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Chianese T, Trinchese G, Leandri R, De Falco M, Mollica MP, Scudiero R, Rosati L. Glyphosate Exposure Induces Cytotoxicity, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Activation of ERα and ERβ Estrogen Receptors in Human Prostate PNT1A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7039. [PMID: 39000147 PMCID: PMC11241661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient of several broad-spectrum herbicides, is widely used throughout the world, although many adverse effects are known. Among these, it has been recognized as an endocrine disruptor. This work aimed to test the effects and potential endocrine disrupting action of glyphosate on PNT1A human prostate cells, an immortalized non-tumor epithelial cell line, possessing both ERα and ERβ estrogen receptors. The results showed that glyphosate induces cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and rapid activation of ERα and ERβ via nuclear translocation. Molecular analysis indicated a possible involvement of apoptosis in glyphosate-induced cytotoxicology. The apoptotic process could be attributed to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism; therefore, the main parameters of mitochondrial functionality were investigated using the Seahorse analyzer. Impaired mitochondrial function was observed in glyphosate-treated cells, with reductions in ATP production, spare respiratory capacity, and proton leakage, along with increased efficiency of mitochondrial coupling. Finally, the results of immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that glyphosate acts as an estrogen disruptor determining the nuclear translocation of both ERs. Nuclear translocation occurred independent of dose, faster than the specific hormone, and persisted throughout treatment. In conclusion, the results collected show that in non-tumor prostate cells glyphosate can cause cell death and acts as a xenoestrogen, activating estrogen receptors. The consequent alteration of hormonal functions can have negative effects on the reproductive health of exposed animals, compromising their fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Chianese
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rebecca Leandri
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosaria Scudiero
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Rosati
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (T.C.); (G.T.); (R.L.); (M.D.F.); (M.P.M.); (R.S.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- CIRAM—Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Ambiente”, University Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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Vitku J, Skodova T, Varausova A, Gadus L, Michnova L, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Simkova M, Heracek J. Endocrine Disruptors and Estrogens in Human Prostatic Tissue. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S411-S422. [PMID: 38116777 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are ubiquitous substances both in the environment and everyday products that interfere with the hormonal system. Growing evidence demonstrates their adverse effects on the organism, including the reproductive system and the prostate, owing to their (anti)estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects. Since EDs can interact with steroid hormone actions on-site, understanding the levels of intraprostatic EDs in conjunction with steroids may hold particular significance. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for determining estrogens, various groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, oxybenzone and nonylphenol) and phytoestrogens in their unconjugated and conjugated forms in prostate tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and subsequently analyze 20 human prostate tissue samples. The method enabled 20 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), bisphenols (bisphenol A- BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, benzyl- paraben), oxybenzone, nonylphenol and phytoestrogens (daidzein, genistein, equol) with LLOQs between 0.017-2.86 pg/mg of tissue. The most frequently detected EDs in prostate tissues were propylparaben (conjugated and unconjugated forms in 100 % of tissues), methylparaben (unconjugated in 45 % and conjugated in 100 %), ethylparaben (unconjugated in 25 % and conjugated in 100 % BPA (unconjugated in 35 % and conjugated in 60 % and oxybenzone (both forms in 45 % To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study detecting EDs, phytoestrogens and estriol conjugate (E3C) in the prostate. E3C was the most abundant estrogen in prostatic tissue. This highlights the need for further explorations into estrogen metabolism within the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Silva SB, Ruiz TFR, Dos Santos FCA, Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL. Impacts of heavy metal exposure on the prostate of murine models: Mechanisms of toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108448. [PMID: 37490985 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are elements found into the environment mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Naturally occurring and higher released doses cause disorders in the prostate, which depends on appropriate hormonal regulation, and exposure to heavy metals may impair prostate homeostasis. The current work highlighted the main mechanisms of toxicity of different environmental heavy metal contaminants, such as aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel, and their impacts found in the prostate morphophysiology of murine models. The repercussions triggered by heavy metals on the prostate include hormonal imbalance and oxidative damage, leading to morphological alterations, which can vary according to the chemical properties of each element, exposure time and concentration, and age. The information of altered biological pathways and its impacts on the prostate of exposed murines are related to human outcomes being useful in the real context of human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bicalho Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Pejčić T, Todorović Z, Đurašević S, Popović L. Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032939. [PMID: 36769263 PMCID: PMC9917912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is today the second most common cancer in the world, with almost 400,000 deaths annually. Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of PCa, such as older age, genetic mutations, ethnicity, diet, or inflammation. Modern treatment of PCa involves radical surgical treatment or radiation therapy in the stages when the tumor is limited to the prostate. When metastases develop, the standard procedure is androgen deprivation therapy, which aims to reduce the level of circulating testosterone, which is achieved by surgical or medical castration. However, when the level of testosterone decreases to the castration level, the tumor cells adapt to the new conditions through different mechanisms, which enable their unhindered growth and survival, despite the therapy. New knowledge about the biology of the so-called of castration-resistant PCa and the way it adapts to therapy will enable the development of new drugs, whose goal is to prolong the survival of patients with this stage of the disease, which will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-641281844
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- University Medical Centre “Bežanijska kosa”, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Aydın YM, Şahin AB, Dölek R, Vuruşkan BA, Ocakoğlu G, Vuruşkan H, Yavaşcaoğlu İ, Coşkun B. Prognostic value of estrogen receptors in patients who underwent prostatectomy for non‑metastatic prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:78. [PMID: 36742361 PMCID: PMC9853097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors in prostate cancer (PCa) are a subject of debate. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) impact the biochemical recurrence (BCR) of non-metastatic PCa after surgery. Following the application of the exclusion criteria, data from 108 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between January 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 36 patients with BCR constituted the BCR group. The control group was formed using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method with a 1:2 ratio, including parameters with well-studied effects on BCR. The median follow-up time was 74.3 (range, 30-127.5) months in the BCR group and 66.6 (range, 31.5-130) months in the control group. Pathology specimens from the two groups were immunohistochemically stained with ERα and ERβ antibodies. Logistic regression analysis and survival analysis were performed. No differences in clinicopathological characteristics were detected between the two groups. The patients with ERα(-)/ERβ(+) staining results had a significantly fewer BCRs than other patients (P=0.024). In the logistic regression analysis, patients with ERα(-)/ERβ(+) PCa also had a significantly lower risk of recurrence (P=0.048). In the survival analysis, the 5-year BCR-free survival rate of patients with ERα(-)/ERβ(+) PCa was higher than that of other patients (85.7 vs. 66.1%; P=0.031). Excluding the effects of well-studied risk factors for recurrence by the PSM method, the present study showed that ERα and ERβ have prognostic value for non-metastatic PCa. The 5-year BCR-free survival rate is significantly higher in patients whose PCa tissue has ERα(-)/ERβ(+) staining results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Mert Aydın
- Department of Urology, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey,Correspondence to: Dr Yavuz Mert Aydın, Department of Urology, Bursa Uludag University, 3 Izmir Street, Gorukle Campus, 16059 Bursa, Turkey, E-mail:
| | | | - Rabia Dölek
- Department of Pathology, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Gökhan Ocakoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hakan Vuruşkan
- Department of Urology, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Burhan Coşkun
- Department of Urology, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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Crowley F, Mihalopoulos M, Gaglani S, Tewari AK, Tsao CK, Djordjevic M, Kyprianou N, Purohit RS, Lundon DJ. Prostate cancer in transgender women: considerations for screening, diagnosis and management. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:177-189. [PMID: 36261584 PMCID: PMC9902518 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgender individuals represent 0.55% of the US population, equivalent to 1.4 million transgender adults. In transgender women, feminisation can include a number of medical and surgical interventions. The main goal is to deprive the phenotypically masculine body of androgens and simultaneously provide oestrogen therapy for feminisation. In gender-confirming surgery (GCS) for transgender females, the prostate is usually not removed. Due to limitations of existing cohort studies, the true incidence of prostate cancer in transgender females is unknown but is thought to be less than the incidence among cis-gender males. It is unclear how prostate cancer develops in androgen-deprived conditions in these patients. Six out of eleven case reports in the literature presented with metastatic disease. It is thought that androgen receptor-mediated mechanisms or tumour-promoting effects of oestrogen may be responsible. Due to the low incidence of prostate cancer identified in transgender women, there is little evidence to drive specific screening recommendations in this patient subpopulation. The treatment of early and locally advanced prostate cancer in these patients warrants an individualised thoughtful approach with input from patients' reconstructive surgeons. Both surgical and radiation treatment for prostate cancer in these patients can profoundly impact the patient's quality of life. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding screening and treatment of prostate cancer in transgender women and consider the current gaps in our knowledge in providing evidence-based guidance at the molecular, genomic and epidemiological level, for clinical decision-making in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Crowley
- Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside West, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meredith Mihalopoulos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Simita Gaglani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miroslav Djordjevic
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajveer S Purohit
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Dara J Lundon
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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7
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Muhammad A, Forcados GE, Yusuf AP, Abubakar MB, Sadiq IZ, Elhussin I, Siddique MAT, Aminu S, Suleiman RB, Abubakar YS, Katsayal BS, Yates CC, Mahavadi S. Comparative G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) Systems in Diabetic and Cancer Conditions: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248943. [PMID: 36558071 PMCID: PMC9786783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For many patients, diabetes Mellitus and Malignancy are frequently encountered comorbidities. Diabetes affects approximately 10.5% of the global population, while malignancy accounts for 29.4 million cases each year. These troubling statistics indicate that current treatment approaches for these diseases are insufficient. Alternative therapeutic strategies that consider unique signaling pathways in diabetic and malignancy patients could provide improved therapeutic outcomes. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is receiving attention for its role in disease pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. This review aims to critically examine GPER' s comparative role in diabetes mellitus and malignancy, identify research gaps that need to be filled, and highlight GPER's potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes and malignancy management. There is a scarcity of data on GPER expression patterns in diabetic models; however, for diabetes mellitus, altered expression of transport and signaling proteins has been linked to GPER signaling. In contrast, GPER expression in various malignancy types appears to be complex and debatable at the moment. Current data show inconclusive patterns of GPER expression in various malignancies, with some indicating upregulation and others demonstrating downregulation. Further research should be conducted to investigate GPER expression patterns and their relationship with signaling pathways in diabetes mellitus and various malignancies. We conclude that GPER has therapeutic potential for chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Muhammad
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | | | - Abdurrahman Pharmacy Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research & Training (CAMRET), Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto P.M.B. 2254, Nigeria
| | - Idris Zubairu Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Md Abu Talha Siddique
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Suleiman Aminu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Rabiatu Bako Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Babangida Sanusi Katsayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria P.M.B. 1044, Nigeria
| | - Clayton C Yates
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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miR-18a-5p Is Involved in the Developmental Origin of Prostate Cancer in Maternally Malnourished Offspring Rats: A DOHaD Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314855. [PMID: 36499183 PMCID: PMC9739077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept correlates early life exposure to stressor conditions with the increased incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa), throughout the life span. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain poorly understood. In this study, the deregulation of two miRNAs (rno-miR-18a-5p and rno-miR-345-3p) was described in the ventral prostate VP of old rats born to dams fed with a low protein diet (LPD) (6% protein in the diet) during gestational and lactational periods. Integrative analysis of the (VP) transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed changes in the expression profile of 14 identified predicted targets of these two DE miRNAs, which enriched terms related to post-translational protein modification, metabolism of proteins, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, metabolic pathways, N-glycan trimming in the ER and the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, hedgehog ligand biogenesis, the ER-phagosome pathway, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, antigenprocessing-cross presentation, RAB geranylgeranylation, collagen formation, glutathione metabolism, the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and platinum drug resistance. RT-qPCR validated the deregulation of the miR-18a-5p/P4HB (prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta) network in the VP of older offspring as well as in the PNT-2 cells transfected with mimic miR-18a-5p. Functional in vitro studies revealed a potential modulation of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) by miR-18a-5p in PNT-2 cells, which was also confirmed in the VP of older offspring. An imbalance of the testosterone/estrogen ratio was also observed in the offspring rats born to dams fed with an LPD. In conclusion, deregulation of the miR-18a-5p/P4HB network can contribute to the developmental origins of prostate cancer in maternally malnourished offspring, highlighting the need for improving maternal healthcare during critical windows of vulnerability early in life.
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Ayangbesan A, Kavoussi N. Racial Disparities in Diagnosis and Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Review. Curr Urol Rep 2022; 23:297-302. [PMID: 36217002 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-022-01118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We sought to perform a contemporary literature review highlighting the racial disparities which exists in the evaluation and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). RECENT FINDINGS Current literature suggests that racial disparities exist in the diagnosis of BPH and treatment lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This is seen in the presentation and diagnosis of the disease as well as a difference in preventative care with discordant incidences of medical and surgical management among racial groups. The racial disparities that exist in the diagnosis and management of BPH and LUTS require further investigation to better identify the underlying causes. This will ultimately allow for continued improvement in care delivery and a more personalized approach in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola Ayangbesan
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Nicholas Kavoussi
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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10
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Xie B, Meng Q, Yu H, Shen K, Cheng Y, Dong C, Zhou HB. Estrogen receptor β-targeted hypoxia-responsive near-infrared fluorescence probes for prostate cancer study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gadkar S, Thakur M, Desouza J, Bhowmick S, Patel V, Chaudhari U, Acharya KK, Sachdeva G. Estrogen receptor expression is modulated in human and mouse prostate epithelial cells during cancer progression. Steroids 2022; 184:109036. [PMID: 35413338 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial data posit estrogen receptors (ERs) as promising targets for prostate cancer (PCa) therapeutics. However, the trials on assessing the chemo-preventive or therapeutic potential of ER targeting drugs or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet established their clinical benefits. This could be ascribed to a possible modulation in the ER expression during PCa progression. Further it is warranted to test various ER targeting drugs in appropriate preclinical models that simulate human ER expression pattern during PCa progression. The study was undertaken to revisit the existing data on the epithelial ER expression pattern in human cancerous prostates and experimentally determine whether these patterns are replicated in TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate) mice, a model for human PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells and its modulation during the PCa progression in TRAMP were also investigated. A reassessment of the existing data revealed a trend towards downregulation in the epithelial expression of wild-type ESR1 transcripts in high-grade PCa, compared to non-cancerous prostate in humans. Next, epithelial cell-enriched populations from TRAMP prostates (TP) displaying low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), high-grade PIN (HGPIN), HGPIN with well-differentiated carcinoma (PIN + WDC), WDC (equivalent to grade 2/3 human PCa), and poorly-differentiated carcinoma (PDC-equivalent to grade 4/5 human PCa) revealed significantly higher Esr1 and Esr2 levels in HGPIN and significantly reduced levels in WDC, compared to respective age-matched control prostates. These patterns for the nuclear ERs were similar to the trend shown by E2 binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells during PCa progression in TRAMP. E2 binding to epithelial cells (EpCAM+), though significantly higher in TPs displaying LGPIN, decreased significantly as the disease progressed to WDC. The study highlights a reduction in the epithelial ESR level with the PCa progression and this pattern was evident in both humans and TRAMP. These observations may have major implications in refining PCa therapeutics targeting ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Gadkar
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mohini Thakur
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Junita Desouza
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Shilpa Bhowmick
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kshitish K Acharya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Shodhaka Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru (Bangalore) 560100, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India.
