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Polonio CM, Quintana FJ. Host-gut microbiota crosstalk predicts neuroinflammation. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2204-2205. [PMID: 39160294 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Polonio
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Fitzjerrells RL, Ollberding NJ, Mangalam AK. Looking at the full picture, using topic modeling to observe microbiome communities associated with disease. GUT MICROBES REPORTS 2024; 1:1-11. [PMID: 39183943 PMCID: PMC11340690 DOI: 10.1080/29933935.2024.2378067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome, a complex micro-ecosystem, helps the host with various vital physiological processes. Alterations of the microbiome (dysbiosis) have been linked with several diseases, and generally, differential abundance testing between the healthy and patient groups is performed to identify important bacteria. However, providing a singular species of bacteria to an individual as treatment has not been as successful as fecal microbiota transplant therapy, where the entire microbiome of a healthy individual is transferred. These observations suggest that a combination of bacteria might be crucial for the beneficial effects. Here we provide the framework to utilize topic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, to identify a community of bacteria related to health or disease. Specifically, we used our previously published gut microbiome data of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disease linked to a dysbiotic gut microbiome. We identified communities of bacteria associated with MS, including genera previously discovered, but also others that would have been overlooked by differential abundance testing. This method can be a useful tool for analyzing the microbiome, and it should be considered along with the commonly utilized differential abundance tests to better understand the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Fitzjerrells
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, 601 US-6 W, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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3
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Ashraf H, Dikarlo P, Masia A, Zarbo IR, Solla P, Ijaz UZ, Sechi LA. Network analysis of gut microbial communities reveal key genera for a multiple sclerosis cohort with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:37. [PMID: 38987816 PMCID: PMC11238521 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gut ecosystems, there is a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic interactions that decide the overall fitness of an individual. Divulging the microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions may lead to better strategies in disease management, as microbes rarely act in isolation. Network inference for microbial communities is often a challenging task limited by both analytical assumptions as well as experimental approaches. Even after the network topologies are obtained, identification of important nodes within the context of underlying disease aetiology remains a convoluted task. We therefore present a network perspective on complex interactions in gut microbial profiles of individuals who have multiple sclerosis with and without Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. Our exposé is guided by recent advancements in network-wide statistical measures that identify the keystone nodes. We have utilised several centrality measures, including a recently published metric, Integrated View of Influence (IVI), that is robust against biases. RESULTS The ecological networks were generated on microbial abundance data (n = 69 samples) utilising 16 S rRNA amplification. Using SPIEC-EASI, a sparse inverse covariance estimation approach, we have obtained networks separately for MAP positive (+), MAP negative (-) and healthy controls (as a baseline). Using IVI metric, we identified top 20 keystone nodes and regressed them against covariates of interest using a generalised linear latent variable model. Our analyses suggest Eisenbergiella to be of pivotal importance in MS irrespective of MAP infection. For MAP + cohort, Pyarmidobacter, and Peptoclostridium were predominately the most influential genera, also hinting at an infection model similar to those observed in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). In MAP- cohort, on the other hand, Coprostanoligenes group was the most influential genera that reduces cholesterol and supports the intestinal barrier. CONCLUSIONS The identification of keystone nodes, their co-occurrences, and associations with the exposome (meta data) advances our understanding of biological interactions through which MAP infection shapes the microbiome in MS individuals, suggesting the link to the inflammatory process of IBDs. The associations presented in this study may lead to development of improved diagnostics and effective vaccines for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Water & Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Plamena Dikarlo
- BIOMES NGS GmbH, Schwartzkopffstraße 1, 15745, Halle 21, Wildau, Germany
| | - Aurora Masia
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ignazio R Zarbo
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Neurology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water & Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
- Complex Structure of Microbiology and Virology, AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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4
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Han B, Shi L, Bao MY, Yu FL, Zhang Y, Lu XY, Wang Y, Li DX, Lin JC, Jia W, Li X, Zhang Y. Dietary ellagic acid therapy for CNS autoimmunity: Targeting on Alloprevotella rava and propionate metabolism. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:114. [PMID: 38915127 PMCID: PMC11194905 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean diet rich in polyphenolic compounds holds great promise to prevent and alleviate multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system autoimmune disease associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Health-promoting effects of natural polyphenols with low bioavailability could be attributed to gut microbiota reconstruction. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains elusive, resulting in rare therapies have proposed for polyphenol-targeted modulation of gut microbiota for the treatment of MS. RESULTS We found that oral ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol rich in the Mediterranean diet, effectively halted the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS, via regulating a microbiota-metabolites-immunity axis. EA remodeled the gut microbiome composition and particularly increased the relative abundances of short-chain fatty acids -producing bacteria like Alloprevotella. Propionate (C3) was most significantly up-regulated by EA, and integrative modeling revealed a strong negative correlation between Alloprevotella or C3 and the pathological symptoms of EAE. Gut microbiota depletion negated the alleviating effects of EA on EAE, whereas oral administration of Alloprevotella rava mimicked the beneficial effects of EA on EAE. Moreover, EA directly promoted Alloprevotella rava (DSM 22548) growth and C3 production in vitro. The cell-free supernatants of Alloprevotella rava co-culture with EA suppressed Th17 differentiation by modulating acetylation in cell models. C3 can alleviate EAE development, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting HDAC activity and up-regulating acetylation thereby reducing inflammatory cytokines secreted by pathogenic Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies EA as a novel and potentially effective prebiotic for improving MS and other autoimmune diseases via the microbiota-metabolites-immunity axis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Yue Bao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng-Lin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- School of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Li
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lin
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Shaanxi Normal University), The Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Xie L, He M, Ying C, Chu H. Mechanisms of inflammation after ischemic stroke in brain-peripheral crosstalk. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1400808. [PMID: 38932932 PMCID: PMC11199882 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, among which ischemic stroke is more common. However, there is still a lack of effective methods to improve the prognosis and reduce the incidence of its complications. At present, there is evidence that peripheral organs are involved in the inflammatory response after stroke. Moreover, the interaction between central and peripheral inflammation includes the activation of resident and peripheral immune cells, as well as the activation of inflammation-related signaling pathways, which all play an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of inflammatory response after ischemic stroke, as well as the interactions through circulatory pathways between peripheral organs (such as the gut, heart, lung and spleen) and the brain to mediate and regulate inflammation after ischemic stroke. We also propose the potential role of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs)-cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) as a brain-peripheral crosstalk lymphatic pathway in ischemic stroke. In addition, we also summarize the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xie
- Department of Critical Medicine, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Critical Medicine, First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caidi Ying
