1
|
Brazovskaja A, Gomes T, Holtackers R, Wahle P, Körner C, He Z, Schaffer T, Eckel JC, Hänsel R, Santel M, Seimiya M, Denecke T, Dannemann M, Brosch M, Hampe J, Seehofer D, Damm G, Camp JG, Treutlein B. Cell atlas of the regenerating human liver after portal vein embolization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5827. [PMID: 38992008 PMCID: PMC11239663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the remarkable capacity to regenerate. In the clinic, regeneration is induced by portal vein embolization, which redirects portal blood flow, resulting in liver hypertrophy in locations with increased blood supply, and atrophy of embolized segments. Here, we apply single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics on healthy, hypertrophied, and atrophied patient-derived liver samples to explore cell states in the regenerating liver. Our data unveils pervasive upregulation of genes associated with developmental processes, cellular adhesion, and inflammation in post-portal vein embolization liver, disrupted portal-central hepatocyte zonation, and altered cell subtype composition of endothelial and immune cells. Interlineage crosstalk analysis reveals mesenchymal cells as an interaction hub between immune and endothelial cells, and highlights the importance of extracellular matrix proteins in liver regeneration. Moreover, we establish tissue-scale iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging for high-dimensional spatial analysis of perivascular microenvironments, uncovering changes to tissue architecture in regenerating liver lobules. Altogether, our data is a rich resource revealing cellular and histological changes in human liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás Gomes
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rene Holtackers
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Wahle
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Körner
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Schaffer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Connor Eckel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Hänsel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Santel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Seimiya
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Denecke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Brosch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nishikawa Y. Aberrant differentiation and proliferation of hepatocytes in chronic liver injury and liver tumors. Pathol Int 2024; 74:361-378. [PMID: 38837539 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury induces liver cirrhosis and facilitates hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the effects of this condition on hepatocyte proliferation and differentiation are unclear. We showed that rodent hepatocytes display a ductular phenotype when they are cultured within a collagenous matrix. This process involves transdifferentiation without the emergence of hepatoblastic features and is at least partially reversible. During the ductular reaction in chronic liver diseases with progressive fibrosis, some hepatocytes, especially those adjacent to ectopic ductules, demonstrate ductular transdifferentiation, but the majority of increased ductules originate from the existing bile ductular system that undergoes extensive remodeling. In chronic injury, hepatocyte proliferation is weak but sustained, and most regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis are composed of clonally proliferating hepatocytes, suggesting that a small fraction of hepatocytes maintain their proliferative capacity in chronic injury. In mouse hepatocarcinogenesis models, hepatocytes activate the expression of various fetal/neonatal genes, indicating that these cells undergo dedifferentiation. Hepatocyte-specific somatic integration of various oncogenes in mice demonstrated that hepatocytes may be the cells of origin for a broad spectrum of liver tumors through transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation. In conclusion, the phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity of mature hepatocytes are important for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and liver tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nishikawa
- President's Office, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen F, Zhang K, Wang M, He Z, Yu B, Wang X, Pan X, Luo Y, Xu S, Lau JTY, Han C, Shi Y, Sun YE, Li S, Hu YP. VEGF-FGF Signaling Activates Quiescent CD63 + Liver Stem Cells to Proliferate and Differentiate. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308711. [PMID: 38881531 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the liver stem cells (LSCs) holds great promise for new insights into liver diseases and liver regeneration. However, the heterogenicity and plasticity of liver cells have made it controversial. Here, by employing single-cell RNA-sequencing technology, transcriptome features of Krt19+ bile duct lineage cells isolated from Krt19CreERT; Rosa26R-GFP reporter mouse livers are examined. Distinct biliary epithelial cells which include adult LSCs, as well as their downstream hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are identified. Importantly, a novel cell surface LSCs marker, CD63, as well as CD56, which distinguished active and quiescent LSCs are discovered. Cell expansion and bi-potential differentiation in culture demonstrate the stemness ability of CD63+ cells in vitro. Transplantation and lineage tracing of CD63+ cells confirm their contribution to liver cell mass in vivo upon injury. Moreover, CD63+CD56+ cells are proved to be activated LSCs with vigorous proliferation ability. Further studies confirm that CD63+CD56- quiescent LSCs express VEGFR2 and FGFR1, and they can be activated to proliferation and differentiation through combination of growth factors: VEGF-A and bFGF. These findings define an authentic adult liver stem cells compartment, make a further understanding of fate regulation on LSCs, and highlight its contribution to liver during pathophysiologic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yuping Luo
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Shoujia Xu
- Shanghai Baixian Biotechnology co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert-Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yi E Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, School of Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hubel E, Neumann A, Fishman S, Schaffer O, Erez N, Shrkihe BA, Shteingard Y, Gross T, Shibolet O, Varol C, Zvibel I. Sortilin in Biliary Epithelial Cells Promotes Ductular Reaction and Fibrosis during Cholestatic Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:941-957. [PMID: 38493927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic injuries are accompanied by ductular reaction, initiated by proliferation and activation of biliary epithelial cells (BECs), leading to fibrosis. Sortilin (encoded by Sort1) facilitates IL-6 secretion and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling. This study investigated the interplay between sortilin and IL-6 and LIF in cholestatic injury-induced ductular reaction, morphogenesis of new ducts, and fibrosis. Cholestatic injury was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in wild-type and Sort1-/- mice, with or without augmentation of IL-6 or LIF. Mice with BEC sortilin deficiency (hGFAPcre.Sort1fl/fl) and control mice were subjected to BDL and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet (DDC) induced cholestatic injury. Sort1-/- mice displayed reduced BEC proliferation and expression of BEC-reactive markers. Administration of LIF or IL-6 restored BEC proliferation in Sort1-/- mice, without affecting BEC-reactive or inflammatory markers. Sort1-/- mice also displayed impaired morphogenesis, which was corrected by LIF treatment. Similarly, hGFAPcre.Sort1fl/fl mice exhibited reduced BEC proliferation, but similar reactive and inflammatory marker expression. Serum IL-6 and LIF were comparable, yet liver pSTAT3 was reduced, indicating that sortilin is essential for co-activation of LIF receptor/gp130 signaling in BECs, but not for IL-6 secretion. hGFAPcre.Sortfl/fl mice displayed impaired morphogenesis and diminished fibrosis after BDL and DDC. In conclusion, sortilin-mediated engagement of LIF signaling in BECs promoted ductular reaction and morphogenesis during cholestatic injury. This study indicates that BEC sortilin is pivotal for the development of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einav Hubel
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Neumann
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Schaffer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assaf Harofe Hospital, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bander Abu Shrkihe
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Shteingard
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Gross
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Isabel Zvibel
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gribben C, Galanakis V, Calderwood A, Williams EC, Chazarra-Gil R, Larraz M, Frau C, Puengel T, Guillot A, Rouhani FJ, Mahbubani K, Godfrey E, Davies SE, Athanasiadis E, Saeb-Parsy K, Tacke F, Allison M, Mohorianu I, Vallier L. Acquisition of epithelial plasticity in human chronic liver disease. Nature 2024; 630:166-173. [PMID: 38778114 PMCID: PMC11153150 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
For many adult human organs, tissue regeneration during chronic disease remains a controversial subject. Regenerative processes are easily observed in animal models, and their underlying mechanisms are becoming well characterized1-4, but technical challenges and ethical aspects are limiting the validation of these results in humans. We decided to address this difficulty with respect to the liver. This organ displays the remarkable ability to regenerate after acute injury, although liver regeneration in the context of recurring injury remains to be fully demonstrated. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on 47 liver biopsies from patients with different stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease to establish a cellular map of the liver during disease progression. We then combined these single-cell-level data with advanced 3D imaging to reveal profound changes in the liver architecture. Hepatocytes lose their zonation and considerable reorganization of the biliary tree takes place. More importantly, our study uncovers transdifferentiation events that occur between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes without the presence of adult stem cells or developmental progenitor activation. Detailed analyses and functional validations using cholangiocyte organoids confirm the importance of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in this process, thereby connecting this acquisition of plasticity to insulin signalling. Together, our data indicate that chronic injury creates an environment that induces cellular plasticity in human organs, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of this process could open new therapeutic avenues in the management of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gribben
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vasileios Galanakis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Calderwood
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor C Williams
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruben Chazarra-Gil
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Larraz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla Frau
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Puengel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Edmund Godfrey
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil Athanasiadis
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Medical Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Allison
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu B, Shentu X, Nan H, Guo P, Hao S, Xu J, Shangguan S, Cui L, Cen J, Deng Q, Wu Y, Liu C, Song Y, Lin X, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Ma W, Li R, Li Y, Qian Q, Du W, Lai T, Yang T, Liu C, Ma X, Chen A, Xu X, Lai Y, Liu L, Esteban MA, Hui L. A spatiotemporal atlas of cholestatic injury and repair in mice. Nat Genet 2024; 56:938-952. [PMID: 38627596 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver injuries, characterized by regional damage around the bile ductular region, lack curative therapies and cause considerable mortality. Here we generated a high-definition spatiotemporal atlas of gene expression during cholestatic injury and repair in mice by integrating spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing and single-cell transcriptomics. Spatiotemporal analyses revealed a key role of cholangiocyte-driven signaling correlating with the periportal damage-repair response. Cholangiocytes express genes related to recruitment and differentiation of lipid-associated macrophages, which generate feedback signals enhancing ductular reaction. Moreover, cholangiocytes express high TGFβ in association with the conversion of liver progenitor-like cells into cholangiocytes during injury and the dampened proliferation of periportal hepatocytes during recovery. Notably, Atoh8 restricts hepatocyte proliferation during 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-collidin damage and is quickly downregulated after injury withdrawal, allowing hepatocytes to respond to growth signals. Our findings lay a keystone for in-depth studies of cellular dynamics and molecular mechanisms of cholestatic injuries, which may further develop into therapies for cholangiopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Shentu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shijie Hao
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yumo Song
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiumei Lin
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yue Yuan
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Ma
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ronghai Li
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensi Du
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- BGI Research, Hangzhou, China.
