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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D, Reed TT. Cellular Stress Response (Hormesis) in Response to Bioactive Nutraceuticals with Relevance to Alzheimer Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:643-669. [PMID: 36656673 PMCID: PMC10025851 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with aging. As the large Baby Boomer population ages, risk of developing AD increases significantly, and this portion of the population will increase significantly over the next several decades. Recent Advances: Research suggests that a delay in the age of onset by 5 years can dramatically decrease both the incidence and cost of AD. In this review, the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in AD is examined in the context of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) and the beneficial potential of selected bioactive nutraceuticals. Critical Issues: Nrf2, a transcription factor that binds to enhancer sequences in antioxidant response elements (ARE) of DNA, is significantly decreased in AD brain. Downstream targets of Nrf2 include, among other proteins, HO-1. BVR-A is activated when biliverdin is produced. Both HO-1 and BVR-A also are oxidatively or nitrosatively modified in AD brain and in its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), contributing to the oxidative stress, altered insulin signaling, and cellular damage observed in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Bioactive nutraceuticals exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties and are potential topics of future clinical research. Specifically, ferulic acid ethyl ester, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and resveratrol target Nrf2 and have shown potential to delay the progression of AD in animal models and in some studies involving MCI patients. Future Directions: Understanding the regulation of Nrf2 and its downstream targets can potentially elucidate therapeutic options for delaying the progression of AD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 643-669.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Physics, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, USA
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky, USA
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Dodson M, Chen J, Shakya A, Anandhan A, Zhang DD. The dark side of NRF2 in arsenic carcinogenesis. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 96:47-69. [PMID: 36858779 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant that significantly enhances the risk of developing disease, including several cancers. While the epidemiological evidence supporting increased cancer risk due to chronic arsenic exposure is strong, therapies tailored to treat exposed populations are lacking. This can be accredited in large part to the chronic nature and pleiotropic pathological effects associated with prolonged arsenic exposure. Despite this fact, several putative mediators of arsenic promotion of cancer have been identified. Among these, the critical transcription factor NRF2 has been shown to be a key mediator of arsenic's pro-carcinogenic effects. Importantly, the dependence of arsenic-transformed cancer cells on NRF2 upregulation exposes a targetable liability that could be utilized to treat arsenic-promoted cancers. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the "light" vs "dark" side of the NRF2 pathway. We then give a brief overview of arsenic metabolism, and discuss the epidemiological and experimental evidence that support arsenic promotion of different cancers, with a specific emphasis on mechanisms mediated by chronic, non-canonical activation of NRF2 (i.e., the "dark" side). Finally, we briefly highlight how the non-canonical NRF2 pathway plays a role in other arsenic-promoted diseases, as well as research directions that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jinjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Annadurai Anandhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Frenis K, Hahad O, Steven S, Cohen G, Cuadrado A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Protective actions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and downstream pathways against environmental stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:72-91. [PMID: 35613665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors, including noise, air pollution, chemical agents, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and mental stress have a considerable impact on human health. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key players in molecular pathomechanisms of environmental pollution and risk factors. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors and the protective actions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in connection to oxidative stress and inflammation. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the protective actions of NRF2 and its downstream pathways against different environmental stressors. State-of-the-art mechanistic considerations on NRF2 signaling are discussed in detail, e.g. classical concepts like KEAP1 oxidation/electrophilic modification, NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Specific focus is also laid on NRF2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction with detailed presentation of the protective down-stream pathways of heme oxygenase-1, including interaction with BACH1 system. The significant impact of all environmental stressors on the circadian rhythm and the interactions of NRF2 with the circadian clock will also be considered here. A broad range of NRF2 activators is discussed in relation to environmental stressor-induced health side effects, thereby suggesting promising new mitigation strategies (e.g. by nutraceuticals) to fight the negative effects of the environment on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Insitute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, 8855630, Israel
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Chagneau CV, Massip C, Bossuet-Greif N, Fremez C, Motta JP, Shima A, Besson C, Le Faouder P, Cénac N, Roth MP, Coppin H, Fontanié M, Martin P, Nougayrède JP, Oswald E. Uropathogenic E. coli induces DNA damage in the bladder. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009310. [PMID: 33630958 PMCID: PMC7906301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of around 60% in women. We analysed urine samples from 223 patients with community-acquired UTIs and report the presence of the cleavage product released during the synthesis of colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin, in 55 of the samples examined. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from these patients, as well as the archetypal E. coli strain UTI89, were found to produce colibactin. In a murine model of UTI, the machinery producing colibactin was expressed during the early hours of the infection, when intracellular bacterial communities form. We observed extensive DNA damage both in umbrella and bladder progenitor cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of colibactin production in UTIs in humans and its genotoxicity in bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clémence Massip
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ayaka Shima
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Besson
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cénac
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Coppin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patricia Martin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- VibioSphen, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
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Inesta-Vaquera F, Navasumrit P, Henderson CJ, Frangova TG, Honda T, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Ruchirawat M, Wolf CR. Application of the in vivo oxidative stress reporter Hmox1 as mechanistic biomarker of arsenic toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116053. [PMID: 33213951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a naturally occurring metalloid present in drinking water and polluted air exposing millions of people globally. Epidemiological studies have linked iAs exposure to the development of numerous diseases including cognitive impairment, cardiovascular failure and cancer. Despite intense research, an effective therapy for chronic arsenicosis has yet to be developed. Laboratory studies have been of great benefit in establishing the pathways involved in iAs toxicity and providing insights into its mechanism of action. However, the in vivo analysis of arsenic toxicity mechanisms has been difficult by the lack of reliable in vivo biomarkers of iAs's effects. To address this issue we have applied the use of our recently developed stress reporter models to study iAs toxicity. The reporter mice Hmox1 (oxidative stress/inflammation; HOTT) and p21 (DNA damage) were exposed to iAs at acute and chronic, environmentally relevant, doses. We observed induction of the oxidative stress reporters in several cell types and tissues, which was largely dependent on the activation of transcription factor NRF2. We propose that our HOTT reporter model can be used as a surrogate biomarker of iAs-induced oxidative stress, and it constitutes a first-in-class platform to develop treatments aimed to counteract the role of oxidative stress in arsenicosis. Indeed, in a proof of concept experiment, the HOTT reporter mice were able to predict the therapeutic utility of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in the prevention of iAs associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Inesta-Vaquera