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Haifeng Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Gisevius B, Duscha A, Poschmann G, Stühler K, Motte J, Fisse AL, Augustyniak S, Rehm A, Renk P, Böse C, Hubert D, Peters K, Jagst M, Gömer A, Todt D, Bader V, Tokic M, Hirschberg S, Krogias C, Trampe N, Coutourier C, Winnesberg C, Steinmann E, Winklhofer K, Gold R, Haghikia A. Propionic acid promotes neurite recovery in damaged multiple sclerosis neurons. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae182. [PMID: 38894951 PMCID: PMC11184351 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis still poses a major therapeutic challenge. Effective drugs that target the inflammation can only partially reduce accumulation of neurological deficits and conversion to progressive disease forms. Diet and the associated gut microbiome are currently being discussed as crucial environmental risk factors that determine disease onset and subsequent progression. In people with multiple sclerosis, supplementation of the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid, as a microbial metabolite derived from the fermentation of a high-fiber diet, has previously been shown to regulate inflammation accompanied by neuroprotective properties. We set out to determine whether the neuroprotective impact of propionic acid is a direct mode of action of short-chain fatty acids on CNS neurons. We analysed neurite recovery in the presence of the short-chain fatty acid propionic acid and butyric acid in a reverse-translational disease-in-a-dish model of human-induced primary neurons differentiated from people with multiple sclerosis-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that recovery of damaged neurites is induced by propionic acid and butyric acid. We could also show that administration of butyric acid is able to enhance propionic acid-associated neurite recovery. Whole-cell proteome analysis of induced primary neurons following recovery in the presence of propionic acid revealed abundant changes of protein groups that are associated with the chromatin assembly, translational, and metabolic processes. We further present evidence that these alterations in the chromatin assembly were associated with inhibition of histone deacetylase class I/II following both propionic acid and butyric acid treatment, mediated by free fatty acid receptor signalling. While neurite recovery in the presence of propionic acid is promoted by activation of the anti-oxidative response, administration of butyric acid increases neuronal ATP synthesis in people with multiple sclerosis-specific induced primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gisevius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Duscha
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40335 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40335 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Fisse
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sanja Augustyniak
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Adriana Rehm
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Renk
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Celina Böse
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Diana Hubert
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Peters
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michelle Jagst
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marianne Tokic
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirschberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Trampe
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Charlotta Coutourier
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Carmen Winnesberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Aiden Haghikia
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
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8
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Kiran NS, Yashaswini C, Chatterjee A. Noxious ramifications of cosmetic pollutants on gastrointestinal microbiome: A pathway to neurological disorders. Life Sci 2024; 336:122311. [PMID: 38043908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
On exposure to cosmetic pollutants, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, which is characterised by a disturbance in the gut microbiota, has come into focus as a possible contributor to the occurrence of neurotoxic consequences. It is normal practice to use personal care products that include parabens, phthalates, sulphates, triclosans/triclocarbans and micro/nano plastics. These substances have been found in a variety of bodily fluids and tissues, demonstrating their systemic dispersion. Being exposed to these cosmetic pollutants has been linked in recent research to neurotoxicity, including cognitive decline and neurodevelopmental problems. A vital part of sustaining gut health and general well-being is the gut flora. Increased intestinal permeability, persistent inflammation, and impaired metabolism may result from disruption of the gut microbial environment, which may in turn contribute to neurotoxicity. The link between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and the neurotoxic effects brought on by cosmetic pollutants may be explained by a number of processes, primarily the gut-brain axis. For the purpose of creating preventative and therapeutic measures, it is crucial to comprehend the intricate interactions involving cosmetic pollutants, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and neurotoxicity. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the various hazardous cosmetic pollutants and its potential role in the occurrence of neurological disorders via gastrointestinal dysbiosis, providing insights into various described and hypothetical mechanisms regarding the complex toxic effects of these industrial pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Chandrashekar Yashaswini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bangalore, Karnataka 560064, India.
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9
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Dou M, Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang M, Li X, Ma R, Fan Z, Zhao X, Wang W, Li S, Lv Y, Zhu L. Matrine Mediated Immune Protection in MS by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Production of SCFAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:74-90. [PMID: 37581848 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
There is clearly an unmet need for more effective and safer treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). Our previous studies showed a significant therapeutic effect of matrine, a monomer of traditional herbal medicine, on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. To explore the mechanism of matrine action, we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology to determine the gut microbes in matrine-treated EAE mice and controls. The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were then tested by metabonomics. Finally, we established pseudo-sterile mice and transplanted into them fecal microbiota, which had been obtained from the high-dose matrine-treated EAE mice to test the effects of matrine. The results showed that matrine could restore the diversity of gut microbiota and promote the production of SCFAs in EAE mice. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from matrine-treated mice significantly alleviated EAE severity, reduced CNS inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, and decreased the level of IL-17 but increased IL-10 in sera of mice. In conclusion, matrine treatment can regulate gut microbiota and metabolites and halt the progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaojuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueliang Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Silu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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10
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Bianchimano P, Iwanowski K, Smith EM, Cantor A, Leone P, Bongers G, Gonzalez CG, Hongsup Y, Elias J, Weiner HL, Clemente JC, Tankou SK. Oral vancomycin treatment suppresses gut trypsin activity and preserves intestinal barrier function during EAE. iScience 2023; 26:108143. [PMID: 37915599 PMCID: PMC10616394 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported increased intestinal permeability in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms driving increased intestinal permeability that in turn exacerbate neuroinflammation during EAE remain unclear. Here we showed that vancomycin preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier, while also suppressing gut trypsin activity, enhancing the relative abundance of specific Lactobacilli and ameliorating disease during EAE. Furthermore, Lactobacilli enriched in the gut of vancomycin-treated EAE mice at day 3 post immunization negatively correlated with gut trypsin activity and EAE severity. In untreated EAE mice, we observed increased intestinal permeability and increased intestinal protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) expression at day 3 post immunization. Prior studies have shown that trypsin increases intestinal permeability by activating PAR2. Our results suggest that the interaction between intestinal PAR2 and trypsin may be a key modulator of intestinal permeability and disease severity during EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bianchimano
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kacper Iwanowski
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Cantor
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Leone
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos G. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoon Hongsup
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Hospital and Biomedical Center of the Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Martinsried, Germany
- Hertie Senior Professor Group, Max-Plank-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joshua Elias
- Mass Spectrometry Platform, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Tankou
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Lee HG, Lee JH, Flausino LE, Quintana FJ. Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi7828. [PMID: 37939162 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of astrocytes and their extensive interactions with other cell types in the CNS. In this Review, we highlight the intricate interactions between astrocytes, other CNS-resident cells, and CNS-infiltrating cells as well as their potential therapeutic value in the context of inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon-Hyuk Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lucas E Flausino
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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12
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Wang T, Pan C, Xie C, Chen L, Song Z, Liao H, Xin C. Microbiota Metabolites and Immune Regulation Affect Ischemic Stroke Occurrence, Development, and Prognosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6176-6187. [PMID: 37432592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota are not only related to the development and occurrence of digestive system disease, but also have a bidirectional relationship with nervous system diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. At present, correlations between the gut microbiota and neurological diseases, including stroke, are one of the focuses of investigation and attention in the medical community. Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease accompanied by focal neurological deficit or central nervous system injury or death. In this review, we summarize the contemporary latest research on correlations between the gut microbiota and IS. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms of gut microbiota implicated in IS and related to metabolite production and immune regulation. Moreover, the factors of gut microbiota that affecting IS occurrence, and research implicating the gut microbiota as potential therapeutic targets for IS, are highlighted. Our review highlights the evidential relationships and connections between the gut microbiota and IS pathogenesis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chuanling Pan
