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Zeng L, Huang J, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhou S, Lu Y. Oleanolic acid induces hepatic injury by disrupting hepatocyte tight junction and dysregulation of farnesoid X receptor-mediated bile acid efflux transporters. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1725-1741. [PMID: 39030772 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene compound that has been reported to cause cholestatic liver injury. However, the regulation and pathogenic role of bile acids in OA-induced development of cholestatic liver injury remains largely unclear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor that plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis in the liver by regulating efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OA on hepatocyte tight junction function and determine the role of FXR, BSEP, and MRP2 in the mechanism of impairment of transport of bile acids induced by OA. Both in vivo and in vitro models were used to characterize the OA-induced liver injury. The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to characterize the efflux function of the transporters, and the results showed that OA caused a blockage of bile acids efflux. OA treatment resulted in decreased expression levels of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin. Immunofluorescence results showed that OA treatment significantly reduced the number of bile ducts and the immunofluorescence intensity. Pretreatment with agonists of FXR and MRP2, respectively, in animal experiments attenuated OA-induced liver injury, while pretreatment with inhibitors of BSEP and MRP2 further aggravated OA-induced liver injury. These results suggest that OA inhibits FXR-mediated BSEP and MRP2, leading to impaired bile acid efflux and disruption of tight junctions between liver cells, resulting in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Zhang C, Wang G, Yin X, Gou L, Guo M, Suo F, Zhuang T, Yuan Z, Liu Y, Gu M, Yao R. Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G alleviates obesity and liver steatosis by regulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100976. [PMID: 39263354 PMCID: PMC11388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis and disrupted bile acid (BA) homeostasis are associated with obesity, but the precise mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) plays a pivotal role in regulating glycolipid metabolism; nevertheless, its obesity-combatting potency remains unclear. In this study, a substantial reduction was observed in serum PPP1R3G levels in high-body mass index (BMI) and high-fat diet (HFD)-exposed mice, establishing a positive correlation between PPP1R3G and non-12α-hydroxylated (non-12-OH) BA content. Additionally, hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3g (PPP1R3G HOE) mitigated HFD-induced obesity as evidenced by reduced weight, fat mass, and an improved serum lipid profile; hepatic steatosis alleviation was confirmed by normalized liver enzymes and histology. PPP1R3G HOE considerably impacted systemic BA homeostasis, which notably increased the non-12-OH BAs ratio, particularly lithocholic acid (LCA). 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing assay indicated that PPP1R3G HOE reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and Lactobacillus population, and elevating the relative abundance of Blautia, which exhibited a positive correlation with serum LCA levels. A fecal microbiome transplantation test confirmed that the anti-obesity effect of hepatic PPP1R3G was gut microbiota-dependent. Mechanistically, PPP1R3G HOE markedly suppressed hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol-12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1), and concurrently upregulated oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase and G protein-coupled BA receptor 5 (TGR5) expression under HFD conditions. Furthermore, LCA administration significantly mitigated the HFD-induced obesity phenotype and elevated non-12-OH BA levels. These findings emphasize the significance of hepatic PPP1R3G in ameliorating diet-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis through the gut microbiota-BA axis, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Gui Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221006, China
| | - Feng Suo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zhenya Yuan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
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Karakus E, Proksch AL, Moritz A, Geyer J. Quantitative bile acid profiling in healthy adult dogs and pups from serum, plasma, urine, and feces using LC-MS/MS. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380920. [PMID: 38948668 PMCID: PMC11211631 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and secretion of bile acids (BA) is a key physiological function of the liver. In pathological conditions like portosystemic shunt, hepatic insufficiency, hepatitis, or cirrhosis BA metabolism and secretion are disturbed. Quantification of total serum BA is an established diagnostic method to assess the general liver function and allows early detection of abnormalities, liver disease progression and guidance of treatment decisions. To date, data on comparative BA profiles in dogs are limited. However, BA profiles might be even better diagnostic parameters than total BA concentrations. On this background, the present study analyzed and compared individual BA profiles in serum, plasma, urine, and feces of 10 healthy pups and 40 adult healthy dogs using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was performed by solid-phase extraction for serum, plasma, and urine samples or by protein precipitation with methanol for the feces samples. For each dog, 22 different BA, including unconjugated BA and their glycine and taurine conjugates, were analyzed. In general, there was a great interindividual variation for the concentrations of single BA, mostly exemplified by the fact that cholic acid (CA) was by far the most prominent BA in blood and urine samples of some of the dogs (adults and pups), while in others, CA was under the detection limit. There were no significant age-related differences in the BA profiles, but pups showed generally lower absolute BA concentrations in serum, plasma, and urine. Taurine-conjugated BA were predominant in the serum and plasma of both pups (68%) and adults (74-75%), while unconjugated BA were predominant in the urine and feces of pups (64 and 95%, respectively) and adults (68 and 99%, respectively). The primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid and the secondary BA deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were the most robust analytes for potential diagnostic purpose. In conclusion, this study reports simultaneous BA profiling in dog serum, plasma, urine, and feces and provides valuable diagnostic data for subsequent clinical studies in dogs with different kinds of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Karakus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Clinic of Small Animals—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Taylor R, Yang Z, Henry Z, Capece G, Meadows V, Otersen K, Basaly V, Bhattacharya A, Mera S, Zhou P, Joseph L, Yang I, Brinker A, Buckley B, Kong B, Guo GL. Characterization of individual bile acids in vivo utilizing a novel low bile acid mouse model. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:316-331. [PMID: 38526215 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are signaling molecules synthesized in the liver initially by CYP7A1 and CYP27A1 in the classical and alternative pathways, respectively. BAs are essential for cholesterol clearance, intestinal absorption of lipids, and endogenous modulators of farnesoid x receptor (FXR). FXR is critical in maintaining BA homeostasis and gut-liver crosstalk. Complex reactions in vivo and the lack of suitable animal models impede our understanding of the functions of individual BAs. In this study, we characterized the in vivo effects of three-day feeding of cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at physiological/non-hepatotoxic concentrations in a novel low-BA mouse model (Cyp7a1-/-/Cyp27a1-/-, DKO). Liver injury, BA levels and composition and BA signaling by the FXR-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) axis were determined. Overall, higher basal inflammation and altered lipid metabolism in DKO mice might be associated with low BAs. CA, DCA, and UDCA feeding activated FXR signals with tissue specificity. Dietary CA and DCA similarly altered tissue BA profiles to be less hydrophobic, while UDCA promoted a more hydrophobic tissue BA pool with the profiles shifted toward non-12α-OH BAs and secondary BAs. However, UDCA did not offer any overt protective effects as expected. These findings allow us to determine the precise effects of individual BAs in vivo on BA-FXR signaling and overall BA homeostasis in liver physiology and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulaiha Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Zhenning Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Zakiyah Henry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Gina Capece
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Vik Meadows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Katherine Otersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Veronia Basaly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Anisha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Stephanie Mera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Peihong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Laurie Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Ill Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Anita Brinker
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, VA New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey 07017, USA
