1
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Hu Y, Zou Y, Qiao L, Lin L. Integrative proteomic and metabolomic elucidation of cardiomyopathy with in vivo and in vitro models and clinical samples. Mol Ther 2024; 32:3288-3312. [PMID: 39233439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a prevalent cardiovascular disease that affects individuals of all ages and can lead to life-threatening heart failure. Despite its variety in types, each with distinct characteristics and causes, our understanding of cardiomyopathy at a systematic biology level remains incomplete. Mass spectrometry-based techniques have emerged as powerful tools, providing a comprehensive view of the molecular landscape and aiding in the discovery of biomarkers and elucidation of mechanisms. This review highlights the significant potential of integrating proteomic and metabolomic approaches with specialized databases to identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets across different types of cardiomyopathies. In vivo and in vitro models, such as genetically modified mice, patient-derived or induced pluripotent stem cells, and organ chips, are invaluable in exploring the pathophysiological complexities of this disease. By integrating omics approaches with these sophisticated modeling systems, our comprehension of the molecular underpinnings of cardiomyopathy can be greatly enhanced, facilitating the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies. Among the promising therapeutic targets are those involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, sarcomere damage, and metabolic remodeling. These targets hold the potential to advance precision therapy in cardiomyopathy, offering hope for more effective treatments tailored to the specific molecular profiles of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan Hospital, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan Hospital, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan Hospital, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhongshan Hospital, and Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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2
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Du X, Jia H, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Song J. Progress of organoid platform in cardiovascular research. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:88-103. [PMID: 38962658 PMCID: PMC11220467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of death in humans. Various models are necessary for the study of cardiovascular diseases, but once cellular and animal models have some defects, such as insufficient fidelity. As a new technology, organoid has certain advantages and has been used in many applications in the study of cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to summarize the application of organoid platforms in cardiovascular diseases, including organoid construction schemes, modeling, and application of cardiovascular organoids. Advances in cardiovascular organoid research have provided many models for different cardiovascular diseases in a variety of areas, including myocardium, blood vessels, and valves. Physiological and pathological models of different diseases, drug research models, and methods for evaluating and promoting the maturation of different kinds of organ tissues are provided for various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in cardiovascular organ tissues, including construction protocols for cardiovascular organoid tissues and their evaluation system, different types of disease models, and applications of cardiovascular organoid models in various studies. The problems and possible solutions in organoid development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
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3
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Burggren W, Abramova R, Bautista NM, Fritsche Danielson R, Dubansky B, Gupta A, Hansson K, Iyer N, Jagadeeswaran P, Jennbacken K, Rydén-Markinhutha K, Patel V, Raman R, Trivedi H, Vazquez Roman K, Williams S, Wang QD. A larval zebrafish model of cardiac physiological recovery following cardiac arrest and myocardial hypoxic damage. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060230. [PMID: 39263862 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemporary cardiac injury models in zebrafish larvae include cryoinjury, laser ablation, pharmacological treatment and cardiac dysfunction mutations. Although effective in damaging cardiomyocytes, these models lack the important element of myocardial hypoxia, which induces critical molecular cascades within cardiac muscle. We have developed a novel, tractable, high throughput in vivo model of hypoxia-induced cardiac damage that can subsequently be used in screening cardioactive drugs and testing recovery therapies. Our potentially more realistic model for studying cardiac arrest and recovery involves larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) acutely exposed to severe hypoxia (PO2=5-7 mmHg). Such exposure induces loss of mobility quickly followed by cardiac arrest occurring within 120 min in 5 days post fertilization (dpf) and within 40 min at 10 dpf. Approximately 90% of 5 dpf larvae survive acute hypoxic exposure, but survival fell to 30% by 10 dpf. Upon return to air-saturated water, only a subset of larvae resumed heartbeat, occurring within 4 min (5 dpf) and 6-8 min (8-10 dpf). Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output in control larvae before hypoxic exposure were 188±5 bpm, 0.20±0.001 nL and 35.5±2.2 nL/min (n=35), respectively. After briefly falling to zero upon severe hypoxic exposure, heart rate returned to control values by 24 h of recovery. However, reflecting the severe cardiac damage induced by the hypoxic episode, stroke volume and cardiac output remained depressed by ∼50% from control values at 24 h of recovery, and full restoration of cardiac function ultimately required 72 h post-cardiac arrest. Immunohistological staining showed co-localization of Troponin C (identifying cardiomyocytes) and Capase-3 (identifying cellular apoptosis). As an alternative to models employing mechanical or pharmacological damage to the developing myocardium, the highly reproducible cardiac effects of acute hypoxia-induced cardiac arrest in the larval zebrafish represent an alternative, potentially more realistic model that mimics the cellular and molecular consequences of an infarction for studying cardiac tissue hypoxia injury and recovery of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Abramova
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Naim M Bautista
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Regina Fritsche Danielson
- SVP and head of Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Ben Dubansky
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Avi Gupta
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Kenny Hansson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Neha Iyer
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Pudur Jagadeeswaran
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Katarina Rydén-Markinhutha
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
| | - Vishal Patel
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Revathi Raman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Hersh Trivedi
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Karem Vazquez Roman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Steven Williams
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76205, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 50, Sweden
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4
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Wu X, Swanson K, Yildirim Z, Liu W, Liao R, Wu JC. Clinical trials in-a-dish for cardiovascular medicine. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae519. [PMID: 39270727 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases persist as a global health challenge that requires methodological innovation for effective drug development. Conventional pipelines relying on animal models suffer from high failure rates due to significant interspecies variation between humans and animal models. In response, the recently enacted Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act 2.0 encourages alternative approaches including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human iPSCs provide a patient-specific, precise, and screenable platform for drug testing, paving the way for cardiovascular precision medicine. This review discusses milestones in iPSC differentiation and their applications from disease modelling to drug discovery in cardiovascular medicine. It then explores challenges and emerging opportunities for the implementation of 'clinical trials in-a-dish'. Concluding, this review proposes a framework for future clinical trial design with strategic incorporations of iPSC technology, microphysiological systems, clinical pan-omics, and artificial intelligence to improve success rates and advance cardiovascular healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle Swanson
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zehra Yildirim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Woo LA, Wintruba KL, Wissmann B, Tkachenko S, Kubicka E, Farber E, Engkvist O, Barrett I, Granberg KL, Plowright AT, Wolf MJ, Brautigan DL, Bekiranov S, Wang QD, Saucerman JJ. Multi-omic analysis reveals VEGFR2, PI3K, and JNK mediate the small molecule induction of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocyte proliferation. iScience 2024; 27:110485. [PMID: 39171295 PMCID: PMC11338145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hearts lose their regenerative potential shortly after birth. Stimulating the proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac damage. In a previous study, we identified 30 compounds that induced the bona-fide proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Here, we selected five active compounds with diverse targets, including ALK5 and CB1R, and performed multi-omic analyses to identify common mechanisms mediating the cell cycle progression of hiPSC-CM. Transcriptome profiling revealed the top enriched pathways for all compounds including cell cycle, DNA repair, and kinesin pathways. Functional proteomic arrays found that the compounds collectively activated multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including ErbB2, IGF1R, and VEGFR2. Network analysis integrating common transcriptomic and proteomic signatures predicted that MAPK/PI3K pathways mediated compound responses. Furthermore, VEGFR2 negatively regulated endoreplication, enabling the completion of cell division. Thus, in this study, we applied high-content imaging and molecular profiling to establish mechanisms linking pro-proliferative agents to mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L. Wintruba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Bethany Wissmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA
| | - Ewa Kubicka
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ola Engkvist
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Ian Barrett
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB40WG, England
| | - Kenneth L. Granberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Alleyn T. Plowright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - David L. Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 43150 Gothenburg, MöIndal, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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6
