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Farazi M, Houghton MJ, Nicolotti L, Murray M, Cardoso BR, Williamson G. Inhibition of human starch digesting enzymes and intestinal glucose transport by walnut polyphenols. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114572. [PMID: 38876610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
One approach to controlling type 2 diabetes (T2D) is to lower postprandialglucose spikesby slowing down the digestion of carbohydrates and the absorption of glucose in the small intestine. The consumption of walnuts is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as T2D, suggested to be partly due to the high content of (poly)phenols. This study evaluated, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of a (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract on human carbohydrate digesting enzymes (salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, brush border sucrase-isomaltase) and on glucose transport across fully differentiated human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. The walnut extract was rich in multiple (poly)phenols (70 % w/w) as analysed by Folin-Ciocalteau and by LCMS. It exhibited potent inhibition of both human salivary (IC50: 32.2 ± 2.5 µg walnut (poly)phenols (WP)/mL) and pancreatic (IC50: 56.7 ± 1.7 µg WP/mL) α-amylases, with weaker effects on human sucrase (IC50: 990 ± 20 µg WP/mL), maltase (IC50: 1300 ± 80 µg WP/mL), and isomaltase (IC25: 830 ± 60 µg WP/mL) activities. Selected individual walnut (poly)phenols inhibited human salivary α-amylase in the order: 1,3,4,6-tetragalloylglucose > ellagic acid pentoside > 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, with no inhibition by ellagic acid, gallic acid and 4-O-methylgallic acid. The (poly)phenol-rich walnut extract also attenuated (up to 59 %) the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-glucose across differentiated Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers. This is the first report on the effect of (poly)phenol-rich extracts from any commonly-consumed nut kernel on any human starch-digesting enzyme, and suggests a mechanism through which walnut consumption may lower postprandial glucose spikes and contribute to their proposed health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Farazi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Luca Nicolotti
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, BASE Facility, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Level 2, Victorian Heart Hospital, 631 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia.
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Bhattacharyya S, Borthakur A, Tobacman JK. Common food additive carrageenan inhibits proglucagon expression and GLP-1 secretion by human enteroendocrine L-cells. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:28. [PMID: 38755184 PMCID: PMC11099076 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Proglucagon mRNA expression and GLP-1 secretion by cultured human L-cells (NCI-H716) were inhibited following exposure to λ-carrageenan, a commonly used additive in processed foods. Carrageenan is composed of sulfated or unsulfated galactose residues linked in alternating alpha-1,3 and beta-1,4 bonds and resembles the endogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans. However, carrageenan has unusual alpha-1,3-galactosidic bonds, which are not innate to human cells and are implicated in immune responses. Exposure to carrageenan predictably causes inflammation, and carrageenan impairs glucose tolerance and contributes to insulin resistance. When cultured human L-cells were deprived overnight of glucose and serum and then exposed to high glucose, 10% FBS, and λ-carrageenan (1 µg/ml) for 10 minutes, 1 h, and 24 h, mRNA expression of proglucagon and secretion of GLP-1 were significantly reduced, compared to control cells not exposed to carrageenan. mRNA expression of proglucagon by mouse L-cells (STC-1) was also significantly reduced and supports the findings in the human cells. Exposure of co-cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (LS174T) to the spent media of the carrageenan-treated L-cells led to a decline in mRNA expression of GLUT-2 at 24 h. These findings suggest that ingestion of carrageenan-containing processed foods may impair the production of GLP-1, counteract the effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists and induce secondary effects on intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Research, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alip Borthakur
- Department of Clinical & Translational Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Research, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Preinfalk V, Kimmeswenger I, Somoza V, Lieder B. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) mediates fatty acid uptake inhibition by glucose via TAS1R3 and GLUT-2 in Caco-2 enterocytes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30329. [PMID: 38707340 PMCID: PMC11066672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Both high glucose intake with a high-fat meal and inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) have been associated with plasma lipid-lowering effects, but mechanistic understanding linking glucose and fat absorption is lacking. We here hypothesized that glucose ameliorates intestinal fatty acid uptake via a pathway involving DPP4. A concentration of 50 mM glucose reduced mean DPP4 activity in differentiated Caco-2 enterocytes by 42.5 % and fatty acid uptake by 66.0 % via nutrient sensing by the sweet taste receptor subunit TAS1R3 and glucose transporter GLUT-2. No effect of the DPP4 substrates GLP-1 and GIP or of the cellular energy status on the reduced uptake of fatty acids was seen, but a direct interaction between DPP4 and fatty acid transporters is suggested. Conclusively we identified DPP4 as a regulator of fatty acid absorption in Caco-2 enterocytes that mediates the inhibition of intestinal fatty acid uptake by glucose via an interplay of GLUT-2 and TAS1R3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Preinfalk
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Kimmeswenger
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Taste Research, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Sutrapu S, Pal RS, Khurana N, Vancha H, Mohd S, Chinnala KM, Kumar B, Pilli G. Diabetes Warriors from Heart Wood: Unveiling Dalbergin and Isoliquiritigenin from Dalbergia latifolia as Potential Antidiabetic Agents in-vitro and in-vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01285-x. [PMID: 38740667 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious and complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. In recent years natural products has gained much more interest by researchers as alternative sources for diabetes treatment. Though many potential agents are identified so far but their clinical utility is limited because of their adverse effects. Therefore, there is a keen interest in discovering natural compounds to treat diabetes efficiently with less side effects. Dalbergia latifolia is well explored because of its diverse pharmacological activities including diabetes. Therefore, the present research work aimed to identify and isolate the potential antidiabetic agents from the heart wood of Dalbergia latifolia. We successfully extracted DGN and ISG from the heartwood and evaluated their antidiabetic potential both in-vivo and in-vitro. Alpha amylase activity inhibition of ISG and DGN was found to be 99.05 ± 8.54% (IC50 = 0.6025 µg/mL) and 84.68 ± 5.2% (IC50 = 0.0216 µg/mL) respectively. Glucose uptake assay revealed DGN (158%) promoted maximum uptake than ISG (77%) over control. In vivo anti diabetic activity was evaluated by inducing diabetes in SD rats with the help of HFD and STZ (35 mg/kg body weight). After the continuous administration of DGN (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) and ISG (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) for 14 days, we observed the reduction in the blood glucose levels, body weight, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, blood urea, serum creatinine, serum glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels than vehicle group indicates the potency of ISG and DGN against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Sutrapu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Harish Vancha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Sharfuddin Mohd
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Chinnala
- School of Pharmacy, Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society's Group of Institutions, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Govindaiah Pilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Goli AS, Sato VH, Sato H, Chewchinda S, Leanpolchareanchai J, Nontakham J, Yahuafai J, Thilavech T, Meesawatsom P, Maitree M. Antihyperglycemic effects of Lysiphyllum strychnifolium leaf extract in vitro and in vivo. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:189-200. [PMID: 36625086 PMCID: PMC9848344 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2160771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz (LS) (Fabaceae) has traditionally been used to treat diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrates the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of LS leaves in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of aqueous LS leaf extract on glucose uptake, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells, α-glucosidase, and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in vitro. The antidiabetic effects were evaluated using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a 28-day consecutive administration to streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. RESULTS The extract significantly inhibited glucose uptake (IC50: 236.2 ± 36.05 µg/mL) and downregulated SGLT1 and GLUT2 mRNA expression by approximately 90% in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, it non-competitively inhibited α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner with the IC50 and Ki of 6.52 ± 0.42 and 1.32 µg/mL, respectively. The extract at 1000 mg/kg significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in both the OGTT and 28-day consecutive administration models as compared with untreated STZ-NA-induced diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Significant improvements of serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GLUT4 levels were observed. Furthermore, the extract markedly decreased oxidative stress markers by 37-53% reduction of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in muscle and malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle and pancreas, which correlated with the reduction of MDA production in vitro (IC50: 24.80 ± 7.24 µg/mL). CONCLUSION The LS extract has potent antihyperglycemic activity to be used as alternative medicine to treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Syah Goli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Vilasinee Hirunpanich Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Center of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hitoshi Sato
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Japan
| | - Savita Chewchinda
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | | | - Jannarin Nontakham
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Clinical Research Section, Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Clinical Research Section, Division of Research and Academic Support, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thavaree Thilavech
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Pongsatorn Meesawatsom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
- Center of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Metawee Maitree
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Thailand
