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Fang L, Cheng Y, Fang D, Feng Z, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhao J, Huang D, Zhai X, Liu C, Du J. CL429 enhances the renewal of intestinal stem cells by upregulating TLR2-YAP1. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112614. [PMID: 38972212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium and regenerative potential of intestinal tissue, thereby ensuring tissue homeostasis and promoting effective tissue regeneration following injury. It has been proven that targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can help prevent radiation-induced damage to the intestine. In this study, we established an intestinal injury model using IR and evaluated the effects of CL429 on ISC regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Following radiation exposure, mice treated with CL429 showed a significant increase in survival rates (100% survival in the treated group compared to 54.54% in the control group). CL429 also showed remarkable efficacy in inhibiting radiation-induced intestinal damage and promoting ISC proliferation and regeneration. In addition, CL429 protected intestinal organoids against IR-induced injury. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis revealed the activation of the Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways by CL429. Specifically, we observed a significant upregulation of YAP1, a key transcription factor in the Hippo pathway, upon CL429 stimulation. Furthermore, knockdown of YAP1 significantly attenuated the radioprotective effect of CL429 on intestinal organoids, indicating that CL429-mediated intestinal radioprotection is dependent on YAP1. In addition, we investigated the relationship between TLR2 and YAP1 using TLR2 knockout mice, and our results showed that TLR2 knockout abolished the activation of CL429 on YAP1. Taken together, our study provides evidence supporting the role of CL429 in promoting ISC regeneration through activation of TLR2-YAP1. And further investigation of the interaction between TLRs and other signaling pathways may enhance our understanding of ISC regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Duo Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhenlan Feng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuedong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yike Yu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daqian Huang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuanlu Zhai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
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Tian J, Zhang L, La X, An Y, Fan X, Li Z. QPH-FR: A Novel Quinoa Peptide Enhances Chemosensitivity by Targeting Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 in Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17417-17430. [PMID: 39047262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the difficulties in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the enhanced stemness of tumor cells is the underlying contributing factor. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a classical marker of CRC stem cells and can be an important potential target for CRC chemotherapy. Quinoa, a protein-rich plant, offers potential as a source of high-quality active peptides. Novelly, the study obtained quinoa protein hydrolysate (QPH) from whole quinoa grains by simulated digestion. In vivo experiments revealed that the tumor volume in the 5-FU+QPH group decreased from 145.90 ± 13.35 to 94.49 ± 13.05 mm3 in the 5-FU group, suggesting that QPH enhances the chemosensitivity of CRC. Further, the most effective peptide QPH-FR from 631 peptides in QPH was screened by activity prediction, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Mechanistically, QPH-FR competitively suppressed the formation of the LGR5/RSPO1 complex by binding to LGR5, causing RNF43/ZNRF3 to ubiquitinate the FZD receptor, thereby suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and exerting stemness inhibition. In summary, the study proposes that a novel peptide QPH-FR from quinoa elucidates the mechanism by which QPH-FR targets LGR5 to enhance chemosensitivity, providing theoretical support for the development of chemotherapeutic adjuvant drugs based on plant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaoqin La
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuxuan An
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaxia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the National Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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3
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Chen T, Xu Y, Xu X, Wang J, Qiu Z, Yu Y, Jiang X, Shao W, Bai D, Wang M, Mei S, Cheng T, Wu L, Gao S, Che X. Comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis deciphered by the integration of single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Protein Cell 2024; 15:530-546. [PMID: 38486356 PMCID: PMC11214835 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a poorly understood gynecological disorder lacking effective treatments. Controversy persists regarding "invagination" and "metaplasia" theories. The endometrial-myometrial junction (EMJ) connects the endometrium and myometrium and is important for diagnosing and classifying adenomyosis, but its in-depth study is just beginning. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial profiling, we mapped transcriptional alterations across eutopic endometrium, lesions, and EMJ. Within lesions, we identified unique epithelial (LGR5+) and invasive stromal (PKIB+) subpopulations, along with WFDC1+ progenitor cells, supporting a complex interplay between "invagination" and "metaplasia" theories of pathogenesis. Further, we observed endothelial cell heterogeneity and abnormal angiogenic signaling involving vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin pathways. Cell-cell communication differed markedly between ectopic and eutopic endometrium, with aberrant signaling in lesions involving pleiotrophin, TWEAK, and WNT cascades. This study reveals unique stem cell-like and invasive cell subpopulations within adenomyosis lesions identified, dysfunctional signaling, and EMJ abnormalities critical to developing precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention of Shandong Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaocui Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Zhiruo Qiu
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yayuan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Wanqi Shao
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Zhang J, Shang J, Ding H, Li W, Li Z, Yuan Z, Zheng H, Lou Y, Wei Z, Zhou H, Feng S, Kong X, Ran N. Nicotinamide Riboside Promotes the Proliferation of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells to Repair Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10747-x. [PMID: 38941038 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSC) is one of the most potential measures for neural repair after spinal cord injury. However, methods for regulating neural stem cell behavior are still limited. Here, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide riboside promoting the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells to repair spinal cord injury. Nicotinamide riboside promotes the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and regulates their differentiation into neurons. In addition, nicotinamide riboside significantly restored lower limb motor dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. Nicotinamide riboside plays its role in promoting the proliferation of neural stem cells by activating the Wnt signaling pathway through the LGR5 gene. Knockdown of the LGR5 gene by lentivirus eliminates the effect of nicotinamide riboside on the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells. In addition, administration of Wnt pathway inhibitors also eliminated the proliferative effect of nicotinamide riboside. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that nicotinamide promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells by targeting the LGR5 gene to activate the Wnt pathway, which provides a new way to repair spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Jun Shang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongze Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - YongFu Lou
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, National Spinal Cord Injury International Cooperation Base, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ning Ran
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital & Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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5
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Fey SK, Vaquero-Siguero N, Jackstadt R. Dark force rising: Reawakening and targeting of fetal-like stem cells in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114270. [PMID: 38787726 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play pivotal roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, orchestrating regeneration, and in key steps of colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. Intriguingly, adult stem cells are reduced during many of these processes. On the contrary, primitive fetal programs, commonly detected in development, emerge during tissue repair, CRC metastasis, and therapy resistance. Recent findings indicate a dynamic continuum between adult and fetal stem cell programs. We discuss critical mechanisms facilitating the plasticity between stem cell states and highlight the heterogeneity observed upon the appearance of fetal-like states. We focus on therapeutic opportunities that arise by targeting fetal-like CRC cells and how those concepts can be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid K Fey
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuria Vaquero-Siguero
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Hill ABT, Murphy YM, Polkoff KM, Edwards L, Walker DM, Moatti A, Greenbaum A, Piedrahita JA. A gene edited pig model for studying LGR5 + stem cells: implications for future applications in tissue regeneration and biomedical research. Front Genome Ed 2024; 6:1401163. [PMID: 38903529 PMCID: PMC11187295 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2024.1401163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in genome editing techniques, notably CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs, have marked a transformative era in biomedical research, significantly enhancing our understanding of disease mechanisms and helping develop novel therapies. These technologies have been instrumental in creating precise animal models for use in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. For instance, we have developed a transgenic pig model to enable the investigation of LGR5-expressing cells. The model was designed to induce the expression of H2B-GFP under the regulatory control of the LGR5 promoter via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knock-in. Notably, advancements in stem cell research have identified distinct subpopulations of LGR5-expressing cells within adult human, mouse, and pig tissues. LGR5, a leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor, enhances WNT signaling and these LGR5+ subpopulations demonstrate varied roles and anatomical distributions, underscoring the necessity for suitable translational models. This transgenic pig model facilitates the tracking of LGR5-expressing cells and has provided valuable insights into the roles of these cells across different tissues and species. For instance, in pulmonary tissue, Lgr5+ cells in mice are predominantly located in alveolar compartments, driving alveolar differentiation of epithelial progenitors via Wnt pathway activation. In contrast, in pigs and humans, these cells are situated in a unique sub-basal position adjacent to the airway epithelium. In fetal stages a pattern of LGR5 expression during lung bud tip formation is evident in humans and pigs but is lacking in mice. Species differences with respect to LGR5 expression have also been observed in the skin, intestines, and cochlea further reinforcing the need for careful selection of appropriate translational animal models. This paper discusses the potential utility of the LGR5+ pig model in exploring the role of LGR5+ cells in tissue development and regeneration with the goal of translating these findings into human and animal clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. T. Hill
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yanet M. Murphy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Polkoff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Laura Edwards
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Derek M. Walker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Adele Moatti
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jorge A. Piedrahita
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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7