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Wen Y, Yang H, Hong Y. Transcriptomic Approaches to Cardiomyocyte-Biomaterial Interactions: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4175-4194. [PMID: 38934720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials, essential for supporting, enhancing, and repairing damaged tissues, play a critical role in various medical applications. This Review focuses on the interaction of biomaterials and cardiomyocytes, emphasizing the unique significance of transcriptomic approaches in understanding their interactions, which are pivotal in cardiac bioengineering and regenerative medicine. Transcriptomic approaches serve as powerful tools to investigate how cardiomyocytes respond to biomaterials, shedding light on the gene expression patterns, regulatory pathways, and cellular processes involved in these interactions. Emerging technologies such as bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics offer promising avenues for more precise and in-depth investigations. Longitudinal studies, pathway analyses, and machine learning techniques further improve the ability to explore the complex regulatory mechanisms involved. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of utilizing transcriptomic techniques in cardiomyocyte-biomaterial research. Although there are ongoing challenges such as costs, cell size limitation, sample differences, and complex analytical process, there exist exciting prospects in comprehensive gene expression analyses, biomaterial design, cardiac disease treatment, and drug testing. These multimodal methodologies have the capacity to deepen our understanding of the intricate interaction network between cardiomyocytes and biomaterials, potentially revolutionizing cardiac research with the aim of promoting heart health, and they are also promising for studying interactions between biomaterials and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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7
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Owais A, Barney M, Ly OT, Brown G, Chen H, Sridhar A, Pavel A, Khetani SR, Darbar D. Genetics and Pharmacogenetics of Atrial Fibrillation: A Mechanistic Perspective. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:918-934. [PMID: 39170958 PMCID: PMC11334418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The heritability of atrial fibrillation (AF) is well established. Over the last decade genetic architecture of AF has been unraveled by genome-wide association studies and family-based studies. However, the translation of these genetic discoveries has lagged owing to an incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the genetic variants, challenges in classifying variants of uncertain significance (VUS), and limitations of existing disease models. We review the mechanistic insight provided by basic science studies regarding AF mechanisms, recent developments in high-throughput classification of VUS, and advances in bioengineered cardiac models for developing personalized therapy for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Owais
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Miles Barney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Olivia Thao Ly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Grace Brown
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hanna Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arvind Sridhar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arif Pavel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salman R. Khetani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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8
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Cofiño-Fabres C, Boonen T, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Rijpkema M, Blauw L, Rensen PCN, Schwach V, Ribeiro MC, Passier R. Micro-Engineered Heart Tissues On-Chip with Heterotypic Cell Composition Display Self-Organization and Improved Cardiac Function. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303664. [PMID: 38471185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro models that recapitulate the structural organization and function of the human heart are highly needed for accurate disease modeling, more predictable drug screening, and safety pharmacology. Conventional 3D Engineered Heart Tissues (EHTs) lack heterotypic cell complexity and culture under flow, whereas microfluidic Heart-on-Chip (HoC) models in general lack the 3D configuration and accurate contractile readouts. In this study, an innovative and user-friendly HoC model is developed to overcome these limitations, by culturing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial (ECs)- and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), together with human cardiac fibroblasts (FBs), underflow, leading to self-organized miniaturized micro-EHTs (µEHTs) with a CM-EC interface reminiscent of the physiological capillary lining. µEHTs cultured under flow display enhanced contractile performance and conduction velocity. In addition, the presence of the EC layer altered drug responses in µEHT contraction. This observation suggests a potential barrier-like function of ECs, which may affect the availability of drugs to the CMs. These cardiac models with increased physiological complexity, will pave the way to screen for therapeutic targets and predict drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Boonen
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - José M Rivera-Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Minke Rijpkema
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Blauw
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- River BioMedics B.V, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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9
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 PMCID: PMC11346450 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P. Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Tan J, Virtue S, Norris DM, Conway OJ, Yang M, Bidault G, Gribben C, Lugtu F, Kamzolas I, Krycer JR, Mills RJ, Liang L, Pereira C, Dale M, Shun-Shion AS, Baird HJ, Horscroft JA, Sowton AP, Ma M, Carobbio S, Petsalaki E, Murray AJ, Gershlick DC, Nathan JA, Hudson JE, Vallier L, Fisher-Wellman KH, Frezza C, Vidal-Puig A, Fazakerley DJ. Limited oxygen in standard cell culture alters metabolism and function of differentiated cells. EMBO J 2024; 43:2127-2165. [PMID: 38580776 PMCID: PMC11148168 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The in vitro oxygen microenvironment profoundly affects the capacity of cell cultures to model physiological and pathophysiological states. Cell culture is often considered to be hyperoxic, but pericellular oxygen levels, which are affected by oxygen diffusivity and consumption, are rarely reported. Here, we provide evidence that several cell types in culture actually experience local hypoxia, with important implications for cell metabolism and function. We focused initially on adipocytes, as adipose tissue hypoxia is frequently observed in obesity and precedes diminished adipocyte function. Under standard conditions, cultured adipocytes are highly glycolytic and exhibit a transcriptional profile indicative of physiological hypoxia. Increasing pericellular oxygen diverted glucose flux toward mitochondria, lowered HIF1α activity, and resulted in widespread transcriptional rewiring. Functionally, adipocytes increased adipokine secretion and sensitivity to insulin and lipolytic stimuli, recapitulating a healthier adipocyte model. The functional benefits of increasing pericellular oxygen were also observed in macrophages, hPSC-derived hepatocytes and cardiac organoids. Our findings demonstrate that oxygen is limiting in many terminally-differentiated cell types, and that considering pericellular oxygen improves the quality, reproducibility and translatability of culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joycelyn Tan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sam Virtue
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Olivia J Conway
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Fatima Lugtu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ioannis Kamzolas
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Lu Liang
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Conceição Pereira
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin Dale
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Harry Jm Baird
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James A Horscroft
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Alice P Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - Marcella Ma
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Evangelia Petsalaki
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, UK
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain.
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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11
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Ciucci G, Braga L, Zacchigna S. Discovery platforms for RNA therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38760893 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA therapeutics are emerging as a unique opportunity to drug currently "undruggable" molecules and diseases. While their advantages over conventional, small molecule drugs, their therapeutic implications and the tools for their effective in vivo delivery have been extensively reviewed, little attention has been so far paid to the technological platforms exploited for the discovery of RNA therapeutics. Here, we provide an overview of the existing platforms and ex vivo assays for RNA discovery, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their main fields of application, with specific focus on RNA therapies that have reached either phase 3 or market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ciucci
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- Functional Cell Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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12
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Chen X, Wu H, Liu Y, Liu L, Houser SR, Wang WE. Metabolic Reprogramming: A Byproduct or a Driver of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation? Circulation 2024; 149:1598-1610. [PMID: 38739695 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Defining mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation should guide the understanding of endogenous cardiac regeneration and could lead to novel treatments for diseases such as myocardial infarction. In the neonatal heart, energy metabolic reprogramming (phenotypic alteration of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism) parallels cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes. The metabolic reprogramming occurring shortly after birth is associated with alterations in blood oxygen levels, metabolic substrate availability, hemodynamic stress, and hormone release. In the adult heart, myocardial infarction causes metabolic reprogramming but these changes cannot stimulate sufficient cardiomyocyte proliferation to replace those lost by the ischemic injury. Some putative pro-proliferative interventions can induce the metabolic reprogramming. Recent data show that altering the metabolic enzymes PKM2 [pyruvate kinase 2], LDHA [lactate dehydrogenase A], PDK4 [pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4], SDH [succinate dehydrogenase], CPT1b [carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b], or HMGCS2 [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2] is sufficient to partially reverse metabolic reprogramming and promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. How metabolic reprogramming regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation is not clearly defined. The possible mechanisms involve biosynthetic pathways from the glycolysis shunts and the epigenetic regulation induced by metabolic intermediates. Metabolic manipulation could represent a new approach to stimulate cardiac regeneration; however, the efficacy of these manipulations requires optimization, and novel molecular targets need to be defined. In this review, we summarize the features, triggers, and molecular regulatory networks responsible for metabolic reprogramming and discuss the current understanding of metabolic reprogramming as a critical determinant of cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Steven R Houser
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (S.R.H.)
