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Bekkering S, Saner C, Novakovic B, Mansell T, Longmore DK, McCallum Z, Ponsonby AL, Juonala M, Netea MG, Sabin MA, Saffery R, Riksen NP, Burgner DP. Increased innate immune responses in adolescents with obesity and its relation to subclinical cardiovascular measures: An exploratory study. iScience 2024; 27:109762. [PMID: 38741712 PMCID: PMC11089376 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk accrues across the life course and childhood and adolescence are key periods for effective prevention. Obesity is associated with inflammation in adults, but pediatric data are scarce. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we investigated immune cell composition and activation in 31 adolescents with obesity (41.9% male, BMIz>2.5, 14.4 years) and 22 controls with healthy weight (45.1% male, -1.5
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christoph Saner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Children`s Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern 3010, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Danielle K. Longmore
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children`s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zoe McCallum
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Sabin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children`s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - David P. Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Wu Q, Zhang W, Lu Y, Li H, Yang Y, Geng F, Liu J, Lin L, Pan Y, Li C. Association between periodontitis and inflammatory comorbidities: The common role of innate immune cells, underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111558. [PMID: 38266446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis, which is related to various systemic diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontal dysbiosis of the microbiota. Multiple factors can influence the interaction of periodontitis and associated inflammatory disorders, among which host immunity is an important contributor to this interaction. Innate immunity can be activated aberrantly because of the systemic inflammation induced by periodontitis. This aberrant activation not only exacerbates periodontal tissue damage but also impairs systemic health, triggering or aggravating inflammatory comorbidities. Therefore, innate immunity is a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis and associated inflammatory comorbidities. This review delineates analogous aberrations of innate immune cells in periodontitis and comorbid conditions such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanisms behind these changes in innate immune cells are discussed, including trained immunity and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which can mediate the abnormal activation and myeloid-biased differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Besides, the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which have immunosuppressive and osteolytic effects on peripheral tissues, also contributes to the interaction between periodontitis and its inflammatory comorbidities. The potential treatment targets for relieving the risk of both periodontitis and systemic conditions are also elucidated, such as the modulation of innate immunity cells and mediators, the regulation of trained immunity and CHIP, as well as the inhibition of MDSCs' expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Wu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaqiong Lu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China.
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Gille C. Trained Innate Immunity in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:e57-e59. [PMID: 38190648 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- From the Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- From the Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, Tuebingen University Children's Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- From the Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Han N, Li X, Du J, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. The impacts of oral and gut microbiota on alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1139-1147. [PMID: 37712722 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, primarily arises from infections and the invasion of periodontal pathogens. This condition is typified by alveolar bone loss resulting from host immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Periodontal pathogens trigger aberrant inflammatory reactions within periodontal tissues, thereby exacerbating the progression of periodontitis. Simultaneously, these pathogens and metabolites stimulate osteoclast differentiation, which leads to alveolar bone resorption. Moreover, a range of systemic diseases, including diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, can contribute to the development and progression of periodontitis. Many studies have underscored the pivotal role of gut microbiota in bone health through the gut-alveolar bone axis. The circulation may facilitate the transfer of gut pathogens or metabolites to distant alveolar bone, which in turn regulates bone homeostasis. Additionally, gut pathogens can elicit gut immune responses and direct immune cells to remote organs, potentially exacerbating periodontitis. This review summarizes the influence of oral microbiota on the development of periodontitis as well as the association between gut microbiota and periodontitis. By uncovering potential mechanisms of the gut-bone axis, this analysis provides novel insights for the targeted treatment of pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology, Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mukherjee S, Skrede S, Haugstøyl M, López M, Fernø J. Peripheral and central macrophages in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232171. [PMID: 37720534 PMCID: PMC10501731 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Excessive nutrient intake causes adipose tissue expansion, which may in turn cause cellular stress that triggers infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells from the circulation as well as activation of cells that are residing in the adipose tissue. In particular, the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are important in the pathogenesis of obesity. A pro-inflammatory activation is also found in other organs which are important for energy metabolism, such as the liver, muscle and the pancreas, which may stimulate the development of obesity-related co-morbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Interestingly, it is now clear that obesity-induced pro-inflammatory signaling also occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), and that pro-inflammatory activation of immune cells in the brain may be involved in appetite dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. More recently, it has become evident that microglia, the resident macrophages of the CNS that drive neuroinflammation, may also be activated in obesity and can be relevant for regulation of hypothalamic feeding circuits. In this review, we focus on the action of peripheral and central macrophages and their potential roles in metabolic disease, and how macrophages interact with other immune cells to promote inflammation during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Mukherjee
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silje Skrede
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martha Haugstøyl
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Lajqi T, Köstlin-Gille N, Bauer R, Zarogiannis SG, Lajqi E, Ajeti V, Dietz S, Kranig SA, Rühle J, Demaj A, Hebel J, Bartosova M, Frommhold D, Hudalla H, Gille C. Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030766. [PMID: 36979747 PMCID: PMC10045728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has been challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate immune cells are capable of exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness to subsequent challenges, a process known as trained immunity (known also as innate memory). In contrast, the refractory state of endotoxin tolerance has been defined as an immunosuppressive state of myeloid cells portrayed by a significant reduction in the inflammatory capacity. Both training as well tolerance as adaptive features are reported to be accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring in cells. While training conveys proper protection against secondary infections, the induction of endotoxin tolerance promotes repairing mechanisms in the cells. Consequently, the inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting an increased susceptibility to secondary infections—tolerance, or contribute to the progression of the inflammatory disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at the discussion of these opposing manners of innate immune and non-immune cells, describing the molecular, metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms involved and interpreting the clinical implications in various inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trim Lajqi
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Natascha Köstlin-Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sotirios G. Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, GR-41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Esra Lajqi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valdrina Ajeti
- Department of Pharmacy, Alma Mater Europaea—Campus College Rezonanca, XK-10000 Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon A. Kranig
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Rühle
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ardian Demaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Tetovo, MK-1200 Tetova, North Macedonia
| | - Janine Hebel
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Klinik für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, D-87700 Memmingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gille
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.G.)