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Subramaniam M, Loewen ME. Review: A species comparison of the kinetic homogeneous and heterogeneous organization of sodium-dependent glucose transport systems along the intestine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 285:111492. [PMID: 37536429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The targeted use of carbohydrates by feed and food industries to create balanced and cost-effective diets has generated a tremendous amount of research in carbohydrate digestion and absorption in different species. Specifically, this research has led us to a larger observation that identified different organizations of intestinal sodium-dependent glucose absorption across species, which has not been previously collated and reviewed. Thus, this review will compare the kinetic segregation of sodium-dependent glucose transport across the intestine of different species, which we have termed either homogeneous or heterogeneous systems. For instance, the pig follows a heterogeneous system of sodium-dependent glucose transport with a high-affinity, super-low-capacity (Ha/sLc) in the jejunum, and a high-affinity, super-high-capacity (Ha/sHc) in the ileum. This is achieved by multiple sodium-dependent glucose transporters contributing to each segment. In contrast, tilapia have a homogenous system characterized by high-affinity, high-capacity (Ha/Hc) throughout the intestine. Additionally, we are the first to report glucose transporter patterns across species presented from vertebrates to invertebrates. Finally, other kinetic transport systems are briefly covered to illustrate possible contributions/modulations to sodium-dependent glucose transporter organization. Overall, we present a new perspective on the organization of glucose absorption along the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Subramaniam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Tu J, Adhikari B, Brennan MA, Bai W, Cheng P, Brennan CS. Shiitake polysaccharides acted as a non-competitive inhibitor to α-glucosidase and inhibited glucose transport of digested starch from Caco-2 cells monolayer. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113268. [PMID: 37803584 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition mechanism of shitake mushroom polysaccharides (Lentinula edodes polysaccharides, LEP) against α-glucosidase was studied by enzyme kinetic assay, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking. The effect of LEP on glucose transport of digested starch was investigated via an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 transwell model. LEP exhibited a stronger inhibiting effect (IC50 = 0.66 mg/mL) than acarbose and presented a non-competitive inhibition mechanism. The interaction between LEP and α-glucosidase primarily involved electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking modelling showed that the four structures of LEP were bound to the allosteric tunnel or adjacent pocket of α-glucosidase via electrostatic force and hydrogen bonds. The (1 → 6)-linkages in LEP structures favoured its binding affinity to the α-glucosidase. The α-glucosidase inhibiting activity of LEP was also found to emanate from the reduction in glucose transport of digested starch as deducted from the in vitro digestion/Caco-2 transwell data. The release of glucose from digested starch cooked with LEP was significantly reduced (33.7%) compared to the digested starch without LEP. The findings from the current study suggest that LEP could be a promising ingredient to inhibit α-glucosidase activity as well as control the level of postprandial blood glucose when incorporated into starchy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Tu
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2474, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2474, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
| | - Margaret Anne Brennan
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2474, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Liu M, Shen J, Zhu X, Ju T, Willing BP, Wu X, Lu Q, Liu R. Peanut skin procyanidins reduce intestinal glucose transport protein expression, regulate serum metabolites and ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113471. [PMID: 37803795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
One of diabetic characteristics is the postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibiting glucose uptake may be beneficial for controlling postprandial blood glucose levels and regulating the glucose metabolism Peanut skin procyanidins (PSP) have shown a potential for lowering blood glucose; however, the underlying mechanism through which PSP regulate glucose metabolism remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effect of PSP on intestinal glucose transporters and serum metabolites using a mouse model of diabetic mice. Results showed that PSP improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity, which coincided with decreased expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 and glucose transporter 2 in the intestinal epithelium induced by an activation of the phospholipase C β2/protein kinase C signaling pathway. Moreover, untargeted metabolomic analysis of serum samples revealed that PSP altered arachidonic acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, bile acids, and arginine metabolic pathways. The study provides new insight into the anti-diabetic mechanism of PSP and a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jinxin Shen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Xin Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430000, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Moon DO. A comprehensive review of the effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism: unveiling the molecular pathways and therapeutic potential in diabetes management. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8743-8755. [PMID: 37642760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound predominantly found in red wine and grapes, has garnered attention for its potential role in regulating carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, and metabolism. This review aims to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of resveratrol in influencing vital processes in glucose homeostasis. These processes include carbohydrate digestion, glucose absorption, glycogen storage, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism in muscle cells, and triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes.The goal of this review is to offer an in-depth understanding of the multifaceted effects of resveratrol on glucose metabolism. By doing so, it presents valuable insights into its potential applications for preventing and treating metabolic disorders. This comprehensive examination of resveratrol's impact on glucose management will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on this promising natural compound, which may benefit researchers, healthcare professionals, and individuals interested in metabolic disorder prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si, 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Chandrasekaran S, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Germinated chickpea protein ficin hydrolysate and its peptides inhibited glucose uptake and affected the bitter receptor signaling pathway in vitro. Food Funct 2023; 14:8467-8486. [PMID: 37646191 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate germinated chickpea protein hydrolysate (GCPH) in vitro for its effect on markers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and bitter taste receptor expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Protein hydrolysate was obtained using ficin, and the resulting peptides were sequenced using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Caco-2 cells were used to determine glucose uptake and extra-oral bitter receptor activation. Three peptides, VVFW, GEAGR, and FDLPAL, were identified in legumin. FDLPAL was the most potent peptide in molecular docking studies with a DPP-IV energy of affinity of -9.8 kcal mol-1. GCPH significantly inhibited DPP-IV production by Caco-2 cells (IC50 = 2.1 mM). Glucose uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (IC25 = 2.0 mM). A negative correlation was found between glucose uptake and PLCβ2 expression in Caco-2 cells (R value, -0.62). Thus, GCPH has the potential to be commercialized as a functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhiksha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Tu J, Adhikari B, Brennan MA, Luo S, Cheng P, Bai W, Brennan CS. Acidic polysaccharides from black ear and silver ear mushrooms modulated the release and transport of glucose from gelatinised sorghum starch during digestion. Food Chem 2023; 411:135426. [PMID: 36669339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of acidic polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (AAP) and Tremella fuciformis (TFP) mushrooms to modulate starch digestion and absorption. Gelatinised sorghum starch was used as starch-rich material, and its digestion and glucose transport were determined through in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cells model. Results showed that fortification with 0.6% AAP/TFP increased the proportion of high molecular weight α-dextrin and delayed glucose diffusion from digested starch gels. Gelatinisation of sorghum starch with AAP and TFP reduced the amount of transported glucose by 34.2% and 38.7%, respectively. This reduction was related to the inhibition of AAP/TFP on α-glucosidase and the difficulty in the hydrolysis of high molecular weight maltooligosaccharides. The potential bonding of AAP/TFP to glucose transporter (SGLT1) also impeded glucose transport. The findings suggest that AAP/TFP could act as natural hypoglycaemic agents used in starch-based foods and provide a better understanding of the hypoglycaemic mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncai Tu
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2474, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2474, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Margaret Anne Brennan
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Siyuan Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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12
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Wang X, Zhao G, Ju C, Dong L, Liu Y, Ding Z, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Reduction of emodin-8-O-ß-D-glucoside content participates in processing-based detoxification of polygoni multiflori radix. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154750. [PMID: 36990007 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of severe liver injury by the herbal medicine Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) has drawn significant attention. The fact that processing attenuates PMR-induced hepatotoxicity has been well accepted, but the mechanisms are still ambiguous. PURPOSE This study aimed to illuminate the mechanism of processing-based attenuation of PMR hepatotoxicity. METHODS The contents of emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside (EG) and emodin (EMD) in raw and processed PMR were quantified. The difference in toxicokinetic behaviors of EG and EMD was determined in vivo, and the disposition properties of EG were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Decreased EG content was found in processed (black bean) PMR. Processed PMR showed reduced adverse effects relative to raw PMR. In addition, less hepatic protein adduction derived from EMD was produced in mice after exposure to processed PMR than that in animals receiving raw PMR. Glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 participated in the absorption of EG, and effective hydrolysis of EG to EMD took place in the intestinal epithelial cells during the process of absorption. Cytosolic broad-specificity β-glucosidase and lactase phlorizin hydrolase, as well as intestinal flora, participated in the hydrolysis of EG. The circulated EMD resulting from the deglycosylation of EG executed the hepatotoxic action. CONCLUSION EG is a pre-toxin and can be metabolically activated to EMD participating in the hepatotoxic event. The reduction of EG content due to processing is a key mechanistic factor that initiates the detoxification of PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Chengguo Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning 116600, PR China
| | - Lingwen Dong
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zifang Ding
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004 Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Roa, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, PR China.