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Vivacqua G, Mancinelli R, Leone S, Vaccaro R, Garro L, Carotti S, Ceci L, Onori P, Pannarale L, Franchitto A, Gaudio E, Casini A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A possible connection between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14780. [PMID: 38462652 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different studies have shown the key role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. ER stress leads to the formation of misfolded proteins which affect the secretion of different cell types that are crucial for the intestinal homeostasis. PURPOSE In this review, we discuss the role of ER stress and its involvement in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic conditions that can cause severe damage of the gastrointestinal tract, focusing on the alteration of Paneth cells and goblet cells (the principal secretory phenotypes of the intestinal epithelial cells). ER stress is also discussed in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, in which protein misfolding represents the signature mechanism. ER stress in the bowel and consequent accumulation of misfolded proteins might represent a bridge between bowel inflammation and neurodegeneration along the gut-to-brain axis, affecting intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the equilibrium of the commensal microbiota. Targeting intestinal ER stress could foster future studies for designing new biomarkers and new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Vivacqua
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Vaccaro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Garro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Integrated Research Center (PRAAB), Campus Biomedico University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Pannarale
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Franchitto
- Division of Health Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Casini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Nagao I, Ambrosini YM. High-fat diet enhances cell proliferation and compromises intestinal permeability in a translational canine intestinal organoid model. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:14. [PMID: 38689222 PMCID: PMC11059635 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence underscores the responsiveness of the mammalian intestine to dietary cues, notably through the involvement of LGR5 + intestinal stem cells in orchestrating responses to diet-driven signals. However, the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on these cellular dynamics and their impact on gut integrity remain insufficiently understood. Our study aims to assess the multifaceted interactions between palmitic acid (PA), cell proliferation, and the intestinal epithelial barrier using a canine colonoid model. Canine models, due to their relevance in simulating human intestinal diseases, offer a unique platform to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying HFD derived intestinal dysfunction. RESULTS Canine colonoids were subjected to PA exposure, a surrogate for the effects of HFD. This intervention revealed a remarkable augmentation of cell proliferative activity. Furthermore, we observed a parallel reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating altered epithelium barrier integrity. While E-cadherin exhibited consistency, ZO-1 displayed a noteworthy reduction in fluorescence intensity within the PA-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS By employing canine intestinal organoid systems, we provide compelling insights into the impact of PA on intestinal physiology. These findings underscore the importance of considering both cell proliferative activity and epithelial integrity in comprehending the repercussions of HFDs on intestinal health. Our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the consequences of HFD on intestinal homeostasis, utilizing valuable translational in vitro models derived from dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuma Nagao
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko M Ambrosini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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9
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Fasciano S, Wang S. Recent advances of droplet-based microfluidics for engineering artificial cells. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100090. [PMID: 37245659 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Artificial cells, synthetic cells, or minimal cells are microengineered cell-like structures that mimic the biological functions of cells. Artificial cells are typically biological or polymeric membranes where biologically active components, including proteins, genes, and enzymes, are encapsulated. The goal of engineering artificial cells is to build a living cell with the least amount of parts and complexity. Artificial cells hold great potential for several applications, including membrane protein interactions, gene expression, biomaterials, and drug development. It is critical to generate robust, stable artificial cells using high throughput, easy-to-control, and flexible techniques. Recently, droplet-based microfluidic techniques have shown great potential for the synthesis of vesicles and artificial cells. Here, we summarized the recent advances in droplet-based microfluidic techniques for the fabrication of vesicles and artificial cells. We first reviewed the different types of droplet-based microfluidic devices, including flow-focusing, T-junction, and coflowing. Next, we discussed the formation of multi-compartmental vesicles and artificial cells based on droplet-based microfluidics. The applications of artificial cells for studying gene expression dynamics, artificial cell-cell communications, and mechanobiology are highlighted and discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future outlook of droplet-based microfluidic methods for engineering artificial cells are discussed. This review will provide insights into scientific research in synthetic biology, microfluidic devices, membrane interactions, and mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fasciano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Gu Y, Gao L, He J, Luo M, Hu M, Lin Y, Li J, Hou T, Si J, Yu Y. β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation prolongs the lifespan of prematurely aged mice and protects colon function in ageing mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:3199-3213. [PMID: 38445897 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is defined as the degeneration of physiological functions in numerous tissues and organs of an organism, which occurs with age. As we age, the gut undergoes a series of changes and weaknesses that may contribute to overall ageing. Emerging evidence suggests that β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) plays a role in regulating intestinal function, but there is still a lack of literature on its role in maintaining the colon health of ageing mice. In our research, Zmpste24-/- mice proved that NMN prolonged their life span and delayed senescence. This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term intervention on regulating colon function in ageing mice. Our results indicated that NMN improved the pathology of intestinal epithelial cells and intestinal permeability by upregulating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and the number of goblet cells, increasing the release of anti-inflammatory factors, and increasing beneficial intestinal bacteria. NMN increased the expression of the proteins SIRT1, NMNAT2, and NMNAT3 and decreased the expression of the protein P53. It also regulated the activity of ISCs by increasing Wnt/β-catenin and Lgr5. Our findings also revealed that NMN caused a significant increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and notable differences in metabolic pathways related to choline metabolism in cancer. In summary, NMN supplementation can delay frailty in old age, aid healthy ageing, and delay gut ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrou Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China.
| | - Lidan Gao
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China.
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China.
| | - Yuxian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China.
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China.
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China.
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China.
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yingcong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou325035, China.
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11
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Zhao Q, Zong H, Zhu P, Su C, Tang W, Chen Z, Jin S. Crosstalk between colorectal CSCs and immune cells in tumorigenesis, and strategies for targeting colorectal CSCs. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38254219 PMCID: PMC10802076 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and relapse after tumor immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities, are resistant to traditional therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, CSCs have been proven to be the cells driving tumor relapse after immunotherapy. However, the mutual interactions between CSCs and cancer niche immune cells are largely uncharacterized. In this review, we focus on colorectal CSCs, CSC-immune cell interactions and CSC-based immunotherapy. Colorectal CSCs are characterized by robust expression of surface markers such as CD44, CD133 and Lgr5; hyperactivation of stemness-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap1, Jak/Stat and Notch pathways; and disordered epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA action. Moreover, colorectal CSCs express abnormal levels of immune-related genes such as MHC and immune checkpoint molecules and mutually interact with cancer niche cells in multiple tumorigenesis-related processes, including tumor initiation, maintenance, metastasis and drug resistance. To date, many therapies targeting CSCs have been evaluated, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, tumor vaccines adoptive cell therapy, and small molecule inhibitors. With the development of CSC-/niche-targeting technology, as well as the integration of multidisciplinary studies, novel therapies that eliminate CSCs and reverse their immunosuppressive microenvironment are expected to be developed for the treatment of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing‑ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Li S, Huang Z, Dai H, Shi F, Lv Z. Dietary collagen peptide-chelated trace elements supplementation for breeder hens improves the intestinal health of chick offspring. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:174-183. [PMID: 37612258 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with trace elements zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) could promote intestinal development and improve intestinal health. There are, however, few studies examining the possibility that maternal original Zn, Fe and Mn could regulate intestinal development and barrier function in the offspring. This study aimed to investigate how the intestinal growth and barrier function of breeder offspring were affected by collagen peptide-chelated trace elements (PTE; Zn, Fe, Mn). RESULTS PTE supplementation in the diet of breeder hens increased the concentrations of Zn, Fe and Mn in egg yolk. Maternal PTE supplementation improved morphological parameters of the intestine (villi height, crypt depth and villi height/crypt depth) and upregulated the mRNA expression level of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) in the ileum of chick embryos. Furthermore, maternal PTE effect improved villi height/crypt depth of offspring at 1 and 14 days of age, and upregulated Lgr5, Claudin-3 and E-cadherin mRNA expression in the broiler ileum. Additionally, PTE treatment could enhance the intestinal microbial diversity of offspring. Maternal PTE supplementation increased the relative abundance of Clostridiales at the genus level and decreased the relative abundance of Enterococcus in newborn offspring. Moreover, maternal PTE supplementation ameliorated the elevated nuclear factor kappa B, toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin 1β mRNA expression in the ileum of offspring caused by LPS challenge. CONCLUSION Maternal PTE supplementation could promote intestinal development and enhance the intestinal barrier function of chicken offspring. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Aksu Vocational and Technical College, Aksu, China
