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Kang E, Yun B, Cha J, Suk HI, Shin EK. Neurodevelopmental imprints of sociomarkers in adolescent brain connectomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20921. [PMID: 39251706 PMCID: PMC11385853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural consequences of social disparities are not yet rigorously investigated. How socioeconomic conditions influence children's connectome development remains unknown. This paper endeavors to gauge how precisely the connectome structure of the brain can predict an individual's social environment, thereby inversely assessing how social influences are engraved in the neural development of the Adolescent brain. Utilizing Adolescent Brain and Cognition Development (ABCD) data (9099 children residing in the United States), we found that social conditions both at the household and neighborhood levels are significantly associated with specific neural connections. Solely with brain connectome data, we train a linear support vector machine (SVM) to predict socio-economic conditions of those adolescents. The classification performance generally improves when the thresholds of the advantageous and disadvantageous environments compartmentalize the extreme cases. Among the tested thresholds, the 20th and 80th percentile thresholds using the dual combination of household income and neighborhood education yielded the highest Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) of 0.8224. We identified 8 significant connections that critically contribute to predicting social environments in the parietal lobe and frontal lobe. Insights into social factors that contribute to early brain connectome development is critical to mitigate the disadvantages of children growing up in unfavorable neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsong Kang
- Department of Brain Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byungyeon Yun
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Il Suk
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Kyong Shin
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Leverett SD, Brady RG, Tooley UA, Lean RE, Tillman R, Wilson J, Ruscitti M, Triplett RL, Alexopoulos D, Gerstein ED, Smyser TA, Warner B, Luby JL, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Barch DM. Associations Between Parenting and Cognitive and Language Abilities at 2 Years of Age Depend on Prenatal Exposure to Disadvantage. J Pediatr 2024:114289. [PMID: 39233119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether parenting or neonatal brain volumes mediate associations between prenatal social disadvantage (SD) and cognitive/language abilities and whether these mechanisms vary by level of disadvantage. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant women were prospectively recruited from obstetric clinics in St Louis, Missouri. Prenatal SD encompassed access to social (eg, education) and material (eg, income-to-needs, health insurance, area deprivation, and nutrition) resources during pregnancy. Neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Mother-child dyads (N=202) returned at age 1-year for parenting observations and at age 2-years for cognition/language assessments (Bayley-III). Generalized additive and mediation models tested hypotheses. RESULTS Greater prenatal SD associated nonlinearly with poorer cognitive/language scores. Associations between parenting and cognition/language were moderated by disadvantage, such that supportive and non-supportive parenting behaviors related only to cognition/language in children with lesser prenatal SD. Parenting mediation effects differed by level of disadvantage: both supportive and non-supportive parenting mediated prenatal SD-cognition/language associations in children with lesser disadvantage, but not in children with greater disadvantage. Prenatal SD-associated reductions in neonatal subcortical grey matter (β=.19, q=.03), white matter (β=.23, q=.02), and total brain volume (β=.18, q=.03) were associated with lower cognition, but did not mediate associations between prenatal SD and cognition. CONCLUSIONS Parenting moderates and mediates associations between prenatal SD and early cognition and language, but only in families with less social disadvantage. These findings, although correlational, suggest that there may be a critical threshold of disadvantage, below which mediating or moderating factors become less effective, highlighting the importance of reducing disadvantage as primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby D Leverett
- Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Neurosciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis.
| | - Rebecca G Brady
- Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Neurosciences Program, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Rachel E Lean
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Jillian Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | | | | | | | | | - Tara A Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Barbara Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis
| | | | | | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
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Singh L, Rajendra SJ. Greater attention to socioeconomic status in developmental research can improve the external validity, generalizability, and replicability of developmental science. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13521. [PMID: 38661538 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Psychological researchers have been criticized for making broad presumptions about human behavior based on limited sampling. In part, presumptive generalizability is reflected in the limited representation of sociodemographic variation in research reports. In this analysis, we examine time-trends in reporting of a key sociodemographic construct relevant to many aspects of child development-socioeconomic status (SES)-across six mainstream developmental journals (Infancy, Child Development, Developmental Science, Developmental Psychology, Infant and Child Development, and Infant Behavior & Development) between 2016 and 2022. Findings point to limited reporting of SES across developmental journals and across time. Reporting rates varied significantly by region and by topic of development. In terms of specific indicators of SES, there was consistent use of income and caregiver education as SES indicators. The epistemic costs of the lack of integration of socio-economic factors in developmental research are addressed. Pathways to greater integration of SES are proposed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We analyzed reporting and representation of socioeconomic status in published studies on early child development. A large proportion of published studies did not report any socio-economic information. Suggestions for greater attention to socioeconomic status are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leher Singh
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sarah J Rajendra
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Milosavljevic B, Cook CJ, Fadera T, Ghillia G, Howard SJ, Makaula H, Mbye E, McCann S, Merkley R, Mshudulu M, Saidykhan M, Touray E, Tshetu N, Elwell C, Moore SE, Scerif G, Draper CE, Lloyd-Fox S. Executive functioning skills and their environmental predictors among pre-school aged children in South Africa and The Gambia. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13407. [PMID: 37128134 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) in early childhood are predictors of later developmental outcomes and school readiness. Much of the research on EFs and their psychosocial correlates has been conducted in high-income, minority world countries, which represent a small and biased portion of children globally. The aim of this study is to examine EFs among children aged 3-5 years in two African countries, South Africa (SA) and The Gambia (GM), and to explore shared and distinct predictors of EFs in these settings. The SA sample (N = 243, 51.9% female) was recruited from low-income communities within the Cape Town Metropolitan area. In GM, participants (N = 171, 49.7% female) were recruited from the rural West Kiang region. EFs, working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC) and cognitive flexibility (CF), were measured using tablet-based tasks. Associations between EF task performance and indicators of socioeconomic status (household assets, caregiver education) and family enrichment factors (enrichment activities, diversity of caregivers) were assessed. Participants in SA scored higher on all EF tasks, but children in both sites predominantly scored within the expected range for their age. There were no associations between EFs and household or familial variables in SA, except for a trend-level association between caregiver education and CF. Patterns were similar in GM, where there was a trend-level association between WM and enrichment activities but no other relationships. We challenge the postulation that children in low-income settings have poorer EFs, simply due to lower socioeconomic status, but highlight the need to identify predictors of EFs in diverse, global settings. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Assessed Executive Functioning (EF) skills and their psychosocial predictors among pre-school aged children (aged 3-5 years) in two African settings (The Gambia and South Africa). On average, children within each setting performed within the expected range for their age, although children in South Africa had higher scores across tasks. There was little evidence of any association between socioeconomic variables and EFs in either site. Enrichment activities were marginally associated with better working memory in The Gambia, and caregiver education with cognitive flexibility in South Africa, both associations were trend-level significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosiljka Milosavljevic
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Caylee J Cook
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tijan Fadera
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Giulia Ghillia
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven J Howard
- Early Start and School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hleliwe Makaula
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ebrima Mbye
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Samantha McCann
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Merkley
- Department of Cognitive Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mbulelo Mshudulu
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mariama Saidykhan
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Ebou Touray
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Nosibusiso Tshetu
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clare Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Nolte C, Michalska KJ, Nelson PM, Demir-Lira ӦE. Interactive roles of preterm-birth and socioeconomic status in cortical thickness of language-related brain structures: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Cortex 2024; 180:1-17. [PMID: 39243745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Preterm-born (PTB) children are at an elevated risk for neurocognitive difficulties in general and language difficulties more specifically. Environmental factors such as socio-economic status (SES) play a key role for Term children's language development. SES has been shown to predict PTB children's behavioral developmental trajectories, sometimes surpassing its role for Term children. However, the role of SES in the neurocognitive basis of PTB children's language development remains uncharted. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of SES in the neural basis of PTB children's language performance. Leveraging the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, the largest longitudinal study of adolescent brain development and behavior to date, we showed that prematurity status (PTB versus Term) and multiple aspects of SES additively predict variability in cortical thickness, which is in turn related to children's receptive vocabulary performance. We did not find evidence to support the differential role of environmental factors for PTB versus Term children, underscoring that environmental factors are significant contributors to development of both Term and PTB children. Taken together, our results suggest that the environmental factors influencing language development might exhibit similarities across the full spectrum of gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Nolte
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kalina J Michalska
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Paige M Nelson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ӧ Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Foster JC, Hodges HR, Beloborodova A, Cohodes EM, Phillips MQ, Anderson E, Fagbenro B, Gee DG. Integrating developmental neuroscience with community-engaged approaches to address mental health outcomes for housing-insecure youth: Implications for research, practice, and policy. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101399. [PMID: 38875770 PMCID: PMC11225708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
One in three children in the United States is exposed to insecure housing conditions, including unaffordable, inconsistent, and unsafe housing. These exposures have detrimental impacts on youth mental health. Delineating the neurobehavioral pathways linking exposure to housing insecurity with children's mental health has the potential to inform interventions and policy. However, in approaching this work, carefully considering the lived experiences of youth and families is essential to translating scientific discovery to improve health outcomes in an equitable and representative way. In the current paper, we provide an introduction to the range of stressful experiences that children may face when exposed to insecure housing conditions. Next, we highlight findings from the early-life stress literature regarding the potential neurobehavioral consequences of insecure housing, focusing on how unpredictability is associated with the neural circuitry supporting cognitive and emotional development. We then delineate how community-engaged research (CEnR) approaches have been leveraged to understand the effects of housing insecurity on mental health, and we propose future research directions that integrate developmental neuroscience research and CEnR approaches to maximize the impact of this work. We conclude by outlining practice and policy recommendations that aim to improve the mental health of children exposed to insecure housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Foster
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - H R Hodges
- University of Minnesota, Institute of Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Anna Beloborodova
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily M Cohodes
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dylan G Gee
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, CT, United States.