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13
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Hyun YJ, Park SY, Kim JY. The effect of fermented rice germ extracts on the inhibition of glucose uptake in the gastrointestinal tract in vitro and in vivo. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:371-379. [PMID: 36778085 PMCID: PMC9905455 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented rice germ extracts on the inhibition of glucose uptake in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Samples were prepared by extracting rice germ fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum with 30% ethanol (RG_30E) or 50% ethanol (RG_50E). Ferulic acid was determined as the active component in the samples. RG_30E significantly inhibited glucose uptake and mRNA expression of GLUT2 and SGLT1 to a larger extent than RG_50E in Caco-2 cells. A single oral administration was performed on C57BL/6 mice to confirm which substrate (glucose, sucrose, or maltose) the sample inhibited absorption of, improving postprandial blood glucose elevation. As a result, RG_30E resulted in significantly lower blood glucose levels and AUC after glucose and sucrose administration. Therefore, fermented rice germ extracted with 30% ethanol regulates glucose uptake through glucose transporters and can be expected to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in the GI tract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01198-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232, Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
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14
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Begemann K, Heyde I, Witt P, Inderhees J, Leinweber B, Koch CE, Jöhren O, Oelkrug R, Liskiewicz A, Müller TD, Oster H. Rest phase snacking increases energy resorption and weight gain in male mice. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101691. [PMID: 36746332 PMCID: PMC9950950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Snacking, i.e., the intake of small amounts of palatable food items, is a common behavior in modern societies, promoting overeating and obesity. Shifting food intake into the daily rest phase disrupts circadian rhythms and is also known to stimulate weight gain. We therefore hypothesized that chronic snacking in the inactive phase may promote body weight gain and that this effect is based on disruption of circadian clocks. METHODS Male mice were fed a daily chocolate snack either during their rest or their active phase and body weight development and metabolic parameters were investigated. Snacking experiments were repeated in constant darkness and in clock-deficient mutant mice to examine the role of external and internal time cues in mediating the metabolic effects of snacking. RESULTS Chronic snacking in the rest phase increased body weight gain and disrupted metabolic circadian rhythms in energy expenditure, body temperature, and locomotor activity. Additionally, these rest phase snacking mice assimilated more energy during the inactive phase. Body weight remained increased in rest phase snacking wildtype mice in constant darkness as well as in clock-deficient mutant mice under a regular light-dark cycle compared to mice snacking in the active phase. Weight gain effects were abolished in clock-deficient mice in constant darkness. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that mistimed snacking increases energy resorption and promotes body weight gain. This effect requires a functional circadian clock at least under constant darkness conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pia Witt
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christiane E. Koch
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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15
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Laskowska AK, Wilczak A, Skowrońska W, Michel P, Melzig MF, Czerwińska ME. Fruits of Hippophaë rhamnoides in human leukocytes and Caco-2 cell monolayer models—A question about their preventive role in lipopolysaccharide leakage and cytokine secretion in endotoxemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981874. [PMID: 36249809 PMCID: PMC9561609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparations from Hippophaë rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn) have been traditionally used in the treatment of skin and digestive disorders, such as gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, uterine erosions, as well as oral, rectal, and vaginal mucositis, in particular in the Himalayan and Eurasian regions. An influence of an aqueous extract from the fruits of H. rhamnoides (HR) on leakage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli through gut epithelium developed from the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) monolayer in vitro and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) translocation were the principal objectives of the study. Additionally, the effect of HR on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins: IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6; tumor necrosis factor: TNF-α) by the Caco-2 cell line, human neutrophils (PMN), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was evaluated. The concentration of LPS on the apical and basolateral sides of the Caco-2 monolayer was evaluated with a Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. GLUT2 translocation was evaluated using an immunostaining assay, whereas secretion of cytokines by cell cultures was established with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. HR (500 μg/ml) significantly inhibited LPS leakage through epithelial monolayer in vitro in comparison with non-treated control. The treatment of Caco-2 cells with HR (50–100 μg/ml) showed GLUT2 expression similar to the non-treated control. HR decreased the secretion of most pro-inflammatory cytokines in all tested models. HR might prevent low-grade chronic inflammation caused by metabolic endotoxemia through the prevention of the absorption of LPS and decrease of chemotactic factors released by immune and epithelial cells, which support its use in metabolic disorders in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Laskowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilczak
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Skowrońska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Monika E. Czerwińska,
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16
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Günther I, Rimbach G, Nevermann S, Neuhauser C, Stadlbauer V, Schwarzinger B, Schwarzinger C, Ipharraguerre IR, Weghuber J, Lüersen K. Avens Root ( Geum Urbanum L.) Extract Discovered by Target-Based Screening Exhibits Antidiabetic Activity in the Hen's Egg Test Model and Drosophila melanogaster. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794404. [PMID: 34975489 PMCID: PMC8715001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plant extracts are becoming increasingly important as an alternative for traditional drugs against diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, we initialized a target-based screening of 111 root extracts from an open access plant extract library (PECKISH) by ascertaining their in-vitro inhibitory efficacy on α-glucosidase. The two most active extracts Geum urbanum L. (roseroot) and Rhodiola rosea L. (avens root) were further tested for their antidiabetic activities in terms of their impact on different regulatory key points of glucose homeostasis. To this end, various enzyme- and cell culture-based in-vitro assays were employed including the determination of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) activity in Caco-2 monolayers by Ussing chambers and of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in a GFP-reporter cell line. Subsequently, the antidiabetic potential of the root extracts were further evaluated in in-vivo models, namely hen’s eggs test and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Avens root extract was found to be a more potent inhibitor of the enzymes α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) than roseroot extract. Most importantly, only avens root extract exhibited antidiabetic activity in the two in-vivo models eliciting a reduced blood glucose level in the in-ovo model and a decline of the triglyceride level in a dietary starch-induced D. melanogaster obesity model. Analyses of the polyphenolic composition of the avens root extract by HPLC revealed a high content of ellagic acid and its derivatives as well as ellagitannins such as pedunculagin, stenophyllanin, stachyurin, casuarinin and gemin A. In conclusion, avens root extract represents a promising medicinal plant that should be considered in further in-vivo studies on hyperglycemia in laboratory rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Günther
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Nevermann
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cathrina Neuhauser
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Verena Stadlbauer
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Bettina Schwarzinger
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Julian Weghuber
- School of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Wels, Austria.,FFoQSI - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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17
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Schreck K, Melzig MF. Traditionally Used Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Screening for Uptake Inhibition of Glucose and Fructose in the Caco2-Cell Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692566. [PMID: 34489694 PMCID: PMC8417609 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional use of plants and their preparations in the treatment of diseases as a first medication in the past centuries indicates the presence of active components for specific targets in the natural material. Many of the tested plants in this study have been traditionally used in the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 and associated symptoms in different cultural areas. Additionally, hypoglycemic effects, such as a decrease in blood glucose concentration, have been demonstrated in vivo for these plants. In order to determine the mode of action, the plants were prepared as methanolic and aqueous extracts and tested for their effects on intestinal glucose and fructose absorption in Caco2 cells. The results of this screening showed significant and reproducible inhibition of glucose uptake between 40 and 80% by methanolic extracts made from the fruits of Aronia melanocarpa, Cornus officinalis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Lycium chinense, and Vaccinium myrtillus; the leaves of Brassica oleracea, Juglans regia, and Peumus boldus; and the roots of Adenophora triphylla. Furthermore, glucose uptake was inhibited between 50 and 70% by aqueous extracts made from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides and the fruit skin of Malus domestica. The methanolic extracts of Juglans regia and Peumus boldus inhibited the fructose transport between 30 and 40% in Caco2 cells as well. These findings can be considered as fundamental work for further research regarding the treatment of obesity-correlated diseases, such as Diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Pliszka M, Szablewski L. Glucose Transporters as a Target for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164184. [PMID: 34439338 PMCID: PMC8394807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For mammalian cells, glucose is a major source of energy. In the presence of oxygen, a complete breakdown of glucose generates 36 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose. Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer; therefore, cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis, which generates only two molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose, and cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by cancer cells is due to increased expression of glucose transporters. However, overexpression of glucose transporters, promoting the process of carcinogenesis, and increasing aggressiveness and invasiveness of tumors, may have also a beneficial effect. For example, upregulation of glucose transporters is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. Therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method of treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, upregulation of glucose transporters, which are used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancers. Abstract Tumor growth causes cancer cells to become hypoxic. A hypoxic condition is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolism of cancer cells differs from metabolism of normal cells. Cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis as a source of ATP. Process of glycolysis generates only two molecules of ATP per one molecule of glucose, whereas the complete oxidative breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. Therefore, cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by these cells is due to overexpression of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, that are hypoxia responsive, as well as other glucose transport proteins. Increased expression of these carrier proteins may be used in anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. It is also suggested, and there are observations, that therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method in treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are described cases, in which upregulation of glucose transporters, as, for example, NIS, which is used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancer. The aim of this review is the presentation of possibilities, and how glucose transporters can be used in anticancer therapy.