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Chen
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Liao
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Caiyan Xin
- Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Stolzer I, Scherer E, Süß P, Rothhammer V, Winner B, Neurath MF, Günther C. Impact of Microbiome-Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14925. [PMID: 37834373 PMCID: PMC10573483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut-brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Microbiota-gut-brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut-brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eveline Scherer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Süß
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Li S, Li L. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical exercise on multiple sclerosis: focus on immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260663. [PMID: 37841264 PMCID: PMC10570846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neuroimmunological illness that leads to neurological disability in young adults. Although the etiology of MS is heterogeneous, it is well established that aberrant activity of adaptive and innate immune cells plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Several immune cell abnormalities have been described in MS and its animal models, including T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes, among others. Physical exercise offers a valuable alternative or adjunctive disease-modifying therapy for MS. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise may reduce the autoimmune responses triggered by immune cells in MS. This is partially accomplished by restricting the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, curbing hyperactivation of immune cells, and facilitating a transition in the balance of immune cells from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. This review provides a succinct overview of the correlation between physical exercise, immune cells, and MS pathology, and highlights the potential benefits of exercise as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shichang Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zhou Y, Xie L, Schröder J, Schuster IS, Nakai M, Sun G, Sun YBY, Mariño E, Degli-Esposti MA, Marques FZ, Grubman A, Polo JM, Mackay CR. Dietary Fiber and Microbiota Metabolite Receptors Enhance Cognition and Alleviate Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6460-6475. [PMID: 37596052 PMCID: PMC10506626 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood etiology. AD has several similarities with other "Western lifestyle" inflammatory diseases, where the gut microbiome and immune pathways have been associated. Previously, we and others have noted the involvement of metabolite-sensing GPCRs and their ligands, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in protection of numerous Western diseases in mouse models, such as Type I diabetes and hypertension. Depletion of GPR43, GPR41, or GPR109A accelerates disease, whereas high SCFA yielding diets protect in mouse models. Here, we extended the concept that metabolite-sensing receptors and SCFAs may be a more common protective mechanism against Western diseases by studying their role in AD pathogenesis in the 5xFAD mouse model. Both male and female mice were included. Depletion of GPR41 and GPR43 accelerated cognitive decline and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 5xFAD and WT mice. Lack of fiber/SCFAs accelerated a memory deficit, whereas diets supplemented with high acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) delayed cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. Fiber intake impacted on microglial morphology in WT mice and microglial clustering phenotype in 5xFAD mice. Lack of fiber impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both W and AD mice. Finally, maternal dietary fiber intake significantly affects offspring's cognitive functions in 5xFAD mice and microglial transcriptome in both WT and 5xFAD mice, suggesting that SCFAs may exert their effect during pregnancy and lactation. Together, metabolite-sensing GPCRs and SCFAs are essential for protection against AD, and reveal a new strategy for disease prevention.Significance Statement Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases; currently, there is no cure for AD. In our study, short-chain fatty acids and metabolite receptors play an important role in cognitive function and pathology in AD mouse model as well as in WT mice. SCFAs also impact on microglia transcriptome, and immune cell recruitment. Out study indicates the potential of specialized diets (supplemented with high acetate and butyrate) releasing high amounts of SCFAs to protect against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jan Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6009
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China, 6009
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16
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Shrode RL, Ollberding NJ, Mangalam AK. Looking at the Full Picture: Utilizing Topic Modeling to Determine Disease-Associated Microbiome Communities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549984. [PMID: 37546903 PMCID: PMC10401927 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a complex micro-ecosystem that provides the host with pathogen defense, food metabolism, and other vital processes. Alterations of the microbiome (dysbiosis) have been linked with a number of diseases such as cancers, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease, etc. Generally, differential abundance testing between the healthy and patient groups is performed to identify important bacteria (enriched or depleted in one group). However, simply providing a singular species of bacteria to an individual lacking that species for health improvement has not been as successful as fecal matter transplant (FMT) therapy. Interestingly, FMT therapy transfers the entire gut microbiome of a healthy (or mixture of) individual to an individual with a disease. FMTs do, however, have limited success, possibly due to concerns that not all bacteria in the community may be responsible for the healthy phenotype. Therefore, it is important to identify the community of microorganisms linked to the health as well as the disease state of the host. Here we applied topic modeling, a natural language processing tool, to assess latent interactions occurring among microbes; thus, providing a representation of the community of bacteria relevant to healthy vs. disease state. Specifically, we utilized our previously published data that studied the gut microbiome of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease that has been linked to a variety of factors, including a dysbiotic gut microbiome. With topic modeling we identified communities of bacteria associated with RRMS, including genera previously discovered, but also other taxa that would have been overlooked simply with differential abundance testing. Our work shows that topic modeling can be a useful tool for analyzing the microbiome in dysbiosis and that it could be considered along with the commonly utilized differential abundance tests to better understand the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Shrode
- Department of Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
| | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Informatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, 25 S Grand Ave, 1080-ML, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Clinician Scientist, Iowa City VA Health Care System, 601 US-6 W, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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17
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Hedström AK. Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212676. [PMID: 37554326 PMCID: PMC10406387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease may arise from a complex interplay between latent EBV infection, genetic predisposition, and various environmental and lifestyle factors that negatively affect immune control of the infection. Evidence of gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals supports this view. This review gives a short introduction to EBV and host immunity and discusses evidence indicating EBV as a prerequisite for MS. The role of genetic and environmental risk factors, and their interactions, in MS pathogenesis is reviewed and put in the context of EBV infection. Finally, possible preventive measures are discussed based on the findings presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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19
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Kumar N, Sahoo NK, Mehan S, Verma B. The importance of gut-brain axis and use of probiotics as a treatment strategy for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104547. [PMID: 36805171 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that the dysbiosis of the gut's microbes substantially impacts CNS illnesses, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, autism, and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a CNS-affected autoimmune demyelination condition. Through a two-way communication pathway known as the gut-brain axis, gut microbes communicate with the CNS. When there is a disruption in the gut microbiome, cytokines and other immune cells are secreted, which affects the BBB and gastrointestinal permeability. Recent research using animal models has revealed that the gut microbiota may greatly influence the pathophysiology of EAE/MS. Any change in the gut might increase inflammatory cytokinesand affect the quantity of SCFAs, and other metabolites that cause neuroinflammation and demyelination. In- vivo and in-vitro studies have concluded that probiotics affect the immune system and can be utilized to treat gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Any alteration in the gut microbial composition caused by probiotic intake may serve as a preventive and treatment strategy for MS. The major goal of this review is to emphasize an overview of recent research on the function of gut microbiota in the onset of MS and how probiotics have a substantial impact on gastrointestinal disruption in MS and other neuro disorders. It will be easier to develop new therapeutic approaches, particularly probiotic-based supplements, for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) if we know the link between the gut and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India.