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12
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Zhang H, Ruan Z, Wei D, Xia Q, Yang Y, Wang J, Gu Y, Wang S. Simultaneous Determination of Steroids and Glucocorticoids in Human Urine by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ruan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences & Institute of Basic Medical Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Xia
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch), Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Gangavarapu KJ, Jowdy PF, Foster BA, Huss WJ. Role of prostate stem cells and treatment strategies in benign prostate hyperplasia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:154-169. [PMID: 35874288 PMCID: PMC9301063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disease with a direct correlation between incidence and age. Since the treatment and management of BPH involve harmful side effects and decreased quality of life for the patient, the primary focus of research should be to find better and longer-lasting therapeutic options. The mechanisms regulating prostate stem cells in development can be exploited to decrease prostate growth. BPH is defined as the overgrowth of the prostate, and BPH is often diagnosed when lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of urine storage or voiding symptoms cause patients to seek treatment. While multiple factors are involved in the hyperplastic growth of the stromal and epithelial compartments of the prostate, the clonal proliferation of stem cells is considered one of the main reasons for BPH initiation and regrowth of the prostate after therapies for BPH fail. Several theories explain possible reasons for the involvement of stem cells in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of BPH. The aim of the current review is to discuss current literature on the fundamentals of prostate development and the role of stem cells in BPH. This review examines the rationale for the hypothesis that unregulated stem cell properties can lead to BPH and therapeutic targeting of stem cells may reduce treatment-related side effects and prevent the regrowth of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan J Gangavarapu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Peter F Jowdy
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at BuffaloBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Wendy J Huss
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
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14
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Yang Y, Sheng J, Hu S, Cui Y, Xiao J, Yu W, Peng J, Han W, He Q, Fan Y, Niu Y, Lin J, Tian Y, Chang C, Yeh S, Jin J. Estrogen and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor accelerate the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia by inducing prostatic fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:533. [PMID: 35672281 PMCID: PMC9174491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common and progressive urological disease in elderly men worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the speed of disease progression varies among individuals, while the pathophysiological mechanisms of accelerated clinical progression in some BPH patients remain to be elucidated. In this study, we defined patients with BPH as belonging to the accelerated progressive group (transurethral resection of the prostate [TURP] surgery at ≤50 years old), normal-speed progressive group (TURP surgery at ≥70 years old), or non-progressive group (age ≤50 years old without BPH-related surgery). We enrolled prostate specimens from the three groups of patients and compared these tissues to determine the histopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying BPH patients with accelerated progression. We found that the main histopathological characteristics of accelerated progressive BPH tissues were increased stromal components and prostatic fibrosis, which were accompanied by higher myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition. Mechanism dissection demonstrated that these accelerated progressive BPH tissues have higher expression of the CYP19 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with higher estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen functions via GPER/Gαi signaling to modulate the EGFR/ERK and HIF-1α/TGF-β1 signaling to increase prostatic stromal cell proliferation and prostatic stromal fibrosis. The increased stromal components and prostatic fibrosis may accelerate the clinical progression of BPH. Targeting this newly identified CYP19/estrogen/GPER/Gαi signaling axis may facilitate the development of novel personalized therapeutics to better suppress the progression of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cui
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020 Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Peng
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Han
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, 300211 Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Lin
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Ye Tian
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Chawnshang Chang Sex Hormone Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, 300211 Tianjin, China ,grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, Radiation Oncology, and The Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Jie Jin
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034 Beijing, China ,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital diseases (male) molecular diagnosis and treatment center, Beijing, China
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15
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Chu L, Shu X, Huang Y, Chu T, Ge M, Lu Q. Sex Steroid Hormones in Urinary Exosomes as Biomarkers for the Prediction of Prostate Cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:389-398. [PMID: 35487250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although they are involved in the progression of PCa, the use of sex steroid hormones in urinary exosomes as biomarkers for PCa remains obscure. Here, the potential use of sex steroid hormones in urinary exosomes as biomarkers was investigated for the prediction of early-stage PCa to assist in clinical diagnosis. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-six participants were randomly recruited, 231 patients with PCa and 55 healthy controls. According to their Gleason scores (GSs), the patients with PCa were divided into two groups, mild PCa (GS6) (n=116) and severe (≥ GS7) group (n=115),. The concentrations of 8 sex steroid hormones in urinary exosomes were quantitated using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC-APCI-MS/MS). RESULTS The results showed that the levels of 7 out of 8 sex steroids including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estrone (E1), but not estradiol (E2) in urinary exosomes, were not only distinguished the PCa patients from healthy controls, can also differentiate between patients with mild and severe PCa. Of the 8 selected urinary exosomal biomarkers, DHEA, DHEAS, T, and DHT were finally screened further to build the regression model, and the detection method of the 4 biomarkers-combined achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.854 and predictive accuracy of 78.2%. CONCLUSION Our data showed the use of exosomal sex steroids in urine could be as biomarkers for predicting PCa for the first time. This finding would supply a novel insight for PCa diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxi Chu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tong Chu
- Department of prevention and health care, Changjiang Road community health service center, Shanghai, 200431, China
| | - Meina Ge
- Department of the Gloden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of the Gloden Chamber, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China.
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16
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da Silva Lima D, da Silva Gomes L, de Sousa Figueredo E, E Silva YIF, Silva EM, de Souza Bovi T, Taboga SR, Marques MR, Biancardi MF, Dos Santos FCA. Subacute exposure to aluminum chloride causes prolonged morphological insults in the ventral male prostate and in the female prostate of adult gerbils. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:299-309. [PMID: 34726835 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a widespread metal in the environment, and is found in fresh or processed foods, household utensils, packaging, and medicines. In addition to its high toxicity, Al can also have estrogenic agonistic effects on target organs. Considering that the Al effects on the prostate are little known, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) subacute exposure on the morphophysiology of the male ventral prostate and the female prostate of adult gerbils. Furthermore, the glandular restoration capacity in face of the Al insults was evaluated in gerbils that were submitted to 30 days of recovery. Male and female gerbils were orally exposed to AlCl3 (10 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. The animals were euthanized 1 day (Al1D) or 30 days (Al30D) after the end of treatment. Prostates were dissected out and processed for structural, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses. Male ventral prostates and female prostates of the Al1D group showed increased cell proliferation, glandular hyperplasia, increased secretory activity and greater androgen receptor immunoreactivity. In males, Al withdrawal (Al30D) allowed a partial recovery of the prostate, as the glandular secretory activity, and frequency of androgen receptor positive cells were similar to the control group. In females, the recuperation interval (Al30D) was not enough to restore the prostatic morphology, since the gland remained hyperplastic, proliferative, and with greater androgen and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity. These data alert to the importance of avoiding Al exposure, since this metal can have a harmful and prolonged action on the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo da Silva Lima
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Liana da Silva Gomes
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Esther de Sousa Figueredo
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Inocêncio Fernandes E Silva
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Mendes Silva
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thais de Souza Bovi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, State University of São Paulo - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Rúbia Marques
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Manoel Francisco Biancardi
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Alcantara Dos Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
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17
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Endocrine Disruptors and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031216. [PMID: 35163140 PMCID: PMC8835300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the human prostate gland is an overlooked issue even though the prostate is essential for male fertility. From experimental models, it is known that EDs can influence several molecular mechanisms involved in prostate homeostasis and diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common cancers in the male, whose onset and progression is characterized by the deregulation of several cellular pathways including androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The prostate gland essentiality relies on its function to produce and secrete the prostatic fluid, a component of the seminal fluid, needed to keep alive and functional sperms upon ejaculation. In physiological condition, in the prostate epithelium the more-active androgen, the 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), formed from testosterone (T) by the 5α-reductase enzyme (SRD5A), binds to AR and, upon homodimerization and nuclear translocation, recognizes the promoter of target genes modulating them. In pathological conditions, AR mutations and/or less specific AR binding by ligands modulate differently targeted genes leading to an altered regulation of cell proliferation and triggering PCa onset and development. EDs acting on the AR-dependent signaling within the prostate gland can contribute to the PCa onset and to exacerbating its development.