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7
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Moser C, Spencer-Smith MM, Anderson PJ, McIlroy A, Wood AG, Leventer RJ, Anderson VA, Siffredi V. Language and communication functioning in children and adolescents with agenesis of the corpus callosum. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 255:105448. [PMID: 39083998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The corpus callosum, the largest white matter inter-hemispheric pathway, is involved in language and communication. In a cohort of 15 children and adolescents (8-15 years) with developmental absence of the corpus callosum (AgCC), this study aimed to describe language and everyday communication functioning, and explored the role of anatomical factors, social risk, and non-verbal IQ in these outcomes. Standardised measures of language and everyday communication functioning, intellectual ability and social risk were used. AgCC classification and anterior commissure volume, a potential alternative pathway, were extracted from T1-weighted images. Participants with AgCC showed reduced receptive and expressive language compared with test norms, and high rates of language and communication impairments. Complete AgCC, higher social risk and lower non-verbal IQ were associated with communication difficulties. Anterior commissure volume was not associated with language and communication. Recognising heterogeneity in language and communication functioning enhances our understanding and suggests specific focuses for potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan M Spencer-Smith
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alissandra McIlroy
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; Aston Institute for Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Siffredi
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Thorson JC, Trumbell JM, Nesbitt K. Caregiver and child question types during a museum interaction. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401772. [PMID: 39045442 PMCID: PMC11263923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Children museums provide an engaging learning environment for families with exhibits designed to stimulate caregiver-child interactions. Specific types of questions have been shown to support child language learning by scaffolding more elaborative responses. This study analyzed the use of question form types during caregiver-child interactions in a children's museum, aiming to discern their correlation with child language proficiency. We examined and transcribed two exhibit explorations by 43 caregiver-child dyads (3- to 6-year-old children). Our analysis encompasses various syntactic question types (e.g., yes-no, wh-) and measures of child language proficiency, including lexical diversity, morphosyntactic complexity, and overall language ability. Findings reveal disparities in question form usage among caregivers and children, with caregivers predominantly employing closed questions and children balancing closed and open-ended types. Children of caregivers who predominantly posed closed questions exhibited shorter utterances and lower overall language scores. Details on other question forms are presented (sub-types of polar, wh-, alternative, and echo). These findings contribute to our understanding of how question form influences language development and caregiver-child interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill C. Thorson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Jill M. Trumbell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Kimberly Nesbitt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Décaillet M, Denervaud S, Huguenin-Virchaux C, Besuchet L, Fischer Fumeaux CJ, Murray MM, Schneider J. The impact of premature birth on auditory-visual processes in very preterm schoolchildren. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:42. [PMID: 38971881 PMCID: PMC11227572 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between stimuli from different sensory modalities and their integration are central to daily life, contributing to improved perception. Being born prematurely and the subsequent hospitalization can have an impact not only on sensory processes, but also on the manner in which information from different senses is combined-i.e., multisensory processes. Very preterm (VPT) children (<32 weeks gestational age) present impaired multisensory processes in early childhood persisting at least through the age of five. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how these consequences persist into later childhood. Here, we evaluated the integrity of auditory-visual multisensory processes in VPT schoolchildren. VPT children (N = 28; aged 8-10 years) received a standardized cognitive assessment and performed a simple detection task at their routine follow-up appointment. The simple detection task involved pressing a button as quickly as possible upon presentation of an auditory, visual, or simultaneous audio-visual stimulus. Compared to full-term (FT) children (N = 23; aged 6-11 years), reaction times of VPT children were generally slower and more variable, regardless of sensory modality. Nonetheless, both groups exhibited multisensory facilitation on mean reaction times and inter-quartile ranges. There was no evidence that standardized cognitive or clinical measures correlated with multisensory gains of VPT children. However, while gains in FT children exceeded predictions based on probability summation and thus forcibly invoked integrative processes, this was not the case for VPT children. Our findings provide evidence of atypical multisensory profiles in VPT children persisting into school-age. These results could help in targeting supportive interventions for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Décaillet
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Solange Denervaud
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cléo Huguenin-Virchaux
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laureline Besuchet
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline J Fischer Fumeaux
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Micah M Murray
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Schneider
- The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Chen MY, Bai W, Wu XD, Sha S, Su Z, Cheung T, Pang Y, Ng CH, Zhang Q, Xiang YT. The network structures of depressive and insomnia symptoms among cancer patients using propensity score matching: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). J Affect Disord 2024; 356:450-458. [PMID: 38608763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both depression and insomnia are found to be more prevalent in cancer patients compared to the general population. This study compared the network structures of depression and insomnia among cancer patients versus cancer-free participants (controls hereafter). METHOD The 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and the 4-item Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS-4) were used to measure depressive and insomnia symptoms, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to construct the control group using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In total, a sample consisting of 2216 cancer patients and 2216 controls was constructed. Central (influential) and bridge symptoms were estimated using the expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (bridge EI), respectively. Network stability was assessed using the case-dropping bootstrap method. RESULT The prevalence of depression (CESD-8 total score ≥ 4) in cancer patients was significantly higher compared to the control group (28.56 % vs. 24.73 %; P = 0.004). Cancer patients also had more severe depressive symptoms relative to controls, but there was no significant group difference for insomnia symptoms. The network structures of depressive and insomnia symptoms were comparable between cancer patients and controls. "Felt sadness" (EI: 6.866 in cancer patients; EI: 5.861 in controls), "Felt unhappy" (EI: 6.371 in cancer patients; EI: 5.720 in controls) and "Felt depressed" (EI: 6.003 in cancer patients; EI: 5.880 in controls) emerged as the key central symptoms, and "Felt tired in morning" (bridge EI: 1.870 in cancer patients; EI: 1.266 in controls) and "Everything was an effort" (bridge EI: 1.046 in cancer patients; EI: 0.921 in controls) were the key bridge symptoms across both groups. CONCLUSION Although cancer patients had more frequent and severe depressive symptoms compared to controls, no significant difference was observed in the network structure or strength of the depressive and insomnia symptoms. Consequently, psychosocial interventions for treating depression and insomnia in the general population could be equally applicable for cancer patients who experience depression and insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University
| | - Xiao-Dan Wu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Psycho-Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Qinge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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11
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Borairi S, Ozdemir B, Jenkins J, Shah PS, Kingdom J, Ganea P. A follow up investigation of placental pathology, responsive parenting, and preschool children's executive functioning and language development. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:684-701. [PMID: 37811813 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2264535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite documented effects linking underlying placental diseases and neurological impairments in children, little is known about the long-term effects of placental pathology on children's neurocognitive outcomes. In addition, maternal responsivity, known to positively influence early postnatal cognitive development, may act to protect children from putative adverse effects of placental pathology. The current study is a follow up of medically healthy, term born, preschool age children, born with placental pathology. A sample of 118 children (45 comparison children with normal placental findings, 73 born with placental pathology) were followed when children were 3-4 years old. In comparison to children born to mothers with normal placentas, placental pathology was associated with poorer performance in the executive function involving cognitive flexibility, but not inhibitory control or receptive language. Maternal responsivity was observed to be marginally protective on the impact of placental pathology risk on cognitive flexibility, but this was not seen for either inhibitory control or receptive language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Borairi
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Begum Ozdemir
- Department of Psychology, Maltepe University, Maltepe, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Jenkins
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricia Ganea
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Schneider D, Bouhali F, Richter CG, Costache R, Costache C, Kirchhoffer K, Sheth V, MacDonald I, Hoeft F. Perinatal influences on academic achievement and the developing brain: a scoping systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1352241. [PMID: 38962224 PMCID: PMC11221367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1352241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and methods In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review, we identify and synthesize the findings of research in which neuroimaging and assessments of achievement have been used to examine the relationships among aspects of developmental programming, neurodevelopment, and achievement in reading and mathematics. Results Forty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. The majority examined the impact of prematurity (n = 32) and prenatal alcohol exposure (n = 13). Several prematurity studies reported a positive correlation between white-matter integrity of callosal fibers and executive functioning and/or achievement, and white matter properties were consistently associated with cognitive and academic performance in preterm and full-term children. Volumetric studies reported positive associations between academic and cognitive abilities and white and gray matter volume in regions such as the insula, putamen, and prefrontal lobes. Functional MRI studies demonstrated increased right-hemispheric language processing among preterm children. Altered activation of the frontoparietal network related to numerical abilities was also reported. Prenatal alcohol exposure studies reported alterations in white matter microstructure linked to deficits in cognitive functioning and academic achievement, including mathematics, reading, and vocabulary skills. Volumetric studies reported reductions in cerebral, cerebellar, and subcortical gray matter volumes associated with decreased scores on measures of executive functioning, attention, working memory, and academic performance. Functional MRI studies demonstrated broad, diffuse activation, reduced activation in canonical regions, and increased activation in non-canonical regions during numeric tasks. Discussion A preponderance of studies linked prematurity and prenatal alcohol exposure to altered neurodevelopmental processes and suboptimal academic achievement. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed. Systematic review registration Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ZAN67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Schneider
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Webster University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Caroline G. Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Radu Costache
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Catalina Costache
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Kirchhoffer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Vatsa Sheth
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Ibo MacDonald
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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van den Bekerom L, van Gestel LC, Schoones JW, Bussemaker J, Adriaanse MA. Health behavior interventions among people with lower socio-economic position: a scoping review of behavior change techniques and effectiveness. Health Psychol Behav Med 2024; 12:2365931. [PMID: 38903803 PMCID: PMC11188964 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2024.2365931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Behavior change interventions can unintendedly widen existing socio-economic health inequalities. Understanding why interventions are (in)effective among people with lower socio-economic position (SEP) is essential. Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe what is reported about the behavior change techniques (BCTs) applied within interventions and their effectiveness in encouraging physical activity and healthy eating, and reducing smoking and alcohol consumption according to SEP. Methods A systematic search was conducted in 12 electronic databases, and 151 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included and coded for health behavioral outcomes, SEP-operationalization, BCTs (type and number) and effectiveness. Results Findings suggest that approaches for measuring, defining and substantiating lower SEP vary. Current studies of behavior change interventions for people of different SEP do not systematically identify BCTs, making systematic evaluation of BCT effectiveness impossible. The effectiveness of interventions is mainly evaluated by overall intervention outcomes and SEP-moderation effects are mostly not assessed. Conclusion Using different SEP-operationalizations and not specifying BCTs hampers systematic evidence accumulation regarding effective (combinations of) BCTs for the low SEP population. To learn which BCTs effectively improve health behaviors among people with lower SEP, future intervention developers should justify how SEP is operationalized and must systematically describe and examine BCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes van den Bekerom