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Cai Q, Zhao X, Dong L, Zhang X, Wang C, Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Wang S, Liu L, Hu A. Keeping obesity status is a risk factor of hypertension onset: evidence from a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170334. [PMID: 37181695 PMCID: PMC10173577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate the association of obesity status change with hypertension onset based on a community-based longitudinal cohort study in North China. Methods This longitudinal study included 3,581 individuals free of hypertension at baseline in the first survey (2011-2012). All participants were followed up (2018-2019). According to the criteria, a total of 2,618 individuals were collected for analysis. We used adjusted Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to estimate the association between obesity status change and hypertension onset. Additionally, we applied the forest plot to visualize the subgroup analysis including age, gender, and the differences in some variables between baseline and follow-up. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the stability of our results. Results Over nearly 7 years of follow-up, a total of 811 (31%) developed hypertension. The new hypertension incidence was mostly observed in those who were obese all the time (P for trend < 0.01). In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, being obese all the time increased the risk of hypertension by 30.10% [HR 4.01 (95% CI 2.20-7.32)]. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed the change in obesity status as an important feature to predict the occurrence of hypertension. Sensitivity analysis shows a consistent trend between the change in obesity status and hypertension onset in all populations. Subgroup analysis showed that age above 60 years was an important risk factor for hypertension onset, that men were more likely than women to develop hypertension, and that weight control was beneficial in avoiding future hypertension in women. There were statistically significant differences in ΔBMI, ΔSBP, ΔDBP, and ΔbaPWV between the four groups, and all variables, except baPWV changes, increased the risk of future hypertension. Conclusion Our study shows that obese status was notably associated with a significant risk of hypertension onset among the Chinese community-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Cai
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Liguang Dong
- Center for Health Care Management, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League, Beijing, China
| | | | - Aihua Hu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aihua Hu
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Bindu S, Dandapat S, Manikandan R, Dinesh M, Subbaiyan A, Mani P, Dhawan M, Tiwari R, Bilal M, Emran TB, Mitra S, Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alawi ZA, Alhumaid S, Dhama K. Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2040238. [PMID: 35240935 PMCID: PMC9009931 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and transcriptional events to enable them to provide nonspecific defense against the subsequent encounters with a range of pathogens and acquire a quicker and more robust immune response, but different from the adaptive immune memory. Reversing the epigenetic changes or targeting the immunological pathways may be considered potential therapeutic approaches to counteract the hyper-responsive or hypo-responsive state of trained immunity. The efficient regulation of immune homeostasis and promotion or inhibition of immune responses is required for a balanced response. Trained immunity-based vaccines can serve as potent immune stimuli and help in the clearance of pathogens in the body through multiple or heterologous effects and confer protection against nonspecific and specific pathogens. This review highlights various features of trained immunity and its applications in developing novel therapeutics and vaccines, along with certain detrimental effects, challenges as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Bindu
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyabrata Dandapat
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendran Manikandan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Murali Dinesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pashupathi Mani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangldesh
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zainab Al Alawi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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van der Valk ES, Mulder DS, Kouwenhoven T, Nagtzaam NMA, van Rossum EFC, Dik WA, Leenen PJM. Monocyte adaptations in patients with obesity during a 1.5 year lifestyle intervention. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022361. [PMID: 36466916 PMCID: PMC9716348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is reflected in altered peripheral blood monocyte characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the monocyte subset composition (classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical monocytes (NCM)), and their inflammatory marker profile (CD14, CD16, CD36, CD45, CD64, CD300e, HLA-DR) in individuals with obesity during a 1.5 year combined lifestyle intervention (CLI), comprising healthy nutrition, increased exercise and behavioral changes. METHODS We analyzed monocyte subset counts and immunophenotypes in 73 individuals with obesity, and associated these to baseline body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The measurements were repeated after 10 weeks and at the end of the intervention (1.5 years). RESULTS Generally, monocyte subset counts were not associated to BMI or WC at baseline, neither did monocyte counts change during the 1.5 year CLI. Immunophenotypically, higher baseline BMI and WC were associated to lower CD14 and higher CD300e expression by all subsets. During CLI there were remarkable changes in marker profiles: expression of CD14, CD36, CD45 and CD64 significantly decreased in CM and IM, as did CD16 (IM and NCM) (p<0.05). CD300e initially decreased after 10 weeks, but increased sharply at 1.5 years (all subsets). We observed no consistent associations between changes in monocyte characteristics and anthropometric changes. CONCLUSION A 1.5 year CLI in individuals with obesity mediates persistent immunophenotypic adaptations related to cellular activation in blood monocytes, whereas changes in subset distribution are limited. Lifestyle-induced changes in the inflammatory profile of monocytes differ from the 'less-severe-obesity'-phenotype, suggesting a novel, 'post-weight-loss' monocyte setpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline S. van der Valk
- Obesity Center Centrum Gezond Gewicht (CGG), Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniël S. Mulder
- Obesity Center Centrum Gezond Gewicht (CGG), Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tessa Kouwenhoven
- Obesity Center Centrum Gezond Gewicht (CGG), Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Obesity Center Centrum Gezond Gewicht (CGG), Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Chen Y, Luo M, Cheng Y, Huang Y, He Q. A nomogram to predict prolonged stay of obesity patients with sepsis in ICU: Relevancy for predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory healthcare strategies. Front Public Health 2022; 10:944790. [PMID: 36033731 PMCID: PMC9403617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.944790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In an era of increasingly expensive intensive care costs, it is essential to evaluate early whether the length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of obesity patients with sepsis will be prolonged. On the one hand, it can reduce costs; on the other hand, it can reduce nosocomial infection. Therefore, this study aimed to verify whether ICU prolonged LOS was significantly associated with poor prognosis poor in obesity patients with sepsis and develop a simple prediction model to personalize the risk of ICU prolonged LOS for obesity patients with sepsis. Method In total, 14,483 patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database were randomized to the training set (3,606 patients) and validation set (1,600 patients). The potential predictors of ICU prolonged LOS among various factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. For internal and external validation, a nomogram was developed and performed. Results ICU prolonged LOS was defined as the third quartile of ICU LOS or more for all sepsis patients and demonstrated to be significantly associated with the mortality in ICU by logistic regression analysis. When entering the ICU, seven independent risk factors were identified: maximum white blood cell, minimum white blood cell, use of ventilation, Glasgow Coma Scale, minimum albumin, maximum respiratory rate, and minimum red blood cell distribution width. In the internal validation set, the area under the curve was 0.73, while in the external validation set, it was 0.78. The calibration curves showed that this model predicted probability due to actually observed probability. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram had a high clinical net benefit. Conclusion In obesity patients with sepsis, we created a novel nomogram to predict the risk of ICU prolonged LOS. This prediction model is accurate and reliable, and it can assist patients and clinicians in determining prognosis and making clinical decisions.