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Center (X.C., H.W., Y.L., L.L., W.E.W.), Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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13
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Lee SW, Song M, Woo DH, Jeong GS. Proposal for considerations during human iPSC-derived cardiac organoid generation for cardiotoxicity drug testing. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116511. [PMID: 38574616 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived cardiac organoids (hiPSC-COs) for cardiotoxicity drug testing via the variety of cell lines and unestablished protocols may lead to differences in response results due to a lack of criteria for generation period and size. To ensure reliable drug testing, it is important for researchers to set optimal generation period and size of COs according to the cell line and protocol applied in their studies. Hence, we sought to propose a process to establish minimum criteria for the generation duration and size of hiPSC-COs for cardiotoxic drug testing. We generated hiPSC-COs of different sizes based on our protocol and continuously monitored organoids until they indicated a minimal beating rate change as a control that could lead to more accurate beating rate changes on drug testing. Calcium transients and physiological tests to assess the functionality of hiPSC-COs on selected generation period, which showed regular cardiac beating, and immunostaining assays to compare characteristics were performed. We explained the generation period and size that exhibited and maintained regular beating rate changes on hiPSC-COs, and lead to reliable response results to cardiotoxicity drugs. We anticipate that this study will offer valuable insights into considering the appropriate generation period and size of hiPSC-COs ensuring reliable outcomes in cardiotoxicity drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - MyeongJin Song
- Department of Commercializing iPSC Technology, NEXEL Co., Ltd., Seoul 07802, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of Commercializing iPSC Technology, NEXEL Co., Ltd., Seoul 07802, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Seok Jeong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Khanna A, Oropeza BP, Huang NF. Cardiovascular human organ-on-a-chip platform for disease modeling, drug development, and personalized therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:512-523. [PMID: 37668192 PMCID: PMC11089005 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices are composed of engineered or native functional tissues that are cultured under controlled microenvironments inside microchips. These systems employ microfabrication and tissue engineering techniques to recapitulate human physiology. This review focuses on human OoC systems to model cardiovascular diseases, to perform drug screening, and to advance personalized medicine. We also address the challenges in the generation of organ chips that can revolutionize the large-scale application of these systems for drug development and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beu P. Oropeza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngan F. Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Min S, Kim S, Sim WS, Choi YS, Joo H, Park JH, Lee SJ, Kim H, Lee MJ, Jeong I, Cui B, Jo SH, Kim JJ, Hong SB, Choi YJ, Ban K, Kim YG, Park JU, Lee HA, Park HJ, Cho SW. Versatile human cardiac tissues engineered with perfusable heart extracellular microenvironment for biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2564. [PMID: 38519491 PMCID: PMC10960018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered human cardiac tissues have been utilized for various biomedical applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, the applications of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells are often limited due to their immaturity and lack of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we establish a perfusable culture system based on in vivo-like heart microenvironments to improve human cardiac tissue fabrication. The integrated culture platform of a microfluidic chip and a three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances human cardiac tissue development and their structural and functional maturation. These tissues are comprised of cardiovascular lineage cells, including cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells. The resultant macroscale human cardiac tissues exhibit improved efficacy in drug testing (small molecules with various levels of arrhythmia risk), disease modeling (Long QT Syndrome and cardiac fibrosis), and regenerative therapy (myocardial infarction treatment). Therefore, our culture system can serve as a highly effective tissue-engineering platform to provide human cardiac tissues for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Baofang Cui
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Caudal A, Snyder MP, Wu JC. Harnessing human genetics and stem cells for precision cardiovascular medicine. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100445. [PMID: 38359791 PMCID: PMC10879032 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) platforms are valuable for biomedical and pharmaceutical research by providing tissue-specific human cells that retain patients' genetic integrity and display disease phenotypes in a dish. Looking forward, combining iPSC phenotyping platforms with genomic and screening technologies will continue to pave new directions for precision medicine, including genetic prediction, visualization, and treatment of heart disease. This review summarizes the recent use of iPSC technology to unpack the influence of genetic variants in cardiovascular pathology. We focus on various state-of-the-art genomic tools for cardiovascular therapies-including the expansion of genetic toolkits for molecular interrogation, in vitro population studies, and function-based drug screening-and their current applications in patient- and genome-edited iPSC platforms that are heralding new avenues for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Caudal
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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17
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Nakano H, Nakano A. The role of metabolism in cardiac development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:201-243. [PMID: 38556424 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism is the fundamental process that sustains life. The heart, in particular, is an organ of high energy demand, and its energy substrates have been studied for more than a century. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of metabolism in the early differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and in cancer research. Studies have revealed that metabolic intermediates from glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle act as co-factors for intracellular signal transduction, playing crucial roles in regulating cell behaviors. Mitochondria, as the central hub of metabolism, are also under intensive investigation regarding the regulation of their dynamics. The metabolic environment of the fetus is intricately linked to the maternal metabolic status, and the impact of the mother's nutrition and metabolic health on fetal development is significant. For instance, it is well known that maternal diabetes increases the risk of cardiac and nervous system malformations in the fetus. Another notable example is the decrease in the risk of neural tube defects when pregnant women are supplemented with folic acid. These examples highlight the profound influence of the maternal metabolic environment on the fetal organ development program. Therefore, gaining insights into the metabolic environment within developing fetal organs is critical for deepening our understanding of normal organ development. This review aims to summarize recent findings that build upon the historical recognition of the environmental and metabolic factors involved in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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18
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Khandani B, Movahedin M. Learning Towards Maturation of Defined Feeder-free Pluripotency Culture Systems: Lessons from Conventional Feeder-based Systems. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:484-494. [PMID: 38079087 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are widely recognized as one of the most promising types of stem cells for applications in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. This is due to their unique ability to differentiate into cells from all three germ layers and their capacity for indefinite self-renewal. Initially, PSCs were cultured using animal feeder cells, but these systems presented several limitations, particularly in terms of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) regulations. As a result, feeder-free systems were introduced as a safer alternative. However, the precise mechanisms by which feeder cells support pluripotency are not fully understood. More importantly, it has been observed that some aspects of the need for feeder cells like the optimal density and cell type can vary depending on conditions such as the developmental stage of the PSCs, phases of the culture protocol, the method used in culture for induction of pluripotency, and intrinsic variability of PSCs. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the divergent roles and necessity of feeder cells in various conditions would lead to the development of condition-specific defined feeder-free systems that resolve the failure of current feeder-free systems in some conditions. Therefore, this review aims to explore considerable feeder-related issues that can lead to the development of condition-specific feeder-free systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Khandani
- Department of Stem Cells Technology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Tehran, 14115111, Iran.