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tanya G Frangova
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Molecular Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Department of Systems Medicine. School of Medicine. University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
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Liu Y, Lang F, Yang C. NRF2 in human neoplasm: Cancer biology and potential therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 217:107664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Paithankar JG, Saini S, Dwivedi S, Sharma A, Chowdhuri DK. Heavy metal associated health hazards: An interplay of oxidative stress and signal transduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128350. [PMID: 33182141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as, industrial-, agricultural-, healthcare-, cosmetics-, and domestic-sectors has contaminated environment matrices and poses a severe health concern. Xenobiotics mediated effect is a ubiquitous cellular response. Oxidative stress is one such prime cellular response, which is the result of an imbalance in the redox system. Further, oxidative stress is associated with macromolecular damages and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. Epidemiological as well as laboratory data suggest that oxidative stress-induced cellular response following heavy metal exposure is linked with an increased risk of neoplasm, neurological disorders, diabetes, infertility, developmental disorders, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. During the recent past, a relation among heavy metal exposure, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways have been explored to understand the heavy metal-induced toxicity. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and its connection with different signaling pathways are complicated; therefore, the systemic summary is essential. Herein, an effort has been made to decipher the interplay among heavy metals/metalloids (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, and Lead) exposures, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, which are essential to mount the cellular and organismal response. The signaling pathways involved in this interplay include NF-κB, NRF2, JAK-STAT, JNK, FOXO, and HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Nie X, Xing M. Zinc exerts its renal protection effect on arsenic-exposed common carp: A signaling network comprising Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:383-390. [PMID: 32544558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory investigations have extensively indicated that arsenic exposure accounts for several kidney diseases. Zinc has been suggested as a possible natural preventive and therapeutic agent. This study is designed to explore the beneficial effect of zinc supplementation against arsenic-induced renal toxicity in common carp, and the results point to signaling pathway possibly compromised. In the present study, renal injury was induced in common carp by waterborne exposure to arsenic (2.83 mg/L) for 30 days, and zinc (1 mg/L) was simultaneously supplemented. First, the arsenic-exposed fish showed histological and functional renal alterations (indicated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, biochemical indexes and a TUNEL assay). Moreover, as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulant, arsenic was found to induce oxidative toxicity as determined by increased renal ROS, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels. When antioxidant-mediation attempts (through superoxide dismutase and glutathione)-mediated to restore homeostasis failed and ROS increased to extreme levels, inflammation (indicated by elevated inducible nitric oxide synthetase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins levels) and apoptosis (through both mitochondrial- and death receptor-dependent pathways) were triggered. However, abnormalities in the upstream mediators Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK were significantly ameliorated and blocked by treatment with zinc. In conclusion, zinc exerts a substantial protective effect against arsenic-triggered subchronic renal injury in common carp via the amelioration of oxidative stress, suppression of apoptosis and reduced inflammation through Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - XiaoPan Nie
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Kouam AF, Owona BA, Fifen R, Njayou FN, Moundipa PF. Inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways by a fraction from Entada africana alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04602. [PMID: 32904230 PMCID: PMC7452572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Entada africana is used in non-conventional medicine for the management of liver ailments. A fraction, designated EaF10 (methylene chloride/methanol 90:10, v/v) with promising hepatoprotective activity has been isolated. Since the mechanisms underlying EaF10 hepatoprotective action remain unknown, this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic mechanism of the fraction against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity and its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant activities of EaF10 were assessed through four chemical antioxidant assays and its anti-hepatotoxic effect evaluated in vivo and in vitro by post-treatment (25 or 100 mg/Kg) or co-treatment (6.25–100 μg/mL) in CCl4-intoxicated mice and normal human liver cells line L-02 hepatocytes respectively; and biochemical and molecular parameters assessed respectively by spectrophotometry, and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. EaF10 exhibited strong antioxidant activities correlated with its polyphenol content. Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and nitrite oxide, liver contents of glutathione (GSH) protein carbonylation and malondialdehyde (MDA), liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cell viability showed the anti-hepatotoxic effect of EaF10, supported by histopathological observations. The fraction decreased the protein level of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap-1), induced nuclear translocation of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) coupled to an increase of the mRNA levels of CAT, SOD1 and GST in CCl4-intoxicated L-02 hepatocytes. These findings evidenced that the studied plant fraction possesses a strong antioxidant capacity and prevents CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, likely through inhibition of CYP2E1 and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fondjo Kouam
- Medical Research and Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, PO Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Brice Ayissi Owona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigue Fifen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Nico Njayou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, PO Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Reszka E, Lesicka M, Wieczorek E, Jabłońska E, Janasik B, Stępnik M, Konecki T, Jabłonowski Z. Dysregulation of Redox Status in Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051296. [PMID: 32455559 PMCID: PMC7280975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of redox homeostasis constitutes an important etiological feature of common human malignancies. We investigated DNA damage, selenium (Se) levels and the expression of cytoprotective genes involved in (1) the KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway, (2) selenoprotein synthesis, and (3) DNA methylation and histone deacetylation as putative key players in redox status dysregulation in the blood of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients. The study involved 122 patients and 115 control individuals. The majority of patients presented Ta and T1 stages. UBC recurrence occurred within 0.13 to 29.02 months. DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls, while plasma Se levels were significantly reduced in the cases compared to the controls. Of the 25 investigated genes, elevated expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes in patients was observed for NRF2, GCLC, MMP9 and SEP15, while down-regulation was found for KEAP1, GSR, HMOX1, NQO1, OGG1, SEPW1, DNMT1, DNMT3A and SIRT1. After Bonferroni correction, an association was found with KEAP1, OGG1, SEPW1 and DNMT1. Early recurrence was associated with the down-regulation of PRDX1 and SRXN1 at the time of diagnosis. Peripheral redox status is significantly dysregulated in the blood of UBC patients. DNA strand breaks and PRDX1 and SRXN1 expression may provide significant predictors of UBC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (E.W.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-631-46-27
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (E.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (E.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.); (E.W.); (E.J.)
| | - Beata Janasik
- Department of Biological Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maciej Stępnik
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Konecki
- Ist Urology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (T.K.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zbigniew Jabłonowski
- Ist Urology Clinic, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (T.K.); (Z.J.)