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18
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Ramhøj L, Mandrup K, Hass U, Svingen T, Axelstad M. Developmental exposure to the DE-71 mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants induce a complex pattern of endocrine disrupting effects in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12738. [PMID: 35036103 PMCID: PMC8740517 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are legacy compounds with continued widespread human exposure. Despite this, developmental toxicity studies of DE-71, a mixture of PBDEs, are scarce and its potential for endocrine disrupting effects in vivo is not well covered. To address this knowledge gap, we carried out a developmental exposure study with DE-71. Pregnant Wistar rat dams were exposed to 0, 40 or 60 mg/kg bodyweight/day from gestation day 7 to postnatal day 16, and both sexes were examined. Developmental exposure affected a range of reproductive toxicity endpoints. Effects were seen for both male and female anogenital distances (AGD), with exposed offspring of either sex displaying around 10% shorter AGD compared to controls. Both absolute and relative prostate weights were markedly reduced in exposed male offspring, with about 40% relative to controls. DE-71 reduced mammary gland outgrowth, especially in male offspring. These developmental in vivo effects suggest a complex effect pattern involving anti-androgenic, anti-estrogenic and maybe estrogenic mechanisms depending on tissues and developmental stages. Irrespective of the specific underlying mechanisms, these in vivo results corroborate that DE-71 causes endocrine disrupting effects and raises concern for the effects of PBDE-exposure on human reproductive health, including any potential long-term consequences of disrupted mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ramhøj
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karen Mandrup
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hass
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Terje Svingen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marta Axelstad
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Shen YT, Huang X, Zhang G, Jiang B, Li CJ, Wu ZS. Pan-Cancer Prognostic Role and Targeting Potential of the Estrogen-Progesterone Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636365. [PMID: 34322374 PMCID: PMC8311599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Estrogen receptors (ESRs) and progesterone receptors (PGRs) are associated with the development and progression of various tumors. The feasibility of ESRs and PGRs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for multiple cancers was evaluated via pan-cancer analysis. Methods The pan-cancer mRNA expression levels, genetic variations, and prognostic values of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR were analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) and cBioPortal. The expression levels of ERa, ERb, and PGR proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining using paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) and uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma (UTEA). Correlation between immunomodulators and immune cells was determined based on the Tumor and Immune System Interaction Database (TISIDB). Results ESR1, ESR2, and PGR mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in different cancer types, and were associated with tumor progression and clinical prognosis. ERa, ERb, and PGR proteins were further determined to be significantly differentially expressed in OV and UTEA via immunohistochemical staining. The expression of ERa protein was positively correlated with a high tumor stage, whereas the expression of PGR protein was conversely associated with a high tumor stage in patients with OV. In patients with UTEA, the expression levels of both ERa and PGR proteins were conversely associated with tumor grade and stage. In addition, the expression levels of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR mRNAs were significantly associated with the expression of immunomodulators and immune cells. Conclusion ESR1, ESR2, and PGR are potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, as well as important factors for the prediction, evaluation, and individualized treatment in several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Shen
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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20
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Colaço B, Parada B, Oliveira PA. An overview of the latest in state-of-the-art murine models for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1349-1364. [PMID: 34224283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1943354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex, heterogenous and multifocal disease, which is debilitating for patients and often fatal - due to bone metastasis and castration-resistant cancer. The use of murine models that mimic human disease has been crucial in the development of innovative therapies and for better understanding the mechanisms associated with initiation and progression of PCa. AREAS COVERED This review presents a critical analysis of murine models for the study of PCa, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and applications. EXPERT OPINION In animal models, disease may not occur exactly as it does in humans, and sometimes the levels of efficacy that certain treatments obtain in animal models cannot be translated into clinical practice. To choose the most appropriate animal model for each research work, it is crucial to understand the anatomical and physiological differences between the mouse and the human prostate, while it is also important to identify biological similarities and differences between murine and human prostate tumors. Although significant progress has already been made, thanks to many years of research and study, the number of new challenges and obstacles to overcome mean there is a long and difficult road still to travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (Icbr), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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21
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Bornman MS, Aneck-Hahn NH. EDCs and male urogenital cancers. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:521-553. [PMID: 34452696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Male sex determination and sexual differentiation occur between 6-12 weeks of gestation. During the "male programming window" the fetal testes start to produce testosterone that initiates the development of the male reproductive tract. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) able to mimic or disrupt steroid hormone actions may disrupt testicular development and adversely impact reproductive health at birth, during puberty and adulthood. The testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) occurs as a result inhibition of androgen action on fetal development preceding Sertoli and Leydig cell dysfunction and may result from direct or epigenetic effects. Hypospadias, cryptorchidism and poor semen quality are elements of TDS, which may be considered a risk factor for testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC). Exposure to estrogen or estrogenic EDCs results in developmental estrogenization/estrogen imprinting in the rodent for prostate cancer (PCa). This can disrupt prostate histology by disorganization of the epithelium, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, in particular high-grade PIN (HGPIN) lesions which are precursors of prostatic adenocarcinoma. These defects persist throughout the lifespan of the animal and later in life estrogen exposure predispose development of cancer. Exposure of pregnant dams to vinclozolin, a competitive anti-androgen, and results in prominent, focal regions of inflammation in all exposed animals. The inflammation closely resembles human nonbacterial prostatitis that occurs in young men and evidence indicates that inflammation plays a central role in the development of PCa. In conclusion, in utero exposure to endocrine disrupters may predispose to the development of TDS, testicular cancer (TCa) and PCa and are illustrations of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Bornman
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - N H Aneck-Hahn
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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22
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Zanatelli M, Colleta SJ, Guerra LHA, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Prolactin promotes a partial recovery from the atrophy of both male and female gerbil prostates caused by castration. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:94. [PMID: 34158080 PMCID: PMC8218528 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The male and female prostates are controlled by steroid hormones, suffering important morphological and physiological changes after castration. Prolactin is involved in the regulation of the male prostate, having already been identified in the tissue, acting through its receptor PRLR. In the Mongolian gerbil, in addition to the male prostate, the female prostate is also well developed and active in its secretion processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to exogenous prolactin in the prostate of both intact and castrated male and female gerbils in order to establish if prolactin administration can sustain prostate cell activity in conditions of sexual hormone deprivation. METHODS The morphological analyses were performed by biometric analysis, lesion histological analysis and morphometric-stereological aspects. In addition, immune-cytochemical tests were performed for prolactin and its receptor, as well as for the receptors of androgen and oestrogen and serum prolactin dosage. All data were submitted to ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparison between groups. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The results showed a strong influence of prolactin on the morphology of the prostate, with the development of important epithelial alterations, after only 3 days of administration, and an expressive epithelial cell discard process after 30 days of administration. Prolactin acts in synergy with testosterone in males and mainly with oestrogens in females, establishing different steroid hormonal receptor immunoreactivity according to sex. It was also demonstrated that prolactin can assist in the recovery from some atrophic effects caused in the gland after castration, without causing additional tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS The prolactin and its receptor are involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of male and female gerbils, and also cause distinct histological alterations after exogenous exposure for 3 and 30 days. The effects of prolactin are related to its joint action on androgens and oestrogens and it can also assist in the recovery from the atrophic effects of castration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Luiz Henrique Alves Guerra
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | | | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Patricia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, SP, Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University - UNESP/IBILCE, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, SP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brasil.
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In Vitro and Vivo Identification, Metabolism and Action of Xenoestrogens: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084013. [PMID: 33924608 PMCID: PMC8070283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens (XEs) are substances that imitate endogenous estrogens to affect the physiologic functions of humans or other animals. As endocrine disruptors, they can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds derived from diet, pesticides, cosmetics, plastics, plants, industrial byproducts, metals, and medications. By mimicking the chemical structure that is naturally occurring estrogen compounds, synthetic XEs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenol A (BPA), and diethylstilbestrol (DES), are considered the focus of a group of exogenous chemical. On the other hand, nature phytoestrogens in soybeans can also serve as XEs to exert estrogenic activities. In contrast, some XEs are not similar to estrogens in structure and can affect the physiologic functions in ways other than ER-ERE ligand routes. Studies have confirmed that even the weakly active compounds could interfere with the hormonal balance with persistency or high concentrations of XEs, thus possibly being associated with the occurrence of the reproductive tract or neuroendocrine disorders and congenital malformations. However, XEs are most likely to exert tissue-specific and non-genomic actions when estrogen concentrations are relatively low. Current research has reported that there is not only one factor affected by XEs, but opposite directions are also found on several occasions, or even different components stem from the identical endocrine pathway; thus, it is more challenging and unpredictable of the physical health. This review provides a summary of the identification, detection, metabolism, and action of XEs. However, many details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and warrant further investigation.
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Pellerin E, Caneparo C, Chabaud S, Bolduc S, Pelletier M. Endocrine-disrupting effects of bisphenols on urological cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110485. [PMID: 33212129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols are endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in a broad range of products that can modulate hormonal signalling pathways and various other biological functions. These compounds can bind steroid receptors, e.g. estrogen and androgen receptors, expressed by numerous cells and tissues, including the prostate and the bladder, with the potential to alter their homeostasis and normal physiological functions. In the past years, exposure to bisphenols was linked to cancer progression and metastasis. As such, recent pieces of evidence suggest that endocrine-disrupting chemicals can lead to the development of prostate cancer. Moreover, bisphenols are found in the urine of the wide majority of the population. They could potentially affect the bladder's normal physiology and cancer development, even if the bladder is not recognized as a hormone-sensitive tissue. This review will focus on prostate and bladder malignancies, two urological cancers that share standard carcinogenic processes. The description of the underlying mechanisms involved in cell toxicity, and the possible roles of bisphenols in the development of prostate and bladder cancer, could help establish the putative roles of bisphenols on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Intersectorial Centre for Endocrine Disruptors Analysis, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Christophe Caneparo
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Intersectorial Centre for Endocrine Disruptors Analysis, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec, Canada; Infectious and Immune Disease Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, Canada; Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada; ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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25
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Hess RA, Sharpe RM, Hinton BT. Estrogens and development of the rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis and vas deferens. Differentiation 2021; 118:41-71. [PMID: 33441255 PMCID: PMC8026493 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen has always been considered the female hormone and testosterone the male hormone. However, estrogen's presence in the testis and deleterious effects of estrogen treatment during development have been known for nearly 90 years, long before estrogen receptors (ESRs) were discovered. Eventually it was learned that testes actually synthesize high levels of estradiol (E2) and sequester high concentrations in the reproductive tract lumen, which seems contradictory to the overwhelming number of studies showing reproductive pathology following exogenous estrogen exposures. For too long, the developmental pathology of estrogen has dominated our thinking, even resulting in the "estrogen hypothesis" as related to the testicular dysgenesis syndrome. However, these early studies and the development of an Esr1 knockout mouse led to a deluge of research into estrogen's potential role in and disruption of development and function of the male reproductive system. What is new is that estrogen action in the male cannot be divorced from that of androgen. This paper presents what is known about components of the estrogen pathway, including its synthesis and target receptors, and the need to achieve a balance between androgen- and estrogen-action in male reproductive tract differentiation and adult functions. The review focuses on what is known regarding development of the male reproductive tract, from the rete testis to the vas deferens, and examines the expression of estrogen receptors and presence of aromatase in the male reproductive system, traces the evidence provided by estrogen-associated knockout and transgenic animal models and discusses the effects of fetal and postnatal exposures to estrogens. Hopefully, there will be enough here to stimulate discussions and new investigations of the androgen:estrogen balance that seems to be essential for development of the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61802 USA and Epivara, Inc., Research Park, 60 Hazelwood Dr., Suite 230G, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA.