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19
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Roland TJ, Song K. Advances in the Generation of Constructed Cardiac Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery. Cells 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38334642 PMCID: PMC10854966 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human heart lacks significant regenerative capacity; thus, the solution to heart failure (HF) remains organ donation, requiring surgery and immunosuppression. The demand for constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) to model and treat disease continues to grow. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) manipulation, CRISPR gene editing, and 3D tissue culture have enabled a boom in iPSC-derived CCTs (iPSC-CCTs) with diverse cell types and architecture. Compared with 2D-cultured cells, iPSC-CCTs better recapitulate heart biology, demonstrating the potential to advance organ modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, though iPSC-CCTs could benefit from better methods to faithfully mimic heart physiology and electrophysiology. Here, we summarize advances in iPSC-CCTs and future developments in the vascularization, immunization, and maturation of iPSC-CCTs for study and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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20
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Strash N, DeLuca S, Janer Carattini GL, Chen Y, Wu T, Helfer A, Scherba J, Wang I, Jain M, Naseri R, Bursac N. Time-dependent effects of BRAF-V600E on cell cycling, metabolism, and function in engineered myocardium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh2598. [PMID: 38266090 PMCID: PMC10807800 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Candidate cardiomyocyte (CM) mitogens such as those affecting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway represent potential targets for functional heart regeneration. We explored whether activating ERK via a constitutively active mutant of B-raf proto-oncogene (BRAF), BRAF-V600E (caBRAF), can induce proproliferative effects in neonatal rat engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). Sustained CM-specific caBRAF expression induced chronic ERK activation, substantial tissue growth, deficit in sarcomeres and contractile function, and tissue stiffening, all of which persisted for at least 4 weeks of culture. caBRAF-expressing CMs in ECTs exhibited broad transcriptomic changes, shift to glycolytic metabolism, loss of connexin-43, and a promigratory phenotype. Transient, doxycycline-controlled caBRAF expression revealed that the induction of CM cycling is rapid and precedes functional decline, and the effects are reversible only with short-lived ERK activation. Together, direct activation of the BRAF kinase is sufficient to modulate CM cycling and functional phenotype, offering mechanistic insights into roles of ERK signaling in the context of cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia DeLuca
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | | | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Abbigail Helfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Jacob Scherba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Isabella Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Mehul Jain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Ramona Naseri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
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21
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Friedman CE, Cheetham SW, Negi S, Mills RJ, Ogawa M, Redd MA, Chiu HS, Shen S, Sun Y, Mizikovsky D, Bouveret R, Chen X, Voges HK, Paterson S, De Angelis JE, Andersen SB, Cao Y, Wu Y, Jafrani YMA, Yoon S, Faulkner GJ, Smith KA, Porrello E, Harvey RP, Hogan BM, Nguyen Q, Zeng J, Kikuchi K, Hudson JE, Palpant NJ. HOPX-associated molecular programs control cardiomyocyte cell states underpinning cardiac structure and function. Dev Cell 2024; 59:91-107.e6. [PMID: 38091997 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Genomic regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation is central to heart development and function. This study uses genetic loss-of-function human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to evaluate the genomic regulatory basis of the non-DNA-binding homeodomain protein HOPX. We show that HOPX interacts with and controls cardiac genes and enhancer networks associated with diverse aspects of heart development. Using perturbation studies in vitro, we define how upstream cell growth and proliferation control HOPX transcription to regulate cardiac gene programs. We then use cell, organoid, and zebrafish regeneration models to demonstrate that HOPX-regulated gene programs control cardiomyocyte function in development and disease. Collectively, this study mechanistically links cell signaling pathways as upstream regulators of HOPX transcription to control gene programs underpinning cardiomyocyte identity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Seth W Cheetham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sumedha Negi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masahito Ogawa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Meredith A Redd
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Romaric Bouveret
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Holly K Voges
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jessica E De Angelis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanzhao Cao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yohaann M A Jafrani
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sohye Yoon
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Faulkner
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Enzo Porrello
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kazu Kikuchi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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22
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Grimes KM, Maillet M, Swoboda CO, Bowers SLK, Millay DP, Molkentin JD. MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling regulates the cardiomyocyte non-sarcomeric actin cytoskeletal network. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H180-H189. [PMID: 37999644 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
During select pathological conditions, the heart can hypertrophy and remodel in either a dilated or concentric ventricular geometry, which is associated with lengthening or widening of cardiomyocytes, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway has been implicated in these differential types of growth such that cardiac overexpression of activated MEK1 causes profound concentric hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte thickening, while genetic ablation of the genes encoding ERK1/2 in the mouse heart causes dilation and cardiomyocyte lengthening. However, the mechanisms by which this kinase signaling pathway controls cardiomyocyte directional growth as well as its downstream effectors are poorly understood. To investigate this, we conducted an unbiased phosphoproteomic screen in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with an activated MEK1 adenovirus, the MEK1 inhibitor U0126, or an eGFP adenovirus control. Bioinformatic analysis identified cytoskeletal-related proteins as the largest subset of differentially phosphorylated proteins. Phos-tag and traditional Western blotting were performed to confirm that many cytoskeletal proteins displayed changes in phosphorylation with manipulations in MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling. From this, we hypothesized that the actin cytoskeleton would be changed in vivo in the mouse heart. Indeed, we found that activated MEK1 transgenic mice and gene-deleted mice lacking ERK1/2 protein had enhanced non-sarcomeric actin expression in cardiomyocytes compared with wild-type control hearts. Consistent with these results, cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin were increased at the subcortical intracellular regions of adult cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest that MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling influences the non-sarcomeric cytoskeletal actin network, which may be important for facilitating the growth of cardiomyocytes in length and/or width.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we performed an unbiased analysis of the total phosphoproteome downstream of MEK1-ERK1/2 kinase signaling in cardiomyocytes. Pathway analysis suggested that proteins of the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton were the most differentially affected. We showed that cytoplasmic β-actin and γ-actin isoforms, regulated by MEK1-ERK1/2, are localized to the subcortical space at both lateral membranes and intercalated discs of adult cardiomyocytes suggesting how MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling might underlie directional growth of adult cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Marjorie Maillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Casey O Swoboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Stephanie L K Bowers
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Doug P Millay
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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23
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhang T, Ge Y, Wan X, Liang G. Cardiac Organoids: A 3D Technology for Disease Modeling and Drug Screening. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4987-5003. [PMID: 37497713 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230727104911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, there is increasing attention to developing physiological-related in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for personalized healthcare and preclinical test. Recently, more complex and powerful in vitro models have emerged for cardiac research. Human cardiac organoids (HCOs) are three-dimensional (3D) cellular constructs similar to in vivo organs. They are derived from pluripotent stem cells and can replicate the structure, function, and biogenetic information of primitive tissues. High-fidelity HCOs are closer to natural human myocardial tissue than animal and cell models to some extent, which helps to study better the development process of the heart and the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we introduce the methods for constructing HCOs and the application of them, especially in cardiovascular disease modeling and cardiac drug screening. In addition, we propose the prospects and limitations of HCOs. In summary, we have introduced the research progress of HCOs and described their innovation and practicality of them in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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24