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Wang C, Niu Q, Ma R, Song G, Hu Y, Xu S, Li Y, Wang H, Li S, Ding Y. The Variable Regulatory Effect of Arsenic on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mouse: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:362-383. [PMID: 30357758 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is known to cause oxidative damage. Nuclear factor E2-relate factor-2 (Nrf2) can resist this toxicity. Scholars demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway was activated by arsenic. In contrast, other articles established arsenic-induced inhibition of Nrf2 pathway. To resolve the contradiction and elucidate the mechanism of Nrf2 induced by arsenic, 39 publications involving mouse models were identified through exhaustive database retrieval and were analyzed. The pooled results suggested that arsenic obviously elevated transcription and translation levels of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and GST-glutathione-S-transferase1/2 (GSTO1/2). Arsenic increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but reduced the level of glutathione (GSH). Subgroup analysis between arsenic and control groups showed that the levels of Nrf2 and its downstream genes are greater in high dose than that in the low dose, higher in short-term exposure than long term, female subjects tolerated better than males, higher in mice than the rats, and greater in other organs than the liver. However, the contents of genes of Nrf2 pathway between the arsenic and control groups were lower in rats than in mice and were less for long-term exposure than the short term (P < 0.05). Conclusively, a variable regulation of arsenic on Nrf2 pathway is noted. Higher dose and short-term exposure of female mice organs except for liver promoted Nrf2 pathway. On the other hand, arsenic inhibited Nrf2 pathway for long-term exposure on rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yusong Ding
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
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12
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Del Favero G, Woelflingseder L, Braun D, Puntscher H, Kütt ML, Dellafiora L, Warth B, Pahlke G, Dall’Asta C, Adam G, Marko D. Response of intestinal HT-29 cells to the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its sulfated conjugates. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:424-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Iranshahy M, Iranshahi M, Abtahi SR, Karimi G. The role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in hepatoprotective activity of natural products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:261-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Pan CW, Yang SX, Pan ZZ, Zheng B, Wang JZ, Lu GR, Xue ZX, Xu CL. Andrographolide ameliorates d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41202-41210. [PMID: 28465482 PMCID: PMC5522263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (ADH), a diterpenoid lactone extracted from Andrographis paniculata, has been found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. However, its protective effects and mechanisms on liver injury have not been investigated clearly. This study takes an attempt to reveal the protective effects and mechanism of ADH on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury in mice. The mice liver injury model was induced by LPS (60 mg/kg) and D-GalN (800 mg/kg), and ADH was given 1 h after LPS and D-GalN treatment. Hepatic tissue histology was measured by H&E staining. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected by detection kits. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were also detected. Meanwhile, the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NF-κB were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that ADH treatment improved liver histology and decreased the levels of ALT, AST, MPO, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as MDA and ROS levels of hepatic tissues in a dose-dependent manner. ADH also inhibited LPS/D-GalN-induced NF-κB activation. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased by treatment of ADH. In conclusion, ADH protected against LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shou-Xing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Guang-Rong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zhan-Xiong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
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Fiorani M, Guidarelli A, Capellacci V, Cerioni L, Crinelli R, Cantoni O. The dual role of mitochondrial superoxide in arsenite toxicity: Signaling at the boundary between apoptotic commitment and cytoprotection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Zhu J, Li L, Li Y, Lv H, Xu Y, Sun G, Pi J. Effects of Nrf2 deficiency on arsenic metabolism in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 337:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Dai YC, Wang SC, Haque MM, Lin WH, Lin LC, Chen CH, Liu YW. The interaction of arsenic and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine on urothelial carcinogenesis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186214. [PMID: 29016672 PMCID: PMC5634628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bladder is an important organ for the storage of excreted water and metabolites. If metabolites with carcinogenic characteristics are present in urine, the urothelial lining of the bladder could be damaged and genetically altered. In this study, we analyzed the interaction of arsenic and N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) on mouse bladder carcinogenesis. Our previous study found that arsenic affects BBN-altered urothelial enzymatic activity, protein expression, DNA oxidation and global DNA CpG methylation levels. In this study, two mouse models were used. First, after administering a co-treatment of BBN and arsenic for 20 weeks, BBN alone led to a urothelial carcinoma formation of 20%, and arsenic promoted a BBN-induced urothelial carcinoma formation of 10%. The protein expression of GSTM1, GSTO1, NQO1, and p21 did not change by arsenic along with the BBN co-treatment, but the Sp1 expression increased. In the second mouse model, BBN was a pretreatment promoter; arsenic dose-dependently deteriorated BBN-promoted dysplasia by 10% and 40% at 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. Conversely, BBN pretreatment also accelerated arsenic-induced dysplasia by 30%. The urothelial carcinogenic effect reversed after ceasing BBN for a period of 20 weeks. In summary, three conclusions were drawn from this study. The first is the mutual promotion of arsenic and BBN in bladder carcinogenesis. Second, arsenic dosages without bladder carcinogenicity (10 ppm) or with slight carcinogenicity (100 ppm) promote BBN-induced mice bladder cancer progression. Finally, the dysplastic urothelium had reverted to near-normal morphology after ceasing BBN intake for 20 weeks, providing a good suggestion for people who want to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chang Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Mezbahul Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Chen Lin
- Department of Forestry and Nature Resources, College of Agriculture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Eriodictyol attenuates arsenic trioxide-induced liver injury by activation of Nrf2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68668-68674. [PMID: 28978146 PMCID: PMC5620286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, a well-known human carcinogen, has been reported to induce hepatic oxidative stress and hepatic injury. Eriodictyol, a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, has been reported to have antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of eriodictyol on arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced liver injury and to clarify the molecular mechanism. Male Wistar rats were administrated 3mg/kg As2O3 intravenous injection at days 1, 4, 5, and 7. Eriodictyol was given 1 h before or after As2O3 treatment. The results showed that eriodictyol prevented As2O3-induced liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels. Eriodictyol abrogated As2O3-induced decrease of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) activity. Eriodictyol also attenuated As2O3-induced hepatic pathological damage. In addition, eriodictyol promoted the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulated by As2O3. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that eriodictyol exhibited a protective effect on As2O3-induced liver injury and the possible mechanism is involved in activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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19
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The involvement of Nrf2 in the protective effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on NaAsO 2-induced hepatotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65302-65312. [PMID: 29029432 PMCID: PMC5630332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure produces hepatotoxicity. The common mechanism determining its toxicity is the generation of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by arsenic leads to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) possesses a potent antioxidant capacity and exhibits extensive pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate effects of EGCG on arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and activation of Nrf2 pathway. Plasma activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured; Histological analyses were conducted to observe morphological changes; Biochemical indexes such as oxidative stress (Catalase (CAT), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS)), Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1) were assessed. The results showed that EGCG inhibited arsenic-induced hepatic pathological damage, liver ROS level and MDA level. Arsenic decreases the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX, and CAT activity and the decrease was inhibited by treatment of EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG attenuated the retention of arsenic in liver tissues and improved the expressions of Nrf2 signaling related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1). These findings provide evidences that EGCG may be useful for reducing hepatotoxicity associated with oxidative stress by the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism of antioxidant EGCG in preventing hepatotoxicity, which implicate that EGCG may be a potential treatment for arsenicosis therapy.
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20
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Shah P, Trinh E, Qiang L, Xie L, Hu WY, Prins GS, Pi J, He YY. Arsenic Induces p62 Expression to Form a Positive Feedback Loop with Nrf2 in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes: Implications for Preventing Arsenic-Induced Skin Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020194. [PMID: 28125038 PMCID: PMC5361890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic in contaminated drinking water poses an environmental public health threat for hundreds of millions of people in the US and around the world. Arsenic is a known carcinogen for skin cancer. However, the mechanism by which arsenic induces skin cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we have shown that arsenic induces p62 expression in an autophagy-independent manner in human HaCaT keratinocytes. In mouse skin, chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water increases p62 protein levels in the epidermis. Nrf2 is required for basal and arsenic-induced p62 up-regulation. p62 knockdown reduces arsenic-induced Nrf2 activity, and induces sustained p21 up-regulation. p62 induction is associated with increased proliferation in mouse epidermis. p62 knockdown had little effect on arsenic-induced apoptosis, while it decreased cell proliferation following arsenic treatment. Our findings indicate that arsenic induces p62 expression to regulate the Nrf2 pathway in human keratinocytes and suggest that targeting p62 may help prevent arsenic-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Elaine Trinh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Clarke JL, Murray JB, Park BK, Copple IM. Roles of Nrf2 in drug and chemical toxicity. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Lee JW, Park JW, Shin NR, Park SY, Kwon OK, Park HA, Lim Y, Ryu HW, Yuk HJ, Kim JH, Oh SR, Ahn KS. Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:834-44. [PMID: 27431288 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Picrasma quassiodes (D.Don) Benn. (PQ) is a medicinal herb belonging to the family Simaroubaceae and is used as a traditional herbal remedy for various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PQ on airway inflammation using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and LPS-stimulated raw 264.7 cells. ALI was induced in C57BL/6 mice by the intranasal administration of LPS, and PQ was administered orally 3 days prior to exposure to LPS. Treatment with PQ significantly attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). PQ also decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in BALF. In addition, PQ inhibited airway inflammation by reducing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and by increasing the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the lungs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PQ blocked the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lungs of mice with LPS-induced ALI. In the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, PQ inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Treatment with PQ decreased the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB to the nucleus, and increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of HO-1. PQ also inhibited the activation of p38 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PQ exerts anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced ALI, and that these effects are associated with the modulation of iNOS, HO-1, NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Therefore, we suggest that PQ has therapeutic potential for use in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Yourim Lim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungju-si, Chungbuk 363‑883, Republic of Korea