| | - Richard M Sharpe
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Mizoguchi S, Mori K, Shin T, Wang Z, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Mimata H. Effects of dutasteride in a rat model of chemically induced prostatic inflammation-Potential role of estrogen receptor β. Prostate 2020; 80:1413-1420. [PMID: 32941694 PMCID: PMC7685523 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dutasteride administration reportedly improves lower urinary tract symptoms in patient with chronic, histologically-identified prostatic inflammation, potentially through estrogen receptor β (ERβ), activation of which has anti-inflammatory effects in the prostate tissue. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dutasteride on intraprostatic inflammatory responses and bladder activity using a rat model of chemically induced prostatic inflammation. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 weeks old were used. Prostatic inflammation was induced by 5% formalin injection into ventral lobes of the prostate and saline was injected in the control group (control, n = 5). Rats with prostatic inflammation were divided into dutasteride therapy (dutasteride, n = 5) and placebo groups (placebo, n = 5). Dutasteride was administrated at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily from 2 days before induction of prostatic inflammation whereas placebo rats received vehicle only. Twenty-eight days later, cystometry was performed in a conscious condition to measure non-voiding contractions (NVCs), intercontraction intervals (ICI) and postvoid residual volume (RV). After cystometry, the prostate was excised for analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of ERα, ERβ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The mean number of NVCs was significantly greater in placebo group than that of control group without prostatic inflammation (p < .05), and ICI were significantly decreased in placebo group compared with control group (p < .05). On the contrary, there was no significant change in NVCs or ICI between control and dutasteride groups. RV was not significantly different among three groups. Gene expression levels of ERα, IL-1β, and IL-18 was significantly increased in placebo rats compared with control rats (p < .05), but not significantly different between control and dutasteride rats. On the other hand, the mRNA expression level of ERβ was significantly decreased in placebo rats (p < .05), but not in dutasteride rats, compared with control rats. CONCLUSION Dutasteride treatment improved not only prostatic inflammation evident as increased gene expression levels in IL-1β and IL-18, but also bladder overactivity shown by increased NVCs during bladder filling. These therapeutic effects were associated with the restored expression of anti-inflammatory ERβ. Therefore, dutasteride might be effective via ERβ modulation for the treatment of prostatic inflammation in addition to its previously known, anti-androgenic effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Department of Urology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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Modulatory effect of aquaporin 5 on estrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate epithelial cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:448-455. [PMID: 33031138 PMCID: PMC7909481 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen is involved in the pathophysiological process of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role. Upregulation of aquaporin (AQP) 5, which is directly activated by estrogen, has been reported to promote EMT in multiple cells. This study aimed to examine the effects of AQP5 on estrogen-induced EMT in the prostate. Methods Normal prostate (NP) tissue samples without any histopathological changes and BPH tissue samples with pathologically confirmed hyperplasia were obtained. An EMT cell model was subsequently established by adding estradiol (E2) to RWPE-1 cells, after which AQP5 knockdown was performed. Tissue morphological and immunohistochemical features were examined using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of AQPs, estrogen receptors, and EMT-related proteins. Cell proliferation was assessed and supernatants were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentrations. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess protein expressions in RWPE-1 cells. Results BPH tissues exhibited greater EMT (TGF-β1: 1.362 ± 0.196 vs. 0.107 ± 0.067, P = 0.003; vimentin: 1.581 ± 0.508 vs. 0.221 ± 0.047, P < 0.001; E-cadherin: 0.197 ± 0.188 vs. 1.344 ± 0.088, P < 0.001), higher AQP5 (1.268 ± 0.136 vs. 0.227 ± 0.055, P < 0.001) and estrogen receptor (ER) α (1.250 ± 0.117 vs. 0.329 ± 0.134, P < 0.001) expression but lower ERβ (0.271 ± 0.184 vs. 1.564 ± 0.130, P < 0.001) expression than NP tissues. E2-stimulated cells had higher AQP5 expression (1.298 ± 0.058 vs. 1.085 ± 0.104, P = 0.049), increased cell proliferation (1.510 ± 0.089 vs.1.000 ± 0.038, P < 0.001), and EMT (TGF-β1 concentration: 0.352 ± 0.021 ng/mL vs. 0.125 ± 0.014 ng/mL, P < 0.001; vimentin: 1.641 ± 0.120 vs. 0.188 ± 0.020, P = 0.002; E-cadherin: 0.075 ± 0.030 vs. 0.843 ± 0.046, P < 0.001) than controls. E2-stimulated cells with AQP5 knockdown exhibited decreased EMT (TGF-β1 concentration: 0.223 ± 0.041 ng/mL vs. 0.352 ± 0.021 ng/mL, P = 0.016; vimentin: 0.675 ± 0.056 vs. 1.641 ± 0.120, P = 0.001; E-cadherin: 0.159 ± 0.037 vs. 0.075 ± 0.030, P = 0.040) than E2-stimulated cells with non-related small interfering RNA (siRNA). Conclusion Our findings suggest that estrogen induces BPH possibly by promoting AQP5 expression. Hence, AQP5 might be a novel target for modulating EMT in prostate epithelial cells.
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28
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Silva JAF, Calmasini F, Siqueira-Berti A, Moraes-Vieira PMM, Quintar A, Carvalho HF. Prostate immunology: A challenging puzzle. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103190. [PMID: 32853844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity defines the relationship of surfaces in contact with the environment and integrates diverse tissues such as epidermis, gum, nose, gut, uterus and prostate with the immune system. Although considered part of a system, each mucosa presents specific immune features beyond the barrier and secretory functions. Information regarding the mucosal immunology of the male reproductive tract and the prostate gland in particular is scarce. In this review, we approach the prostate as an epithelial barrier and as part of the mucosal immune system. Finally, we also raise a series of questions that will improve the understanding of this gland, its role in reproduction and its sensitivity/resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliete Aparecida F Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Calmasini
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Siqueira-Berti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M M Moraes-Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amado Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology - INFABiC, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Effects of estrogen receptor signaling on prostate cancer carcinogenesis. Transl Res 2020; 222:56-66. [PMID: 32413498 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Management of advanced prostate cancer remains complex, with substantial changes in treatment options emerging in recent years having implications for treatment selection and sequencing. Recognition of the importance of androgen signaling has led to life-prolonging treatments, as well as "liquid biopsy" techniques to guide these treatments in some settings. Therapies that target estrogen receptor signaling are efficacious but infrequently used options for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. It is possible that nuances of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, or selective modulation of ER signaling, might favorably influence outcomes in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expression of ERs and their variants has been investigated in other cancers such as breast. Constitutively activating gene alterations can potentially lead to ER activation and subsequently promote cancer progression. The identification of these aberrations may help identify cancer phenotypes that are susceptible or resistant to therapies involved in ER signaling. This review outlines the current literature regarding ER signaling in prostate cancer, and provides background for exploration of potentially useful ER signaling biomarkers in advanced prostate cancer.
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Sellitto A, D’Agostino Y, Alexandrova E, Lamberti J, Pecoraro G, Memoli D, Rocco D, Coviello E, Giurato G, Nassa G, Tarallo R, Weisz A, Rizzo F. Insights into the Role of Estrogen Receptor β in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061477. [PMID: 32516978 PMCID: PMC7353068 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play different roles in gene regulation and show both overlapping and specific tissue distribution patterns. ERβ, contrary to the oncogenic ERα, has been shown to act as an oncosuppressor in several instances. However, while the tumor-promoting actions of ERα are well-known, the exact role of ERβ in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is not yet fully understood. Indeed, to date, highly variable and even opposite effects have been ascribed to ERβ in cancer, including for example both proliferative and growth-inhibitory actions. Recently ERβ has been proposed as a potential target for cancer therapy, since it is expressed in a variety of breast cancers (BCs), including triple-negative ones (TNBCs). Because of the dependence of TNBCs on active cellular signaling, numerous studies have attempted to unravel the mechanism(s) behind ERβ-regulated gene expression programs but the scenario has not been fully revealed. We comprehensively reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning ERβ role in TNBC biology, focusing on the different signaling pathways and cellular processes regulated by this transcription factor, as they could be useful in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Ylenia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Jessica Lamberti
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenico Rocco
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Elena Coviello
- Genomix4Life, via S. Allende 43/L, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy;
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
- CRGS (Genome Research Center for Health), University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (F.R.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965043 (A.W.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965221 (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (A.S.); (Y.D.); (E.A.); (J.L.); (G.P.); (D.M.); (D.R.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (R.T.)
