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Louey J, He J, Partridge SR, Allman-Farinelli M. Facilitators and barriers to healthful eating among adolescents in high-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review. Obes Rev 2024:e13813. [PMID: 39147385 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent obesity continues to be a public health challenge with poor quality diets contributing to its etiology. As part of the process to plan health promotion and policy interventions, understanding adolescents perceived facilitators and barriers to healthful eating is important. An integrative convergent mixed-methods systematic review was used to synthesize qualitative and quantitative evidence from studies among adolescents aged 10-19 years in high-income countries. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2023 and exploring adolescents' perspectives on healthful eating and contemporary contextual factors. Transformed quantitative data were integrated with qualitative data. Text was coded into subthemes and themes using an inductive approach. Key facilitators included health and physical appearance; motivation; taste; nutrition knowledge, awareness, and skills; nutrition education access; availability and accessibility of healthful foods; family; and social influences and digital media. Key barriers included taste and cravings for unhealthful foods; mood; lack of motivation, awareness, knowledge, and skills; high availability and low cost of unhealthful foods; peers and social influences; ineffective school policies; high density of fast-food outlets; unhealthful food advertising; digital influences; and time constraints. Social, behavioral, digital, and food environmental factors should be considered from an adolescent perspective in the design of education, health promotion, and policy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Louey
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jingju He
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Partridge
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Ghimire L, Ashorn U. Exploring Adolescent girls' Food-Talk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A Qualitative Study. Ecol Food Nutr 2024; 63:20-36. [PMID: 37936277 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2023.2274528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze how adolescent girls residing in Kathmandu valley, Nepal, talk about food within the context of their everyday experiences. We conducted 10 in-depth and four focus group interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis based on the constructivist paradigm was used to organize the interviews. The Utilitarian domain contained health statements using biomedical language and lay theories on health. Hedonic talk emphasized the taste of food, but notions about enjoyment were limited. Collective talk constructed an ideal family. In agency talk, the interviewees described their active role in achieving a slim body. Participants were not concerned about food insecurity but about eating too much.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Lazzeri MFL, Mastorci F, Piaggi P, Doveri C, Marinaro I, Trivellini G, Casu A, Devine C, Ait-Ali L, Vassalle C, Pingitore A. A Close Association between Body Weight, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Italian High School Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:5107. [PMID: 38140366 PMCID: PMC10745845 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents experience rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth with different factors contributing to health and well-being. In this view, an important role is played by body weight and related perceptions. The purpose was to determine, in a sample of Italian high school students, whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the different weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese), even considering sex differences. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected from 1826 adolescents (n = 735 males). HRQOL was analyzed using the Italian version of KIDSCREEN-52. RESULTS Overweight adolescents showed reductions in psychological well-being (p < 0.05) and self-perception (p < 0.05) compared with individuals in other BMI categories. Subjects with obesity reported increased bullying victimization (p < 0.05) and reductions in self-perception and eating disorders (p < 0.001), while underweight individuals were characterized by altered adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.001), eating disorders (p < 0.001), and problematic use of social media (p < 0.05). No sex differences were found, except for socio-economic status perceptions, where underweight girls reported higher economic well-being than boys (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings may suggest that there is an association between weight status categories and HRQoL that is more pronounced in underweight and overweight adolescents. The association between BMI categories and psychosocial dimensions opens the need to define specific domains on which such preventive interventions should focus, always through a personalized perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Lodovica Lazzeri
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Francesca Mastorci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Doveri
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Irene Marinaro
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Gabriele Trivellini
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Anselmo Casu
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Caleb Devine
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | - Lamia Ait-Ali
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Clinical Physiology Institute, CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.L.L.); (C.D.); (I.M.); (G.T.); (A.C.); (C.D.); (L.A.-A.); (A.P.)
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Cockerham WC. Health Lifestyle Theory in a Changing Society: The Rise of Infectious Diseases and Digitalization. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:437-451. [PMID: 36912383 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231155609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social change produces alterations in society that necessitate changes in sociological theories. Two significant changes affecting health lifestyle theory are the behaviors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the digitalization of society. The health-protective practices emerging from the ongoing pandemic and the recent parade of other newly emerging infectious diseases need to be included in the theory's framework. Moreover, the extensive digitalization of today's society leads to the addition of connectivities (electronic networks) as a structural variable. Connectivities serve as a computational authority influencing health lifestyle practices through health apps and other digital resources in contrast to collectivities (human social networks) as a normative authority. The recent literature supporting these features in an updated and expanded model of health lifestyle theory is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Cockerham
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
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Shaw S, Muir S, Strömmer S, Crozier S, Cooper C, Smith D, Barker M, Vogel C. The interplay between social and food environments on UK adolescents' food choices: implications for policy. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad097. [PMID: 37647523 PMCID: PMC10468012 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors from social and food environments can influence the food choices of adolescents in ways not experienced during childhood. Evidence suggests these two environments influence adolescents' food choices independently, but there is limited knowledge of how the interplay between these environments influence adolescents' diets. An enhanced understanding of this interplay surrounding adolescent food choice could aid the development of more nuanced interventions and policies. This qualitative study involved 13 online focus groups with adolescents (n = 45) aged 11-18 years, attending secondary school or college in England, UK. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Social experiences which accompanied eating were perceived as more important than the food itself, and fast-food outlets were described as uniquely suited to facilitating these interactions. Young people wanted to spend their money on foods they considered worthwhile, but this did not always relate to the most affordable foods. Adolescents wanted to put little effort into making food decisions and appreciated factors that helped them make quick decisions such as prominent placement and eye-catching promotions on foods they wanted to buy. Chain food outlets were valued as they offered familiar and frequently advertised foods, which minimized the effort needed for food decisions. Adolescents' sense of autonomy underpinned all themes. Participants described having limited opportunities to make their own food choices and they did not want to waste these buying unappealing 'healthy' foods. Interventions and government policies should align with adolescents' experiences and values relating to food choice to ensure that they are effective with this important age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shaw
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah Muir
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sofia Strömmer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre, 2 Venture Road, Chilworth, Southampton SO16 7NP, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Dianna Smith
- Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mary Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christina Vogel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Innovation Centre, 2 Venture Road, Chilworth, Southampton SO16 7NP, UK
- Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
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6
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Bayes J, Schloss J, Sibbritt D. A Mediterranean diet intervention for young men with depression: patient experiences, challenges and benefits (the "AMMEND study") - A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:159-164. [PMID: 36657908 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has highlighted the beneficial effects of following a Mediterranean diet (MD) for depression. Unfortunately, adherence to specific diets presents many challenges and while previous research has aimed to understand these challenges, the focus has primarily been on weight-loss interventions in patients with obesity or cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences and challenges expressed by young men with clinical depression who completed a 12-week Mediterranean diet intervention. METHODS An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 36 young Australian men aged between 18 and 25 with diagnosed depression who participated in the Mediterranean Diet arm of the Mediterranean Diet for Men with Depression (AMMEND) study. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for each variable with results reported as percentages and frequencies. RESULTS Positive aspects highlighted by participants included enjoying the taste of foods, being highly motivated to continue with the diet and a perceived benefit to their depressive symptoms. The main challenges included increased cost and time commitment, and the negative attitudes of their friends and family towards the diet. CONCLUSION We recommend that the influence of friends and family attitudes towards the diet and the impact this has on following a Mediterranean diet in young men be explored further, as this posed a challenge for many of our participants. These results may assist clinicians when promoting a Mediterranean diet to this specific demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bayes
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 35 Jones Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Janet Schloss
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 35 Jones Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
| | - David Sibbritt
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 35 Jones Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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7
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Christensen BJ, Bestle SMS, Trolle E, Biltoft-Jensen AP, Matthiessen J, Lassen AD. A Qualitative Evaluation of Social Aspects of Sugar-Rich Food and Drink Intake and Parental Strategies for Reductions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11647. [PMID: 36141910 PMCID: PMC9517337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Danish children have a much larger intake of sugar-rich foods and drinks than recommended. This study aimed to (1) explore social aspects and practices of pre-school children's intake of sugar-rich foods and drinks and (2) evaluate barriers and parental strategies to reduce their children's intake of sugar-rich foods and drinks employed in connection with the 3.5-month family-centred intervention trial 'Are you too sweet?'. Intervention components included communication of the recommended maximum intake and reduction strategies, supported by resources encouraging and facilitating behavioural changes. A random sample of families (n = 24) from intervention schools participated in post-intervention semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis was conducted, revealing three main domains of social practices: (1) 'family treats', including the weekly Danish concept 'Friday sweets', (2) 'everyday treats', such as sweet snacks in lunch packs, between-meals snacks and soft drink habits and (3) 'socialized treats', including treats at special occasions. Parents employed several strategies, most often substitution and portion-size reduction, but also limiting home availability. Families most frequently made changes that were easily adoptable and close to existing routines at home. In conclusion, the intervention components provided families with knowledge and strategies that facilitated behavioural changes towards reducing the intake of sugar-rich foods and drinks.