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19
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Wongon M, Limpeanchob N. Artocarpus lacucha Extract and Oxyresveratrol Inhibit Glucose Transporters in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:709-715. [PMID: 33511623 DOI: 10.1055/a-1324-3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of intestinal glucose absorption might result from either delayed carbohydrate digestion or blockage of glucose transporters. Previously, oxyresveratrol was shown to inhibit α-glucosidase, but its effect on glucose transporters has not been explored. The present study aimed to assess oxyresveratrol-induced inhibition of the facilitative glucose transporter 2 and the active sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. An aqueous extract of Artocarpus lacucha, Puag Haad, which is oxyresveratrol-enriched, was also investigated. Glucose transport was measured by uptake into Caco-2 cells through either glucose transporter 2 or sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 according to the culture conditions. Oxyresveratrol (40 to 800 µM) dose-dependently reduced glucose transport, which appeared to inhibit both glucose transporter 2 and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. Puag Haad at similar concentrations also inhibited these transporters but with greater efficacy. Oxyresveratrol and Puag Haad could help reduce postprandial hyperglycemic peaks, which are considered to be most damaging in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matusorn Wongon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Nanteetip Limpeanchob
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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20
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Malunga LN, Ames N, Zhouyao H, Blewett H, Thandapilly SJ. Beta-Glucan From Barley Attenuates Post-prandial Glycemic Response by Inhibiting the Activities of Glucose Transporters but Not Intestinal Brush Border Enzymes and Amylolysis of Starch. Front Nutr 2021; 8:628571. [PMID: 33937305 PMCID: PMC8085267 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.628571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-glucan (BG) from cereal grains is associated with lowering post-prandial blood glucose but the precise mechanism is not well-elucidated. The main aim of this study was to understand the mechanism through which BG from barley affects post-prandial glycemic response. Waffles containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 g barley BG and the same amount of available carbohydrate (15 g) were fed to the TIM-1 dynamic gastrointestinal digestion system to study the effect of BG on starch hydrolysis. Intestinal acetone powder and Xenopus laevis oocytes were used to study BG's effect on mammalian intestinal α-glucosidase and glucose transporters. The presence of BG did not significantly affect the in vitro starch digestion profiles of waffles suggesting that BG does not affect α-amylase activity. Intestinal α-glucosidase and glucose transport activities were significantly (p < 0.0001) inhibited in the presence of barley BG. Interestingly, BG viscosity did not influence α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GLUT2, and SGLT1 activities. This study provides the first evidence for the mechanism by which BG from barley attenuates post-prandial glycemic response is via alteration of α-glucosidase, GLUT2, and SGLT1 activity, but not amylolysis of starch. The decrease in post-prandial blood glucose in the presence of BG is likely a consequence of the interaction between BG and membrane active proteins (brush border enzymes and glucose transporters) as opposed to the commonly held hypothesis that increased viscosity caused by BG inhibits starch digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovemore Nkhata Malunga
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
| | - Haonan Zhouyao
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Heather Blewett
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine (CCARM), St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, Canada
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21
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Ayua EO, Nkhata SG, Namaumbo SJ, Kamau EH, Ngoma TN, Aduol KO. Polyphenolic inhibition of enterocytic starch digestion enzymes and glucose transporters for managing type 2 diabetes may be reduced in food systems. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06245. [PMID: 33659753 PMCID: PMC7895753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current global surge in diabetes cases, there is a growing interest in slowing and managing diabetes and its effects. While there are medications that can be used, they have adverse side effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain. To overcome these problems, bioactive compounds commonly found in fruits, vegetables and cereal grains are used to slow starch digestion and transport of simple sugars across the intestinal epithelia thereby reducing plasma blood glucose spike. These effects are achieved through inhibition of amylases, glucosidases and glucose transporters present in the gastrointestinal tract and brush boarder membrane. The extent of inhibition by polyphenols is dependent on molecular structure, doses and food matrix. Glycemic lowering effect of polyphenols have been demonstrated both in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, when these compounds are incorporated in food systems, they can interact with other polymers in the food matrix leading to lesser inhibition of digestion and/or glucose transporters compared to isolated or pure compounds as often witnessed in most in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Ayua
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Smith G. Nkhata
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sydney J. Namaumbo
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elijah Heka Kamau
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Theresa N. Ngoma
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kevin Omondi Aduol
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
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22
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Wang H, Shen Y, Zhao L, Ye Y. 1-Deoxynojirimycin and its Derivatives: A Mini Review of the Literature. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:628-643. [PMID: 31942844 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200114112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) is a naturally occurring sugar analogue with unique bioactivities. It is found in mulberry leaves and silkworms, as well as in the metabolites of certain microorganisms, including Streptomyces and Bacillus. 1-DNJ is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor and it possesses anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obese, anti-viral and anti-tumor properties. Some derivatives of 1-DNJ, like miglitol, miglustat and migalastat, were applied clinically to treat diseases such as diabetes and lysosomal storage disorders. The present review focused on the extraction, determination, pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of 1-DNJ, as well as the clinical application of 1-DNJ derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youfan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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23
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Kulkarni CP, Thevelein JM, Luyten W. Characterization of SGLT1-mediated glucose transport in Caco-2 cell monolayers, and absence of its regulation by sugar or epinephrine. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173925. [PMID: 33545159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caco-2 cells are increasingly used to study the absorption of drugs and nutrients, including D-glucose, an important nutrient that mainly gets absorbed from the intestine by the sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). However, disadvantages of Caco-2 cells for such studies have been reported, e.g., D-glucose cannot elicit translocation of the intracellular pool of SGLT1 to the apical membrane, the origin of the cells affects glucose uptake, and Caco-2 cells exhibit heterogeneity. This study aimed to characterize SGLT1-mediated glucose transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. We found that at lower glucose concentrations (5 mM) SGLT1 contributes more to total glucose transport than at higher (10 mM) glucose concentrations, suggesting contributions by another transporter at higher glucose concentrations. This contrasts with the in vivo situation, where SGLT1 dominant glucose transporter at all glucose concentrations. We also tested whether known regulators like sugars or catecholamines can stimulate glucose transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Neither epinephrine nor 2-deoxy-D-glucose could stimulate glucose transport. Moreover, the epinephrine could not induce accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in Caco-2 cells, indicating the absence of a functional β2-adrenoceptor in Caco-2 cells, which could explain the lack of epinephrine effect on glucose transport. Also, Caco-2 cells may lack some kinases required for increased SGLT1 transport. Overall, SGLT1-mediated glucose transport and its regulation in Caco-2 cells differ from that in vivo, and caution is advised when extrapolating glucose transport results obtained with this model to the in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan P Kulkarni
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Unit, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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24
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Primec M, Škorjanc D, Langerholc T, Mičetić-Turk D, Gorenjak M. Specific Lactobacillus probiotic strains decrease transepithelial glucose transport through GLUT2 downregulation in intestinal epithelial cell models. Nutr Res 2021; 86:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Brus M, Frangež R, Gorenjak M, Kotnik P, Knez Ž, Škorjanc D. Effect of Hydrolyzable Tannins on Glucose-Transporter Expression and Their Bioavailability in Pig Small-Intestinal 3D Cell Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020345. [PMID: 33440878 PMCID: PMC7827651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transepithelial transport of glucose is mediated by glucose transporters, and affects postprandial blood-glucose levels. This study investigates the effect of wood extracts rich in hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) that originated from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and oak (Quercus petraea) on the expression of glucose transporter genes and the uptake of glucose and HT constituents in a 3D porcine-small-intestine epithelial-cell model. The viability of epithelial cells CLAB and PSI exposed to different HTs was determined using alamarBlue®. qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression of SGLT1, GLUT2, GLUT4, and POLR2A. Glucose uptake was confirmed by assay, and LC–MS/ MS was used for the analysis of HT bioavailability. HTs at 37 µg/mL were found to adversely affect cell viability and downregulate POLR2A expression. HT from wood extract Tanex at concentrations of 4 µg/mL upregulated the expression of GLUT2, as well as glucose uptake at 1 µg/mL. The time-dependent passage of gallic acid through enterocytes was influenced by all wood extracts compared to gallic acid itself as a control. These results suggest that HTs could modulate glucose uptake and gallic acid passage in the 3D cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksimiljan Brus
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Frangež
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Petra Kotnik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (P.K.); (Ž.K.)