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Muthusamy S, Peng C, Ng JC. Effects of multi-component mixtures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal/loid(s) on Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1160-1171. [PMID: 30090422 PMCID: PMC6072108 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal/loid(s) has been demonstrated to induce an oxidative stress response in mammalian cells. The combined effect of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) on the oxidative stress response has not been reported extensively. The Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defense against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. In this study, we have determined the combined effect of four PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr)) and three heavy metal/loid(s) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway using the ARE reporter-HepG2 cell line. The mixture study was carried out for binary, ternary, quaternary and seven-component combinations of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s). Initially, individual dose responses for the PAHs (B[a]P, Nap, Phe and Pyr) and heavy metal/loid(s) (As, Cd and Pb), as well as their respective concentrations that induced an induction ratio of 1.5 (ECIR1.5), were determined. The luciferase assay system was used to quantify the induction of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. The individual dose response study showed that both PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells. Among these chemicals, Cd was the most potent inducer, followed by B[a]P and As. Based on the individual dose response findings, PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) were mixed at equipotent ratios using a fixed concentration ratio, and the effects of the mixtures of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) (binary to seven-component) on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway were determined. The mixture effects were predicted by using the concentration addition (CA) model. Overall, the results showed that the multi-component mixtures of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) induced an oxidative stress response in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells, and that the CA model is an appropriate model to predict the interaction effect of these selected mixtures. A human cell line-based reporter gene assay system was successfully used to determine the mixture effects of two groups of common contaminants on oxidative stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Muthusamy
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
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Nishimoto S, Suzuki T, Koike S, Yuan B, Takagi N, Ogasawara Y. Nrf2 activation ameliorates cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells through increased glutathione levels and arsenic efflux from cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:161-168. [PMID: 27317373 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis, has been shown to activate nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a central role in cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Recently, the Nrf2-Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) pathway has been associated with cancer drug resistance attributable to modulation of the expression and activation of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. However, the exact mechanisms by which Nrf2 activation results in chemoresistance are insufficiently understood to date. This study investigated the mechanisms by which the cytotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO), an anticancer drug, were decreased in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells treated with CA, a typical activator of Nrf2 used to stimulate the Nrf2/Keap1 system. Our findings suggest that arsenic is non-enzymatically incorporated into NB4 cells and forms complexes that are dependent on intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentrations. In addition, the arsenic complexes are recognized as substrates by multidrug resistance proteins and subsequently excreted from the cells. Therefore, Nrf2-associated activation of the GSH biosynthetic pathway, followed by increased levels of intracellular GSH, are key mechanisms underlying accelerated arsenic efflux and attenuation of the cytotoxic effects of ATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nishimoto
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shin Koike
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Takagi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Fuse Y, Nguyen VT, Kobayashi M. Nrf2-dependent protection against acute sodium arsenite toxicity in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:136-142. [PMID: 27306194 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor Nrf2 induces a number of detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins to confer protection against the toxic effects of a diverse range of chemicals including inorganic arsenicals. Although a number of studies using cultured cells have demonstrated that Nrf2 has a cell-protective function against acute and high-dose arsenic toxicity, there is no clear in vivo evidence of this effect. In the present study, we genetically investigated the protective role of Nrf2 against acute sodium arsenite toxicity using the zebrafish Nrf2 mutant, nrf2a(fh318). After treatment with 1mM sodium arsenite, the survival of nrf2a(fh318) larvae was significantly shorter than that of wild-type siblings, suggesting that Nrf2 protected the zebrafish larvae against high-dose arsenite exposure. To understand the molecular basis of the Nrf2-dependent protection, we analyzed the gene expression profiles after arsenite exposure, and found that the genes involved in the antioxidative function (prdx1 and gclc), arsenic metabolism (gstp1) and xenobiotic elimination (abcc2) were induced in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Furthermore, pre-treatment with sulforaphane, a well-known Nrf2 activator improved the survival of zebrafish larvae after arsenic exposure. Based on these results, we concluded that Nrf2 plays a fundamental and conserved role in protection against acute sodium arsenite toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fuse
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Vu Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Chen W, Li S, Li J, Zhou W, Wu S, Xu S, Cui K, Zhang DD, Liu B. Artemisitene activates the Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant response and protects against bleomycin‐induced lung injury. FASEB J 2016; 30:2500-10. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinwei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shouhai Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Shengmei Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of PharmacyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Dysregulation of Glutamate Cycling Mediates Methylmercury-Induced Neurotoxicity. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 13:295-305. [PMID: 27885634 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45096-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To examine the toxicological implications of glutamate, this chapter will focus specifically on its impact in the brain. More explicitly, it will illustrate the role glutamate plays in mediating methylmercury (MeHg)-induced neurotoxicity. In this chapter, one intends to highlight the processes that occur prior to glutamate-stimulated excitotoxicity and subsequent neurodegeneration. As such, it will emphasize three main routes by which MeHg alters glutamate homeostasis. It is essential to recognize that these effects are not mutually exclusive, and that they synergistically influence glutamate dysregulation. Furthermore, the consequences of MeHg exposure will be presented here as a direct pathway; however, it must be noted these effects occur simultaneously. First, glutamate uptake will be reviewed emphasizing the function of astrocytes. Next, the induction of oxidative stress by MeHg exposure will be discussed. This process has a two-fold effect on glutamate homeostasis by (1) inhibiting extracellular glutamate uptake and (2) altering transcription of genes vital to glutamate cycling. Finally, the impact glutamate dysregulation has on glutathione synthesis will be examined. Although this chapter centers on the link between glutamate and MeHg toxicity, it is imperative that the reader acknowledges the processes discussed here can be extended to any pro-oxidant.
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Li J, Duan X, Dong D, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao L, Nie H, Sun G, Li B. Hepatic and Nephric NRF2 Pathway Up-Regulation, an Early Antioxidant Response, in Acute Arsenic-Exposed Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:12628-42. [PMID: 26473898 PMCID: PMC4626990 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs), a proven human carcinogen, damages biological systems through multiple mechanisms, one of them being reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that positively regulates the genes of encoding antioxidant and detoxification enzymes to neutralize ROS. Although NRF2 pathway activation by iAs has been reported in various cell types, however, the experimental data in vivo are very limited and not fully elucidated in humans. The present investigation aimed to explore the hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway upregulation in acute arsenic-exposed mice in vivo. Our results showed 10 mg/kg NaAsO2 elevated the NRF2 protein and increased the transcription of Nrf2 mRNA, as well as up-regulated NRF2 downstream targets HO-1, GST and GCLC time- and dose-dependently both in the liver and kidney. Acute NaAsO2 exposure also resulted in obvious imbalance of oxidative redox status represented by the increase of GSH and MDA, and the decrease of T-AOC. The present investigation reveals that hepatic and nephric NRF2 pathway expression is an early antioxidant defensive response upon iAs exposure. A better knowledge about the NRF2 pathway involvment in the cellular response against arsenic could help improve the strategies for reducing the cellular toxicity related to this metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
- Cao County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heze 274400, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Guifan Sun
- Environment and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The KEAP1-Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway is important in protecting liver from various insults. However, little is known about the expression of Nrf2-related genes in human liver in different diseases. METHODS This study utilized normal donor liver tissues (n=35), samples from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n=24), HBV-related cirrhosis (n=27), alcoholic cirrhosis (n=5) and end-stage liver disease (n=13). All of the liver tissues were from the Oriental Liver Transplant Center, Beijing, China. The expressions of Nrf2 and Nrf2-related genes, including its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), its targeted gene NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and modified subunit (GCLM), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) were evaluated. RESULTS The expression of Nrf2 was decreased in HCC, increased in alcoholic cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The expression of KEAP1 was increased in all of the liver samples. The most notable finding was the increased expression of NQO1 in HCC (18-fold), alcoholic cirrhosis (6-fold), end-stage liver disease (5-fold) and HBV-related cirrhosis (3-fold). Peri-HCC also had 4-fold higher NQO1 mRNA as compared to the normal livers. GCLC mRNA levels were lower only in HCC, as compared to the normal livers and peri-HCC tissues. GCLM mRNA levels were higher in HBV-related cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. HO-1 mRNA levels were increased in all liver tissues except for HCC. Peri-HCC had higher PRDX1 mRNA levels compared with HCC and normal livers. CONCLUSION Nrf2 and Nrf2-related genes are aberrantly expressed in the liver in different diseases and the increase of NQO1 was the most notable finding, especially in HCC.