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8
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Jones CP, Armstrong-Moore R, Penney TL, Cummins S, Armitage S, Adams J, White M. Adolescents' perspectives on soft drinks after the introduction of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy: A focus group study using reflexive thematic analysis. Appetite 2022; 179:106305. [PMID: 36089123 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL), announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018, is a fiscal policy to incentivise reformulation of eligible soft drinks. We aimed to explore perceptions of sugar, sugary drinks and the SDIL among adolescents in the UK post-implementation. METHODS 23 adolescents aged 11-14 years participated in four focus groups in 2018-2019. A semi-structured topic guide elicited relevant perspectives and included a group task to rank a selection of UK soft drinks based on their sugar content. Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis was used to undertake inductive analysis. RESULTS Four main themes were present: 1) Sweetened drinks are bad for you, but some are worse than others; 2) Awareness of the SDIL and ambivalence towards it 3) The influence of drinks marketing: value, pricing, and branding; 4) Openness to population-level interventions. Young people had knowledge of the health implications of excess sugar consumption, which did not always translate to their own consumption. Ambivalence and a mixed awareness surrounding the SDIL was also present. Marketing and parental and school restriction influenced their consumption patterns, as did taste, enjoyment and consuming drinks for functional purposes (e.g., to give them energy). Openness to future population-level interventions to limit consumption was also present. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that adolescents are accepting of interventions that require little effort from young people in order to reduce their sugar consumption. Further education-based interventions are likely to be unhelpful, in contexts where adolescents understand the negative consequences of excess sugar and SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin P Jones
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Tarra L Penney
- Global Food System and Policy Research, School of Global Health, Faculty of Health, York University, Canada
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sofie Armitage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Adams
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Whiting EF, Hinton AE, Jensen B. Loving lunch in junior high: Lunchtime activities and a sense of belonging in school. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2973-2992. [PMID: 35112377 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore student lunchtime experiences as they relate to student sense of belonging. We use SPSS Two-Step cluster analysis and logistic regression of data from a schoolwide survey (n = 830) in the United States. Stepwise modeling is used to determine the importance of clusters representing lunchtime activity preferences and love of lunch on belonging scores. Loving lunch significantly positively affects school belonging. Students naturally group into five distinct different activity profiles based on lunchtime preferences. These profiles are significantly related to a sense of belonging. Being active with peers during lunch was most strongly correlated with sense of belonging. Lunchtime warrants more attention for fostering a sense of belonging in the school community. Broadening lunchtime activity options, especially in schools where there are few available ways for socializing and being active, has the potential to support the diverse needs of students and increase belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E Hinton
- Department of Teacher Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Bryant Jensen
- Department of Teacher Education, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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10
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McAlpin N, Elaiho CR, Khan F, Cruceta C, Goytia C, Vangeepuram N. Use of Focus Groups to Inform a New Community-Based Youth Diabetes Prevention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9655. [PMID: 35955010 PMCID: PMC9368486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There have been few youth-led diabetes prevention programs. Our objective was to conduct focus groups to explore peer influences on adolescent lifestyle behaviors and strategies for implementing a youth peer education model for diabetes prevention. We conducted six focus groups with 52 youth (ages 13-22; 62% male, 38% female; 64% Hispanic, 36% non-Hispanic Black) from East Harlem, NYC. We used a Thematic Analysis approach to identify major themes, compared findings, and resolved differences through discussion and consensus. Three dominant themes arose: (1) Adolescents generally encounter more unhealthy peer influences on diet and more healthy peer influences on physical activity; (2) Adolescents endorse youth-led diabetes prevention strategies and describe ideal qualities for peer leaders and methods to support and evaluate leaders; (3) Adolescents prefer text messaging to monitor behaviors, track goals, and receive personalized guidance. Using study findings, our Community Action Board developed a peer-led diabetes prevention program for prediabetic adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngina McAlpin
- Teen HEED Intern, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cordelia R. Elaiho
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Farrah Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cristina Cruceta
- Teen HEED Community Action Board, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Crispin Goytia
- Teen HEED Community Action Board, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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11
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Ryan D, Holmes M, Ensaff H. Adolescents' dietary behaviour: The interplay between home and school food environments. Appetite 2022; 175:106056. [PMID: 35447162 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the UK, school food standards have looked to improve the nutritional profile of school food provision and the choices made; however, adolescents' choices tend to bias towards micronutrient poor and energy dense options. This study aimed to explore how adolescents make their school food choices, along with how they engage with their environments whilst selecting food. Seven focus group interviews took place with adolescents (n = 28; 13-14 years) in a secondary school in Northern England. Discussions with participants were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Six themes emerged from the data: (1) parents' and adolescents' roles in the home food environment, (2) burgeoning food autonomy, (3) school food choice factors, (4) social aspects of school food, (5) home versus school, (6) food knowledge & beliefs. Adolescents identified two distinct environments during the focus group discussions: the home and school environments. Adolescents juxtaposed the two, in terms of food provision, food choices, rules and customs surrounding food choice. This juxtaposition emerged as an indirect but important influence on adolescents' school food choices. The school and home environments both (in)directly influence adolescents' school food choices, which involve an integration of multiple, often conflicting influences. Adolescents may adopt a number of unhelpful dietary rationalisations as they try to manage and reconcile these influences. Consultation, together with consideration of relevant food choice models, is required to identify opportunities to influence adolescents' food choices at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M Holmes
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - H Ensaff
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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12
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Joseph PL. Managing health in inequitable contexts: Health capacities as integral to life course health development. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:145-168. [PMID: 35653299 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Health behavior models are widely used in prevention research with children and adolescents; yet, many of these models were developed based on adult experiences and fail to consider the development of health constructs. The concept of health capacity development is a theoretical model of how health capacities, the health-related developmental sociocultural resources individuals use to regulate their coactions with their environments to sustain health, develop. Health capacities are formed through person-environment transactions and thus, are informed by, and help individuals manage, the opportunities and constraints situated in their environments. The extent to which health capacities support long-term adaptive health development varies; yet, health capacities may be leveraged for adaptative functioning. Grounded in the Life Course Health Development (LCHD) framework and the principles of Relational Developmental Systems (RDS) metatheory, the development of three health capacities, their role in managing person-environment coactions, and their potential for facilitating displays of resilient functioning in inequitable contexts are described. Implications of the model, its limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrece L Joseph
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Yi S, Kanetkar V, Brauer P. Customer support for nudge strategies to promote fruit and vegetable intake in a university food service. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:706. [PMID: 35399080 PMCID: PMC8994925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diverse nudges, also known as choice architectural techniques, have been found to increase fruit and vegetable (FV) selection in both lab and field studies. Such strategies are unlikely to be adopted in mass eating settings without clear evidence of customer support; confirmation in specific contexts is needed. Inspired by the Taxonomy of Choice Architecture, we assessed support for eight types of nudging to increase the choice of FV-rich foods in a university food service. We also explored whether and to what extent nudge support was associated with perceived effectiveness and intrusiveness. Methods An online survey was conducted with students who used on-campus cafeterias. Multiple recruitment methods were used. Participants were given 20 specific scenarios for increasing FV selection and asked about their personal support for each nudge, as well as perceived intrusiveness and effectiveness. General beliefs about healthy eating and nudging were also measured. Results were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA for the 8 nudge types. Results All nudge scenarios achieved overall favourable ratings, with significant differences among different types of nudging by the 298 respondents. Changing range of options (type B3) and changing option-related consequences (type B4) received the highest support, followed by changing option-related effort (type B2) and making information visible (type A2). Translating information (type A1), changing defaults (type B1) and providing reminders or facilitating commitment (type C) were less popular types of nudging. Providing social reference points (type A3) was least supported. Support for nudge types was positively associated with the belief that food services have a role in promoting healthy eating, perceived importance of FV intake, trustworthiness of the choice architect and female gender. Lastly, support for all types of nudges was positively predicted by perceived effectiveness of each nudge and negatively predicted by perceived intrusiveness above and beyond the contribution of general beliefs about healthy eating and nudging. Conclusions Findings from the current study indicate significant differences in support for nudge techniques intended to increase FV selection among university cafeteria users. These findings offer practical implications for food service operators as well as public health researchers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13054-7.