- CRGS (Genome Research Center for Health), University of Salerno Campus of Medicine, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (F.R.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965043 (A.W.); Tel.: (39+)-089-965221 (F.R.)
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Ito-Harashima S, Matano M, Onishi K, Nomura T, Nakajima S, Ebata S, Shiizaki K, Kawanishi M, Yagi T. Construction of reporter gene assays using CWP and PDR mutant yeasts for enhanced detection of various sex steroids. Genes Environ 2020; 42:20. [PMID: 32514322 PMCID: PMC7251871 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-00159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex steroid hormone receptors are classified into three classes of receptors: estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR). They belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and activate their downstream genes in a ligand-dependent manner. Since sex steroid hormones are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes and cancer development, synthetic chemical substances that exhibit sex steroid hormone activities have been applied as pharmaceuticals and consumed in large amounts worldwide. They are potentially hazardous contaminants as endocrine disruptors in the environment because they may induce inappropriate gene expression mediated by sex steroid hormone receptors in vivo. Results To develop simple reporter gene assays with enhanced sensitivity for the detection of sex steroid hormones, we newly established mutant yeast strains lacking the CWP and PDR genes encoding cell wall mannoproteins and plasma membrane drug efflux pumps, respectively, and expressing human ERα, ERβ, AR, and PR. Reporter gene assays with mutant yeast strains responded to endogenous and synthetic ligands more strongly than those with wild-type strains. Sex steroid hormone activities in some pharmaceutical oral tablets and human urine were also detectable in these yeast assays. Conclusions Yeast reporter gene assay systems for all six steroid hormone receptors, including previously established glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) assay yeasts, are now available. Environmental endocrine disrupters with steroid hormone activity will be qualitatively detectable by simple and easy procedures. The yeast-based reporter gene assay will be valuable as a primary screening tool to detect and evaluate steroid hormone activities in various test samples. Our assay system will strongly support the detection of agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists of steroid hormone receptors in the field of novel drug discovery and assessments of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Ito-Harashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Kana Onishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Saki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Shingo Ebata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan.,Present address: Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193 Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
| | - Takashi Yagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570 Japan
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32
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Pandey A, Jaiswar SP, Ansari NG, Deo S, Sankhwar P, Pant S, Upadhyay S. Pesticide Risk and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Females of Subhumid Region of India. Niger Med J 2020; 61:55-59. [PMID: 32675895 PMCID: PMC7357805 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_117_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the level of pesticides and their role in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Materials and Methods: This was designed as a case–control study. Gas chromatography was used to characterize the pesticide level in 70 cases and 70 controls. Case refers to women with RPL, whereas controls refer to women with full-term delivery. Results: A higher level of pesticide, namely beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and fenvalerate was found in the case group as compared to control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggests that high exposure of pesticide (organochlorine and organophosphates) may increase the risk of RPL in females of the subhumid region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akancha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam Pyari Jaiswar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nasreen Ghazi Ansari
- Metal Analysis Laboratory, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujata Deo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shriya Pant
- Department of Urology, King Georg's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharshi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Chen B, Cao D, Chen Z, Huang Y, Lin T, Ai J, Liu L, Wei Q. Estrogen regulates the proliferation and inflammatory expression of primary stromal cell in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:322-331. [PMID: 32420138 PMCID: PMC7214965 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) in prostate tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) individuals, and the effects of estrogen regulating the proliferation and inflammatory expressions of primary prostate stromal cells in BPH. Methods A total of 44 human BPH prostate tissues were collected to explore the expression of ER by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cell proliferation, mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed in primary prostate stromal cells treated with estrogen or estrogen plus fulvestrant through cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), IHC and western blot, respectively. Results Firstly, ERβ was positive, and ERα was negative in the transition zone of prostate among all the 44 individuals with BPH. Secondly, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Thirdly, estrogen up-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), CD40 ligand (CD 40L), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9) and interleukin 10 (IL10), and down-regulates the mRNA levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) and interleukin 17C (IL17C). Then, the protein expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD40L, IL10 and IL17C are positive, and CXCL9 is negative in the third-generation primary prostate stromal cells. Finally, the effects could be partially inhibited by fulvestrant, of estrogen up-regulating the protein levels of CD40L and IL10. Conclusions The expressions of ER in human BPH prostate tissues are zone-dependent. Estrogen promoting the proliferation of primary prostate stromal cells cultured in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS. The expressions of CCR3, CCR4, CD 40L, IL17C, CXCL9 and IL10 are regulated by estrogen in primary prostate stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dehong Cao
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liangren Liu
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Institution of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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34
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Mohajeri M, Bianconi V, Ávila-Rodriguez MF, Barreto GE, Jamialahmadi T, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: a phytochemical modulator of estrogens and androgens in tumors of the reproductive system. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104765. [PMID: 32217147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is an active derivative extracted from turmeric which exerts a wide range of interactions with biomolecules through complex signaling pathways. Cur has been extensively shown to possess potential antitumor properties. In addition, there is growing body of evidence suggesting that Cur may exert potential anti-estrogen and anti-androgen activity. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that anticancer properties of Cur against tumors affecting the reproductive system in females and males may be underlied by the Cur-mediated inhibition of androgen and estrogen signaling pathways. In this review we examine various studies assessing the crosstalk between Cur and both androgen and estrogen hormonal activity. Also, we discuss the potential chemopreventive and antitumor role of Cur in the most prevalent cancers affecting the reproductive system in females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Thomas S, Hao L, DeLaney K, McLean D, Steinke L, Marker PC, Vezina CM, Li L, Ricke WA. Spatiotemporal Proteomics Reveals the Molecular Consequences of Hormone Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1375-1382. [PMID: 32108482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related lower urinary tract symptoms remain common, costly, and impactful issues for aging males. The etiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial and include steroid hormone changes and inflammation. Noninvasive markers could one day inform personalized medicine, but interindividual variation and lack of healthy age-matched controls hamper research. Experimental models are appealing for insight into disease mechanisms. Here, we present a spatiotemporal proteomics study in a mouse model of hormone-induced urinary dysfunction. Urine samples were collected noninvasively across time: before, during, and after disease onset. A microcomputed tomography analysis implicated the prostate as a spatially relevant contributor to bladder outlet obstruction. Prostates were collected after disease onset and compared with control mice. Notable changes in urine include proteins representing oxidative stress defense and acute phase inflammatory response processes. In the prostate, hormone treatment led to perturbations related to an oxidative stress response and H2O2 metabolism. Several protein changes coincided in both urine and the prostate tissue, including glutathione peroxidase 3, glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme, and vitamin D-binding protein. This study supports the concept of noninvasive urinary biomarkers for prostate disease diagnostics. Oxidative stress and acute phase inflammatory processes were identified as key consequences of hormone-induced bladder outlet obstruction. Future research into antioxidants and anti-inflammatories in prostate diseases appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dalton McLean
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Laura Steinke
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - William A Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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36
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Xu D, Wu Y, Shen H, Qian S, Qi J. High serum concentration of estradiol may be a risk factor of prostate enlargement in aging male in China. Aging Male 2020; 23:1-6. [PMID: 29912660 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1481027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Assess the association between serum sex hormone level and prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Material and methods: The study involved 239 BPH patients from January 2013 to June 2015 in our hospital. Each patient collected age, medical history, height, weight, body mass index, as well as a full examination of sex hormones, and transrectal ultrasound results.Results: Estradiol (E2) was significantly associated with prostate volume (r = 0.151, p = .02) and transitional zone volume (r = 0.136, p = .035). The association was more significant after adjusting age and BMI (r = 0.253 and 0.250, p <.001). Patients were divided into two groups according to prostate volume and E2, respectively. E2 in patients with prostate volume ≤50 ml was significantly lower than those with prostate volume >50 ml. Prostate volume, transitional zone volume and age were all significantly higher in the patients with E2 ≥ 160 umol/l than those in the patients with E2 < 160 umol/l. Through logistics regression, E2 (p = .012, OR = 1.004) are the only independent risk factor for prostate volume.Conclusions: E2 is significantly associated with prostate volume. High concentrations of E2 may be a risk factor for the large volume of prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Urology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Subo Qian
- Department of Urology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Urology, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ventral prostate and mammary gland phenotype in mice with complete deletion of the ERβ gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4902-4909. [PMID: 32075916 PMCID: PMC7060692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920478117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disagreements about the phenotype of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) knockout mouse, created by removing the DNA-binding domain of the ERβ gene or interruption of the gene with a neocassette (Oliver Smithies ERβ knockout mice [ERβOS-/-]), prompted us to create an ERβ knockout mouse by deleting the ERβ gene with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We confirmed that the ERβ gene was eliminated from the mouse genome and that no ERβ mRNA or protein was detectable in tissues of this mouse. Overall the phenotype of the ventral prostate (VP) and mammary gland (MG) in ERβcrispr-/- mice was similar to, but more severe than, that in the ERβOS-/-mice. In the VP of 6-mo-old ERβcrispr-/- mice there was epithelial hyperplasia, fibroplasia, inflammation, stromal overgrowth, and intraductal cancer-like lesions. This was accompanied by an increase in Ki67 and P63 and loss in DACH1 and PURα, two androgen receptor (AR) repressors. In the MG there was overexpression of estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptor, loss of collagen, increase in proliferation and expression of metalloproteases, and invasive epithelium. Surprisingly, by 18 mo of age, the number of hyperplastic foci was reduced, the ducts of the VP and MG became atrophic, and, in the VP, there was massive immune infiltration and massive desquamation of the luminal epithelial cells. These changes were coincident with reduced levels of androgens in males and estrogens in females. We conclude that ERβ is a tumor suppressor gene in the VP and MG where its loss increases the activity AR and ERα, respectively.