| | - Nalini Kanta Sahoo
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab 142001, India
| | - Bharti Verma
- SRM Modinagar College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Delhi-NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201204, India
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20
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Zhou LJ, Lin WZ, Liu T, Chen BY, Meng XQ, Li YL, Du LJ, Liu Y, Qian YC, Zhu YQ, Duan SZ. Oral Pathobionts Promote MS-like Symptoms in Mice. J Dent Res 2023; 102:217-226. [PMID: 36266965 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221128202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiotic oral microbiota has been associated with multiple sclerosis. However, the role and mechanism of oral microbiota in the development of multiple sclerosis are still elusive. Here, we demonstrated that ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) aggravated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice, and this was likely dependent on the expansion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. LIP increased the splenic richness of Enterobacter sp., which was able to induce the expansion of splenic Th17 cells and aggravate EAE in mice. LIP also led to enrichment of Erysipelotrichaceae sp. in the gut and increased Th17 cells in the large intestinal lamina propria of EAE mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation from EAE mice with LIP also promoted EAE symptoms. In conclusion, periodontitis exacerbates EAE, likely through ectopic colonization of oral pathobionts and expansion of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Zhou
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - W-Z Lin
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - T Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - B-Y Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - X-Q Meng
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-L Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - L-J Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-C Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y-Q Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - S-Z Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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21
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Thirion F, Sellebjerg F, Fan Y, Lyu L, Hansen TH, Pons N, Levenez F, Quinquis B, Stankevic E, Søndergaard HB, Dantoft TM, Poulsen CS, Forslund SK, Vestergaard H, Hansen T, Brix S, Oturai A, Sørensen PS, Ehrlich SD, Pedersen O. The gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis varies with disease activity. Genome Med 2023; 15:1. [PMID: 36604748 PMCID: PMC9814178 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the brain and spinal cord resulting in physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. It is hypothesized that a disrupted bacterial and viral gut microbiota is a part of the pathogenesis mediating disease impact through an altered gut microbiota-brain axis. The aim of this study is to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and to associate it with disease variables, as the etiology of the disease remains only partially known. METHODS Here, in a case-control setting involving 148 Danish cases with multiple sclerosis and 148 matched healthy control subjects, we performed shotgun sequencing of fecal microbial DNA and associated bacterial and viral microbiota findings with plasma cytokines, blood cell gene expression profiles, and disease activity. RESULTS We found 61 bacterial species that were differentially abundant when comparing all multiple sclerosis cases with healthy controls, among which 31 species were enriched in cases. A cluster of inflammation markers composed of blood leukocytes, CRP, and blood cell gene expression of IL17A and IL6 was positively associated with a cluster of multiple sclerosis-related species. Bacterial species that were more abundant in cases with disease-active treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis were positively linked to a group of plasma cytokines including IL-22, IL-17A, IFN-β, IL-33, and TNF-α. The bacterial species richness of treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis cases was associated with number of relapses over a follow-up period of 2 years. However, in non-disease-active cases, we identified two bacterial species, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens, whose absolute abundance was enriched. These bacteria are known to produce anti-inflammatory metabolites including butyrate and urolithin. In addition, cases with multiple sclerosis had a higher viral species diversity and a higher abundance of Caudovirales bacteriophages. CONCLUSIONS Considerable aberrations are present in the gut microbiota of patients with multiple sclerosis that are directly associated with blood biomarkers of inflammation, and in treatment-naïve cases bacterial richness is positively associated with disease activity. Yet, the finding of two symbiotic bacterial species in non-disease-active cases that produce favorable immune-modulating compounds provides a rationale for testing these bacteria as adjunct therapeutics in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Thirion
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Finn Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Fan
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liwei Lyu
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue H Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Levenez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benoit Quinquis
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle B Søndergaard
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Casper S Poulsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785, Berlin, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Rønne Hospital, 3700, Bornholm, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Oturai
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Per Soelberg Sørensen
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Stanislav D Ehrlich
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3RX, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, 2900, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Diseases-Identification of Novel Molecular Players and Targets. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010335. [PMID: 36615135 PMCID: PMC9821340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, unexpected developments have driven studies in the field of clinical immunology. One driver of immense impact was the outbreak of a pandemic caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2. Excellent recent reviews address diverse aspects of immunological re-search into cardiovascular diseases. Here, we specifically focus on selected studies taking advantage of advanced state-of-the-art molecular genetic methods ranging from genome-wide epi/transcriptome mapping and variant scanning to optogenetics and chemogenetics. First, we discuss the emerging clinical relevance of advanced diagnostics for cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with COVID-19-with a focus on the role of inflammation in cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias. Second, we consider newly identified immunological interactions at organ and system levels which affect cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, studies into immune influences arising from the intestinal system are moving towards therapeutic exploitation. Further, powerful new research tools have enabled novel insight into brain-immune system interactions at unprecedented resolution. This latter line of investigation emphasizes the strength of influence of emotional stress-acting through defined brain regions-upon viral and cardiovascular disorders. Several challenges need to be overcome before the full impact of these far-reaching new findings will hit the clinical arena.
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23
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Kang JN, Sun ZF, Li XY, Zhang XD, Jin ZX, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang HY, Huang NN, Jiang JH, Ning B. Alterations in gut microbiota are related to metabolite profiles in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1076-1083. [PMID: 36254996 PMCID: PMC9827763 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that gut microbiota metabolites can enter the central nervous system via the blood-spinal cord barrier and cause neuroinflammation, thus constituting secondary injury after spinal cord injury. To investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and metabolites and the possible mechanism underlying the effects of gut microbiota on secondary injury after spinal cord injury, in this study, we established mouse models of T8-T10 traumatic spinal cord injury. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in fecal samples from the mouse model. Results showed a severe gut microbiota disturbance after spinal cord injury, which included marked increases in pro-inflammatory bacteria, such as Shigella, Bacteroides, Rikenella, Staphylococcus, and Mucispirillum and decreases in anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Sutterella. Meanwhile, we identified 27 metabolites that decreased and 320 metabolites that increased in the injured spinal cord. Combined with pathway enrichment analysis, five markedly differential amino acids (L-leucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-isoleucine and L-valine) were screened out, which play a pivotal role in activating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses following spinal cord injury. Integrated correlation analysis indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was related to the differences in amino acids, which suggests that disturbances in gut microbiota might participate in the secondary injury through the accumulation of partial metabolites that activate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Findings from this study provide a new theoretical basis for improving the secondary injury after spinal cord injury through fecal microbial transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ning Kang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Fang Sun
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Di Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Jin
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Na-Na Huang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian-Hao Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China,Correspondence to: Bin Ning, ; Jian-Hao Jiang, .
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China,Correspondence to: Bin Ning, ; Jian-Hao Jiang, .