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11
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Zieleniewska NA, Kazberuk M, Chlabicz M, Eljaszewicz A, Kamiński K. Trained Immunity as a Trigger for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease-A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123369. [PMID: 35743439 PMCID: PMC9224533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and represents a primary public health challenge. This chronic state may lead to a number of life-threatening conditions, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Lipid metabolism alterations and inflammation remain at the forefront of the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the overall mechanism is not yet fully understood. Recently, significant effects of trained immunity on atherosclerotic plaque formation and development have been reported. An increased reaction to restimulation with the same stimulator is a hallmark of the trained innate immune response. The impact of trained immunity is a prominent factor in both acute and chronic coronary syndrome, which we outline in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Anna Zieleniewska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland; (N.A.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, Teaching University Hospital of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kazberuk
- Scientific Group of Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland; (N.A.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Teaching University Hospital of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Eljaszewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karol Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland; (N.A.Z.); (M.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, Teaching University Hospital of Białystok, 15-259 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sistrunk C, Tolbert N, Sanchez-Pino MD, Erhunmwunsee L, Wright N, Jones V, Hyslop T, Miranda-Carboni G, Dietze EC, Martinez E, George S, Ochoa AC, Winn RA, Seewaldt VL. Impact of Federal, State, and Local Housing Policies on Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease in Black/African American Men and Women: From Policy to Pathways to Biology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:756734. [PMID: 35509276 PMCID: PMC9058117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.756734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Racist and discriminatory federal, state, and local housing policies significantly contribute to disparities in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality for individuals that self-identify as Black or African American. Here we highlight three key housing policies - "redlining," zoning, and the construction of highways - which have wrought a powerful, sustained, and destructive impact on cardiovascular health in Black/African American communities. Redlining and highway construction policies have restricted access to quality health care, increased exposure to carcinogens such as PM2.5, and increased exposure to extreme heat. At the root of these policy decisions are longstanding, toxic societal factors including racism, segregation, and discrimination, which also serve to perpetuate racial inequities in cardiovascular health. Here, we review these societal and structural factors and then link them with biological processes such as telomere shortening, allostatic load, oxidative stress, and tissue inflammation. Lastly, we focus on the impact of inflammation on the immune system and the molecular mechanisms by which the inflamed immune microenvironment promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. We propose that racial residential segregation and discrimination increases tissue inflammation and cytokine production, resulting in dysregulated immune signaling, which promotes plaque formation and cardiovascular disease. This framework has the power to link structural racism not only to cardiovascular disease, but also to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora Tolbert
- Department of Cardiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Maria Dulfary Sanchez-Pino
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Nikita Wright
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Jones
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Eric C. Dietze
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ernest Martinez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sophia George
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Augusto C. Ochoa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Robert A. Winn
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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13
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Hajishengallis G, Li X, Divaris K, Chavakis T. Maladaptive trained immunity and clonal hematopoiesis as potential mechanistic links between periodontitis and inflammatory comorbidities. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:215-230. [PMID: 35244943 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is bidirectionally associated with systemic inflammatory disorders. The prevalence and severity of this oral disease and linked comorbidities increases with aging. Here, we review two newly emerged concepts, trained innate immunity (TII) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which together support a potential hypothesis on how periodontitis affects and is affected by comorbidities and why the susceptibility to periodontitis and comorbidities increases with aging. Given that chronic diseases are largely triggered by the action of inflammatory immune cells, modulation of their bone marrow precursors, the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), may affect multiple disorders that emerge as comorbidities. Such alterations in HSPCs can be mediated by TII and/or CHIP, two non-mutually exclusive processes sharing a bias for enhanced myelopoiesis and production of innate immune cells with heightened proinflammatory potential. TII is a state of elevated immune responsiveness based on innate immune (epigenetic) memory. Systemic inflammation can initiate TII in the bone marrow via sustained rewiring of HSPCs, which thereby display a skewing toward the myeloid lineage, resulting in generation of hyper-reactive or "trained" myeloid cells. CHIP arises from aging-related somatic mutations in HSPCs, which confer a survival and proliferation advantage to the mutant HSPCs and give rise to an outsized fraction of hyper-inflammatory mutant myeloid cells in the circulation and tissues. This review discusses emerging evidence that supports the notion that TII and CHIP may underlie a causal and age-related association between periodontitis and comorbidities. A holistic mechanistic understanding of the periodontitis-systemic disease connection may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatrics and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Faia C, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Vittori C, Wyczechowska D, Lassak A, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Attenuated Negative Feedback in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages From Persons Living With HIV: A Role for IKAROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785905. [PMID: 34917094 PMCID: PMC8668949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing secondary illnesses than their uninfected counterparts, suggestive of a dysfunctional immune system in these individuals. Upon exposure to pathogens, monocytes undergo epigenetic remodeling that results in either a trained or a tolerant phenotype, characterized by hyper-responsiveness or hypo-responsiveness to secondary stimuli, respectively. We utilized CD14+ monocytes from virally suppressed PLWH and healthy controls for in vitro analysis following polarization of these cells toward a pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype. We found that in PLWH-derived MDMs, pro-inflammatory signals (TNFA, IL6, IL1B, miR-155-5p, and IDO1) dominate over negative feedback signals (NCOR2, GSN, MSC, BIN1, and miR-146a-5p), favoring an abnormally trained phenotype. The mechanism of this reduction in negative feedback involves the attenuated expression of IKZF1, a transcription factor required for de novo synthesis of RELA during LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, restoring IKZF1 expression in PLWH-MDMs partially reinstated expression of negative regulators of inflammation and lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this mechanism may provide a link between dysfunctional immune responses and susceptibility to co-morbidities in PLWH with low or undetectable viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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15