| | - Zhenwu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjian Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Sun M, Tan Z, Lin K, Li X, Zhu J, Zhan L, Zheng H. Advanced Progression for the Heterogeneity and Homeostasis of Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2109-2119. [PMID: 37351833 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is well established, however, the implications of ISC heterogeneity and homeostasis are poorly understood. Prior studies have provided important evidence for the association between heterogeneity of ISC pools with pathogenesis and therapeutic response of malignant disease. Leveraging the advantages of organoids and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), glandular development has been simulated and cell heterogeneity has been clarified. Based on this research, several potential ISCs were identified, such as LGR5 + p27 + quiescent ISCs, LGR5 + Mex3a + slowly proliferating stem cells, and CLU + reverse stem cells. We also illustrated major factors responsible for ISC homeostasis including metabolism-related (LKB1, TGR5, HMGCS2), inflammation-related (IFB-b, IFN2, TNF), and Wnt signaling-related (CREPT, Mex3a, MTG16) factors. ISCs play complex roles in intestinal tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and occasional relapse of colon cancer, which bear discussion. In this review, we focus on novel technical challenges in ISCs fate drawing upon recent research with the goals of clarifying our understanding of complex ISCs, elucidating the integrated intestinal crypt niche, and creating new opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keqiong Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jicheng Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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14
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Yang C, Xiao W, Wang R, Hu Y, Yi K, Sun X, Wang G, Xu X. Tumor organoid model of colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:328. [PMID: 37415635 PMCID: PMC10320425 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of self-organizing 'mini-gut' organoid models has brought about a significant breakthrough in biomedical research. Patient-derived tumor organoids have emerged as valuable tools for preclinical studies, offering the retention of genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumor. These organoids have applications in various research areas, including in vitro modelling, drug discovery and personalized medicine. The present review provided an overview of intestinal organoids, focusing on their unique characteristics and current understanding. The progress made in colorectal cancer (CRC) organoid models was then delved into, discussing their role in drug development and personalized medicine. For instance, it has been indicated that patient-derived tumor organoids are able to predict response to irinotecan-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges associated with current CRC organoid models were addressed, along with proposed strategies for enhancing their utility in future basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Wangwen Xiao
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
- Central Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215400, P.R. China
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15
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yue NN, Zhang Y, Shi RY, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem cell-derived intestinal organoids: a novel modality for IBD. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:255. [PMID: 37479716 PMCID: PMC10362068 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The organoids represent one of the greatest revolutions in the biomedical field in the past decade. This three-dimensional (3D) micro-organ cultured in vitro has a structure highly similar to that of the tissue and organ. Using the regeneration ability of stem cells, a 3D organ-like structure called intestinal organoids is established, which can mimic the characteristics of real intestinal organs, including morphology, function, and personalized response to specific stimuli. Here, we discuss current stem cell-based organ-like 3D intestinal models, including understanding the molecular pathophysiology, high-throughput screening drugs, drug efficacy testing, toxicological evaluation, and organ-based regeneration of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We summarize the advances and limitations of the state-of-the-art reconstruction platforms for intestinal organoids. The challenges, advantages, and prospects of intestinal organs as an in vitro model system for precision medicine are also discussed. Key applications of stem cell-derived intestinal organoids. Intestinal organoids can be used to model infectious diseases, develop new treatments, drug screens, precision medicine, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Ning-Ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, 516000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Yue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Tong DQ, Lu ZJ, Zeng N, Wang XQ, Yan HC, Gao CQ. Dietary supplementation with probiotics increases growth performance, improves the intestinal mucosal barrier and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in chicks. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4649-4659. [PMID: 36930725 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics comprise effective feed additives that can replace antibiotics in animal livestock production. However, mono-strain probiotics appear less effective because of their instability. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation with compound probiotics (CPP) on growth performance, diarrhea rate and intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the possible molecular mechanism, in chicks. In total, 360 1-day-old chicks of the Hy-Line Brown Chicks were randomly divided into the control group (CON, basal diet), chlortetracycline group (500 mg kg-1 CTC) and compound probiotics group (1000 mg kg-1 CPP, consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium and yeast). The experiment period was 56 days. RESULTS The results showed that, in comparison with the CON group, CPP significantly increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of chicks and reduced diarrhea (P < 0.05). The probiotic group exhibited increased immune organ (i.e. spleen and thymus) mass and increased levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM and IgG (P < 0.05) compared to the CTC group. In addition, the jejunal mass and morphology were improved in the probiotic group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPP reinforced jejunal barrier function, as indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance, protein expression of occludin and claudin-1, and diamine oxidase levels in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Likewise, enhanced fluorescence signals of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled mitotic cells and villin-labeled absorptive cells in the jejunum (P < 0.05) suggested that CPP promoted intestinal stem cells activity. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including β-catenin, TCF4, c-Myc, cyclin D1 and Lgr5, was amplified in the jejunum by CPP addition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with CPP reinforced the jejunal epithelial integrity by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhanced immune function in chicks. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Qing Tong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Jin Lu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Song Y, Deng Z, Sun H, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Cheng J, Huang Q. Predicting tumor repopulation through the gene panel derived from radiation resistant colorectal cancer cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:390. [PMID: 37328854 PMCID: PMC10273655 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells with the capability of radiation resistance can escape the fate of cell death after radiotherapy, serving as the main cause of treatment failure. Repopulation of tumors after radiotherapy is dominated by this group of residual cells, which greatly reduce the sensitivity of recurrent tumors to the therapy, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, revealing the mechanism of radiation resistant cells participating in tumor repopulation is of vital importance for cancer patients to obtain a better prognosis. METHODS Co-expressed genes were searched by using genetic data of radiation resistant cells (from GEO database) and TCGA colorectal cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to define the most significant co-expressed genes for establishing prognostic indicator. Logistic analysis, WGCNA analysis, and other types of tumors were included to verify the predictive ability of the indicator. RT-qPCR was carried out to test expression level of key genes in colorectal cancer cell lines. Colongenic assay was utilized to test the radio-sensitivity and repopulation ability of key gene knockdown cells. RESULTS Prognostic indicator based on TCGA colorectal cancer patients containing four key radiation resistance genes (LGR5, KCNN4, TNS4, CENPH) was established. The indicator was shown to be significantly correlated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, and also had an acceptable predictive effect in the other five types of cancer. RT-qPCR showed that expression level of key genes was basically consistent with the radiation resistance level of colorectal cancer cells. The clonogenic ability of all key gene knockdown cells decreased after radiation treatment compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LGR5, KCNN4, TNS4 and CENPH are correlated with radiation sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells, and the indicator composed by them can reflect the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Our data provide an evidence of radiation resistant tumor cells involved in tumor repopulation, and give patients undergoing radiotherapy an approving prognostic indicator with regard to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Song
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Xu H, Li W, Song X, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang J, Hu L, Li H, Sun X, Wang D. Expression and Prognostic Value of Lgr5 in Patients with Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2023-2034. [PMID: 37256083 PMCID: PMC10226542 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s408991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a cancer stem cells (CSCs) surface marker, Lgr5 plays an important role in the signal transduction of cancer cells and is a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the expression and prognostic value of Lgr5 in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) remains ambiguous. Materials We used RNA sequencing to screen differentially expressed mRNAs in eleven specimens of rNPC tissues and five fresh adjacent normal tissue samples and the CSC marker, Lgr5, was identified. The expression level of Lgr5 in rNPC samples was also detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological variables and the immunostaining of Lgr5. The Log-rank method was used for prognosis analysis. The Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Significantly elevated expression of Lgr5 in the rNPC tissues was observed compared to the normal tissues using RNA sequencing, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The expression of Lgr5 was significantly correlated with the T stage (P=0.014). High Lgr5 expression (P=0.007), tumor necrosis (P=0.013) and WHO type II (P=0.043) in rNPC patients exhibited worse overall survival (OS). Lgr5 expression was proved to be an independent risk factor for OS (P=0.035) in multivariate analyses, and had promising predictive value for survival and recurrence in rNPC patients (area under the ROC curve: 0.711 and 0.665, P=0.017 and 0.028, respectively). Conclusion Lgr5 as a CSC marker is a promising therapeutic target and could be employed to predict the survival prognosis of rNPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanpeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huankang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houyong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xicai Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Smith-Cortinez N, Tan AK, Stokroos RJ, Versnel H, Straatman LV. Regeneration of Hair Cells from Endogenous Otic Progenitors in the Adult Mammalian Cochlea: Understanding Its Origins and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097840. [PMID: 37175547 PMCID: PMC10177935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to sensory hair cells and/or spiral ganglion neurons. In non-mammalian species, hair cell regeneration after damage is observed, even in adulthood. Although the neonatal mammalian cochlea carries regenerative potential, the adult cochlea cannot regenerate lost hair cells. The survival of supporting cells with regenerative potential after cochlear trauma in adults is promising for promoting hair cell regeneration through therapeutic approaches. Targeting these cells by manipulating key signaling pathways that control mammalian cochlear development and non-mammalian hair cell regeneration could lead to regeneration of hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. This review discusses the pathways involved in the development of the cochlea and the impact that trauma has on the regenerative capacity of the endogenous progenitor cells. Furthermore, it discusses the effects of manipulating key signaling pathways targeting supporting cells with progenitor potential to promote hair cell regeneration and translates these findings to the human situation. To improve hearing recovery after hearing loss in adults, we propose a combined approach targeting (1) the endogenous progenitor cells by manipulating signaling pathways (Wnt, Notch, Shh, FGF and BMP/TGFβ signaling pathways), (2) by manipulating epigenetic control, and (3) by applying neurotrophic treatments to promote reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Smith-Cortinez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Katherine Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Stokroos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Versnel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise V Straatman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Chibly AM, Patel VN, Aure MH, Pasquale MC, Martin GE, Ghannam M, Andrade J, Denegre NG, Simpson C, Goldstein DP, Liu FF, Lombaert IMA, Hoffman MP. Neurotrophin signaling is a central mechanism of salivary dysfunction after irradiation that disrupts myoepithelial cells. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:17. [PMID: 36966175 PMCID: PMC10039923 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that prevent regeneration of irradiated (IR) salivary glands remain elusive. Bulk RNAseq of IR versus non-IR human salivary glands showed that neurotrophin signaling is highly disrupted post-radiation. Neurotrophin receptors (NTRs) were significantly upregulated in myoepithelial cells (MECs) post-IR, and single cell RNAseq revealed that MECs pericytes, and duct cells are the main sources of neurotrophin ligands. Using two ex vivo models, we show that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces expression of MEC genes during development, and upregulation of NTRs in adult MECs is associated with stress-induced plasticity and morphological abnormalities in IR human glands. As MECs are epithelial progenitors after gland damage and are required for proper acinar cell contraction and secretion, we propose that MEC-specific upregulation of NTRs post-IR disrupts MEC differentiation and potentially impedes the ability of the gland to regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mary C Pasquale