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Huang Y, Li W, Su ZY, Kong ANT. The complexity of the Nrf2 pathway: beyond the antioxidant response. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1401-13. [PMID: 26419687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signalling pathway provides living organisms an efficient and pivotal line of defensive to counteract environmental insults and endogenous stressors. Nrf2 coordinates the basal and inducible expression of antioxidant and Phase II detoxification enzymes to adapt to different stress conditions. The stability and cellular distribution of Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its inhibitory binding protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Nrf2 signalling is also regulated by posttranslational, transcriptional, translational and epigenetic mechanisms, as well as by other protein partners, including p62, p21 and IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1. Many studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is a promising target for preventing carcinogenesis and other chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and pulmonary injury. However, constitutive activation of Nrf2 in advanced cancer cells may confer drug resistance. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 signalling, the diverse classes of Nrf2 activators, including bioactive nutrients and other chemicals, and the cellular functions and disease relevance of Nrf2 and discuss the dual role of Nrf2 in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Association of Nrf2 with airway pathogenesis: lessons learned from genetic mouse models. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1931-57. [PMID: 26194645 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a key transcription factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-bearing genes involved in diverse host defense functions including redox balance, cell cycle, immunity, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism, and carcinogenesis. Nrf2 in the airways is particularly essential as the respiratory system continuously interfaces with environmental stress. Since Nrf2 was determined to be a susceptibility gene for a model of acute lung injury, its protective capacity in the airways has been demonstrated in experimental models of human disorders using Nrf2 mutant mice which were susceptible to supplemental respiratory therapy (e.g., hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation), cigarette smoke, allergens, virus, environmental pollutants, and fibrotic agents compared to wild-type littermates. Recent studies also determined that Nrf2 is indispensable in developmental lung injury. While association studies with genetic NRF2 polymorphisms supported a protective role for murine Nrf2 in oxidative airway diseases, somatic NRF2 mutations enhanced NRF2-ARE responses, and were favorable for lung carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Bioinformatic tools have elucidated direct Nrf2 targets as well as Nrf2-interacting networks. Moreover, potent Nrf2-ARE agonists protected oxidant-induced lung phenotypes in model systems, suggesting a therapeutic or preventive intervention. Further investigations on Nrf2 should yield greater understanding of its contribution to normal and pathophysiological function in the airways.
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Lee IC, Kim SH, Baek HS, Moon C, Kim SH, Kim YB, Yun WK, Kim HC, Kim JC. Protective effects of diallyl disulfide on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity through activation of Nrf2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:538-548. [PMID: 24293383 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced acute hepatotoxicity and to determine the molecular mechanisms of protection offered by DADS in rats. DADS was administered orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day once daily for 5 consecutive days prior to CCl4 administration. The single oral dose of CCl4 (2 mL/kg) caused a significant elevation in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, which decreased upon pretreatment with DADS. Histopathological examinations showed extensive liver injury, characterized by extensive hepatocellular degeneration/necrosis, fatty changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congestion, which were reversed following pretreatment with DADS. The effects of DADS on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), the major isozyme involved in CCl4 bioactivation, were also investigated. DADS pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in CYP2E1 protein levels in dose-dependent manner. In addition, CCl4 caused a decrease in protein level of cytoplasmic nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and suppression of nuclear translocation of Nrf2 concurrent with downregulation of detoxifying phase II enzymes and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, DADS prevented the depletion of cytoplasmic Nrf2 and enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which, in turn, upregulated antioxidant and/or phase II enzymes. These results indicate that the protective effects of DADS against CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to induce antioxidant or detoxifying enzymes by activating Nrf2 and block metabolic activation of CCl4 by suppressing CYP2E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Srivastava R, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty A, Chattopadhyay A. Differentialin vivogenotoxicity of arsenic trioxide in glutathione depleted mouse bone marrow cells: expressions of Nrf2/Keap1/P62. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:223-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1034334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M, Fang PF, Li HD, Hu CP, Yang Y, Cao P, Jiang P, Fan XR. A protective mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis): isoliquiritigenin stimulates detoxification system via Nrf2 activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 162:134-139. [PMID: 25557030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice (Glycyrrhizae radix), the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Leguminosae), is mainly used to moderate the characteristics of toxic herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which could be partly interpreted as detoxification. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in the protection against toxic xenobiotics. In our previous research, we have identified that extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis induced the expression of Nrf2 nuclear protein and its downstream genes. This research aims to screen the most potent Nrf2 inducer isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and examine its effect on Nrf2 signaling pathway and detoxification system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four compounds derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and liquiritin) were screened by ARE-luciferase reporter. The most potent ARE-luciferase inducer was chosen to further examine its effect on Nrf2 and detoxification genes in HepG2 cells. The role of Nrf2-dependent mechanism was tested by using Nrf2 knockout mice (Nrf2 KO) and Nrf2 wild-type mice (Nrf2 WT). RESULTS ARE-luciferase reporter assay showed these four compounds were all potent Nrf2 inducers, and isoliquiritigenin was the most potent inducer. Isoliquiritigenin significantly up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream detoxification genes UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) and bile salt export pump (BSEP) in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, isoliquiritigenin showed Nrf2-dependent transactivation of UGT1A1, GCLC and MRP2. CONCLUSIONS Isoliquiritigenin, isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, stimulates detoxification system via Nrf2 activation, which could be a potential protective mechanism of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Bi-kui Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China.