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, China.
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University-BGI Research Center for Integrative Biology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Namoto K, Baader C, Orsini V, Landshammer A, Breuer E, Dinh KT, Ungricht R, Pikiolek M, Laurent S, Lu B, Aebi A, Schönberger K, Vangrevelinghe E, Evrova O, Sun T, Annunziato S, Lachal J, Redmond E, Wang L, Wetzel K, Capodieci P, Turner J, Schutzius G, Unterreiner V, Trunzer M, Buschmann N, Behnke D, Machauer R, Scheufler C, Parker CN, Ferro M, Grevot A, Beyerbach A, Lu WY, Forbes SJ, Wagner J, Bouwmeester T, Liu J, Sohal B, Sahambi S, Greenbaum LE, Lohmann F, Hoppe P, Cong F, Sailer AW, Ruffner H, Glatthar R, Humar B, Clavien PA, Dill MT, George E, Maibaum J, Liberali P, Tchorz JS. NIBR-LTSi is a selective LATS kinase inhibitor activating YAP signaling and expanding tissue stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:554-569.e17. [PMID: 38579685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The YAP/Hippo pathway is an organ growth and size regulation rheostat safeguarding multiple tissue stem cell compartments. LATS kinases phosphorylate and thereby inactivate YAP, thus representing a potential direct drug target for promoting tissue regeneration. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the selective small-molecule LATS kinase inhibitor NIBR-LTSi. NIBR-LTSi activates YAP signaling, shows good oral bioavailability, and expands organoids derived from several mouse and human tissues. In tissue stem cells, NIBR-LTSi promotes proliferation, maintains stemness, and blocks differentiation in vitro and in vivo. NIBR-LTSi accelerates liver regeneration following extended hepatectomy in mice. However, increased proliferation and cell dedifferentiation in multiple organs prevent prolonged systemic LATS inhibition, thus limiting potential therapeutic benefit. Together, we report a selective LATS kinase inhibitor agonizing YAP signaling and promoting tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, enabling future research on the regenerative potential of the YAP/Hippo pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Namoto
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Clara Baader
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Orsini
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eva Breuer
- University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kieu Trinh Dinh
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Research Group Experimental Hepatology, Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bo Lu
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Olivera Evrova
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tianliang Sun
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Liver Diseases, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Julie Lachal
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emily Redmond
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Louis Wang
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristie Wetzel
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gabi Schutzius
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Trunzer
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Dirk Behnke
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Magali Ferro
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armelle Grevot
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wei-Yu Lu
- University of Edinburgh, Center for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- University of Edinburgh, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jürgen Wagner
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bindi Sohal
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Felix Lohmann
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hoppe
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Cong
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Heinz Ruffner
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Glatthar
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bostjan Humar
- University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael T Dill
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Research Group Experimental Hepatology, Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Intoxication, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Maibaum
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mavila N, Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah M, Kennedy J. Ductular Reactions in Liver Injury, Regeneration, and Disease Progression-An Overview. Cells 2024; 13:579. [PMID: 38607018 PMCID: PMC11011399 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductular reaction (DR) is a complex cellular response that occurs in the liver during chronic injuries. DR mainly consists of hyper-proliferative or reactive cholangiocytes and, to a lesser extent, de-differentiated hepatocytes and liver progenitors presenting a close spatial interaction with periportal mesenchyme and immune cells. The underlying pathology of DRs leads to extensive tissue remodeling in chronic liver diseases. DR initiates as a tissue-regeneration mechanism in the liver; however, its close association with progressive fibrosis and inflammation in many chronic liver diseases makes it a more complicated pathological response than a simple regenerative process. An in-depth understanding of the cellular physiology of DRs and their contribution to tissue repair, inflammation, and progressive fibrosis can help scientists develop cell-type specific targeted therapies to manage liver fibrosis and chronic liver diseases effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Mavila
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
- Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaquelene Kennedy
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (M.S.E.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elci BS, Nikolaev M, Rezakhani S, Lutolf MP. Bioengineered Tubular Biliary Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302912. [PMID: 38128045 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver organoids have emerged as promising in vitro models for toxicology, drug discovery, and disease modeling. However, conventional 3D epithelial organoid culture systems suffer from significant drawbacks, including limited culture duration, a nonphysiological 3D cystic anatomy with an inaccessible apical surface, and lack of in vivo-like cellular organization. To address these limitations, herein a hydrogel-based organoid-on-a-chip model for the development functional tubular biliary organoids is reported. The resulting constructs demonstrate long-term stability for a minimum duration of 45 d, while retaining their biliary organoid identity and exhibiting key cholangiocyte characteristics including transport activities, formation of primary cilia, and protective glycocalyx. Additionally, tubular organoids are susceptible to physical and chemical injury, which cannot be applied in such resolution to classical organoids. To enhance tissue-level complexity, in vitro formation of a perfusable branching network is induced using a predetermined geometry that faithfully mimics the intricate structure of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Finally, cellular complexity is augmented through co-culturing with vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The models described in this study offer valuable opportunities for investigating biliary morphogenesis and elucidating associated pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Sen Elci
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Nikolaev
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Saba Rezakhani
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carter LE, Bugiel S, Nunnikhoven A, Verster AJ, Petronella N, Gill S, Curran IHA. Comparative genomic analysis of Fischer F344 rat livers exposed for 90 days to 3-methylfuran or its parental compound furan. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114426. [PMID: 38160780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Furan is a naturally forming compound found in heat-processed foods such as coffee, canned meats, and jarred baby food. It is concurrently found with analogues including 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and 3-methylfuran (3-MF), and toxicity studies demonstrate all are potent liver toxins. Toxicity studies found 3-MF is more toxic than either furan, or 2-MF. The present analysis assesses the transcriptional response in liver samples taken from male Fischer (F344) rats exposed to furan or 3-MF from 0 to 2.0 and 0-1.0 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for 90 days. Transcriptional analyses found decreased liver function and fatty acid metabolism are common responses to both furan and 3-MF exposure. Furan liver injury promotes a ductular reaction through Hippo and TGFB signalling, which combined with increased immune response results in ameliorating perturbed bile acid homeostasis in treated rats. Failure to activate these pathways in 3-MF exposed rats and decreased p53 activity leads to cholestasis, and increased toxicity. Finally, BMD analysis indicate many of the most sensitive pathways affected by furan and 3-MF exposure relate to metabolism - malate dehydrogenase and glucose metabolism with BMDLs of 0.03 and 0.01 mg/kg bw/day for furan and 3-MF exposure, respectively, which agrees with BMDLs previously reported for apical and microarray data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E Carter
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - S Bugiel
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A Nunnikhoven
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A J Verster
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - N Petronella
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - S Gill