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24
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Zhou X, Baumann R, Gao X, Mendoza M, Singh S, Sand IK, Xia Z, Cox LM, Chitnis T, Yoon H, Moles L, Caillier SJ, Santaniello A, Ackermann G, Harroud A, Lincoln R, Gomez R, Peña AG, Digga E, Hakim DJ, Vazquez-Baeza Y, Soman K, Warto S, Humphrey G, Farez M, Gerdes LA, Oksenberg JR, Zamvil SS, Chandran S, Connick P, Otaegui D, Castillo-Triviño T, Hauser SL, Gelfand JM, Weiner HL, Hohlfeld R, Wekerle H, Graves J, Bar-Or A, Cree BA, Correale J, Knight R, Baranzini SE. Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell 2022; 185:3467-3486.e16. [PMID: 36113426 PMCID: PMC10143502 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with several diseases. Here, the International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS) studied the gut microbiome of 576 MS patients (36% untreated) and genetically unrelated household healthy controls (1,152 total subjects). We observed a significantly increased proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Hungatella hathewayi, and Eisenbergiella tayi and decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Blautia species. The phytate degradation pathway was over-represented in untreated MS, while pyruvate-producing carbohydrate metabolism pathways were significantly reduced. Microbiome composition, function, and derived metabolites also differed in response to disease-modifying treatments. The therapeutic activity of interferon-β may in part be associated with upregulation of short-chain fatty acid transporters. Distinct microbial networks were observed in untreated MS and healthy controls. These results strongly support specific gut microbiome associations with MS risk, course and progression, and functional changes in response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Baumann
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Myra Mendoza
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Singh
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Katz Sand
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zongqi Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lau M. Cox
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongsup Yoon
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), München, Germany
- Department Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Moles
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stacy J. Caillier
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Santaniello
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adil Harroud
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robin Lincoln
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Elise Digga
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Joseph Hakim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yoshiki Vazquez-Baeza
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Soman
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Warto
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mauricio Farez
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raul Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jorge R. Oksenberg
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott S. Zamvil
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter Connick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Otaegui
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tamara Castillo-Triviño
- Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Stephen L. Hauser
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Gelfand
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), München, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Department Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Neurobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A.C. Cree
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raul Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio E. Baranzini
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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25
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Bierhansl L, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Ruck T, Roden M, Meuth SG. Thinking outside the box: non-canonical targets in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:578-600. [PMID: 35668103 PMCID: PMC9169033 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination, axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive neurological disability. Fuelled by an evolving understanding of MS immunopathogenesis, the range of available immunotherapies for clinical use has expanded over the past two decades. However, MS remains an incurable disease and even targeted immunotherapies often fail to control insidious disease progression, indicating the need for new and exceptional therapeutic options beyond the established immunological landscape. In this Review, we highlight such non-canonical targets in preclinical MS research with a focus on five highly promising areas: oligodendrocytes; the blood-brain barrier; metabolites and cellular metabolism; the coagulation system; and tolerance induction. Recent findings in these areas may guide the field towards novel targets for future therapeutic approaches in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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26
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Duarte-Silva E, Ulrich H, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Hartung HP, Meuth SG, Peixoto CA. The adenosinergic signaling in the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946698. [PMID: 35967385 PMCID: PMC9368763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly disabling, progressive neurodegenerative disease with no curative treatment available. Although significant progress has been made in understanding how MS develops, there remain aspects of disease pathogenesis that are yet to be fully elucidated. In this regard, studies have shown that dysfunctional adenosinergic signaling plays a pivotal role, as patients with MS have altered levels adenosine (ADO), adenosine receptors and proteins involved in the generation and termination of ADO signaling, such as CD39 and adenosine deaminase (ADA). We have therefore performed a literature review regarding the involvement of the adenosinergic system in the development of MS and propose mechanisms by which the modulation of this system can support drug development and repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dopkins N, Miranda K, Wilson K, Holloman BL, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. Effects of Orally Administered Cannabidiol on Neuroinflammation and Intestinal Inflammation in the Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:15-32. [PMID: 34757526 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive compound isolated from Cannabis plants that has garnered attention within the medical community due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties. To better understand how CBD limits excessive neuroinflammation we administered CBD via oral gavage (20 mg/kg) in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS) known as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA Seq) and array-based transcriptomics we were able to delineate how CBD limits excessive inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) as well as within the intestinal lining in EAE. In-depth scRNA Seq analysis of CNS tissue demonstrated that CBD treatment resulted in a significant reduction in CXCL9, CXCL10 and IL-1β expression within the CNS, leading to inhibited infiltration of inflammatory macrophages. CBD inhibited IL-1β production independent of the classical cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. CBD treatment also led to induction of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) both in the CNS and periphery. Interestingly, CBD treatment of EAE mice revealed significant suppression of inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of CBD treated mice demonstrated a transcriptional inhibition of a family of pyroptosis initiators that drive localized inflammation known as gasdermins (GSDMs). Further investigation into the GI tract via 16s sequencing of cecal and fecal contents demonstrated that oral administration of CBD resulted in no significant changes in the intestinal microbiota composition. These findings demonstrate the beneficial effect of CBD treatment on autoimmune neuroinflammation by ablating expression of pro-inflammatory chemoattractants, regulating inflammatory macrophage activity, promoting MDSC expansion, and limiting the systemic low-grade inflammation in the GI tract, culminating in the attenuation of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dopkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kathryn Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kiesha Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA
| | - Bryan L Holloman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC, 29208, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
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29
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Duarte-Silva E, Meuth SG, Peixoto CA. Microbial Metabolites in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:885031. [PMID: 35573295 PMCID: PMC9096831 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.885031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota have been shown to play an important role in numerous inflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, microbial metabolites have been implicated in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, especially in the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are key regulators of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Furthermore, they affect processes relevant to MS pathophysiology, such as inflammation and demyelination, which makes them attractive molecules to be explored as therapeutics in MS. In this review, we discuss the importance of these metabolites as factors contributing to disease pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets in MS. Establishing an improved understanding of these gut-microbiota derived metabolites may provide new avenues for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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30
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Wu P, Zhu T, Tan Z, Chen S, Fang Z. Role of Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:812303. [PMID: 35601107 PMCID: PMC9121061 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.812303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and its metabolites play an important role in maintaining host homeostasis. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant clinical syndrome with a frightening mortality. Pulmonary vascular remodeling is an important feature of PAH, and its pathogenesis is not well established. With the progress of studies on intestinal microbes in different disease, cumulative evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a major role in PAH pathophysiology. In this review, we will systematically summarize translational and preclinical data on the correlation between gut dysbiosis and PAH and investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in the causation of PAH. Then, we point out the potential significance of gut dysbiosis in the diagnosis and treatment of PAH as well as several problems that remain to be resolved in the field of gut dysbiosis and PAH. All of this knowledge of gut microbiome might pave the way for the extension of novel pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and targeted therapies for PAH.