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gemma E Martin
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mousa Ghannam
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julianne Andrade
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Noah G Denegre
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colleen Simpson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - David P Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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21
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Penning LC, van den Boom R. Companion animal organoid technology to advance veterinary regenerative medicine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1032835. [PMID: 37008367 PMCID: PMC10063859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1032835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
First year medical and veterinary students are made very aware that drugs can have very different effects in various species or even in breeds of one specific species. On the other hand, the “One Medicine” concept implies that therapeutic and technical approaches are exchangeable between man and animals. These opposing views on the (dis)similarities between human and veterinary medicine are magnified in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine promises to stimulate the body's own regenerative capacity via activation of stem cells and/or the application of instructive biomaterials. Although the potential is enormous, so are the hurdles that need to be overcome before large scale clinical implementation is realistic. It is in the advancement of regenerative medicine that veterinary regenerative medicine can play an instrumental and crucial role. This review describes the discovery of (adult) stem cells in domesticated animals, mainly cats and dogs. The promise of cell-mediated regenerative veterinary medicine is compared to the actual achievements, and this will lead to a set of unanswered questions (controversies, research gaps, potential developments in relation to fundamental, pre-clinical, and clinical research). For veterinary regenerative medicine to have impact, either for human medicine and/or for domesticated animals, answering these questions is pivotal.
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22
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Zhao R, He B, Bie Q, Cao J, Lu H, Zhang Z, Liang J, Wei L, Xiong H, Zhang B. AQP5 complements LGR5 to determine the fates of gastric cancer stem cells through regulating ULK1 ubiquitination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:322. [PMID: 36372898 PMCID: PMC9661769 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the "seed cells" for tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. However, specific surface markers of CSCs of different origins have not been documented. METHODS Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the highly expressed genes in cancer stem cells of gastric cancer patients, and it was verified that AQP5 was specifically highly expressed in gastric cancer stem cells (GC-CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. The effect of AQP5-promoting LGR5 on the malignant biological function of GC-CSCs was investigated. The mechanism by which AQP5 affects GC-CSCs was explored through transcriptome sequencing, proteomic detection, mass spectrometry, etc. RESULTS: We report the identification and validation of AQP5 as a potentially specific surface marker of GC-CSCs. AQP5 was significantly upregulated in CSCs isolated from gastric cancer patients and in spheroid cells, and AQP5 was coexpressed with the canonical stem marker LGR5. Biologically, AQP5 promoted the sphere formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, AQP5 coordinated with LGR5 and synergistically promoted the tumorigenesis of GC-CSCs. At the mechanistic level, AQP5 activated autophagy by inducing the LC3I/LC3II transformation in GC-CSCs, which was crucial for the biological functions of AQP5. Finally, we demonstrated that AQP5 recruited the E3 ligase TRIM21 to the key autophagy protein ULK1 and induced the K63-mediated ubiquitination of ULK1. CONCLUSIONS We elucidate a novel surface marker, AQP5, which is specifically expressed by GC-CSCs. Furthermore, our study creates a link between AQP5 and LGR5 and highlights the necessity of targeting both surface markers simultaneously as a promising approach for the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Zhao
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyu He
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Bie
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Lu
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wei
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
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23
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Liu F, Bouznad N, Kaller M, Shi X, König J, Jaeckel S, Hermeking H. Csf1r mediates enhancement of intestinal tumorigenesis caused by inactivation of Mir34a. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5415-5437. [PMID: 36147476 PMCID: PMC9461672 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) encoding mRNA represents a direct target of miR-34a. However, the in vivo relevance of the suppression of CSF1R by miR-34a for intestinal tumor suppression mediated by the p53/miR-34a pathway has remained unknown. Here, ApcMin/+ mice with intestinal-epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletions of Mir34a showed increased formation of adenomas and decreased survival, whereas deletion of Csf1r decreased adenoma formation and increased survival. In adenomas deletion of Mir34a enhanced proliferation, STAT3 signaling, infiltration with fibroblasts, immune cells and microbes, and tumor stem cell abundance and decreased apoptosis. Deletion of Csf1r had the opposite effects. In addition, homeostasis of intestinal secretory and stem cells, and tumoroid formation were affected in opposite directions by deletion of Mir34a and CSF1R. Concomitant deletion of Csf1r and Mir34a neutralized the effects of the single deletions. mRNAs containing Mir34a seed-matching sites, which encode proteins related to EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), stemness and Wnt signaling, were enriched after Mir34a inactivation in adenomas and derived tumoroids. Netrin-1/Ntn1 and Transgelin/Tagln were characterized as direct targets of Mir34a and Csf1r signaling. Mir34a-inactivation related expression signatures were associated with CMS4/CRISB+D, stage 4 CRCs and poor patient survival. In tumoroids the loss of Mir34a conferred resistance to 5-FU which was mediated by Csf1r. This study provides genetic evidence for a requirement of Mir34a-mediated Csf1r suppression for intestinal stem/secretory cell homeostasis and tumor suppression, and suggests that therapeutic targeting of CSF1R may be effective for the treatment of CRCs with defects in the p53/miR-34a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangteng Liu
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouznad
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Markus Kaller
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Janine König
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jaeckel
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Fan Y, Huo X, Guo B, Zhang X, Yang Y, Lian J, Meng X, Shao Y, Zou Y, Guo H, Wang H, Sun G, Dou H, Wang J, Shao C, Gong Y, Hu H. Cullin 4b-RING ubiquitin ligase targets IRGM1 to regulate Wnt signaling and intestinal homeostasis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1673-1688. [PMID: 35197566 PMCID: PMC9433385 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical organization of intestine relies on the self-renewal and tightly regulated differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Although signals like Wnt are known to sustain the continued intestinal renewal by maintaining ISCs activity and lineage commitment, molecular mechanisms underlying ISCs ‘stemness’ and supportive niche have not been well understood. Here, we found that CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) regulates intestinal homeostasis by targeting immunity-related GTPase family M member 1 (IRGM1) for proteasomal degradation. CUL4B was mainly expressed at ISCs zone. Deletion of Cul4b led to reduced self-renewal of ISCs and a decreased lineage differentiation towards secretory progenitors through downregulated Wnt signals. Besides, Cul4b-null mice exhibited impaired Paneth cells number and structure. Mechanistically, CRL4B complex were associated with WD40 proteins and targeted IRGM1 at K270 for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Impaired intestinal function caused by CUL4B deletion was rescued by down-regulation of its substrate IRGM1. Our results identified CUL4B as a novel regulator of ISCs and revealed a new 26 S proteasome degradation mechanism in intestine self-renewal and lineage commitment. ![]()
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25
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Liu D, Dong S, Liu C, Du J, Wang S, Yu H, Li W, Chen Z, Peng R, Jiang Q, Zou M, Li F, Zhang R. CRX-527 induced differentiation of HSCs protecting the intestinal epithelium from radiation damage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927213. [PMID: 36110845 PMCID: PMC9468934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been extensively studied in radiation damage, but the inherent defects of high toxicity and low efficacy of most TLR ligands limit their further clinical transformation. CRX-527, as a TLR4 ligand, has rarely been reported to protect against radiation. We demonstrated that CRX-527 was safer than LPS at the same dose in vivo and had almost no toxic effect in vitro. Administration of CRX-527 improved the survival rate of total body irradiation (TBI) to 100% in wild-type mice but not in TLR4-/- mice. After TBI, hematopoietic system damage was significantly alleviated, and the recovery period was accelerated in CRX-527-treated mice. Moreover, CRX-527 induced differentiation of HSCs and the stimulation of CRX-527 significantly increased the proportion and number of LSK cells and promoted their differentiation into macrophages, activating immune defense. Furthermore, we proposed an immune defense role for hematopoietic differentiation in the protection against intestinal radiation damage, and confirmed that macrophages invaded the intestines through peripheral blood to protect them from radiation damage. Meanwhile, CRX-527 maintained intestinal function and homeostasis, promoted the regeneration of intestinal stem cells, and protected intestinal injury from lethal dose irradiation. Furthermore, After the use of mice, we found that CRX-527 had no significant protective effect on the hematopoietic and intestinal systems of irradiated TLR4-/- mice. in conclusion, CRX-527 induced differentiation of HSCs protecting the intestinal epithelium from radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshu Liu
- Postgraduate Training Base of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suhe Dong
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sinian Wang
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Renjun Peng
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengying Zou
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University, Beijing, China