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Roberto de Barros N, Wang C, Maity S, Peirsman A, Nasiri R, Herland A, Ermis M, Kawakita S, Gregatti Carvalho B, Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi N, Donizetti Herculano R, Tirpáková Z, Mohammad Hossein Dabiri S, Lucas Tanaka J, Falcone N, Choroomi A, Chen R, Huang S, Zisblatt E, Huang Y, Rashad A, Khorsandi D, Gangrade A, Voskanian L, Zhu Y, Li B, Akbari M, Lee J, Remzi Dokmeci M, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Engineered organoids for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115142. [PMID: 37967768 PMCID: PMC10842104 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for personalized therapeutic interventions and high-throughput drug screening, organoids have gained significant attention recently. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in engineering organoids and using materials engineering, biochemical modifications, and advanced manufacturing technologies to improve organoid culture and replicate vital anatomical structures and functions of human tissues. We then explore the diverse biomedical applications of organoids, including drug development and disease modeling, and highlight the tools and analytical techniques used to investigate organoids and their microenvironments. We also examine the latest clinical trials and patents related to organoids that show promise for future clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of using organoids to advance biomedical research and potentially transform personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Arne Peirsman
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bruna Gregatti Carvalho
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Negar Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioengineering and Biomaterials Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Zuzana Tirpáková
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jean Lucas Tanaka
- Butantan Institute, Viral Biotechnology Laboratory, São Paulo, SP Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Auveen Choroomi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - RunRun Chen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Elisheva Zisblatt
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Leon Voskanian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; Autonomy Research Center for STEAHM (ARCS), California State University, Northridge, CA 91324, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
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25
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Ghosheh M, Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Ayyash M, Goldfracht I, Cohen M, Fischer A, Mintz Y, Gepstein L, Nahmias Y. Electro-metabolic coupling in multi-chambered vascularized human cardiac organoids. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1493-1513. [PMID: 37550423 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of cardiac physiology is hindered by physiological differences between humans and small-animal models. Here we report the generation of multi-chambered self-paced vascularized human cardiac organoids formed under anisotropic stress and their applicability to the study of cardiac arrhythmia. Sensors embedded in the cardiac organoids enabled the simultaneous measurement of oxygen uptake, extracellular field potentials and cardiac contraction at resolutions higher than 10 Hz. This microphysiological system revealed 1 Hz cardiac respiratory cycles that are coupled to the electrical rather than the mechanical activity of cardiomyocytes. This electro-mitochondrial coupling was driven by mitochondrial calcium oscillations driving respiration cycles. Pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of this coupling results in arrhythmogenic behaviour. We show that the chemotherapeutic mitoxantrone induces arrhythmia through disruption of this pathway, a process that can be partially reversed by the co-administration of metformin. Our microphysiological cardiac systems may further facilitate the study of the mitochondrial dynamics of cardiac rhythms and advance our understanding of human cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghosheh
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Ehrlich
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Muneef Ayyash
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amit Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Mintz
- Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- Sohnis Research Laboratory for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cardiology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Tissue Dynamics, LTD, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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26
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van Loo B, Ten Den SA, Araújo-Gomes N, de Jong V, Snabel RR, Schot M, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Veenstra GJC, Passier R, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Mass production of lumenogenic human embryoid bodies and functional cardiospheres using in-air-generated microcapsules. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6685. [PMID: 37865642 PMCID: PMC10590445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are engineered 3D miniature tissues that are defined by their organ-like structures, which drive a fundamental understanding of human development. However, current organoid generation methods are associated with low production throughputs and poor control over size and function including due to organoid merging, which limits their clinical and industrial translation. Here, we present a microfluidic platform for the mass production of lumenogenic embryoid bodies and functional cardiospheres. Specifically, we apply triple-jet in-air microfluidics for the ultra-high-throughput generation of hollow, thin-shelled, hydrogel microcapsules that can act as spheroid-forming bioreactors in a cytocompatible, oil-free, surfactant-free, and size-controlled manner. Uniquely, we show that microcapsules generated by in-air microfluidics provide a lumenogenic microenvironment with near 100% efficient cavitation of spheroids. We demonstrate that upon chemical stimulation, human pluripotent stem cell-derived spheroids undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation, effectively resulting in the mass production of homogeneous and functional cardiospheres that are responsive to external electrical stimulation. These findings drive clinical and industrial adaption of stem cell technology in tissue engineering and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Loo
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent de Jong
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca R Snabel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Schot
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - José M Rivera-Arbeláez
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Kamperman
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
- IamFluidics B.V., De Veldmaat 17, 7522NM, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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27
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Benko A, Webster TJ. How to fix a broken heart-designing biofunctional cues for effective, environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267018. [PMID: 37901157 PMCID: PMC10602933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases bear strong socioeconomic and ecological impact on the worldwide healthcare system. A large consumption of goods, use of polymer-based cardiovascular biomaterials, and long hospitalization times add up to an extensive carbon footprint on the environment often turning out to be ineffective at healing such cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, cardiac cell toxicity is among the most severe but common side effect of drugs used to treat numerous diseases from COVID-19 to diabetes, often resulting in the withdrawal of such pharmaceuticals from the market. Currently, most patients that have suffered from cardiovascular disease will never fully recover. All of these factors further contribute to the extensive negative toll pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical companies have on the environment. Hence, there is a dire need to develop new environmentally-friendly strategies that on the one hand would promise cardiac tissue regeneration after damage and on the other hand would offer solutions for the fast screening of drugs to ensure that they do not cause cardiovascular toxicity. Importantly, both require one thing-a mature, functioning cardiac tissue that can be fabricated in a fast, reliable, and repeatable manner from environmentally friendly biomaterials in the lab. This is not an easy task to complete as numerous approaches have been undertaken, separately and combined, to achieve it. This review gathers such strategies and provides insights into which succeed or fail and what is needed for the field of environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering to prosper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Program in Materials Science, UFPI, Teresina, Brazil
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28
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Romeo SG, Secco I, Schneider E, Reumiller CM, Santos CXC, Zoccarato A, Musale V, Pooni A, Yin X, Theofilatos K, Trevelin SC, Zeng L, Mann GE, Pathak V, Harkin K, Stitt AW, Medina RJ, Margariti A, Mayr M, Shah AM, Giacca M, Zampetaki A. Human blood vessel organoids reveal a critical role for CTGF in maintaining microvascular integrity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5552. [PMID: 37689702 PMCID: PMC10492781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The microvasculature plays a key role in tissue perfusion and exchange of gases and metabolites. In this study we use human blood vessel organoids (BVOs) as a model of the microvasculature. BVOs fully recapitulate key features of the human microvasculature, including the reliance of mature endothelial cells on glycolytic metabolism, as concluded from metabolic flux assays and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using stable tracing of 13C-glucose. Pharmacological targeting of PFKFB3, an activator of glycolysis, using two chemical inhibitors results in rapid BVO restructuring, vessel regression with reduced pericyte coverage. PFKFB3 mutant BVOs also display similar structural remodelling. Proteomic analysis of the BVO secretome reveal remodelling of the extracellular matrix and differential expression of paracrine mediators such as CTGF. Treatment with recombinant CTGF recovers microvessel structure. In this work we demonstrate that BVOs rapidly undergo restructuring in response to metabolic changes and identify CTGF as a critical paracrine regulator of microvascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Romeo
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Secco
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Edoardo Schneider
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Vishal Musale
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Aman Pooni
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Silvia Cellone Trevelin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Varun Pathak
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kevin Harkin
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Reinhold J Medina
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.