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31
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Bronge M, Högelin KA, Thomas OG, Ruhrmann S, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Nilsson OB, Kaiser A, Zeitelhofer M, Holmgren E, Linnerbauer M, Adzemovic MZ, Hellström C, Jelcic I, Liu H, Nilsson P, Hillert J, Brundin L, Fink K, Kockum I, Tengvall K, Martin R, Tegel H, Gräslund T, Al Nimer F, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Khademi M, Gafvelin G, Olsson T, Grönlund H. Identification of four novel T cell autoantigens and personal autoreactive profiles in multiple sclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1823. [PMID: 35476434 PMCID: PMC9045615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which pathological T cells, likely autoimmune, play a key role. Despite its central importance, the autoantigen repertoire remains largely uncharacterized. Using a novel in vitro antigen delivery method combined with the Human Protein Atlas library, we screened for T cell autoreactivity against 63 CNS-expressed proteins. We identified four previously unreported autoantigens in MS: fatty acid-binding protein 7, prokineticin-2, reticulon-3, and synaptosomal-associated protein 91, which were verified to induce interferon-γ responses in MS in two cohorts. Autoreactive profiles were heterogeneous, and reactivity to several autoantigens was MS-selective. Autoreactive T cells were predominantly CD4+ and human leukocyte antigen-DR restricted. Mouse immunization induced antigen-specific responses and CNS leukocyte infiltration. This represents one of the largest systematic efforts to date in the search for MS autoantigens, demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, and highlights promising targets for future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Bronge
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Asplund Högelin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivia G. Thomas
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola B. Nilsson
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmgren
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ivan Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Human Protein Atlas, Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Ghaffari S, Abbasi A, Somi MH, Moaddab SY, Nikniaz L, Kafil HS, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Akkermansia muciniphila: from its critical role in human health to strategies for promoting its abundance in human gut microbiome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7357-7377. [PMID: 35238258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, a frequent colonizer in the gut mucous layer of individuals, has constantly been recognized as a promising candidate for the next generation of probiotics due to its biological advantages from in vitro and in vivo investigations. This manuscript comprehensively reviewed the features of A. muciniphila in terms of its function in host physiology and frequently utilized nutrition using the published peer-reviewed articles, which should present valuable and critical information to scientists, engineers, and even the general population. A. muciniphila is an important bacterium that shows host physiology. However, its physiological advantages in several clinical settings also have excellent potential to become a probiotic. Consequently, it can be stated that there is a coherent and direct relation between the biological activities of the gut microbiota, intestinal dysbiosis/eubiosis, and the population of A. muciniphila in the gut milieu, which is influenced by various genetical and nutritional factors. Current regulatory barriers, the need for large-scale clinical trials, and the feasibility of production must be removed before A muciniphila can be extensively used as a next-generation probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ghaffari
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Montazeri M, Eskandari N, Mansouri R. Evaluation of the expressed miR-129 and miR-549a in patients with multiple sclerosis. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 10:48. [PMID: 35127575 PMCID: PMC8781915 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_268_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) as circulating biomarkers has been underlined in multiple sclerosis (MS) in the last decade. Due to the presence of a possible relationship between expressed miRNAs and heterogeneous appearances of the pathological processes in MS, the present study attempts to evaluate the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a in patients with MS in comparison with healthy control (HC) group. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from fifty patients with MS (subtypes including relapsing–remitting MS and secondary progressive MS) in the Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, and fifty people as HC group. After RNA extraction and complementary DNA synthesis, the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a was evaluated in patients with MS in comparison with the HC group using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Mann–Whitney tests. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between miR-129 and miR-549a with age. Results: The results showed that the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a was not significant in patients with MS in comparison with the HC group. Furthermore, the relationship between such miRNAs and age and gender was not significant. Conclusion: We suggest the expression of miR-129 and miR-549a as circulating miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells could not be considered a biomarker for diagnosis and Para clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Montazeri
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Treg-associated monogenic autoimmune disorders and gut microbial dysbiosis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:35-43. [PMID: 33731809 PMCID: PMC8446091 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) caused by a single-gene defect generally are referred to as monogenic autoimmune disorders. For example, mutations in the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) result in a condition called autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy; while mutations in forkhead box P3 lead to regulatory T cell (Treg)-deficiency-induced multiorgan inflammation, which in humans is called "immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy with X-linked inheritance" (or IPEX syndrome). Previous studies concluded that monogenic diseases are insensitive to commensal microbial regulation because they develop even in germ-free (GF) animals, a conclusion that has limited the number of studies determining the role of microbiota in monogenic PIDs. However, emerging evidence shows that although the onset of the disease is independent of the microbiota, several monogenic PIDs vary in severity in association with the microbiome. In this review, we focus on monogenic PIDs associated with Treg deficiency/dysfunction, summarizing the gut microbial dysbiosis that has been shown to be linked to these diseases. From limited studies, we have gleaned several mechanistic insights that may prove to be of therapeutic importance in the early stages of life. IMPACT: This review paper serves to refute the concept that monogenic PIDs are not linked to the microbiome. The onset of monogenic PIDs is independent of microbiota; single-gene mutations such as AIRE or Foxp3 that affect central or peripheral immune tolerance produce monogenic diseases even in a GF environment. However, the severity and outcome of PIDs are markedly impacted by the microbial composition. We suggest that future research for these conditions may focus on targeting the microbiome.
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Liu C, Yang SY, Wang L, Zhou F. The gut microbiome: implications for neurogenesis and neurological diseases. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:53-58. [PMID: 34100427 PMCID: PMC8451566 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.315227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing recognition of the strong links between the gut microbiome and the brain, and there is persuasive evidence that the gut microbiome plays a role in a variety of physiological processes in the central nervous system. This review summarizes findings that gut microbial composition alterations are linked to hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as the possible mechanisms of action; the existing literature suggests that microbiota influence neurogenic processes, which can result in neurological disorders. We consider this evidence from the perspectives of neuroinflammation, microbial-derived metabolites, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitters. Based on the existing research, we propose that the administration of probiotics can normalize the gut microbiome. This could therefore also represent a promising treatment strategy to counteract neurological impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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36
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The Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota Profiling. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4400428. [PMID: 34938813 PMCID: PMC8687821 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4400428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the protective effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reveal its potential intestinal microflora-dependent mechanism through analyses of the intestinal microbiota and spinal cord transcriptome in mice. Method We measured the severity of disease by clinical EAE scores and H&E staining. Gut microbiota alteration in the gut and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spinal cord were analyzed through 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing. Finally, we analyzed associations between the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota constituents and DEGs. Results We observed that clinical EAE scores were lower in the EAE+FMT group than in the EAE group. Meanwhile, mice in the EAE+FMT group also had a lower number of infiltrating cells. The results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that FMT increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and Actinobacteria. Meanwhile, FMT could modulate gut microbiota balance, especially via increasing the relative abundance of g_Adlercreutzia, g_Sutterella, g_Prevotella_9, and g_Tyzzerella_3 and decreasing the relative abundance of g_Turicibacter. Next, we analyzed the transcriptome of mouse spinal cord tissue and found that 1476 genes were differentially expressed between the EAE and FMT groups. The analysis of these genes showed that FMT mainly participated in the inflammatory response. Correlation analysis between gut microbes and transcriptome revealed that the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia was correlated with the expression of inflammation-related genes negatively, including Casp6, IL1RL2 (IL-36R), IL-17RA, TNF, CCL3, CCR5, and CCL8, and correlated with the expression of neuroprotection-related genes positively, including Snap25, Edil3, Nrn1, Cpeb3, and Gpr37. Conclusion Altogether, FMT may selectively regulate gene expression to improve inflammation and maintain the stability of the intestinal environment in a gut microbiota-dependent manner.