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - I H A Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Wnt-β-catenin in hepatobiliary homeostasis, injury, and repair. Hepatology 2023; 78:1907-1921. [PMID: 37246413 PMCID: PMC10687322 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wnt-β-catenin signaling has emerged as an important regulatory pathway in the liver, playing key roles in zonation and mediating contextual hepatobiliary repair after injuries. In this review, we will address the major advances in understanding the role of Wnt signaling in hepatic zonation, regeneration, and cholestasis-induced injury. We will also touch on some important unanswered questions and discuss the relevance of modulating the pathway to provide therapies for complex liver pathologies that remain a continued unmet clinical need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang J, Wei J, Cao J, Qian J, Gao R, Li X, Wang D, Gu Y, Dong L, Yu J, Zhao B, Wang X. In-organoid single-cell CRISPR screening reveals determinants of hepatocyte differentiation and maturation. Genome Biol 2023; 24:251. [PMID: 37907970 PMCID: PMC10617096 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harnessing hepatocytes for basic research and regenerative medicine demands a complete understanding of the genetic determinants underlying hepatocyte differentiation and maturation. Single-cell CRISPR screens in organoids could link genetic perturbations with parallel transcriptomic readout in single cells, providing a powerful method to delineate roles of cell fate regulators. However, a big challenge for identifying key regulators during data analysis is the low expression levels of transcription factors (TFs), which are difficult to accurately estimate due to noise and dropouts in single-cell sequencing. Also, it is often the changes in TF activities in the transcriptional cascade rather than the expression levels of TFs that are relevant to the cell fate transition. RESULTS Here, we develop Organoid-based Single-cell CRISPR screening Analyzed with Regulons (OSCAR), a framework using regulon activities as readouts to dissect gene knockout effects in organoids. In adult-stem-cell-derived liver organoids, we map transcriptomes in 80,576 cells upon 246 perturbations associated with transcriptional regulation of hepatocyte formation. Using OSCAR, we identify known and novel positive and negative regulators, among which Fos and Ubr5 are the top-ranked ones. Further single-gene loss-of-function assays demonstrate that Fos depletion in mouse and human liver organoids promote hepatocyte differentiation by specific upregulation of liver metabolic genes and pathways, and conditional knockout of Ubr5 in mouse liver delays hepatocyte maturation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we provide a framework to explore lineage specifiers in a rapid and systematic manner, and identify hepatocyte determinators with potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ran Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yani Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovative Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Institute of Organoid Technology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim M, So J, Shin D. PPARα activation promotes liver progenitor cell-mediated liver regeneration by suppressing YAP signaling in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18312. [PMID: 37880271 PMCID: PMC10600117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the robust regenerative capacity of the liver, prolonged and severe liver damage impairs liver regeneration, leading to liver failure. Since the liver co-opts the differentiation of liver progenitor cells (LPCs) into hepatocytes to restore functional hepatocytes, augmenting LPC-mediated liver regeneration may be beneficial to patients with chronic liver diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LPC-to-hepatocyte differentiation have remained largely unknown. Using the zebrafish model of LPC-mediated liver regeneration, Tg(fabp10a:pt-β-catenin), we present that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) activation augments LPC-to-hepatocyte differentiation. We found that treating Tg(fabp10a:pt-β-catenin) larvae with GW7647, a potent PPARα agonist, enhanced the expression of hepatocyte markers and simultaneously reduced the expression of biliary epithelial cell (BEC)/LPC markers in the regenerating livers, indicating enhanced LPC-to-hepatocyte differentiation. Mechanistically, PPARα activation augments the differentiation by suppressing YAP signaling. The differentiation phenotypes resulting from GW7647 treatment were rescued by expressing a constitutively active form of Yap1. Moreover, we found that suppression of YAP signaling was sufficient to promote LPC-to-hepatocyte differentiation. Treating Tg(fabp10a:pt-β-catenin) larvae with the TEAD inhibitor K-975, which suppresses YAP signaling, phenocopied the effect of GW7647 on LPC differentiation. Altogether, our findings provide insights into augmenting LPC-mediated liver regeneration as a regenerative therapy for chronic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Ave. #5063, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Ave. #5063, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 5th Ave. #5063, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hrncir HR, Hantelys F, Gracz AD. Panic at the Bile Duct: How Intrahepatic Cholangiocytes Respond to Stress and Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1440-1454. [PMID: 36870530 PMCID: PMC10548281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) line intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBDs) and are primarily responsible for modifying and transporting hepatocyte-produced bile to the digestive tract. BECs comprise only 3% to 5% of the liver by cell number but are critical for maintaining choleresis through homeostasis and disease. To this end, BECs drive an extensive morphologic remodeling of the IHBD network termed ductular reaction (DR) in response to direct injury or injury to the hepatic parenchyma. BECs are also the target of a broad and heterogenous class of diseases termed cholangiopathies, which can present with phenotypes ranging from defective IHBD development in pediatric patients to progressive periductal fibrosis and cancer. DR is observed in many cholangiopathies, highlighting overlapping similarities between cell- and tissue-level responses by BECs across a spectrum of injury and disease. The following core set of cell biological BEC responses to stress and injury may moderate, initiate, or exacerbate liver pathophysiology in a context-dependent manner: cell death, proliferation, transdifferentiation, senescence, and acquisition of neuroendocrine phenotype. By reviewing how IHBDs respond to stress, this review seeks to highlight fundamental processes with potentially adaptive or maladaptive consequences. A deeper understanding of how these common responses contribute to DR and cholangiopathies may identify novel therapeutic targets in liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Hrncir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fransky Hantelys
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adam D Gracz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song Y, Lu Z, Shu W, Xiang Z, Wang Z, Wei X, Xu X. Arouse potential stemness: Intrinsic and acquired stem cell therapeutic strategies for advanced liver diseases. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100115. [PMID: 37719773 PMCID: PMC10502372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a major health issue, and prolonged liver injury always progresses. Advanced liver disorders impair liver regeneration. Millions of patients die yearly worldwide, even with the available treatments of liver transplantation and artificial liver support system. With its abundant cell resources and significant differentiative potential, stem cell therapy is a viable treatment for various disorders and offers hope to patients waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation. Considering such plight, stem cell therapeutic strategies deliver hope to the patients. Moreover, we conclude intrinsic and acquired perspectives based on stem cell sources. The properties and therapeutic uses of these stem cells' specific types or sources were then reviewed. Owing to the recent investigations of the above cells, a safe and effective therapy will emerge for advanced liver diseases soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisu Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhengyang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease? Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050231. [PMID: 37605966 PMCID: PMC10461466 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- CRUK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Domènech Omella J, Cortesi EE, Verbinnen I, Remmerie M, Wu H, Cubero FJ, Roskams T, Janssens V. A Novel Mouse Model of Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma Induced by Diethylnitrosamine and Loss of Ppp2r5d. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4193. [PMID: 37627221 PMCID: PMC10453342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) can be classified in hepatocellular (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). The molecular mechanisms involved in PLC development and phenotype decision are still not well understood. Complete deletion of Ppp2r5d, encoding the B56δ subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A), results in spontaneous HCC development in mice via a c-MYC-dependent mechanism. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of Ppp2r5d in an independent mouse model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Ppp2r5d deletion (heterozygous and homozygous) accelerated HCC development, corroborating its tumor-suppressive function in liver and suggesting Ppp2r5d may be haploinsufficient. Ppp2r5d-deficient HCCs stained positively for c-MYC, consistent with increased AKT activation in pre-malignant and tumor tissues of Ppp2r5d-deficient mice. We also found increased YAP activation in Ppp2r5d-deficient tumors. Remarkably, in older mice, Ppp2r5d deletion resulted in cHCC-CCA development in this model, with the CCA component showing increased expression of progenitor markers (SOX9 and EpCAM). Finally, we observed an upregulation of Ppp2r5d in tumors from wildtype and heterozygous mice, revealing a tumor-specific control mechanism of Ppp2r5d expression, and suggestive of the involvement of Ppp2r5d in a negative feedback regulation restricting tumor growth. Our study highlights the tumor-suppressive role of mouse PP2A-B56δ in both HCC and cHCC-CCA, which may have important implications for human PLC development and targeted treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Domènech Omella
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.O.); (I.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Emanuela E. Cortesi
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.E.C.); (T.R.)
| | - Iris Verbinnen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.O.); (I.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Michiel Remmerie
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.O.); (I.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Hanghang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Francisco J. Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.W.); (F.J.C.)
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.E.C.); (T.R.)
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.D.O.); (I.V.); (M.R.)