- Health Campus The Hague/Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague/Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens C. van Gestel
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W. Schoones
- Directorate of Research Policy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Bussemaker
- Health Campus The Hague/Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague/Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke A. Adriaanse
- Health Campus The Hague/Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague/Leiden, the Netherlands
- Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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14
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Rajagopalan V, Hsu E, Luo S. Breastfeeding duration and brain-body development in 9-10-year-olds: modulating effect of socioeconomic levels. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03330-0. [PMID: 38879625 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships of breastfeeding duration with brain structure and adiposity markers in youth and how these relationships are modified by neighborhood socioeconomic environments (SEEs). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of youth enrolled in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 7511). Mixed effects models examined associations of breastfeeding duration with global brain measures and adiposity markers, adjusting for sociodemographic, pre- and post-natal covariates. Stratified analysis was performed by area deprivation index (ADI) tertiles. RESULTS Total cortical surface area (SA) (False Discovery Rate - FDR corrected P < 0.001), cortical (FDR corrected P < 0.001) and subcortical gray matter (GM) volume (FDR corrected P < 0.001) increased with increased breastfeeding duration. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores (FDR corrected P = 0.001), waist circumference (FDR corrected P = 0.002) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (FDR corrected P = 0.001) decreased with increased breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was inversely associated with adiposity in youth from high- and medium- ADI neighborhoods, but positively associated with SA across ADI tertiles. CONCLUSIONS In this cross-sectional study, longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower adiposity indices, particularly in youth from lower SEEs and greater SA across SEE levels. Longer breastfeeding duration showed long-term associations with brain and body development for offspring. IMPACT Building on previous findings that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with healthier weight gain, lower obesity risk, and brain white matter development in infancy, our results find longer breastfeeding duration to be associated with lower adiposity indices and greater cortical and subcortical gray matter volume, and cortical surface area during peri-adolescence. Children from lower socioeconomic environments (SEEs) demonstrated stronger negative associations of breastfeeding duration and adiposity indices, and children across SEEs showed positive relationships between breastfeeding duration and cortical surface area. Promoting breastfeeding, particularly among women from lower SEEs would confer long-term benefits to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eustace Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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Eskandari E, Jansari AS, Bagheri M. Validation of a Persian version of an English language ecologically-valid assessment of executive functions through childhood and adolescence. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2024; 34:742-760. [PMID: 37523445 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2023.2236351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence are pivotal periods for cognitive development. Executive functions are crucial for efficient cognitive functioning, so accurate assessment is important. One ecologically-valid virtual reality test is the Jansari assessment of Executive Functions for Children (JEF-C©). In a cross-sectional study, we aimed at translating, adapting and validating JEF-C into Persian, and at investigating whether this Persian version (JEF-C (P)) can identify stages of development of executive functions in children aged from 8 to 16. Children and adolescents (N = 146) falling into three age groups participated: 8-10, 11-13 and 14-16 years old. They completed JEF-C (P) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). There were acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficients for JEF-C(P) total score (α = .72) and all constructs, except action-based prospective memory, had a positive impact on total internal consistency. There was an effect of age group on overall JEF-C (P) performance and of age on four constructs. There was also a correlation between the number of categories on WCST and the prioritization construct of JEF-C (P). It seems that JEF-C (P) is an ecologically valid executive function assessment sensitive to age and could be useful for both researchers and clinicians working with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eskandari
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashok S Jansari
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdi Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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16
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Wienke AS, Mathes B. Socioeconomic Inequalities Affect Brain Responses of Infants Growing Up in Germany. Brain Sci 2024; 14:560. [PMID: 38928558 PMCID: PMC11201481 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental changes in functional neural networks are sensitive to environmental influences. This EEG study investigated how infant brain responses relate to the social context that their families live in. Event-related potentials of 255 healthy, awake infants between six and fourteen months were measured during a passive auditory oddball paradigm. Infants were presented with 200 standard tones and 48 randomly distributed deviants. All infants are part of a longitudinal study focusing on families with socioeconomic and/or cultural challenges (Bremen Initiative to Foster Early Childhood Development; BRISE; Germany). As part of their familial socioeconomic status (SES), parental level of education and infant's migration background were assessed with questionnaires. For 30.6% of the infants both parents had a low level of education (≤10 years of schooling) and for 43.1% of the infants at least one parent was born abroad. The N2-P3a complex is associated with unintentional directing of attention to deviant stimuli and was analysed in frontocentral brain regions. Age was utilised as a control variable. Our results show that tone deviations in infants trigger an immature N2-P3a complex. Contrary to studies with older children or adults, the N2 amplitude was more positive for deviants than for standards. This may be related to an immature superposition of the N2 with the P3a. For infants whose parents had no high-school degree and were born abroad, this tendency was increased, indicating that facing multiple challenges as a young family impacts on the infant's early neural development. As such, attending to unexpected stimulus changes may be important for early learning processes. Variations of the infant N2-P3a complex may, thus, relate to early changes in attentional capacity and learning experiences due to familial challenges. This points towards the importance of early prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Mathes
- Bremer Initiative to Foster Early Childhood Development (BRISE), Faculty for Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
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17
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Chen KF, Chueh TY, Hung TM. Differences in visuospatial cognition among table tennis players of different skill levels: an event-related potential study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17295. [PMID: 38827290 PMCID: PMC11144390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the influence of sport skill levels on behavioural and neuroelectric performance in visuospatial attention and memory visuospatial tasks were administered to 54 participants, including 18 elite and 18 amateur table tennis players and 18 nonathletes, while event-related potentials were recorded. In all the visuospatial attention and memory conditions, table tennis players displayed faster reaction times than nonathletes, regardless of skill level, although there was no difference in accuracy between groups. In addition, regardless of task conditions, both player groups had a greater P3 amplitude than nonathletes, and elite players exhibited a greater P3 amplitude than amateurs players. The results of this study indicate that table tennis players, irrespective of their skill level, exhibit enhanced visuospatial capabilities. Notably, athletes at the elite level appear to benefit from an augmented allocation of attentional resources when engaging in visuospatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chueh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Gordon REF, Kosty D, Khurana A. The mediating role of child delay of gratification in the link between early and prolonged poverty exposure and adolescent allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106990. [PMID: 38412742 PMCID: PMC10954378 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Early and prolonged exposure to poverty disrupts biological processes associated with the body's stress response system, leading to long-term negative health outcomes, including obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of chronic stress on the body, is a robust predictor of subsequent health outcomes. However, developmental research examining the associations of early poverty exposure with AL in adolescence, as well as the underlying mechanisms of influence is limited. Early poverty exposure also impedes healthy development of child self-regulation, which may increase risk for high AL in adolescence, but this mechanistic pathway has not yet been tested. We used data from the national Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to examine the longitudinal associations between prolonged poverty exposure in early childhood (0-3 years) and AL in adolescence (age 15). We also tested the mediating role of child delay of gratification, a behavioral measure of self-regulation (at age 54 months), in the potential association between early poverty exposure and adolescent AL. Accounting for model covariates (i.e., child biological sex and race-ethnicity) and individual differences in child delay of gratification, early and prolonged poverty exposure was significantly associated with higher AL at age 15. The indirect effect through child delay of gratification was not significant, but the individual pathways of the indirect effect were significant, and the overall direct association of early poverty exposure with adolescent AL was significant. Our findings show that prolonged exposure to poverty in early childhood (0-3 years) can have significant negative associations with both child delay of gratification (at 54 months) and AL (at age 15). Given that the detrimental impacts of poverty exposure can be detected at an early age, targeted prevention efforts (e.g., anti-poverty programs such as cash assistance programs) may be able to offset some of the risks of early poverty exposure on self-regulation and AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E F Gordon
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Derek Kosty
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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19
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Chen MY, Chen P, An FR, Sha S, Feng Y, Su Z, Cheung T, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Zhang L, Xiang YT. Depression, anxiety and suicidality among Chinese mental health professionals immediately after China's dynamic zero-COVID policy: A network perspective. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:153-162. [PMID: 38316260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using network analysis, the interactions between mental health problems at the symptom level can be explored in depth. This study examined the network structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality among mental health professionals after the end of China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy. METHODS A total of 10,647 mental health professionals were recruited nationwide from January to February 2023. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively, while suicidality was defined by a 'yes' response to any of the standard questions regarding suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP) and suicide attempt (SA). Expected Influence (EI) and Bridge Expected Influence (bEI) were used as centrality indices in the symptom network to characterize the structure of the symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicidality were 45.99 %, 28.40 %, and 7.71 %, respectively. The network analysis identified GAD5 ("Restlessness") as the most central symptom, followed by PHQ4 ("Fatigue") and GAD7 ("Feeling afraid"). Additionally, PHQ6 ("Guilt"), GAD5 ("Restlessness"), and PHQ8 ("Motor disturbance") were bridge nodes linking depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality. The flow network indicated that the strongest connections of S ("Suicidality") was with PHQ6 ("Guilt"), GAD7 ("Feeling afraid"), and PHQ2 ("Sad mood"). CONCLUSIONS Depression, anxiety, and suicidality among mental health professionals were highly prevalent after China's Dynamic Zero-COVID Policy ended. Effective measures should target central and bridge symptoms identified in this network model to address the mental health problems in those at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Psychiatry Section, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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20
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Perkins SC, Shaun Ho S, Evans GW, Liberzon I, Gopang M, Swain JE. Language processing following childhood poverty: Evidence for disrupted neural networks. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 252:105414. [PMID: 38640643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Childhood poverty is related to deficits in multiple cognitive domains including adult language function. It is unknown if the brain basis of language is disrupted in adults with childhood poverty backgrounds, controlling for current functioning. Fifty-one adults (age 24) from an existing longitudinal study of childhood poverty, beginning at age 9, were examined on behavioral phonological awareness (LP) and completed an event-related fMRI speech/print processing LP task. Adults from childhood poverty backgrounds exhibited lower LP in adulthood. The middle-income group exhibited greater activation of the bilateral IFG and hippocampus during language processing. In psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses, the childhood poverty group exhibited greater coupling between ventral Broca's and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) as well as coupling between Wernicke's region and bilateralization. Childhood poverty disrupts language processing neural networks in adulthood, after controlling for LP, suggesting that poverty in childhood influences the neurophysiological basis for language processing into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C Perkins
- Research Center for Group Dynamics, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States.