- People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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26
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Znhit1 and HIF-2α are correlated with cancer stem cell markers in breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13918. [PMID: 35978075 PMCID: PMC9385614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have emerged as fundamental players in development and progression of breast cancer (BC). A hypoxic tumour microenvironment regulates the stemness phenotype in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The aim of this study was to investigate Znhit1 and HIF-2α gene expression in breast cancer tissues as well as their relation to CSCs markers LGR5, ALDH1A1 and β-catenin in tissue and serum of BC patients. The present study included 160 females divided into two groups, group I: 80 healthy females served as control group and group II: 80 breast cancer patients. Gene expression of tissue Znhit1 and HIF-2α was determined by qRT-PCR. Tissue and serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin levels were determined by ELISA. We found that gene expression of Znhit1 was significantly downregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly negatively correlated with clinical stage and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Regarding HIF-2α, gene expression of HIF-2α was significantly upregulated in BC tissues. Moreover, it was significantly positively correlated with Her-2/neu expression and β-catenin levels in BC patients. Based upon our results, Znhit1 and HIF-2α may serve as novel therapeutic targets for BC therapy. Additionally, each of serum ALDH1A1, LGR5 and β-catenin may play a crucial role in non-invasive detection of BC with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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27
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Won JH, Choi JS, Jun JI. CCN1 interacts with integrins to regulate intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3117. [PMID: 35660741 PMCID: PMC9166801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base contribute to intestinal homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating this homeostatic balance remain elusive. Here we show that the matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61 coordinately regulates ISC proliferation and differentiation through distinct pathways emanating from CCN1 interaction with integrins αvβ3/αvβ5. Mice that delete Ccn1 in Lgr5 + ISCs or express mutant CCN1 unable to bind integrins αvβ3/αvβ5 exhibited exuberant ISC expansion and enhanced differentiation into secretory cells at the expense of absorptive enterocytes in the small intestine, leading to nutrient malabsorption. Analysis of crypt organoids revealed that through integrins αvβ3/αvβ5, CCN1 induces NF-κB-dependent Jag1 expression to regulate Notch activation for differentiation and promotes Src-mediated YAP activation and Dkk1 expression to control Wnt signaling for proliferation. Moreover, CCN1 and YAP amplify the activities of each other in a regulatory loop. These findings establish CCN1 as a niche factor in the intestinal crypts, providing insights into how matrix signaling exerts overarching control of ISC homeostasis. Intestinal stem cells contribute to homeostasis through a balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Here the authors show that CCN1 is an intestinal stem cell niche factor that activates integrin αvβ3/αvβ5 signaling to regulate proliferation and differentiation through distinct downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Won
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jacob S Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair street Arkes Suite 2330, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joon-Il Jun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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28
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LGR5 is a conserved marker of hair follicle stem cells in multiple species and is present early and throughout follicle morphogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9104. [PMID: 35650234 PMCID: PMC9160037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells are key for driving growth and homeostasis of the hair follicle niche, have remarkable regenerative capacity throughout hair cycling, and display fate plasticity during cutaneous wound healing. Due to the need for a transgenic reporter, essentially all observations related to LGR5-expressing hair follicle stem cells have been generated using transgenic mice, which have significant differences in anatomy and physiology from the human. Using a transgenic pig model, a widely accepted model for human skin and human skin repair, we demonstrate that LGR5 is a marker of hair follicle stem cells across species in homeostasis and development. We also report the strong similarities and important differences in expression patterns, gene expression profiles, and developmental processes between species. This information is important for understanding the fundamental differences and similarities across species, and ultimately improving human hair follicle regeneration, cutaneous wound healing, and skin cancer treatment.
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29
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Dufresne J, Gregory M, Pinel L, Cyr DG. Differential gene expression and hallmarks of stemness in epithelial cells of the developing rat epididymis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:327-349. [PMID: 35590013 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epididymal development can be subdivided into three phases: undifferentiated, a period of differentiation, and expansion. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess gene expression profiles in epididymides, (2) predict signaling pathways, and (3) develop a novel 3D cell culture method to assess the regulation of epididymal development in vitro. Microarray analyses indicate that the largest changes in differential gene expression occurred between the 7- to 18-day period, in which 1452 genes were differentially expressed, while 671 differentially expressed genes were noted between days 18 and 28, and there were 560 differentially expressed genes between days 28 and 60. Multiple signaling pathways were predicted at different phases of development. Pathway associations indicated that in epididymides of 7- to 18-day old rats, there was a significant association of regulated genes implicated in stem cells, estrogens, thyroid hormones, and kidney development, while androgen- and estrogen-related pathways were enriched at other phases of development. Organoids were derived from CD49f + columnar cells from 7-day old rats, while no organoids developed from CD49f- cells. Cells cultured in an epididymal basal cell organoid medium versus a commercial kidney differentiation medium supplemented with DHT revealed that irrespective of the culture medium, cells within differentiating organoids expressed p63, AQP9, and V-ATPase after 14 days of culture. The commercial kidney medium resulted in an increase in the number of organoids positive for p63, AQP9, and V-ATPase. Together, these data indicate that columnar cells represent an epididymal stem/progenitor cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dufresne
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 245 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 3B7, Canada
| | - Mary Gregory
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 245 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 3B7, Canada
| | - Laurie Pinel
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 245 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 3B7, Canada
| | - Daniel G Cyr
- Laboratory for Reproductive Toxicology, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université du Québec, 245 boul. Des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 3B7, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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30
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Kocagöz Y, Demirler MC, Eski SE, Güler K, Dokuzluoglu Z, Fuss SH. Disparate progenitor cell populations contribute to maintenance and repair neurogenesis in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:331-358. [PMID: 35266039 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) undergo constant turnover under physiological conditions but also regenerate efficiently following tissue injury. Maintenance and repair neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) have been attributed to the selective activity of globose (GBCs) and horizontal basal cells (HBCs), respectively. In zebrafish, cells with GBC-like properties are localized to the peripheral margins of the sensory OE and contribute to OSN neurogenesis in the intact OE, while cells that resemble HBCs at the morphological and molecular level are more uniformly distributed. However, the contribution of these cells to the restoration of the injured OE has not been demonstrated. Here, we provide a detailed cellular and molecular analysis of the tissue response to injury and show that a dual progenitor cell system also exists in zebrafish. Zebrafish HBCs respond to the structural damage of the OE and generate a transient population of proliferative neurogenic progenitors that restores OSNs. In contrast, selective ablation of OSNs by axotomy triggers neurogenic GBC proliferation, suggesting that distinct signaling events activate GBC and HBC responses. Molecular analysis of differentially expressed genes in lesioned and regenerating OEs points toward an involvement of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Activation of Wnt signaling appears to be sufficient to stimulate mitotic activity, while inhibition significantly reduces, but does not fully eliminate, HBC responses. Zebrafish HBCs are surprisingly active even under physiological conditions with a strong bias toward the zones of constitutive OSN neurogenesis, suggestive of a direct lineage relationship between progenitor cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Kocagöz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Can Demirler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels, Campus Erasme, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kardelen Güler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Dokuzluoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Stefan H Fuss
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Kuzey Park 319, 34342, Bebek - Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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Han L, Wei X, Liu C, Volpe G, Zhuang Z, Zou X, Wang Z, Pan T, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Fan P, Guo P, Lai Y, Lei Y, Liu X, Yu F, Shangguan S, Lai G, Deng Q, Liu Y, Wu L, Shi Q, Yu H, Huang Y, Cheng M, Xu J, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Xie D, Yang Y, Yu Y, Zheng H, Wei Y, Huang F, Lei J, Huang W, Zhu Z, Lu H, Wang B, Wei X, Chen F, Yang T, Du W, Chen J, Xu S, An J, Ward C, Wang Z, Pei Z, Wong CW, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu M, Qin B, Schambach A, Isern J, Feng L, Liu Y, Guo X, Liu Z, Sun Q, Maxwell PH, Barker N, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Gu Y, Mulder J, Uhlen M, Tan T, Liu S, Yang H, Wang J, Hou Y, Xu X, Esteban MA, Liu L. Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis. Nature 2022; 604:723-731. [PMID: 35418686 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell-cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Zhenkun Zhuang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Pan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Lai
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuncheng Shangguan
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyao Lai
- Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Deng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Shi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hao Yu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunting Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangshan Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chunqing Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duo Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhi Yang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yeya Yu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wei
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Waidong Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haorong Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengzhen Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wensi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shibo Xu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan An
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Carl Ward
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, USA
| | - Joan Isern
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Liqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration, School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick H Maxwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Barker