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Jia X, Yang R, Li J, Zhao L, Zhou X, Xu X. Gut-Bone Axis: A Non-Negligible Contributor to Periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752708. [PMID: 34869062 PMCID: PMC8637199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Systemic diseases or local infections, such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, promote the development and progression of periodontitis. Accumulating evidences have revealed the pivotal effects of gut microbiota on bone health via gut-alveolar-bone axis. Gut pathogens or metabolites may translocate to distant alveolar bone via circulation and regulate bone homeostasis. In addition, gut pathogens can induce aberrant gut immune responses and subsequent homing of immunocytes to distant organs, contributing to pathological bone loss. Gut microbial translocation also enhances systemic inflammation and induces trained myelopoiesis in the bone marrow, which potentially aggravates periodontitis. Furthermore, gut microbiota possibly affects bone health via regulating the production of hormone or hormone-like substances. In this review, we discussed the links between gut microbiota and periodontitis, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms of gut-bone axis by which systemic diseases or local infections contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Duggan BM, Tamrakar AK, Barra NG, Anhê FF, Paniccia G, Wallace JG, Stacey HD, Surette MG, Miller MS, Sloboda DM, Schertzer JD. Gut microbiota-based vaccination engages innate immunity to improve blood glucose control in obese mice. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101404. [PMID: 34839023 PMCID: PMC8693341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity and diabetes increase circulating levels of microbial components derived from the gut microbiota. Individual bacterial factors (i.e., postbiotics) can have opposing effects on blood glucose. Methods We tested the net effect of gut bacterial extracts on blood glucose in mice using a microbiota-based vaccination strategy. Results Male and female mice had improved glucose and insulin tolerance five weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of a specific dose of a bacterial extract obtained from the luminal contents of the upper small intestine (SI), lower SI, or cecum. Injection of mice with intestinal extracts from germ-free mice revealed that bacteria were required for a microbiota-based vaccination to improve blood glucose control. Vaccination of Nod1−/−, Nod2−/−, and Ripk2−/− mice showed that each of these innate immune proteins was required for bacterial extract injection to improve blood glucose control. A microbiota-based vaccination promoted an immunoglobulin-G (IgG) response directed against bacterial extract antigens, where subcutaneous injection of mice with the luminal contents of the lower SI elicited a bacterial extract-specific IgG response that is compartmentalized to the lower SI of vaccinated mice. A microbiota-based vaccination was associated with an altered microbiota composition in the lower SI and colon of mice. Lean mice only required a single injection of small intestinal-derived bacterial extract, but high fat diet (HFD)-fed, obese mice required prime-boost bacterial extract injections for improvements in blood glucose control. Conclusions Subversion of the gut barrier by vaccination with a microbiota-based extract engages innate immunity to promote long-lasting improvements in blood glucose control in a dose-dependent manner. Subcutaneous injection of gut bacterial extracts improved blood glucose control in mice. Microbiota-based vaccination engaged NOD1-NOD2-RIPK2 to alter blood glucose. Microbiota-based vaccination promoted a proximal gut IgG response. Microbiota-based vaccination altered the composition of the gut microbiome. Obese mice required prime-boost injections to improve blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Fernando F Anhê
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gabriella Paniccia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jessica G Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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17
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Hulme KD, Noye EC, Short KR, Labzin LI. Dysregulated Inflammation During Obesity: Driving Disease Severity in Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Infections. Front Immunol 2021; 12:770066. [PMID: 34777390 PMCID: PMC8581451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a critical host defense response during viral infection. When dysregulated, inflammation drives immunopathology and tissue damage. Excessive, damaging inflammation is a hallmark of both pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) infections and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Chronic, low-grade inflammation is also a feature of obesity. In recent years, obesity has been recognized as a growing pandemic with significant mortality and associated costs. Obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased disease severity and death during both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review focuses on the effect of obesity on the inflammatory response in the context of viral respiratory infections and how this leads to increased viral pathology. Here, we will review the fundamentals of inflammation, how it is initiated in IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its link to disease severity. We will examine how obesity drives chronic inflammation and trained immunity and how these impact the immune response to IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we review both medical and non-medical interventions for obesity, how they impact on the inflammatory response and how they could be used to prevent disease severity in obese patients. As projections of global obesity numbers show no sign of slowing down, future pandemic preparedness will require us to consider the metabolic health of the population. Furthermore, if weight-loss alone is insufficient to reduce the risk of increased respiratory virus-related mortality, closer attention must be paid to a patient’s history of health, and new therapeutic options identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D Hulme
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ellesandra C Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Chavakis T, Wielockx B, Hajishengallis G. Inflammatory Modulation of Hematopoiesis: Linking Trained Immunity and Clonal Hematopoiesis with Chronic Disorders. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:183-207. [PMID: 34614373 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-013627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-adapted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have long been appreciated as key drivers of emergency myelopoiesis, thereby enabling the bone marrow to meet the elevated demand for myeloid cell generation under various stress conditions, such as systemic infection, inflammation, or myelosuppressive insults. In recent years, HSPC adaptations were associated with potential involvement in the induction of long-lived trained immunity and the emergence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Whereas trained immunity has context-dependent effects, protective in infections and tumors but potentially detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases, CHIP increases the risk for hematological neoplastic disorders and cardiometabolic pathologies. This review focuses on the inflammatory regulation of HSPCs in the aforementioned processes and discusses how modulation of HSPC function could lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; ,
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; ,
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030, USA;
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19