| | - S Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, United States
| | - Gary W Evans
- Departments of Human Centered Design and Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, United States
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77802, United States
| | - Meroona Gopang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, United States; Program in Public Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, United States
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, United States; Psychology, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8434, United States
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21
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Freund R, Favara M, Porter C, Behrman J. Social Protection and Foundational Cognitive Skills during Adolescence: Evidence from a Large Public Works Program. THE WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW 2024; 38:296-318. [PMID: 38690525 PMCID: PMC11057409 DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Many low- and middle-income countries have introduced public works programs (PWPs) to fight poverty. This paper provides the first evidence that children from families who benefit from PWPs show increased foundational cognitive skills. The results, based on unique tablet-based data collected as part of a long-standing longitudinal survey, show positive associations between participation in the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia during childhood with long-term memory and implicit learning, and suggestive evidence for working memory. These associations appear to be strongest for children whose households were still PSNP participants in the year of data collection. Evidence suggests that the association with implicit learning may be operating partially through children's time reallocation away from unpaid labor responsibilities, while the association with long-term memory may in part be due to the program's success in remediating nutritional deficits caused by early-life rainfall shocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Freund
- University of Cape Town School of Economics, Cape Town, South Africa, 7701
- Research Affiliate at the Oxford Department of International Development
| | - Marta Favara
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, OX1 3TB
- Director of Research at Young Lives
| | - Catherine Porter
- Director of Young Lives
- Development Economics at the Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster, UK, LA1 4YX
| | - Jere Behrman
- University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Science, Philadelphia, USA, PA 19104
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22
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Lynch JD, Xu Y, Yolton K, Khoury JC, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Cecil KM, Braun JM, Epstein JN. [Formula: see text] Environmental predictors of children's executive functioning development. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:615-635. [PMID: 37621102 PMCID: PMC10891297 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2247603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) abilities develop through childhood, but this development can be impacted by various psychosocial environmental influences. Using longitudinal data from the Health Outcome and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study, we examined if psychosocial environmental factors were significant predictors of EF development. Study participants comprised 271 children and their primary caregivers (98.5% mothers) followed from birth to age 12. We identified four distinct EF developmental trajectory groups comprising a consistently impaired group (13.3%), a descending impairment group (27.7%), an ascending impairment group (9.95%), and a consistently not impaired group (49.1%). Higher levels of maternal ADHD and relational frustration appear to be risk factors for increased EF difficulty over time, while higher family income may serve as a protective factor delaying predisposed EF impairment. Important intervention targets might include teaching positive and effective parenting strategies to mothers whose children are at risk for EF dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Lynch
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 45 W. Corry Blvd, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7035, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jane C. Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 234 Goodman St, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 South Main St, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jeffery N. Epstein
- Center for ADHD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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23
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Srsich AR, McCurdy MD, Fantozzi PM, Hocking MC. Predicting neuropsychological late effects in pediatric brain tumor survivors using the Neurological Predictor Scale and the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Rating of Treatment Intensity. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:380-388. [PMID: 37746790 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS) quantifies cumulative exposure to tumor- and treatment-related neurological risks. The Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Rating of Treatment Intensity (PNORTI) measures the intensity of different treatment modalities, but research is needed to establish whether it is associated with late effects. This study evaluated the predictive validity of the NPS and PNORTI for neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric brain tumor survivors. METHOD A retrospective chart review was completed of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) (n = 161, Mage = 13.47, SD = 2.80) who were at least 2 years from the end of tumor-directed treatment. Attention, intellectual functioning, perceptual reasoning, processing speed, verbal reasoning, and working memory were analyzed in relation to the NPS and PNORTI. RESULTS NPS scores ranged from 1 to 11 (M = 5.57, SD = 2.27) and PNORTI scores ranged from 1 (n = 101; 62.7%) to 3 (n = 18; 11.2%). When controlling for age, sex, SES factors, and time since treatment, NPS scores significantly predicted intellectual functioning [F(7,149) = 12.86, p < .001, R2 = .38] and processing speed [F(7,84) = 5.28, p < .001, R2 = .31]. PNORTI scores did not significantly predict neuropsychological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the NPS has value in predicting IF and processing speed above-and-beyond demographic variables. The PNORTI was not associated with neuropsychological outcomes. Future research should consider establishing clinical cutoff scores for the NPS to help determine which survivors are most at risk for neuropsychological late effects and warrant additional assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew C Hocking
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Ma Y, Zou Y, Liu X, Chen T, Kemp GJ, Gong Q, Wang S. Social intelligence mediates the protective role of resting-state brain activity in the social cognition network against social anxiety. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2024; 4:kkae009. [PMID: 38799033 PMCID: PMC11119848 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Social intelligence refers to an important psychosocial skill set encompassing an array of abilities, including effective self-expression, understanding of social contexts, and acting wisely in social interactions. While there is ample evidence of its importance in various mental health outcomes, particularly social anxiety, little is known on the brain correlates underlying social intelligence and how it can mitigate social anxiety. Objective This research aims to investigate the functional neural markers of social intelligence and their relations to social anxiety. Methods Data of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures were collected from 231 normal students aged 16 to 20 years (48% male). Whole-brain voxel-wise correlation analysis was conducted to detect the functional brain clusters related to social intelligence. Correlation and mediation analyses explored the potential role of social intelligence in the linkage of resting-state brain activities to social anxiety. Results Social intelligence was correlated with neural activities (assessed as the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fALFF) among two key brain clusters in the social cognition networks: negatively correlated in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and positively correlated in right middle temporal gyrus. Further, the left SFG fALFF was positively correlated with social anxiety; brain-personality-symptom analysis revealed that this relationship was mediated by social intelligence. Conclusion These results indicate that resting-state activities in the social cognition networks might influence a person's social anxiety via social intelligence: lower left SFG activity → higher social intelligence → lower social anxiety. These may have implication for developing neurobehavioral interventions to mitigate social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiao Ma
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular lmaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
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25
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Schneider JM, Behboudi MH, Maguire MJ. The Necessity of Taking Culture and Context into Account When Studying the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Brain Development. Brain Sci 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38672041 PMCID: PMC11048655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research has revealed a relationship between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and brain development at the structural and functional levels. Of particular note is the distinction between income and maternal education, two highly correlated factors which seem to influence brain development through distinct pathways. Specifically, while a families' income-to-needs ratio is linked with physiological stress and household chaos, caregiver education influences the day-to-day language environment a child is exposed to. Variability in either one of these environmental experiences is related to subsequent brain development. While this work has the potential to inform public policies in a way that benefits children, it can also oversimplify complex factors, unjustly blame low-SES parents, and perpetuate a harmful deficit perspective. To counteract these shortcomings, researchers must consider sociodemographic differences in the broader cultural context that underlie SES-based differences in brain development. This review aims to address these issues by (a) identifying how sociodemographic mechanisms associated with SES influence the day-to-day experiences of children, in turn, impacting brain development, while (b) considering the broader cultural contexts that may differentially impact this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Schneider
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, 72 Hatcher Hall, Field House Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hossein Behboudi
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
| | - Mandy J. Maguire
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA;
- Center for Children and Families, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Road, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
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26
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Decker AL, Meisler SL, Hubbard NA, Bauer CCC, Leonard J, Grotzinger H, Giebler MA, Torres YC, Imhof A, Romeo R, Gabrieli JDE. Striatal and Behavioral Responses to Reward Vary by Socioeconomic Status in Adolescents. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1633232023. [PMID: 38253532 PMCID: PMC10941242 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1633-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Disparities in socioeconomic status (SES) lead to unequal access to financial and social support. These disparities are believed to influence reward sensitivity, which in turn are hypothesized to shape how individuals respond to and pursue rewarding experiences. However, surprisingly little is known about how SES shapes reward sensitivity in adolescence. Here, we investigated how SES influenced adolescent responses to reward, both in behavior and the striatum-a brain region that is highly sensitive to reward. We examined responses to both immediate reward (tracked by phasic dopamine) and average reward rate fluctuations (tracked by tonic dopamine) as these distinct signals independently shape learning and motivation. Adolescents (n = 114; 12-14 years; 58 female) performed a gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We manipulated trial-by-trial reward and loss outcomes, leading to fluctuations between periods of reward scarcity and abundance. We found that a higher reward rate hastened behavioral responses, and increased guess switching, consistent with the idea that reward abundance increases response vigor and exploration. Moreover, immediate reward reinforced previously rewarding decisions (win-stay, lose-switch) and slowed responses (postreward pausing), particularly when rewards were scarce. Notably, lower-SES adolescents slowed down less after rare rewards than higher-SES adolescents. In the brain, striatal activations covaried with the average reward rate across time and showed greater activations during rewarding blocks. However, these striatal effects were diminished in lower-SES adolescents. These findings show that the striatum tracks reward rate fluctuations, which shape decisions and motivation. Moreover, lower SES appears to attenuate reward-driven behavioral and brain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Decker
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Steven L Meisler
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Nicholas A Hubbard
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Clemens C C Bauer
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Julia Leonard