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen F, Schönberger K, Tchorz JS. Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100779. [PMID: 37456678 PMCID: PMC10339260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of metabolic liver zonation is spontaneously established by assigning distributed tasks to hepatocytes along the porto-central blood flow. Hepatocytes fulfil critical metabolic functions, while also maintaining hepatocyte mass by replication when needed. Recent technological advances have enabled us to fine-tune our understanding of hepatocyte identity during homeostasis and regeneration. Subsets of hepatocytes have been identified to be more regenerative and some have even been proposed to function like stem cells, challenging the long-standing view that all hepatocytes are similarly capable of regeneration. The latest data show that hepatocyte renewal during homeostasis and regeneration after liver injury is not limited to rare hepatocytes; however, hepatocytes are not exactly the same. Herein, we review the known differences that give individual hepatocytes distinct identities, recent findings demonstrating how these distinct identities correspond to differences in hepatocyte regenerative capacity, and how the plasticity of hepatocyte identity allows for division of labour among hepatocytes. We further discuss how these distinct hepatocyte identities may play a role during liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Jan S. Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma J, Yang Z, Huang Z, Li L, Huang J, Chen J, Ni R, Luo L, He J. Rngtt governs biliary-derived liver regeneration initiation by transcriptional regulation of mTORC1 and Dnmt1 in zebrafish. Hepatology 2023; 78:167-178. [PMID: 36724876 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In cases of end-stage liver diseases, the proliferation of existing hepatocytes is compromised, a feature of human chronic liver disease, in which most hepatocytes are dysfunctional. So far, liver transplantation represents the only curative therapeutic solution for advanced liver diseases, and the shortage of donor organs leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The promising treatment is to prompt the biliary epithelial cells (BECs) transdifferentiation. However, the critical factors governing the initiation of BEC-derived liver regeneration are largely unknown. The zebrafish has advantages in large-scale genetic screens to identify the critical factors involved in liver regeneration. Here, we combined N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea screen, positional cloning, transgenic lines, antibody staining, and in situ hybridization methods and identified a liver regeneration defect mutant ( lrd ) using the zebrafish extensive liver injury model. Through positional cloning and genomic sequencing, we mapped the mutation site to rngtt . Loss of rngtt leads to the defects of BEC dedifferentiation, bipotential progenitor cell activation, and cell proliferation in the initiation stage of liver regeneration. The transdifferentiation from BECs to hepatocytes did not occur even at the late stage of liver regeneration. Mechanically, Rngtt transcriptionally regulates the attachment of mRNA cap to mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) components and dnmt1 to maintain the activation of mTORC1 and DNA methylation in BECs after severe liver injury and prompt BEC to hepatocyte conversion. Furthermore, rptor and dnmt1 mutants displayed the same liver regeneration defects as rngtt mutation. In conclusion, our results suggest Rngtt is a new factor that initiates BEC-derived liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Ma
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuolin Yang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuofu Huang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Linke Li
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingliang Huang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chongqing), Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Ni
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianbo He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang J, Lyu Z, Li B, You Z, Cui N, Li Y, Li Y, Huang B, Chen R, Chen Y, Peng Y, Fang J, Wang Q, Miao Q, Tang R, Gershwin ME, Lian M, Xiao X, Ma X. P4HA2 induces hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Hepatology 2023; 78:10-25. [PMID: 36799463 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are key enzymes in collagen synthesis. The P4HA subunit (P4HA1, P4HA2, and P4HA3) contains a substrate binding and catalyzation domain. We postulated that P4HA2 would play a key role in the cholangiocyte pathology of cholestatic liver diseases. METHODS We studied humans with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), P4HA2 -/- mice injured by DDC, and P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- double knockout mice. A parallel study was performed in patients with PBC, PSC, and controls using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In the murine model, the level of ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis were monitored by histology, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Expression of Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP) phosphorylation was measured in isolated mouse cholangiocytes. The mechanism of P4HA2 was explored in RBE and 293T cell lines by using qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The hepatic expression level of P4HA2 was highly elevated in patients with PBC or PSC. Ductular reactive cholangiocytes predominantly expressed P4HA2. Cholestatic patients with more severe liver injury correlated with levels of P4HA2 in the liver. In P4HA2 -/- mice, there was a significantly reduced level of ductular reaction and fibrosis compared with controls in the DDC-induced chronic cholestasis. Decreased liver fibrosis and ductular reaction were observed in P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice compared with MDR2 -/- mice. Cholangiocytes isolated from P4HA2 -/- /MDR2 -/- mice displayed a higher level of YAP phosphorylation, resulting in cholangiocytes proliferation inhibition. In vitro studies showed that P4HA2 promotes RBE cell proliferation by inducing SAV1 degradation, eventually resulting in the activation of YAP. CONCLUSIONS P4HA2 promotes hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis by regulating the SAV1-mediated Hippo signaling pathway. P4HA2 is a potential therapeutic target for PBC and PSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhuwan Lyu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - You Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Bingyuan Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruiling Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanshen Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qi J, Dai Y, Sun X, Liu C. Mechanism of liver regeneration: 20-year bibliometric analyses. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190559. [PMID: 37383706 PMCID: PMC10293616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aims to explore the most influential countries, institutions, journals, authors, "research hotspots," and trends in the study of the mechanism of liver regeneration (MoLR) in the last 20 years using bibliometric analyses. Methods: The literature associated with the MoLR was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection on 11 October 2022. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 (64-bit) and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analyses. Results: A total of 18,956 authors from 2,900 institutions in 71 countries/regions published 3,563 studies in different academic journals on the MoLR. The United States was the most influential country. The University of Pittsburgh was the institution from which most articles on the MoLR were published. Cunshuan Xu published the most articles on the MoLR, and George K. Michalopoulos was the most frequently co-cited author. Hepatology was the journal in which most articles on the MoLR were published and the most frequently co-cited journal in this field. The research hotspots for the MoLR were origin and subsets of hepatocytes during LR; new factors and pathways in LR regulation; cell therapy for LR; interactions between liver cells in LR; mechanism of the proliferation of residual hepatocytes and trans-differentiation between cells; and prognosis of LR. The emerging topic was the mechanism of regeneration of a severely injured liver. Conclusion: Our bibliometric analyses provide (i) a comprehensive overview of the MoLR; (ii) important clues and ideas for scholars in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Qi
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mircetic J, Camgöz A, Abohawya M, Ding L, Dietzel J, Tobar SG, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Seidlitz T, Schmäche T, Mehnert MC, Sidorova O, Weitz J, Buchholz F, Stange DE. CRISPR/Cas9 Screen in Gastric Cancer Patient-Derived Organoids Reveals KDM1A-NDRG1 Axis as a Targetable Vulnerability. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201605. [PMID: 36908010 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viability CRISPR screens have proven indispensable in parsing genome function. However, their application in new, more physiologically relevant culturing systems like patient-derived organoids (PDOs) has been much slower. To probe epigenetic contribution to gastric cancer (GC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, the first negative selection CRISPR screen in GC PDOs that faithfully preserve primary tumor characteristics is performed. Extensive quality control measurements showing feasibility of CRISPR screens in primary organoid culture are provided. The screen reveals the histone lysine demethylase-1A (KDM1A) to constitute a GC vulnerability. Both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of KDM1A cause organoid growth retardation. Further, it is shown that most of KDM1A cancer-supporting functions center on repression of N-myc downstream regulates gene-1 (NDRG1). De-repression of NDRG1 by KDM1A inhibitors (KDM1Ai) causes inhibition of Wnt signaling and a strong G1 cell cycle arrest. Finally, by profiling 20 GC PDOs, it is shown that NDRG1 upregulation predicts KDM1Ai response with 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity in the tested cohort. Thus, this work pioneers the use of negative selection CRISPR screens in patient-derived organoids, identifies a marker of KDM1Ai response, and accordingly a cohort of patients who may benefit from such therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Mircetic
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309, Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center (MSNZ) P2, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aylin Camgöz
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moustafa Abohawya
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Li Ding
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Dietzel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center (MSNZ) P2, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastián García Tobar
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center (MSNZ) P2, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Therese Seidlitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Schmäche
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Mehnert
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center (MSNZ) P2, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sidorova
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Max Delbrück Center (MDC) and Charité Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel E Stange
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01309, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 01307, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carlessi R, Denisenko E, Boslem E, Köhn-Gaone J, Main N, Abu Bakar NDB, Shirolkar GD, Jones M, Beasley AB, Poppe D, Dwyer BJ, Jackaman C, Tjiam MC, Lister R, Karin M, Fallowfield JA, Kendall TJ, Forbes SJ, Gray ES, Olynyk JK, Yeoh G, Forrest AR, Ramm GA, Febbraio MA, Tirnitz-Parker JE. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of pre-malignant liver reveals disease-associated hepatocyte state with HCC prognostic potential. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100301. [PMID: 37228755 PMCID: PMC10203275 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches to staging chronic liver diseases have limited utility for predicting liver cancer risk. Here, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular microenvironment of healthy and pre-malignant livers using two distinct mouse models. Downstream analyses unraveled a previously uncharacterized disease-associated hepatocyte (daHep) transcriptional state. These cells were absent in healthy livers but increasingly prevalent as chronic liver disease progressed. Copy number variation (CNV) analysis of microdissected tissue demonstrated that daHep-enriched regions are riddled with structural variants, suggesting these cells represent a pre-malignant intermediary. Integrated analysis of three recent human snRNA-seq datasets confirmed the presence of a similar phenotype in human chronic liver disease and further supported its enhanced mutational burden. Importantly, we show that high daHep levels precede carcinogenesis and predict a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. These findings may change the way chronic liver disease patients are staged, surveilled, and risk stratified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Elena Denisenko
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ebru Boslem
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Köhn-Gaone
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Nathan Main
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - N. Dianah B. Abu Bakar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gayatri D. Shirolkar
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Matthew Jones
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Aaron B. Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Daniel Poppe
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Dwyer
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - M. Christian Tjiam
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan Lister
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Fallowfield
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy J. Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elin S. Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - John K. Olynyk
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - George Yeoh
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R.R. Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Grant A. Ramm
- Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Janina E.E. Tirnitz-Parker
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee SH, So J, Shin D. Hepatocyte-to-cholangiocyte conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation in zebrafish. Hepatology 2023; 77:1198-1210. [PMID: 36626626 PMCID: PMC10023500 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Injury to biliary epithelial cells (BECs) lining the hepatic bile ducts leads to cholestatic liver diseases. Upon severe biliary damage, hepatocytes can convert to BECs, thereby contributing to liver recovery. Given a potential of augmenting this hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion as a therapeutic option for cholestatic liver diseases, it will be important to thoroughly understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the conversion process. APPROACH AND RESULTS Towards this aim, we have established a zebrafish model for hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion by employing Tg(fabp10a:CFP-NTR) zebrafish with a temporal inhibition of Notch signaling during regeneration. Cre/loxP-mediated permanent and H2B-mCherry-mediated short-term lineage tracing revealed that in the model, all BECs originate from hepatocytes. During the conversion, BEC markers are sequentially induced in the order of Sox9b, Yap/Taz, Notch activity/ epcam , and Alcama/ krt18 ; the expression of the hepatocyte marker Bhmt disappears between the Sox9b and Yap/Taz induction. Importantly, live time-lapse imaging unambiguously revealed transdifferentiation of hepatocytes into BECs: hepatocytes convert to BECs without transitioning through a proliferative intermediate state. In addition, using compounds and transgenic and mutant lines that modulate Notch and Yap signaling, we found that both Notch and Yap signaling are required for the conversion even in Notch- and Yap-overactivating settings. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte-to-BEC conversion occurs through transdifferentiation independently of proliferation, and Notch and Yap signaling control the process in parallel with a mutually positive interaction. The new zebrafish model will further contribute to a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of the conversion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Juhoon So
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dias ML, Wajsenzon IJR, Alves GBN, Paranhos BA, Andrade CBV, Siqueira Monteiro VR, de Sousa RMR, da Silva Pereira ENG, Rodrigues KL, Daliry A, Mello DB, Coeli dos Santos Goldenberg R. Cirrhotic Liver Sustains In Situ Regeneration of Acellular Liver Scaffolds after Transplantation into G-CSF-Treated Animals. Cells 2023; 12:cells12070976. [PMID: 37048049 PMCID: PMC10093225 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acellular liver scaffolds (ALS) produced by decellularization have been successfully explored for distinct regenerative purposes. To date, it is unknown whether transplanted ALSs are affected by cirrhotic livers, either becoming cirrhotic themselves or instead remaining as a robust template for healthy cell growth after transplantation into cirrhotic rats. Moreover, little is known about the clinical course of recipient cirrhotic livers after ALS transplantation. To address these questions, we transplanted ALSs into cirrhotic rats previously treated with the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Here, we report successful cellular engraftment within the transplanted ALSs at 7, 15, and 30 days after transplantation. Recellularization was orchestrated by liver tissue cell activation, resident hepatocytes and bile duct proliferation, and an immune response mediated by the granulocyte components. Furthermore, we showed that transplanted ALSs ensured a pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory microenvironment, attracted vessels from the host cirrhotic tissue, and promoted progenitor cell recruitment. ALS transplantation induced cirrhotic liver regeneration and extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, the transplanted ALS sustained blood circulation and attenuated alterations in the ultrasonographic and biochemical parameters in cirrhotic rats. Taken together, our results confirm that transplanted ALSs are not affected by cirrhotic livers and remain a robust template for healthy cell growth and stimulated cirrhotic liver regeneration.