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Željko Knez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (P.K.); (Ž.K.)
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dejan Škorjanc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-2-320-90-25
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26
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Theaflavins inhibit glucose transport across Caco-2 cells through the downregulation of the Ca2+/AMP-activated protein kinase-mediated glucose transporter SGLT1. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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27
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Hasan NM, Johnson KF, Yin J, Baetz NW, Fayad L, Sherman V, Blutt SE, Estes MK, Kumbhari V, Zachos NC, Kovbasnjuk O. Intestinal stem cell-derived enteroids from morbidly obese patients preserve obesity-related phenotypes: Elevated glucose absorption and gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101129. [PMID: 33246140 PMCID: PMC7770968 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The mechanisms behind the efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, particularly with respect to the influence of the small bowel, remain poorly understood. In vitro and animal models are suboptimal with respect to their ability to replicate the human intestinal epithelium under conditions induced by obesity. Human enteroids have the potential to accelerate the development of less invasive anti-obesity therapeutics if they can recapitulate the pathophysiology of obesity. Our aim was to determine whether adult stem cell-derived enteroids preserve obesity-characteristic patient-specific abnormalities in carbohydrate absorption and metabolism. Methods We established 24 enteroid lines representing 19 lean, overweight, or morbidly obese patients, including post-BS cases. Dietary glucose absorption and gluconeogenesis in enteroids were measured. The expression of carbohydrate transporters and gluconeogenic enzymes was assessed and a pharmacological approach was used to dissect the specific contribution of each transporter or enzyme to carbohydrate absorption and metabolism, respectively. Results Four phenotypes representing the relationship between patients’ BMI and intestinal dietary sugar absorption were found, suggesting that human enteroids retain obese patient phenotype heterogeneity. Intestinal glucose absorption and gluconeogenesis were significantly elevated in enteroids from a cohort of obese patients. Elevated glucose absorption was associated with increased expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2, whereas elevated gluconeogenesis was related to increased expression of GLUT5, PEPCK1, and G6Pase. Conclusions Obesity phenotypes preserved in human enteroids provide a mechanistic link to aberrant dietary carbohydrate absorption and metabolism. Enteroids can be used as a preclinical platform to understand the pathophysiology of obesity, study the heterogeneity of obesity mechanisms, and identify novel therapeutics. Human stem cell-derived enteroids preserve the heterogeneity of obesity-related phenotypes. Four phenotypes representing the relationship between patients' BMI and intestinal dietary glucose absorption were found. Glucose absorption and gluconeogenesis were elevated in enteroids from a cohort of obese patients. Elevated glucose absorption was associated with increased expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in enteroids. Elevated gluconeogenesis was associated with increased expression of GLUT5, PEPCK1, and G6Pase in enteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin M Hasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kelli F Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jianyi Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas W Baetz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lea Fayad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vadim Sherman
- Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Bariatric and General Division, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vivek Kumbhari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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28
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Xie N, Huang X, Yang C, Dai M, Cai L, Deng S, Hardiman PJ, Zhou J. Artificial sweeteners affect the glucose transport rate in the Caco-2/NCI-H716 co-culture model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4887-4892. [PMID: 32483817 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial sweeteners have been used widely as substitutes for sugar for several decades. In recent years they have been reported to be harmful to human health - especially to glucose absorption. However, as conclusions from previous studies using a single Caco-2 cell model were not consistent, further studies with a more suitable cell model are needed. RESULTS We established a co-culture model with enterocyte Caco-2 and enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cell lines cultured in transwell inserts. The effects of artificial sweeteners, enhancing the glucose transport rate, lasted for 60 min and then began to diminish. Most importantly, different artificial sweeteners with the same sweetness intensity had similar effects on glucose transport. The sodium / glucose co-transporter member 1 (SGLT1) mRNA expression levels increased significantly with an initial glucose concentration of 20 mM, while glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA expression significantly increased with initial glucose concentrations of 20 mM and 60 mM. CONCLUSION Based on the Caco-2/NCI-H716 co-culture model, SGLT1 and GLUT2 mediated the enhancing effects of artificial sweeteners on glucose transport, depending on the sweetness intensity and initial glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Xie
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuyi Yang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minchen Dai
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Cai
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul J Hardiman
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jue Zhou
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School, London, UK
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29
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Rothbauer M, Eilenberger C, Spitz S, Bachmann B, Pajenda J, Schwaighofer A, Höll G, Helmke PS, Kohl Y, Lendl B, Ertl P. FTIR spectroscopy as a novel analytical approach for investigation of glucose transport and glucose transport inhibition studies in transwell in vitro barrier models. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118388. [PMID: 32361318 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transport is key for cellular metabolism as well as physiological function and is maintained via passive facilitated and active sodium-glucose linked transport routes. Here, we present for the first time Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as a novel approach for quantification of apical-to-basolateral glucose transport of in vitro cell barrier models using liver, lung, intestinal and placental cancer cell lines. Results of our comparative study revealed that distinct differences could be observed upon subjection to transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bachmann
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; AUVA Research Centre, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Pajenda
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Höll
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Palle Steen Helmke
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Xi Y, Yuan P, Li T, Zhang M, Liu MF, Li B. hENT1 reverses chemoresistance by regulating glycolysis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 479:112-122. [PMID: 32200037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) chemotherapy, as the first-line regimen for pancreatic cancer, tends to induce drug resistance, which ultimately worsens the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. Our previous study indicated a close correlation between pancreatic cancer progression and glucose metabolism, especially at the chemoresistant stage, highlighting the importance of the application of 18F-FDG PET dual-phase imaging in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. We speculate that glycolysis, participates in the development of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. In this article, we wanted to determine whether manipulating hENT1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells can reverse GEM chemoresistance and whether glucose transport and glycolysis are involved during this process. We found that hENT1 reversed GEM-induced drug resistance by inhibiting glycolysis and altering glucose transport mediated by HIF-1α in pancreatic cancer. Our findings also suggest that 18F-FDG PET dual-phase imaging after the 4th chemotherapy treatment can accurately identify drug-resistant pancreatic tumors and improve hENT1 reversal therapy. Our findings highlight that the dynamic observation of (retention index) RI changes from the beginning of treatment can also be helpful for evaluating the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2(nd) Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2(nd) Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2(nd) Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mo-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science 8 School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin 2(nd) Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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31
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Li Y, Romey-Glüsing R, Tahan Zadeh N, von Frieling J, Hoffmann J, Huebbe P, Bruchhaus I, Rimbach G, Fink C, Roeder T. Furbellow (Brown Algae) Extract Increases Lifespan in Drosophila by Interfering with TOR-Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1172. [PMID: 32331413 PMCID: PMC7230866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal products are well known for their health promoting effects. Nonetheless, an in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still only fragmentary. Here, we show that aqueous furbelow extracts (brown algae, Saccorhiza polyschides) lengthen the life of both sexes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster substantially, if used as nutritional additives to conventional food. This life prolonging effect became even more pronounced in the presence of stressors, such as high-fat dieting of living under drought conditions. Application of the extracts did not change food intake, excretion, or other major physiological parameters. Nevertheless, effects on the intestinal microbiota were observed, leading to an increased species richness, which is usually associated with healthy conditions. Lifespan extension was not observed in target of rapamycin (TOR)-deficient animals, implying that functional TOR signaling is necessary to unfold the positive effects of brown algae extract (BAE) on this important trait. The lack of life lengthening in animals with deregulated TOR signaling exclusively targeted to body fat showed that this major energy storage organ is instrumental for transmitting these effects. In addition, expression of Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2), an effective inhibitor of insulin signaling implies that BAE exerts their positive effects through interaction with the tightly interwoven TOR- and insulin-signaling systems, although insulin levels were not directly affected by this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renja Romey-Glüsing
