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Lok R, Qian J, Chellappa SL. Sex differences in sleep, circadian rhythms, and metabolism: Implications for precision medicine. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101926. [PMID: 38564856 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing sleep loss has exponentially risen over the past decades. Extrapolation of laboratory findings to the real world suggests that females are more affected by extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment than males are. Therefore, long-term effects such as sleep and metabolic disorders are likely to be more prevalent in females than in males. Despite emerging evidence for sex differences in key aspects of sleep-wake and circadian regulation, much remains unknown, as females are often underrepresented in sleep and circadian research. This narrative review aims at highlighting 1) how sex differences systematically impinge on the sleep-wake and circadian regulation in humans, 2) how sex differences in sleep and circadian factors modulate metabolic control, and 3) the relevance of these differences for precision medicine. Ultimately, the findings justify factoring in sex differences when optimizing individually targeted sleep and circadian interventions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Females's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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2
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Merrell LH, Perkin OJ, Bradshaw L, Collier-Bain HD, Collins AJ, Davies S, Eddy R, Hickman JA, Nicholas AP, Rees D, Spellanzon B, James LJ, McKay AKA, Smith HA, Turner JE, Koumanov F, Maher J, Thompson D, Gonzalez JT, Betts JA. Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in human physiology research-should we control the controllables? Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38763158 DOI: 10.1113/ep091557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The premise of research in human physiology is to explore a multifaceted system whilst identifying one or a few outcomes of interest. Therefore, the control of potentially confounding variables requires careful thought regarding the extent of control and complexity of standardisation. One common factor to control prior to testing is diet, as food and fluid provision may deviate from participants' habitual diets, yet a self-report and replication method can be flawed by under-reporting. Researchers may also need to consider standardisation of physical activity, whether it be through familiarisation trials, wash-out periods, or guidance on levels of physical activity to be achieved before trials. In terms of pharmacological agents, the ethical implications of standardisation require researchers to carefully consider how medications, caffeine consumption and oral contraceptive prescriptions may affect the study. For research in females, it should be considered whether standardisation between- or within-participants in regards to menstrual cycle phase is most relevant. The timing of measurements relative to various other daily events is relevant to all physiological research and so it can be important to standardise when measurements are made. This review summarises the areas of standardisation which we hope will be considered useful to anyone involved in human physiology research, including when and how one can apply standardisation to various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Merrell
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Oliver J Perkin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Louise Bradshaw
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Adam J Collins
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sophie Davies
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Rachel Eddy
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James A Hickman
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Anna P Nicholas
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Daniel Rees
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Bruno Spellanzon
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Lewis J James
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harry A Smith
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James E Turner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jennifer Maher
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James A Betts
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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3
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Dittmar M, Möllgaard L, Engelhard F. Menstrual cycle phases and dosage of synthetic hormonal contraceptives influence diurnal rhythm characteristics of distal skin temperature. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:684-696. [PMID: 38634452 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2342945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how natural menstrual cycle phases and dosage of oral hormonal contraceptives (OC) influence the diurnal rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) under real-life conditions. Participants were 41 healthy females (23.9 ± 2.48 y), comprising 27 females taking monophasic hormonal oral contraceptives (OC users) and 14 females with menstrual cycles (non-OC users). Wrist DST was continuously recorded and averaged over two consecutive 24-hour days during (pseudo)follicular and (pseudo)luteal menstrual phases. Diurnal rhythm characteristics, i.e. acrophase and amplitude, describing timing and strength of the DST rhythm, respectively, were calculated using cosinor analysis. Results show that non-OC users experienced earlier diurnal DST maximum (acrophase, p = 0.019) and larger amplitude (p = 0.016) during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase. This was observed in most (71.4%) but not all individuals. The OC users showed no differences in acrophase or amplitude between pseudoluteal and pseudofollicular phases. OC users taking a higher dosage of progestin displayed a larger amplitude for DST rhythm during the pseudoluteal phase (p = 0.009), while estrogen dosage had no effect. In conclusion, monophasic OC cause changes in diurnal DST rhythm, similar to those observed in the luteal phase of females with menstrual cycles, suggesting that synthetic progestins act in a similar manner on skin thermoregulation as progesterone does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Dittmar
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Leefke Möllgaard
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Felicia Engelhard
- Department of Human Biology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Ecochard R, Stanford JB, Fehring RJ, Schneider M, Najmabadi S, Gronfier C. Evidence that the woman's ovarian cycle is driven by an internal circamonthly timing system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg9646. [PMID: 38598621 PMCID: PMC11006216 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The ovarian cycle has a well-established circa-monthly rhythm, but the mechanisms involved in its regularity are unknown. Is the rhythmicity driven by an endogenous clock-like timer or by other internal or external processes? Here, using two large epidemiological datasets (26,912 cycles from 2303 European women and 4786 cycles from 721 North American women), analyzed with time series and circular statistics, we find evidence that the rhythmic characteristics of the menstrual cycle are more likely to be explained by an endogenous clock-like driving mechanism than by any other internal or external process. We also show that the menstrual cycle is weakly but significantly influenced by the 29.5-day lunar cycle and that the phase alignment between the two cycles differs between the European and the North American populations. Given the need to find efficient treatments of subfertility in women, our results should be confirmed in larger populations, and chronobiological approaches to optimize the ovulatory cycle should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Ecochard
- Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 69424 Cedex 03, France
- Laboratoire Biostatistique Santé, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, UMR CNRS 5558 UCBL, Lyon 69000, France
| | - John B. Stanford
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Richard J. Fehring
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Marie Schneider
- College of Nursing, Marquette University, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
- Institute for Natural Family Planning, Milwaukee, P.O. Box 1881 WI, USA
| | - Sam Najmabadi
- Office of Cooperative Reproductive Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84108 UT, USA
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Neurocampus, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69500, France
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Meers JM, Bower J, Nowakowski S, Alfano C. Interaction of sleep and emotion across the menstrual cycle. J Sleep Res 2024:e14185. [PMID: 38513350 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Menstruating individuals experience an increased risk for sleep and affective disorders, attributed in part to monthly oscillations in sex hormones. Emotional functioning and sleep continuity worsens during the perimenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle. This study examined the interactive effects of sleep, menstrual phase, and emotion in healthy women. Participants (N = 51, 43% Caucasian) aged 18-35 (m = 24 years) completed actigraphy and daily sleep/emotion diaries over two menstrual cycles (m days = 51.29). Diary and actigraphic total wake time at night (TWT) and daily ratings of positive and negative affect were compared across four phases of the menstrual cycle: perimenstrual, mid-follicular, periovulatory, and mid-luteal. Relationships between phase, sleep, and emotion were estimated using multistep hierarchical linear modelling. Mean menstrual cycle length was 28.61 ± 2.69 days. Perimenstrual phase positively predicted anger (p < 0.001) but no other emotions. Additionally, the perimenstrual phase predicted higher rates of TWT, such that diary TWT was 8-16 min longer during the perimenstrual (m = 67.54, SE = 3.37) compared to other phases (p < 0.001). Actigraphic TWT was also increased by 4-7 min (m = 61.54, SE = 3.37) in the perimenstrual phase (p < 0.001). Positive emotions were 0.05-0.10 points lower (p = 0.006-0.02) when TWT was greater in the perimenstrual phase. Greater rates of anger and sleep disruption were seen during the perimenstrual phase compared with other phases. When poor sleep occurred during the perimenstrual phase individuals reported reduced positive emotions. Reducing perimenstrual sleep disruptions may be an important intervention target for those at risk for affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Meers
- VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joanne Bower
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sara Nowakowski
- VA HSR&D Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Candice Alfano
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hein E, Halonen R, Wolbers T, Makkonen T, Kyllönen M, Kuula L, Kurki I, Stepnicka P, Pesonen AK. Does sleep promote adaptation to acute stress: An experimental study. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100613. [PMID: 38371490 PMCID: PMC10869260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Evidence of the impact of chronic stress on sleep is abundant, yet experimental sleep studies with a focus on acute stress are scarce and the results are mixed. Our study aimed to fill this gap by experimentally investigating the effects of pre-sleep social stress on sleep dynamics during the subsequent night, as measured with polysomnography (PSG). Methods Thirty-four healthy individuals (65% females, Mage = 25.76 years SD = 3.35) underwent a stress-inducing (SC) or neutral control condition (CC) in virtual reality (VR). We used overnight EEG measurements to analyze the basic sleep parameters and power spectral density (PSD) across the sleep cycles, and measured heart rate and its variability (HRV), skin electrodermal activity (EDA), and salivary cortisol to capture physiological arousal during the VR task and the pre-sleep period. Results Following acute stress (SC), the amount of slow-wave sleep (SWS) was higher and N2 sleep lower relative to CC, specifically in the first sleep cycle. In SC, PSD was elevated in the beta-low (16-24 Hz) and beta-high (25-35 Hz) frequency ranges during both stages N2 and SWS over the entire night. Conclusions Sleep promoted adaptation to acute social stress by a longer duration of SWS in the subsequent sleep period, especially in early sleep. A similar homeostatic effect towards restorative sleep is well-evidenced in animal model stress studies but has not been previously reported in experimental human studies. Whether the high-frequency PSD activity during stages N2 and SWS also serves in the resolution of transient stress, remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Hein
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Halonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Wolbers
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Neomento GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommi Makkonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Kyllönen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Kurki