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Galler M, Myhrer KS, Ares G, Varela P. Listening to children voices in early stages of new product development through co-creation – Creative focus group and online platform. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Australian adolescents’ beliefs and perceptions towards healthy eating from a symbolic and moral perspective: A qualitative study. Appetite 2022; 171:105913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Adams J, Lawrence EM, Goode JA, Schaefer DR, Mollborn S. Peer Network Processes in Adolescents' Health Lifestyles. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:125-141. [PMID: 34806448 PMCID: PMC8897281 DOI: 10.1177/00221465211054394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Combining theories of health lifestyles-interrelated health behaviors arising from group-based identities-with those of network and behavior change, we investigated network characteristics of health lifestyles and the role of influence and selection processes underlying these characteristics. We examined these questions in two high schools using longitudinal, complete friendship network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analyses characterized each school's predominant health lifestyles using several health behavior domains. School-specific stochastic actor-based models evaluated the bidirectional relationship between friendship networks and health lifestyles. Predominant lifestyles remained stable within schools over time, even as individuals transitioned between lifestyles. Friends displayed greater similarity in health lifestyles than nonfriend dyads. Similarities resulted primarily from teens' selection of friends with similar lifestyles but also from teens influencing their peers' lifestyles. This study demonstrates the salience of health lifestyles for adolescent development and friendship networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Adams
- University of Colorado Denver, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Mollborn
- University of Colorado Boulder, USA
- Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Xu J. The Roles of Family and School Members in Influencing Children's Eating Behaviours in China: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9030315. [PMID: 35327687 PMCID: PMC8947546 DOI: 10.3390/children9030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the influences of family and school members on children in China, in order to promote healthy eating behaviours among children and prevent childhood malnutrition in the Global South. Family members and school members are defined as parents, guardians (such as grandparents and other relatives), siblings, peers, and teachers. A search of four databases returned 94 articles, 18 of which met the eligibility criteria. Most of the included studies were from mainland China; a few were from Hong Kong and Taiwan. More quantitative than qualitative studies were found, among which, cross-sectional studies were dominant. The 18 papers included in the study explored the influences of family members and school members on the eating behaviours of children, based on seven themes: (1) social–demographic characteristics, (2) food intake of parents, (3) nutritional knowledge and health awareness of family or school members, (4) parents’ perceptions of their children’s body weight, (5) feeding strategies of family members, (6) family relationships, and (7) intergenerational differences of caregivers. In the current analysis, parental education levels, mother’s occupation, health awareness of parents and teachers, and positive feeding styles, such as encouraging healthy eating and controlling overeating, were positively correlated with the healthy eating behaviours of children. Meanwhile, healthy eating behaviours of children were negatively associated with caregivers’ lack of nutritional knowledge, misperception of weight, instrumental and/or emotional feeding, and working on nonstandard shifts. More related research using cross-disciplinary approaches is needed and there should be more discussions about how teachers, siblings, and peers affect the dietary behaviours of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Xu
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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18
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Henjum S, Groufh-Jacobsen S, Aakre I, Terragni L. Life-course perspectives of milk consumption among young Norwegian women and their knowledge of milk as a source of iodine: a qualitative study. Food Nutr Res 2022; 65:7758. [PMID: 34984063 PMCID: PMC8693599 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild to moderate iodine deficiency has been found among young Norwegian women of reproductive age. In Norway, cow’s milk is the main source of iodine; however, milk consumption is decreasing, particularly among young women. This study aimed to investigate milk consumption practices in young Norwegian women and their attitudes toward milk consumption from childhood to young adulthood in a life-course perspective and their knowledge of milk as a source of iodine. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 30 bachelor students (women, 18–25 years old) from five different study programs. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to interpret milk consumption practices from a life-course perspective. Five focus group interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide. The transcribed interviews were coded according to emerging themes related to milk consumption practices and turning points. Milk consumption practices were dynamic and changed over time and were influenced by several factors: family traditions, school milk subscription, friends and social media, social acceptance, availability, price, and attitudes toward health and the environment. Young women tend to be in a phase of life in which milk is not part of their food practices. Most of the women were not aware of the consequences of omitting milk from their diet and had limited knowledge of iodine and how to secure adequate dietary iodine intake. Awareness of possible consequences of omitting milk from the diet should be promoted along with information on how to secure adequate iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Henjum
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Groufh-Jacobsen
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Inger Aakre
- Department of Seafood and Nutrition, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Terragni
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Chen DR, Lu HH. Social alienation of adolescents with obesity in classrooms: A multilevel approach. J Adolesc 2022; 94:81-91. [PMID: 35353406 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescents with obesity are more likely to be isolated by peers, but whether they also choose to disengage from their peers remains unclear. METHODS This study examined a sample of 646 adolescents between the age of 13 and 16 across 34 classrooms in 3 junior high schools in Taiwan, with data collected from May to June 2019. The sociometric network nomination method assessed peer relationships, such as unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation. Multilevel models were applied to explore the extent to which the class-level prevalence of overweight and obesity and peer support moderate the relationship between student-level obesity and peer relationships. RESULTS Overall, students with obesity were more likely to experience unpopularity, unsociability, and alienation from their peers in classroom settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.904, 2.208, 2.777, p < .05). Regardless of their obesity status, students in high classroom peer support were less likely to report unsociability (AOR = 0.124, p < .05). No cross-level interactions were observed, indicating that students with obesity did not experience a reduction of peer rejection in high peer support classrooms. Neither did obese students in classrooms with higher rates of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Students with obesity were more likely to experience interpersonal problems. Classroom peer support can increase peer acceptance for typical students but has no beneficial influence on adolescents with weight problems. Classroom peer support needs to be directed to become adequate support for students with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan-Rung Chen
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Lu
- Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Fu J, Liang F, Wang Y, Qiu N, Ding K, Zeng J, Moore JB, Li R. Modeling Parental Influence on Food Consumption among Chinese Adolescents through Self-Efficacy: A Path Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124454. [PMID: 34960008 PMCID: PMC8705551 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between perceived parental control, perceived parental modeling and parent–teen co-decision making, and fruit and vegetable (F&V) and sugar-sweetened beverage and junk food (S&J) consumption among Chinese adolescents, and examine whether self-efficacy mediates the associations. Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey of Chinese adolescents carried out in the fall of 2019. The questionnaires were adapted from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study. Ordinary least-squares regressions and a path analysis were performed to evaluate the hypothesized associations. The final sample included 3595 Chinese adolescents (mean (SD) age, 14.67 (1.73) years; 52.82% (n = 1899) males). Perceived parental control was positively associated with adolescents’ F&V consumption, and was negatively associated with adolescents’ S&J consumption. Perceived parental modeling and parent–teen co-decision making were both positively associated with adolescents’ F&V consumption and negatively associated with their S&J consumption. Adolescents’ self-efficacy was positively associated with F&V consumption and negatively associated with S&J consumption. These results suggest that serving as a positive role model, having adolescents participate in the decision-making process, and increasing adolescents’ self-efficacy can be feasible and efficacious strategies to improve the nutritional quality of Chinese adolescents’ diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yechuang Wang
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
| | - Justin Brian Moore
- Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Healthcare Management, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (J.F.); (F.L.); (Y.W.); (N.Q.); (K.D.); (J.Z.)