| | - Ping-fei Fang
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Huan-de Li
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Chun-ping Hu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 100# Shizi Street, Hongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172# Tong Zipo Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410013, China
| | - Xin-rong Fan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Reszka E, Jablonowski Z, Wieczorek E, Jablonska E, Krol MB, Gromadzinska J, Grzegorczyk A, Sosnowski M, Wasowicz W. Polymorphisms of NRF2 and NRF2 target genes in urinary bladder cancer patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1723-31. [PMID: 24919441 PMCID: PMC4160566 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE NRF2 transcription factor is involved in modulation of various antioxidant and metabolic genes and, therefore, may modulate anti-carcinogenic potential. Association between polymorphisms of NRF2 and five NRF2-regulated genes and urinary bladder cancer (BC) risk was analyzed. METHODS The study group included 244 BC patients, while the control group comprised 365 individuals with no evidence of malignancy. Genotyping of GSTM1 (deletion), GSTT1 (deletion), GSTA1 -69C/T (rs3957357), GSTP1 Ile105Val (rs1695), SOD2 Ala16Val (rs4880) and NRF2 -617C/A (rs6721961) in blood genomic DNA was performed by means of real-time PCR assays. The associations between gene polymorphism and BC risk were computed by logistic regression. RESULTS The frequency of GSTA1, GSTP1, SOD2 and NRF2 genotypes did not differ in both groups. A significantly higher BC risk was associated with GSTM1 null genotype after adjusting to age, sex and smoking habit (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.30-2.62; P = 0.001). GSTT1 null (OR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.31-0.81; P = 0.005) and GSTP1 Val105Val (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.27-0.98; P = 0.04) genotypes were associated with reduced BC risk separately or in combination (OR 0.24, 95 % CI 0.11-0.51; P < 0.0001) (P heterogeneity = 0.01). Combined GSTT1 null and SOD2 with at least one 16Val allele among never smokers encompass reduced BC risk (OR 0.14, 95 % CI 0.03-0.63; P = 0.01) (P heterogeneity = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study supports hypothesis that GSTM1 null genotype may be a moderate BC risk factor. The gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with combined GSTP1/GSTT1 and combined GSTT1/SOD2 genetic polymorphisms along with cigarette smoking habit may play a significant role in BC risk modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Reszka
- Department of Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Teresy St. 8, 91-348, Lodz, Poland,
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Nrf2 pathway activation contributes to anti-fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in a rat model of alcohol- and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1031-44. [PMID: 24976156 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on alcohol- and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats and to explore the mechanisms of the effects. METHODS Rats were given 6% alcohol in water and injected with CCl4 (2 mL/kg, sc) twice a week for 8 weeks. Rg1 (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg per day, po) was administered in the last 2 weeks. Hepatic fibrosis was determined by measuring serum biochemical parameters, HE staining, Masson's trichromic staining, and hydroxyproline and α-SMA immunohistochemical staining of liver tissues. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related proteins (Nrf2, Ho-1 and Nqo1) in liver tissues were analyzed. Cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of rats were prepared for in vitro studies. RESULTS In the alcohol- and CCl4-treated rats, Rg1 administration dose-dependently suppressed the marked increases of serum ALT, AST, LDH and ALP levels, inhibited liver inflammation and HSC activation and reduced liver fibrosis scores. Rg1 significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-Px and CAT) and reduced MDA levels in liver tissues. Furthermore, Rg1 significantly increased the expression and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 that regulated the expression of many antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of the cultured HSCs with Rg1 (1 μmol/L) induced Nrf2 translocation, and suppressed CCl4-induced cell proliferation, reversed CCl4- induced changes in MDA, GPX, PCIII and HA contents in the supernatant fluid and α-SMA expression in the cells. Knockdown of Nrf2 gene diminished these actions of Rg1 in CCl4-treated HSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION Rg1 exerts protective effects in a rat model of alcohol- and CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis via promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and expression of antioxidant enzymes.
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Critical role of cellular glutathione homeostasis for trivalent inorganic arsenite-induced oxidative damage in human bronchial epithelial cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 770:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qi Y, Li H, Zhang M, Zhang T, Frank J, Chen G. Autophagy in arsenic carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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García-Niño WR, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Protective effect of curcumin against heavy metals-induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:182-201. [PMID: 24751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposures to heavy metals produce several adverse health effects. The common mechanism determining their toxicity and carcinogenicity is the generation of oxidative stress that leads to hepatic damage. In addition, oxidative stress induced by metal exposure leads to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/antioxidant response elements (Nrf2/Keap1/ARE) pathway. Since antioxidant and chelating agents are generally used for the treatment of heavy metals poisoning, this review is focused on the protective role of curcumin against liver injury induced by heavy metals. Curcumin has shown, in clinical and preclinical studies, numerous biological activities including therapeutic efficacy against various human diseases and anti-hepatotoxic effects against environmental or occupational toxins. Curcumin reduces the hepatotoxicity induced by arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and mercury, prevents histological injury, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, maintains the liver antioxidant enzyme status and protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. The preventive effect of curcumin on the noxious effects induced by heavy metals has been attributed to its scavenging and chelating properties, and/or to the ability to induce the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway. However, additional research is needed in order to propose curcumin as a potential protective agent against liver damage induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverrí
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510 D.F., Mexico.
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Wu T, Zhao F, Gao B, Tan C, Yagishita N, Nakajima T, Wong PK, Chapman E, Fang D, Zhang DD. Hrd1 suppresses Nrf2-mediated cellular protection during liver cirrhosis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:708-22. [PMID: 24636985 PMCID: PMC4015486 DOI: 10.1101/gad.238246.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the salient features of end-stage liver diseases. Using liver tissues from liver cirrhosis patients, we observed up-regulation of the XBP1-Hrd1 arm of the ER stress response pathway and down-regulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response pathway. We further confirmed this negative regulation of Nrf2 by Hrd1 using Hrd1 conditional knockout mice. Down-regulation of Nrf2 was a surprising result, since the high levels of ROS should have inactivated Keap1, the primary ubiquitin ligase regulating Nrf2 levels. Here, we identified Hrd1 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for compromised Nrf2 response during liver cirrhosis. In cirrhotic livers, activation of the XBP1-Hrd1 arm of ER stress transcriptionally up-regulated Hrd1, resulting in enhanced Nrf2 ubiquitylation and degradation and attenuation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our study reveals not only the convergence of ER and oxidative stress response pathways but also the pathological importance of this cross-talk in liver cirrhosis. Finally, we showed the therapeutic importance of targeting Hrd1, rather than Keap1, to prevent Nrf2 loss and suppress liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA:
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Shen T, Chen XM, Harder B, Long M, Wang XN, Lou HX, Wondrak GT, Ren DM, Zhang DD. Plant extracts of the family Lauraceae: a potential resource for chemopreventive agents that activate the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway. PLANTA MEDICA 2014; 80:426-434. [PMID: 24585092 PMCID: PMC4393250 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells and tissues counteract insults from exogenous or endogenous carcinogens through the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes regulated by antioxidant response element promoter regions. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 plays a key role in regulating the antioxidant response elements-target gene expression. Hence, the Nrf2/ARE pathway represents a vital cellular defense mechanism against damage caused by oxidative stress and xenobiotics, and is recognized as a potential molecular target for discovering chemopreventive agents. Using a stable antioxidant response element luciferase reporter cell line derived from human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells combined with a 96-well high-throughput screening system, we have identified a series of plant extracts from the family Lauraceae that harbor Nrf2-inducing effects. These extracts, including Litsea garrettii (ZK-08), Cinnamomum chartophyllum (ZK-02), C. mollifolium (ZK-04), C. camphora var. linaloolifera (ZK-05), and C. burmannii (ZK-10), promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2, enhanced protein expression of Nrf2 and its target genes, and augmented intracellular glutathione levels. Cytoprotective activity of these extracts against two electrophilic toxicants, sodium arsenite and H2O2, was investigated. Treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with extracts of ZK-02, ZK-05, and ZK-10 significantly improved cell survival in response to sodium arsenite and H2O2, while ZK-08 showed a protective effect against only H2O2. Importantly, their protective effects against insults from both sodium arsenite and H2O2 were Nrf2-dependent. Therefore, our data provide evidence that the selected plants from the family Lauraceae are potential sources for chemopreventive agents targeting the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bryan Harder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Min Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Ren
- Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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A combination of metallomics and metabolomics studies to evaluate the effects of metal interactions in mammals. Application to Mus musculus mice under arsenic/cadmium exposure. J Proteomics 2014; 104:66-79. [PMID: 24549004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Arsenic and cadmium are toxic metals of environmental significance with harmful effects on man. To study the toxicological and biochemical effects of arsenic/cadmium in mammals a combined metallomic and metabolomic approach has been developed, complemented with the measurement of biochemical parameters in blood and histopathological evaluation of liver injury in mice Mus musculus under exposure to both xenobiotics. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was combined with affinity chromatography (AF) and ICP-MS detection using species unspecific isotopic dilution analysis (SUID) to characterize the biological effects of As/Cd on selenium containing proteins in the bloodstream of exposed mice. On the other hand, both direct infusion mass spectrometry (DIMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) provided information about changes in metabolites caused by metals. The results show that As/Cd exposure produces interactions in the distribution of both toxics between organs and plasma of mice and antagonistic interactions with selenium containing proteins in the bloodstream. Interplay with essential metabolic pathways, such as energy metabolism and breakdown of membrane phospholipids were observed, which are more pronounced under As/Cd exposure. In addition, heavy metal and metalloid causes differential liver injury, manifested by steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) and infiltration of blood cells into the space of Disse. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This work presents new contributions in the study of arsenic/cadmium interactions in mice Mus musculus under controlled exposure. With the combination of metallomic and metabolomic approaches the traffic of As and Cd from liver to kidney by means of blood was observed and excretion of As (as arsenic metabolites) or Cd (as MTCd) is inhibited with the simultaneous administration of As/Cd, and these toxic elements have important influence in the levels of seleno-proteins in the plasma. In addition, the metabolomic approach reveals inhibition of different metabolic cycles such as tricarboxylic acid and phospholipid degradation that causes membrane damage and apoptosis that is histopathologically confirmed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Environmental and structural proteomics.
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Anwar-Mohamed A, Elshenawy OH, Soshilov AA, Denison MS, Chris Le X, Klotz LO, El-Kadi AOS. Methylated pentavalent arsenic metabolites are bifunctional inducers, as they induce cytochrome P450 1A1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase through AhR- and Nrf2-dependent mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:171-87. [PMID: 24161444 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ultimately leads to the induction of the carcinogen-activating enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in addition to the AhR pathway induces the expression of the NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of As(III) pentavalent metabolites, MMA(V), DMA(V), and TMA(V), on AhR and Nrf2 activation and on the expression of their prototypical downstream targets CYP1A1 and NQO1, respectively. Our results showed that treatment of HepG2 cells with MMA(V), DMA(V), or TMA(V) in the absence and presence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or sulforaphane significantly induced both CYP1A1 and NQO1 at the mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity levels. Furthermore, these metabolites increased the AhR-dependent XRE-driven and the Nrf2-dependent ARE-driven luciferase reporter activities, which coincided with increased nuclear accumulation of both transcription factors. However, none of these metabolites were shown to be AhR ligands. The induction of CYP1A1 by these metabolites seems to be ligand-independent, possibly through a decrease in HSP90 protein expression levels. The metabolites also increased ROS production, which was significantly higher than that produced by As(III). Upon knockdown of AhR and Nrf2 the MMA(V)-, DMA(V)-, and TMA(V)-mediated induction of both CYP1A1 and NQO1 proteins was significantly decreased. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that methylated pentavalent arsenic metabolites are bifunctional inducers, as they increase CYP1A1 by activating the AhR/XRE signaling pathway and they increase NQO1 by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in addition to the AhR/XRE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Anwar-Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Osama H Elshenawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Anatoly A Soshilov
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - X Chris Le
- Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G3
| | - Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha 02713, Qatar.
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Tao S, Zheng Y, Lau A, Jaramillo MC, Chau BT, Lantz RC, Wong PK, Wondrak GT, Zhang DD. Tanshinone I activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response and protects against As(III)-induced lung inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1647-61. [PMID: 23394605 PMCID: PMC3809600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway regulates the cellular antioxidant response and activation of Nrf2 has recently been shown to limit tissue damage from exposure to environmental toxicants, including As(III). In an attempt to identify improved molecular agents for systemic protection against environmental insults, we have focused on the identification of novel medicinal plant-derived Nrf2 activators. RESULTS Tanshinones [tanshinone I (T-I), tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone], phenanthrenequinone-based redox therapeutics derived from the medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, have been tested as experimental therapeutics for Nrf2-dependent cytoprotection. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay overexpressing wild-type or mutant Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), we demonstrate that T-I is a potent Keap1-C151-dependent Nrf2 activator that stabilizes Nrf2 by hindering its ubiquitination. In human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to As(III), T-I displays pronounced cytoprotective activity with upregulation of Nrf2-orchestrated gene expression. In Nrf2 wild-type mice, systemic administration of T-I attenuates As(III) induced inflammatory lung damage, a protective effect not observed in Nrf2 knockout mice. INNOVATION Tanshinones have been identified as a novel class of Nrf2-inducers for antioxidant tissue protection in an in vivo As(III) inhalation model, that is relevant to low doses of environmental exposure. CONCLUSION T-I represents a prototype Nrf2-activator that displays cytoprotective activity upon systemic administration targeting lung damage originating from environmental insults. T-I based Nrf2-directed systemic intervention may provide therapeutic benefit in protecting other organs against environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Tao
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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Tao S, Justiniano R, Zhang DD, Wondrak GT. The Nrf2-inducers tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone protect human skin cells and reconstructed human skin against solar simulated UV. Redox Biol 2013; 1:532-41. [PMID: 24273736 PMCID: PMC3836278 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in skin photocarcinogenesis and photoaging, and an urgent need exists for improved strategies for skin photoprotection. The redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2), a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant defense against environmental electrophilic insult, has recently emerged as an important determinant of cutaneous damage from solar UV, and the concept of pharmacological activation of Nrf2 has attracted considerable attention as a novel approach to skin photoprotection. In this study, we examined feasibility of using tanshinones, a novel class of phenanthrenequinone-based cytoprotective Nrf2 inducers derived from the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, for protection of cultured human skin cells and reconstructed human skin against solar simulated UV. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay in human Hs27 dermal fibroblasts pronounced transcriptional activation of Nrf2 by four major tanshinones [tanshinone I (T-I), dihydrotanshinone (DHT), tanshinone IIA (T-II-A) and cryptotanshinone (CT)] was detected. In fibroblasts, the more potent tanshinones T-I and DHT caused a significant increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination, ultimately resulting in upregulated expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes (GCLC, NQO1) with the elevation of cellular glutathione levels. Similar tanshinone-induced changes were also observed in HaCaT keratinocytes. T-I and DHT pretreatment caused significant suppression of skin cell death induced by solar simulated UV and riboflavin-sensitized UVA. Moreover, feasibility of tanshinone-based cutaneous photoprotection was tested employing a human skin reconstruct exposed to solar simulated UV (80 mJ/cm2 UVB; 1.53 J/cm2 UVA). The occurrence of markers of epidermal solar insult (cleaved procaspase 3, pycnotic nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, acellular cavities) was significantly attenuated in DHT-treated reconstructs that displayed increased immunohistochemical staining for Nrf2 and γ-GCS together with the elevation of total glutathione levels. Taken together, our data suggest the feasibility of achieving tanshinone-based cutaneous Nrf2-activation and photoprotection. Tanshinones are phenanthrenequinone-based Nrf2 inducers active in human skin cells. Tanshinones upregulate Nrf2 target gene expression with the elevation of glutathione. Dihydrotanshinone protects cultured human skin cells against solar simulated UV. Dihydrotanshinone protects reconstructed human skin against acute photodamage.