Collapse
|
26
|
Pu W, Zhu H, Zhang M, Pikiolek M, Ercan C, Li J, Huang X, Han X, Zhang Z, Lv Z, Li Y, Liu K, He L, Liu X, Heim MH, Terracciano LM, Tchorz JS, Zhou B. Bipotent transitional liver progenitor cells contribute to liver regeneration. Nat Genet 2023; 55:651-664. [PMID: 36914834 PMCID: PMC10101857 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Following severe liver injury, when hepatocyte-mediated regeneration is impaired, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) can transdifferentiate into functional hepatocytes. However, the subset of BECs with such facultative tissue stem cell potential, as well as the mechanisms enabling transdifferentiation, remains elusive. Here we identify a transitional liver progenitor cell (TLPC), which originates from BECs and differentiates into hepatocytes during regeneration from severe liver injury. By applying a dual genetic lineage tracing approach, we specifically labeled TLPCs and found that they are bipotent, as they either differentiate into hepatocytes or re-adopt BEC fate. Mechanistically, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling orchestrate BEC-to-TLPC and TLPC-to-hepatocyte conversions, respectively. Together, our study provides functional and mechanistic insights into transdifferentiation-assisted liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Monika Pikiolek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caner Ercan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clarunis University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China. .,New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yildiz E, El Alam G, Perino A, Jalil A, Denechaud PD, Huber K, Fajas L, Auwerx J, Sorrentino G, Schoonjans K. Hepatic lipid overload triggers biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs. eLife 2023; 12:81926. [PMID: 36876915 PMCID: PMC10030116 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) undergo rapid activation into proliferating progenitors, a crucial step required to establish a regenerative process known as ductular reaction (DR). While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids during high-fat diet feeding in mice and upon fatty acid treatment in BEC-derived organoids. Lipid overload induces metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into reactive BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload activates the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drive cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to reprogram BECs into progenitor cells in the early stages of NAFLD and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of this process, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yildiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaby El Alam
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- INSERM, Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
An involvement of Hippo-yes-associated protein pathway in biliary epithelial senescence in primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102106. [PMID: 36849079 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating evidence suggest that Hippo-yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway plays important roles in development and repair after injuries in biliary system. We disclosed that senescent biliary epithelial cells (BECs) participate in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). We hypothesized that dysregulation of Hippo-YAP pathway may be associated with biliary epithelial senescence in pathogenesis of PBC. APPROACH & RESULTS Cellular senescence was induced in cultured BECs by treatment with serum depletion or glycochenodeoxycholic acid. The expression and activity of YAP1 were significantly decreased in senescent BECs (p<0.01). Cellular senescence and apoptosis were significantly increased (p<0.01) and a proliferation activity and a 3D-cyst formation activity were significantly decreased (p<0.01) by a knockdown of YAP1 in BECs. The expression of YAP1 were immunohistochemically determined in livers taken from the patients with PBC (n = 79) and 79 control diseased and normal livers and its association with senescent markers p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 was analyzed. The nuclear expression of YAP1, which indicates activation of YAP1, was significantly decreased in BECs in small bile ducts involved in cholangitis and ductular reactions in PBC, compared to control livers (p<0.01). The decreased expression of YAP1 was seen in senescent BECs showing expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip1 in bile duct lesions. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of Hippo-YAP1 pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC in association with biliary epithelial senescence.
Collapse
|
29
|
Huppert SS, Schwartz RE. Multiple Facets of Cellular Homeostasis and Regeneration of the Mammalian Liver. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:469-493. [PMID: 36270290 PMCID: PMC9918695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-032822-094134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration occurs in response to diverse injuries and is capable of functionally reestablishing the lost parenchyma. This phenomenon has been known since antiquity, encapsulated in the Greek myth where Prometheus was to be punished by Zeus for sharing the gift of fire with humanity by having an eagle eat his liver daily, only to have the liver regrow back, thus ensuring eternal suffering and punishment. Today, this process is actively leveraged clinically during living donor liver transplantation whereby up to a two-thirds hepatectomy (resection or removal of part of the liver) on a donor is used for transplant to a recipient. The donor liver rapidly regenerates to recover the lost parenchymal mass to form a functional tissue. This astonishing regenerative process and unique capacity of the liver are examined in further detail in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim HJ, Kim G, Chi KY, Kim H, Jang YJ, Jo S, Lee J, Lee Y, Woo DH, Han C, Kim SK, Park HJ, Kim JH. Generation of multilineage liver organoids with luminal vasculature and bile ducts from human pluripotent stem cells via modulation of Notch signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 36737811 PMCID: PMC9898924 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of liver organoids recapitulating parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interplay is essential for the precise in vitro modeling of liver diseases. Although different types of multilineage liver organoids (mLOs) have been generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), the assembly and concurrent differentiation of multiple cell types in individual mLOs remain a major challenge. Particularly, most studies focused on the vascularization of mLOs in host tissue after transplantation in vivo. However, relatively little information is available on the in vitro formation of luminal vasculature in mLOs themselves. METHODS The mLOs with luminal blood vessels and bile ducts were generated by assembling hepatic endoderm, hepatic stellate cell-like cells (HscLCs), and endothelial cells derived entirely from hPSCs using 96-well ultra-low attachment plates. We analyzed the effect of HscLC incorporation and Notch signaling modulation on the formation of both bile ducts and vasculature in mLOs using immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and live-perfusion imaging. The potential use of the mLOs in fibrosis modeling was evaluated by histological and gene expression analyses after treatment with pro-fibrotic cytokines. RESULTS We found that hPSC-derived HscLCs are crucial for generating functional microvasculature in mLOs. HscLC incorporation and subsequent vascularization substantially reduced apoptotic cell death and promoted the survival and growth of mLOs with microvessels. In particular, precise modulation of Notch signaling during a specific time window in organoid differentiation was critical for generating both bile ducts and vasculature. Live-cell imaging, a series of confocal scans, and electron microscopy demonstrated that blood vessels were well distributed inside mLOs and had perfusable lumens in vitro. In addition, exposure of mLOs to pro-fibrotic cytokines induced early fibrosis-associated events, including upregulation of genes associated with fibrotic induction and endothelial cell activation (i.e., collagen I, α-SMA, and ICAM) together with destruction of tissue architecture and organoid shrinkage. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that mLOs can reproduce parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell interactions and suggest that their application can advance the precise modeling of liver diseases in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Kim
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kyun Yoo Chi
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Seongyea Jo
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea ,grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Jihun Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, NEXEL Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07802 South Korea
| | - Choongseong Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, NEXEL Co., Ltd, Seoul, 07802 South Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - Han-Jin Park
- grid.418982.e0000 0004 5345 5340Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114 South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Saponara E, Penno C, Orsini V, Wang ZY, Fischer A, Aebi A, Matadamas-Guzman ML, Brun V, Fischer B, Brousseau M, O'Donnell P, Turner J, Graff Meyer A, Bollepalli L, d'Ario G, Roma G, Carbone W, Annunziato S, Obrecht M, Beckmann N, Saravanan C, Osmont A, Tropberger P, Richards SM, Genoud C, Ley S, Ksiazek I, Nigsch F, Terracciano LM, Schadt HS, Bouwmeester T, Tchorz JS, Ruffner H. Loss of Hepatic Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G-Protein Coupled Receptors 4 and 5 Promotes Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:161-181. [PMID: 36410420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The roof plate-specific spondin-leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4/5 (LGR4/5)-zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3)/ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) module is a master regulator of hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signaling and metabolic zonation. However, its impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. The current study investigated whether hepatic epithelial cell-specific loss of the Wnt/β-catenin modulator Lgr4/5 promoted NAFLD. The 3- and 6-month-old mice with hepatic epithelial cell-specific deletion of both receptors Lgr4/5 (Lgr4/5dLKO) were compared with control mice fed with normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD). Six-month-old HFD-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice developed hepatic steatosis and fibrosis but the control mice did not. Serum cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels in 3- and 6-month-old HFD-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice were decreased compared with those in control mice. An ex vivo primary hepatocyte culture assay and a comprehensive bile acid (BA) characterization in liver, plasma, bile, and feces demonstrated that ND-fed Lgr4/5dLKO mice had impaired BA secretion, predisposing them to develop cholestatic characteristics. Lipidome and RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrated severe alterations in several lipid species and pathways controlling lipid metabolism in the livers of Lgr4/5dLKO mice. In conclusion, loss of hepatic Wnt/β-catenin activity by Lgr4/5 deletion led to loss of BA secretion, cholestatic features, altered lipid homeostasis, and deregulation of lipoprotein pathways. Both BA and intrinsic lipid alterations contributed to the onset of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Saponara
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Penno
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhong-Yi Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meztli L Matadamas-Guzman