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Russo E. The gut microbiota as a biomarker in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 163:105598. [PMID: 34942335 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are defined as objectively measurable variables of a biologic process, either physiologic or pathologic, that provide reliable information on the status of that specific process in a specific moment. Validated biomarkers in epilepsy research represent an urgent unmet need being essential to improve research quality; as an example, biomarkers in epileptogenesis identifying these subjects at risk to develop epilepsy after an initial insult definitively would lead to an improvement in clinical studies to find antiepileptogenic drugs. The gut microbiota (GM) has recently encountered the interest of neuroscience which confirmed its clear involvement in several neurological disorders. GM's role in epilepsy has only recently been studied, however, interesting results are already available. Besides the interest in GM as a suitable therapeutic target and a few preclinical and clinical studies indicating the potential antiseizure effects of GM manipulation, microbiota composition has been found altered in patients with epilepsy as well as some animal models. Only few studies have tried to analyse GM composition as a suitable biomarker and, despite very promising, several drawbacks limit our understanding. On the other hand, GM composition may be useful in discriminating drug-resistant from drug-responsive patients at any stage or patients at risk of developing epilepsy after an insult. The main limitation in the area is the lack of large studies in homogeneous patients and standardization is a must for a proper understanding. Finally, considering the number of variables coming both from epilepsy and GM, big data analysis as in the case of genetics should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Via T. Campanella, 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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38
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Abstract
The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, and responding to signals derived from the internal and external environment. At the interface of this sensory function, immune cells in the intestines and brain consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on the physiological state of the body. Recent research reveals that cross-talk along the gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, inflammatory responses, and immune homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the signaling of inflammation across the gut-brain axis. We further highlight interactions between the gut and the brain in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kristie B Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mirashrafi S, Hejazi Taghanaki SZ, Sarlak F, Moravejolahkami AR, Hojjati Kermani MA, Haratian M. Effect of probiotics supplementation on disease progression, depression, general health, and anthropometric measurements in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14724. [PMID: 34379879 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics may have a promising role in chronic autoinflammatory diseases. The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of probiotics on disease progression, depression, general health, and anthropometric measurements in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients. METHODS The English literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Central Cochrane Library through January 2021. Random effect models were used to synthesise quantitative data by STATA14 . RESULTS From a total of 152 identified entries, four trials were included in quantitative synthesis (n = 213; 106 as intervention, 107 as control). An additional six studies with the same structure and different markers were also systematically reviewed. The pooled effect size showed that Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (WMD = -0.43; 95% CI = -0.65, -0.20; P < .001), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ (BDI-Ⅱ) (WMD = -3.22; 95% CI = -4.38, -2.06; P < .001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (WMD = -4.37; 95% CI = -6.43, -2.31; P < .001) were improved following probiotics supplementation. However, body weight and body mass index did not statistically change. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that probiotics supplementation can improve disease progression, suppress depression, and general health in MS patients; although, further investigations may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Mirashrafi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hejazi Taghanaki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sarlak
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Haratian
- Department of Nutrition, Vice Chancellor of Health, Hamadan University of medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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40
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Cuello JP, Martínez Ginés ML, García Domínguez JM, Tejeda-Velarde A, Lozano Ros A, Higueras Y, Meldaña Rivera A, Goicochea Briceño H, Garcia-Tizon S, de León-Luis J, Medina Heras S, Fernández Velasco JI, Pérez-Pérez S, García-Martínez MÁ, Pardo-Rodríguez B, Domínguez-Mozo MI, García-Calvo E, Estévez H, Luque-García JL, Villar LM, Alvarez-Lafuente R. Short-chain fatty acids during pregnancy in multiple sclerosis: A prospective cohort study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 29:895-900. [PMID: 34662474 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can have pro- or anti-inflammatory properties, but their relationship with multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses during pregnancy remains unknown. This study aimed to explore SCFA profiles in MS patients during pregnancy and to assess their association with the appearance of relapses during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS We prospectively included 53 pregnant MS patients and 21 healthy control women. Patients were evaluated during pregnancy and puerperium. SCFAs were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Sixteen patients (32%) had relapses during pregnancy or puerperium, and 37 (68%) did not. All MS patients showed significant increases in acetate levels during pregnancy and the postpartum period compared to non-MS women. However, propionate and butyrate values were associated with disease activity. Their values were higher in nonrelapsing patients and remained similar to the control group in relapsing patients. The variable that best identified active patients was the propionate/acetate ratio. Ratios of <0.36 during the first trimester were associated with higher inflammatory activity (odds ratio = 165, 95% confidence interval = 10.2-239.4, p < 0.01). Most nonrelapsing patients showed values of >0.36, which were similar to those in healthy pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Low propionate/acetate ratio values during the first trimester of gestation identified MS patients at risk of relapses during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Pérez-Pérez
- Research Group on Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital/Spanish Multiple Sclerosis Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángel García-Martínez
- Research Group on Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital/Spanish Multiple Sclerosis Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pardo-Rodríguez
- Research Group on Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital/Spanish Multiple Sclerosis Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Inmaculada Domínguez-Mozo
- Research Group on Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital/Spanish Multiple Sclerosis Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía García-Calvo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor Estévez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Luque-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Alvarez-Lafuente
- Research Group on Environmental Factors in Degenerative Diseases, Health Research Institute of the San Carlos Clinical Hospital/Spanish Multiple Sclerosis Network, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Weng P, Wu Z. Polysaccharides confer benefits in immune regulation and multiple sclerosis by interacting with gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110675. [PMID: 34600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit great potential on immune regulation. Polysaccharides can interact directly or indirectly with the immune system, triggering cell-cell communication and molecular recognition, leading to immunostimulatory responses. Gut microbiota is adept at foraging polysaccharides as energy sources and confers benefits in the context of immunity and chronic autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis. A compelling set of interconnectedness between the gut microbiota, natural polysaccharides, and immune regulation has emerged. In this review, we highlighted the available avenues supporting the existence of these interactions, with a focus on cytokines-mediated and SCFAs-mediated pathways. Additionally, the neuroimmune mechanisms for gut microbiota communication with the brain in multiple sclerosis are also discussed, which will lay the ground for ameliorate multiple sclerosis via polysaccharide intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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42
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Lynch CMK, Nagpal J, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Wrapping Things Up: Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Myelination. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Bellucci G, Rinaldi V, Buscarinu MC, Reniè R, Bigi R, Pellicciari G, Morena E, Romano C, Marrone A, Mechelli R, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Multiple Sclerosis and SARS-CoV-2: Has the Interplay Started? Front Immunol 2021; 12:755333. [PMID: 34646278 PMCID: PMC8503550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) etiopathogenesis encompasses complex interactions between the host's genetic background and several environmental factors that result in dysimmunity against the central nervous system. An old-aged association exists between MS and viral infections, capable of triggering and sustaining neuroinflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. The novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has a remarkable, and still not fully understood, impact on the immune system: the occurrence and severity of both acute COVID-19 and post-infectious chronic illness (long COVID-19) largely depends on the host's response to the infection, that echoes several aspects of MS pathobiology. Furthermore, other MS-associated viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), may enhance a mechanistic interplay with the novel Coronavirus, with the potential to interfere in MS natural history. Studies on COVID-19 in people with MS have helped clinicians in adjusting therapeutic strategies during the pandemic; similar efforts are being made for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns. In this Review, we look over 18 months of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from the perspective of MS: we dissect neuroinflammatory and demyelinating mechanisms associated with COVID-19, summarize pathophysiological crossroads between MS and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discuss present evidence on COVID-19 and its vaccination in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Bellucci