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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González-Grandón X, Cadena-Alvear I, Gastelum-Vargas M. Interoceptive experiences and ecological care: an embodied approach within therapeutical realms. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1246906. [PMID: 38406300 PMCID: PMC10884145 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1246906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The conventional dichotomy between human health and disease has historically been approached through reductionist models that emphasize the exclusive causal relevance of physiological and pathological processes. Consequently, self-awareness and affective dimensions, integral to a phenomenological perspective, are often relegated to secondary traits, affording little consideration for the causal role of embodied living organization. Our interest lies in exploring the potential relevance of the phenomenology of embodied self-awareness in relation to interoceptive processes within therapeutic settings. As we illustrate, when the unfolding processes of interoceptive awareness and its affective capacity take precedence, the agent assumes an active, rather than passive, role in their own experience of health or illness. Departing from an enactive, phenomenological, and ecological standpoint, we propose a distinctive perspective on interoceptive processes, relying on an affective conceptualization of a spectrum of experiences of bodily being-in-the-world. Our primary argument posits that considering interoceptive processes from an embodied and ecological viewpoint of the self, interacting with the material and social environment, enables an approach to the gradient of affective experiences of embodied self-awareness-where pleasure or suffering is perceived and felt-in a naturalized, non-reductive, and relational manner. We discern two ways in which interoceptive processes interrelate with the experience of embodied self-awareness: sensitivity (self-affective) and affective-laden perception. Drawing on this distinction, we provide a nuanced description of these experiences within communities of cis-women, exemplified through the contexts of menstruation and endometriosis. This exploration seeks to enhance our understanding of the phenomenology of embodied, ecological, and affective self-experience from within diverse and situated bodies. The goal is to contribute to their autonomy and ability to adapt and self-regulate within therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena González-Grandón
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Complejidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Itzel Cadena-Alvear
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melina Gastelum-Vargas
- Faculty of Philosophy and Literature, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Agrawal P, Singh SM, Able C, Kohn TP, Herati AS. Sleep disorders are associated with testosterone deficiency and erectile dysfunction-a U.S. claims database analysis. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:78-82. [PMID: 36473958 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between male genitourinary conditions and sleep disorders has previously only been reported in single-institution studies with small cohorts. Our objective was to assess the association of erectile dysfunction (ED) and testosterone deficiency with various sleep disorders using a large claims database. The TriNetX Diamond database was queried in June 2022. In men aged 40-70 years, insomnia, sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm sleep disorder were each independently assessed to determine the association with ED and testosterone deficiency and then followed by propensity score matching performed for age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, tobacco usage, and obesity. Testosterone deficiency was more likely to be found in men diagnosed with sleep apnea (odds ratio (OR) 1.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.65-1.67]), insomnia (OR 1.74 [95% CI 1.73-1.76]), and circadian rhythm dysfunction (OR 2.63 [95% CI 2.54-2.73]) compared to matched controls. ED was more likely to be found in men diagnosed with sleep apnea (OR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01-1.03]), insomnia (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.30-1.31]), and circadian rhythm dysfunction (OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.49-1.59]) compared to matched controls. Our results emphasize the negative impact of poor sleep on diseases of the male genitourinary system by identifying these relationships in the largest cohort in the U.S. reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Agrawal
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sajya M Singh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corey Able
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Amin S Herati
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Gooderick J, Wood T, Abbott W, Hayes M, Maxwell N. Does a self-reported sleep duration reflect actigraphy reported sleep duration in female football players? SCI MED FOOTBALL 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38174382 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2297903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is often compromised in female athletes, and the monitoring of female athletes' sleep is an important preventative and educational tool. With self-reporting of sleep common practice for athletes as part of a daily wellness assessment, there is a need to understand whether sleep indices are being reported accurately, and thus whether self-report data are useful. This study aimed to compare the agreement between self-reported and actigraphy reported sleep duration in female football players, with the intention of informing best practice for athlete monitoring. Twenty-two female footballers (mean age 19.5 ± 1.3 years) provided a daily self-report across 7 days, whilst also wearing an actigraph across the same testing period. Agreement between the two measures was assessed using Bland-Altman limits of agreement, with acceptable limits of agreement defined as <30 minutes. Results showed evident disagreement between the two methods, with a mean bias of -0.54 (32 min, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.43) and a potential disagreement range of over 2 h (Lower 95% limits of agreement -1.49 to upper 95% limits of agreement 0.40). Coaches using self-reported sleep durations as a monitoring tool for female footballers should interpret the results with caution and be aware of the potential for inaccuracies in this measure. As such, where possible, coaches should consider other methods of sleep monitoring, rather than solely relying on a self-report, to ensure they are operating with optimal practice within situational constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby Wood
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Will Abbott
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Mark Hayes
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Neil Maxwell
- School of Sport, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
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10
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Juillard E, Douchet T, Paizis C, Babault N. Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Physical Performance and Subjective Ratings in Elite Academy Women Soccer Players. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:16. [PMID: 38251290 PMCID: PMC10820559 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to combine psychological and physical factors to explore the impact of the menstrual cycle on performance in elite academy women soccer players through weekly monitoring. Eighteen elite academy women soccer players were monitored. Players reported daily through an online anonymous survey if they were in menstruation. Players answered the Hooper Questionnaire daily, performed an Illinois Agility Test (IAT) twice a week, and rated their perceived exertion (RPE) after every training session. Tests were associated with a complete menstrual cycle reported through the online anonymous survey to determine the two weeks of the follicular phase and the two weeks of the luteal phase. Of the 18 players, 10 completed all requirements and were retained for analyses. IAT did not show significant differences throughout the menstrual cycle (p = 0.633). Fatigue (p = 0.444), Stress (p = 0.868), Sleep (p = 0.398), DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness; p = 0.725), and Hooper Index (p = 0.403) did not show significant differences either. RPE was also comparable across the cycle (p = 0.846). Our results failed to demonstrate that hormonal variation during the menstrual cycle influenced psychological and physical markers of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Juillard
- Dijon Football Côte d’Or (DFCO), 17 Rue du Stade, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.J.); (T.D.)
| | - Tom Douchet
- Dijon Football Côte d’Or (DFCO), 17 Rue du Stade, 21000 Dijon, France; (E.J.); (T.D.)
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Sport Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 3 Allée des Stades Universitaires, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | - Christos Paizis
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Sport Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 3 Allée des Stades Universitaires, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Center for Performance Expertise, CAPS, U1093 INSERM, Sport Science Faculty, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 3 Allée des Stades Universitaires, BP 27877, CEDEX, 21078 Dijon, France;
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11
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Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
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12
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Bezerra AG, Pires GN, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Hachul H. The Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on the Sleep of Women of Reproductive Age. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:435-448. [PMID: 38501516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Research about the effects of hormonal contraceptives on sleep has been performed but is subjected to important levels of methodological heterogeneity. Hormonal contraceptives impact sleep, but the direction of this association is not clear. Most studies describe a negative sleep profile among contraceptive users, including increased sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, decreased sleep efficiency, and a reduced overall sleep quality. Hormonal intrauterine contraceptives are associated with less negative effects. More research on the field, especially randomized controlled trials, is needed to increase the level and certainty of evidence about the effects of hormonal contraceptives on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Gomes Bezerra
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 - CEP: 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 - CEP: 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil; Sleep Institute, Rua Marselhesa, 500 - CEP: 04020-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 - CEP: 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil; Sleep Institute, Rua Marselhesa, 500 - CEP: 04020-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 - CEP: 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil; Sleep Institute, Rua Marselhesa, 500 - CEP: 04020-060, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Hachul
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 - CEP: 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil; Sleep Institute, Rua Marselhesa, 500 - CEP: 04020-060, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Gadodia R, Nandamuru D, Akberzie W, Kataria L. Sleep Disorders and Aging in Women. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:545-557. [PMID: 38501526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Women of advancing age can suffer from an array of sleep disorders. We review the changes in sleep architecture, the impact of hormonal changes on sleep, and the various sleep disorders in women of advancing age. A focused history in this population should include the temporal relation to menopause and comorbid conditions. Treatment options should involve patient preference and review of current medications and comorbid conditions to optimize sleep in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Gadodia
- Department of Medicine, Medstar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Deepika Nandamuru
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine, GW Medical Faculty Associates, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Wahida Akberzie
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Primary Care Service, Martinsburg VA Medical Center, 510 Butler Avenue, Martinsburg, WV 25405, USA
| | - Lynn Kataria
- Sleep Laboratory, Washington DC VA Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, 50 Irving Street Northwest, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
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14
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Alzueta E, Baker FC. The Menstrual Cycle and Sleep. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:399-413. [PMID: 38501513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Aspects of sleep change across the menstrual cycle in some women. Poorer sleep quality in the premenstrual phase and menstruation is common in women with premenstrual symptoms or painful menstrual cramps. Although objective sleep continuity remains unchanged across the regular, asymptomatic menstrual cycle, activity in the sleep electroencephalogram varies, with a prominent increase in sleep spindle activity in the postovulatory luteal phase, when progesterone is present, relative to the follicular phase. Menstrual cycle phase, reproductive stage, and menstrual-related disorders should be considered when assessing women's sleep complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Alzueta
- Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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15