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Mrázová J, Bӧtӧšová S, Kopčeková J, Lenártová P, Gažarová M, Habánová M, Jančichová K. Monitoring of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in adult men. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the monitoring of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the young population, which significantly contribute to the origin and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as peripheral artery diseases, atherosclerosis, stroke, and others. We focused on a group of young adult men (n = 110) in the age range of 30 to 50 years, which we selected from the database of 800 patients hospitalized in the Cardio Center in Nitra during 2010 – 2020. When evaluating the influence of meat products consumption frequency on biochemical parameters and BMI, we recorded a statistically significant effect at the level of p <0.05 in the evaluation of meat products such as salami, brawn, and sausages. When consuming sausages, BMI values also increased with increasing frequency of consumption. The effect on BMI was also observed when eating salami, between consuming 1 – 2 times a week and not at all. We recorded a statistically significant effect (p <0.05) in frequent consumption of brawn (1 – 2 weeks) on the level of HDL cholesterol. The most frequent fish consumption was 1 – 2 times a month for freshwater (51.8%) and marine fish (56.3%). Daily consumption of fruit was reported in 64.6% of men, while daily consumption of vegetables was recorded in only 44.6% of men. In the lifestyle assessment, we focused on probands' time spent on physical activity. Only 35.5% of men stated that they spend more than an hour a day on physical activity. 40% of men from the surveyed respondents were active smokers. Another risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is stress, which significantly affected up to 42.7% of respondents. Nutrition and lifestyle play an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, which significantly affect blood lipid parameters, vascular endothelial elasticity, and factors determining the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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20
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Zhang Y, Fan G, Liu X, Skovgaard K, Sturek M, Heegaard PM. The genome of the naturally evolved obesity-prone Ossabaw miniature pig. iScience 2021; 24:103081. [PMID: 34585119 PMCID: PMC8455653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The feral pigs of Ossabaw Island (USA) have an outstanding propensity to obesity and develop complete metabolic syndrome (MetS) upon prolonged high energy dieting. We now report the first high quality genome of the Ossabaw pig with Contig N50 of ∼6.03 Mb, significantly higher than most other published pig genomes. Genomic comparison to Duroc reveals that variations including SNPs, INDELs and one ∼2 Mb inversion identified in Ossabaw pig may be related to its "thrifty" phenotype. Finally, an important positively selected gene (PSG) was found to be LEPR (leptin receptor) containing two positively selected sites which may lead to pseudogenization of this gene with possible significant effects on obesity and inflammation development. This work provides the first complete mapping of a genome representing a naturally 'feast and famine' evolved phenotype of MetS, serving as a blueprint to guide the search for new targets and new biomarkers for obesity comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolei Zhang
- Translational Immunology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Translational Immunology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter M.H. Heegaard
- Translational Immunology Group, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Innate Immunology Group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Noye EC, Bekkering S, Limawan AP, Nguyen MU, Widiasmoko LK, Lu H, Pepe S, Cheung MM, Menheniott TR, Wallace MJ, Moss TJ, Burgner DP, Short KR. Postnatal inflammation in ApoE-/- mice is associated with immune training and atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1859-1871. [PMID: 34296277 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This may reflect a legacy of inflammatory exposures such as chorioamnionitis which complicate pregnancies delivering preterm, or recurrent early-life infections, which are common in preterm infants. We previously reported that experimental chorioamnionitis followed by postnatal inflammation has additive and deleterious effects on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Here, we aimed to investigate whether innate immune training is a contributory inflammatory mechanism in this murine model of atherosclerosis. METHODS Bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages were isolated from 13-week-old ApoE-/- mice, previously exposed to prenatal intra-amniotic (experimental choriomanionitis) and/or repeated postnatal (peritoneal) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Innate immune responses were assessed by cytokine responses following ex vivo stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (LPS, Pam3Cys) and RPMI for 24-h. Bone marrow progenitor populations were studied using flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Following postnatal LPS exposure, bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines following TLR stimulation than those from saline-treated controls, characteristic of a trained phenotype. Cytokine production ex vivo correlated with atherosclerosis severity in vivo. Prenatal LPS did not affect cytokine production capacity. Combined prenatal and postnatal LPS exposure was associated with a reduction in populations of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal inflammation results in a trained phenotype in atherosclerosis-prone mice that is not enhanced by prenatal inflammation. If analogous mechanisms occur in humans, then there may be novel early life opportunities to reduce CVD risk in infants with early life infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellesandra C Noye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P Limawan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Maria U Nguyen
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lisa K Widiasmoko
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Hui Lu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- The Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Salvatore Pepe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael M Cheung
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Trevelyan R Menheniott
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan J Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Timothy J Moss
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Infection and food combine to cause atherosclerotic coronary heart disease - Review and hypothesis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 35:100807. [PMID: 34286061 PMCID: PMC8273202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothesis It is hypothesised that a combination of childhood and later life infections and excess food consumption, particularly of Western style food, initiates and contributes to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. To consider this hypothesis we have conducted a brief review of the role of childhood infections, food, and their combined influence on atherosclerosis. Evidence (i) Studies of populations with high prevalence of infections and low “hunter gather” like food consumption, have extremely low prevalence of atherosclerosis, (ii) there are consistent associations between infections in childhood and adult atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, (iii) there is an association between increased body weight, (an indication of excess eating), and atherosclerotic heart disease, and (iv) there is evidence that a combination of increased body weight and infections influences the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Infections do not appear to act independently to cause atherosclerosis. A combination of both food and infection appears to be required to cause atheroma. Conclusion The hypothesis that infections when combined with excess eating initiates atherosclerosis, is plausible. Action Action aimed at prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease is possible. There are three safe approaches to prevention (i) encouragement of Mediterranean like diets, (ii) avoidance of overeating and (iii) vigorous control of infections among all age groups. There is a need to monitor patients with a history of serious childhood infections and poor nutrition. In addition, for high risk subjects, cholesterol lowering statins are of proven and safe value.