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Hannah Grotzinger
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | | | - Yesi Camacho Torres
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Andrea Imhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Rachel Romeo
- Departments of Human Development & Quantitative Methodology and Hearing & Speech Sciences, and Program in Neuroscience & Cognitive Science, University of Maryland College Park, Baltimore, Maryland 20742
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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27
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Kuhn HG, Skau S, Nyberg J. A lifetime perspective on risk factors for cognitive decline with a special focus on early events. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100217. [PMID: 39071743 PMCID: PMC11273094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are the result of disease processes that typically develop over several decades. Population studies have estimated that more than half of the risk for dementia is preventable or at least modifiable through behavioral adaptations. The association between these lifestyle factors and the risk of dementia is most evident for exposure in midlife. However, habits formed in middle age often reflect a lifetime of behavior patterns and living conditions. Therefore, individuals who, for example, are able to maintain healthy diets and regular exercise during their middle years are likely to benefit from these cognition-protective habits they have practiced throughout their lives. For numerous adult diseases, significant risks can often be traced back to early childhood. Suboptimal conditions during the perinatal period, childhood and adolescence can increase the risk of adult diseases, including stroke, heart disease, insulin resistance, hypertension and dementia. This review aims at summarizing some of the evidence for dementia risks from a life-time perspective with the goal of raising awareness for early dementia prevention and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Georg Kuhn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Skau
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Rodríguez-Prieto P, Simpson IC, Gomez-Baya D, García de la Cadena C, Ruiz-Aranda D, Ibáñez-Alfonso JA. Neuropsychological Stimulation Program for Children from Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:596. [PMID: 38470707 PMCID: PMC10931306 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guatemala remains one of the poorest countries in Central America and suffers from high rates of social inequality and violence. In addition to the negative impact that two years without attending school has had on Guatemalan children due to the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this unfavourable socioeconomic context poses a risk to children's emotional and cognitive development. This work presents a protocol for implementing a cognitive and emotional stimulation program aimed at increasing the academic performance of these children and consequently improving their quality of life. METHODS The protocol proposes the implementation of a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a 24-session-long stimulation program. It targets the cognitive functions of attention, language, executive functions, and social cognition, using the digital neurorehabilitation platform NeuronUP. The participants (n = 480) will be randomly assigned to an Experimental or Control group. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will be carried out, together with a follow-up in the next academic year, in which both groups will change roles. Results will be compared for the first and second years, looking for differences in academic and cognitive performance between groups. DISCUSSION Mid- and long-term outcomes are still unknown, but effective interventions based on this protocol are expected to facilitate the following benefits for participants: (1) improved cognitive and emotional development; (2) improved academic performance; (3) improved well-being. We expect to create a validated neuropsychological stimulation program that could be applied in similar socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts around the world to help these children improve their life chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Prieto
- Human Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (D.R.-A.)
- ETEA Foundation, Development Institute of Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Calle Escritor Castilla Aguayo n°4, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ian Craig Simpson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Diego Gomez-Baya
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Campus de El Carmen, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Claudia García de la Cadena
- Department of Neuropsychology, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Calle 11, Zona 15, Post n° 82, Guatemala City 01901, Guatemala;
| | - Desirée Ruiz-Aranda
- Human Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (D.R.-A.)
| | - Joaquín A. Ibáñez-Alfonso
- Human Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda. de las Universidades s/n, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain; (P.R.-P.); (D.R.-A.)
- ETEA Foundation, Development Institute of Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Calle Escritor Castilla Aguayo n°4, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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29
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Wang J, Hill‐Jarrett T, Buto P, Pederson A, Sims KD, Zimmerman SC, DeVost MA, Ferguson E, Lacar B, Yang Y, Choi M, Caunca MR, La Joie R, Chen R, Glymour MM, Ackley SF. Comparison of approaches to control for intracranial volume in research on the association of brain volumes with cognitive outcomes. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26633. [PMID: 38433682 PMCID: PMC10910271 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most neuroimaging studies linking regional brain volumes with cognition correct for total intracranial volume (ICV), but methods used for this correction differ across studies. It is unknown whether different ICV correction methods yield consistent results. Using a brain-wide association approach in the MRI substudy of UK Biobank (N = 41,964; mean age = 64.5 years), we used regression models to estimate the associations of 58 regional brain volumetric measures with eight cognitive outcomes, comparing no correction and four ICV correction approaches. Approaches evaluated included: no correction; dividing regional volumes by ICV (proportional approach); including ICV as a covariate in the regression (adjustment approach); and regressing the regional volumes against ICV in different normative samples and using calculated residuals to determine associations (residual approach). We used Spearman-rank correlations and two consistency measures to quantify the extent to which associations were inconsistent across ICV correction approaches for each possible brain region and cognitive outcome pair across 2320 regression models. When the association between brain volume and cognitive performance was close to null, all approaches produced similar estimates close to the null. When associations between a regional volume and cognitive test were not null, the adjustment and residual approaches typically produced similar estimates, but these estimates were inconsistent with results from the crude and proportional approaches. For example, when using the crude approach, an increase of 0.114 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.103-0.125) in fluid intelligence was associated with each unit increase in hippocampal volume. However, when using the adjustment approach, the increase was 0.055 (95% CI: 0.043-0.068), while the proportional approach showed a decrease of -0.025 (95% CI: -0.035 to -0.014). Different commonly used methods to correct for ICV yielded inconsistent results. The proportional method diverges notably from other methods and results were sometimes biologically implausible. A simple regression adjustment for ICV produced biologically plausible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Peter Buto
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Annie Pederson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kendra D. Sims
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott C. Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle A. DeVost
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin Lacar
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Minhyuk Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle R. Caunca
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah F. Ackley
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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30
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Nazarova A, Drobinin V, Helmick CA, Schmidt MH, Cookey J, Uher R. Intracortical Myelin in Youths at Risk for Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100285. [PMID: 38323155 PMCID: PMC10844807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability. To understand why depression develops, it is important to distinguish between early neural markers of vulnerability that precede the onset of MDD and features that develop during depression. Recent neuroimaging findings suggest that reduced global and regional intracortical myelination (ICM), especially in the lateral prefrontal cortex, may be associated with depression, but it is unknown whether it is a precursor or a consequence of MDD. The study of offspring of affected parents offers the opportunity to distinguish between precursors and consequences by examining individuals who carry high risk at a time when they have not experienced depression. Methods We acquired 129 T1-weighted and T2-weighted scans from 56 (25 female) unaffected offspring of parents with depression and 114 scans from 63 (34 female) unaffected offspring of parents without a history of depression (ages 9 to 16 years). To assess scan quality, we calculated test-retest reliability. We used the scan ratios to calculate myelin maps for 68 cortical regions. We analyzed data using mixed-effects modeling. Results ICM did not differ between high and low familial risk youths in global (B = 0.06, SE = 0.03, p = .06) or regional (B = 0.05, SE = 0.03, p = .08) analyses. Our pediatric sample had high ICM reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88). Conclusions Based on our results, reduced ICM does not appear to be a precursor of MDD. Future studies should examine ICM in familial high-risk youths across a broad developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nazarova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Vladislav Drobinin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carl A. Helmick
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthias H. Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jacob Cookey
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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31
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Congdon EL. Individual differences in working memory predict the efficacy of experimenter-manipulated gestures in first-grade children. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38426550 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Why is instructional gesture ineffective in some contexts? And what is it about learners that predicts whether they will learn from gestures? This between-subjects linear measurement training study compares gesture instruction to two controls-operant action and transient action-in a diverse sample of first-grade students (N = 174, Mage = 7.01 years; Nfemale = 84; Nmale = 90, 10% Latinx-identified; 70% White; 6% Black; 6% Asian; 18% multiple racial categories, Mincome = $59,750, SDincome ≈ $25,000; data collected 03/16-03/19). Results show that instructor-manipulated gestures may be less effective than demonstrative actions in part because they are iterative and do not leave a lasting trace. Verbal working memory, but not spatial, positively predicted an ability to learn from gesture and transient action in children with the lowest context knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza L Congdon
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
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32
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Suárez-Pellicioni M, Demir-Lira ÖE, Booth JR. Positive math attitudes are associated with greater frontal activation among children from higher socio-economic status families. Neuropsychologia 2024; 194:108788. [PMID: 38184191 PMCID: PMC10872219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Math learning is explained by the interaction between cognitive, affective, and social factors. However, studies rarely investigate how these factors interact with one another to explain math performance. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the interaction between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and children's math attitudes. To this aim, 57 children solved multiplication problems inside the scanner. We measured parental SES by creating two groups based on parents' occupations and measured children's math attitudes using a questionnaire. We ran a cluster-wise regression analysis examining the interaction between these two variables while controlling for the main effects of SES, math attitudes, and full IQ. The analysis revealed a cluster in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which was due to children with positive math attitudes from high socio-economic status families showing greater IFG activation when solving large multiplication problems as compared to their negative attitudes high SES peers, suggesting that they exhibited more retrieval effort to solve large multiplication problems. We discuss how this may be because they were the only ones who fully engaged in math opportunities provided by their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Suárez-Pellicioni
- Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology, and Counseling, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA.