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Romanzini LP, Ishikura IA, Pires GN, Tufik S, Andersen ML. The Impact of Maternity and Working Demands in Women's Sleep Pattern. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:481-487. [PMID: 38501520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This literature review seeks to understand how motherhood and profession affect women's sleep. After the birth of a child, there is an increase in dissatisfaction with the quantity and quality of sleep. Awakenings and sleep disturbances are more frequent and can lead to increased fatigue and stress to reconcile household activities and work demands. These changes in sleep can lead to physical and/or psychological health problems. Sleep hygiene and social support become fundamental for the performance of the maternal tasks, reducing risks and increasing prevention of future problems, both for women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisie P Romanzini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela A Ishikura
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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van de Langenberg D, Vlaanderen J, Berentzen N, Kromhout H, Vermeulen R. Associating night-shift work with lifetime use of sleep medication and sleep quality in a cohort of female nurses. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:1056-1068. [PMID: 37758464 PMCID: PMC10752347 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Night-shift workers often sleep at moments, not in sync with their circadian rhythm. Though the acute effects of night-shift work on sleep quality directly after a night shift are well described, less is known about the chronic effects of night-shift work on sleep. We associated ever-working night shifts and recently working night shifts (<4 wk) with lifetime use of sleep medication and melatonin, self-reported average sleep duration and sleep quality over the 4 wk preceding inclusion (measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep scale). We explored trends in sleep outcomes with average frequency of night shifts per week, tenure of night-shift works in years, and time since last performed night work. This research was conducted within the Nightingale study which is a Dutch cohort study of 59,947 female registered nurses aged 18 to 65. Working night shifts was not associated with self-reported nonoptimal sleep length and sleep quality. However, we observed higher odds of lifetime use of sleep medication for nurses who ever-worked night shifts (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.13, 1.35) and who recently worked night shifts (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.22); with night-shift work frequency and tenure being associated with lifetime use of sleep medication (P-value for trend < 0.001 for both). Odds for melatonin use were elevated for nurses who ever worked night shifts (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.40, 1.71) and recently worked night shifts (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.59, 1,86). The findings of this study have practical implications for healthcare organizations that employ nurses working night shifts. The observed associations between night-shift work and increased lifetime use of prescribed sleep medication and melatonin highlight the need for targeted support and interventions to address the potential long-term sleep problems faced by these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlla van de Langenberg
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vlaanderen
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Berentzen
- Flora van Leeuwen Epidemiology of Cancer, NKI, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Exposure Science and the Exposome, IRAS, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Fulton JM, Flanagan SC, Sittlington JJ, Cobice D, Dobbin S, McCullough SJ, Orr G, Richardson P, Saunders KJ. A Cross-Sectional Study of Myopia and Morning Melatonin Status in Northern Irish Adolescent Children. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:7961623. [PMID: 37946723 PMCID: PMC10632006 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7961623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have demonstrated an association between melatonin status and both refractive error and axial length in young adult myopes. This study aimed to determine if this relationship extends to a younger adolescent cohort. Methods Healthy children aged 12-15 years provided morning saliva samples before attending Ulster University (55°N) for cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length measures. Participants completed questionnaires describing recent sleep habits and physical activity. Salivary melatonin was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data collection for all participants occurred over a 1-week period (April 2021). Results Seventy participants aged 14.3 (95% CI: 14.2-14.5) years were categorised by spherical equivalent refraction [SER] (range: -5.38DS to +1.88DS) into two groups; myopic SER ≤ -0.50DS (n = 22) or nonmyopic -0.50DS < SER ≤ +2.00DS (n = 48). Median morning salivary melatonin levels were 4.52 pg/ml (95% CI: 2.60-6.02) and 4.89 pg/ml (95% CI: 3.18-5.66) for myopic and nonmyopic subjects, respectively, and did not differ significantly between refractive groups (P = 0.91). Melatonin levels were not significantly correlated with SER, axial length, sleep, or activity scores (Spearman's rank, all P > 0.39). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with higher sleep quality (Spearman's rank, ρ = -0.28, P = 0.02). Conclusion The present study found no significant relationship between morning salivary melatonin levels and refractive error or axial length in young adolescents. This contrasts with outcomes from a previous study of adults with comparable methodology, season of data collection, and geographical location. Prospective studies are needed to understand the discrepancies between adult and childhood findings and evaluate whether melatonin levels in childhood are indicative of an increased risk for future onset of myopia and/or faster axial growth trajectories and myopia progression in established myopes. Future work should opt for a comprehensive dim-light melatonin onset protocol to determine circadian phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M. Fulton
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sarah C. Flanagan
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Julie J. Sittlington
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Diego Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sara Dobbin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sara J. McCullough
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Gareth Orr
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Patrick Richardson
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Kathryn J. Saunders
- Centre for Optometry and Vision Science, Biomedical Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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18
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Hashimoto S, Endo T, Honma S, Yamanaka Y, Honma KI. Differential responses to artificial photoperiods of the rising and falling phases of human melatonin rhythm are consistent with a dual oscillator hypothesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R619-R628. [PMID: 37694335 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00095.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles were measured in volunteers staying singly in temporal isolation unit where they were exposed to artificial short and long light-dark (LD) cycles for 7 days. The long day consisted of 16-h light and 8-h dark (LD 16:8) and the short day consisted of 8-h light and 16-h dark (LD 8:16). During the light period, bright light of approximately 5,000 lux was given from the ceiling and during the dark period there was no illumination. Sleep was monitored by bed sensors, wrist actiwatch, and polysomnography (PSG) on the first and last nights of the schedule. Sleep length was significantly longer under LD 8:16 than under LD 16:8 and the sleep quality estimated by PSG was worse under LD 8:16 than under LD 16:8, which were comparable to natural seasonality in sleep. The circadian rhythm in plasma melatonin was measured in dim light (10 lux) before and after the LD exposures. The nocturnal melatonin secretion (NMS) was significantly longer after LD 8:16 than after LD 16:8 due to differential phase shifts of the rising and falling phases of NMS. After LD 8:16, the falling phase was much advanced than the rising phase, whereas after LD 16:8 the rising phase was much delayed than the falling phase, resulting in the NMS compression. These results indicate that the light sensitivity in terms of phase shifting is different in the two circadian phases, supporting a dual oscillator hypothesis with different phase-response curves for light in the human circadian system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrated differential light responsiveness of the rising and falling phases of nocturnal melatonin secretion in human subjects exposed to artificial long (LD 16:8) and short days (LD 8:16) and suggested the involvement of different oscillators under these phases. The findings well mimicked the seasonality of the circadian rhythms in nature and consisted with the evening/morning dual oscillator hypothesis proposed originally for nocturnal rodents, providing a new concept for the human circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuro Endo
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Li QL, Wang C, Cao KX, Zhang L, Xu YS, Chang L, Liu ZH, Yang AJ, Xue YX. Sleep characteristics before assisted reproductive technology treatment predict reproductive outcomes: a prospective cohort study of Chinese infertile women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178396. [PMID: 37908752 PMCID: PMC10614022 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders affect mental and physical health. Infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment are prone to sleep disorders. Sleep condition, its influencing factors, and the association between sleep condition and ART treatment outcomes before treatment have not been explored within a population with a large sample size. Therefore, we investigated the sleep characteristics of 1002 Chinese infertile women before ovulation induction and investigated the influencing factors (negative and positive psychological factors, demographics, and fertility characteristics). We also examined whether sleep conditions before treatment predicted reproductive outcomes. We found that 24.1% of participants reported poor sleep quality. Women with primary infertility reported poorer sleep than women with secondary infertility. Negative psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, and perceived stress were associated with poor sleep, whereas positive affect was linked with good sleep. Adverse sleep characteristics, including poor subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbances, and poor sleep efficiency, decreased the quantity and quality of oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates, and clinical pregnancy rates. This study indicates that before ART treatment, a large number of females with infertility suffer from sleep problems, which are affected by psychological factors and infertility type, and unhealthy sleep characteristics may impair treatment outcomes. Our findings highlight the importance of screening and treatment for sleep disorders before the enrollment of ART treatment in infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ling Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yun-Shuai Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Daizhuang Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ai-Jun Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Jackson KD, Achour B, Lee J, Geffert RM, Beers JL, Latham BD. Novel Approaches to Characterize Individual Drug Metabolism and Advance Precision Medicine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1238-1253. [PMID: 37419681 PMCID: PMC10506699 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug metabolism can significantly affect drug concentrations in the body and subsequent drug response. Understanding an individual's drug metabolism capacity is important for predicting drug exposure and developing precision medicine strategies. The goal of precision medicine is to individualize drug treatment for patients to maximize efficacy and minimize drug toxicity. While advances in pharmacogenomics have improved our understanding of how genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) affect drug response, nongenetic factors are also known to influence drug metabolism phenotypes. This minireview discusses approaches beyond pharmacogenetic testing to phenotype DMEs-particularly the cytochrome P450 enzymes-in clinical settings. Several phenotyping approaches have been proposed: traditional approaches include phenotyping with exogenous probe substrates and the use of endogenous biomarkers; newer approaches include evaluating circulating noncoding RNAs and liquid biopsy-derived markers relevant to DME expression and function. The goals of this minireview are to 1) provide a high-level overview of traditional and novel approaches to phenotype individual drug metabolism capacity, 2) describe how these approaches are being applied or can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies, and 3) discuss perspectives on future opportunities to advance precision medicine in diverse populations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This minireview provides an overview of recent advances in approaches to characterize individual drug metabolism phenotypes in clinical settings. It highlights the integration of existing pharmacokinetic biomarkers with novel approaches; also discussed are current challenges and existing knowledge gaps. The article concludes with perspectives on the future deployment of a liquid biopsy-informed physiologically based pharmacokinetic strategy for patient characterization and precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Brahim Achour
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Raeanne M Geffert
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Jessica L Beers
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
| | - Bethany D Latham
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.D.J., J.L., R.M.G., J.L.B., B.D.L.); and Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (B.A.)