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23
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Teunissen AJ, van Leent MM, Prevot G, Brechbühl EE, Pérez-Medina C, Duivenvoorden R, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJ. Targeting Trained Innate Immunity With Nanobiologics to Treat Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1839-1850. [PMID: 33882685 PMCID: PMC8159873 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J.P. Teunissen
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Mandy M.T. van Leent
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geoffrey Prevot
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Eliane E.S. Brechbühl
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Institute of Materials, School of Engineering (STI), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Willem J.M. Mulder
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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24
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Sanchez-Pino MD, Gilmore LA, Ochoa AC, Brown JC. Obesity-Associated Myeloid Immunosuppressive Cells, Key Players in Cancer Risk and Response to Immunotherapy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:944-953. [PMID: 33616242 PMCID: PMC8154641 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for developing several cancers. The dysfunctional metabolism and chronic activation of inflammatory pathways in obesity create a milieu that supports tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Obesity-associated metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory mediators, besides interacting with cells leading to a malignant transformation, also modify the intrinsic metabolic and functional characteristics of immune myeloid cells. Here, the evidence supporting the hypothesis that obesity metabolically primes and promotes the expansion of myeloid cells with immunosuppressive and pro-oncogenic properties is discussed. In consequence, the accumulation of these cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and some subtypes of adipose-tissue macrophages, creates a microenvironment conducive to tumor development. In this review, the role of lipids, insulin, and leptin, which are dysregulated in obesity, is emphasized, as well as dietary nutrients in metabolic reprogramming of these myeloid cells. Moreover, emerging evidence indicating that obesity enhances immunotherapy response and hypothesized mechanisms are summarized. Priorities in deeper exploration involving the mechanisms of cross talk between metabolic disorders and myeloid cells related to cancer risk in patients with obesity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dulfary Sanchez-Pino
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Augusto C. Ochoa
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Justin C. Brown
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- LSU Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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25
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Han K, Singh K, Rodman MJ, Hassanzadeh S, Baumer Y, Huffstutler RD, Chen J, Candia J, Cheung F, Stagliano KER, Pirooznia M, Powell-Wiley TM, Sack MN. Identification and Validation of Nutrient State-Dependent Serum Protein Mediators of Human CD4 + T Cell Responsiveness. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051492. [PMID: 33924911 PMCID: PMC8146063 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting and fasting mimetic diets ameliorate inflammation. Similarly, serum extracted from fasted healthy and asthmatic subjects' blunt inflammation in vitro, implicating serum components in this immunomodulation. To identify the proteins orchestrating these effects, SOMAScan technology was employed to evaluate serum protein levels in healthy subjects following an overnight, 24-h fast and 3 h after refeeding. Partial least square discriminant analysis identified several serum proteins as potential candidates to confer feeding status immunomodulation. The characterization of recombinant IGFBP1 (elevated following 24 h of fasting) and PYY (elevated following refeeding) in primary human CD4+ T cells found that they blunted and induced immune activation, respectively. Furthermore, integrated univariate serum protein analysis compared to RNA-seq analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified the induction of IL1RL1 and MFGE8 levels in refeeding compared to the 24-h fasting in the same study. Subsequent quantitation of these candidate proteins in lean versus obese individuals identified an inverse regulation of serum levels in the fasted subjects compared to the obese subjects. In parallel, IL1RL1 and MFGE8 supplementation promoted increased CD4+ T responsiveness to T cell receptor activation. Together, these data show that caloric load-linked conditions evoke serological protein changes, which in turn confer biological effects on circulating CD4+ T cell immune responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Han
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Komudi Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthew J. Rodman
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Shahin Hassanzadeh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.B.); (T.M.P.-W.)
| | - Rebecca D. Huffstutler
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Julián Candia
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Katherine E. R. Stagliano
- Center of Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.C.); (J.C.); (F.C.); (K.E.R.S.)
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.B.); (T.M.P.-W.)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael N. Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (K.H.); (M.J.R.); (S.H.)
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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26
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Bekkering S, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Netea MG. Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:667-693. [PMID: 33637018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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27
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Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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C1q Complement/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Associated Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9010012. [PMID: 33804408 PMCID: PMC7931048 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
With continually improving treatment strategies and patient care, the overall mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been significantly reduced. However, this success is a double-edged sword, as many patients who survive cardiovascular complications will progress towards a chronic disorder over time. A family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q complement/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-associated proteins (CTRPs) has been found to play a role in the development of CVD. CTRPs, which are comprised of 15 members, CTRP1 to CTRP15, are secreted from different organs/tissues and exhibit diverse functions, have attracted increasing attention because of their roles in maintaining inner homeostasis by regulating metabolism, inflammation, and immune surveillance. In particular, studies indicate that CTRPs participate in the progression of CVD, influencing its prognosis. This review aims to improve understanding of the role of CTRPs in the cardiovascular system by analyzing current knowledge. In particular, we examine the association of CTRPs with endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, and diabetes, which are the basis for development of CVD. Additionally, the recently emerged novel coronavirus (COVID-19), officially known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been found to trigger severe cardiovascular injury in some patients, and evidence indicates that the mortality of COVID-19 is much higher in patients with CVD than without CVD. Understanding the relationship of CTRPs and the SARS-CoV-2-related damage to the cardiovascular system, as well as the potential mechanisms, will achieve a profound insight into a therapeutic strategy to effectively control CVD and reduce the mortality rate.