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-68759901; Fax: +86-27-68758648
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21
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Owens C, Weaver LJ, Kaiser BN, Kalk T, Tesema F, Tessema F, Hadley C. Context Matters for Food Security: Multi-Sited Evidence of Shared Cultural Models of Food Consumption. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 61:162-181. [PMID: 34468242 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1969927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthropologists have long emphasized the social significance of foods and the contexts in which they are consumed. Expanding on this idea, we define the context of consumption as the non-eating behaviors that surround eating, such as the manner of food preparation, food sharing, and dietary patterns. In this study, we used cultural consensus analysis to assess whether there exist consistently shared, normative ideas about preferable context of food consumption in three diverse research sites: urban Ethiopia, rural Brazil, and rural Haiti. Our analysis demonstrates that in all three communities, there are distinct sets of behaviors that people identified as non-preferable because they reliably associate them with poverty and food insecurity, and behaviors that people identify as preferable because they reliably associate them with wealth and food security. Across the settings, there was little variation in agreement about behaviors across household composition, age, gender, and food security status. These findings suggest that people do indeed share culturally specific ideas about the context in which foods should be prepared and consumed, beyond the actual content of one's diet. Exploring these cultural models elucidates the social consequences of food insecurity, enabling researchers to better examine the relationship between food insecurity, social context, and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Owens
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - L J Weaver
- Department of Global Studies, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - B N Kaiser
- Department of Anthropology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - T Kalk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Tesema
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - F Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - C Hadley
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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22
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Guichard E, Autin F, Croizet JC, Jouffre S. Increasing vegetables purchase with a descriptive-norm message: A cluster randomized controlled intervention in two university canteens. Appetite 2021; 167:105624. [PMID: 34389374 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to social norms is a popular way to foster healthy food behavior. Testing the robustness of this effect, we report a field study assessing the impact of a vegetable-related descriptive norm message on vegetables purchase. The first contribution was to rely on a cluster randomized crossover design: Two canteens were randomly selected to display either a vegetable-related or a neutral-behavior norm message. After a first period of data collection, the displays were reversed for a second period: The number of vegetable portions on the main plate were recorded before, during and after the message display (N = 12.994). The second contribution was to test the impact of a message describing vegetables as the normative choice beyond the mere selection of vegetables, on the quantity of vegetables purchased in lunches containing some. Results indicated that the vegetable-related norm message led to a sustained probability of choosing vegetables, contrary to a decrease observed in the control condition. Moreover, students who ordered vegetables ordered a higher quantity when exposed to a vegetable-related message than before whereas quantity declined in the control condition. By treating both canteens as experimental and control and by analyzing both the presence and the amount of vegetables, these results extend and strengthen those previously observed, bringing support for the effectiveness of a descriptive norm message in eliciting healthier food behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Guichard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA, UMR CNRS 7295), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; MSHS - Bâtiment A5, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre, TSA 21103, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Frédérique Autin
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA, UMR CNRS 7295), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; MSHS - Bâtiment A5, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre, TSA 21103, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Croizet
- LAboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et COgnitive (LAPSCO, UMR UCA-CNRS 6024), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 34 av. Carnot, 63037, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex, France.
| | - Stéphane Jouffre
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage (CeRCA, UMR CNRS 7295), Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; MSHS - Bâtiment A5, Université de Poitiers, 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre, TSA 21103, F-86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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23
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Unpacking the "black box" of global food insecurity and mental health. Soc Sci Med 2021; 282:114042. [PMID: 34144433 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food insecurity is a global concern. While it was once characterized mainly as a problem of undernutrition, it is now recognized that a person may be food insecure without experiencing hunger. Numerous studies have demonstrated that food insecurity is strongly related to poor mental health around the world, but the mechanisms that underpin that relationship remain poorly understood. One body of research from nutritional sciences posits that nutrient deficiency impacts brain function, producing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Another body of research from the social sciences posits that the social consequences of having to eat non-preferred foods or obtain food in socially unacceptable ways may compromise mental health through stress. This study was designed to clarify the mechanisms linking food insecurity and mental health using case studies in rural Brazil and urban Ethiopia. Working with samples consisting of about 200 adult household decision-makers (mostly female) recruited between 2015 and 2019 at each site, we tested for nutritional and social mediation of the food insecurity-mental health relationship using multivariable linear regression and mediation analysis. Our analyses found no evidence of mediation in either setting. Moreover, there was no association between nutritional status variables and food insecurity. These findings suggest that food insecurity likely impacts mental health directly through forms of basic needs deprivation, such as worrying about where one's next meal will come from, rather than by acting as a social signal or even by impacting nutritional status. These results underscore the power of basic-needs deprivation for impacting mental health.
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24
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Chen Y, Lee BF, Lu YC. Fitnesser's Intrinsic Motivations of Green Eating: An Integration of Theory of Planned Behavior and Hedonic-Motivation System Adoption Model. Front Psychol 2021; 12:670243. [PMID: 34093368 PMCID: PMC8175369 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.670243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change arouses people’s attention to environmental protection and, therefore, changes consumption habits. Food overconsumption not only produces extra waste but also pollutes the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that motivate people to eat green, an eco-friendly way to consume food. To keep the body in good shape, the fitnessers concern more about diet than the general people. This study explored intrinsic motivations, such as social recognition, environmental ethics, curiosity, joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control as constructs that affect fitnesser’s green eating intention. All constructs except curiosity have significant impacts on behavior intention. The results demonstrate that social recognition and environmental ethics have significant effects on curiosity, joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control. The mediation effects between social recognition and behavior intention are not supported. The mediators between environmental ethics and behavior intention are joy of purchase, perceived usefulness, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Hubei University of Technology Engineering and Technology College, Wuhan, China.,School of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bey-Fen Lee
- Department of Hospitality Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport, Health, and Leisure, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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25
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Rose K, O'Malley C, Eskandari F, Lake AA, Brown L, Ells LJ. The impact of, and views on, school food intervention and policy in young people aged 11-18 years in Europe: A mixed methods systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13186. [PMID: 33442954 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the social and environmental influencers of eating behaviours has the potential to improve health outcomes for young people. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of school nutrition interventions and the perceptions of young people experiencing a nutrition focused intervention or change in school food policy. A comprehensive systematic search identified studies published between 1 December 2007 to 20 February 2020. Twenty-seven studies were included: 22 quantitative studies of nutrition related outcomes and five qualitative studies reporting views and perceptions of young people (combined sample of 22,138 participants, mean ages 12-18 years). The primary outcome was nutrition knowledge/dietary behaviours, with secondary outcomes exploring body mass index (BMI) and wellbeing. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, a narrative results description is presented. The findings demonstrate that school nutrition programmes can be effective in reducing sugar, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and saturated fat and increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The lived experiences of young people in a school context provide valuable insights that should be considered in the development of effective school food policy and interventions. This review affirms the significant role that schools can play in supporting good nutrition in all young people and provides opportunities to inform the school food agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rose
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amelia A Lake
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
- Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Brown
- Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Louisa Jane Ells
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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26