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virginie Brun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Fischer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Margaret Brousseau
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter O'Donnell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Turner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Graff Meyer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for BioMedical Research, Facility for Advanced Imaging and Microscopy, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni d'Ario
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Annunziato
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Obrecht
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chandra Saravanan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Arnaud Osmont
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Tropberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shola M Richards
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Humanitas Research Hospital, Anatomia Patologica, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Heiko S Schadt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kim M, Rizvi F, Shin D, Gouon-Evans V. Update on Hepatobiliary Plasticity. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:13-23. [PMID: 36764306 PMCID: PMC10005859 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The liver field has been debating for decades the contribution of the plasticity of the two epithelial compartments in the liver, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs), to derive each other as a repair mechanism. The hepatobiliary plasticity has been first observed in diseased human livers by the presence of biphenotypic cells expressing hepatocyte and BEC markers within bile ducts and regenerative nodules or budding from strings of proliferative BECs in septa. These observations are not surprising as hepatocytes and BECs derive from a common fetal progenitor, the hepatoblast, and, as such, they are expected to compensate for each other's loss in adults. To investigate the cell origin of regenerated cell compartments and associated molecular mechanisms, numerous murine and zebrafish models with ability to trace cell fates have been extensively developed. This short review summarizes the clinical and preclinical studies illustrating the hepatobiliary plasticity and its potential therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martini T, Naef F, Tchorz JS. Spatiotemporal Metabolic Liver Zonation and Consequences on Pathophysiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 18:439-466. [PMID: 36693201 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-024831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes are the main workers in the hepatic factory, managing metabolism of nutrients and xenobiotics, production and recycling of proteins, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. Division of labor between hepatocytes is critical to coordinate complex complementary or opposing multistep processes, similar to distributed tasks at an assembly line. This so-called metabolic zonation has both spatial and temporal components. Spatial distribution of metabolic function in hepatocytes of different lobular zones is necessary to perform complex sequential multistep metabolic processes and to assign metabolic tasks to the right environment. Moreover, temporal control of metabolic processes is critical to align required metabolic processes to the feeding and fasting cycles. Disruption of this complex spatiotemporal hepatic organization impairs key metabolic processes with both local and systemic consequences. Many metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes, are associated with impaired metabolic liver zonation. Recent technological advances shed new light on the spatiotemporal gene expression networks controlling liver function and how their deregulation may be involved in a large variety of diseases. We summarize the current knowledge about spatiotemporal metabolic liver zonation and consequences on liver pathobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Martini
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Felix Naef
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oderberg IM, Goessling W. Biliary epithelial cells are facultative liver stem cells during liver regeneration in adult zebrafish. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163929. [PMID: 36625346 PMCID: PMC9870093 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ, yet the presence of a dedicated stem cell population remains controversial. Here, we interrogate a severe hepatocyte injury model in adult zebrafish to define that regeneration involves a stem cell population. After near-total hepatocyte ablation, single-cell transcriptomic and high-resolution imaging analyses throughout the entire regenerative timeline reveal that biliary epithelial cells undergo transcriptional and morphological changes to become hepatocytes. As a population, biliary epithelial cells give rise to both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. Biliary epithelial cells proliferate and dedifferentiate to express hepatoblast transcription factors prior to hepatocyte differentiation. This process is characterized by increased MAPK, PI3K, and mTOR signaling, and chemical inhibition of these pathways impairs biliary epithelial cell proliferation and fate conversion. We conclude that, upon severe hepatocyte ablation in the adult liver, biliary epithelial cells act as facultative liver stem cells in an EGFR-PI3K-mTOR-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Oderberg
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Piccolo S, Panciera T, Contessotto P, Cordenonsi M. YAP/TAZ as master regulators in cancer: modulation, function and therapeutic approaches. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:9-26. [PMID: 36564601 PMCID: PMC7614914 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) in cancer is advancing. In this Review, we provide an update on recent progress in YAP/TAZ biology, their regulation by Hippo signaling and mechanotransduction and highlight open questions. YAP/TAZ signaling is an addiction shared by multiple tumor types and their microenvironments, providing many malignant attributes. As such, it represents an important vulnerability that may offer a broad window of therapeutic efficacy, and here we give an overview of the current treatment strategies and pioneering clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pibiri M, Simbula G. Role of the Hippo pathway in liver regeneration and repair: recent advances. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:59. [PMID: 36471376 PMCID: PMC9720992 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the signaling pathways involved in normal liver regeneration have been well characterized, less has been done for livers affected by chronic tissue damage. These "abnormal livers" have an impaired regenerative response that leads to liver repair and fibrosis. The tumor suppressor Hippo pathway plays a key role in liver regeneration and repair. On this basis, this review discusses recent studies focusing on the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway during "normal healthy liver regeneration" (i.e., in a normal liver after 2/3 partial hepatectomy) and "abnormal liver regeneration" (i.e., in a liver damaged by chronic disease). This could be an important question to address with respect to new therapies aimed at improving impaired liver regenerative responses. The studies reported here have shown that activation of the Hippo coactivators YAP/TAZ during normal liver regeneration promotes the formation of a new bile duct network through direct BEC proliferation or/and hepatocyte dedifferentiation to HPCs which can trans-differentiate to BECs. Moreover, YAP/TAZ signaling interaction with other signaling pathways mediates the recruitment and activation of Kupffer cells, which release mitogenic cytokines for parenchymal and/or non-parenchymal cells and engage in phagocytosis of cellular debris. In addition, YAP-mediated activation of stellate cells (HSCs) promotes liver regeneration through the synthesis of extracellular matrix. However, in chronically diseased livers, where the predetermined threshold for proper liver regeneration is exceeded, YAP/TAZ activation results in a reparative process characterized by liver fibrosis. In this condition, YAP/TAZ activation in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells results in (i) differentiation of quiescent HSCs into myofibroblastic HSCs; (ii) recruitment of macrophages releasing inflammatory cytokines; (iii) polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Since accumulation of damaged hepatocytes in chronic liver injury represent a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocarcinoma, this review also discussed the involvement of the Hippo pathway in the clearance of damaged cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
YAP affects the efficacy of liver progenitor cells transplantation in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:129-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Rizwan M, Ling C, Guo C, Liu T, Jiang JX, Bear CE, Ogawa S, Shoichet MS. Viscoelastic Notch Signaling Hydrogel Induces Liver Bile Duct Organoid Growth and Morphogenesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200880. [PMID: 36180392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocyte organoids can be used to model liver biliary disease; however, both a defined matrix to emulate cholangiocyte self-assembly and the mechano-transduction pathways involved therein remain elusive. A series of defined viscoelastic hyaluronan hydrogels to culture primary cholangiocytes are designed and it is found that by mimicking the stress relaxation rate of liver tissue, cholangiocyte organoid growth can be induced and expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) target genes could be significantly increased. Strikingly, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) does not significantly affect organoid growth in 3D culture, suggesting that mechanical remodeling of the viscoelastic microenvironment-and not MMP-mediated degradation-is the key to cholangiocyte organoid growth. By immobilizing Jagged1 to the hyaluronan, stress relaxing hydrogel, self-assembled bile duct structures form in organoid culture, indicating the synergistic effects of Notch signaling and viscoelasticity. By uncovering critical roles of hydrogel viscoelasticity, YAP signaling, and Notch activation, cholangiocyte organogenesis is controlled, thereby paving the way for their use in disease modeling and/or transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher Ling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Chengyu Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Tracy Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Programme, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Molecular Medicine Programme, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.,Soham & Shalia Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu L, Sun Y, Liu S, Erb H, Singh A, Mao J, Luo X, Wu X. Discovery of a new class of reversible TEA domain transcription factor inhibitors with a novel binding mode. eLife 2022; 11:e80210. [PMID: 36398861 PMCID: PMC9728997 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The TEA domain (TEAD) transcription factor forms a transcription co-activation complex with the key downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ. TEAD-YAP controls the expression of Hippo-responsive genes involved in cell proliferation, development, and tumorigenesis. Hyperactivation of TEAD-YAP activities is observed in many human cancers and is associated with cancer cell proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. Therefore, targeting the TEAD-YAP complex has emerged as an attractive therapeutic approach. We previously reported that the mammalian TEAD transcription factors (TEAD1-4) possess auto-palmitoylation activities and contain an evolutionarily conserved palmitate-binding pocket (PBP), which allows small-molecule modulation. Since then, several reversible and irreversible inhibitors have been reported by binding to PBP. Here, we report a new class of TEAD inhibitors with a novel binding mode. Representative analog TM2 shows potent inhibition of TEAD auto-palmitoylation both in vitro and in cells. Surprisingly, the co-crystal structure of the human TEAD2 YAP-binding domain (YBD) in complex with TM2 reveals that TM2 adopts an unexpected binding mode by occupying not only the hydrophobic PBP, but also a new side binding pocket formed by hydrophilic residues. RNA-seq analysis shows that TM2 potently and specifically suppresses TEAD-YAP transcriptional activities. Consistently, TM2 exhibits strong antiproliferation effects as a single agent or in combination with a MEK inhibitor in YAP-dependent cancer cells. These findings establish TM2 as a promising small-molecule inhibitor against TEAD-YAP activities and provide new insights for designing novel TEAD inhibitors with enhanced selectivity and potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Yang Sun