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Lombardi APG, Vicente CM, Porto CS. Estrogen Receptors Promote Migration, Invasion and Colony Formation of the Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells PC-3 Through β-Catenin Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:184. [PMID: 32328032 PMCID: PMC7160699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is initially dependent on the androgen, gradually evolves into an androgen-independent form of the disease, also known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). At this stage, current therapies scantily improve survival of the patient. Androgens and estrogens are involved in normal prostate and prostate cancer development. The mechanisms by which estrogens/estrogen receptors (ERs) induce prostate cancer and promote prostate cancer progression have not yet been fully identified. Our laboratory has shown that androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3 express both ERα and ERβ. The activation of ERβ increases the expression of β-catenin and proliferation of PC-3 cells. We now report that the activation of ERβ promotes the increase of migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the activation of ERα also plays a role in invasion and anchorage-independent growth of PC-3 cells. These effects are blocked by pretreatment with PKF 118-310, compound that disrupts the complex β-catenin/TCF/LEF, suggesting that ERs/β-catenin are involved in all cellular characteristics of tumor development in vitro. Furthermore, PKF 118-310 also inhibited the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) induced by activation of ERs. VEGF also is involved on invasion of PC-3 cells. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the signatures and molecular mechanisms of ERβ in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells PC-3. ERα also plays a role on invasion and colony formation of PC-3 cells.
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Majumdar S, Rinaldi JC, Malhotra NR, Xie L, Hu DP, Gauntner TD, Grewal HS, Hu WY, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kasper S, Prins GS. Differential Actions of Estrogen Receptor α and β via Nongenomic Signaling in Human Prostate Stem and Progenitor Cells. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2692-2708. [PMID: 31433456 PMCID: PMC6804489 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate stem and progenitor cells express estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ and exhibit proliferative responses to estrogens. In this study, membrane-initiated estrogen signaling was interrogated in human prostate stem/progenitor cells enriched from primary epithelial cultures and stem-like cell lines from benign and cancerous prostates. Subcellular fractionation and proximity ligation assays localized ERα and ERβ to the cell membrane with caveolin-1 interactions. Exposure to 17β-estradiol (E2) for 15 to 60 minutes led to sequential phosphorylation of signaling molecules in MAPK and AKT pathways, IGF1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERα, thus documenting an intact membrane signalosome that activates diverse downstream cascades. Treatment with an E2-dendrimer conjugate or ICI 182,870 validated E2-mediated actions through membrane ERs. Overexpression and knockdown of ERα or ERβ in stem/progenitor cells identified pathway selectivity; ERα preferentially activated AKT, whereas ERβ selectively activated MAPK cascades. Furthermore, prostate cancer stem-like cells expressed only ERβ, and brief E2 exposure activated MAPK but not AKT cascades. A gene subset selectively regulated by nongenomic E2 signaling was identified in normal prostate progenitor cells that includes BGN, FOSB, FOXQ1, and MAF. Membrane-initiated E2 signaling rapidly modified histone methyltransferases, with MLL1 cleavage observed downstream of phosphorylated AKT and EZH2 phosphorylation downstream of MAPK signaling, which may jointly modify histones to permit rapid gene transcription. Taken together, the present findings document ERα and ERβ membrane-initiated signaling in normal and cancerous human prostate stem/progenitor cells with differential engagement of downstream effectors. These signaling pathways influence normal prostate stem/progenitor cell homeostasis and provide novel therapeutic sites to target the elusive prostate cancer stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Majumdar
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Neha R Malhotra
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan-Ping Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Timothy D Gauntner
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harinder S Grewal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Susan Kasper
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
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40
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Meng J, Liu Y, Guan SY, Ma H, Zhang X, Fan S, Hu H, Zhang M, Liang C. Age, height, BMI and FBG predict prostate volume in ageing benign prostatic hyperplasia: Evidence from 5285 patients. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73:e13438. [PMID: 31633263 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Several studies have reported a potential association between prostate volume (PV) and prostate disease. Here, we classified the risk factors for PV among benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. METHODS In all, 4293 BPH patients with available clinical information were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI) was obtained as weight divided by height squared. PV was calculated as length × width × height (cm) × π/6. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine the differences between PV subgroups. Univariate and multiple linear regression tests were performed to uncover the connection between clinical features and PV. The differences in the age, BMI, height and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the subgroups were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis tests and adjusted with Bonferroni post hoc correction. A nomogram was created to directly illustrate the mutual interaction of amalgamator parameters. RESULTS PV did not influence the incidence of kidney stones (P = .815), whereas prostate calculi were positively associated with an enlarged prostate (>30 mL) (P < .001). Age (adjusted R = 0.363, P < .001), height (adjusted R = 0.088, P < .001), BMI (adjusted R = 0.039, P = .013) and FBG (adjusted R = -0.034, P = .027) were the independent risk/protective factors related to enlarged PV among BPH patients. The nomogram illustrated the predictive risk of an enlarged prostate (>30 mL) in men. The area under the ROC curve value was 0.659 in the training cohort and 0.677 in an internal validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Age, height and BMI were positive independent risk factors of enlarged PV in BPH patients, and FBG had a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-Yang Guan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiya Ma
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqing Hu
- Department of Health Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Renaud L, Huff M, da Silveira WA, Angert M, Haas M, Hardiman G. Genome-Wide Analysis of Low Dose Bisphenol-A (BPA) Exposure in Human Prostate Cells. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:260-274. [PMID: 32030086 PMCID: PMC6983955 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190603123040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have the potential to cause adverse effects on wild-life and human health. Two important EDCs are the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol-A (BPA) both of which are xenoestrogens (XEs) as they bind the estrogen receptor and dis-rupt estrogen physiology in mammals and other vertebrates. In the recent years the influence of XEs on oncogenes, specifically in relation to breast and prostate cancer has been the subject of considerable study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Renaud
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Huff
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
| | - Willian A da Silveira
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
| | - Mila Angert
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
| | - Martin Haas
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- 1Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 2MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 3MS in Biomedical Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 4School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, UK; 5Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA; 7Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, USA
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Forte M, Di Lorenzo M, Iachetta G, Mita DG, Laforgia V, De Falco M. Nonylphenol acts on prostate adenocarcinoma cells via estrogen molecular pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:412-419. [PMID: 31108418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens play a role in the patho-physiology of the prostate. In the present work we studied the effects of nonylphenol (NP), a xenoestrogen, on human adenocarcinoma prostate cells (LNCaP). In order to understand molecular and cellular involvement, we observed the effects on cell cycle and we investigated the expression and the cellular localization of estrogen receptors and gene expression of cyclin D1, ki-67, c-myc, IL-8, IL-1β. We performed the same experiments with 17β-estradiol (E2), the most abundant estrogen circulating in nonpregnant humans in order to compare these two different substances. We demonstrated the ability of 1 × 10-10 M NP to induce proliferation of LNCaP, S-phase progression, increase of ERα expression and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, we observed an up-regulation of key target genes involved in cell cycle and inflammation process. Particularly, after NP treatment, IL-8 and IL-1β mRNA levels are increased more than 50% indicating a major NP involvement in inflammation processes than E2. These data suggest the proliferative effects of NP on prostate adenocarcinoma cells and highlight some aspects of molecular pathways involved in prostate responses to NP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy.