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Allen KA, Kern ML, Rozek CS, McInereney D, Slavich GM. Belonging: A Review of Conceptual Issues, an Integrative Framework, and Directions for Future Research. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 73:87-102. [PMID: 33958811 DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1883409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective A sense of belonging-the subjective feeling of deep connection with social groups, physical places, and individual and collective experiences-is a fundamental human need that predicts numerous mental, physical, social, economic, and behavioural outcomes. However, varying perspectives on how belonging should be conceptualised, assessed, and cultivated has hampered much-needed progress on this timely and important topic. To address these critical issues, we conducted a narrative review that summarizes existing perspectives on belonging, describes a new integrative framework for understanding and studying belonging, and identifies several key avenues for future research and practice. Method We searched relevant databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ClinicalTrials.gov, for articles describing belonging, instruments for assessing belonging, and interventions for increasing belonging. Results By identifying the core components of belonging, we introduce a new integrative framework for understanding, assessing, and cultivating belonging that focuses on four interrelated components: competencies, opportunities, motivations, and perceptions. Conclusion This integrative framework enhances our understanding of the basic nature and features of belonging, provides a foundation for future interdisciplinary research on belonging and belongingness, and highlights how a robust sense of belonging may be cultivated to improve human health and resilience for individuals and communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Ann Allen
- Educational Psychology and Inclusive Education, Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton Australia.,Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Margaret L Kern
- Centre for Positive Psychology, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Dennis McInereney
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A
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Halberg SE, Visek AJ, Blake EF, Essel KD, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. SODA MAPS: A Framework for Understanding Caffeinated Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:640531. [PMID: 33777993 PMCID: PMC7988216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sugary drink (SD) consumption is associated with childhood obesity and development of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to having high added sugar content, many SDs also contain caffeine, which may further encourage excess SD consumption among children. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework of children's caffeinated SD consumption using group concept mapping, an applied social research multimethodology that collectively harnesses qualitative and quantitative data from participants to generate a visual representation of their ideas and input. Children, 8–14 years old, who reported consuming ≥12 ounces of caffeinated SDs (e.g., sodas, sweet teas) per day were recruited throughout Washington, D.C. and invited to participate. Concept mapping included three participant-driven activities: (1) brainstorming (n = 51), during which children reported reasons for their SD consumption, from which 58 unique reasons were identified; (2) sorting (n = 70), during which children sorted each of the reported reasons into categories and named each category; and (3) rating (n = 74), during which children rated the influence of each reason on their own caffeinated SD consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate concept maps (hereafter “SODA MAPS”), which display the 58 reasons organized within eight overarching clusters. Among these eight clusters, Taste and Feel, Something to Do, and Energy were rated as particularly influential. Children's caffeinated SD consumption is encouraged not only by the palatable taste and reported preferences for these beverages (e.g., Taste and Feel), but also by psychological (e.g., Mood and Focus), biological (e.g., Energy), social (e.g., Something to Do) and environmental reasons (e.g., Nothing Better Available). Thus, the SODA MAPS can inform the development of tailored, multi-level SD reduction interventions that incorporate strategies to address important and currently overlooked reasons for caffeinated SD consumption among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Serra-Mallol C, Wacalie F, Nedjar-Guerre A, Wattelez G, Frayon S, Galy O. 'Eating well' in Pacific Islands countries and territories: A qualitative and normative approach to food cultures in New Caledonia. Appetite 2021; 163:105192. [PMID: 33675860 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the food cultures of the Pacific populations have undergone a profound transition, particularly because the increasing trade exchanges with Western countries have facilitated access to a wide range of processed foods. Essentially, a new normative model of eating is now taking the place of the traditional models. The aims of this qualitative study were to explore what 'eating well', 'good food' and 'bad food' now mean in the New Caledonian family context and, more broadly, to categorise the current food practices and representations in adolescents' families. A double qualitative methodology was applied: 59 face-to-face interviews with 30 parents and 29 adolescents in both rural and urban areas and 15 collective structured discussions with middle-school classes (11- to 16-year-olds) of almost 25 students each. The main results showed various normative frames for nutrition, food quantities, local provenance, and personal taste. Food practices were related to food availability (having a home garden or involvement in family farming), socioeconomic status and community. In addition, access to nutritional information, temporal and financial constraints mostly in the urban area, and the role of food socialisation between parents and children had an impact on food practices and perceptions. The permanence of food cultures, mainly observed in families in rural areas, and the social inequalities in urban areas regarding food availability are highlighted. The positive perception of 'local food' as 'cultural', 'organic' and 'healthy' may help policymakers communicate clear messages to reach a sustainable food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Serra-Mallol
- Centre on Work Organizations and Policies (CERTOP), UMR 5044 CNRS - University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Fabrice Wacalie
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Education (LIRE), EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Nouville Campus, BP R4, 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Akila Nedjar-Guerre
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Education (LIRE), EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Nouville Campus, BP R4, 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Guillaume Wattelez
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Education (LIRE), EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Nouville Campus, BP R4, 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Stéphane Frayon
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Education (LIRE), EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Nouville Campus, BP R4, 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
| | - Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Education (LIRE), EA 7483, University of New Caledonia, Nouville Campus, BP R4, 98851, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
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Lorenzoni V, Triulzi I, Martinucci I, Toncelli L, Natilli M, Barale R, Turchetti G. Understanding eating choices among university students: A study using data from cafeteria cashiers' transactions. Health Policy 2021; 125:665-673. [PMID: 33685659 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illustrate the use of automatically collected data from cashier transactions to understand eating habits among university students using cafeteria and to identify individual characteristics associated with the diverse behaviors. METHODS The study was carried out at a large university located in Pisa, central Italy, using data about meals automatically recorded from cashier transaction meals during the academic year 2015-16 as well as data from the administrative archive of the university. A model-based clustering relying on multivariate beta distribution was used to cluster eating choices while multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were applied to identify variables associated to diverse clusters identified. RESULTS Considering 4643 students and about 200,000 meals consumed, results suggest that healthy eaters represented a minority (11.2 %) of the study population while the large part of students composed their meals combining grains with processed food or proteins (32.7 %) and limiting the choice of fruit (42.9 %). Male gender and younger age were associated with eating behavior not in line with recommendations for a healthy diet. CONCLUSIONS Eating choice resulted to be "compromised" in most of students and specific characteristics associated with unhealthy choice were also identified that can help inform and target specific policy. The use of routinely collected data gives the opportunity to both cafeterias and university to take an active role in policy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lorenzoni
- Institute of Management and Department of Excellence EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Isotta Triulzi
- Institute of Management and Department of Excellence EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Martinucci
- Division of Gastroenterology - Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | - Letizia Toncelli
- Azienda Regionale per il Diritto allo Studio Universitario, Area Ristorazione, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michela Natilli
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Information Science and Technologies, ISTI - Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Turchetti
- Institute of Management and Department of Excellence EMbeDS, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Bauer JM, Bietz S, Rauber J, Reisch LA. Nudging healthier food choices in a cafeteria setting: A sequential multi-intervention field study. Appetite 2021; 160:105106. [PMID: 33422678 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Creating more health-fostering environments is high on the agenda of public and private actors. The behavioral approach to nudge people towards healthier food choices is gaining popularity despite limited understanding about where, and for whom, which specific nudges work. This study contributes by reporting on three different nudging interventions in the same setting and presents effects on different sub-populations. We find overall small effects that are heterogeneous, ranging from robustly more to even less healthy choices. We discuss the importance of transparency and reactance to health interventions and the potential interplay of interventions with habitual behavior among different sub-populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Bauer
- Copenhagen Business School, Department of Management, Society and Communication, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Sabine Bietz
- Zeppelin University, Center for Consumer, Markets and Politics, Am Seemooser Horn 20, 88045, Friedrichshafen, Germany.
| | - Julius Rauber
- ConPolicy GmbH - Institute for Consumer Policy, Friedrichstraße 224, 10969, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lucia A Reisch
- Copenhagen Business School, Department of Management, Society and Communication, Dalgas Have 15, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Zeppelin University, Center for Consumer, Markets and Politics, Am Seemooser Horn 20, 88045, Friedrichshafen, Germany.