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Key Words
- CHX, cycloheximide
- CT, cryptotanshinone
- DHT, dihydrotanshinone
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- Dihydrotanshinone
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HMOX1, heme oxygenase-1
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SF, sulforaphane
- SLL, solar simulated UV light
- Skin photoprotection
- Solar simulated ultraviolet light
- T-I, tanshinone I
- T-II-A, tanshinone IIA
- Tanshinone I
- UVA, ultraviolet
- UVB, ultraviolet B
- γ-GCS, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Xi MY, Jia JM, Sun HP, Sun ZY, Jiang JW, Wang YJ, Zhang MY, Zhu JF, Xu LL, Jiang ZY, Xue X, Ye M, Yang X, Gao Y, Tao L, Guo XK, Xu XL, Guo QL, Zhang XJ, Hu R, You QD. 3-aroylmethylene-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-ones as potent Nrf2/ARE inducers in human cancer cells and AOM-DSS treated mice. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7925-38. [PMID: 24053646 DOI: 10.1021/jm400944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE regulates expression of cytoprotective enzymes against oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. We have discovered a novel structure (1) as an ARE inducer via luciferase reporter assay to screen the in-house database of our laboratory. The potency of 1 was evaluated by the expression of NQO-1, HO-1, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HCT116 cells. In vivo potency of 1 was studied using AOM-DSS models, showing that the development of colorectal adenomas was significantly inhibited. Administration with 1 lowered the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicated that 1 is a potent Nrf2/ARE activator, both in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one derivatives were synthesized for SAR study, and a more potent compound 17 was identified. To our knowledge, this is a potent ARE activator. Besides, its novel structure makes it promising for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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Cordova EJ, Valenzuela OL, Sánchez-Peña LC, Escamilla-Guerrero G, Hernández-Zavala A, Orozco L, Razo LMD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor gene variants and susceptibility of arsenic-related skin lesions. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:582-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113506234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is an important pollutant associated with various chronic-degenerative diseases. The cytoprotective protein nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) has been proposed as an important responsive mechanism against iAs exposure. The aim of this study was to determine whether the risk of skin lesions in people exposed to iAs-contaminated water could be modified by the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NRF2 coding gene. We studied 117 individuals with long-term iAs exposure and 120 nonexposed individuals. Total As was determined in water, meanwhile iAs and its metabolites were measured in urine. The iAs-induced skin lesion status was evaluated by expert dermatologists. We sequenced the promoter region of NRF2 in a sample of 120 healthy donors. We found four polymorphisms previously reported and one novel polymorphism in the 5′ regulatory region of the NRF2. In this study, we did not find allelic and genotype association of NRF2 polymorphisms with iAs-related skin lesion. However, the analysis of haplotypes composed by –653GA, and –617CA NRF2 single nucleotide polymorphisms showed a significant association with protection against skin lesions in the low-As exposure group. This is the first report studying the association between NRF2 polymorphisms and susceptibility of As-related skin lesions. Increasing the sample size will allow us to confirm this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- EJ Cordova
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Health Ministry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - OL Valenzuela
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - LC Sánchez-Peña
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - A Hernández-Zavala
- Sección de Investigación y Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Health Ministry, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - LM Del Razo
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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The role of lipoic acid in the protection against of metallic pollutant effects in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Srivastava R, Sengupta A, Mukherjee S, Chatterjee S, Sudarshan M, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya S, Chattopadhyay A. In Vivo Effect of Arsenic Trioxide on Keap1-p62-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mouse Liver: Expression of Antioxidant Responsive Element-Driven Genes Related to Glutathione Metabolism. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2013; 2013:817693. [PMID: 27335833 PMCID: PMC4890898 DOI: 10.1155/2013/817693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a Group I human carcinogen, and chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water is a major threat to human population. Liver is one of the major organs for the detoxification of arsenic. The present study was carried out in mice in vivo after arsenic treatment through drinking water at different doses and time of exposure. Arsenic toxicity is found to be mediated by reactive oxygen species. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)/ARE (antioxidant response element)-driven target gene system protects cells against oxidative stress and maintains cellular oxidative homeostasis. Our result showed 0.4 ppm, 2 ppm, and 4 ppm arsenic trioxide treatment through drinking water for 30 days and 90 days induced damages in the liver of Swiss albino mice as evidenced by histopathology, disturbances in liver function, induction of heat shock protein 70, modulation of trace elements, alteration in reduced glutathione level, glutathione-s-transferase and catalase activity, malondialdehyde production, and induction of apoptosis. Cellular Nrf2 protein level and mRNA level increased in all treatment groups. Keap1 protein as well as mRNA level decreased concomitantly in arsenic treated mice. Our study clearly indicates the important role of Nrf2 in activating ARE driven genes related to GSH metabolic pathway and also the adaptive response mechanisms in arsenic induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Srivastava
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Archya Sengupta
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Sarmishtha Chatterjee
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Muthammal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Shelley Bhattacharya
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
| | - Ansuman Chattopadhyay
- Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Centre for Advanced Studies, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235, India
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Li B, Li X, Zhu B, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Hou Y, Zheng Q, Sun G. Sodium arsenite induced reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 activation, heme oxygenase-1 expression, and glutathione elevation in Chang human hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:401-410. [PMID: 21809430 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver is one of the major target organs of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. Nuclear factor (erythroid-2 related) factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, regulating critically cellular defense responses against the toxic metallic arsenic in many cell types and tissues. This study was conducted to evaluate the hepato-cellular Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant reactions of sodium arsenite exposure in Chang human hepatocytes. Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels were detected by Western blot, and Nrf2-regulated HO-1 mRNA expressions were determined using semiquantitative RT-PCR by 0∼50 μmol/L of sodium arsenite exposure for 2, 6, 12, and 24 h. We also observed the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total cellular glutathione (GSH) by flow cytometry and spectrophotometry, respectively. Our results showed that intracellular ROS were both dose- and time-dependent induced by inorganic arsenic; Cellular Nrf2 protein levels increased rapidly after 2 h of exposure, elevated significantly at 6 h, and reached the maximum at 12 h. The endogenous Nrf2-regulated downstream HO-1 mRNA and protein were also induced dramatically and lasted for as long as 24 h. In addition, intracellular GSH levels elevated in consistent with Nrf2 activation. Our findings here suggest that inorganic arsenic alters cellular redox balance in hepatocytes to trigger Nrf2-regulated antioxidant responses promptly, which may represent an adaptive cell defense mechanism against inorganic arsenic induced liver injuries and hepatoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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