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29
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
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30
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Yang H, Yang Y, Kiskin FN, Shen M, Zhang JZ. Recent advances in regulating the proliferation or maturation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:228. [PMID: 37649113 PMCID: PMC10469435 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM)-based cell therapy has drawn broad attention as a potential therapy for treating injured hearts. However, mass production of hiPSC-CMs remains challenging, limiting their translational potential in regenerative medicine. Therefore, multiple strategies including cell cycle regulators, small molecules, co-culture systems, and epigenetic modifiers have been used to improve the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs. On the other hand, the immaturity of these proliferative hiPSC-CMs could lead to lethal arrhythmias due to their limited ability to functionally couple with resident cardiomyocytes. To achieve functional maturity, numerous methods such as prolonged culture, biochemical or biophysical stimulation, in vivo transplantation, and 3D culture approaches have been employed. In this review, we summarize recent approaches used to promote hiPSC-CM proliferation, and thoroughly review recent advances in promoting hiPSC-CM maturation, which will serve as the foundation for large-scale production of mature hiPSC-CMs for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Fedir N Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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31
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Huang L, Wang Q, Gu S, Cao N. Integrated metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms in cardiomyocyte proliferation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 181:79-88. [PMID: 37331466 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease continues to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily attributed to the restricted regenerative potential of the adult human heart following injury. In contrast to their adult counterparts, many neonatal mammals can spontaneously regenerate their myocardium in the first few days of life via extensive proliferation of the pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Reasons for the decline in regenerative capacity during postnatal development, and how to control it, remain largely unexplored. Accumulated evidence suggests that the preservation of regenerative potential depends on a conducive metabolic state in the embryonic and neonatal heart. Along with the postnatal increase in oxygenation and workload, the mammalian heart undergoes a metabolic transition, shifting its primary metabolic substrate from glucose to fatty acids shortly after birth for energy advantage. This metabolic switch causes cardiomyocyte cell-cycle arrest, which is widely regarded as a key mechanism for the loss of regenerative capacity. Beyond energy provision, emerging studies have suggested a link between this intracellular metabolism dynamics and postnatal epigenetic remodeling of the mammalian heart that reshapes the expression of many genes important for cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration, since many epigenetic enzymes utilize kinds of metabolites as obligate cofactors or substrates. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of metabolism and metabolite-mediated epigenetic modifications in cardiomyocyte proliferation, with a particular focus on highlighting the potential therapeutic targets that hold promise to treat human heart failure via metabolic and epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangdong 510080, China.
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32
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Maas RGC, van den Dolder FW, Yuan Q, van der Velden J, Wu SM, Sluijter JPG, Buikema JW. Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production. Development 2023; 150:dev201483. [PMID: 37560977 PMCID: PMC10445742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Developmental research has attempted to untangle the exact signals that control heart growth and size, with knockout studies in mice identifying pivotal roles for Wnt and Hippo signaling during embryonic and fetal heart growth. Despite this improved understanding, no clinically relevant therapies are yet available to compensate for the loss of functional adult myocardium and the absence of mature cardiomyocyte renewal that underlies cardiomyopathies of multiple origins. It remains of great interest to understand which mechanisms are responsible for the decline in proliferation in adult hearts and to elucidate new strategies for the stimulation of cardiac regeneration. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that regulate the proliferation of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic heart and appear to be upregulated in postnatal injured hearts. In this Review, we highlight the interaction of signaling pathways in heart development and discuss how this knowledge has been translated into current technologies for cardiomyocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee G. C. Maas
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floor W. van den Dolder
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qianliang Yuan
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Buikema
- Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Zhao S, Zhang Q, Liu M, Du J, Wang T, Li Y, Zeng W. Application of stem cells in engineered vascular graft and vascularized organs. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 144:31-40. [PMID: 36411157 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report that stem cell therapies have been applied successfully to patients, This has increased anticipations that this regeneration strategy could be a potential method to treat a wide range of intractable diseases some day. Stem cells offer new prospects for the treatment of incurable diseases and for tissue regeneration and repairation because of their unique biological properties. Angiogenesis a key process in tissue regeneration and repairation. Vascularization of organs is one of the main challenges hindering the clinical application of engineered tissues. Efficient production of engineered vascular grafts and vascularized organs is of critical importance for regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on the types of stem cells that are widely used in tissue engineering and regeneration, as well as their application of these stem cells in the construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts and vascularization of tissue-engineered organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlan Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pain and Rehabilitation, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Du
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, People's Republic China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing, China.
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34
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Muniyandi P, O’Hern C, Popa MA, Aguirre A. Biotechnological advances and applications of human pluripotent stem cell-derived heart models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1214431. [PMID: 37560538 PMCID: PMC10407810 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant biotechnological advancements have been made in engineering human cardiac tissues and organ-like models. This field of research is crucial for both basic and translational research due to cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in the developed world. Additionally, drug-associated cardiotoxicity poses a major challenge for drug development in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Progress in three-dimensional cell culture and microfluidic devices has enabled the generation of human cardiac models that faithfully recapitulate key aspects of human physiology. In this review, we will discuss 3D pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-models of the human heart, such as engineered heart tissues and organoids, and their applications in disease modeling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshni Muniyandi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Colin O’Hern
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mirel Adrian Popa
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology Nicolae Simionescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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35
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications—Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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36
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Correia CD, Ferreira A, Fernandes MT, Silva BM, Esteves F, Leitão HS, Bragança J, Calado SM. Human Stem Cells for Cardiac Disease Modeling and Preclinical and Clinical Applications-Are We on the Road to Success? Cells 2023; 12:1727. [PMID: 37443761 PMCID: PMC10341347 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading cause of death, contributing to a significant and growing global health and economic burden. Despite advancements in clinical approaches, there is a critical need for innovative cardiovascular treatments to improve patient outcomes. Therapies based on adult stem cells (ASCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate damaged cardiac tissue and restore cardiac function. Moreover, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells has opened new avenues for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine applications, with fewer ethical concerns than those associated with ESCs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review on the application of human pluripotent stem cells in CVD research and clinics. We describe the types and sources of stem cells that have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials for the treatment of CVDs as well as the applications of pluripotent stem-cell-derived in vitro systems to mimic disease phenotypes. How human stem-cell-based in vitro systems can overcome the limitations of current toxicological studies is also discussed. Finally, the current state of clinical trials involving stem-cell-based approaches to treat CVDs are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses are critically discussed to assess whether researchers and clinicians are getting closer to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia D. Correia
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anita Ferreira
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Mónica T. Fernandes
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara M. Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Leitão
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia M. Calado
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.D.C.); (A.F.); (M.T.F.); (B.M.S.); (F.E.); (H.S.L.); (J.B.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Universidade do Algarve—Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Edwards W, Greco TM, Miner GE, Barker NK, Herring L, Cohen S, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies global protein network dynamics in murine embryonic heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1087-1105.e4. [PMID: 37148880 PMCID: PMC10330608 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that govern heart development is essential for identifying the etiology of congenital heart disease. Here, quantitative proteomics was used to measure temporal changes in the proteome at critical stages of murine embryonic heart development. Global temporal profiles of the over 7,300 proteins uncovered signature cardiac protein interaction networks that linked protein dynamics with molecular pathways. Using this integrated dataset, we identified and demonstrated a functional role for the mevalonate pathway in regulating the cell cycle of embryonic cardiomyocytes. Overall, our proteomic datasets are a resource for studying events that regulate embryonic heart development and contribute to congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gregory E Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA.