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, DeLTA Center, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - James R Booth
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Joseph J, Niemczak C, Lichtenstein J, Kobrina A, Magohe A, Leigh S, Ealer C, Fellows A, Reike C, Massawe E, Gui J, Buckey JC. Central auditory test performance predicts future neurocognitive function in children living with and without HIV. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2712. [PMID: 38302516 PMCID: PMC10834399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tests of the brain's ability to process complex sounds (central auditory tests) correlate with overall measures of neurocognitive performance. In the low- middle-income countries where resources to conduct detailed cognitive testing is limited, tests that assess the central auditory system may provide a novel and useful way to track neurocognitive performance. This could be particularly useful for children living with HIV (CLWH). To evaluate this, we administered central auditory tests to CLWH and children living without HIV and examined whether central auditory tests given early in a child's life could predict later neurocognitive performance. We used a machine learning technique to incorporate factors known to affect performance on neurocognitive tests, such as education. The results show that central auditory tests are useful predictors of neurocognitive performance and perform as well or in some cases better than factors such as education. Central auditory tests may offer an objective way to track neurocognitive performance in CLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Joseph
- Department of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Christopher Niemczak
- Department of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jonathan Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Anastasiya Kobrina
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Albert Magohe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Samantha Leigh
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Christin Ealer
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Abigail Fellows
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Catherine Reike
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Enica Massawe
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jay C Buckey
- Department of Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Space Medicine Innovations Laboratory, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Cardenas-Iniguez C, Schachner JN, Ip KI, Schertz KE, Gonzalez MR, Abad S, Herting MM. Building towards an adolescent neural urbanome: Expanding environmental measures using linked external data (LED) in the ABCD study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101338. [PMID: 38195369 PMCID: PMC10837718 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent studies have demonstrated that environmental contexts, both social and physical, have an important impact on child and adolescent neural and behavioral development. The adoption of geospatial methods, such as in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, has facilitated the exploration of many environmental contexts surrounding participants' residential locations without creating additional burdens for research participants (i.e., youth and families) in neuroscience studies. However, as the number of linked databases increases, developing a framework that considers the various domains related to child and adolescent environments external to their home becomes crucial. Such a framework needs to identify structural contextual factors that may yield inequalities in children's built and natural environments; these differences may, in turn, result in downstream negative effects on children from historically minoritized groups. In this paper, we develop such a framework - which we describe as the "adolescent neural urbanome" - and use it to categorize newly geocoded information incorporated into the ABCD Study by the Linked External Data (LED) Environment & Policy Working Group. We also highlight important relationships between the linked measures and describe possible applications of the Adolescent Neural Urbanome. Finally, we provide a number of recommendations and considerations regarding the responsible use and communication of these data, highlighting the potential harm to historically minoritized groups through their misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jared N Schachner
- Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ka I Ip
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn E Schertz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marybel R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shermaine Abad
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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de Villiers O, Elliot-Wilson C, Thomas KGF, Semple PL, Naiker T, Henry M, Ross IL. Sleep and cognition in South African patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296387. [PMID: 38236816 PMCID: PMC10796019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong lines of evidence in the neuroscience literature indicate that (a) healthy sleep facilitates cognitive processing, and (b) sleep disruption is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Despite the fact that patients with pituitary disease often display both disrupted sleep and cognitive dysfunction, few previous studies investigate whether these clinical characteristics in these patients might be related. Hence, we explored whether sleep disruption in patients with pituitary disease mediates their cognitive dysfunction. We recruited 18 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) and 19 sociodemographically matched healthy controls. They completed the Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (thus providing self-report data regarding sleep disruption) and were administered the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone, which assesses cognitive functioning in the domains of processing speed, working memory, episodic memory, inhibition, and reasoning. We found no significant differences in cognition between patients and controls. Furthermore, spectra of sleep disturbance did not differ significantly between patients and controls. Our data suggest that NFPA patients' cognition and sleep quality is relatively intact, and that sleep disruption does not mediate cognitive dysfunction. Larger studies should characterize sleep and cognition in patients with NFPA (and other pituitary diseases) to confirm whether disruption of the former mediates impairment in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia de Villiers
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claudia Elliot-Wilson
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin G. F. Thomas
- ACSENT Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Patrick L. Semple
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thurandrie Naiker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Henry
- Numeracy Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian L. Ross
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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de Sonnaville ESV, Vermeule J, Oostra K, Knoester H, van Woensel JBM, Allouch SB, Oosterlaan J, Kӧnigs M. Predicting long-term neurocognitive outcome after pediatric intensive care unit admission for bronchiolitis-preliminary exploration of the potential of machine learning. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:471-482. [PMID: 37930398 PMCID: PMC10857960 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For successful prevention and intervention, it is important to unravel the complex constellation of factors that affect neurocognitive functioning after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. This study aims (1) to elucidate the potential relevance of patient and PICU-related characteristics for long-term adverse neurocognitive outcome after PICU admission for bronchiolitis, and (2) to perform a preliminary exploration of the potential of machine learning as compared to linear regression to improve neurocognitive outcome prediction in a relatively small sample of children after PICU admission. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study investigated 65 children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission for bronchiolitis (age ≤ 1 year). They were compared to demographically comparable healthy peers (n = 76) on neurocognitive functioning. Patient and PICU-related characteristics used for the prediction models were as follows: demographic characteristics, perinatal and disease parameters, laboratory results, and intervention characteristics, including hourly validated mechanical ventilation parameters. Neurocognitive outcome was measured by intelligence and computerized neurocognitive testing. Prediction models were developed for each of the neurocognitive outcomes using Regression Trees, k-Nearest Neighbors, and conventional linear regression analysis. RESULTS The patient group had lower intelligence than the control group (p < .001, d = -0.59) and poorer performance in neurocognitive functions, i.e., speed and attention (p = .03, d = -0.41) and verbal memory (p < .001, d = -0.60). Lower intelligence was predicted by lower birth weight and lower socioeconomic status (R2 = 25.9%). Poorer performance on the speed and attention domain was predicted by younger age at follow-up (R2 = 53.5%). Poorer verbal memory was predicted by lower birth weight, younger age at follow-up, and greater exposure to acidotic events (R2 = 50.6%). The machine learning models did not reveal added value in terms of model performance as compared to linear regression. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that in children with previous PICU admission for bronchiolitis, (1) lower birth weight, younger age at follow-up, and lower socioeconomic status are associated with poorer neurocognitive outcome; and (2) greater exposure to acidotic events during PICU admission is associated with poorer verbal memory outcome. The findings of this study provide no evidence for the added value of machine learning models as compared to linear regression analysis in the prediction of long-term neurocognitive outcome in a relatively small sample of children. WHAT IS KNOWN • Adverse neurocognitive outcomes are described in PICU survivors, which are known to interfere with development in other major domains of functioning, such as mental health, academic achievement, and socioeconomic success, highlighting neurocognition as an important outcome after PICU admission. • Machine learning is a rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence that is increasingly applied in health care settings, with great potential to capture the complexity of outcome prediction. WHAT IS NEW • This study shows that lower birth weight, lower socioeconomic status, and greater exposure to acidotic events during PICU admission for bronchiolitis are associated with poorer long-term neurocognitive outcome after PICU admission. Results provide no evidence for the added value of machine learning models in a relatively small sample of children. • As bronchiolitis seldom manifests neurologically, the relation between acidotic events and neurocognitive outcome may reflect either potentially harmful effects of acidosis itself or related processes such as hypercapnia or hypoxic and/or ischemic events during PICU admission. This study further highlights the importance of structured follow-up to monitor long-term outcome of children after PICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore S V de Sonnaville
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacob Vermeule
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kjeld Oostra
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie Knoester
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Job B M van Woensel
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Somaya Ben Allouch
- University of Amsterdam, Informatics Institute, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marsh Kӧnigs
- Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam UMC Follow Me program & Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Eggers K, Heselmans I. Delay frustration in children who do and do not stutter: A preliminary study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2024; 107:106403. [PMID: 38101316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2023.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Frustration is an emotion often clinically reported by persons who stutter. So far, mainly questionnaire-based studies have reported findings related to increased frustration or decreased frustration tolerance. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine possible group differences between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) using a behavioral experimental task, as well as to evaluate possible associations with the frequency, duration, and physical concomitants of stuttering disfluencies. METHOD Participants were 13 CWS (mean age = 6;05 years) and 13 CWNS (mean age = 6;06 years), matched on age (±4 months) and gender. Frustration tolerance was assessed by the Delay Frustration task. This task includes normal delay, short delay, and long delay trials. Responses during long delay trials provide an indication of frustration tolerance and were recorded across time intervals during the response window. RESULTS CWS, compared to CWNS, responded more frequently during the long delay trials, which is indicative of higher delay frustration. The variation in responding across time within intervals was similar for both groups. Decreased frustration tolerance was associated with increased duration of stuttered disfluencies and of physical concomitants. CONCLUSIONS In general, the current findings seem to provide support for earlier theoretical conceptualizations about the role of emotional reactivity in the development of stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Eggers
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Thomas More University College, Belgium; Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Iris Heselmans