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Huang X, Liu X, Li Z. Bile acids and coronavirus disease 2019. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1939-1950. [PMID: 38799626 PMCID: PMC11119507 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been significantly alleviated. However, long-term health effects and prevention strategy remain unresolved. Thus, it is essential to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and intervention for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging research indicates a link between COVID-19 and bile acids, traditionally known for facilitating dietary fat absorption. The bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid potentially protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting the farnesoid X receptor, a bile acid nuclear receptor. The activation of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, another membrane receptor for bile acids, has also been found to regulate the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the receptor through which the virus enters human cells. Here, we review the latest basic and clinical evidence linking bile acids to SARS-CoV-2, and reveal their complicated pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Wang X, Jin Y, Di C, Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Li Z, Ling W. Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1169. [PMID: 38674860 PMCID: PMC11053752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin were considered healthy food agents with tremendous potential to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which they interact with gut microbiota to exert benefits are largely unknown. After 8 weeks of NAFLD modeling, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with a medium or high dose of Silybum marianum extract contained silymarin or polyherbal extract contained silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin for 16 weeks, respectively. The untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used for molecular mechanisms exploration. The intervention of silymarin and polyherbal extract significantly improved liver steatosis and recovered liver function in the mice, accompanied by an increase in probiotics like Akkermansia and Blautia, and suppressed Clostridium, which related to changes in the bile acids profile in feces and serum. Fecal microbiome transplantation confirmed that this alteration of microbiota and its metabolites were responsible for the improvement in NAFLD. The present study substantiated that alterations of the gut microbiota upon silymarin and polyherbal extract intervention have beneficial effects on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and suggested the pivotal role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the amelioration of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Di
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Yao S, Ren S, Cai C, Cao X, Shi Y, Wu P, Ye Y. Glycocholic acid supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated tissue damage in the liver and intestine in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed a high-pectin diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:41-57. [PMID: 36454392 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a study on the anti-nutritional effect of dietary fiber, it was noticed that a high-pectin diet (PEC diet) caused growth retardation, hepatic cholestasis, steatosis, fibrosis, and enteritis accompanied by decreased glycocholic acid (GCA) in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. This study was conducted to investigate the potential alleviating effects of supplementation with GCA. A PEC diet and a diet supplemented with 0.6 g kg-1 GCA based on the PEC diet (named the GCA diet) were formulated and randomly fed to juvenile Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Compared to fish that were fed the PEC diet for 7 days, the GCA content in liver increased significantly in fish fed the GCA diet, the incidence of abnormal liver color, gallbladder somatic index (GBSI), total bile acid concentration in serum and liver, and the expression of arnesoid X receptor gene (fxr) upregulated and genes involved in bile acid (BA) synthesis and uptake in liver decreased significantly. After 56 days, the SGR, the expression of fxr and genes involved in BA synthesis and transportation in the liver, the serum content of total bilirubin, total protein, and globulin were significantly higher, while the hepatosomatic index, GBSI, liver lipid and collagen content, and the incidence of distal intestine tissue damage were lower in fish fed the GCA diet than in those fed the PEC diet. These results suggested that GCA improved growth performance and alleviated hepatic cholestasis and tissue damage to the liver and intestine induced by a high-pectin diet, which might occur through activating FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Yao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjie Ren
- College of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiamin Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shi
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantu Ye
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yin Q, Yu J, Li J, Zhang T, Wang T, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Yao J. Enhancing milk quality and modulating rectal microbiota of dairy goats in starch-rich diet: the role of bile acid supplementation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:7. [PMID: 38247003 PMCID: PMC10801996 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in starch have been shown to increase a risk of reducing milk fat content in dairy goats. While bile acids (BAs) have been used as a lipid emulsifier in monogastric and aquatic animals, their effect on ruminants is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of BAs supplementation on various aspects of dairy goat physiology, including milk composition, rumen fermentation, gut microbiota, and BA metabolism. RESULTS We randomly divided eighteen healthy primiparity lactating dairy goats (days in milk = 100 ± 6 d) into two groups and supplemented them with 0 or 4 g/d of BAs undergoing 5 weeks of feeding on a starch-rich diet. The results showed that BAs supplementation positively influenced milk yield and improved the quality of fatty acids in goat milk. BAs supplementation led to a reduction in saturated fatty acids (C16:0) and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-9 C18:1), resulting in a healthier milk fatty acid profile. We observed a significant increase in plasma total bile acid concentration while the proportion of rumen short-chain fatty acids was not affected. Furthermore, BAs supplementation induced significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, favoring the enrichment of specific bacterial groups and altering the balance of microbial populations. Correlation analysis revealed associations between specific bacterial groups (Bacillus and Christensenellaceae R-7 group) and BA types, suggesting a role for the gut microbiota in BA metabolism. Functional prediction analysis revealed notable changes in pathways associated with lipid metabolism, suggesting that BAs supplementation has the potential to modulate lipid-related processes. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential benefits of BAs supplementation in enhancing milk production, improving milk quality, and influencing metabolic pathways in dairy goats. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the broader implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Junjian Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- DAYU Bioengineering (Xi'an) Industrial Development Research Institute, Xi'an, 710000, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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9
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Lastuvkova H, Nova Z, Hroch M, Alaei Faradonbeh F, Schreiberova J, Mokry J, Faistova H, Stefela A, Dusek J, Kucera O, Hyspler R, Dohnalkova E, Bayer RL, Hirsova P, Pavek P, Micuda S. Carvedilol impairs bile acid homeostasis in mice: implication for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:200-217. [PMID: 37632784 PMCID: PMC10682974 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is a widely used beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist for multiple cardiovascular indications; however, it may induce cholestasis in patients, but the mechanism for this effect is unclear. Carvedilol also prevents the development of various forms of experimental liver injury, but its effect on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the effect of carvedilol (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) on bile formation and bile acid (BA) turnover in male C57BL/6 mice consuming either a chow diet or a western-type NASH-inducing diet. BAs were profiled by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and BA-related enzymes, transporters, and regulators were evaluated by western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. In chow diet-fed mice, carvedilol increased plasma concentrations of BAs resulting from reduced BA uptake to hepatocytes via Ntcp transporter downregulation. Inhibition of the β-adrenoreceptor-cAMP-Epac1-Ntcp pathway by carvedilol may be the post-transcriptional mechanism underlying this effect. In contrast, carvedilol did not worsen the deterioration of BA homeostasis accompanying NASH; however, it shifted the spectra of BAs toward more hydrophilic and less toxic α-muricholic and hyocholic acids. This positive effect of carvedilol was associated with a significant attenuation of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH mice. In conclusion, our results indicate that carvedilol may increase BAs in plasma by modifying their liver transport. In addition, carvedilol provided significant hepatoprotection in a NASH murine model without worsening BA accumulation. These data suggest beneficial effects of carvedilol in patients at high risk for developing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lastuvkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Fatemeh Alaei Faradonbeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Schreiberova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Faistova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Stefela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kucera
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Hyspler
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Dohnalkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel L Bayer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Wang H, Tian Q, Xu Z, Du M, Zhu MJ. Metabolomic profiling for the preventive effects of dietary grape pomace against colorectal cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109308. [PMID: 36868505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Grape pomace (GP) is a rich source of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We recently found that dietary GP had protective effects against CRC development in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) CRC mouse model through suppression of cell proliferation and modulation of DNA methylation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with changes in metabolites remain unexamined. This study profiled fecal metabolomic changes in a mouse CRC model in response to GP supplementation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomic analysis. A total of 29 compounds showed significant changes due to GP supplementation, including bile acids, amino acids, fatty acids, phenols/flavonoids, glycerolipids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and others. The major changes in metabolites of feces include increased deoxycholic acid (DCA) and decreased amino acid content. Dietary GP upregulated the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) downstream genes while decreasing fecal urease activity. DNA repair enzyme MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) was upregulated by GP supplementation. Consistently, γ-H2AX, as a DNA damage marker, decreased in GP supplemented mice. Moreover, MDM2, a protein in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling, was decreased by GP supplementation. These data provided valuable metabolic clues for unraveling the protective effects of GP supplementation against CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Tian
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,; Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhixin Xu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA,.