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Navid Tahan Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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32
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Iftikhar M, Iftikhar A, Zhang H, Gong L, Wang J. Transport, metabolism and remedial potential of functional food extracts (FFEs) in Caco-2 cells monolayer: A review. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109240. [PMID: 32846508 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caco-2, a human intestinal carcinoma cell line, has been used to test the absorption and transport mechanism of functional foods and drugs across the intestinal epithelium in order to study their antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Caco-2 cells represent the morphological and functional characteristics of small intestinal cells and capable of expressing brush borders, tight junctions, intestinal efflux and uptake transporters which regulate permeation of drugs and functional food extracts from intestinal lumen to systemic circulation. The integrity of the Caco-2 monolayer is controlled by establishing the TEER between 200 and 1000 O per cm2. FFEs affect intestinal permeability by adjusting the tight junction proteins between the cells in order to maintain the epithelial barrier function. Because of the side effects of medicines, there is an increased interest in functional food extracts (FFEs) as drug substitutes. Functional foods undergo intricate transport processes and biotransformation after oral administration. Metabolism and transport studies of FFEs in Caco-2 cells are very important for determining their bioavailability. Functional foods and their constituents produce anti-proliferative and anti-cancer effects through apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of various signal transduction pathways across Caco-2 cell lines. The current review has summarized the anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant and cholesterol lowering potential of FFEs using Caco-2 cells through reducing local inflammatory signals, production of ROS and lipid accumulation. The transport, bioavailability, metabolism, mechanisms of actions, cellular pathways adopted by FFEs across Caco-2 cell lines are predominantly affected by their molecular weight, structures and physicochemical properties. These studies are beneficial for investigating the different mechanisms of action of FFEs in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iftikhar
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad (TUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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McCauley HA. Enteroendocrine Regulation of Nutrient Absorption. J Nutr 2020; 150:10-21. [PMID: 31504661 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) in the intestine regulate many aspects of whole-body physiology and metabolism. EECs sense luminal and circulating nutrients and respond by secreting hormones that act on multiple organs and organ systems, such as the brain, gallbladder, and pancreas, to control satiety, digestion, and glucose homeostasis. In addition, EECs act locally, on enteric neurons, endothelial cells, and the gastrointestinal epithelium, to facilitate digestion and absorption of nutrients. Many recent reports raise the possibility that EECs and the enteric nervous system may coordinate to regulate gastrointestinal functions. Loss of all EECs results in chronic malabsorptive diarrhea, placing EECs in a central role regulating nutrient absorption in the gut. Because there is increasing evidence that EECs can directly modulate the efficiency of nutrient absorption, it is possible that EECs are master regulators of a feed-forward loop connecting appetite, digestion, metabolism, and abnormally augmented nutrient absorption that perpetuates metabolic disease. This review focuses on the roles that specific EEC hormones play on glucose, peptide, and lipid absorption within the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A McCauley
- Division of Developmental Biology and the Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Intestinal Fructose and Glucose Metabolism in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010094. [PMID: 31905727 PMCID: PMC7019254 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut–brain axis will be reviewed.
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Villa-Rodriguez JA, Kerimi A, Tumova S, Williamson G. Inhibition of intestinal glucose transport by polyphenols: a mechanism for indirect attenuation of cholesterol absorption? Food Funct 2019; 10:3127-3134. [PMID: 31140506 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol uptake and chylomicron synthesis are promoted by increasing glucose concentrations in both healthy and diabetic individuals during the postprandial phase. The goal of this study was to test whether acute inhibition of glucose uptake could impact cholesterol absorption in differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells. As expected, high glucose upregulated intestinal cholesterol metabolism promoting its uptake and incorporation in lipoproteins. This was accompanied by an increase in the gene expression of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 and proprotein convertase subtillisin/kexin type 9. Cholesterol uptake was attenuated by acute inhibition of glucose absorption by cytochalasin B, by a chamomile extract and by one of its main constituent polyphenols, apigenin 7-O-glucoside; however, chylomicron secretion was only reduced by the chamomile extract. These data support a potential indirect role for bioactives in modulating intestinal lipid pathways through effects on intestinal glucose uptake. This working hypothesis warrants further testing in an in vivo setting such as in hypercholesterolaemic or prediabetic individuals.
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Subramaniam M, Enns CB, Luu K, Weber LP, Loewen ME. Comparison of intestinal glucose flux and electrogenic current demonstrates two absorptive pathways in pig and one in Nile tilapia and rainbow trout. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 318:R245-R255. [PMID: 31746628 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00160.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal-to-serosal flux of 14C 3-O-methyl-d-glucose was compared against the electrogenic transport of d-glucose across ex vivo intestinal segments of Nile tilapia, rainbow trout, and pig in Ussing chambers. The difference in affinities (Km "fingerprints") between pig flux and electrogenic transport of glucose, and the absence of this difference in tilapia and trout, suggest two absorptive pathways in the pig and one in the fish species examined. More specifically, the total mucosal-to-serosal flux revealed a super high-affinity, high-capacity (sHa/Hc) total glucose transport system in tilapia; a super high-affinity, low-capacity (sHa/Lc) total glucose transport system in trout and a low-affinity, low-capacity (La/Lc) total glucose transport system in pig. Comparatively, electrogenic glucose absorption revealed similar Km in both fish species, with a super high-affinity, high capacity (sHa/Hc) system in tilapia; a super high-affinity/super low-capacity (sHa/sLc) system in trout; but a different Km fingerprint in the pig, with a high-affinity, low-capacity (Ha/Lc) system. This was supported by different responses to inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) and glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) administered on the apical side between species. More specifically, tilapia flux was inhibited by SGLT inhibitors, but not the GLUT2 inhibitor, whereas trout lacked response to inhibitors. In contrast, the pig responded to inhibition by both SGLT and GLUT2 inhibitors with a higher expression of GLUT2. Altogether, it would appear that two pathways are working together in the pig, allowing it to have continued absorption at high glucose concentrations, whereas this is not present in both tilapia and trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Subramaniam
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Cole B Enns
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khanh Luu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Kamble SP, Ghadyale VA, Patil RS, Haldavnekar VS, Arvindekar AU. Inhibition of GLUT2 transporter by geraniol from Cymbopogon martinii: a novel treatment for diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:294-304. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To isolate and identify the bioactive component from Cymbopogon martinii having GLUT2 transporter inhibitory activity – towards development of a novel strategy for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Method
Isolation of bioactive component was carried out using differential solvent extraction, HPTLC and HPLC, and identification was done by GC-MS. In-vitro studies on intestine, liver, kidney and in-vivo assessment by OGTT and long-term treatment on diabetic rats were carried out.
Key findings
Geraniol was isolated and identified as bioactive component. Intestinal glucose absorption demonstrated 60.28% inhibition of transport at 648.34 μm of geraniol. It was found to inhibit glucose release from liver on adrenaline challenge by 89.82% at 324.17 μm/ml. Kidney glycogen content doubled using 648.34 μm of geraniol as compared to control. Geraniol demonstrated 2.14 times higher renal glucose output than diabetic control. OGTT demonstrated prevention of postprandial spikes. Prolonged treatment for 60 days with 29.37 mm/kg B.W. twice a day of geraniol improved the lipid profile, HbA1C levels and renal parameters. In mRNA studies for 10 days, over expression of GLUT2 was prevented by geraniol.
Conclusions
Inhibition of GLUT2 by geraniol has the potential to reduce hyperglycaemia and prevent secondary complications in diabetes.