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), ICREA and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Miguel A Esteban
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China. .,Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Stem Cells and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI-Beijing, Beijing, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China. .,BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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32
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Wang R, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Yao S, Zhu Y. ANKRD22 is a novel therapeutic target for gastric mucosal injury. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Lebensohn AM, Bazan JF, Rohatgi R. Receptor control by membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases in development and tissue homeostasis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:25-89. [PMID: 35817504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine cell-cell communication is central to all developmental processes, ranging from cell diversification to patterning and morphogenesis. Precise calibration of signaling strength is essential for the fidelity of tissue formation during embryogenesis and tissue maintenance in adults. Membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases can control the sensitivity of target cells to secreted ligands by regulating the abundance of signaling receptors at the cell surface. We discuss two examples of this emerging concept in signaling: (1) the transmembrane ubiquitin ligases ZNRF3 and RNF43 that regulate WNT and bone morphogenetic protein receptor abundance in response to R-spondin ligands and (2) the membrane-recruited ubiquitin ligase MGRN1 that controls Hedgehog and melanocortin receptor abundance. We focus on the mechanistic logic of these systems, illustrated by structural and protein interaction models enabled by AlphaFold. We suggest that membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases play a widespread role in remodeling the cell surface proteome to control responses to extracellular ligands in diverse biological processes.
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34
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Yu JH, Ma S. Organoids as research models for hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112987. [PMID: 34942189 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Organoid culture is an emerging research tool that has proved tremendously useful in a multitude of aspects, one of which is cancer research. They largely overcome the limitations of previous cancer models by their faithful recapitulation of the in vivo biology, while still remaining amenable to perturbations. Using a cocktail of biologicals that mimic the stem cell niche signaling, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoids could be generated from tissue samples of both human and murine origin. Existing reports show that HCC organoids retain key characteristics of their parental tumor tissue, including the histological architecture, genomic landscape, expression profile and intra-tumor heterogeneity. There is ongoing effort to establish living biobanks of patient-derived cancer organoids, annotated with multi-omics data and clinical data, and they can be particularly valuable in stratification of HCC subtypes, pre-clinical drug discovery and personalized medicine. In the future, efforts in the standardization of procedures and nomenclature, refinement of protocols, as well as engineering of the culture systems will enable scientists to unleash the full potential of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hy Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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35
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Tanigawa S, Fujita M, Moyama C, Ando S, Ii H, Kojima Y, Fujishita T, Aoki M, Takeuchi H, Yamanaka T, Takahashi Y, Hashimoto N, Nakata S. Inhibition of Gli2 suppresses tumorigenicity in glioblastoma stem cells derived from a de novo murine brain cancer model. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1339-1352. [PMID: 33414520 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of glioblastoma remains poor despite intensive research efforts. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumorigenesis, invasive capacity, and therapy resistance. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a stem cell marker, is involved in the maintenance of GSCs, although the properties of Lgr5-positive GSCs remain unclear. Here, the Sleeping-Beauty transposon-induced glioblastoma model was used in Lgr5-GFP knock-in mice identify GFP-positive cells in neurosphere cultures from mouse glioblastoma tissues. Global gene expression analysis showed that Gli2 was highly expressed in GFP-positive GSCs. Gli2 knockdown using lentiviral-mediated shRNA downregulated Hedgehog-related and Wnt signaling pathway-related genes, including Lgr5; suppressed tumor cell proliferation and invasion capacity; and induced apoptosis. Pharmacological Gli inhibition with GANT61 suppressed tumor cell proliferation. Silencing Gli2 suppressed the tumorigenicity of GSCs in an orthotopic transplantation model in vivo. These findings suggest that Gli2 affects the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways and plays an important role in GSC maintenance, suggesting Gli2 as a therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seisuke Tanigawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiami Moyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Ando
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ii
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hayato Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamanaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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36
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Zhu X, Yang M, Lin Z, Mael SK, Li Y, Zhang L, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang B, Huang T, Guan F, Li Z, Moses RE, Li L, Wang B, Li X, Zhang B. REGγ drives Lgr5 + stem cells to potentiate radiation induced intestinal regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1608-1623. [PMID: 34826093 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a marker of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is considered to play key roles in tissue homoeostasis and regeneration after acute radiation injury. However, the activation of Lgr5 by integrated signaling pathways upon radiation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that irradiation of mice with whole-body depletion or conditional ablation of REGγ in Lgr5+ stem cell impairs proliferation of intestinal crypts, delaying regeneration of intestine epithelial cells. Mechanistically, REGγ enhances transcriptional activation of Lgr5 via the potentiation of both Wnt and Hippo signal pathways. TEAD4 alone or cooperates with TCF4, a transcription factor mediating Wnt signaling, to enhance the expression of Lgr5. Silencing TEAD4 drastically attenuated β-catenin/TCF4 dependent expression of Lgr5. Together, our study reveals how REGγ controls Lgr5 expression and expansion of Lgr5+ stem cells in the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, REGγ proteasome appears to be a potential therapeutic target for radiation-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zaijun Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Solomon Kibreab Mael
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaqi Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tingmei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 20051, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Miyazaki T, Chung S, Sakai H, Ohata H, Obata Y, Shiokawa D, Mizoguchi Y, Kubo T, Ichikawa H, Taniguchi H, Aoki K, Soga T, Nakagama H, Okamoto K. Stemness and immune evasion conferred by TDO2-AHR pathway are associated with liver metastasis of colon cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:170-181. [PMID: 34714577 PMCID: PMC8748246 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway modulates the immune system in response to kynurenine, an endogenous tryptophan metabolite. IDO1 and TDO2 catalyze kynurenine production, which promotes cancer progression by compromising host immunosurveillance. However, it is unclear whether the AHR activation regulates the malignant traits of cancer such as metastatic capability or cancer stemness. Here, we carried out systematic analyses of metabolites in patient-derived colorectal cancer spheroids, and identified high levels of kynurenine and TDO2 that were positively associated with liver metastasis. In a mouse colon cancer model, TDO2 expression substantially enhanced liver metastasis, induced AHR-mediated PD-L1 transactivation, and dampened immune responses; these changes were all abolished by PD-L1 knockout. In patient-derived cancer spheroids, TDO2 or AHR activity was required for not only the expression of PD-L1, but also for cancer stem cell (CSC)-related characteristics and Wnt signaling. TDO2 was coexpressed with both PD-L1 and nuclear β-catenin in colon xenograft tumors, and the coexpression of TDO2 and PD-L1 was observed in clinical colon cancer specimens. Thus, our data indicate that the activation of the TDO2-kynurenine-AHR pathway facilitates liver metastasis of colon cancer via PD-L1-mediated immune evasion and maintenance of stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyazaki
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Suyoun Chung
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,OncoTherapy Science, Inc, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yukihiro Mizoguchi
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute
| | | | | | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation.,Lead contact
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Gormley M, Oliverio O, Kapidzic M, Ona K, Hall S, Fisher SJ. RNA profiling of laser microdissected human trophoblast subtypes at mid-gestation reveals a role for cannabinoid signaling in invasion. Development 2021; 148:272518. [PMID: 34557907 PMCID: PMC8572005 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human placental architecture is complex. Its surface epithelium, specialized for transport, forms by fusion of cytotrophoblast progenitors into multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts. Near the uterine surface, these progenitors assume a different fate, becoming cancer-like cells that invade its lining and blood vessels. The latter process physically connects the placenta to the mother and shunts uterine blood to the syncytiotrophoblasts. Isolation of trophoblast subtypes is technically challenging. Upon removal, syncytiotrophoblasts disintegrate and invasive cytotrophoblasts are admixed with uterine cells. We used laser capture to circumvent these obstacles. This enabled isolation of syncytiotrophoblasts and two subpopulations of invasive cytotrophoblasts from cell columns and the endovascular compartment of spiral arteries. Transcriptional profiling revealed numerous genes, the placental or trophoblast expression of which was not known, including neurotensin and C4ORF36. Using mass spectrometry, discovery of differentially expressed mRNAs was extended to the protein level. We also found that invasive cytotrophoblasts expressed cannabinoid receptor 1. Unexpectedly, screening agonists and antagonists showed that signals from this receptor promote invasion. Together, these results revealed previously unseen gene expression patterns that translate to the protein level. Our data also suggested that endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids can affect human placental development. Summary: Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of laser captured human trophoblasts showed that placental cells lining uterine arteries express cannabinoid receptor 1. Functional analyses suggest that endogenous/exogenous cannabinoids could affect placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gormley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oliver Oliverio
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Katherine Ona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steven Hall
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Phenotypic screening system using three-dimensional (3D) culture models for natural product screening. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:660-666. [PMID: 34326483 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems has attracted much attention in the fields of basic life science and drug development. Newly established methods include 3D co-culture, spheroid culture, and organoid culture; these methods enable more human tissue-like culture and have largely replaced traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture. By combining 3D culture methods with high-content imaging analysis, it is possible to obtain diverse and convincing data even during initial screening (which requires rapid and easy operating procedures). Until recently, 3D culture methods were considered expensive, time-consuming, complex, and unstable. However, by exploiting the self-assembling nature of cells and adding several technical improvements, we have developed several phenotypic screenings aimed at discovering anticancer compounds.