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12
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Majait S, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper M, Soeters M. The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031816. [PMID: 36768140 PMCID: PMC9916144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the potential role of the gut microbiome and bile acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed, with a special reference to low bacterial alpha diversity. Certain bile acid effects on gut bacteria concern cytotoxicity, or in the case of the microbiome, bacteriotoxicity. Reciprocally, the gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating the bile acid pool by influencing the conversion and (de)conjugation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Three main groups of bacterial enzymes responsible for the conversion of bile acids are bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) and enzymes encoded in the bile acid inducible (Bai) operon genes. Interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation can impact bile acids levels. Further evidence of the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids comes from a multitude of nutritional interventions including macronutrients, fibers, prebiotics, specific individual products or diets. Finally, anatomical changes after bariatric surgery are important because of their metabolic effects. The heterogeneity of studies, diseases, bacterial species and (epi)genetic influences such as nutrition may challenge establishing specific and detailed interventions that aim to tackle the gut microbiome and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abstract
Bile acids wear many hats, including those of an emulsifier to facilitate nutrient absorption, a cholesterol metabolite, and a signaling molecule in various tissues modulating itching to metabolism and cellular functions. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver but exhibit wide-ranging effects indicating their ability to mediate organ-organ crosstalk. So, how does a steroid metabolite orchestrate such diverse functions? Despite the inherent chemical similarity, the side chain decorations alter the chemistry and biology of the different bile acid species and their preferences to bind downstream receptors distinctly. Identification of new modifications in bile acids is burgeoning, and some of it is associated with the microbiota within the intestine. Here, we provide a brief overview of the history and the various receptors that mediate bile acid signaling in addition to its crosstalk with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk
- Correspondence: Sayeepriyadarshini Anakk, PhD, Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 506 S Mathews Ave, 453 Medical Sciences Bldg, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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14
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Cao Y, Aquino-Martinez R, Hutchison E, Allayee H, Lusis AJ, Rey FE. Role of gut microbe-derived metabolites in cardiometabolic diseases: Systems based approach. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101557. [PMID: 35870705 PMCID: PMC9399267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome influences host physiology and cardiometabolic diseases by interacting directly with intestinal cells or by producing molecules that enter the host circulation. Given the large number of microbial species present in the gut and the numerous factors that influence gut bacterial composition, it has been challenging to understand the underlying biological mechanisms that modulate risk of cardiometabolic disease. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here we discuss a systems-based approach that involves simultaneously examining individuals in populations for gut microbiome composition, molecular traits using "omics" technologies, such as circulating metabolites quantified by mass spectrometry, and clinical traits. We summarize findings from landmark studies using this approach and discuss future applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Population-based integrative approaches have identified a large number of microbe-derived or microbe-modified metabolites that are associated with cardiometabolic traits. The knowledge gained from these studies provide new opportunities for understanding the mechanisms involved in gut microbiome-host interactions and may have potentially important implications for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruben Aquino-Martinez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evan Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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Renal Farnesoid X Receptor improves high fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in mice by inhibiting DNM3 to promote nitro oxide production. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1577-1588. [PMID: 35792095 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is highly expressed in renal tubules, activation of which attenuates renal injury by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis. However, whether renal FXR contributes to the regulation of blood pressure (BP) is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypertensive effect of renal FXR on high-fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension and underlying mechanism. METHODS Hypertension was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by 20% fructose in drinking water with 4% sodium chloride in diet (HFS) for 8 weeks. The effects of FXR on NO production were estimated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Compared with control, HFS intake elevated BP, enhanced renal injury and reduced renal NO levels as well as FXR expression in the kidney of mice. In the mouse renal collecting duct cells mIMCD-K2, FXR agonists promoted NO production by enhancing the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas this effect was diminished by fxr knockdown. We further found that Dynamin 3 (DNM3), a binding protein with nNOS in the renal medulla, was inhibited by FXR and its deficiency elevated NO production in mIMCD-K2 cells. In HFS-fed mice, renal fxr overexpression significantly attenuated hypertension and renal fibrosis, regulated the expression of DNM3/nNOS/iNOS, and increased renal NO levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that renal FXR prevents HFS-induced hypertension by inhibiting DNM3 to promote NO production. These findings provide insights into the role and potential mechanism of renal FXR for the treatment of hypertension.
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16
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The Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Metabolic Regulatory System of Cecum in Rabbit with Diarrhea. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091194. [PMID: 35565618 PMCID: PMC9099945 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the comprehensive prohibition of antibiotics in the feed industry in China, the incidence of diarrhea in rabbits increased, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, and excretion of atheromatous feces. In order to explore the pathological and the molecular mechanisms of the diarrhea in the rabbitry fed with antibiotic-free diet, we used microbial metagenomics, transcriptome, and non-targeted metabolomics sequencing. The results showed that the Firmicutes level was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and the Proteobacteria level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The functional enrichment of cecum revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in immune, inflammatory, and metabolic processes. The enrichment of the cecal fecal metabolites focused on the bile secretion, antifolate resistance, and tryptophan metabolism pathways, which are mainly associated with inflammation. The results of correlation analysis showed that Fournierella was positively correlated with myricetin, ursolic acid, and furtherly might cause bile secretion and tryptophan metabolism disorder, aggravate intestinal inflammation, change intestinal permeability, and reduce host immunity, leading to diarrhea in rabbits. This study provides a theoretical basis for illustrating the reason for diarrhea and developing new feeds for the health of rabbits.
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17
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Acrylamide induced glucose metabolism disorder in rats involves gut microbiota dysbiosis and changed bile acids metabolism. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Zhuang Q, Cheng J, Xia J, Ning M, Wu S, Shen S, Shi Y, Huang D, Dong Z, Wan X. Gypenosides Prevent and Dissolve Cholesterol Gallstones by Modulating the Homeostasis of Cholesterol and Bile Acids. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:818144. [PMID: 35445045 PMCID: PMC9013900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides (GPs), obtained from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, have been traditionally prescribed to treat metabolic disorders in Asians. This study assessed whether GPs could prevent lithogenic diet (LD)-induced cholesterol gallstone (CG) formation and enhance CG dissolution in mice. Gallstone-susceptible C57BL/6J mice were fed an LD or normal chow, with or without GPs. Bile acids (BAs) in gallbladder bile were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed hepatic genes were identified by RNA sequencing, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. GPs were found to prevent LD-induced CG formation and to dissolve pre-existing LD-induced CGs. GPs reduced total cholesterol levels and increased BA levels in bile, as well as reducing the BA Hydrophobicity Index, ratio of 12α-hydroxylated (12α-OH) to non-12α-OH BAs, and Cholesterol Saturation Index in gallbladder bile. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that GPs-induced genes were involved in BA biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism. GPs increased the hepatic expression of genes encoding the cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1, and Cyp8b1, while decreasing the hepatic expression of genes encoding the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (Abc) transporters Abcg5 and Abcg8. GPs may be a promising strategy for preventing and dissolving CGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhuang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinnian Cheng
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ning
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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19
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He Q, Liu L, Wei J, Jiang J, Rong Z, Chen X, Zhao J, Jiang K. Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:158. [PMID: 35379788 PMCID: PMC8979943 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the focus of basic and clinical research. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of gastric IM. However, more and more studies have shown that chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux is the key pathogenic factor of gastric IM. Bile reflux activates the expression of IM biomarkers via the bile acid receptor. In addition, microRNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics are also involved in the occurrence and development of bile acid-induced gastric IM. Currently, the relevant research is still very few. The molecular mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells induced by bile acids has not been fully understood. This article mainly reviews the physiology and pathology of bile acid, mechanism of gastric IM induced by bile acid, bile acid receptors, and so on, in order to provide reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jingge Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jiaying Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zheng Rong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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20