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21
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Skowrońska M, Pawłowski M, Milewski R. A Literature Review and a Proposed Classification of the Relationships between Ovulatory Infertility and Lifestyle Factors Based on the Three Groups of Ovulation Disorders Classified by WHO. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6275. [PMID: 37834919 PMCID: PMC10573907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovulatory infertility is a serious clinical problem whose direct causes are still largely unknown. In addition to pathologies that make it impossible for a couple to establish a pregnancy, there are a number of other factors that have a bearing on fertility, including lifestyle factors, and particularly diet. Although numerous studies have been performed linking such factors to ovulatory infertility, most of them lack the necessary clinical significance, instead focusing on observational data and suggesting or establishing associative relationships. This article consists of a literature review focusing on connections between lifestyle factors such as diet, physical exercise, oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation, and ovulatory infertility. Special emphasis was given to issues such as obesity and insulin resistance and their mutual relationship with other factors linked to ovulatory infertility. In addition, based on the conclusions of the literature review, the authors have proposed a classification of relationships between ovulation disorders and lifestyle factors in ovulatory infertility within the framework of the WHO classification of ovulation disorders. Furthermore, areas that merit further research have been indicated as well as those that do not. WHO Group II disorders gained prominence in the results of the study as the number of links with lifestyle factors and ovulatory infertility found in the course of the review greatly exceeded those for Groups I and III. The data presented in the article show that the issues of proper diet and physical exercise are those that could benefit from robust clinical studies focused specifically on ovulation infertility, while studies concerning the relationship between oxidative stress, sleep, and supplementation and ovulatory infertility do not seem to be promising directions as far as clinical significance is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Pawłowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
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22
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Schöllhorn I, Deuring G, Stefani O, Strumberger MA, Rosburg T, Lemoine P, Pross A, Wingert B, Mager R, Cajochen C. Effects of nature-adapted lighting solutions ("Virtual Sky") on subjective and objective correlates of sleepiness, well-being, visual and cognitive performance at the workplace. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288690. [PMID: 37535612 PMCID: PMC10399894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to natural daylight benefits human well-being, alertness, circadian rhythms and sleep. Many workplaces have limited or no access to daylight. Thus, we implemented a light-panel ("Virtual Sky"), which reproduced nature-adapted light scenarios. In a laboratory office environment, three lighting scenarios were presented during the day: two lighting conditions with nature-adapted spectral light distributions, one with static and one with dynamic clouds, and a standard office lighting condition. We compared the impact of the three lighting scenarios on subjective and objective measures of alertness, cognitive performance, wellbeing, visual comfort, contrast sensitivity, and cortisol levels in 18 healthy young male volunteers in a within-participant cross-over study design. We found no evidence that an 8-h lighting scenario with static or dynamic clouds during the waking day (9am-5pm) was associated with any significant effect on objective and/or subjective alertness, cognitive performance and morning cortisol concentrations compared to standard workplace lighting. However, the dynamic light scenario was accompanied with lower levels of perceived tensionafter completing cognitive tasks and less effort to concentrate compared to the static lighting scenarios. Our findings suggest that apart from smaller effects on tension and concentration effort, nature-adapted lighting conditions did not improve daytime alertness and cognitive performance in healthy well-rested young participants, as compared to standard office lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schöllhorn
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- Forensic Department, Basel University, University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Strumberger
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Rosburg
- Department of Clinical Research, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, EbIM Research & Education, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Lemoine
- Forensic Department, Basel University, University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Achim Pross
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Wingert
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Industrial Engineering, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ralph Mager
- Forensic Department, Basel University, University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Bezerra AG, Andersen ML, Pires GN, Tufik S, Hachul H. The effects of hormonal contraceptive use on sleep in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13757. [PMID: 36319606 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormonal contraceptives are some of the most widely used medications worldwide, but studies on their effects on sleep are contradictory, with some reporting a sleep-promoting effect, while others a sleep-inhibiting effect. Our objective was, therefore, to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on this subject to try to clarify their effects. A search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Only studies evaluating hormonal contraception use were considered eligible, and both objective and subjective sleep-related outcomes were considered. Individual effect size was calculated for each article, and meta-analyses were performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects method. The initial search identified 2076 articles, of which 13 met the criteria for the study after full text evaluation. A total of 33 meta-analyses were performed, three of them related to subjective measures and 30 considering data from polysomnography. The only statistically significant result between contraceptive users and non-contraceptive users was observed in respect of wake after sleep onset, which was 7 min shorter among contraceptive users (-7.12 [-12.80; -1.44]; I2 = 65%; p = 0.01). In conclusion, hormonal contraceptives are not associated with clinically relevant changes in sleep patterns in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Levy Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Natan Pires
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Hachul
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Ginecologia, Casa de Saúde Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamidovic A, Davis J, Wardle M, Naveed A, Soumare F. Periovulatory Subphase of the Menstrual Cycle Is Marked by a Significant Decrease in Heart Rate Variability. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:785. [PMID: 37372070 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: High-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) is an essential ultradian rhythm that reflects the activity of the PNS to decelerate the heart. It is unknown how HF-HRV varies across the menstrual cycle (MC), and whether progesterone mediates this potential variation. (2) Methods: We enrolled 33 women in the study to attend eight clinic visits across the MC, during which we measured their resting HF-HRV and collected samples for the analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone. We realigned the study data according to the serum LH surge to the early follicular, mid-follicular, periovulatory, early luteal, mid-luteal and late luteal subphases. (3) Results: Pairwise comparisons between all the subphases showed significant differences between the early follicular and periovulatory subphases (β = 0.9302; p ≤ 0.001) and between the periovulatory and early luteal subphases (β = -0.6955; p ≤ 0.05). Progesterone was positively associated with HF-HRV in the early follicular subphase but not the periovulatory subphase (p ≤ 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The present study shows a significant drop in HF-HRV in the anticipation of ovulation. Further research in this area is critical given the marked cardiovascular disease mortality in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajna Hamidovic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Margaret Wardle
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Aamina Naveed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fatimata Soumare
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Doohan MA, King N, White MJ, Stewart IB. Trends in menstrual cycle symptoms, physical activity avoidance, and hormonal contraceptive use in a general population of adult women. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2023; 36:100853. [PMID: 37167827 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research examining symptoms and side effects of the menstrual cycle on physical activity performance and participation has almost exclusively focussed on elite and athletic populations. The current study aimed to i) identify any differences in symptomatic experiences of the menstrual cycle between hormonal contraceptive users and non-users, ii) gain insight into hormonal contraceptive use, iii) describe perceived symptomatic influences on physical activity engagement, and iv) identify perceived levels of knowledge and understanding around the menstrual cycle. METHODS An online questionnaire was completed by 881 adult females aged between 18 and 55 years. Questionnaire items related to hormonal contraceptive use, habitual physical activity levels, experiences and symptoms of the menstrual cycle, and sources of information resulting in knowledge and understanding of the menstrual cycle. RESULTS More than half of all participants (52%) identified themselves as being recreationally active, and the most commonly reported menstrual symptoms were abdominal cramps, lethargy, abdominal bloating, lower back pain, and heavy bleeding. Of all respondents, 48.1% were using some form of hormonal contraception, 66% of which were using a version of a combined oral contraceptive pill. DISCUSSION Consistent with previous studies, 90% of respondents regularly experienced adverse menstrual symptoms, including abdominal cramps, lethargy, abdominal bloating, lower back pain, and heavy bleeding. Menstrual symptoms were frequently identified as influential factors in the avoidance of, and reduced performance in, physical activity. Almost half of all participants were using some form of hormonal contraception, a noticeably larger proportion than has been previously documented in studies examining non-athletic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg A Doohan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Neil King
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie J White
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian B Stewart