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Pico J, Martínez MM. Unraveling the Inhibition of Intestinal Glucose Transport by Dietary Phenolics: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3418-3433. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191015154326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background:Glucose transport across the intestinal brush border membrane plays a key role in metabolic regulation. Depending on the luminal glucose concentration, glucose is mainly transported by the sodium- dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and the facilitated-transporter glucose transporter (GLUT2). SGLT1 is apical membrane-constitutive and it is active at a low luminal glucose concentration, while at concentrations higher than 50 mM, glucose is mainly transported by GLUT2 (recruited from the basolateral membrane). Dietary phenolic compounds can modulate glucose homeostasis by decreasing the postprandial glucose response through the inhibition of SGLT1 and GLUT2.Methods:Phenolic inhibition of intestinal glucose transport has been examined using brush border membrane vesicles from rats, pigs or rabbits, Xenopus oocytes and more recently Caco-2 cells, which are the most promising for harmonizing in vitro experiments.Results:Phenolic concentrations above 100 µM has been proved to successfully inhibit the glucose transport. Generally, the aglycones quercetin, myricetin, fisetin or apigenin have been reported to strongly inhibit GLUT2, while quercetin-3-O-glycoside has been demonstrated to be more effective in SGLT1. Additionally, epigallocatechin as well as epicatechin and epigallocatechin gallates were observed to be inhibited on both SGLT1 and GLUT2.Conclusion:Although, valuable information regarding the phenolic glucose transport inhibition is known, however, there are some disagreements about which flavonoid glycosides and aglycones exert significant inhibition, and also the inhibition of phenolic acids remains unclear. This review aims to collect, compare and discuss the available information and controversies about the phenolic inhibition of glucose transporters. A detailed discussion on the physicochemical mechanisms involved in phenolics-glucose transporters interactions is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pico
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mario M. Martínez
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Dengler F, Gäbel G. The Fast Lane of Hypoxic Adaptation: Glucose Transport Is Modulated via A HIF-Hydroxylase-AMPK-Axis in Jejunum Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204993. [PMID: 31601024 PMCID: PMC6834319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is able to adapt to varying blood flow and, thus, oxygen availability. Still, the adaptation fails under pathologic situations. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the epithelial adaptation to hypoxia could help to improve the therapeutic approach. We hypothesized that the short-term adaptation to hypoxia is mediated via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and that it is coupled to the long-term adaptation by a common regulation mechanism, the HIF-hydroxylase enzymes. Further, we hypothesized the transepithelial transport of glucose to be part of this short-term adaptation. We conducted Ussing chamber studies using isolated lagomorph jejunum epithelium and cell culture experiments with CaCo-2 cells. The epithelia and cells were incubated under 100% and 21% O2, respectively, with the panhydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or under 1% O2. We showed an activation of AMPK under hypoxia and after incubation with DMOG by Western blot. This could be related to functional effects like an impairment of Na+-coupled glucose transport. Inhibitor studies revealed a recruitment of glucose transporter 1 under hypoxia, but not after incubation with DMOG. Summing up, we showed an influence of hydroxylase enzymes on AMPK activity and similarities between hypoxia and the effects of hydroxylase inhibition on functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gotthold Gäbel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Furuta T, Mizukami Y, Asano L, Kotake K, Ziegler S, Yoshida H, Watanabe M, Sato SI, Waldmann H, Nishikawa M, Uesugi M. Nutrient-Based Chemical Library as a Source of Energy Metabolism Modulators. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1860-1865. [PMID: 31436407 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covalent conjugates of multiple nutrients often exhibit greater biological activities than each individual nutrient and more predictable safety profiles than completely unnatural chemical entities. Here, we report the construction and application of a focused chemical library of 308 covalent conjugates of a variety of small-molecule nutrients. Screening of the library with a reporter gene of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), a master regulator of mammalian lipogenesis, led to the discovery of a conjugate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), glucosamine, and amino acids as an inhibitor of SREBP (molecule 1, DHG). Mechanistic analyses indicate that molecule 1 impairs the SREBP activity by inhibiting glucose transporters and thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Oral administration of molecule 1 suppressed the intestinal absorption of glucose in mice. These results suggest that such synthetic libraries of nutrient conjugates serve as a source of novel chemical tools and pharmaceutical seeds that modulate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuta
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Lisa Asano
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kotake
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research and Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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41
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Are Fruit Juices Healthier Than Sugar-Sweetened Beverages? A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051006. [PMID: 31052523 PMCID: PMC6566863 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Free sugars overconsumption is associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors for metabolic diseases such as the alteration of the blood lipid levels. Natural fruit juices have a free sugar composition quite similar to that of sugar-sweetened beverages. Thus, could fruit juice consumption lead to the same adverse effects on health as sweetened beverages? We attempted to answer this question by reviewing the available evidence on the health effects of both sugar-sweetened beverages and natural fruit juices. We determined that, despite the similarity of fruits juices to sugar-sweetened beverages in terms of free sugars content, it remains unclear whether they lead to the same metabolic consequences if consumed in equal dose. Important discrepancies between studies, such as type of fruit juice, dose, duration, study design, and measured outcomes, make it impossible to provide evidence-based public recommendations as to whether the consumption of fruit juices alters the blood lipid profile. More randomized controlled trials comparing the metabolic effects of fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are needed to shape accurate public health guidelines on the variety and quantity of free sugars in our diet that would help to prevent the development of obesity and related health problems.
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Afshar N, Safaei S, Nickerson DP, Hunter PJ, Suresh V. Computational Modeling of Glucose Uptake in the Enterocyte. Front Physiol 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 31031632 PMCID: PMC6473069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption of glucose across the epithelial cells of the small intestine is a key process in human nutrition and initiates signaling cascades that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Validated and predictive mathematical models of glucose transport in intestinal epithelial cells are essential for interpreting experimental data, generating hypotheses, and understanding the contributions of and interactions between transport pathways. Here we report on the development of such a model that, in contrast to existing models, incorporates mechanistic descriptions of all relevant transport proteins and is implemented in the CellML framework. The model is validated against experimental and simulation data from the literature. It is then used to elucidate the relative contributions of the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) and the glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) proteins in published measurements of glucose absorption from human intestinal epithelial cell lines. The model predicts that the contribution of SGLT1 dominates at low extracellular glucose concentrations (<20 mM) and short exposure times (<60 s) while the GLUT2 contribution is more significant at high glucose concentrations and long durations. Implementation in CellML permitted a modular structure in which the model was composed by reusing existing models of the individual transporters. The final structure also permits transparent changes of the model components and parameter values in order to facilitate model reuse, extension, and customization (for example, to simplify, or add complexity to specific transporter/pathway models, or reuse the model as a component of a larger framework) and carry out parameter sensitivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Afshar
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Soroush Safaei
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David P Nickerson
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter J Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vinod Suresh
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. Differential Impact of Flavonoids on Redox Modulation, Bioenergetics, and Cell Signaling in Normal and Tumor Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1633-1659. [PMID: 28826224 PMCID: PMC6207159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Flavonoids can interact with multiple molecular targets to elicit their cellular effects, leading to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, and/or metabolism, which can, subsequently, affect the entire cell and organism. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumors, are routinely employed as a surrogate for mechanistic studies, with the results extrapolated to tissues in vivo. Recent Advances: We review the activities of selected flavonoids on cultured tumor cells derived from various tissues in comparison to corresponding primary cells or tissues in vivo, mainly using quercetin and flavanols (epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) as exemplars. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids could retard cancer progression in vivo in animal models as well as in tumor cell models. CRITICAL ISSUES Extrapolation from in vitro and animal models to humans is not straightforward given both the extensive conjugation and complex microbiota-dependent metabolism of flavonoids after consumption, as well as the heterogeneous metabolism of different tumors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Comparison of data from studies on primary cells or in vivo are essential not only to validate results obtained from cultured cell models, but also to highlight whether any differences may be further exploited in the clinical setting for chemoprevention. Tumor cell models can provide a useful mechanistic tool to study the effects of flavonoids, provided that the limitations of each model are understood and taken into account in interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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44
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Intestinal Saturated Long-Chain Fatty Acid, Glucose and Fructose Transporters and Their Inhibition by Natural Plant Extracts in Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102544. [PMID: 30301205 PMCID: PMC6222386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal absorption of fatty acids, glucose and fructose is part of the basic requirements for the provision of energy in the body. High access of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), glucose and fructose can facilitate the development of metabolic diseases, particularly the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Research has been done to find substances which decelerate or inhibit intestinal resorption of these specific food components. Promising targets are the inhibition of intestinal long-chain fatty acid (FATP2, FATP4), glucose (SGLT1, GLUT2) and fructose (GLUT2, GLUT5) transporters by plant extracts and by pure substances. The largest part of active components in plant extracts belongs to the group of polyphenols. This review summarizes the knowledge about binding sites of named transporters and lists the plant extracts which were tested in Caco-2 cells regarding uptake inhibition.