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Feng H, Hu Y, Zhou S, Lu Y. Farnesoid X receptor contributes to oleanolic acid‐induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1323-1336. [PMID: 35128688 PMCID: PMC9546401 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor involved in the metabolism of bile acid. However, the molecular signaling of FXR in bile acid homeostasis in cholestatic drug‐induced liver injury remains unclear. Oleanolic acid (OA), a natural triterpenoid, has been reported to produce evident cholestatic liver injury in mice after a long‐term use. The present study aimed to investigate the role of FXR in OA‐induced cholestatic liver injury in mice using C57BL/6J (WT) mice and FXR knockout (FXR−/−) mice. The results showed that a significant alleviation in OA‐induced cholestatic liver injury was observed in FXR−/− mice as evidenced by decreases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase as well as reduced hepatocyte necrosis. UPLC‐MS analysis of bile acids revealed that the contents of bile acids decreased significantly in liver and serum, while increased in the bile in FXR−/− mice compared with in WT mice. In addition, the mRNA expressions of hepatic transporter Bsep, bile acid synthesis enzymes Bacs and Baat, and bile acids detoxifying enzymes Cyp3a11, Cyp2b10, Ephx1, Ugt1a1, and Ugt2b5 were increased in liver tissues of FXR−/− mice treated with OA. Furthermore, the expression of membrane protein BSEP was significantly higher in livers of FXR−/− mice compared with WT mice treated with OA. These results demonstrate that knockout of FXR may alleviate OA‐induced cholestatic liver injury in mice by decreasing accumulation of bile acids both in the liver and serum, increasing the export of bile acids via the bile, and by upregulation of bile acids detoxification enzymes. Oleanolic acid (OA) induces cholestatic liver injury in mice after a long‐term use. Here we demonstrated a significant alleviation in OA‐induced cholestatic liver injury in Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) knockout (FXR‐/‐) mice as compared to the wildtype mice. Downregulation of FXR decreased contents of bile acids in liver and serum, while increased the contents in the bile. In addition, the expression of membrane protein BSEP was significantly higher in livers of FXR‐/‐ mice compared to WT mice treated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Feng
- People’s Hospital of Zunyi City Bo Zhou District Zunyi Guizhou China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou China
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of the Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou China
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21
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Cao X, Ren S, Cai C, Ni Q, Li X, Meng Y, Meng Z, Shi Y, Chen H, Jiang R, Wu P, Ye Y. Dietary pectin caused great changes in bile acid profiles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:2015-2025. [PMID: 34709495 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the impact of dietary fiber (DF) on the bile acid (BA) profiles of fish, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) were fed a diet containing 300 g kg-1 dextrin (CON diet, control) or pectin (a type of soluble DF, PEC diet) for 7 days, and then the BA profiles were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. A total of 26 individuals of BAs were detected in the fish body, with 8, 10, 14, and 22 individuals of BAs detected in the liver, serum, bile, and hindgut digesta, respectively. The conjugated BAs (CBAs) of fish were dominated by taurine CBAs (TCBAs). The concentrations of free BAs (FBAs) and the value of FBAs/CBAs in the bile of fish fed the PEC diet were nearly 5 and 7 times higher, respectively than those in fish fed the CON diet. The value of glycine CBAs/TCBAs in the liver, serum and bile of fish fed the PEC diet was significantly lower, and in the hindgut digesta was higher than that of fish fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). These results suggested that dietary pectin greatly changed the BA profiles of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, attributed to inhibition of reabsorption of BAs. Therefore, attention should be paid to the impact on BA homeostasis when replacing fishmeal with DF-rich plant ingredients in the fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiamin Cao
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengjie Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Meng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Meng
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangen Chen
- Jiangsu Fisheries Technology Promotion Center, Nanjing, 210036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Wuxi Sanzhi Biotech Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantu Ye
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
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22
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Choudhuri S, Klaassen CD. MOLECULAR REGULATION OF BILE ACID HOMEOSTASIS. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:425-455. [PMID: 34686523 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids have been known for decades to aid in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestine. The development of gene knockout mice models and transgenic humanized mouse models have helped us understand other function of bile acids, such as their role in modulating fat, glucose, and energy metabolism, and in the molecular regulation of the synthesis, transport, and homeostasis of bile acids. The G-protein coupled receptor TGR5 regulates the bile acid induced alterations of intermediary metabolism, while the nuclear receptor FXR regulates bile acid synthesis and homeostasis. However, this review indicates that unidentified factors in addition to FXR must exist to aid in the regulation of bile acid synthesis and homeostasis. Significance Statement This review captures the present understanding of bile acid synthesis, the role of bile acid transporters in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, the role of the nuclear receptor FXR on the regulation of bile acid synthesis and bile acid transporters, and the importance of bile acids in activating GPCR signaling via TGR5 to modify intermediary metabolism. This information is useful for developing drugs for the treatment of various hepatic and intestinal diseases, as well as the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Univ Washington, United States
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23
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Li R, Palmiotti A, de Vries HD, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Mulder NL, Zhang Y, Kats K, Bloks VW, Fu J, Verkade HJ, de Boer JF, Kuipers F. Low production of 12α-hydroxylated bile acids prevents hepatic steatosis in Cyp2c70 -/- mice by reducing fat absorption. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100134. [PMID: 34626589 PMCID: PMC8596750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play important roles in lipid homeostasis and BA signaling pathways serve as therapeutic targets for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, we generated Cyp2c70-/- mice with a human-like BA composition lacking mouse/rat-specific muricholic acids (MCAs) to accelerate translation from mice to humans. We employed this model to assess the consequences of a human-like BA pool on diet-induced obesity and NAFLD development. Male and female Cyp2c70-/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were challenged with a 12-week Western-type high-fat diet (WTD) supplemented with 0.25% cholesterol. Cyp2c70-deficiency induced a hydrophobic BA pool with high abundances of chenodeoxycholic acid, particularly in females, due to sex-dependent suppression of sterol 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1). Plasma transaminases were elevated and hepatic fibrosis was present in Cyp2c70-/- mice, especially in females. Surprisingly, female Cyp2c70-/- mice were resistant to WTD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis while male Cyp2c70-/- mice showed similar adiposity and moderately reduced steatosis compared to WT controls. Both intestinal cholesterol and fatty acid absorption were reduced in Cyp2c70-/- mice, the latter more strongly in females, despite unaffected biliary BA secretion rates. Intriguingly, the biliary ratio 12α-/non-12α-hydroxylated BAs significantly correlated with fatty acid absorption and hepatic triglyceride content as well as with specific changes in gut microbiome composition. The hydrophobic human-like BA pool in Cyp2c70-/- mice prevents WTD-induced obesity in female mice and NAFLD development in both genders, primarily due to impaired intestinal fat absorption. Our data point to a key role for 12α-hydroxylated BAs in control of intestinal fat absorption and modulation of gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde D de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Milaine V Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Kats
- Department of Biomedical Science of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J Verkade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Ocvirk S, O'Keefe SJD. Dietary fat, bile acid metabolism and colorectal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:347-355. [PMID: 33069873 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is predominantly driven by environmental factors, in particular diet. A high intake of dietary fat has been implicated as a risk factor inducing the formation of pre-neoplastic lesions (e.g., adenomatous polyps) and/or exacerbating colonic tumorigenesis. Recent data attributed the tumor-promoting activity of high-fat diets to their effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolism, in particular with regard to bile acids. Bile acids are synthesized in the liver in response to dietary fat and facilitate lipid absorption in the small intestine. The majority of bile acids is re-absorbed during small intestinal transit and subjected to enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids entering the colon undergo complex biotransformation performed by gut bacteria, resulting in secondary bile acids that show tumor-promoting activity. Excessive dietary fat leads to high levels of secondary bile acids in feces and primes the gut microbiota to bile acid metabolism. This promotes an altered overall bile acid pool, which activates or restricts intestinal and hepatic cross-signaling of the bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Recent studies provided evidence that FXR is a main regulator of bile acid-mediated effects on intestinal tumorigenesis integrating dietary, microbial and genetic risk factors for CRC. Selective FXR agonist or antagonist activity by specific bile acids depends on additional factors (e.g., bile acid concentration, composition of bile acid pool, genetic instability of cells) and, thus, may differ in healthy and tumorigenic conditions in the intestine. In conclusion, fat-mediated alterations of the gut microbiota link bile acid metabolism to CRC risk and colonic tumorigenesis, exemplifying how gut microbial co-metabolism affects colon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Ocvirk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Secondary (iso)BAs cooperate with endogenous ligands to activate FXR under physiological and pathological conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166153. [PMID: 33895309 PMCID: PMC8177068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IsoBAs, stereoisomers of primary and secondary BAs, are found in feces and plasma of human individuals. BA signaling via the nuclear receptor FXR is crucial for regulation of hepatic and intestinal physiology/pathophysiology. AIM Investigate the ability of BA-stereoisomers to bind and modulate FXR under physiological/pathological conditions. METHODS Expression-profiling, luciferase-assays, fluorescence-based coactivator-association assays, administration of (iso)-BAs to WT and cholestatic mice. RESULTS Compared to CDCA/isoCDCA, administration of DCA/isoDCA, UDCA/isoUDCA only slightly increased mRNA expression of FXR target genes; the induction was more evident looking at pre-mRNAs. Notably, almost 50% of isoBAs were metabolized to 3-oxo-BAs within 4 h in cell-based assays, making it difficult to study their actions. FRET-based real-time monitoring of FXR activity revealed that isoCDCA>CDCA stimulated FXR, and isoDCA and isoUDCA allowed fully activated FXR to be re-stimulated by a second dose of GW4064. In vivo co-administration of a single dose of isoBAs followed by GW4064 cooperatively activated FXR, as did feeding of UDCA in a background of endogenous FXR ligands. However, in animals with biliary obstruction and concomitant loss of intestinal BAs, UDCA was unable to increase intestinal Fgf15. In contrast, mice with an impaired enterohepatic circulation of BAs (Asbt-/-, Ostα-/-), administration of UDCA was still able to induce ileal Fgf15 and repress hepatic BA-synthesis, arguing that UDCA is only effective in the presence of endogenous FXR ligands. CONCLUSION Secondary (iso)BAs cooperatively activate FXR in the presence of endogenous BAs, which is important to consider in diseases linked to disturbances in BA enterohepatic cycling.