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Bergelson E, Soderstrom M, Schwarz IC, Rowland CF, Ramírez-Esparza N, R. Hamrick L, Marklund E, Kalashnikova M, Guez A, Casillas M, Benetti L, van Alphen P, Cristia A. Everyday language input and production in 1,001 children from six continents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300671120. [PMID: 38085754 PMCID: PMC10756310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300671120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Language is a universal human ability, acquired readily by young children, who otherwise struggle with many basics of survival. And yet, language ability is variable across individuals. Naturalistic and experimental observations suggest that children's linguistic skills vary with factors like socioeconomic status and children's gender. But which factors really influence children's day-to-day language use? Here, we leverage speech technology in a big-data approach to report on a unique cross-cultural and diverse data set: >2,500 d-long, child-centered audio-recordings of 1,001 2- to 48-mo-olds from 12 countries spanning six continents across urban, farmer-forager, and subsistence-farming contexts. As expected, age and language-relevant clinical risks and diagnoses predicted how much speech (and speech-like vocalization) children produced. Critically, so too did adult talk in children's environments: Children who heard more talk from adults produced more speech. In contrast to previous conclusions based on more limited sampling methods and a different set of language proxies, socioeconomic status (operationalized as maternal education) was not significantly associated with children's productions over the first 4 y of life, and neither were gender or multilingualism. These findings from large-scale naturalistic data advance our understanding of which factors are robust predictors of variability in the speech behaviors of young learners in a wide range of everyday contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elika Bergelson
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iris-Corinna Schwarz
- Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
- Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Caroline F. Rowland
- Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen6525 XZ, Netherlands
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian National University, ACT2601, Australia
| | | | - Lisa R. Hamrick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
| | - Ellen Marklund
- Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, StockholmSE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Marina Kalashnikova
- Basque Center on Cognition Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastian20009, Spain
- Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation of Science, Bilbao48009, Spain
| | - Ava Guez
- Départment d’études Cognitives, École normale supérieure, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL University, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris75005, France
| | - Marisa Casillas
- Language Development Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen6525 XD, Netherlands
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language, Australian National University, ACT2601, Australia
- Comparative Human Development Department, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Lucia Benetti
- School of Music, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | | | - Alejandrina Cristia
- Départment d’études Cognitives, École normale supérieure, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL University, Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris75005, France
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Miller J, Mills KL, Vuorre M, Orben A, Przybylski AK. Impact of digital screen media activity on functional brain organization in late childhood: Evidence from the ABCD study. Cortex 2023; 169:290-308. [PMID: 37976871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The idea that the increased ubiquity of digital devices negatively impacts neurodevelopment is as compelling as it is disturbing. This study investigated this concern by systematically evaluating how different profiles of screen-based engagement related to functional brain organization in late childhood. We studied participants from a large and representative sample of young people participating in the first two years of the ABCD study (ages 9-12 years) to investigate the relations between self-reported use of various digital screen media activity (SMA) and functional brain organization. A series of generalized additive mixed models evaluated how these relationships related to functional outcomes associated with health and cognition. Of principal interest were two hypotheses: First, that functional brain organization (assessed through resting state functional connectivity MRI; rs-fcMRI) is related to digital screen engagement; and second, that children with higher rates of engagement will have functional brain organization profiles related to maladaptive functioning. Results did not support either of these predictions for SMA. Further, exploratory analyses predicting how screen media activity impacted neural trajectories showed no significant impact of SMA on neural maturation over a two-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Miller
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Matti Vuorre
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, UK; Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Orben
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
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Marzola P, Melzer T, Pavesi E, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. Exploring the Role of Neuroplasticity in Development, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38137058 PMCID: PMC10741468 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize and modify its neural connections in response to environmental stimuli, experience, learning, injury, and disease processes. It encompasses a range of mechanisms, including changes in synaptic strength and connectivity, the formation of new synapses, alterations in the structure and function of neurons, and the generation of new neurons. Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining brain function, including learning and memory, as well as in recovery from brain injury and adaptation to environmental changes. In this review, we explore the vast potential of neuroplasticity in various aspects of brain function across the lifespan and in the context of disease. Changes in the aging brain and the significance of neuroplasticity in maintaining cognitive function later in life will also be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss common mechanisms associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes (including protein aggregation and accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation) and how these processes can be mitigated, at least partially, by non-invasive and non-pharmacologic lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting and harnessing neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marzola
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Thayza Melzer
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Eloisa Pavesi
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
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Ha EK, Kim JH, Cha HR, Lee GC, Shin J, Lee E, Lee WS, Yoo EG, Jung MK, Han MY. Assessment of Neurodevelopment and Growth in Congenital Hypothyroidism: Serial 6-Year Follow-up Study of 408 Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1588-e1596. [PMID: 37335967 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The link between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and neurodevelopment is suggested, yet studies applying quantifiable measures are lacking. Moreover, socioeconomic disparities and subtle variation in timing of approach make the relationship difficult to detect. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between CH and abnormalities in neurodevelopment and growth and determine the critical period for intervention. METHODS We utilized a nationwide database to conduct a longitudinal analysis of 919 707 children. Exposure to CH was identified using claims-based data. The primary outcome of interest was suspected neurodevelopmental disorder, as measured using the Korean Ages & Stages Questionnaires (K-ASQ) administered annually from 9 to 72 months of age. Secondary outcomes were height and BMI z-scores. After randomly matching cases and controls at a 1:10 ratio, we employed inverse probability of treatment weighting and generalized estimating equation models for our analyses. We conducted subgroup analysis based on the age of treatment initiation. RESULTS The prevalence of CH in our population was 0.05% (n = 408). Relative to the control group, the CH group had higher risk of suspected neurodevelopmental disorders (propensity score-weighted odds ratio: 4.52; 95% CI: 2.91, 7.02), and significantly increased risk in each of the 5 K-ASQ domains. No time interactions were noted at any rounds for the outcomes according to when the neurodevelopmental assessment was conducted (all P for interaction >.05). The CH group also had higher risk for low height-for-age z-score, but not for elevated BMI-for-age z-score. In subgroup analysis, delayed medication for CH correlated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes. CONCLUSION The CH group had worse neurodevelopmental outcomes and reduced height-for-age z-score. Outcomes were worse when onset of treatment was increasingly delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 07441 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 02447 Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Cha
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419 Suwon, Korea
| | - Gi Chun Lee
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeewon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, 61469 Gwangju, Korea
| | - Won Seok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, 10414 Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 13496 Seongnam, Korea
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42
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Gredebäck G, Dorji N, Sen U, Nyström P, Hellberg J, Wangchuk. Context dependent cognitive development in Bhutanese children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19875. [PMID: 37963958 PMCID: PMC10645759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed risk/protective factors for cognitive development of Bhutanese children (504 3-5 year-olds, 49% girls, major ethnicities Ngalop 26%, Tshangla 30%, Lhotsampa 34%) using a non-verbal test of cognitive capacity (SON-R) and primary caregiver interviews. Cognitive capacity was related to the family's SES and whether the family belonged to the primary Buddhist majority ethnic groups (Ngalop or Tshangla) or primarily Hindu minorities (Lhotsampa). In majority families more engagement in Buddhist practices was associated with higher cognitive capacity in children. Minority children were more impacted by parents autonomous-relatedness values. Results demonstrate that cognitive development is dependent on the financial and educational context of the family, societal events, and culture specific risk/protective factors that differ across sub-groups (majority/minority, culture/religion).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidup Dorji
- Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Umay Sen
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Wangchuk
- Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Michael C, Taxali A, Angstadt M, Kardan O, Weigard A, Molloy MF, McCurry KL, Hyde LW, Heitzeg MM, Sripada C. Socioeconomic resources in youth are linked to divergent patterns of network integration and segregation across the brain's transmodal axis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.565517. [PMID: 38014302 PMCID: PMC10680554 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.565517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic resources (SER) calibrate the developing brain to the current context, which can confer or attenuate risk for psychopathology across the lifespan. Recent multivariate work indicates that SER levels powerfully influence intrinsic functional connectivity patterns across the entire brain. Nevertheless, the neurobiological meaning of these widespread alterations remains poorly understood, despite its translational promise for early risk identification, targeted intervention, and policy reform. In the present study, we leverage the resources of graph theory to precisely characterize multivariate and univariate associations between household SER and the functional integration and segregation (i.e., participation coefficient, within-module degree) of brain regions across major cognitive, affective, and sensorimotor systems during the resting state in 5,821 youth (ages 9-10 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. First, we establish that decomposing the brain into profiles of integration and segregation captures more than half of the multivariate association between SER and functional connectivity with greater parsimony (100-fold reduction in number of features) and interpretability. Second, we show that the topological effects of SER are not uniform across the brain; rather, higher SER levels are related to greater integration of somatomotor and subcortical systems, but greater segregation of default mode, orbitofrontal, and cerebellar systems. Finally, we demonstrate that the effects of SER are spatially patterned along the unimodal-transmodal gradient of brain organization. These findings provide critical interpretive context for the established and widespread effects of SER on brain organization, indicating that SER levels differentially configure the intrinsic functional architecture of developing unimodal and transmodal systems. This study highlights both sensorimotor and higher-order networks that may serve as neural markers of environmental stress and opportunity, and which may guide efforts to scaffold healthy neurobehavioral development among disadvantaged communities of youth.