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40
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Sun S, Wang Y, Wang J, Bi J. Wnt pathway-related three-mRNA clinical outcome signature in bladder urothelial carcinoma: computational biology and experimental analyses. J Transl Med 2021; 19:409. [PMID: 34579753 PMCID: PMC8477531 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wnt signaling pathway is core to the growth of bladder tumors. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is significant for bladder tumor metastasis. Nevertheless, the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway, outcomes of bladder cancer (BLCA), and the specific mechanisms driving immune infiltration have not been studied. METHODS We obtained Wnt pathway-related gene mRNA and clinicopathological data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We obtained 34 genes that were greatly correlated with outcome using univariate Cox regression analysis and conducted a completely randomized data t-test to perform clinical staging. According to the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify relevant biological functions. Various subtypes were identified using consensus cluster analysis. Univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage sum selection operator-Cox regression algorithm analysis were conducted on TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus data to identify risk characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method and receiver running feature curves were adopted to calculate overall survival. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was adopted for the assessment of the degree of immune infiltration. Then, we demonstrated the relationship between PPP2CB and EMT function in two cell lines. RESULTS Thirty-four Wnt signaling pathway-related genes were risk factors for BLCA outcome, and their expression levels differed by clinical stage. The co-expression of WGCNA showed the relationship between the Wnt signaling pathway and biological functions and was closely associated with EMT. We divided BLCA patients into two subtypes using consensus clustering. Survival curves and clinical analysis showed that the Wnt pathway enriched group had worse outcomes. The Wnt signature showed the significance of the outcome for MAPK10, PPP2CB, and RAC3. Based on these genes, the degree of immune infiltration was evaluated. Cell function experiments suggested that PPP2CB drives the proliferation and migration of BLCA cells. CONCLUSION We found that Wnt signaling pathway-related genes can be used as prognostic risk factors for BLCA, and the Wnt signaling pathway is a cancer-promoting signaling pathway associated with EMT. We identified three critical genes: MAPK10, RAC3, and PPP2CB. The genes in these three Wnt signaling pathways are associated with tumor cell EMT and immune cell infiltration. The most important finding was that these three genes were independent prognostic factors for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Sun
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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41
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Caiazza C, Parisi S, Caiazzo M. Liver Organoids: Updates on Disease Modeling and Biomedical Applications. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:835. [PMID: 34571712 PMCID: PMC8470787 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver organoids are stem cell-derived 3D structures that are generated by liver differentiation signals in the presence of a supporting extracellular matrix. Liver organoids overcome low complexity grade of bidimensional culture and high costs of in vivo models thus representing a turning point for studying liver disease modeling. Liver organoids can be established from different sources as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hepatoblasts and tissue-derived cells. This novel in vitro system represents an innovative tool to deeper understand the physiology and pathological mechanisms affecting the liver. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the field focusing on their application in modeling diseases, regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Caiazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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42
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Zhu X, Tian X, Yang M, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Xiao Y, Moses RE, Li X, Zhang B. Procyanidin B2 Promotes Intestinal Injury Repair and Attenuates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis via Suppression of Oxidative Stress in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:75-92. [PMID: 32940048 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Intact intestinal epithelium is essential to maintain normal intestinal physiological function. Irradiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease occurred when epithelial integrity was impaired. This study aims at exploring the mechanism of procyanidin B2 (PB2) administration to promote intestinal injury repair in mice. Results: PB2 treatment reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and protects the intestine damage from irradiation. Mechanistic studies reveal that PB2 could effectively slow down the degradation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and it significantly triggers Nrf2 into the nucleus, which leads to subsequent antioxidant enzyme expression. However, knockdown of Nrf2 attenuates PB2-induced protection in the intestine. More importantly, PB2 also promotes leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-positive intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+ ISCs) driven regeneration via enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which depends on, at least in part, activation of the Nrf2 signal. Evidence from an injury model of intestinal organoids is similar with in vivo results. Correspondingly, results from flow cytometric analysis and luciferase reporter assay reveal that PB2 also inhibits the level of ROS and promotes Lgr5 expression in vitro. Finally, PB2 alleviates the severity of experimental colitis and colitis-associated cancer in a long-term inflammatory model via inhibiting nuclear localization of p65. Innovation: This study, for the first time, reveals a role of PB2 for intestinal regeneration and repair after radiation or dextran sulfate sodium-induced injury in mice. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PB2 can repress oxidative stress via Nrf2/ARE signaling and then promote intestinal injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yasong Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Wang H, Guo J, Gao J, Wang M, Xia M, Wen Y, Su P, Yang M, Liu M, Shi L, Cheng T, Zhou W, Zhou J. LGR4, Not LGR5, Enhances hPSC Hematopoiesis by Facilitating Mesoderm Induction via TGF-Beta Signaling Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107600. [PMID: 32375050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to generate functional blood cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remain largely unsuccessful, mainly due to the lack of understanding of the regulatory network of human hematopoiesis. In this study, we identified leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) as an essential regulator of early hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs. The deletion of LGR4 severely impairs mesoderm development, thereby limiting hematopoietic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, LGR5 is dispensable for hPSC hematopoiesis. The four R-spondin proteins show differential activities and dependencies on LGR4 in hematopoietic differentiation. The deletion of LGR4 almost entirely abolishes the enhancement induced by R-spondin1 and R-spondin3, but not R-spondin2. In addition, ZNRF3 is required for the response of R-spondin1-R-spondin3. At the mechanistic level, LGR4 regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling to control hematopoietic differentiation. Together, our results reveal vital roles of LGR4 in hematopoietic development and uncover distinct functions and underlying mechanisms for R-spondins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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44
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Organoids and Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112657. [PMID: 34071313 PMCID: PMC8197877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids were first established as a three-dimensional cell culture system from mouse small intestine. Subsequent development has made organoids a key system to study many human physiological and pathological processes that affect a variety of tissues and organs. In particular, organoids are becoming very useful tools to dissect colorectal cancer (CRC) by allowing the circumvention of classical problems and limitations, such as the impossibility of long-term culture of normal intestinal epithelial cells and the lack of good animal models for CRC. In this review, we describe the features and current knowledge of intestinal organoids and how they are largely contributing to our better understanding of intestinal cell biology and CRC genetics. Moreover, recent data show that organoids are appropriate systems for antitumoral drug testing and for the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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45
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Marsee A, Roos FJM, Verstegen MMA, Gehart H, de Koning E, Lemaigre F, Forbes SJ, Peng WC, Huch M, Takebe T, Vallier L, Clevers H, van der Laan LJW, Spee B. Building consensus on definition and nomenclature of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:816-832. [PMID: 33961769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (HPB) organoids are powerful tools for studying development, disease, and regeneration. As organoid research expands, the need for clear definitions and nomenclature describing these systems also grows. To facilitate scientific communication and consistent interpretation, we revisit the concept of an organoid and introduce an intuitive classification system and nomenclature for describing these 3D structures through the consensus of experts in the field. To promote the standardization and validation of HPB organoids, we propose guidelines for establishing, characterizing, and benchmarking future systems. Finally, we address some of the major challenges to the clinical application of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Marsee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helmuth Gehart
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eelco de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Lemaigre
- Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Weng Chuan Peng