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26
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Ma Y, Harris J, Li P, Cao H. Long noncoding RNAs-a new dimension in the molecular architecture of the bile acid/FXR pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 525:111191. [PMID: 33539963 PMCID: PMC8437140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids, regarded as the body's detergent for digesting lipids, also function as critical signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the body. Bile acids are the natural ligands of the nuclear receptor, FXR, which controls an intricate network of cellular pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In recent years, growing evidence supports that many cellular actions of the bile acid/FXR pathway are mediated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and lncRNAs are in turn powerful regulators of bile acid levels and FXR activities. In this review, we highlight the substantial progress made in the understanding of the functional and mechanistic role of lncRNAs in bile acid metabolism and how lncRNAs connect bile acid activity to additional metabolic processes. We also discuss the potential of lncRNA studies in elucidating novel molecular mechanisms of the bile acid/FXR pathway and the promise of lncRNAs as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for diseases associated with altered bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Ma
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jamie Harris
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haiming Cao
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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27
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Fiorucci S, Distrutti E, Carino A, Zampella A, Biagioli M. Bile acids and their receptors in metabolic disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 82:101094. [PMID: 33636214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are a large family of atypical steroids which exert their functions by binding to a family of ubiquitous cell membrane and nuclear receptors. There are two main bile acid activated receptors, FXR and GPBAR1, that are exclusively activated by bile acids, while other receptors CAR, LXRs, PXR, RORγT, S1PR2and VDR are activated by bile acids in addition to other more selective endogenous ligands. In the intestine, activation of FXR and GPBAR1 promotes the release of FGF15/19 and GLP1 which integrate their signaling with direct effects exerted by theother receptors in target tissues. This network is tuned in a time ordered manner by circadian rhythm and is critical for the regulation of metabolic process including autophagy, fast-to-feed transition, lipid and glucose metabolism, energy balance and immune responses. In the last decade FXR ligands have entered clinical trials but development of systemic FXR agonists has been proven challenging because their side effects including increased levels of cholesterol and Low Density Lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c) and reduced High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). In addition, pruritus has emerged as a common, dose related, side effect of FXR ligands. Intestinal-restricted FXR and GPBAR1 agonists and dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonists have been developed. Here we review the last decade in bile acids physiology and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli, Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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28
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Lefort C, Cani PD. The Liver under the Spotlight: Bile Acids and Oxysterols as Pivotal Actors Controlling Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020400. [PMID: 33669184 PMCID: PMC7919658 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the myriad of molecules produced by the liver, both bile acids and their precursors, the oxysterols are becoming pivotal bioactive lipids which have been underestimated for a long time. Their actions are ranging from regulation of energy homeostasis (i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism) to inflammation and immunity, thereby opening the avenue to new treatments to tackle metabolic disorders associated with obesity (e.g., type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis) and inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the biosynthesis of these endocrine factors including their interconnection with the gut microbiota and their impact on host homeostasis as well as their attractive potential for the development of therapeutic strategies for metabolic disorders.
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29
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Ma C, Guo Y, Klaassen CD. Effect of Gender and Various Diets on Bile Acid Profile and Related Genes in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:62-71. [PMID: 33093018 PMCID: PMC7804885 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important factor for many diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that several diets had remarkable effects on bile acid (BA) homeostasis, but no comprehensive information for both genders has been reported. Therefore, the current study characterized the nine most used laboratory animal diets fed to both genders of mice for a comparable evaluation of the topic. The results revealed that marked gender difference of BA homeostasis is ubiquitous in mice fed the various diets, and of the nine diets fed to mice, the atherogenic and calorie-restricted diets had the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, followed by the laboratory chow and essential fatty acid-deficient diets. More specifically, females had higher concentrations of total BAs in serum when fed six of the nine diets compared with male mice, and 26 of the 35 BA-related genes had marked gender difference in mice fed at least one diet. Although mice fed the calorie-restricted and atherogenic diets had increased BA, which was more pronounced in serum than liver, the intestinal farnesoid X nuclear receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis changed in the opposite direction and resulted in different hepatic expression patterns of Cyp7a1 Compared with AIN-93M purified diet, higher hepatic expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 was the only alteration in mice fed the laboratory chow diet. The other diets had little or no effect on BA concentrations in the liver and plasma or in the expression of BA-related genes. This study indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Previous evidence suggested that various diets have effect on bile acid (BA) homeostasis; however, it is not possible to directly compare these findings, as they are all from different studies. The current study was the first to systematically investigate the influence of the nine most used experimental mouse diets on BA homeostasis and potential mechanism in both genders of mice and indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, which will aid future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
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Appelman MD, van der Veen SW, van Mil SWC. Post-Translational Modifications of FXR; Implications for Cholestasis and Obesity-Related Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:729828. [PMID: 34646233 PMCID: PMC8503269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.729828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor which is activated by bile acids. Bile acids function in solubilization of dietary fats and vitamins in the intestine. In addition, bile acids have been increasingly recognized to act as signaling molecules involved in energy metabolism pathways, amongst others via activating FXR. Upon activation by bile acids, FXR controls the expression of many genes involved in bile acid, lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. An inability to properly use and store energy substrates may predispose to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, cholestasis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These diseases arise through a complex interplay between genetics, environment and nutrition. Due to its function in metabolism, FXR is an attractive treatment target for these disorders. The regulation of FXR expression and activity occurs both at the transcriptional and at the post-transcriptional level. It has been shown that FXR can be phosphorylated, SUMOylated and acetylated, amongst other modifications, and that these modifications have functional consequences for DNA and ligand binding, heterodimerization and subcellular localization of FXR. In addition, these post-translational modifications may selectively increase or decrease transcription of certain target genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the posttranslational modifications of FXR and discuss their potential involvement in cholestatic and metabolic disorders.
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Sun R, Kong B, Yang N, Cao B, Feng D, Yu X, Ge C, Feng S, Fei F, Huang J, Lu Z, Xie Y, Yang CS, Guo GL, Wang G, Aa J. The Hypoglycemic Effect of Berberine and Berberrubine Involves Modulation of Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Pathway and Inhibition of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 49:276-286. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Gaikwad NW. Bileome: The bile acid metabolome of rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:458-466. [PMID: 32977942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) play a vital physiological role in vivo. They are not only detergent of dietary lipids and nutrients, but also important hormones or nutrient signaling molecules in metabolic regulation process. Recent studies have also shown BA involvement in various cancers and diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and liver diseases. However, majority of the reported literature about BA is restricted to enterohepatic circulation. Hitherto, there has been no comprehensive study of the BA profile in all the major tissue and biofluids in rat has been reported. In this first bileomics study, BA profile of 14 different rat biological specimens (liver, serum, kidney, heart, stomach, ovary, mammary, uterus, small intestine, big intestine, spleen, brain, feces and urine) were studied by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Here I report the comprehensive identification and measurements of bile acids, the bileome, in rat. PCA analysis show distinct separate clusters of tissues as well as biofluids based on BA composition profile. Furthermore, we found that BA profiles of the organs that are involved in enterohepatic circulation were different than the other organs. Most of BA in brain, spleen, heart, ovary, urine, feces and uterus were in the unamidated form, and LCA and MOCA are the most abundant BAs in these organs. Whereas, most of BAs in liver, serum, mammary, large intestine, small intestine, stomach and kidney existed in amidated form, and TCA and T-β-MCA are primary BAs. Finally, first time, BAs are found and measured in kidney, heart, stomach, ovary, mammary, uterus, and spleen of rats.