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Shun Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology & Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Hannah Erb
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Junhao Mao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Departments of Pharmacology & Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xie Y, Hu B, Gao Y, Tang Y, Chen G, Shen J, Jiang Z, Jiang H, Han J, Yan J, Jin L. Yap signalling regulates ductular reactions in mice with CRISPR/Cas9-induced glycogen storage disease type Ia. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:300-309. [PMID: 36605584 PMCID: PMC9809376 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2139755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) is caused by a deficiency in the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase, G6pc) enzyme, which catalyses the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Accumulation of G6pc can lead to an increase in glycogen and development of fatty liver. Ductular reactions refer to the proliferation of cholangiocytes and hepatic progenitors, which worsen fatty liver progress. To date, however, ductular reactions in GSD-Ia remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the development and potential underlying mechanism of ductular reactions in GSD-Ia in mice. We first generated GSD-Ia mice using CRISPR/Cas9 to target the exon 3 region of the G6pc gene. The typical GSD-Ia phenotype in G6pc -/- mice was then analysed using biochemical and histological assays. Ductular reactions in G6pc -/- mice were tested based on the expression of cholangiocytic markers cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap) signalling activity was measured using western blot (WB) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Verteporfin was administered to the G6pc -/- mice to inhibit Yap signalling. The CRISPR/Cas9 system efficiently generated G6pc -/- mice, which exhibited typical GSD-Ia characteristics, including retarded growth, hypoglycaemia, and fatty liver disease. In addition, CK19- and EpCAM-positive cells as well as Yap signalling activity were increased in the livers of G6pc -/- mice. However, verteporfin treatment ameliorated ductular reactions and decreased Yap signalling activity. This study not only improves our understanding of GSD-Ia pathophysiology, but also highlights the potential of novel therapeutic approaches for GSD-Ia such as drug targeting of ductular reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Xie
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China,Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Tang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohe Chen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Shen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhikai Jiang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiwei Han
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junyan Yan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China, Junyan Yan School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang312000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifang Jin
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China,Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China,Lifang Jin School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang312000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun D, Llora Batlle O, van den Ameele J, Thomas JC, He P, Lim K, Tang W, Xu C, Meyer KB, Teichmann SA, Marioni JC, Jackson SP, Brand AH, Rawlins EL. SOX9 maintains human foetal lung tip progenitor state by enhancing WNT and RTK signalling. EMBO J 2022; 41:e111338. [PMID: 36121125 PMCID: PMC9627674 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between self-renewal and differentiation in human foetal lung epithelial progenitors controls the size and function of the adult organ. Moreover, progenitor cell gene regulation networks are employed by both regenerating and malignant lung cells, where modulators of their effects could potentially be of therapeutic value. Details of the molecular networks controlling human lung progenitor self-renewal remain unknown. We performed the first CRISPRi screen in primary human lung organoids to identify transcription factors controlling progenitor self-renewal. We show that SOX9 promotes proliferation of lung progenitors and inhibits precocious airway differentiation. Moreover, by identifying direct transcriptional targets using Targeted DamID, we place SOX9 at the centre of a transcriptional network, which amplifies WNT and RTK signalling to stabilise the progenitor cell state. In addition, the proof-of-principle CRISPRi screen and Targeted DamID tools establish a new workflow for using primary human organoids to elucidate detailed functional mechanisms underlying normal development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Oriol Llora Batlle
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jelle van den Ameele
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John C Thomas
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Peng He
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)CambridgeUK
| | - Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Walfred Tang
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Chufan Xu
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Department of Physics/Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John C Marioni
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)CambridgeUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrea H Brand
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu JX, Liu M, Yu GZ, Zhao QQ, Wang JL, Sun YH, Koda S, Zhang B, Yu Q, Yan C, Tang RX, Jiang ZH, Zheng KY. Clonorchis sinensis infection induces hepatobiliary injury via disturbing sphingolipid metabolism and activating sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1011378. [PMID: 36339341 PMCID: PMC9627039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection induces severe hepatobiliary injuries, which can cause inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Sphingolipid metabolic pathways responsible for the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptor S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been implicated in many liver-related diseases. However, the role of S1PRs in C. sinensis-mediated biliary epithelial cells (BECs) proliferation and hepatobiliary injury has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that C. sinensis infection resulted in alteration of bioactive lipids and sphingolipid metabolic pathways in mice liver. Furthermore, S1PR2 was predominantly activated among these S1PRs in BECs both in vivo and in vitro. Using JTE-013, a specific antagonist of S1PR2, we found that the hepatobiliary pathological injuries, inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia, and periductal fibrosis can be significantly inhibited in C. sinensis-infected mice. In addition, both C. sinensis excretory-secretory products (CsESPs)- and S1P-induced activation of AKT and ERK1/2 were inhibited by JTE-013 in BECs. Therefore, the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and S1PR2 play an important role, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets in hepatobiliary injury caused by C. sinensis-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Pathogen Biology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Man Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, China
| | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oh HT, Heo W, Yoo GD, Kim KM, Hwang JH, Hwang ES, Ko J, Ko YG, Hong JH. CD133-Src-TAZ signaling stimulates ductal fibrosis following DDC diet-induced liver injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4504-4516. [PMID: 36250997 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury follows inflammation and liver fibrosis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the role of ductal WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was investigated after liver injury. Ductal TAZ-knockout (DKO) mice showed decreased liver fibrosis following a Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) diet compared to wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of fibrosis inducers, including connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf)/cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), in DKO mice. Similarly, TAZ-knockout (KO) cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased expression of fibrosis inducers. Additionally, the culture supernatant of TAZ-KO cholangiocyte organoids decreased the fibrogenic gene expression in liver stellate cells. Further studies revealed that prominin 1 (PROM1/CD133) stimulated TAZ for fibrosis. After the administration of DDC diet, fibrosis was decreased in CD133-KO (CD133-KO) mice compared to that in WT mice. Similarly, CD133-KO cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased Ctgf, Cyr61, and Tgfb1 expression levels compared to WT cholangiocyte organoids. Mechanistically, CD133 stabilized TAZ via Src activation. Inhibition of Src decreased TAZ levels. Similarly, CD133-knockdown HCT116 cells showed decreased TAZ levels, but reintroduction of active Src recovered the TAZ levels. Taken together, our results suggest that TAZ facilitates liver fibrosis after a DDC diet via the CD133-Src-TAZ axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Taek Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Don Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Annunziato S, Sun T, Tchorz JS. The RSPO-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module in liver homeostasis, regeneration, and disease. Hepatology 2022; 76:888-899. [PMID: 35006616 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling plays pivotal roles during liver development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Likewise, its deregulation disturbs metabolic liver zonation and is responsible for the development of a large number of hepatic tumors. Liver fibrosis, which has become a major health burden for society and a hallmark of NASH, can also be promoted by WNT/β-catenin signaling. Upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling hepatic WNT/β-catenin activity may constitute targets for the development of novel therapies addressing these life-threatening conditions. The R-spondin (RSPO)-leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor (LGR) 4/5-zinc and ring finger (ZNRF) 3/ring finger 43 (RNF43) module is fine-tuning WNT/β-catenin signaling in several tissues and is essential for hepatic WNT/β-catenin activity. In this review article, we recapitulate the role of the RSPO-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module during liver development, homeostasis, metabolic zonation, regeneration, and disease. We further discuss the controversy around LGR5 as a liver stem cell marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tianliang Sun