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Rinaldi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Reniè
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Bigi
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellicciari
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Morena
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Marrone
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Mechelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies (CENTERS), Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Han MM, Yuan XR, Shi X, Zhu XY, Su Y, Xiong DK, Zhang XM, Zhou H, Wang JN. The Pathological Mechanism and Potential Application of IL-38 in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732790. [PMID: 34539413 PMCID: PMC8443783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new cytokine of interleukin-1 family (IL-1F), is expressed in the human heart, kidney, skin, etc. Recently, new evidence indicated that IL-38 is involved in the process of different autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are a cluster of diseases accompanied with tissue damage caused by autoimmune reactions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, etc. This review summarized the links between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases, as well as the latest knowledge about the function and regulatory mechanism of IL-38 in autoimmune diseases. Especially, this review focused on the differentiation of immune cells and explore future prospects, such as the application of IL-38 in new technologies. Understanding the function of IL-38 is helpful to shed light on the progress of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Han
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yue Su
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Public Basic College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - De-Kai Xiong
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ji-Nian Wang
- Department of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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45
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NKT and NKT-like Cells in Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases-Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179520. [PMID: 34502425 PMCID: PMC8431671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells comprise three subsets—type I (invariant, iNKT), type II, and NKT-like cells, of which iNKT cells are the most studied subset. They are capable of rapid cytokine production after the initial stimulus, thus they may be important for polarisation of Th cells. Due to this, they may be an important cell subset in autoimmune diseases. In the current review, we are summarising results of NKT-oriented studies in major neurological autoimmune diseases—multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome and their corresponding animal models.
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46
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Maglione A, Zuccalà M, Tosi M, Clerico M, Rolla S. Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1181. [PMID: 34440354 PMCID: PMC8394267 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)'s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Maglione
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Zuccalà
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Tosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10100 Torino, Italy; (A.M.); (M.C.)
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47
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Sanmarco LM, Polonio CM, Wheeler MA, Quintana FJ. Functional immune cell-astrocyte interactions. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212503. [PMID: 34292315 PMCID: PMC8302447 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control multiple aspects of health and disease. Through their interactions with components of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), astrocytes not only regulate BBB function, they also sense molecules produced by peripheral immune cells, including cytokines. Here, we review the interactions between immune cells and astrocytes and their roles in health and neurological diseases, with a special focus on multiple sclerosis (MS). We highlight known pathways that participate in astrocyte crosstalk with microglia, NK cells, T cells, and other cell types; their contribution to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases; and their potential value as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Sanmarco
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carolina M Polonio
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Immunology Department, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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48
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Ghezzi L, Cantoni C, Pinget GV, Zhou Y, Piccio L. Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143774. [PMID: 34196310 DOI: 10.1172/jci143774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) refers to the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, together linking brain and gut functions. Perturbations of the GBA have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), suggesting a possible role in disease pathogenesis and making it a potential therapeutic target. While research in the area is still in its infancy, a number of studies revealed that pwMS are more likely to exhibit altered microbiota, altered levels of short chain fatty acids and secondary bile products, and increased intestinal permeability. However, specific microbes and metabolites identified across studies and cohorts vary greatly. Small clinical and preclinical trials in pwMS and mouse models, in which microbial composition was manipulated through the use of antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplements, have provided promising outcomes in preventing CNS inflammation. However, results are not always consistent, and large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Herein, we give an overview of how the GBA could contribute to MS pathogenesis, examine the different approaches tested to modulate the GBA, and discuss how they may impact neuroinflammation and demyelination in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ghezzi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabriela V Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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49
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Hiltensperger M, Beltrán E, Kant R, Tyystjärvi S, Lepennetier G, Domínguez Moreno H, Bauer IJ, Grassmann S, Jarosch S, Schober K, Buchholz VR, Kenet S, Gasperi C, Öllinger R, Rad R, Muschaweckh A, Sie C, Aly L, Knier B, Garg G, Afzali AM, Gerdes LA, Kümpfel T, Franzenburg S, Kawakami N, Hemmer B, Busch DH, Misgeld T, Dornmair K, Korn T. Skin and gut imprinted helper T cell subsets exhibit distinct functional phenotypes in central nervous system autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:880-892. [PMID: 34099917 PMCID: PMC7611097 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional single-cell analyses of T cells have fueled the debate about whether there is extensive plasticity or 'mixed' priming of helper T cell subsets in vivo. Here, we developed an experimental framework to probe the idea that the site of priming in the systemic immune compartment is a determinant of helper T cell-induced immunopathology in remote organs. By site-specific in vivo labeling of antigen-specific T cells in inguinal (i) or gut draining mesenteric (m) lymph nodes, we show that i-T cells and m-T cells isolated from the inflamed central nervous system (CNS) in a model of multiple sclerosis (MS) are distinct. i-T cells were Cxcr6+, and m-T cells expressed P2rx7. Notably, m-T cells infiltrated white matter, while i-T cells were also recruited to gray matter. Therefore, we propose that the definition of helper T cell subsets by their site of priming may guide an advanced understanding of helper T cell biology in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Lineage
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Fingolimod Hydrochloride/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/immunology
- Intravital Microscopy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, CXCR6/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR6/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/transplantation
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hiltensperger
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ravi Kant
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sofia Tyystjärvi
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gildas Lepennetier
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Domínguez Moreno
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Kenet
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher Sie
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Aly
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Garima Garg
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali M Afzali
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sören Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital and Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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50
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Stephens S, Yeh EA. Lifestyle factors and outcomes in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:464-466. [PMID: 34058124 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Stephens
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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