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29
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Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:426-440. [PMID: 33510490 PMCID: PMC7841384 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 171.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is epidemiologically associated with other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including cardio-metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence from interventional studies indicates that local treatment of periodontitis ameliorates surrogate markers of comorbid conditions. The potential causal link between periodontitis and its comorbidities is further strengthened by recent experimental animal studies establishing biologically plausible and clinically consistent mechanisms whereby periodontitis could initiate or aggravate a comorbid condition. This multi-faceted ‘mechanistic causality’ aspect of the link between periodontitis and comorbidities is the focus of this Review. Understanding how certain extra-oral pathologies are affected by disseminated periodontal pathogens and periodontitis-associated systemic inflammation, including adaptation of bone marrow haematopoietic progenitors, may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated comorbidities. Periodontitis has been causally linked to the development of other chronic inflammatory diseases outside the oral mucosa. In this Review, George Hajishengallis and Triantafyllos Chavakis consider the molecular basis of these links.
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30
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Pant R, Firmal P, Shah VK, Alam A, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis in Development of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619888. [PMID: 33511131 PMCID: PMC7835429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the biggest public health concerns identified by an increase in adipose tissue mass as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Pertaining to the importance of adipose tissue in various biological processes, any alteration in its function results in impaired metabolic health. In this review, we discuss how adipose tissue maintains the metabolic health through secretion of various adipokines and inflammatory mediators and how its dysfunction leads to the development of severe metabolic disorders and influences cancer progression. Impairment in the adipocyte function occurs due to individuals' genetics and/or environmental factor(s) that largely affect the epigenetic profile leading to altered gene expression and onset of obesity in adults. Moreover, several crucial aspects of adipose biology, including the regulation of different transcription factors, are controlled by epigenetic events. Therefore, understanding the intricacies of adipogenesis is crucial for recognizing its relevance in underlying disease conditions and identifying the therapeutic interventions for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Goa, India
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31
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Restrepo BI, Khan A, Singh VK, Erica de-Leon, Aguillón-Durán GP, Ledezma-Campos E, Canaday DH, Jagannath C. Human monocyte-derived macrophage responses to M. tuberculosis differ by the host's tuberculosis, diabetes or obesity status, and are enhanced by rapamycin. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 126:102047. [PMID: 33418150 PMCID: PMC7887072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human macrophages play a major role in controlling tuberculosis (TB), but their anti-mycobacterial mechanisms remain unclear among individuals with metabolic alterations like obesity (TB protective) or diabetes (TB risk). To help discern this, we aimed to: i) Evaluate the impact of the host's TB status or their comorbidities on the anti-mycobacterial responses of their monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and ii) determine if the autophagy inducer rapamycin, can enhance these responses. We used MDMs from newly diagnosed TB patients, their close contacts and unexposed controls. The MDMs from TB patients had a reduced capacity to activate T cells (surrogate for antigen presentation) or kill M. tuberculosis (Mtb) when compared to non-TB controls. The MDMs from obese participants had a higher antigen presenting capacity, whereas those from chronic diabetes patients displayed lower Mtb killing. The activation of MDMs with rapamycin led to an enhanced anti-mycobacterial activity irrespective of TB status but was not as effective in patients with diabetes. Further studies are warranted using MDMs from TB patients with or without metabolic comorbidities to: i) elucidate the mechanisms through which host factors affect Mtb responses, and ii) evaluate host directed therapy using autophagy-inducing drugs like rapamycin to enhance macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Restrepo
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 1214 W Schunior, Edinburg, TX, USA.
| | - Arshad Khan
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Weill-Cornell Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Weill-Cornell Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Erica de-Leon
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | - Génesis P Aguillón-Durán
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, One West University Blvd, Brownsville, TX, USA; Secretaria de Salud de Tamaulipas, Reynosa and Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.
| | | | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland, VA, OH, USA.