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38
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Soares BX, Miranda CC, Fernandes TG. Systems bioengineering approaches for developmental toxicology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3272-3279. [PMID: 38213895 PMCID: PMC10781881 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental toxicology is the field of study that examines the effects of chemical and physical agents on developing organisms. By using principles of systems biology and bioengineering, a systems bioengineering approach could be applied to study the complex interactions between developing organisms, the environment, and toxic agents. This approach would result in a holistic understanding of the effects of toxic agents on organisms, by considering the interactions between different biological systems and the impacts of toxicants on those interactions. It would be useful in identifying key biological pathways and mechanisms affected by toxic agents, as well as in the development of predictive models to assess potential risks of exposure to toxicants during development. In this review, we discuss the relevance of systems bioengineering to the field of developmental toxicity and provide up-to-date examples that illustrate the use of engineering principles for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Xavier Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- AccelBio, Collaborative Laboratory to Foster Translation and Drug Discovery, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Li J, Yang J, Zhao D, Lei W, Hu S. Promises and challenges of cardiac organoids. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:351-356. [PMID: 37016187 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are currently the main cause of death. The study of the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases is still a major challenge. Traditional 2D cultured cells and animal models have certain limitations. Heart organoids as models can simulate the structure and function of the body, providing a new research strategy. This paper mainly discusses the development of organoids and their application in the study of the cardiac developmental process, drug screening and treatment of genetic and non-genetic diseases, concluding with their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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40
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Chin IL, Amos SE, Jeong JH, Hool L, Hwang Y, Choi YS. Volume adaptation of neonatal cardiomyocyte spheroids in 3D stiffness gradient GelMA. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:801-813. [PMID: 36239543 PMCID: PMC10952714 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Present understandings of cardiomyocyte mechanobiology have primarily been developed using 2-dimensional, monocellular cell cultures, however the emergence of 3-dimensional (3D) multicellular cardiac constructs has enabled us to develop more sophisticated recapitulations of the cardiac microenvironment. Several of these strategies have illustrated that incorporating elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote greater maturation and enhance desirable cardiac functions, such as contractility, but the responses of these cardiac constructs to biophysically aberrant conditions, such as in the post-infarct heart, has remained relatively unexplored. In our study, we employ a stiffness gradient gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel platform to unpack the mechanobiology of cardiac spheroids. We encapsulated neonatal rat cardiac cell spheroids in a 4.4-18.7 kPa linear stiffness gradient up to 120 h. We found the proportion of viable cells within the spheroids increased over time, but the cell number per spheroid decreased. Spheroids expand more in softer matrices while stiffer matrices promote larger nuclei without changing nuclei shape. Volume expansion came primarily from cells expressing vimentin. We did not observe any correlations between stiffness and mechanomarker expression, however we found that after 120 h post-encapsulation, the localization of YAP, the localization of MRTF-A and the expression of Lamin-A was correlated with spheroid morphology. The same trends were not observed 24 h post-encapsulation, indicating that volume adaptation can take a relatively long time. Our data demonstrates that cardiac spheroids are mechanosensitive and that their capacity to respond to ECM-based cues depends on their capacity to adapt their volume with a 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian L. Chin
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sebastian E. Amos
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science (SIMS)Soonchunhyang UniversityCheonan‐siChungnam‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical ScienceSoonchunhyang UniversityAsan‐siChungnam‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science (SIMS)Soonchunhyang UniversityCheonan‐siChungnam‐doRepublic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical ScienceSoonchunhyang UniversityAsan‐siChungnam‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Zhang C, Sun Y, Chen Z. An Efficient and Reproducible Method for the Isolation and Culture of Primary Cardiomyocytes from Adult Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2023. [PMID: 37262192 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish is a popular animal model in regeneration studies due to their ability to regenerate the heart. Primary cardiomyocytes could be an alternative tool for studying the intrinsic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in vitro. Thus, our objective is to develop an efficient protocol to isolate primary cardiomyocytes from zebrafish hearts. Low concentration of digestive enzyme (0.5 mg/mL collagenase type II) was utilized in our protocol to obtain single-cell suspension. The ventricles were fragmented, mechanically pipetted, and constantly shaken to ensure adequate contact between the tissues and the enzyme. Preplating the cell suspension onto culture plates for 2 h helped remove cardiac fibroblasts. The purity of isolated cells was validated by flow cytometry analysis of transgenic zebrafish with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or endothelial cell-specific expression of mCherry. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a high level of the purity, with cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epicardial cell markers scarcely detected in the purified cells. Altogether, this study established a reproducible protocol for isolating primary cardiomyocytes with high purity and activity from adult zebrafish hearts that can be cultured in vitro for up to 4 weeks. This protocol provides a valuable tool for studying the intrinsic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in vitro using primary cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cao Y, Redd MA, Fang C, Mizikovsky D, Li X, Macdonald PS, King GF, Palpant NJ. New Drug Targets and Preclinical Modelling Recommendations for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2023:S1443-9506(23)00139-7. [PMID: 37230806 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the primary underlying risk factor for heart failure. Despite decades of research and clinical trials, there are no drugs currently available to prevent organ damage from acute ischaemic injuries of the heart. In order to address the increasing global burden of heart failure, drug, gene, and cell-based regeneration technologies are advancing into clinical testing. In this review we highlight the burden of disease associated with AMI and the therapeutic landscape based on market analyses. New studies revealing the role of acid-sensitive cardiac ion channels and other proton-gated ion channels in cardiac ischaemia are providing renewed interest in pre- and post-conditioning agents with novel mechanisms of action that may also have implications for gene- and cell-based therapeutics. Furthermore, we present guidelines that couple new cell technologies and data resources with traditional animal modelling pipelines to help de-risk drug candidates aimed at treating AMI. We propose that improved preclinical pipelines and increased investment in drug target identification for AMI is critical to stem the increasing global health burden of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhao Cao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Meredith A Redd
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Chen Fang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Xichun Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter S Macdonald
- Cardiopulmonary Transplant Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Chaudhari U, Pohjolainen L, Ruskoaho H, Talman V. Genome-wide profiling of miRNA-gene regulatory networks in mouse postnatal heart development-implications for cardiac regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1148618. [PMID: 37283582 PMCID: PMC10241105 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1148618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After birth, mammalian cardiomyocytes substantially lose proliferative capacity with a concomitant switch from glycolytic to oxidative mitochondrial energy metabolism. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and thus control various cellular processes. Their roles in the postnatal loss of cardiac regeneration are however still largely unclear. Here, we aimed to identify miRNA-gene regulatory networks in the neonatal heart to uncover role of miRNAs in regulation of cell cycle and metabolism. Methods and results We performed global miRNA expression profiling using total RNA extracted from mouse ventricular tissue samples collected on postnatal day 1 (P01), P04, P09, and P23. We used the miRWalk database to predict the potential target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs and our previously published mRNA transcriptomics data to identify verified target genes that showed a concomitant differential expression in the neonatal heart. We then analyzed the biological functions of the identified miRNA-gene regulatory networks using enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses. Altogether 46 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the distinct stages of neonatal heart development. For twenty miRNAs, up- or downregulation took place within the first 9 postnatal days thus correlating temporally with the loss of cardiac regeneration. Importantly, for several miRNAs, including miR-150-5p, miR-484, and miR-210-3p there are no previous reports about their role in cardiac development or disease. The miRNA-gene regulatory networks of upregulated miRNAs negatively regulated biological processes and KEGG pathways related to cell proliferation, while downregulated miRNAs positively regulated biological processes and KEGG pathways associated with activation of mitochondrial metabolism and developmental hypertrophic growth. Conclusion This study reports miRNAs and miRNA-gene regulatory networks with no previously described role in cardiac development or disease. These findings may help in elucidating regulatory mechanism of cardiac regeneration and in the development of regenerative therapies.