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45
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Mojica L, Luna-Vital DA, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Black bean peptides inhibit glucose uptake in Caco-2 adenocarcinoma cells by blocking the expression and translocation pathway of glucose transporters. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:552-560. [PMID: 29854625 PMCID: PMC5977767 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common bean protein fractions decreased glucose uptake in colorectal cancer cells. Protein fractions decreased SGLT1 and GLUT2 gene and protein expression and translocation. Black bean protein fractions could be used as anticancer drug adjuvants.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of black bean protein fraction (PFRA), and its derived peptides on glucose uptake, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expression and translocation on Caco-2 cells. The effect of treatments was evaluated on glucose uptake, protein expression and localization and gene expression on Caco-2 cells. PFRA (10 mg/mL) lowered glucose uptake from 27.4% after 30 min to 33.9% after 180 min of treatment compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). All treatments lowered GLUT2 expression after 30 min of treatment compared to untreated control (31.4 to 48.6%, p < 0.05). Similarly, after 24 h of treatment, GLUT2 was decreased in all treatments (23.5% to 48.9%) (p < 0.05). SGLT1 protein expression decreased 18.3% for LSVSVL (100 μM) to 45.1% for PFRA (10 mg/mL) after 24 h. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a decrease in expression and membrane translocation of GLUT2 and SGLT1 for all treatments compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of SLC2A2 (GLUT2) and SLC5A1 (SGLT1) was downregulated significantly up to two-fold change compared to the untreated control after 24 h treatment. Black bean protein fractions are an inexpensive, functional ingredient with significant biological potential to reduce glucose uptake and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Key Words
- 2-NBDG PubChem CID: 6711157
- 2-NBDG, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose
- A, alanine
- AMPK, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- AU, arbitrary units
- BPI, bean protein isolate
- Black bean protein fraction
- Colorectal cancer
- E, glutamic acid
- F, phenylalanine
- GLUT2
- GLUT2, glucose transporter 2
- Glucose uptake
- Glucose: PubChem CID: 10954115
- I:K, lysine
- L, leucine
- N, asparagine
- P FRA, protein fractions
- P, proline
- PHL, phloretin
- PKC, protein kinase C II
- Phloretin: PubChem CID: 4788
- S, serine
- SD, standard deviation
- SGLT1
- SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1
- T, threonine
- V, valine
- WZB117, 3-fluoro-1,2-phenylene bis (3-hydroxybenzoate)
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mojica
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States.,Tecnología Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., CIATEJ, 44270, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego A Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States
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46
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Abstract
The facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) family plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis, controlling the absorption rates and rapid response to changing carbohydrate levels. The facilitative GLUT2 transporter is uniquely expressed in metabolic epithelial cells of the intestine, pancreas, liver, and kidney. GLUT2 dysfunction is associated with several pathologies, including Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, a glycogen storage disease, characterized by growth retardation and renal dysfunction. Interestingly, GLUT2 activity is modulated by its cellular localization. Membrane translocation specifically regulates GLUT2 activity in enterocytes, pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, and proximal tubule cells. We have established a system to visualize and quantify GLUT2 translocation, and its dynamics, by live imaging of a mCherry-hGLUT2 fusion protein in polarized epithelial cells. This system enables testing of putative modulators of GLUT2 translocation, which are potential drugs for conditions of impaired glucose homeostasis and associated nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Merav Cohen
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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47
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Villa-Rodriguez JA, Aydin E, Gauer JS, Pyner A, Williamson G, Kerimi A. Green and Chamomile Teas, but not Acarbose, Attenuate Glucose and Fructose Transport via Inhibition of GLUT2 and GLUT5. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28868668 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE High glycaemic sugars result in blood-glucose spikes, while large doses of post-prandial fructose inundate the liver, causing an imbalance in energy metabolism, both leading to increased risk of metabolic malfunction and type 2 diabetes. Acarbose, used for diabetes management, reduces post-prandial hyperglycaemia by delaying carbohydrate digestion. METHODS AND RESULTS Chamomile and green teas both inhibited digestive enzymes (α-amylase and maltase) related to intestinal sugar release, as already established for acarbose. However, acarbose had no effect on uptake of sugars using both differentiated human Caco-2 cell monolayers and Xenopus oocytes expressing human glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) and GLUT5. Both teas effectively inhibited transport of fructose and glucose through GLUT2 inhibition, while chamomile tea also inhibited GLUT5. Long term incubation of Caco-2/TC7 cells with chamomile tea for 16 h or 4 days did not enhance the observed effects, indicating that inhibition is acute. Sucrase activity was directly inhibited by green tea and acarbose, but not chamomile. CONCLUSION These findings show that chamomile and green teas are potential tools to manage absorption and metabolism of sugars with efficacy against high sugar bolus stress inflicted, for example, by high fructose syrups, where the drug acarbose would be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Aydin
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia S Gauer
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alison Pyner
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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48
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Uptake of glucose-conjugated MGMT inhibitors in cancer cells: role of flippases and type IV P-type ATPases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13925. [PMID: 29066805 PMCID: PMC5655675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is a key determinant of cancer resistance. The MGMT inhibitors O6-benzylguanine (O6BG) and O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (O6BTG) failed to enhance the therapeutic response due to toxic side effects when applied in combination with alkylating chemotherapeutics, indicating a need of inhibitor targeting. We assessed MGMT targeting that relies on conjugating the inhibitors O6BG and O6BTG to ß-D-glucose, resulting in O6BG-Glu and O6BTG-Glu, respectively. This targeting strategy was selected by taking advantage of high demand of glucose in cancers. Contrary to our expectation, the uptake of O6BG-Glu and O6BTG-Glu was not dependent on glucose transporters. Instead, it seems that after membrane binding the conjugates are taken up via flippases, which normally transport phospholipids. This membrane binding is the consequence of the amphiphilic character of the conjugates, which at higher concentrations lead to the formation of micelle-like particles in aqueous solution. The unusual uptake mechanism of the conjugates highlights the importance of proper linker selection for a successful ligand-based drug delivery strategy. We also demonstrate that proteins of the P4-Type ATPase family are involved in the transport of the glucose conjugates. The findings are not only important for MGMT inhibitor targeting, but also for other amphiphilic drugs.
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49
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Costello CM, Phillipsen MB, Hartmanis LM, Kwasnica MA, Chen V, Hackam D, Chang MW, Bentley WE, March JC. Microscale Bioreactors for in situ characterization of GI epithelial cell physiology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12515. [PMID: 28970586 PMCID: PMC5624909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of in vitro artificial small intestines that realistically mimic in vivo systems will enable vast improvement of our understanding of the human gut and its impact on human health. Synthetic in vitro models can control specific parameters, including (but not limited to) cell types, fluid flow, nutrient profiles and gaseous exchange. They are also “open” systems, enabling access to chemical and physiological information. In this work, we demonstrate the importance of gut surface topography and fluid flow dynamics which are shown to impact epithelial cell growth, proliferation and intestinal cell function. We have constructed a small intestinal bioreactor using 3-D printing and polymeric scaffolds that mimic the 3-D topography of the intestine and its fluid flow. Our results indicate that TEER measurements, which are typically high in static 2-D Transwell apparatuses, is lower in the presence of liquid sheer and 3-D topography compared to a flat scaffold and static conditions. There was also increased cell proliferation and discovered localized regions of elevated apoptosis, specifically at the tips of the villi, where there is highest sheer. Similarly, glucose was actively transported (as opposed to passive) and at higher rates under flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cait M Costello
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Mikkel B Phillipsen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Leonard M Hartmanis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Marek A Kwasnica
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - David Hackam
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Matthew W Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - John C March
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
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50
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An ultra-effective method of generating extramultipotent cells from human fibroblasts by ultrasound. Biomaterials 2017; 143:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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