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Zamora AN, Peterson KE, Goodrich JM, Téllez-Rojo MM, Song PXK, Meeker JD, Dolinoy DC, A Torres-Olascoaga L, Cantoral A, Jansen EC. Associations between exposure to phthalates, phenols, and parabens with objective and subjective measures of sleep health among Mexican women in midlife: a cross-sectional and retrospective analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65544-65557. [PMID: 37086320 PMCID: PMC10464830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may impact sleep during the menopausal transition by altering sex hormones. However, these studies are scarce among Latin American women. This investigation utilized cross-sectional and retrospective data from midlife women enrolled in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study to examine associations between exposure to EDCs (phthalates, phenols, and parabens) and sleep health measures. For cross-sectional analyses, single spot urine samples were collected between 2017-2019 from a pilot sample of women (N = 91) of midlife age to estimate the urinary concentration of individual phthalates, phenols, and parabens and to calculate the summary concentration of phthalate mixtures. Seven-day nightly sleep duration, midpoint, and fragmentation were obtained from wrist-actigraphy devices and estimated from the actigraphy data using a pruned dynamic programming algorithm. Self-reported poor sleep quality was assessed by one item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We examined associations between urinary summary phthalate mixtures, phthalate metabolites, phenol, and paraben analytes with each sleep measure using linear or logistic (to compute odds of poor sleep quality only) regression models adjusted for specific gravity, age, and socioeconomic status. We ran similar regression models for retrospective analyses (N = 74), except that urine exposure biomarker data were collected in 2008 when women were 24-50 years old. At the 2017-2019 midlife visit, 38% reported poor sleep quality. Cross-sectionally, EDCs were associated with longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep. For example, every 1-unit IQR increase in the phenol triclosan was associated with a 26.3 min per night (95% CI: 10.5, 42.2; P < 0.05) longer sleep duration and marginally associated with 0.2 decimal hours (95% CI: -0.4, 0.0; P < 0.10) earlier sleep midpoint; while every 1-unit IQR increase in the phthalate metabolite MEHP was associated with 1.1% higher sleep fragmentation (95% CI: 0.1, 2.1; P < 0.05). Retrospective study results generally mirrored cross-sectional results such that EDCs were linked to longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep. EDCs were not significantly associated with odds of self-reported poor sleep quality. Results from cross-sectional and retrospective analyses revealed that higher exposure to EDCs was predictive of longer sleep duration, earlier sleep timing, and more fragmented sleep among midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid N Zamora
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Research On Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Libni A Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Research On Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 3863 SPH 1, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Irvine A, Gaffney MI, Haughee EK, Horton MA, Morris HC, Harris KC, Corbin JE, Merrill C, Perlis ML, Been LE. Elevated estradiol during a hormone simulated pseudopregnancy decreases sleep and increases hypothalamic activation in female Syrian hamsters. J Neuroendocrinol 2023:e13278. [PMID: 37127859 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disruptions are a common occurrence during the peripartum period. While physical and environmental factors associated with pregnancy and newborn care account for some sleep disruptions, there is evidence that peripartum fluctuations in estrogens may independently impact sleep. However, the impact of these large fluctuations in estrogens on peripartum sleep is unclear because it is difficult to tease apart the effects of estrogens on sleep from effects associated with the growth and development of the fetus or parental care. We therefore used a hormone-simulated pseudopregnancy (HSP) in female Syrian hamsters to test the hypothesis that pregnancy-like increases in estradiol decrease sleep in the absence of other factors. Adult female Syrian hamsters were ovariectomized and given daily hormone injections that simulate estradiol levels during early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and the postpartum period. Home cage video recordings were captured at seven timepoints and videos were analyzed for actigraphy. During "late pregnancy," total sleep time and sleep efficiency were decreased in hormone-treated animals during the white light period compared to pretest levels. Likewise, during "late pregnancy," locomotion was increased in the white light period for hormone-treated animals compared to pretest levels. These changes continued into the "postpartum period" for animals who continued to receive estradiol treatment, but not for animals who were withdrawn from estradiol. At the conclusion of the experiment, animals were euthanized and cFos expression was quantified in the ventral lateral preoptic area (VLPO) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Animals who continued to receive high levels of estradiol during the "postpartum" period had significantly more cFos in the VLPO and LH than animals who were withdrawn from hormones or vehicle controls. Together, these data suggest that increased levels of estradiol during pregnancy are associated with sleep suppression, which may be mediated by increased activation of hypothalamic nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Irvine
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maeve I Gaffney
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin K Haughee
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marité A Horton
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hailey C Morris
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kagan C Harris
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Corbin
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clara Merrill
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura E Been
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mascaro L, Drummond SPA, Leota J, Boardman JM, Hoffman D, Rajaratnam SMW, Aidman E, Facer-Childs ER. Cognitive fitness modulates gender differences in sleep and mental health among competitive athletes under chronic stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1118822. [PMID: 36969596 PMCID: PMC10031072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1118822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mental fitness is increasingly considered a key component of an athlete’s competitive arsenal. Active domains of mental fitness include cognitive fitness, sleep, and mental health; and these domains can differ between men and women athletes. Our study investigated the associations of cognitive fitness and gender to sleep and mental health, and the interaction between cognitive fitness and gender on sleep and mental health, in competitive athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: 82 athletes competing at levels from regional/state to international (49% women, M-age = 23.3 years) completed measures of self-control, intolerance of uncertainty, and impulsivity (together representing constructs of cognitive fitness), items about sleep (total sleep time, sleep latency, and mid-sleep time on free days) and a measure of mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress).Results: Women athletes reported lower self-control, higher intolerance of uncertainty, and higher positive urgency impulsivity compared with men athletes. Women reported sleeping later, but this gender difference disappeared after controlling for cognitive fitness. Women athletes—after controlling for cognitive fitness—reported higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Across genders, higher self-control was associated with lower depression, and lower intolerance of uncertainty was associated with lower anxiety. Higher sensation seeking was associated with lower depression and stress, and higher premeditation was associated with greater total sleep time and anxiety. Higher perseverance was associated with higher depression for men—but not women—athletes.Conclusion: Women athletes in our sample reported poorer cognitive fitness and mental health compared to men athletes. Most cognitive fitness factors protected competitive athletes under chronic stress, but some exposed them to poorer mental health. Future work should examine the sources of gender differences. Our findings suggest a need to develop tailored interventions aimed at improving athlete wellbeing, with a particular focus on women athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean P. A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Leota
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johanna M. Boardman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elise R. Facer-Childs
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Danny Frawley Centre for Health and Wellbeing, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elise R. Facer-Childs,
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Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030383. [PMID: 36979075 PMCID: PMC10045474 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most lifeforms on earth use endogenous, so-called circadian clocks to adapt to 24-h cycles in environmental demands driven by the planet’s rotation around its axis. Interactions with the environment change over the course of a lifetime, and so does regulation of the circadian clock system. In this review, we summarize how circadian clocks develop in humans and experimental rodents during embryonic development, how they mature after birth and what changes occur during puberty, adolescence and with increasing age. Special emphasis is laid on the circadian regulation of reproductive systems as major organizers of life segments and life span. We discuss differences in sexes and outline potential areas for future research. Finally, potential options for medical applications of lifespan chronobiology are discussed.
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Kwon M, Oh J. Factors Affecting Sleep Quality of College Students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020416. [PMID: 36837616 PMCID: PMC9958765 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between college students' fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), intolerance of uncertainty, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors affecting sleep quality. Materials and Methods: Data were collected through an online survey of 310 college students from three universities located in three regions in Korea. Results: The average sleep quality score of college students was 4.76 ± 2.86 points, the average fear of COVID-19 was 14.01 ± 5.05 points, and the average intolerance of uncertainty was 31.50 ± 7.92 points. Fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty were positively correlated (r = 0.302, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.246, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.212, p < 0.001). Health status was the most powerful factor that affected sleep quality (β = 0.377, p < 0.001). The next most powerful factors that affected sleep quality were fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.164, p = 0.003) and intolerance of uncertainty (β = 0.122, p = 0.027), respectively. Conclusions: These results are expected to be used as basic data for the development of health intervention programs to protect and improve the psychological well-being of college students by improving their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyoung Kwon
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Oh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-850-0301; Fax: +82-41-850-0315
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31
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Systematic analysis of negative and positive feedback loops for robustness and temperature compensation in circadian rhythms. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:5. [PMID: 36774353 PMCID: PMC9922291 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature compensation and robustness to biological noise are two key characteristics of the circadian clock. These features allow the circadian pacemaker to maintain a steady oscillation in a wide range of environmental conditions. The presence of a time-delayed negative feedback loop in the regulatory network generates autonomous circadian oscillations in eukaryotic systems. In comparison, the circadian clock of cyanobacteria is controlled by a strong positive feedback loop. Positive feedback loops with substrate depletion can also generate oscillations, inspiring other circadian clock models. What makes a circadian oscillatory network robust to extrinsic noise is unclear. We investigated four basic circadian oscillators with negative, positive, and combinations of positive and negative feedback loops to explore network features necessary for circadian clock resilience. We discovered that the negative feedback loop system performs the best in compensating temperature changes. We also show that a positive feedback loop can reduce extrinsic noise in periods of circadian oscillators, while intrinsic noise is reduced by negative feedback loops.