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Estrogen Receptors in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101418. [PMID: 31548498 PMCID: PMC6826537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) remains a widespread malignancy in men. Since the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) axis is associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, suppression of AR-dependent signaling by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) still represents the primary intervention for this disease. Despite the initial response, prostate cancer frequently develops resistance to ADT and progresses. As such, the disease becomes metastatic and few therapeutic options are available at this stage. Although the majority of studies are focused on the role of AR signaling, compelling evidence has shown that estrogens and their receptors control prostate cancer initiation and progression through a still debated mechanism. Epithelial versus mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in metastatic spread as well as drug-resistance of human cancers, and many studies on the role of this process in prostate cancer progression have been reported. We discuss here the findings on the role of estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) axis in epithelial versus mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells. The pending questions concerning this issue are presented, together with the impact of the available data in clinical management of prostate cancer patients.
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Gadkar S, Nair S, Patil S, Kalamani S, Bandivdekar A, Patel V, Chaudhari U, Sachdeva G. Membrane-initiated estrogen signaling in prostate cancer: A route to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:2077-2090. [PMID: 31411358 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is considered as a major druggable site. More than 50% of the existing drugs target PM proteins. In the wake of emerging data indicating a key role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis, the study was undertaken to explore whether the estrogen binding sites exist on the PM and if such sites are functionally relevant in PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the PM was detected in androgen-dependent (LNCaP), androgen-independent (PC3, DU145) PCa cell lines, nontumorigenic (RWPE1) prostate epithelial cell line, and rat prostate cells. Conventional estrogen receptors (nuclear estrogen receptors), known for their nuclear localization, were detected in the PM enriched extracts. This was indirectly confirmed by reduced localization of ERs on the PM of cells, silenced for the expression of their cognate genes. Further, unlike cell-permeable E2, stimulation with cell-impermeable estradiol (E2-BSA) did not induce proliferation in LNCaP cells. However, stimulation with E2-BSA led to alterations in the phosphorylation status of several kinases including GSK3 and AKT, along with the hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins such as β-actin and cytokeratin 8 in LNCaP. This was accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) features such as increased migration and invasion; higher vimentin expression, and a concomitant decrease in the E-cadherin expression. These effects were not observed in RWPE1 cells. Interestingly, cell-permeable E2 failed to induce EMT in PCa cells. This in vitro study is the first to suggest that the PM-initiated estrogen signaling contributes to higher invasiveness in PCa cells. Plasma membrane ERs may act as novel targets for PCa therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Gadkar
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Shardool Nair
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Smita Patil
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpa Kalamani
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Atmaram Bandivdekar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Biochemistry Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Primate Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
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45
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Hess RA, Cooke PS. Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:27-44. [PMID: 29438493 PMCID: PMC6044326 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have traditionally been considered female hormones. Nevertheless, the presence of estrogen in males has been known for over 90 years. Initial studies suggested that estrogen was deleterious to male reproduction because exogenous treatments induced developmental abnormalities. However, demonstrations of estrogen synthesis in the testis and high concentrations of 17β-estradiol in rete testis fluid suggested that the female hormone might have a function in normal male reproduction. Identification of estrogen receptors and development of biological radioisotope methods to assess estradiol binding revealed that the male reproductive tract expresses estrogen receptor extensively from the neonatal period to adulthood. This indicated a role for estrogens in normal development, especially in efferent ductules, whose epithelium is the first in the male reproductive tract to express estrogen receptor during development and a site of exceedingly high expression. In the 1990s, a paradigm shift occurred in our understanding of estrogen function in the male, ushered in by knockout mouse models where estrogen production or expression of its receptors was not present. These knockout animals revealed that estrogen's main receptor (estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1]) is essential for male fertility and development of efferent ductules, epididymis, and prostate, and that loss of only the membrane fraction of ESR1 was sufficient to induce extensive male reproductive abnormalities and infertility. This review provides perspectives on the major discoveries and developments that led to our current knowledge of estrogen's importance in the male reproductive tract and shaped our evolving concept of estrogen's physiological role in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Farmer T, Johnston M, Milica A, Hindley R, Emara A. Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: a Literature Review of NIH III Prostatitis. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-019-00508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Wong SK, Mohamad NV, Giaze TR, Chin KY, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S. Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases: The Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2587. [PMID: 31137764 PMCID: PMC6567184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer often develop bone metastases, leading to bone pain, skeletal fracture, and increased mortality. Bone provides a hospitable microenvironment to tumor cells. The disease manifestation is driven by the interaction between invading tumor cells, bone-forming osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The increased level of osteoclast-activating factor (parathyroid hormone-related peptide, PTHrP) is believed to induce bone resorption by upregulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the release of various growth factors into the bone microenvironment to enhance cancer cell growth. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review outlines the possible molecular mechanisms involved in governing bone metastases driven by prostate cancer, which further provide the basis in searching for new molecular targets for the development of potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Nur-Vaizura Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Tijjani Rabiu Giaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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48
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Sehgal PD, Bauman TM, Nicholson TM, Vellky JE, Ricke EA, Tang W, Xu W, Huang W, Ricke WA. Tissue-specific quantification and localization of androgen and estrogen receptors in prostate cancer. Hum Pathol 2019; 89:99-108. [PMID: 31054895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens, working together, promote prostate cancer (PRCA) initiation and progression, with androgens acting via androgen receptor (AR) and estrogens acting primarily through estrogen receptor α (ERα). While the interplay between these steroid hormones has been established, the interaction between steroid hormone receptors in prostatic disease remains unstudied. The goal of this study was to objectively determine the incidence, stage specificity, and tissue/cell type specificity of AR and ERα expression, both independently and simultaneously, during the progression of PRCA. Using multiplexed immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging analysis, AR, ERα, and smooth muscle α-actin expression was detected and quantitated in benign prostate tissue (BPT), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), PRCA, and metastasis (MET) from patient specimens (n=340). Epithelial AR expression was significantly increased in HGPIN, PRCA, and MET compared with BPT, whereas ERα expression in epithelial and stromal cells was highest in HGPIN. With analysis of AR and ERα coexpression, we identified a unique population of double-positive (AR+/ERα+) cells that increased in HGPIN specimens in both the stroma and the epithelium. Double-negative (AR-/ERα-) cells significantly decreased across PRCA progression, from 65% in BPT to 30% in MET. Preliminary analysis of this AR+/ERα+ population indicates potential cell type specificity in smooth muscle α-actin-negative stromal cells. This study demonstrates stage-, tissue-, and cell type-specific AR and ERα expression changes during PRCA progression, both independently and coexpressed. A more complete understanding of steroid hormones and their receptors in the initiation and progression of prostatic disease may elucidate improved strategies for PRCA prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka D Sehgal
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tyler M Bauman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tristan M Nicholson
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Jordan E Vellky
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Chang WH, Tsai YS, Wang JY, Chen HL, Yang WH, Lee CC. Sex hormones and oxidative stress mediated phthalate-induced effects in prostatic enlargement. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:184-192. [PMID: 30798199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic enlargement might affect up to 30% of men and can cause signs and symptoms in the lower urinary tract in the elderly. Imbalanced estrogen and androgen secretions are important in prostatic physiopathology. Phthalates-environmental endocrine disruptors-affect androgen secretion and disrupt sexual organs, including testes and the prostate, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Using European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines, we recruited from urology clinics in southern Taiwan 207 elderly men diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic enlargement between 2015 and 2017. We took blood and urine samples from all patients on the same day. We used multivariate linear regression, associations, and potential interactions after we had measured and analyzed oxidative stress (OS) markers, steroidal hormones, and 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, and then we adjusted for confounders. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite levels, particularly urinary mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, were positively associated with androgen, estrogen, hormone ratios, inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate volume (PV) (p < 0.05). PV and PSA were positively associated with androgen, estrogen, hormone ratios and OS markers (p < 0.05). The estimated percentages of exposure to phthalates in prostatic enlargement mediated by androgen, estrogen, and OS markers ranged from 3.5% to 63.1%. Exposure to DEHP promoted the progress of BPH by increasing dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), the converted enzymes aromatase and 5α reductase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (8-OHdG and iNOS) production. Sex hormones and OS might be important hyperplasia-promoters after a patient has been exposed to phthalates, especially to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Horng Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substance, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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50
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Zhang J, Ye ZW, Townsend DM, Hughes-Halbert C, Tew KD. Racial disparities, cancer and response to oxidative stress. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:343-383. [PMID: 31349903 PMCID: PMC7104807 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
At the intersection of genetics, biochemistry and behavioral sciences, there is a largely untapped opportunity to consider how ethnic and racial disparities contribute to individual sensitivity to reactive oxygen species and how these might influence susceptibility to various cancers and/or response to classical cancer treatment regimens that pervasively result in the formation of such chemical species. This chapter begins to explore these connections and builds a platform from which to consider how the disciplines can be strengthened further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chanita Hughes-Halbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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