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Kuang J, Zheng X, Huang F, Wang S, Li M, Zhao M, Sang C, Ge K, Li Y, Li J, Rajani C, Ma X, Zhou S, Zhao A, Jia W. Anti-Adipogenic Effect of Theabrownin Is Mediated by Bile Acid Alternative Synthesis via Gut Microbiota Remodeling. Metabolites 2020; 10:E475. [PMID: 33238385 PMCID: PMC7700314 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theabrownin is one of the most bioactive compounds in Pu-erh tea. Our previous study revealed that the hypocholesterolemic effect of theabrownin was mediated by the modulation of bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-enriched gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. In this study, we demonstrated that theabrownin ameliorated high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity by modifying gut microbiota, especially those with 7α-dehydroxylation on the species level, and these changed microbes were positively correlated with secondary bile acid (BA) metabolism. Thus, altered intestinal BAs resulted in shifting bile acid biosynthesis from the classic to the alternative pathway. This shift changed the BA pool by increasing non-12α-hydroxylated-BAs (non-12OH-BAs) and decreasing 12α-hydroxylated BAs (12OH-BAs), which improved energy metabolism in white and brown adipose tissue. This study showed that theabrownin was a potential therapeutic modality for obesity and other metabolic disorders via gut microbiota-driven bile acid alternative synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Kuang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Shouli Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mengci Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chao Sang
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kun Ge
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Yitao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiufeng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; (X.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tasly Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China; (X.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; (J.K.); (X.Z.); (F.H.); (S.W.); (M.L.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (K.G.); (A.Z.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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Zeng BB, Zhang LY, Chen C, Zhang TT, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Li ZJ, Wang YM. Sea Cucumber Sterol Alleviates the Lipid Accumulation in High-Fat-Fructose Diet Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9707-9717. [PMID: 32786870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of marine-derived sea cucumber sterol (SS) with a special sulfate group on lipid accumulation remains unknown, although phytosterol has been proved to have many biological activities, including lowering blood cholesterol. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the alleviation of SS on lipid accumulation and the possible underlying mechanism using high-fat-fructose diet fed mice. Dietary administration with SS for 8 weeks reduced significantly the body weight gain and lipid levels in serum and liver. Especially, SS was superior to phytosterol in lowering lipid accumulation due to the great promotion of fatty acid β-oxidation, the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and the acceleration of cholesterol efflux. The findings found that sea cucumber sterol exhibited a more significant effect than phytosterol on alleviating HFF-diet-induced lipid accumulation through regulating lipid and cholesterol metabolism, which might be attributed to the difference in the branch chain and sulfate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province People's Republic of China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Zhao-Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province People's Republic of China
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Ma J, Hong Y, Zheng N, Xie G, Lyu Y, Gu Y, Xi C, Chen L, Wu G, Li Y, Tao X, Zhong J, Huang Z, Wu W, Yuan L, Lin M, Lu X, Zhang W, Jia W, Sheng L, Li H. Gut microbiota remodeling reverses aging-associated inflammation and dysregulation of systemic bile acid homeostasis in mice sex-specifically. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1450-1474. [PMID: 32515683 PMCID: PMC7524276 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1763770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is usually characterized with inflammation and disordered bile acids (BAs) homeostasis, as well as gut dysbiosis. The pathophysiological changes during aging are also sexual specific. However, it remains unclear about the modulating process among gut microbiota, BA metabolism, and inflammation during aging. In this study, we established a direct link between gut microbiota and BA profile changes in the liver, serum, and four intestinal segments of both sexes during aging and gut microbiota remodeling by co-housing old mice with young ones. We found aging reduced Actinobacteria in male mice but increased Firmicutes in female mice. Among the top 10 altered genera with aging, 4 genera changed oppositely between male and female mice, and most of the changes were reversed by co-housing in both sexes. Gut microbiota remodeling by co-housing partly rescued the systemically dysregulated BA homeostasis induced by aging in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. Aging had greater impacts on hepatic BA profile in females, but intestinal BA profile in males. In addition, aging increased hepatic and colonic deoxycholic acid in male mice, but reduced them in females. Moreover, muricholic acids shifted markedly in the intestine, especially in old male mice, and partially reversed by co-housing. Notably, the ratios of primary to secondary BAs in the liver, serum, and all four intestinal segments were increased in old mice and reduced by co-housing in both sexes. Together, the presented data revealed that sex divergent changes of gut microbiota and BA profile in multiple body compartments during aging and gut microbiota remodeling, highlighting the sex-specific prevention and treatment of aging-related disorders by targeting gut microbiota-regulated BA metabolism should particularly be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanzhi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yu Gu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Xi
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Cent Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lin
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Phytochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China,Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China,Wei Jia Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Lili Sheng Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Houkai Li Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Microbial-Derived Secondary Bile Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:47. [PMID: 32681421 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal is to review the connection between gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease, with specific emphasis on bile acids, and the influence of diet in modulating this relationship. RECENT FINDINGS Bile acids exert a much broader range of biological functions than initially recognized, including regulation of cardiovascular function through direct and indirect mechanisms. There is a bi-directional relationship between gut microbiota modulation of bile acid-signaling properties, and their effects on gut microbiota composition. Evidence, primarily from rodent models and limited human trials, suggest that dietary modulation of the gut microbiome significantly impacts bile acid metabolism and subsequently host physiological response(s). Available evidence suggests that the link between diet, gut microbiota, and CVD risk is potentially mediated via bile acid effects on diverse metabolic pathways. However, further studies are needed to confirm/expand and translate these findings in a clinical setting.
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Fan N, Meng K, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li D, Gao Q, Wang J, Li Y, Wu S, Cui Y. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the relative expression of the lipid metabolism genes in mouse cholesterol gallstone models. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:158. [PMID: 32615989 PMCID: PMC7333299 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies indicate that gallstone formation has genetic components. The abnormal expression of lipid-related genes could be the basis for particular forms of cholesterol gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to obtain insight into lipid metabolism disorder during cholesterol gallstone formation and to evaluate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the improvement of bile lithogenicity and its potential influence on the transcription of lipid-related genes. METHODS Gallstone-susceptible mouse models were induced by feeding with a lithogenic diet (LD) for 8 weeks. Bile and liver tissues were obtained from these mouse models after 0, 4 and 8 weeks. Bile lipids were measured enzymatically, and the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) was calculated to evaluate the bile lithogenicity by using Carey's critical tables. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor (LXR), adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 (ABCG5/8), cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7A1), oxysterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7B1), sterol 27-α hydroxylase (CYP27A1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 11 (ABCB11). RESULTS The rate of gallstone formation was 100% in the 4-week group but only 30% in the UDCA-treated group. The UDCA-treated group had a significantly lower CSI compared with other groups. Of special note, the data on the effects of UDCA showed higher expression levels of ABCG8, ABCB11 and CYP27A1, as well as lower expression levels of LXR and PPAR-α, compared to the model control group. CONCLUSIONS UDCA exhibits tremendously potent activity in restraining lipid accumulation, thus reversing the lithogenic effect and protecting hepatocytes from serious pathological damage. The abnormal expression of ABCG8, CYP7A1, CYP27A1, LXR and PPAR-α might lead to high lithogenicity of bile. These results are helpful in exploring new lipid metabolism pathways and potential targets for the treatment of cholesterol stones and for providing some basis for the study of the pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of cholelithiasis. Research on the mechanism of UDCA in improving lipid metabolism and bile lithogenicity may be helpful for clinical treatment and for reducing the incidence of gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fan
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Ke Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 154 AnShan Road, HePing District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Qiaoying Gao
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Yanning Li
- Beichen Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 436 Jingjin Road, Beichen District, Tianjin, 300400, China
| | - Shangwei Wu
- Institute of Acute Abdomen in Integrative Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, 122 Sanwei Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China.
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A dysregulated bile acid-gut microbiota axis contributes to obesity susceptibility. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102766. [PMID: 32408110 PMCID: PMC7225614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the bile acid (BA) pool is closely associated with obesity and is modified by gut microbiota. Perturbations of gut microbiota shape the BA composition, which, in turn, may alter important BA signaling and affect host metabolism. Methods We investigated BA composition of high BMI subjects from a human cohort study and a high fat diet (HFD) obesity prone (HF-OP) / HFD obesity resistant (HF-OR) mice model. Gut microbiota was analysed by metagenomics sequencing. GLP-1 secretion and gene regulation studies involved ELISA, qPCR, Western blot, Immunohistochemistry, and Immunofluorescence staining. Findings We found that the proportion of non-12-OH BAs was significantly decreased in the unhealthy high BMI subjects. The HF-OR mice had an enhanced level of non-12-OH BAs. Non-12-OH BAs including ursodeoxycholate (UDCA), chenodeoxycholate (CDCA), and lithocholate (LCA) were decreased in the HF-OP mice and associated with altered gut microbiota. Clostridium scindens was decreased in HF-OP mice and had a positive correlation with UDCA and LCA. Gavage of Clostridium scindens in mice increased the levels of hepatic non-12-OH BAs, accompanied by elevated serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) levels. In HF-OP mice, altered BA composition was associated with significantly downregulated expression of GLP-1 in ileum and PGC1α, UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. In addition, we identified that UDCA attenuated the high fat diet-induced obesity via enhancing levels of non-12-OH BAs. Interpretation Our study highlights that dysregulated BA signaling mediated by gut microbiota contributes to obesity susceptibility, suggesting modulation of BAs could be a promising strategy for obesity therapy.