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James JJ, Leach OK, Young AM, Newman AN, Mpongo KL, Quirante JM, Wardell DB, Ahmadi M, Gifford JR. The exercise power-duration relationship is equally reproducible in eumenorrheic female and male humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:230-241. [PMID: 36548510 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00416.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle (MC) on exercise performance across the power-duration relationship (PDR). We hypothesized females would exhibit greater variability in the PDR across the MC than males across a similar timespan, with critical power (CP) and work-prime (W') being lower during the early follicular phase than the late follicular and midluteal phases. Seven eumenorrheic, endurance-trained female adults performed multiple constant-load-to-task-failure and maximum-power tests at three timepoints across the MC (early follicular, late follicular, and midluteal phases). Ten endurance-trained male adults performed the same tests approximately 10 days apart. No differences across the PDR were observed between MC phases (CP: 186.74 ± 31.00 W, P = 0.955, CV = 0.81 ± 0.65%) (W': 7,961.81 ± 2,537.68 J, P = 0.476, CV = 10.48 ± 3.06%). CP was similar for male and female subjects (11.82 ± 1.42 W·kg-1 vs. 11.56 ± 1.51 W·kg-1, respectively) when controlling for leg lean mass. However, W' was larger (P = 0.047) for male subjects (617.28 ± 130.10 J·kg-1) than female subjects (490.03 ± 136.70 J·kg-1) when controlling for leg lean mass. MC phase does not need to be controlled when conducting aerobic endurance performance research on eumenorrheic female subjects without menstrual dysfunction. Nevertheless, several sex differences in the power-duration relationship exist, even after normalizing for body composition. Therefore, previous studies describing the physiology of exercise performance in male subjects may not perfectly describe that of female subjects.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Females are often excluded from exercise performance research due to experimental challenges in controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC), causing uncertainty regarding how the MC impacts female performance. The present study examined the influences that biological sex and the MC have on the power-duration relationship (PDR) by comparing critical power (CP), Work-prime (W'), and maximum power output (PMAX) in males and females. Our data provide evidence that the MC does not influence the PDR and that females exhibit similar reproducibility as males. Thus, when conducting aerobic endurance exercise research on eumenorrheic females without menstrual dysfunction, the phase of the MC does not need to be controlled. Although differences in body composition account for some differences between the sexes, sex differences in W' and PMAX persisted even after normalizing for different metrics of body composition. These data highlight the necessity and feasibility of examining sex differences in performance, as previously generated male-only data within the literature may not apply to female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J James
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Olivia K Leach
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Arianna M Young
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Audrey N Newman
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Kiese L Mpongo
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jaron M Quirante
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Devon B Wardell
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.,Program of Gerontology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Vidafar P, Spitschan M. Light on Shedding: A Review of Sex and Menstrual Cycle Differences in the Physiological Effects of Light in Humans. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:15-33. [PMID: 36367137 PMCID: PMC9902977 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221126785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The human circadian system responds to light as low as 30 photopic lux. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that there are huge individual differences in light sensitivity, which may help to explain why some people are more susceptible to sleep and circadian disruption than others. The biological mechanisms underlying the differences in light sensitivity remain largely unknown. A key variable of interest in understanding these individual differences in light sensitivity is biological sex. It is possible that in humans, males and females differ in their sensitivity to light, but the evidence is inconclusive. This is in part due to the historic exclusion of women in biomedical research. Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle in women has often been cited as a confound by researchers. Attitudes, however, are changing with funding and publication agencies advocating for more inclusive research frameworks and mandating that women and minorities participate in scientific research studies. In this article, we distill the existing knowledge regarding the relationship between light and the menstrual cycle. There is some evidence of a relationship between light and the menstrual cycle, but the nature of this relationship seems dependent on the timing of the light source (sunlight, moonlight, and electric light at night). Light sensitivity may be influenced by biological sex and menstrual phase but there might not be any effect at all. To better understand the relationship between light, the circadian system, and the menstrual cycle, future research needs to be designed thoughtfully, conducted rigorously, and reported transparently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vidafar
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Translational Sensory and Circadian Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- TUM Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Agrawal P, Singh SM, Kohn J, Kohn TP, Clifton M. Sleep Disorders Are Associated with Female Sexual Desire and Genital Response - A U.S. Claims Database Analysis. Urology 2023; 172:79-83. [PMID: 36455681 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of common sleep disorders with female sexual dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the TriNetX Diamond Network. Adult women diagnosed with insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, or circadian rhythm sleep disorder were assessed to determine the association with female sexual dysfunction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female orgasmic disorder, and female sexual arousal disorder. A propensity-score matched control cohort for age, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, outpatient service utilization, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease, and surgical procedures on the female genital system was generated, excluding those with any sleep disorders, sleep deprivation, or morbid obesity with alveolar hypoventilation. All cohorts excluded those with any antidepressant or antipsychotic prescriptions. RESULTS Our query yielded 1,317,491 women diagnosed with sleep apnea, 1,538,567 with insomnia, and 58,902 with circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Women with sleep apnea and insomnia had higher odds of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorder compared to matched controls. Women with sleep apnea, insomnia, or circadian rhythm sleep disorder all had a significantly higher odds of female sexual dysfunction compared to matched controls. CONCLUSION In this large cross-sectional analysis, sleep disorders were strongly associated with female sexual dysfunction. It is thus crucial for providers to screen for poor sleep when conducting a thorough evaluation for sexual dysfunction in women to diagnose highly prevalent sleep disorders and improve overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajya M Singh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jaden Kohn
- The Johns Hopkins Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Baltimore, MD
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Marisa Clifton
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Ono M, Ando H, Daikoku T, Fujiwara T, Mieda M, Mizumoto Y, Iizuka T, Kagami K, Hosono T, Nomura S, Toyoda N, Sekizuka-Kagami N, Maida Y, Kuji N, Nishi H, Fujiwara H. The Circadian Clock, Nutritional Signals and Reproduction: A Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021545. [PMID: 36675058 PMCID: PMC9865912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm, which is necessary for reproduction, is controlled by clock genes. In the mouse uterus, the oscillation of the circadian clock gene has been observed. The transcription of the core clock gene period (Per) and cryptochrome (Cry) is activated by the heterodimer of the transcription factor circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1). By binding to E-box sequences in the promoters of Per1/2 and Cry1/2 genes, the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer promotes the transcription of these genes. Per1/2 and Cry1/2 form a complex with the Clock/Bmal1 heterodimer and inactivate its transcriptional activities. Endometrial BMAL1 expression levels are lower in human recurrent-miscarriage sufferers. Additionally, it was shown that the presence of BMAL1-depleted decidual cells prevents trophoblast invasion, highlighting the importance of the endometrial clock throughout pregnancy. It is widely known that hormone synthesis is disturbed and sterility develops in Bmal1-deficient mice. Recently, we discovered that animals with uterus-specific Bmal1 loss also had poor placental development, and these mice also had intrauterine fetal death. Furthermore, it was shown that time-restricted feeding controlled the uterine clock's circadian rhythm. The uterine clock system may be a possibility for pregnancy complications, according to these results. We summarize the most recent research on the close connection between the circadian clock and reproduction in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3342-6111
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Social Work and Life Design, Kyoto Notre Dame University, Kyoto 606-0848, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunari Mizumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Natsumi Toyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Advanced Science Research Center, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naomi Sekizuka-Kagami
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Maida
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Naoaki Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Storey HM, Austin J, Davies-White NL, Ransley DG, Hodkinson PD. Navigating Pregnancy for Employees in Civilian Rotary-Wing Aeromedicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:866-876. [PMID: 36757253 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6115.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Women of child-bearing age make up an ever-increasing element of the aeromedical workforce in Australia and the UK. However, policy relating to the management of risk for pregnant employees in this sector is often missing or inadequate, with many women facing detrimental impacts on their career progression and financial well-being. For women who choose to continue flying, there is a lack of transparent guidance about the risks of flying within a helicopter in an aeromedical role. While grounding pregnant employees removes some risks, it is at the cost of autonomy and brings other adverse effects for the employee and employer. Updated reflections on this important topic will empower the audience to make informed discussions around pregnancy in aeromedical roles.TOPIC: Applying principles from literature surrounding commercial, military, and medical aviation, the risks to pregnant employees and the fetus are reviewed. These risks are complex and dynamic depending on gestation and underlying medical problems; thus, individualization of risk management is of key importance. In low-risk pregnancies, incapacitation risk is below the usual threshold adopted for safety-sensitive aviation activities. Based on available evidence we have quantified risks where possible and provide guidance on the relevant factors to consider in creating a holistic risk-management framework. The greatest unknown surrounds the risk from vibration, noise, and winching. These are reviewed and suggestions given for discussing this risk. We also highlight the need for policy providing acceptable nonflying options to remove the pressure to continue flying in pregnancy.APPLICATION: Based on a literature review we have generated a framework for understanding and assessing risk relating to pregnant employees in the aeromedical sector. This is intended for use by aeromedical organizations, pregnant employees, and their treating medical practitioners to provide rational and sensible policy and guidance.Storey HM, Austin J, Davies-White NL, Ransley DG, Hodkinson PD. Navigating pregnancy for employees in civilian rotary-wing aeromedicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(12):866-876.
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The role of ovarian hormones in the pathophysiology of perimenopausal sleep disturbances: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 66:101710. [PMID: 36356400 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a common clinical concern throughout the menopausal transition. However, the pathophysiology and causes of these sleep disturbances remain poorly understood, making it challenging to provide appropriate therapy. Our goal was to i) review the literature about the influence of ovarian hormones on sleep in perimenopausal women, ii) summarize the potential underlying pathophysiology of menopausal sleep disturbances and iii) evaluate the implications of these findings for the therapeutic approach to sleep disturbances in the context of menopause. A systematic literature search using the databases Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted. Keywords relating to ovarian hormones, sleep disturbances and menopause were used. Ultimately, 86 studies were included. Study Quality Assessment Tools of the National Institutes of Health were used for quality assessment. Results from good-quality studies demonstrated that the postmenopausal decline in estrogen and progesterone contributes to sleep disturbances in women and that timely treatment with estrogen and/or progesterone therapy improved overall sleep quality. Direct and indirect effects of both hormones acting in the central nervous system and periphery, as well as via secondary effects (e.g. reduction in vasomotor symptoms), can contribute to improvements in sleep. To strengthen external validity, studies examining neurobiological pathways are needed.
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The Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Activity of Oxidative Stress Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214275. [PMID: 36430753 PMCID: PMC9697911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system synchronizes daily with the day-night cycle of our environment. Disruption of this rhythm impacts the emergence and development of many diseases caused, for example, by the overproduction of free radicals, leading to oxidative damage of cellular components. The goal of this study was to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (R-GSSG), and the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the circadian rhythm. The study group comprised 66 healthy volunteers (20-50 years; 33 women; 33 men). The blood was collected at 2, 8 a.m., and 2, 8 p.m. All samples marked the serum melatonin concentration to confirm the correct sleeping rhythm and wakefulness throughout the day. The activity of study enzymes and the concentration of GSH were measured by the spectrophotometric method. Confirmed the existence of circadian regulation of oxidative stress enzymes except for GST activity. The peak of activity of study enzymes and GSH concentration was observed at 2 a.m. The increased activity of enzymes and the increase in GSH concentration observed at night indicate that during sleep, processes allowing to maintain of the redox balance are intensified, thus limiting the formation of oxidative stress.