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lin Y, Dong M, Liu Z, Xu M, Huang Z, Liu H, Gao Y, Zhou W. A strategy of vascular-targeted therapy for liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2022; 76:660-675. [PMID: 34940991 PMCID: PMC9543235 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS No effective treatments are available for liver fibrosis. Angiogenesis is deeply involved in liver fibrogenesis. However, current controversial results suggest it is difficult to treat liver fibrosis through vascular targeting. There are three different microvessels in liver: portal vessels, liver sinusoids, and central vessels. The changes and roles for each of the three different vessels during liver fibrogenesis are unclear. We propose that they play different roles during liver fibrogenesis, and a single vascular endothelial cell (EC) regulator is not enough to fully regulate these three vessels to treat liver fibrosis. Therefore, a combined regulation of multiple different EC regulatory signaling pathway may provide new strategies for the liver fibrosis therapy. Herein, we present a proof-of-concept strategy by combining the regulation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2)/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 signaling with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/recombinant VEGF (rVEGF) signaling. APPROACH AND RESULTS The CCl4 -induced mouse liver fibrosis model and NASH model were both used. During fibrogenesis, vascular changes occurred at very early stage, and different liver vessels showed different changes and played different roles: decreased portal vessels, increased sinusoid capillarization and the increased central vessels the increase of portal vessels alleviates liver fibrosis, the increase of central vessels aggravates liver fibrosis, and the increase of sinusoid capillarization aggravates liver fibrosis. The combinational treatment of adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9)-LECT2-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and rVEGF showed improved therapeutic effects, but it led to serious side effects. The combination of AAV9-LECT2-shRNA and bevacizumab showed both improved therapeutic effects and decreased side effects. CONCLUSIONS Liver vascular changes occurred at very early stage of fibrogenesis. Different vessels play different roles in liver fibrosis. The combinational treatment of AAV9-LECT2-shRNA and bevacizumab could significantly improve the therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of PathologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan)FoshanChina,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng‐Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal TumorNanfang HospitalFirst Clinical Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Juan Liu
- Department of BioinformationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery CenterDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery IIGuangdong ProvincialResearch Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue EngineeringGuangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial LiverInstitute of Regenerative MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Jie Zhou
- Department of PathologyShunde HospitalSouthern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde Foshan)FoshanChina,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchDepartment of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal TumorNanfang HospitalFirst Clinical Medical CollegeSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,General Surgery CenterDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery IIGuangdong ProvincialResearch Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue EngineeringGuangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial LiverInstitute of Regenerative MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Microbiome Medicine CenterZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)GuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yang L, Yue W, Zhang H, Gao Y, Yang L, Li L. The role of roof plate-specific spondins in liver homeostasis and disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
47
|
Hrncir HR, Gracz AD. Cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in the intrahepatic biliary epithelium. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 2:108-120. [PMID: 36593993 PMCID: PMC9802653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues comprise heterogeneous cellular subpopulations, which often compartmentalize specialized functions like absorption and secretion to distinct cell types. In the liver, hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs; also called cholangiocytes) are the two major epithelial lineages and play distinct roles in (1) metabolism, protein synthesis, detoxification, and (2) bile transport and modification, respectively. Recent technological advances, including single cell transcriptomic assays, have shed new light on well-established heterogeneity among hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells in the liver. However, a "ground truth" understanding of molecular heterogeneity in BECs has remained elusive, and the field currently lacks a set of consensus biomarkers for identifying BEC subpopulations. Here, we review long-standing definitions of BEC heterogeneity as well as emerging studies that aim to characterize BEC subpopulations using next generation single cell assays. Understanding cellular heterogeneity in the intrahepatic bile ducts holds promise for expanding our foundational mechanistic knowledge of BECs during homeostasis and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Hrncir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Adam D. Gracz
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Eirew P, O'Flanagan C, Ting J, Salehi S, Brimhall J, Wang B, Biele J, Algara T, Lee SR, Hoang C, Yap D, McKinney S, Bates C, Kong E, Lai D, Beatty S, Andronescu M, Zaikova E, Funnell T, Ceglia N, Chia S, Gelmon K, Mar C, Shah S, Roth A, Bouchard-Côté A, Aparicio S. Accurate determination of CRISPR-mediated gene fitness in transplantable tumours. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4534. [PMID: 35927228 PMCID: PMC9352714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing tumour gene fitness in physiologically-relevant model systems is challenging due to biological features of in vivo tumour regeneration, including extreme variations in single cell lineage progeny. Here we develop a reproducible, quantitative approach to pooled genetic perturbation in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), by encoding single cell output from transplanted CRISPR-transduced cells in combination with a Bayesian hierarchical model. We apply this to 181 PDX transplants from 21 breast cancer patients. We show that uncertainty in fitness estimates depends critically on the number of transplant cell clones and the variability in clone sizes. We use a pathway-directed allelic series to characterize Notch signaling, and quantify TP53 / MDM2 drug-gene conditional fitness in outlier patients. We show that fitness outlier identification can be mirrored by pharmacological perturbation. Overall, we demonstrate that the gene fitness landscape in breast PDXs is dominated by inter-patient differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Eirew
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ciara O'Flanagan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerome Ting
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sohrab Salehi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jazmine Brimhall
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beixi Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justina Biele
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- AbCellera Biologics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Algara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - So Ra Lee
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Corey Hoang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Damian Yap
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven McKinney
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cherie Bates
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Esther Kong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sean Beatty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Elena Zaikova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tyler Funnell
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas Ceglia
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Stephen Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Gelmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin Mar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sohrab Shah
- Computational Oncology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Roth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Athavale D, Song Z, Desert R, Han H, Das S, Ge X, Komakula SSB, Chen W, Gao S, Lantvit D, Guzman G, Nieto N. Ablation of high-mobility group box-1 in the liver reduces hepatocellular carcinoma but causes hyperbilirubinemia in Hippo signaling-deficient mice. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2155-2169. [PMID: 35344292 PMCID: PMC9315122 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing the Hippo kinases mammalian sterile 20-like 1 and 2 (MST1/2) activates the transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein (YAP) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocyte-derived high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) regulates YAP expression; however, its contribution to HCC in the context of deregulated Hippo signaling is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that HMGB1 is required for hepatocarcinogenesis by activating YAP in Hippo signaling-deficient (Mst1/2ΔHep ) mice. Mst1/2ΔHep mice developed HCC within 3.5 months of age and had increased hepatic expression of HMGB1 and elevated YAP activity compared to controls. To understand the contribution of HMGB1, we generated Mst1/2&Hmgb1ΔHep mice. They exhibited decreased YAP activity, cell proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, atypical ductal cell expansion, and HCC burden at 3.5 months compared to Mst1/2∆Hep mice. However, Mst1/2&Hmgb1ΔHep mice were smaller, developed hyperbilirubinemia, had more liver injury with intrahepatic biliary defects, and had reduced hemoglobin compared to Mst1/2ΔHep mice. Conclusion: Hepatic HMGB1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by regulation of YAP activity; nevertheless, it maintains intrahepatic bile duct physiology under Hippo signaling deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Athavale
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Zhuolun Song
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Romain Desert
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Hui Han
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Sukanta Das
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Shenglan Gao
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Grace Guzman
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- 14681Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA.,14681Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA.,Research Biologist, Research & Development Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The human liver is a complex organ made up of multiple specialized cell types that carry out key physiological functions. An incomplete understanding of liver biology limits our ability to develop therapeutics to prevent chronic liver diseases, liver cancers, and death as a result of organ failure. Recently, single-cell modalities have expanded our understanding of the cellular phenotypic heterogeneity and intercellular cross-talk in liver health and disease. This review summarizes these findings and looks forward to highlighting new avenues for the application of single-cell genomics to unravel unknown pathogenic pathways and disease mechanisms for the development of new therapeutics targeting liver pathology. As these technologies mature, their integration into clinical data analysis will aid in patient stratification and in developing treatment plans for patients suffering from liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawairia Atif
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Schwartz Reisman Liver Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian D. McGilvray
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Schwartz Reisman Liver Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya A. MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Schwartz Reisman Liver Research Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|