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Vandana JJ, Manrique C, Lacko LA, Chen S. Human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organoids for drug discovery and evaluation. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:571-591. [PMID: 37146581 PMCID: PMC10775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and three-dimensional organoids have ushered in a new era for disease modeling and drug discovery. Over the past decade, significant progress has been in deriving functional organoids from hPSCs, which have been applied to recapitulate disease phenotypes. In addition, these advancements have extended the application of hPSCs and organoids for drug screening and clinical-trial safety evaluations. This review provides an overview of the achievements and challenges in using hPSC-derived organoids to conduct relevant high-throughput, high-contentscreens and drug evaluation. These studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge and toolbox for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Manrique
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ established during embryogenesis. Investigating heart development and disease is a fascinating and crucial field of research because cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is great interest in establishing in vitro models for recapitulating both physiological and pathological aspects of human heart development, tissue function and malfunction. Derived from pluripotent stem cells, a large variety of three-dimensional cardiac in vitro models have been introduced in recent years. In this At a Glance article, we discuss the available methods to generate such models, grouped according to the following classification: cardiac organoids, cardiac microtissues and engineered cardiac tissues. For these models, we provide a systematic overview of their applications for disease modeling and therapeutic development, as well as their advantages and limitations to assist scientists in choosing the most suitable model for their research purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
- Authors for correspondence (; )
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Rivera‐Arbeláez JM, Keekstra D, Cofiño‐Fabres C, Boonen T, Dostanic M, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, Mastrangeli M, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Ribeiro MC, Strisciuglio N, Passier R. Automated assessment of human engineered heart tissues using deep learning and template matching for segmentation and tracking. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10513. [PMID: 37206226 PMCID: PMC10189437 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate of drug withdrawal from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity or lack of efficacy, the economic burden, and extremely long time before a compound reaches the market, have increased the relevance of human in vitro models like human (patient-derived) pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of compounds at the early phase in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, the EHT contractile properties are highly relevant parameters for the analysis of cardiotoxicity, disease phenotype, and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function over time. In this study, we developed and validated the software HAARTA (Highly Accurate, Automatic and Robust Tracking Algorithm), which automatically analyzes contractile properties of EHTs by segmenting and tracking brightfield videos, using deep learning and template matching with sub-pixel precision. We demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency of the software by comparing it to the state-of-the-art method (MUSCLEMOTION), and by testing it with a data set of EHTs from three different hPSC lines. HAARTA will facilitate standardized analysis of contractile properties of EHTs, which will be beneficial for in vitro drug screening and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rivera‐Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Danjel Keekstra
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño‐Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone A. ten Den
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Strisciuglio
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
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47
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Li C, Yao Z, Ma L, Song X, Wang W, Wan C, Ren S, Chen D, Zheng Y, Zhu YT, Chang G, Wu S, Miao K, Luo F, Zhao XY. Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of murine and primate spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:969-984. [PMID: 37044069 PMCID: PMC10147841 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche is critical for SSC maintenance and subsequent spermatogenesis. Numerous reproductive hazards impair the SSC niche, thereby resulting in aberrant SSC self-renewal and male infertility. However, promising agents targeting the impaired SSC niche to promote SSC self-renewal are still limited. Here, we screen out and assess the effects of Lovastatin on the self-renewal of mouse SSCs (mSSCs). Mechanistically, Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of mSSCs and inhibits its inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of isoprenoid intermediates. Remarkably, treatment by Lovastatin could promote the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the male gonadotoxicity model generated by busulfan injection. Of note, we demonstrate that Lovastatin could enhance the proliferation of primate undifferentiated spermatogonia. Collectively, our findings uncover that lovastatin could promote the self-renewal of both murine and primate SSCs and have implications for the treatment of certain types of male infertility using small compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Li
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaokai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Tong Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; Sino-America Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine in Developmental Disabilities, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Clinical Research Canter for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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48
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Voges HK, Foster SR, Reynolds L, Parker BL, Devilée L, Quaife-Ryan GA, Fortuna PRJ, Mathieson E, Fitzsimmons R, Lor M, Batho C, Reid J, Pocock M, Friedman CE, Mizikovsky D, Francois M, Palpant NJ, Needham EJ, Peralta M, Monte-Nieto GD, Jones LK, Smyth IM, Mehdiabadi NR, Bolk F, Janbandhu V, Yao E, Harvey RP, Chong JJH, Elliott DA, Stanley EG, Wiszniak S, Schwarz Q, James DE, Mills RJ, Porrello ER, Hudson JE. Vascular cells improve functionality of human cardiac organoids. Cell Rep 2023:112322. [PMID: 37105170 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between cardiac cells is critical for heart performance. Here we show that vascular cells within human cardiac organoids (hCOs) enhance their maturation, force of contraction, and utility in disease modeling. Herein we optimize our protocol to generate vascular populations in addition to epicardial, fibroblast, and cardiomyocyte cells that self-organize into in-vivo-like structures in hCOs. We identify mechanisms of communication between endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes that ultimately contribute to cardiac organoid maturation. In particular, (1) endothelial-derived LAMA5 regulates expression of mature sarcomeric proteins and contractility, and (2) paracrine platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) signaling from vascular cells upregulates matrix deposition to augment hCO contractile force. Finally, we demonstrate that vascular cells determine the magnitude of diastolic dysfunction caused by inflammatory factors and identify a paracrine role of endothelin driving dysfunction. Together this study highlights the importance and role of vascular cells in organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Voges
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Simon R Foster
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Liam Reynolds
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Devilée
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Gregory A Quaife-Ryan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Ellen Mathieson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Mary Lor
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Christopher Batho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Janice Reid
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Pocock
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathias Francois
- The Centenary Institute, David Richmond Program for Cardiovascular Research: Gene Regulation and Editing, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marina Peralta
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute. Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Lynelle K Jones
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Neda R Mehdiabadi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Francesca Bolk
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ernestene Yao
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sophie Wiszniak
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2010 NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Mills
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - James E Hudson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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49
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Sahara M. Recent Advances in Generation of In Vitro Cardiac Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076244. [PMID: 37047216 PMCID: PMC10094119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are in vitro self-organizing and three-dimensional structures composed of multiple cardiac cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, etc.) with or without biological scaffolds. Since cardiac organoids recapitulate structural and functional characteristics of the native heart to a higher degree compared to the conventional two-dimensional culture systems, their applications, in combination with pluripotent stem cell technologies, are being widely expanded for the investigation of cardiogenesis, cardiac disease modeling, drug screening and development, and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review, recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies are summarized in chronological order, with a focus on the methodological points for each organoid formation. Further, the current limitations and the future perspectives in these promising systems are also discussed.
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50
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Functional precision oncology using patient-derived assays: bridging genotype and phenotype. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:305-317. [PMID: 36914745 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-based precision medicine has revolutionized oncology but also has inherent limitations. Functional precision oncology is emerging as a complementary approach that aims to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype by modelling individual tumours in vitro. These patient-derived ex vivo models largely preserve several tumour characteristics that are not captured by genomics approaches and enable the functional dissection of tumour vulnerabilities in a personalized manner. In this Review, we discuss several examples of personalized functional assays involving tumour organoids, spheroids and explants and their potential to predict treatment responses and drug-induced toxicities in individual patients. These developments have opened exciting new avenues for precision oncology, with the potential for successful clinical applications in contexts in which genomic data alone are not informative. To implement these assays into clinical practice, we outline four key barriers that need to be overcome: assay success rates, turnaround times, the need for standardized conditions and the definition of in vitro responders. Furthermore, we discuss novel technological advances such as microfluidics that might reduce sample requirements, assay times and labour intensity and thereby enable functional precision oncology to be implemented in routine clinical practice.
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