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Monterrosa EC, Frongillo EA, Drewnowski A, de Pee S, Vandevijvere S. Sociocultural Influences on Food Choices and Implications for Sustainable Healthy Diets. Food Nutr Bull 2020; 41:59S-73S. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572120975874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The global policy discourse on sustainability and health has called for dietary transformations that require diverse, concerted actions from governments and institutions. In this article, we highlight the need to examine sociocultural influences on food practices as precursors to food policy decisions. Discussion: Sociocultural food practices relate to ideas and materials that give rise to food choices and food patterns of a group. We begin with a discussion of how individuals experience, interpret, negotiate, and symbolize the food world around them. We examine primarily the ideational pathways, such as identity, gender, religion, and cultural prohibitions, and their influence on food practices. We then provide guiding questions, frameworks, and a brief overview of food choice values to support policy planning and design. Lastly, we explore how sociocultural change for sustainable or healthy diets is already happening through food movements, food lifestyles, and traditional diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saskia de Pee
- UN World Food Programme, Rome, Italy
- Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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I tweet, they follow, you eat: Number of followers as nudge on social media to eat more healthily. Soc Sci Med 2020; 269:113595. [PMID: 33341741 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
This article argues for an affective approach to obesity that destabilizes the conceptual boundaries between the biological and the social aspects of food, eating, and fatness. Its approach foregrounds visceral experience, attends to food both inside and outside the body, and explores how bodies labeled “obese” consume their political, economic, and material environments. This approach is termed affective political ecology. The authors’ aim is to draw attention to how the entanglements between the physiological and social aspects of eating tend to be absented from antiobesity public health rhetoric. By exploring a range of ethnographic examples in high-income countries, they illuminate how such interventions often fail to account for the complex interplays between subjective corporeal experience and political economic relations and contend that overlooking an individual’s visceral relationship with food counterproductively augments social stigma, stresses, and painful emotions. They demonstrate, then, how an approach that draws together political economic and biomedical perspectives better reflects the lived experience of eating. In so doing, the authors aim to indicate how attending to affective political ecologies can further our understanding of the consumption practices of those in precarious and stressful social contexts, and they offer additional insight into how the entanglement of the biological and the social is experienced in everyday life.
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Carvalho SDL, Barros Filho ADA, Barros MBDA, Assumpção DD. Qualidade da dieta segundo a autoavaliação de adolescentes: resultados do ISACamp-Nutri. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:4451-4461. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202511.06792019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se estimar as prevalências de autoavaliação da qualidade da dieta de adolescentes e identificar os motivos de não a considerar muito boa/boa; calcular o escore global e de cada componente do Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R) segundo as categorias de autoavaliação. Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra por conglomerados e em dois estágios, realizado em Campinas-SP. Foram analisadas 891 entrevistas. As prevalências de autoavaliação da qualidade da dieta foram de 57,3% como muito boa/boa, 34,6% como regular e 8,1% como ruim/muito ruim. A autoavaliação como regular ou ruim foi associada ao consumo de doces, salgadinhos/biscoitos, cereais integrais (10-14 anos) e de fast-food (15-19 anos). Para os que foram classificados com pior qualidade da dieta (1º tercil dos escores do IQD-R), 52,5% consideravam a alimentação muito boa/boa e apenas 13,1% como ruim/muito ruim. O escore do IQD-R revelou-se significativamente menor nos que achavam a alimentação ruim (50,0 pontos) comparados aos que disseram muito boa/boa (55,4 pontos). Os que consideravam a alimentação ruim apresentaram consumo inferior de frutas, cereais integrais, e superior de gorduras sólidas e açúcares. Os achados revelam incoerência na autoavaliação da qualidade da dieta em relação aos escores insatisfatórios observados.
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35
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Cuesta-Valiño P, Rodríguez PG, Núñez-Barriopedro E. Perception of Advertisements for Healthy Food on Social Media: Effect of Attitude on Consumers' Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6463. [PMID: 32899852 PMCID: PMC7560053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing concern for health is currently a global trend, so promoting healthy products is an opportunity that companies can exploit to differentiate their products in highly competitive markets. The purpose of this research is to examine the antecedents of social media advertising value and their consequences for attitudes to healthy food and intentions to consume it, in a representative sample of Spanish consumers. The theory of Ducoffe's advertising value model was used as a conceptual framework for the antecedents of attitudes based on utilitarian and hedonic values. To achieve this objective, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out based on primary data from a survey of a representative sample of the Spanish population with 2023 valid questionnaires. The Partial Least Square (PLS) method was applied to test the hypothesized relationships and predictive variables. The result of this research allows us to determine which variables influence the consumer's response, as measured by intention, motivated by the consumer's attitude to the value of healthy food, as influenced by the advertising value on social networks. Furthermore, the findings show that, for advertising healthy food on social networks to be valuable, it must be credible and richly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cuesta-Valiño
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Alcalá, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | | | - Estela Núñez-Barriopedro
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Alcalá, 28802 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
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36
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Ragelienė T, Grønhøj A. Preadolescents' healthy eating behavior: peeping through the social norms approach. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1268. [PMID: 32819336 PMCID: PMC7441719 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising childhood obesity rate is a major public health challenge. The objective of this study is to examine key underlying mechanisms for peer-related social influence on preadolescents' healthy eating behavior by including factors closely linked with the quality of preadolescents' relationship with peers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a convenience sample of 278 Lithuanian preadolescents, recruited from a public school. A questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions, questions about food intake, peer-related social norms of healthy eating, social self-efficacy, vegetable preference, need for peer approval and feeling of belonging were applied. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The results of the SEM showed that social self-efficacy predicts feeling of belonging to the peer group and need for peer approval. Feeling of belonging and need for peer approval predict actual intake of vegetables via injunctive norms of healthy eating. However, neither feeling of belonging nor need for peer approval predicted descriptive norms of healthy eating. Contrary to our expectations, descriptive norms were found to be unrelated with actual intake of vegetables, though vegetable preference predicted actual intake of vegetables. Vegetable preference was not predicted by injunctive or descriptive peers' social norms of healthy eating. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study offer insight for informing parents, teachers and for social norms marketing interventions by stressing the importance of social relations when the aim is to encourage healthy eating among preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tija Ragelienė
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alice Grønhøj
- Department of Management, Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bevelander KE, Burk WJ, Smit CR, van Woudenberg TJ, Buijs L, Buijzen M. Exploring the directionality in the relationship between descriptive and injunctive parental and peer norms and snacking behavior in a three-year-cross-lagged study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32539775 PMCID: PMC7296677 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People’s eating behavior is assumed to be influenced by what other people do (perceived descriptive norms) and what others approve of (perceived injunctive norms). It has been suggested that adolescents are more susceptible to peer norms than parental norms, because they experience a strong need for group acceptance that leads to conforming to peer group norms. The current study examined changes in snacking behavior and four types of social norms (i.e., parental and peer descriptive and injunctive norms) that promoted fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents. This study was the first to examine whether snacking behavior also influenced norm perceptions by testing the directionality of these associations. Methods The study consisted of 819 participants (M [SD] age = 11.19 [1.36]; 46.1% boys), collected at three time points (T1 = 2016, T2 = 2017 and T3 = 2018) during the MyMovez project. Self-reported frequency of snack consumption, perceived parental and peer descriptive and injunctive norms were assessed. The primary analysis consisted of a series of cross-lagged autoregressive models specified in a structural equation modeling framework. Results Model comparisons testing the descriptive and injunctive norms in separate models and in an additional combined model revealed evidence for bi-directional associations between norms and snacking behavior. Descriptive peer and parent norms were not found to have an effect on subsequent snacking behaviors. Perceived injunctive parental norms were positively associated with healthy snack food intake and negatively associated with unhealthy snack intake (forward direction). Injunctive peer norms were negatively associated with healthy snack food intake. In addition, higher unhealthy snack food intake was negatively associated with the perception of descriptive and injunctive parental norms 1 year later (reversed direction). We did not find peer norms to be more closely associated with changes in snacking behaviors compared to parental norms. Conclusions Parents expecting their children to snack healthy had a positive influence on healthy snacking behavior whereas only acting as a healthy role model did not. Future research should address the possible interaction between descriptive and injunctive norms. Research should also take into account the bi-directional relations between eating behaviors and normative perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Bevelander
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University and Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - W J Burk
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C R Smit
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T J van Woudenberg
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Buijs
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Buijzen
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Vio F, Olaya M, Yañez M, Montenegro E. Adolescents' perception of dietary behaviour in a public school in Chile: a focus groups study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:803. [PMID: 32471414 PMCID: PMC7257129 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess dietary behavior among sixth- to eighth-grade students to inform the delivery and content of nutrition education. METHODS This was a qualitative study through focus groups. Subjects were 57 adolescents 10-14 years old, 30 males and 27 females distributed in six groups. To compare group responses, transcriptions were coded using the original question guide. The information was analyzed using the content analysis technique. RESULTS The main findings showed that adolescents knew dietary guidelines, but they consumed non-healthy food. They liked to cook but preferred fast food preparations. They increased fast food consumption on weekends and with friends. In utilization of Information Communication Technologies (ICT), all students had access to technology through mobile phones, tablets and computers and were open to have an interactive program with personal information about diet and behavior. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents dietary behavior is not healthy and can be changed with interactive programs considering participation, personal information and utilizing ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vio