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Fu X, Xiao Y, Golden J, Niu S, Gayer CP. Serum bile acids profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and its application on pediatric liver and intestinal diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 58:787-797. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundA method for bile acid profiling measuring 21 primary and secondary bile acids in serum samples was developed and validated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation included spiking with internal standards followed by protein precipitation, centrifugation, drying under nitrogen gas and reconstitution. Extracted samples were injected onto a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (150 × 4.60 mm, 2.6 μm).MethodsData was collected with LC-MS/MS operated in negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and single reaction monitoring (SRM). The analytical run time was 12 min.ResultsThe method showed excellent linearity with high regression coefficients (>0.99) over a range of 0.05 and 25 μM for all analytes tested. The method also showed acceptable intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision. As a proof of concept, the analytical method was applied to patients with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), biliary atresia (BA), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and distinct bile acids profiles were demonstrated.ConclusionsThe method could be poised to identify possible biomarkers for non-invasive early diagnosis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, LeBonheur Children’s Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N Dunlap St, Memphis, TN 38103, USA, E-mail:
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Golden
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sizhe Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P. Gayer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang C, Gan Y, Lv JW, Qin MQ, Hu WR, Liu ZB, Ma L, Song BD, Li J, Jiang WY, Wang JQ, Wang H, Xu DX. The protective effect of obeticholic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced disorder of maternal bile acid metabolism in pregnant mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106442. [PMID: 32248018 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The disorder of bile acid metabolism is a common feature during pregnancy, which leads to adverse birth outcomes and maternal damage effects. However, the cause and therapy about the disorder of bile acid metabolism are still poor. Microbial infection often occurs in pregnant women, which can induce the disorder of bile acid metabolism in adult mice. Here, this study observed the acute effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on maternal bile acid of pregnant mice at gestational day 17 and the protective effect of obeticholic acid (OCA) pretreatment, a potent agonist of bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR). The results showed LPS significantly increased the level of maternal serum and disordered bile acids components of maternal serum and liver, which were ameliorated by OCA pretreatment with obviously reducing the contents of CA, TCA, DCA, TCDCA, CDCA, GCA and TDCA in maternal serum and DCA, TCA, TDCA, TUDCA, CDCA and TCDCA in maternal liver. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of OCA on LPS-disrupted bile acid metabolism in maternal liver. LPS disrupted maternal bile acid profile by decreasing transport and metabolism with hepatic tight junctions of bile acid in pregnant mice. OCA obviously increased the protein level of nuclear FXR and regulated its target genes involving in the metabolism of bile acid, which was characterized by the lower expression of bile acid synthase CYP7A1, the higher expression of CYP3A and the higher mRNA level of transporter Mdr1a/b. This study provided the evidences that LPS disrupted bile acid metabolism in the late stage of pregnant mice and OCA pretreatment played the protective role on it by activating FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Qin
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wei-Rong Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bing-Dong Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Ying Jiang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jian-Qing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Luo ZL, Cheng L, Wang T, Tang LJ, Tian FZ, Xiang K, Cui L. Bile Acid Transporters Are Expressed and Heterogeneously Distributed in Rat Bile Ducts. Gut Liver 2020; 13:569-575. [PMID: 30919600 PMCID: PMC6743800 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Cholangiocytes are capable of reabsorbing bile salts from bile, but the pathophysiological significance of this process is unclear. To this end, we detected the expression and distribution of bile acid transport proteins in cholangiocytes from normal rat liver and analyzed the possible pathophysiological significance. Methods Bile duct tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated by enzymatic digestion and mechanical isolation, and then divided into large and small bile duct tissues. Immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and basolateral organic solute transporter α (Ostα) in the biliary tract system of rats. Differences in the expression and distribution of these proteins were analyzed. Results In cholangiocytes, ASBT and IBABP were mainly expressed in cholangiocytes of the large bile ducts, in which the expression of both was significantly higher than that in the small ducts (p<0.05). Ostα was simultaneously expressed in cholangiocytes of both the large and small bile ducts, showing no significant difference in expression between the two groups of bile ducts (p>0.05). Conclusions Bile acid transporters are expressed and heterogeneously distributed in rat bile ducts, indicating that bile acid reabsorption by cholangiocytes might mainly occur in the large bile ducts. These findings may help explore the physiology of bile ducts and the pathogenesis of various cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Lin Luo
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu-Zhou Tian
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Xiang
- Departments of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Departments of Orthopedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Zurkinden L, Sviridov D, Vogt B, Escher G. Downregulation of Cyp7a1 by Cholic Acid and Chenodeoxycholic Acid in Cyp27a1/ApoE Double Knockout Mice: Differential Cardiovascular Outcome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:586980. [PMID: 33193099 PMCID: PMC7656987 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.586980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) is a key enzyme in bile acids (BAs) biosynthesis and a regulator of cholesterol metabolism. Cyp27a1/Apolipoprotein E double knockout (DKO) mice fed with western diet (WD) are protected from atherosclerosis via up-regulation of hepatic Cyp7a1 and Cyp3a11. Since feeding BAs ameliorates metabolic changes in Cyp27a1 KO mice, we tested BAs feeding on the development of atherosclerosis in DKO mice. DKO mice were fed for 8 weeks with WD containing 0.1% cholic acid (CA) (WD-CA) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) (WD-CDCA). Atherosclerotic lesions, plasma lipoprotein composition and functionality, hepatic lipid content, BAs amount and composition, expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and BA signaling in liver and intestine as well as intestinal cholesterol absorption were assessed. Hepatic Cyp7a1 and Cyp3a11 expression were reduced by 60% after feeding with both WD-CA and WD-CDCA. After feeding with WD-CA we observed a 40-fold increase in the abundance of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic valve, doubling of the levels of plasma total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and halving of the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, in these mice plasma cholesterol efflux capacity decreased by 30%, hepatic BA content increased 10-fold, intestinal cholesterol absorption increased 6-fold. No such changes were observed in mice fed with WD-CDCA. Despite similar reduction on Cyp7a1 and Cyp3a11 hepatic expression, CA and CDCA have a drastically different impact on development of atherosclerosis, plasma and hepatic lipids, BAs composition and intestinal absorption. Reduced cholesterol absorption contributes largely to athero-protection in DKO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Zurkinden
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Insel Gruppe, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Insel Gruppe, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve Escher
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Insel Gruppe, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Geneviève Escher,
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43
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Zhang Y, Jiang R, Zheng X, Lei S, Huang F, Xie G, Kwee S, Yu H, Farrar C, Sun B, Zhao A, Jia W. Ursodeoxycholic acid accelerates bile acid enterohepatic circulation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2848-2863. [PMID: 31077342 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line treatment for primary biliary cholangitis, but its effects on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acid (BA) have been under-investigated. Therefore, we studied the influence of UDCA on BA enterohepatic circulation in vivo and the mechanisms by which UDCA affects the BA kinetics. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with UDCA and other BAs to observe changes in BA pool and BA transporters involved in enterohepatic circulation. Isotope dilution techniques and biochemical analyses were applied to study BA kinetics after oral administration of UDCA, and the mechanism involved. KEY RESULTS Oral administration of UDCA in mice reduced the overall BA pool and produced a unique BA profile with high-abundance conjugated UDCA species, including tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and GUDCA. We found increased expression of several main BA transporters in the ileum and liver. BA kinetic experiment showed that feeding UDCA shortened cycling time of BA and accelerated BA enterohepatic circulation. Additionally, we found evidence that the effect of UDCA administration on accelerating BA enterohepatic circulation was due to the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling in the ileum and FGF15/19 in the liver. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Oral administration of UDCA produced a unique BA profile with high-abundance TUDCA and GUDCA and significantly accelerated BA enterohepatic circulation through the inhibition of intestinal FXR signalling and reduced level of FGF15/19, which in turn, induced the expression of BA transporters in the liver. These findings highlight a critical role for UDCA in maintaining the homeostasis of BA enterohepatic circulation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sha Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sandi Kwee
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christine Farrar
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
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44