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Division of Developmental Biology, and Center for Stem Cell, and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK; Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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46
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Giebel N, de Jaime-Soguero A, García Del Arco A, Landry JJM, Tietje M, Villacorta L, Benes V, Fernández-Sáiz V, Acebrón SP. USP42 protects ZNRF3/RNF43 from R-spondin-dependent clearance and inhibits Wnt signalling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51415. [PMID: 33786993 PMCID: PMC8097334 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressors RNF43 and ZNRF3 play a central role in development and tissue homeostasis by promoting the turnover of the Wnt receptors LRP6 and Frizzled (FZD). The stem cell growth factor R‐spondin induces auto‐ubiquitination and membrane clearance of ZNRF3/RNF43 to promote Wnt signalling. However, the deubiquitinase stabilising ZNRF3/RNF43 at the plasma membrane remains unknown. Here, we show that the USP42 antagonises R‐spondin by protecting ZNRF3/RNF43 from ubiquitin‐dependent clearance. USP42 binds to the Dishevelled interacting region (DIR) of ZNRF3 and stalls the R‐spondin‐LGR4‐ZNRF3 ternary complex by deubiquitinating ZNRF3. Accordingly, USP42 increases the turnover of LRP6 and Frizzled (FZD) receptors and inhibits Wnt signalling. Furthermore, we show that USP42 functions as a roadblock for paracrine Wnt signalling in colon cancer cells and mouse small intestinal organoids. We provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation R‐spondin and conclude that USP42 is crucial for ZNRF3/RNF43 stabilisation at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Giebel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ana García Del Arco
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan J M Landry
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Tietje
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Villacorta
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Sáiz
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio P Acebrón
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Han H, Davidson LA, Hensel M, Yoon G, Landrock K, Allred C, Jayaraman A, Ivanov I, Safe SH, Chapkin RS. Loss of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Promotes Colon Tumorigenesis in ApcS580/+; KrasG12D/+ Mice. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:771-783. [PMID: 33495399 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mutational genetic landscape of colorectal cancer has been extensively characterized; however, the ability of "cooperation response genes" to modulate the function of cancer "driver" genes remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, in modulating oncogenic cues in the colon. We show that intestinal epithelial cell-targeted AhR knockout (KO) promotes the expansion and clonogenic capacity of colonic stem/progenitor cells harboring ApcS580/+; KrasG12D/+ mutations by upregulating Wnt signaling. The loss of AhR in the gut epithelium increased cell proliferation, reduced mouse survival rate, and promoted cecum and colon tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanistically, the antagonism of Wnt signaling induced by Lgr5 haploinsufficiency attenuated the effects of AhR KO on cecum and colon tumorigenesis. IMPLICATIONS: Our findings reveal that AhR signaling plays a protective role in genetically induced colon tumorigenesis at least by suppressing Wnt signaling and provides rationale for the AhR as a therapeutic target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martha Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Kerstin Landrock
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Clinton Allred
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Stephen H Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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48
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Han H, Jayaraman A, Safe S, Chapkin RS. Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in stem cells to improve the use of food as medicine. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021; 6:109-118. [PMID: 34395177 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-020-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review Intestinal stem cells, the most rapidly proliferating adult stem cells, are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic dietary factors. Uncontrolled regulation of intestinal stem cells is closely linked to colon tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how dietary and microbial derived cues regulate intestinal stem cell functionality and colon tumorigenesis in mouse models by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Recent findings AhR, a ligand activated transcription factor, can integrate environmental, dietary and microbial cues to modulate intestinal stem cell proliferation, differentiation and their microenvironment, affecting colon cancer risk. Modulation of AhR activity is associated with many chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases where AhR expression is protective. Summary AhR signaling controls the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, influences local niche factors, and plays a protective role in colon tumorigenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that extrinsic nutritional/dietary cues which modulate AhR signaling may be a promising approach to colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Han
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843
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49
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Ren W, Wang L, Zhang X, Feng X, Zhuang L, Jiang N, Xu R, Li X, Wang P, Sun X, Yu H, Yu Y. Expansion of murine and human olfactory epithelium/mucosa colonies and generation of mature olfactory sensory neurons under chemically defined conditions. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:684-699. [PMID: 33391499 PMCID: PMC7738855 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunctions, including hyposmia and anosmia, affect ~100 million people around the world and the underlying causes are not fully understood. Degeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and incapacity of globose basal cells to generate olfactory sensory neurons are found in elder people and patients with smell disorders. Thus, olfactory stem cell may function as a promising tool to replace inactivated globose basal cells and to generate sensory neurons. Methods: We established clonal expansion of cells from the murine olfactory epithelium as well as colony growth from human olfactory mucosa using Matrigel-based three-dimensional system. These colonies were characterized by immunostaining against olfactory epithelium cellular markers and by calcium imaging of responses to odors. Chemical addition was optimized to promote Lgr5 expression, colony growth and sensory neuron generation, tested by quantitative PCR and immunostaining against progenitor and neuronal markers. The differential transcriptomes in multiple signaling pathways between colonies under different base media and chemical cocktails were determined by RNA-Seq. Results: In defined culture media, we found that VPA and CHIR99021 induced the highest Lgr5 expression level, while LY411575 resulted in the most abundant yield of OMP+ mature sensory neurons in murine colonies. Different base culture media with drug cocktails led to apparent morphological alteration from filled to cystic appearance, accompanied with massive transcriptional changes in multiple signaling pathways. Generation of sensory neurons in human colonies was affected through TGF-β signaling, while Lgr5 expression and cell proliferation was regulated by VPA. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that targeting expansion of olfactory epithelium/mucosa colonies in vitro potentially results in discovery of new source to cell replacement-based therapy against smell loss.
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50
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Yamazaki M, Kato A, Oki E, Zaitsu Y, Kato C, Nakano K, Nakamura M, Sakomura T, Kawai S, Fujii E, Sawada N, Watanabe T, Saeki H, Suzuki M. Continuous formation of small clusters with LGR5-positive cells contributes to tumor growth in a colorectal cancer xenograft model. J Transl Med 2021; 101:12-25. [PMID: 32728120 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
New cancer characteristics can be discovered by focusing on the process of tumor formation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a key subpopulation, as they are theorized to be at the apex of the tumor hierarchy. We can better understand their function in the tumor hierarchy by using sectioned samples to observe the growth of tumors from their origins as CSCs. In this study, we evaluated the growth of moderate differentiated colorectal cancer from LGR5-positive cells, which is a CSC marker of colorectal cancer, using xenograft and three-dimensional culture models spatiotemporally. These cells express LGR5 at high levels and show CSC phenotypes. To detect them, we used a previously generated antibody that specifically targets LGR5, and were therefore able to observe LGR5-positive cells aggregating into small clusters (sCLs) over the course of tumor growth. Because these LGR5-expressing sCLs formed continuously during growth mainly in the invasive front, we concluded that the structure must contribute significantly to the expansion of CSCs and to tumor growth overall. We confirmed the formation of sCLs from gland structures using a three-dimensional culture model. In addition, sCLs exhibited upregulated genes related to stress response and partial/hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as genes reported to be prognosis factors. Finally, sCLs with high LGR5 expression were identified in clinical samples. Based on these results, we elucidate how sCLs are an important contributors to tumor growth and the expansion of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamazaki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiko Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Zaitsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chie Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakomura
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shigeto Kawai
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Etsuko Fujii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sawada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Inc., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Suzuki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, 412-8513, Japan
- Forerunner Pharma Research Co., Ltd., Komaba Open Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
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