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, 7830489, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Olaya
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, 7830489, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Yañez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, 7830489, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Montenegro
- Municipal Health Service Los Andes county, Los Andes, Chile
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Ragelienė T, Grønhøj A. The influence of peers′ and siblings′ on children’s and adolescents′ healthy eating behavior. A systematic literature review. Appetite 2020; 148:104592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bogl LH, Mehlig K, Ahrens W, Gwozdz W, de Henauw S, Molnár D, Moreno L, Pigeot I, Russo P, Solea A, Veidebaum T, Kaprio J, Lissner L, Hebestreit A. Like me, like you - relative importance of peers and siblings on children's fast food consumption and screen time but not sports club participation depends on age. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:50. [PMID: 32295621 PMCID: PMC7160987 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle interventions to prevent paediatric obesity often target family and peer settings; their success is likely to depend on the influence that peers and families exert on children’s lifestyle behaviors at different developmental stages. Objective First, to determine whether children’s lifestyle behavior more closely resembles their peers’ or siblings’ behaviors. Secondly, to investigate longitudinally whether children’s behavioral change is predicted by that of their peers or their siblings as they grow older. Methods The European prospective IDEFICS/I.Family cohort (baseline survey: 2007/2008, first follow-up: 2009/2010, and second follow-up: 2013/2014) aims at investigating risk factors for overweight and related behaviors during childhood and adolescence. The present investigation includes 2694 observations of children and their siblings aged 2 to 18 years. Peers were defined as same-sex, same-age children in the same community and identified from the full cohort. The longitudinal analysis (mean follow-up time: 3.7 years) includes 525 sibling pairs. Children’s lifestyle behaviors including fast food consumption (frequency/week), screen time (hours/week) and sports club participation (hours/week) were assessed by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear models. Results Children’s lifestyle behavior was associated with the respective behavior of their peers and sibling for all 3 behaviors. For fast food consumption, the peer resemblance was more than 6-fold higher than the sibling resemblance and the peer resemblance surpassed the sibling resemblance by the age of 9–10 years. The similarities with peers for fast food consumption and screen time steadily increased, while the similarities with siblings steadily decreased with increasing age of the children (Pinteraction < 0.001). In contrast, the relative importance of peers and siblings on sports club duration did not vary by the age of the children. Longitudinal results showed that children’s changes in fast food consumption were more strongly associated with those in their peer group than their sibling, in particular if the age gap between siblings was large. Conclusion In conclusion, our results support the implementation of multi-setting interventions for improving lifestyle behaviors in children. Our findings might also guide future intervention studies in the choice of timing and setting in which interventions are likely to be most effective. From the ages of 9–10 years onwards, family- or home-based interventions targeting children’s fast food intake and screen time behavior may become less effective than school- or community-based interventions aimed at peer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Bogl
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1st floor, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kirsten Mehlig
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, Institute of Statistics, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wencke Gwozdz
- Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Faculty Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences & Environmental Management, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Luis Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pigeot
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.,University of Bremen, Institute of Statistics, Bremen, Germany
| | - Paola Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonia Solea
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauren Lissner
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, D-28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Gupta A, Braunack-Mayer A, Smithers L, Harford J, Coveney J. Good and bad sugars: Australian adults’ perspectives on sugar in their diet. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2020.1745150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adyya Gupta
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Braunack-Mayer
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Level 9, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Smithers
- School of Public Health, Level 9, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Harford
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Level 9, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Coveney
- Global Food, Culture and Health, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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42
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Murphy G, Corcoran C, Tatlow-Golden M, Boyland E, Rooney B. See, Like, Share, Remember: Adolescents' Responses to Unhealthy-, Healthy- and Non-Food Advertising in Social Media. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072181. [PMID: 32218252 PMCID: PMC7177346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Media-saturated digital environments seek to influence social media users’ behaviour, including through marketing. The World Health Organization has identified food marketing, including advertising for unhealthy items, as detrimental to health, and in many countries, regulation restricts such marketing and advertising to younger children. Yet regulation rarely addresses adolescents and few studies have examined their responses to social media advertising. In two studies, we examined adolescents’ attention, memory and social responses to advertising posts, including interactions between product types and source of posts. We hypothesized adolescents would respond more positively to unhealthy food advertising compared to healthy food or non-food advertising, and more positively to ads shared by peers or celebrities than to ads shared by a brand. Outcomes measured were (1a) social responses (likelihood to ‘share’, attitude to peer); (1b) brand memory (recall, recognition) and (2) attention (eye-tracking fixation duration and count). Participants were 151 adolescent social media users (Study 1: n = 72; 13–14 years; M = 13.56 years, SD = 0.5; Study 2: n = 79, 13–17 years, M = 15.37 years, SD = 1.351). They viewed 36 fictitious Facebook profile feeds created to show age-typical content. In a 3 × 3 factorial design, each contained an advertising post that varied by content (healthy/unhealthy/non-food) and source (peer/celebrity/company). Generalised linear mixed models showed that advertisements for unhealthy food evoked significantly more positive responses, compared to non-food and healthy food, on 5 of 6 measures: adolescents were more likely to wish to ‘share’ unhealthy posts; rated peers more positively when they had unhealthy posts in their feeds; recalled and recognised a greater number of unhealthy food brands; and viewed unhealthy advertising posts for longer. Interactions with sources (peers, celebrities and companies) were more complex but also favoured unhealthy food advertising. Implications are that regulation of unhealthy food advertising should address adolescents and digital media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne Murphy
- Media and Entertainment Lab, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Corcoran
- Media and Entertainment Lab, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mimi Tatlow-Golden
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1908-652684
| | - Emma Boyland
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Media and Entertainment Lab, School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
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43
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Thirlway F. Explaining the social gradient in smoking and cessation: the peril and promise of social mobility. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:565-578. [PMID: 31769046 PMCID: PMC7079060 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Smoking in high-income countries is now concentrated in poor communities whose relatively high smoking prevalence is explained by greater uptake but above all by lower quit rates. Whilst a number of barriers to smoking cessation have been identified, this is the first paper to situate cessation itself as a classed and cultural practice. Drawing on ethnographic research carried out in a working-class community in the North of England between 2012 and 2015, I theorise smoking cessation as a symbolic practice in relation to the affective experience of class and social mobility. I show that ambivalence about upward mobility as separation and loss translated into ambivalence about smoking cessation. The reason for this was that the social gradient in smoking operated dynamically at the level of the individual life course, i.e. smoking cessation followed upward mobility. A serious health problem was an appropriate reason to quit but older women continued to smoke despite serious health problems. This was linked to historical gender roles leading to women placing a low priority on their own health as well as the intergenerational reproduction of smoking through close affective links with smoking parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Thirlway
- Department of SociologyWentworth CollegeUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Anthropology DepartmentDurham UniversityDurhamUK
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44
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Challenges, Opportunities, and Motivators for Developing and Applying Food Literacy in a University Setting: A Qualitative Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sociocultural Influences on Dietary Practices and Physical Activity Behaviors of Rural Adolescents-A Qualitative Exploration. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122916. [PMID: 31810284 PMCID: PMC6950241 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of nutrition transition and ever-increasing sedentarism, adolescents globally are exposed to negative health consequences. Diverse sociocultural influences play a critical role in their adoption of unhealthy dietary practices and suboptimal physical activity behaviors. Context-specific understandings of how these sociocultural influences shape adolescents’ dietary and physical activity patterns in a rural, resource-limited setting remained elusive. Aiming to address the gap, this qualitative study explored adolescents’ and mothers’ perception of broader sociocultural aspects that sculpt the food choices, eating habits and physical activity behaviors of adolescents in Matlab, Bangladesh. Six digitally-recorded focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analyzed thematically. Marked taste-driven dietary preference of adolescents and its prioritization within family by the mothers, popularity of street foods, better understanding of the importance of food hygiene and safety contrasting with narrow perception of balance and diversity in diet, peer influence along with deficient school and community food environment, internalization and rigidity of gender norms were found to be exerting major influence. The findings highlighted key targets for community-based nutrition interventions and endorsed thorough consideration of socio-cultural factors in formulating strategies to promote healthful eating and physical activity behaviors among the adolescents.