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Castelli L, Walzik D, Joisten N, Watson M, Montaruli A, Oberste M, Roveda E, Zimmer P. Effect of sleep and fatigue on cardiovascular performance in young, healthy subjects. Physiol Behav 2022; 256:113963. [PMID: 36108801 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical performance could be negatively affected by sleep deficiency and fatigue. The present study assesses the role of sleep quality, fatigue and motivation on cardiovascular performance (VO2peak, Wmax, and HRmax) in a sample of active young subjects. The current study is a cross-sectional design. Ninety-six university students (males 54.2%; 21.5 ± 2.9 yrs) completed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Sleep, fatigue, and motivation were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and two visual analogue scales, respectively. Differences in VO2peak, Wmax, HRmax, self-perceived fatigue and motivation were compared between good and bad sleepers and sleep duration >/<7.5 h, while regression analysis defined the predictors of VO2peak, Wmax, and HRmax. In the male sample, good and bad sleepers' differences were significant only for self-perceived fatigue (p = 0.04). The female sample showed no statistically significant differences between good and bad sleepers and different sleep durations. In the male sample, linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between Wmax and the PSQI score (-0.4, p = 0.004). The stepwise regression model indicated that sleep (β = -0.3, p = 0.02) was a significant predictor of VO2peak in males accounting for 20% of the variance, whereas physical performance seems more affected by fatigue (β = -0.4, p = 0.03) in females. In conclusion, chronic inadequate and self-reported sleep quality seems to be one of the factors compromising cardiovascular performance in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - David Walzik
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthew Watson
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Max Oberste
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University Otto‑Hahn‑Straße, 344227 Dortmund, Germany.
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Yousefzadehfard Y, Wechsler B, DeLorenzo C. Human circadian rhythm studies: Practical guidelines for inclusion/exclusion criteria and protocol. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 13:100080. [PMID: 35989718 PMCID: PMC9382328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As interest in circadian rhythms and their effects continues to grow, there is an increasing need to perform circadian studies in humans. Although the constant routine is the gold standard for these studies, there are advantages to performing more naturalistic studies. Here, a review of protocols for such studies is provided along with sample inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sleep routines, drug use, shift work, and menstrual cycle are addressed as screening considerations. Regarding protocol, best practices for measuring melatonin, including light settings, posture, exercise, and dietary habits are described. The inclusion/exclusion recommendations and protocol guidelines are intended to reduce confounding variables in studies that do not involve the constant routine. Given practical limitations, a range of recommendations is provided from stringent to lenient. The scientific rationale behind these recommendations is discussed. However, where the science is equivocal, recommendations are based on empirical decisions made in previous studies. While not all of the recommendations listed may be practical in all research settings and with limited potential participants, the goal is to allow investigators to make well informed decisions about their screening procedures and protocol techniques and to improve rigor and reproducibility, in line with the objectives of the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Yousefzadehfard
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Midland, TX, USA
| | - Bennett Wechsler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Center for Understanding Biology Using Imaging Technology, Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kim M, Kim JH, Jung YW, Seong SJ, Kim SY, Yoon HJ, Lee SS, Kim HJ, Ku BS, Cho HY. Gynecologic problems and healthcare behavior by shift patterns in Korean nursing staff. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276282. [PMID: 36318530 PMCID: PMC9624425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of shift patterns at work on gynecologic problems and the healthcare behavior of Korean nursing staff. We conducted a web-based survey for over two weeks in September 2021, involving female nursing staff, including nurses, nurses' aides, and nursing assistants, working in five medical centers. The questionnaire included 40 questions on baseline characteristics, working information, and experiences with gynecologic problems and medical approaches. Overall, 885 nursing staffs participated in the survey, of the 1,904 who received the invitation with an online link of the survey. The response rate was 46.5%. Among the participants responding to all questions, 569 (64.4%) worked two or three shifts and 305 (34.5%) worked full-time. In women rotating two or three-shift patterns, irregular menstrual cycles (21.6% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.005), abnormal menstrual cycles (40.9% vs. 33.8%, p = 0.038), and dysmenorrhea (48.0% vs. 38.4%, p = 0.006) were more frequent than in those who worked full-time. The experience of visiting gynecologic clinics (47.5% vs. 44.1%, p = 0.332) and treating gynecologic conditions (33.4% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.211) did not differ according to the working patterns. However, diagnosis of gynecologic diseases was more frequent in women working full-time (36.4% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.043). The rates of screening (76.1% vs. 57.8%, p<0.001) and human papillomavirus vaccination (55.7% vs. 39.9%, p<0.001) for cervical cancer prevention were higher in women working full-time than in two-three shifts. This study showed that rotating shift work may be related to an increase in gynecologic problems and a decrease in cancer prevention activity among female nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HM Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yong Wook Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Ju Seong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-young Kim
- Department of Nursing, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Ja Yoon
- Department of Nursing, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-shin Lee
- Department of Nursing, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Boon-sun Ku
- Department of Nursing, CHA Gumi Medical Center, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hwa-yeon Cho
- Department of Nursing, CHA Seoul Fertility Center, Seoul, Korea
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Vietheer A, Kiserud T, Haaland ØA, Lie RT, Kessler J. Effect of maternal sleep on embryonic development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17099. [PMID: 36224237 PMCID: PMC9556600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of developmental origin of health and disease has ignited a search for mechanisms and health factors influencing normal intrauterine development. Sleep is a basic health factor with substantial individual variation, but its implication for early prenatal development remains unclear. During the embryonic period, the yolk sac is involved in embryonic nutrition, growth, hematopoiesis, and likely in fetal programming. Maternal body measures seem to influence its size in human female embryos. In this prospective, longitudinal observational study of 190 healthy women recruited before natural conception, we assessed the effect of prepregnant sleep duration (actigraphy) on the fetal crown-rump-length (CRL) and yolk sac size (ultrasound). All women gave birth to a live child. The prepregnancy daily sleep duration had an effect on the male yolk sac and CRL at the earliest measurement only (7 weeks). I.e., the yolk sac diameter decreased with increasing sleep duration (0.22 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [0.35-0.09], P < 0.01), and CRL increased (0.92 mm·h-1d-1, 95%CI [1.77-0.08], P = 0.03). Since there was no association at the second measurement (10 weeks), and in the group of female fetuses at any measure point, we suggest a sex- and time-dependent embryonic adaptation to sleep generated differences in the intrauterine environment in normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vietheer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Torvid Kiserud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Rolv Terje Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jörg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 72, 5053, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Neonatal Research Group Western Norway, Maternal Fetal, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Tayyaba Rehan S, Imran L, Mansoor H, Sayyeda Q, Hussain HU, Cheema MS, Tahir MJ, Asghar MS, Mahmmoud Fadelallah Eljack M, Islam MS. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pandemic on menstrual health of women: A systematic review. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e881. [PMID: 36248348 PMCID: PMC9547349 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The menstrual cycle in women is the main indicator of their reproductive health which is affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review aims to summarize the effects of the COVID-19 infection and the global pandemic on the menstrual health of women. Methods The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar using keywords "COVID-19," "Menstrual Cycle," "Menstrual Cycle Irregularities," "Amenorrhea," "Polymenorrhea," and "Dysmenorrhea." The articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: (i) cross-sectional studies, (ii) cohort studies, (iii) surveys, and (iv) other observational studies observing the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 pandemic on menstrual health of women. Exclusion criteria included: case reports, gray literature, and website articles regarding menstrual health. Results A total of 30,510 articles were shortlisted after a comprehensive search. Sixteen articles were included out of which 13 studies investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the menstrual cycle while 3 evaluated the possible effects of COVID-19 infection on the menstrual health of women. Menstrual disorders or irregularities were a more common finding during the pandemic as compared to before (p = 0.008). Women affected by pandemic-related stress were more prone to changes in the duration of their menses (p = 0.0008), reported heavier bleeding (p = 0.028), and increased incidence of painful periods (p < 0.0001). COVID-19 infected women also reported changes in their menstrual cycle including irregular menstruation, increased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and infrequent menstruation. Conclusions Women suffering from COVID-19 infection or pandemic-associated stress and anxiety were more likely to experience irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and other menstrual abnormalities compared to those who were less exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laiba Imran
- Department of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Hussain Mansoor
- Department of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | - Qudsia Sayyeda
- Department of MedicineRed Crescent of Tampa BayTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Hassan ul Hussain
- Department of MedicineDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Sohaib Asghar
- Department of Internal MedicineDow University of Health Sciences–Ojha CampusKarachiPakistan,Division of Nephrology and HypertensionMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and InformaticsJahangirnagar UniversitySavarDhakaBangladesh,Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public HealthSavarDhakaBangladesh
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Vannuccini S, Jain V, Critchley H, Petraglia F. From menarche to menopause, heavy menstrual bleeding is the underrated compass in reproductive health. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:625-636. [PMID: 36075746 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Menstruation is defined as monthly uterine bleeding, regarded as a sign of reproductive health. When characterized by excessive bleeding (heavy menstrual bleeding [HMB]), it may act as a useful clinical marker for diagnosis of reproductive diseases. Endometrial and myometrial mechanisms underlying abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), which includes HMB, have hormonal, cellular, and molecular aspects. Structural and nonstructural causes of AUB, presenting with HMB as the major symptom, result in iron depletion and consequent anemia. Heavy menstrual bleeding can be considered as a single entity to identify the possible underlying causes, which may be different to some extent to those of AUB, as a whole. Furthermore, the difficulties in defining HMB through objective methods do not allow the current epidemiological scenario on the prevalence of the symptom among reproductive-age women to be outlined. Moreover, the introduction of new diagnostic methods, including imaging technologies, entails a revision of the available figures on HMB in different age groups from menarche to menopause. In addition, a proper diagnostic algorithm for HMB should be implemented to adapt recommendations for clinical investigation when HMB is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vannuccini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Varsha Jain