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44
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James‐Brabham E, Loveridge T, Sella F, Wakeling P, Carroll DJ, Blakey E. How do socioeconomic attainment gaps in early mathematical ability arise? Child Dev 2023; 94:1550-1565. [PMID: 37248732 PMCID: PMC10953023 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Socioeconomic attainment gaps in mathematical ability are evident before children begin school, and widen over time. Little is known about why early attainment gaps emerge. Two cross-sectional correlational studies were conducted in 2018-2019 with socioeconomically diverse preschoolers, to explore four factors that might explain why attainment gaps arise: working memory, inhibitory control, verbal ability, and frequency of home mathematical activities (N = 304, 54% female; 84% White, 10% Asian, 1% black African, 1% Kurdish, 4% mixed ethnicity). Inhibitory control and verbal ability emerged as indirect factors in the relation between socioeconomic status and mathematical ability, but neither working memory nor home activities did. We discuss the implications this has for future research to understand, and work towards narrowing attainment gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toni Loveridge
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Francesco Sella
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition and Centre for Early Mathematics Learning, Department of Mathematics EducationLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | | | | | - Emma Blakey
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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45
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Hashim N, Fischer NL, Kim EB, Yeung WJJ, Yu R. The influence of socioeconomic status and appearance-reality understanding on pre-schoolers' sharing and generosity. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 41:325-342. [PMID: 37114745 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Prosocial behaviour can be defined as any voluntary action that is performed to benefit another individual. Despite accumulating evidence of the importance of environmental variables (e.g., socioeconomic status; SES), and individual characteristics (e.g., theory of mind - ToM - skills), in influencing prosocial behaviours in young children, it is unknown how these factors relate to the underlying motivations for prosocial behaviours. Accordingly, both extrinsically (sharing) and intrinsically (generosity)-guided prosocial behaviours are measured in this study. We explore the influences of SES and ToM skills on young children's sharing behaviour and generosity, while controlling their age, working memory and language skills. Sixty-six 4- to 6 year olds (Mage = 5.24 years, SD = 0.73) from diverse SES (measured by parental education level) and ethnic backgrounds in Singapore completed tasks assessing the ToM measures of false belief and appearance-reality understanding, working memory, language skills, generosity, and sharing behaviour. The results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrate that the father's education level and children's appearance-reality understanding were significant predictors of sharing, after controlling for age, working memory, language skills, and the mother's education level. Children's appearance-reality understanding was the sole predictor of children's generosity. Our findings highlight the impact of children's ability to hold different views of reality and their family's education levels on the development of sharing and generosity in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Hashim
- Centre for Family and Population Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Nastassja L Fischer
- Centre for Family and Population Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth B Kim
- Centre for Family and Population Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jun Jean Yeung
- Centre for Family and Population Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Rongjun Yu
- Centre for Family and Population Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
- Department of Management, Marketing, and Information Systems, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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46
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Andreu CI, García-Rubio C, Melcón M, Schonert-Reichl KA, Albert J. The effectiveness of a school mindfulness-based intervention on the neural correlates of inhibitory control in children at risk: A randomized control trial. Dev Sci 2023; 26:e13403. [PMID: 37096316 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the applications of mindfulness practice in education is growing in the scientific community. Recent research has shown that mindfulness practice in schools may be beneficial for executive functions (EFs) which are abilities crucial for healthy development. The study of the effects of mindfulness practices on children's neural correlates of EFs, particularly inhibitory control, may provide relevant information about the impact and mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a MBI in elementary school children on the neural correlates of inhibitory control via a randomized controlled trial. Children from two 4th grade classrooms and two 5th grade classrooms located in a school identified as having low socioeconomic status in Santiago de Chile were randomly assigned to either receive a MBI or serve as active controls and receive a social skills program. Both before and after the interventions, electroencephalographic activity was recorded during a modified version of the Go/Nogo task in a subsample of children in each group. Additionally, teachers completed questionnaires of students' EFs and students completed self-report measures. Results revealed increases in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with improved P3 amplitude associated with successful response inhibition in children who received the MBI compared to active controls. These results contribute to the understanding of the ways in which mindfulness practices can promote the development of inhibitory control together with EF improvement, factors identified as critical for children's social and emotional development and positive mental health. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based intervention in children from a low socioeconomic status school on neural correlates of EFs. Children performed a Go/Nogo task while electroencephalographic activity was recorded and completed questionnaires before and after a MBI or an active control program. Improvements in EFs assessed by questionnaires together with an increased Nogo-P3 activity associated with successful inhibition in children who received the MBI were found. The results could contribute to understand how mindfulness practice can promote the development of inhibitory control in children from vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Andreu
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Polibienestar Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Rubio
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Nirakara Lab, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Melcón
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jacobo Albert
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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47
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Wilson CA, Santorelli G, Howard LM, Ismail K, Reynolds RM, Simonoff E. Child educational progress in Born in Bradford pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes and also exposed to maternal common mental disorders. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17991. [PMID: 37865701 PMCID: PMC10590408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes and the maternal mental disorders of anxiety and depression have been implicated in adverse offspring neuro-behavioural outcomes but these exposures have only been studied in isolation. 1051 children whose mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes in UK's Born in Bradford cohort had linkage to maternal primary care records, providing diagnostic and treatment codes for depression and anxiety. Education record linkage provided results of the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile from the first year of school, aged five. Risk of not attaining a 'Good level of development' was analysed using multivariable Poisson regression within a generalised estimating equation framework. Multiple imputation was implemented for missing data. There was limited evidence of increased risk of failure to attain a 'good level of development' in those additionally exposed to maternal mental disorders (adjusted RR 1.21; 95% CI 0.94, 1.55). However, there was more evidence in children of Pakistani maternal ethnicity (adjusted RR 1.36; 95% CI 1.04, 1.77) than White British; this may have been driven by English not being the primary language spoken in the home. Therefore there may be groups with GDM in whom it is particularly important to optimise both maternal physical and mental health to improve child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Wilson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO31, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO31, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO31, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, PO31, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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48
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Mule' TN, Hodges J, Wu S, Li Y, Ashford JM, Merchant TE, Conklin HM. Social determinants of cognitive outcomes in survivors of pediatric brain tumors treated with conformal radiation therapy. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1842-1851. [PMID: 37099477 PMCID: PMC10547513 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health including parental occupation, household income, and neighborhood environment are predictors of cognitive outcomes among healthy and ill children; however, few pediatric oncology studies have investigated this relationship. This study utilized the Economic Hardship Index (EHI) to measure neighborhood-level social and economic conditions to predict cognitive outcomes among children treated for brain tumors (BT) with conformal radiation therapy (RT). METHODS Two hundred and forty-one children treated on a prospective, longitudinal, phase II trial of conformal photon RT (54-59.4 Gy) for ependymoma, low-grade glioma, or craniopharyngioma (52% female, 79% white, age at RT = 7.76 ± 4.98 years) completed serial cognitive assessments (intelligence quotient [IQ], reading, math, and adaptive functioning) for ten years. Six US census tract-level EHI scores were calculated for an overall EHI score: unemployment, dependency, education, income, crowded housing, and poverty. Established socioeconomic status (SES) measures from the extant literature were also derived. RESULTS Correlations and non-parametric tests revealed EHI variables share modest variance with other SES measures. Income, unemployment, and poverty overlapped most with individual SES measures. Linear mixed models, accounting for sex, age at RT, and tumor location, revealed EHI variables predicted all cognitive variables at baseline and change in IQ and math over time, with EHI overall and poverty most consistent predictors. Higher economic hardship was associated with lower cognitive scores. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic conditions can help inform understanding of long-term cognitive and academic outcomes in survivors of pediatric BT. Future investigation of poverty's driving forces and the impact of economic hardship on children with other catastrophic diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Mule'
- Department of Educational Psychology and Research, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason Hodges
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason M Ashford
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas E Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heather M Conklin
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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49
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Dasgupta J, Lockwood Estrin G, Summers J, Singh I. Cognitive Enhancement and Social Mobility: Skepticism from India. AJOB Neurosci 2023; 14:341-351. [PMID: 35311617 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2022.2048723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive enhancement (CE) covers a broad spectrum of methods, including behavioral techniques, nootropic drugs, and neuromodulation interventions. However, research on their use in children has almost exclusively been carried out in high-income countries with limited understanding of how experts working with children view their use in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). This study examines perceptions on cognitive enhancement, their techniques, neuroethical issues about their use from an LMICs perspective.Seven Indian experts were purposively sampled for their expertise in bioethics, child development and child education. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide to examine (1) understanding of CE, (2) which approaches were viewed as cognitive enhancers, (3) attitudes toward different CE techniques and (4) neuroethical issues related to CE use within the Indian context. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed before thematic analysis.Findings indicate Indian experts view cognitive enhancement as a holistic positive impact on overall functioning and well-being, rather than improvement in specific cognitive abilities. Exogenous agents, and neuromodulation were viewed with skepticism, whereas behavioral approaches were viewed more favorably. Neuroethical concerns included equitable access to CE, limited scientific evidence and over-reliance on technology to address societal problems. This highlights the need for more contextually relevant neuroethics research in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilina Singh
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Ethics and the Humanities, University of Oxford
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50
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Busby N, Newman-Norlund S, Sayers S, Newman-Norlund R, Wilmskoetter J, Rorden C, Nemati S, Wilson S, Riccardi N, Roth R, Johnson L, den Ouden DB, Fridriksson J, Bonilha L. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with premature brain aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 130:135-140. [PMID: 37506551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature age-related brain changes may be influenced by physical health factors. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is often associated with poorer physical health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SES and premature brain aging. METHODS Brain age was estimated from T1-weighted images using BrainAgeR in 217 participants from the ABC@UofSC Repository. The difference between brain and chronological age (BrainGAP) was calculated. Multiple regression models were used to predict BrainGAP with age, SES, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, sex, race, and education as predictors. SES was calculated from size-adjusted household income and the cost of living. RESULTS Fifty-five participants (25.35%) had greater brain age than chronological age (premature brain aging). Multiple regression models revealed that age, sex, and SES were significant predictors of BrainGAP with lower SES associated with greater BrainGAP (premature brain aging). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that lower SES is an independent contributor to premature brain aging. This may provide additional insight into the mechanisms associated with brain health, cognition, and resilience to neurological injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Busby
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Sarah Newman-Norlund
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sara Sayers
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Janina Wilmskoetter
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chris Rorden
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Samaneh Nemati
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sarah Wilson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas Riccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rebecca Roth
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Johnson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dirk B den Ouden
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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