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46
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Hang H, Davies I, Schüring J. Children's conformity to social norms to eat healthy: A developmental perspective. Soc Sci Med 2019; 244:112666. [PMID: 31722276 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies suggest injunctive norms (prompts of what people ought to do) are stronger predictors of healthy eating intentions, whereas descriptive norms (prompts of what people are doing) are stronger predictors of healthy eating behaviors. However, previous research provides little insight into why different norms influence children's health intentions and behaviors differently. In addition, no research has explored developmental differences in children's conformity to, or rejection of, different types of social normative influence. Thus, this paper adopts a developmental perspective to understand why children conform differently to descriptive and injunctive norm messaging on healthy eating. METHOD An experiment was done with 405 children in Germany aged 7 to 16. The research design was a 4 (social norms: descriptive vs. injunctive peer vs. injunctive authority vs. control) × 2 (developmental stage: middle childhood vs. adolescence) between-subject design. Children's healthy eating intentions and behaviors were collected as key dependent variables. RESULTS and conclusions: The experimental results suggest that children mainly use a descriptive norm as an information shortcut to behaving "appropriately". This should have a stronger impact on younger children than older ones, although both young and old children consider it easier to understand than an injunctive norm. The experimental results further suggest that an injunctive norm mainly influences children via activation of a motive for maintaining a positive self-image in public, rather than one of affiliation. These results are very important for social research on health, because they can explain why different social norms influence health intentions and behaviors differently. In addition, our finding that injunctive norm conformity is mainly used for impression management purposes can reconcile existing contradictory results on the impact of social norms on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Hang
- School of Management, University of Bath, BA 2 7AY, UK.
| | - Iain Davies
- School of Management, University of Bath, BA 2 7AY, UK
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47
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Dean MA. Identity and the Ethics of Eating Interventions. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2019; 16:353-364. [PMID: 31273601 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-019-09926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although "you are what you eat" is a well-worn cliché, personal identity does not figure prominently in many debates about the ethics of eating interventions. This paper contributes to a growing philosophical literature theorizing the connection between eating and identity and exploring its implications for eating interventions. I explore how "identity-policing," a key mechanism for the social constitution and maintenance of identity, applies to eating and trace its ethical implications for eating interventions. I argue that identity policing can be harmful and that eating interventions can subject people to these harms by invoking identity policing qua intervention strategy or by encouraging people to eat in ways that subject them to policing from others. While these harms may be outweighed by the benefits of the intervention being promoted, they should nonetheless be acknowledged and accounted for. To aid in these evaluations, I consider factors that modulate the presence and severity of identity-policing and discuss strategies for developing less harmful eating interventions. I conclude by considering the relationship between identity-policing and identity loss caused by long-term diet change. This paper contributes to the centering of identity in food ethics and to a more comprehensive picture of identity's ethical importance for eating interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Dean
- Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, 215 New North Hall, 37th and O Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20057, USA.
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48
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Truman E, Elliott C. Identifying food marketing to teenagers: a scoping review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:67. [PMID: 31426809 PMCID: PMC6700978 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teenagers are aggressively targeted by food marketing messages (primarily for unhealthy foods) and susceptible to this messaging due to developmental vulnerabilities and peer-group influence. Yet limited research exists on the exposure and power of food marketing specifically to teenage populations. Research studies often collapse “teenagers” under the umbrella of children or do not recognize the uniqueness of teen-targeted appeals. Child- and teen-targeted marketing strategies are not the same, and this study aims to advance understanding of teen-targeted food marketing by identifying the teen-specific promotion platforms, techniques and indicators detailed in existing literature. Methods A systematic scoping review collected all available literature on food marketing/advertising with the term “teenager” or “adolescent” from nine databases, as well as Google Scholar for grey literature, and a hand search of relevant institutional websites. Included were all peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and grey literature in which food marketing to youth was the central topic of the article, of any study type (i.e., original research, reviews, commentaries and reports), and including any part of the 12–17 age range. Results The 122 articles reviewed define the scope of existing literature on food marketing to young people age 17 and under, identifying leading trends in countries studied (United States, 52%), populations identified (children and teens studied concurrently, 36%), outcomes measured (advertising exposure, 54%), study type (cross-sectional, 58%) and methods used (content analysis, 46%). The promotion platforms and techniques used by food marketers to appeal to young people (as reported in the literature) are also identified and classified. Few studies (7%) use indicators to identify teen-targeted food marketing. Conclusions Unique treatments of teen populations are limited in food marketing literature, as is the application of clear indicators to identify and differentiate teen-targeted food marketing from child- or adult-targeted content. Given the need to better measure the presence and power of teen food marketing, this is a significant oversight in existing literature. The indicators identified will help researchers to develop more accurate strategies for researching and monitoring teen-targeted food promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Truman
- Department of Communication, Media and Film, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Charlene Elliott
- Department of Communication, Media and Film, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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49
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Scott S, Elamin W, Giles EL, Hillier-Brown F, Byrnes K, Connor N, Newbury-Birch D, Ells L. Socio-Ecological Influences on Adolescent (Aged 10-17) Alcohol Use and Unhealthy Eating Behaviours: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081914. [PMID: 31443229 PMCID: PMC6722644 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and risky alcohol consumption are two of the greatest contributors to global disease. Alcohol use contributes directly and indirectly to weight gain. Health behaviours cluster in adolescence and track to adulthood. This review identified and synthesised qualitative research to provide insight into common underlying factors influencing alcohol use and unhealthy eating behaviours amongst young people aged 10–17. Sixty two studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty eight studies focused on alcohol; 34 focused on eating behaviours. Informed by principles of thematic analysis and meta-ethnography, analysis yielded five themes: (1) use of alcohol and unhealthy food to overcome personal problems; (2) unhealthy eating and alcohol use as fun experiences; (3) food, but not alcohol, choices are based on taste; (4) control and restraint; and (5) demonstrating identity through alcohol and food choices. Young people faced pressure, reinforced by industry, to eat and drink in very specific ways, with clear social consequences if their attitudes or behaviour were deemed unacceptable. No qualitative studies were identified with an explicit and concurrent focus on adolescent eating behaviours and alcohol consumption. Further exploratory work is needed to examine the links between food and alcohol in young people’s emotional, social and cultural lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Scott
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK.
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4AX, UK.
| | - Wafa Elamin
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Emma L Giles
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | | | - Kate Byrnes
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Natalie Connor
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Dorothy Newbury-Birch
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Louisa Ells
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
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50
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Socioeconomic Differences and the Potential Role of Tribes in Young People's Food and Drink Purchasing Outside School at Lunchtime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142447. [PMID: 31295801 PMCID: PMC6678615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic deprivation has been linked to food consumption practices, but studies investigating the food environment around schools provide mixed findings. Peer influence and marketing cues are considered important influencers of young people's behaviors. This study used a tribal theory lens to investigate the factors affecting pupils' purchasing and consumption of food/drinks outside schools at lunchtime. A survey was conducted with 243 pupils from seven UK secondary schools of differing socioeconomic status (SES). A purchasing recall questionnaire (PRQ) was developed and administered online at the participating schools to capture food and drink purchasing, intake, and expenditure. No significant differences were found in terms of energy and nutrients consumed or food/drink expenditure between pupils from schools of lower and higher SES. Enjoyment of food shopping with friends was linked with higher food energy intake and spend. Higher susceptibility to peer influence was associated with greater influence from food advertising and endorsements. Without ignoring the impact that SES can have on young people's food choices, we suggest that tribal theory can be additionally used to understand pupils' eating behaviors and we present implications for social marketers and policy makers.
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