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Hilary Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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45
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Brinkerhoff SA, Mathew GM, Murrah WM, Chang AM, Roper JA, Neely KA. Sleep restriction impairs visually and memory-guided force control. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274121. [PMID: 36054227 PMCID: PMC9439228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss is a common phenomenon with consequences to physical and mental health. While the effects of sleep restriction on working memory are well documented, it is unknown how sleep restriction affects continuous force control. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sleep restriction on visually and memory-guided force production magnitude and variability. We hypothesized that both visually and memory-guided force production would be impaired after sleep restriction. Fourteen men participated in an eleven-day inpatient sleep study and completed a grip force task after two nights of ten hours’ time in bed (baseline); four nights of five hours’ time in bed (sleep restriction); and one night of ten hours’ time in bed (recovery). The force task entailed four 20-second trials of isometric force production with the thumb and index finger targeting 25% of the participant’s maximum voluntary contraction. During visually guided trials, participants had continuous visual feedback of their force production. During memory-guided trials, visual feedback was removed for the last 12 seconds of each trial. During both conditions, participants were told to maintain the target force production. After sleep restriction, participants decreased the magnitude of visually guided, but not memory-guided, force production, suggesting that visual attention tasks are more affected by sleep loss than memory-guided tasks. Participants who reported feeling more alert after sleep restriction and recovery sleep produced higher force during memory-guided, but not visually guided, force production, suggesting that the perception of decreased alertness may lead to more attention to the task during memory-guided visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Brinkerhoff
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gina M. Mathew
- Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - William M. Murrah
- Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jaimie A. Roper
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kristina A. Neely
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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46
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Arthaud S, Villalba M, Blondet C, Morel AL, Peyron C. Effects of sex and estrous cycle on sleep and cataplexy in narcoleptic mice. Sleep 2022; 45:6569391. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare neurology disorder caused by the loss of orexin/hypocretin neurons. NT1 is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep and wake fragmentation, and cataplexy. These symptoms have been equally described in both women and men, although influences of gender and hormonal cycles have been poorly studied. Unfortunately, most studies with NT1 preclinical mouse models, use only male mice to limit potential variations due to the hormonal cycle. Therefore, whether gender and/or hormonal cycles impact the expression of narcoleptic symptoms remains to be determined. To address this question, we analyzed vigilance states and cataplexy in 20 female and 17 male adult orexin knock-out narcoleptic mice, with half of the females being recorded over multiple days. Mice had access to chocolate to encourage the occurrence of cataplectic episodes. A vaginal smear was performed daily in female mice to establish the state of the estrous cycle (EC) of the previous recorded night. We found that vigilance states were more fragmented in males than females, and that females had less paradoxical sleep (p = 0.0315) but more cataplexy (p = 0.0375). Interestingly, sleep and wake features were unchanged across the female EC, but the total amount of cataplexy was doubled during estrus compared to other stages of the cycle (p = 0.001), due to a large increase in the number of cataplexy episodes (p = 0.0002). Altogether these data highlight sex differences in the expression of narcolepsy symptoms in orexin knock-out mice. Notably, cataplexy occurrence was greatly influenced by estrous cycle. Whether it is due to hormonal changes would need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Arthaud
- Center for Research in Neuroscience of Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier—Bâtiment 462—Neurocampus Michel Jouvet , Bron Cedex , France
- University Lyon1 , Lyon , France
| | - Manon Villalba
- Center for Research in Neuroscience of Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier—Bâtiment 462—Neurocampus Michel Jouvet , Bron Cedex , France
- University Lyon1 , Lyon , France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Morel
- Center for Research in Neuroscience of Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier—Bâtiment 462—Neurocampus Michel Jouvet , Bron Cedex , France
- University Lyon1 , Lyon , France
| | - Christelle Peyron
- Center for Research in Neuroscience of Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier—Bâtiment 462—Neurocampus Michel Jouvet , Bron Cedex , France
- University Lyon1 , Lyon , France
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47
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Smeltzer EA, Stead SM, Li MF, Samson D, Kumpan LT, Teichroeb JA. Social sleepers: The effects of social status on sleep in terrestrial mammals. Horm Behav 2022; 143:105181. [PMID: 35594742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social status among group-living mammals can impact access to resources, such as water, food, social support, and mating opportunities, and this differential access to resources can have fitness consequences. Here, we propose that an animal's social status impacts their access to sleep opportunities, as social status may predict when an animal sleeps, where they sleep, who they sleep with, and how well they sleep. Our review of terrestrial mammals examines how sleep architecture and intensity may be impacted by (1) sleeping conditions and (2) the social experience during wakefulness. Sleeping positions vary in thermoregulatory properties, protection from predators, and exposure to parasites. Thus, if dominant individuals have priority of access to sleeping positions, they may benefit from higher quality sleeping conditions and, in turn, better sleep. With respect to waking experiences, we discuss the impacts of stress on sleep, as it has been established that specific social statuses can be characterized by stress-related physiological profiles. While much research has focused on how dominance hierarchies impact access to resources like food and mating opportunities, differential access to sleep opportunities among mammals has been largely ignored despite its potential fitness consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Smeltzer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - S M Stead
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - M F Li
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
| | - D Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - L T Kumpan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J A Teichroeb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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48
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Roberts SSH, Main LC, Condo D, Carr A, Jardine W, Urwin C, Convit L, Rahman SS, Snipe RMJ. Sex differences among endurance athletes in the pre-race relationships between sleep, and perceived stress and recovery. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1542-1551. [PMID: 35767576 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sex differences among endurance athletes in pre-race relationships between sleep, and perceived stress and recovery. Thirty-six athletes completed the Short Recovery and Stress Scale, and had sleep monitored via actigraphy, over four consecutive days prior to an ultra-marathon. Overall, compared with males, females had shorter wake after sleep onset (mean ± SD, 50 ± 23 vs 65 ± 23 min, p = .04) and lower emotional balance (3.9 ± 1.1 vs 4.8 ± 1.1 arbitrary units, p = .001). The day before the race, females scored higher for all stress-related items (p < 0.05). Among females, higher scores for emotional balance (β = -31 min, p = .01) and negative emotional state (β = -21 min, p < .001) were associated with reduced sleep duration. Among males, higher scores for overall stress were associated with increased sleep duration (β = 22 min, p = .01). Across all athletes, longer sleep duration was associated with improved overall recovery (β = 0.003 arbitrary units, p = .02). Females experienced greater pre-race stress than males, and their sleep duration was associated with emotional factors. The SRSS may help identify female athletes at risk of sleep difficulties prior to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer S H Roberts
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Dominique Condo
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Amelia Carr
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - William Jardine
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Charles Urwin
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lilia Convit
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Shant S Rahman
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Rhiannon M J Snipe
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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49
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Roenneberg T, Foster RG, Klerman EB. The circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance: a conceptual review. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13621. [PMID: 35670313 PMCID: PMC9352354 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The field of "circadian medicine" is a recent addition to chronobiology and sleep research efforts. It represents a logical step arising from the increasing insights into the circadian system and its interactions with life in urbanised societies; applying these insights to the health/disease balance at home and in the medical practice (outpatient) and clinic (inpatient). Despite its fast expansion and proliferating research efforts, circadian medicine lacks a formal framework to categorise the many observations describing interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance. A good framework allows us to categorise observations and then assign them to one or more components with hypothesised interactions. Such assignments can lead to experiments that document causal (rather than correlational) relationships and move from describing observations to discovering mechanisms. This review details such a proposed formal framework for circadian medicine and will hopefully trigger discussion among our colleagues, so that the framework can be improved and expanded. As the basis of the framework for circadian medicine, we define "circadian health" and how it links to general health. We then define interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance and put the framework into the context of the literature with examples from six domains of health/disease balance: fertility, cancer, immune system, mental health, cardiovascular, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Beh SF, Lee SKM, Bin YS, Cheung JMY. Travelers' perceptions of jetlag and travel fatigue: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1037-1057. [PMID: 35587565 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2072224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Effective management strategies for jetlag have largely been studied and evaluated through the lens of circadian science and biological rhythms. Jetlag is mostly self-managed by the individual. The most effective strategies require individuals to make behavioral changes to carefully alter sleep-wake schedules and time light exposure. However, travelers' perceptions, including their experiences, beliefs about jetlag/travel fatigue, and management expectations remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to systematically synthesize the literature to understand what is currently known about travelers' perceptions of jetlag and travel fatigue. A literature search was conducted through EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus generating 1164 results (2 articles known to authors), which were screened against our inclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies including data from 3952 participants were evaluated for its study design and traveler-centered outcome measures across the domains of: 1) Traveler Health Beliefs and Knowledge about Jetlag and Travel Fatigue; 2) Experience of Jetlag and Travel Fatigue 3) Traveler Priorities; 4) Self-reported Management Strategies for Jetlag and Travel Fatigue; and 5) User Experiences of Management Strategies. Synthesis of results suggests a potential mismatch between researchers' focus on circadian misalignment and travelers' focus on air travel comfort. A better understanding of the beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, satisfaction, experiences, and expectations about jetlag and travel fatigue will better enable the development of interventions that align with traveler priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Fern Beh
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha K M Lee
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yu Sun Bin
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janet M Y Cheung
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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