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Li R, Zeng L, Xie S, Chen J, Yu Y, Zhong L. Targeted metabolomics study of serum bile acid profile in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7145. [PMID: 31245185 PMCID: PMC6585905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bile acids are important metabolites of intestinal microbiota, which have profound effects on host health. However, whether metabolism of bile acids is involved in the metabolic complications of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the effects of bile acids on the prognosis of ESRD remain obscure. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between altered bile acid profile and the prognosis of ESRD patients. Methods A targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the changes in serum bile acids between ESRD patients (n = 77) and healthy controls (n = 30). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to screen the differential proportions of bile acids between the two groups. Results Six differentially expressed bile acids were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating ESRD patients from healthy subjects. The decreased concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid and cholic acid were significantly associated with dyslipidemia in ESRD patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that the significantly increased concentrations of taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, taurohyocholic acid and tauro α-muricholic acid were correlated to the poor prognosis of ESRD patients. Conclusions The serum bile acid profile of ESRD patients differed significantly from that of healthy controls. In addition, the altered serum bile acid profile might contribute to the poor prognosis and metabolic complications of ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Ultrasound Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqin Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wan Y, Yuan J, Li J, Li H, Zhang J, Tang J, Ni Y, Huang T, Wang F, Zhao F, Li D. Unconjugated and secondary bile acid profiles in response to higher-fat, lower-carbohydrate diet and associated with related gut microbiota: A 6-month randomized controlled-feeding trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:395-404. [PMID: 30876827 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Observational studies have shown that diets high in fat and low in dietary fiber, might have an unfavorable impact on bile acid (BA) profiles, which might further affect host cardiometabolic health. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary fat content on BA profiles and associated gut microbiota, and their correlates with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS In a randomized controlled-feeding trial, healthy young adults were assigned to one of the three diets: a lower-fat diet (fat 20%, carbohydrate 66% and protein 14%), a moderate-fat diet (fat 30%, carbohydrate 56% and protein 14%) and a higher-fat diet (fat 40%, carbohydrate 46% and protein 14%) for 6 months. All the foods were provided during the entire intervention period. The BA profiles, associated gut microbiota and markers of cardiometabolic risk factors were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS The higher-fat diet resulted in an elevated concentration of total BAs (p < 0.001), and unconjugated BAs (p = 0.03) compared with lower-fat diet. Secondary BAs, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), 12ketolithocholic acid (12keto-LCA), 3β-DCA and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) (p < 0.05 after FDR correction) were significantly increased in the higher-fat diet group after the 6-month intervention. Consistently, the abundances of gut bacteria (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) which affect bile salt hydrolase gene expression were significantly increased after higher-fat consumption. The change of DCA was positively associated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides (r = 0.31, p = 0.08 after FDR correction). In addition, the changes of fecal concentrations of DCA and 12keto-LCA were positively associated with serum total cholesterol (r > 0.3, p = 0.02 and p = 0.008 after FDR correction, respectively). In line with these findings, serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was marginally significantly elevated in the higher-fat group after intervention (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The higher-fat diet resulted in an alteration of BAs, especially unconjugated BAs and secondary BAs, most likely through actions of gut microbiota. These alterations might confer potentially unfavorable impacts on colonic and host cardiometabolic health in healthy young adults. Clinical trial registry number: NCT02355795 listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- No. 1 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- No. 1 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Ni
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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46
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Xue Y, Ma C, Hanna I, Pan G. Intestinal Transporter-Associated Drug Absorption and Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:361-405. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Cholestasis can be induced by obstruction of bile ducts or intrahepatic toxicity of drugs and chemicals. However, the mode of cell death during cholestasis, i.e., apoptosis or necrosis, has been controversial. There are fundamental reasons for the controversies, both of which are discussed here, namely the design of experiments and the use of parameters with limited specificity for a certain mode of cell death. Based on the assumption that cholestatic liver injury is caused by accumulation of bile acids, rodent (mainly rat) hepatocytes have been exposed to hydrophobic, glycine-conjugated bile acids, which resulted in apoptotic cell death. The problems with this experimental design are that in rodents bile acids are predominantly taurine conjugated and rodent hepatocytes are never exposed to these levels of glycine-conjugated bile acids. In contrast, taurine-conjugated bile acids trigger inflammatory gene activation in rodent hepatocytes and a necro-inflammatory injury in vivo. On the other hand, human hepatocytes are more resistant to glycine-conjugated bile acids and die by necrosis when exposed to high biliary levels of these bile acids. In this chapter, we describe multiple assays including the caspase activity assay, which is specific for apoptosis, and the general cell death assays alanine aminotransferase or lactate dehydrogenase activities in cell culture medium or plasma. An increase in these enzyme activities without caspase activity indicates necrotic cell death. Thus, both the experimental design and the selection of cell death parameters are critical for the relevance of the experiments for the human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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48
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Ding L, Chang M, Guo Y, Zhang L, Xue C, Yanagita T, Zhang T, Wang Y. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis is associated with bile acid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:286. [PMID: 30567573 PMCID: PMC6300890 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) plasma levels have been proved to be associated with atherosclerosis development. Among the targets aimed to ameliorating atherosclerotic lesions, inducing bile acid synthesis to eliminate excess cholesterol in body is an effective way. Individual bile acid as endogenous ligands for the nuclear receptor has differential effects on regulating bile acid metabolism. It is unclear whether bile acid profiles are mechanistically linked to TMAO-induced development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Male apoE-/- mice were fed with control diet containing 0.3% TMAO for 8 weeks. Aortic lesion development and serum lipid profiles were determined. Bile acid profiles in bile, liver and serum were measured by liquid chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). Real-time PCRs were performed to analyze mRNA expression of genes related to hepatic bile acid metabolism. RESULTS The total plaque areas in the aortas strongly increased 2-fold (P < 0.001) in TMAO administration mice. The levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in TMAO group were also significantly increased by 25.5% (P = 0.044), 31.2% (P = 0.006), 28.3% (P = 0.032), respectively. TMAO notably changed bile acid profiles, especially in serum, the most prominent inductions were tauromuricholic acid (TMCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and cholic acid (CA). Mechanically, TMAO inhibited hepatic bile acid synthesis by specifically repressing the classical bile acid synthesis pathway, which might be mediated by activation of small heterodimer partner (SHP) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that TMAO accelerated aortic lesion formation in apoE-/- mice by altering bile acid profiles, further activating nuclear receptor FXR and SHP to inhibit bile acid synthesis by reducing Cyp7a1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengru Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, People's Republic of China. .,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological products, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Somm E, Jornayvaz FR. Fibroblast Growth Factor 15/19: From Basic Functions to Therapeutic Perspectives. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:960-989. [PMID: 30124818 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Discovered 20 years ago, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)19, and its mouse ortholog FGF15, were the first members of a new subfamily of FGFs able to act as hormones. During fetal life, FGF15/19 is involved in organogenesis, affecting the development of the ear, eye, heart, and brain. At adulthood, FGF15/19 is mainly produced by the ileum, acting on the liver to repress hepatic bile acid synthesis and promote postprandial nutrient partitioning. In rodents, pharmacologic doses of FGF19 induce the same antiobesity and antidiabetic actions as FGF21, with these metabolic effects being partly mediated by the brain. However, activation of hepatocyte proliferation by FGF19 has long been a challenge to its therapeutic use. Recently, genetic reengineering of the molecule has resolved this issue. Despite a global overlap in expression pattern and function, murine FGF15 and human FGF19 exhibit several differences in terms of regulation, molecular structure, signaling, and biological properties. As most of the knowledge originates from the use of FGF19 in murine models, differences between mice and humans in the biology of FGF15/19 have to be considered for a successful translation from bench to bedside. This review summarizes the basic knowledge concerning FGF15/19 in mice and humans, with a special focus on regulation of production, morphogenic properties, hepatocyte growth, bile acid homeostasis, as well as actions on glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. Moreover, implications and therapeutic perspectives concerning FGF19 in human diseases (including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, biliary disorders, and cancer) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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Somm E, Henry H, Bruce SJ, Bonnet N, Montandon SA, Niederländer NJ, Messina A, Aeby S, Rosikiewicz M, Fajas L, Sempoux C, Ferrari SL, Greub G, Pitteloud N. β-Klotho deficiency shifts the gut-liver bile acid axis and induces hepatic alterations in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E833-E847. [PMID: 29944388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Klotho (encoded by Klb) is an obligate coreceptor, mediating both fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15 and FGF21 signaling. Klb-/- mice are refractory to metabolic FGF15 and FGF21 action and exhibit derepressed (increased) bile acid (BA) synthesis. Here, we deeply phenotyped male Klb-/- mice on a pure C57BL/6J genetic background, fed a chow diet focusing on metabolic aspects. This aims to better understand the physiological consequences of concomitant FGF15 and FGF21 signaling deficiency, in particular on the gut-liver axis. Klb-/- mice present permanent growth restriction independent of adiposity and energy balance. Klb-/- mice also exhibit few changes in carbohydrate metabolism, combining normal gluco-tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and fasting response with increased gluconeogenic capacity and decreased glycogen mobilization. Livers of Klb-/- mice reveal pathologic features, including a proinflammatory status and initiation of fibrosis. These defects are associated to a massive shift in BA composition in the enterohepatic system and blood circulation featured by a large excess of microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid, classically known for its genotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, β-Klotho is a gatekeeper of hepatic integrity through direct action (mediating FGF21 anti-inflammatory signaling) and indirect mechanisms (mediating FGF15 signaling that maintains BA level and composition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Bruce
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sophie A Montandon
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marta Rosikiewicz
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Serge L Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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