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Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Eleazu CO, Abu Bakar AB, Ahmad A, Usman UZ, Abdul Rahman WFW, Mohamed M. Protective effects of bee bread on testicular oxidative stress, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and lactate transport decline in obese male rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110781. [PMID: 33152939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and apoptosis are associated with obesity. Herein, we investigated the potential protective effect of bee bread, a natural bee product, on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as lactate transport in the testis of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed with normal chow (NC), HFD, HFD + bee bread (0.5 g/kg b.w./day) or HFD + orlistat (10 mg/kg b.w./day) for 12 weeks. Our results show significant decreases in the activities and mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod, Cat and Gpx), with significant increase in pro-inflammatory (Nf-κb, Tnf-α, iNos, Il-1β) and pro-apoptotic (p53, Bax, Bax/Bcl2, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3) genes in the testis of HFD group relative to the NC group. Furthermore, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was poorly expressed in the testis of the HFD group relative to the NC group. Similarly, the mRNA levels of glucose transporters (Glut1 and Glut3), monocarboxylate transporters (Mct2 and Mct4) and lactate dehydrogenase type C (Ldhc) decreased significantly, with decrease in lactate utilisation. Treatment with bee bread upregulated testicular antioxidant enzymes, downregulated inflammation and apoptosis, and increased PCNA immunoexpression, in addition to improving lactate transport. Taken together, our results suggest that bee bread is a promising natural product with the potential to improve male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Bagi Suleiman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B., 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Zaida Zakaria
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaidatul Akmal Othman
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chinedum Ogbonnaya Eleazu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Federal University Ndufu Alaike Ikwo, Abakiliki P.M.B. 10, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Basic Science and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Umar Zayyanu Usman
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahaneem Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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López-Reyes A, Martinez-Armenta C, Espinosa-Velázquez R, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Cruz-Ramos M, Palacios-Gonzalez B, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Martínez-Nava GA. NLRP3 Inflammasome: The Stormy Link Between Obesity and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570251. [PMID: 33193349 PMCID: PMC7662564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several countries around the world have faced an important obesity challenge for the past four decades as the result of an obesogenic environment. This disease has a multifactorial origin and it is associated with multiple comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and dyslipidemia. With regard to dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia is a well-known activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering adipokines and cytokines secretion which in addition induce a systemic inflammatory state that provides an adequate scenario for infections, particularly those mediated by viruses such as HIV, H1N1 influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and it is responsible for the pandemic that we are currently living. COVID-19 causes an aggressive immune response known as cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm that causes multiorgan failure and in most cases leads to death. In the present work, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms by which obesity-associated systemic inflammation could cause a more severe clinical presentation of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 infection could potentiate or accelerate the pre-existing systemic inflammatory state of individuals with obesity, via the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from cells trough Gasdermin-pores commonly found in cell death by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Martinez-Armenta
- Postgrado en Biología Experimental, Dirección de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Centro de Innovación Médica Aplicada, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marlid Cruz-Ramos
- Cátedras de Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Berenice Palacios-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Líquido Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
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Lauterbach MA, Latz E, Christ A. Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct and Mutual Effects of Diet and Inflammation in Shaping Systemic Metabolism in Ldlr-/- Mice. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10090336. [PMID: 32824900 PMCID: PMC7570335 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in modern dietary habits such as consumption of Western-type diets affect physiology on several levels, including metabolism and inflammation. It is currently unclear whether changes in systemic metabolism due to dietary interventions are long-lasting and affect acute inflammatory processes. Here, we investigated how high-fat diet (HFD) feeding altered systemic metabolism and the metabolomic response to inflammatory stimuli. We conducted metabolomic profiling of sera collected from Ldlr−/− mice on either regular chow diet (CD) or HFD, and after an additional low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. HFD feeding, as well as LPS treatment, elicited pronounced metabolic changes. HFD qualitatively altered the systemic metabolic response to LPS; particularly, serum concentrations of fatty acids and their metabolites varied between LPS-challenged mice on HFD or CD, respectively. To investigate whether systemic metabolic changes were sustained long-term, mice fed HFD were shifted back to CD after four weeks (HFD > CD). When shifted back to CD, serum metabolites returned to baseline levels, and so did the response to LPS. Our results imply that systemic metabolism rapidly adapts to dietary changes. The profound systemic metabolic rewiring observed in response to diet might affect immune cell reprogramming and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Lauterbach
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Anette Christ
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (A.C.)
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Goossens GH, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert NJ, Frühbeck G, Mullerova D, Woodward E, Holm JC. Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:439-452. [PMID: 32791497 PMCID: PMC7490508 DOI: 10.1159/000510719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is a major risk factor for the initiation, progression, and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), as a scientific and medical society dedicated to the promotion of health and well-being, is greatly concerned about the concomitant obesity and COVID-19 pandemics and their impact on health and society at large. In this perspective, we will address the inherent immunological perturbations and alterations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with obesity and COVID-19, and discuss how these impairments may underlie the increased susceptibility and more detrimental outcomes of COVID-19 in people with obesity. Clearly, this has important implications for preventive measures, vaccination, and future therapeutic strategies to combat COVID-19. Furthermore, we will highlight important knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research and recommendations for policy actions. Since many new reports on COVID-19 rapidly appear, the present perspective should be seen as a focus for discussion to drive forward further understanding, research initiatives, and clinical management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs H Goossens
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom,
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Dror Dicker
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Obesity Clinic, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie J Farpour-Lambert
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Obesity Prevention and Care Program Contrepoids, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, CIBEROBN, Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dana Mullerova
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Euan Woodward
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- European Association for the Study of Obesity Secretariat, Teddington, United Kingdom
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- European Association for the Study of Obesity, Teddington, United Kingdom
- The Children's Obesity Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, Holbæk University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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de Frel DL, Atsma DE, Pijl H, Seidell JC, Leenen PJM, Dik WA, van Rossum EFC. The Impact of Obesity and Lifestyle on the Immune System and Susceptibility to Infections Such as COVID-19. Front Nutr 2020; 7:597600. [PMID: 33330597 PMCID: PMC7711810 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.597600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a global challenge to healthcare. Obesity is common in patients with COVID-19 and seems to aggravate disease prognosis. In this review we explore the link between obesity, chronic disease, lifestyle factors and the immune system, and propose societal interventions to enhance global immunity. Search Strategy and Selection Criteria: We performed three literature searches using the keywords (1) coronavirus AND comorbidities, (2) comorbidities AND immune system, and (3) lifestyle factors AND immune system. Results were screened for relevance by the main author and a total of 215 articles were thoroughly analyzed. Results: The relationship between obesity and unfavorable COVID-19 prognosis is discussed in light of the impact of chronic disease and lifestyle on the immune system. Several modifiable lifestyle factors render us susceptible to viral infections. In this context, we make a case for fostering a healthy lifestyle on a global scale. Conclusions: Obesity, additional chronic disease and an unhealthy lifestyle interactively impair immune function and increase the risk of severe infectious disease. In adverse metabolic and endocrine conditions, the immune system is geared toward inflammation. Collective effort is needed to ameliorate modifiable risk factors for obesity and chronic disease on a global scale and increase resistance to viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L. de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Douwe E. Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Douwe E. Atsma
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jacob C. Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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