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Bianchi MG, Chiu M, Taurino G, Bergamaschi E, Turroni F, Mancabelli L, Longhi G, Ventura M, Bussolati O. Amorphous silica nanoparticles and the human gut microbiota: a relationship with multiple implications. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:45. [PMID: 38291460 PMCID: PMC10826219 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are among the nanomaterials that are produced in large quantities. ASNP have been present for a long time in several fast-moving consumer products, several of which imply exposure of the gastrointestinal tract, such as toothpastes, food additives, drug excipients, and carriers. Consolidated use and experimental evidence have consistently pointed to the very low acute toxicity and limited absorption of ASNP. However, slow absorption implies prolonged exposure of the intestinal epithelium to ASNP, with documented effects on intestinal permeability and immune gut homeostasis. These effects could explain the hepatic toxicity observed after oral administration of ASNP in animals. More recently, the role of microbiota in these and other ASNP effects has attracted increasing interest in parallel with the recognition of the role of microbiota in a variety of conditions. Although evidence for nanomaterial effects on microbiota is particularly abundant for materials endowed with bactericidal activities, a growing body of recent experimental data indicates that ASNPs also modify microbiota. The implications of these effects are recounted in this contribution, along with a discussion of the more important open issues and recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano G Bianchi
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Martina Chiu
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Lab. of General Pathology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre "Microbiome Research Hub", University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Léger T, Balaguer P, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V. Fate and PPARγ and STATs-driven effects of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad in liver cells revealed with multi-omics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130083. [PMID: 36206710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of the pesticide and mitochondrial complex I inhibitor tebufenpyrad (TEBU) on liver cells were investigated by combining proteomics and metabolomics. Both cell culture media and cellular lysates were analyzed in dose-response and kinetic experiments on the HepaRG cell line. Responses were compared with those obtained on primary human and rat hepatocytes. A multitude of phase I and II metabolites (>80) mainly common to HepaRG cells and primary hepatocytes and an increase in metabolization enzymes were observed. Synthesis of mitochondrion and oxidative phosphorylation complex constituents, fatty acid oxidation, and cellular uptake of lipids were induced to compensate for complex I inhibition and the decrease in ATP intracellular contents caused by TEBU. Secretion of the 20 S circulating proteasome and overall inhibition of acute inflammation followed by IL-6 secretion in later stages were observed in HepaRG cells. These effects were associated with a decrease in STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factor abundances, but with different kinetics. Based on identified TEBU targets, docking experiments, and nuclear receptor reporter assays, we concluded that liver cell response to TEBU is mediated by its interaction with the PPARγ transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Léger
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France.
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Le Hégarat
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 35306 Fougères Cedex, France
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A review on the epigenetics modifications to nanomaterials in humans and animals: novel epigenetic regulator. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the nanotechnology era, nanotechnology applications have been intensifying their prospects to embrace all the vigorous sectors persuading human health and animal. The safety and concerns regarding the widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (NMA) and their potential effect on human health still require further clarification. Literature elucidated that NMA exhibited significant adverse effects on various molecular and cellular alterations. Epigenetics is a complex process resulting in the interactions between an organism’s environment and genome. The epigenetic modifications, including histone modification and DNA methylation, chromatin structure and DNA accessibility alteration, regulate gene expression patterns. Disturbances of epigenetic markers induced by NMA might promote the sensitivity of humans and animals to several diseases. Also, this paper focus on the epigenetic regulators of some dietary nutrients that have been confirmed to stimulate the epigenome and, more exactly, DNA histone modifications and non-histone proteins modulation by acetylation, and phosphorylation inhibition, which counteracts oxidative stress generations. The present review epitomizes the recent evidence of the potential effects of NMA on histone modifications, in addition to in vivo and in vitro cytosine DNA methylation and its toxicity. Furthermore, the part of epigenetic fluctuations as possible translational biomarkers for uncovering untoward properties of NMA is deliberated.
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The Stability and Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) Using Caco-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101334. [PMID: 36291543 PMCID: PMC9599851 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are found in a wide range of products such as sunscreen, paints, toothpaste and cosmetics due to their white pigment and high refractive index. These wide-ranging applications could result in direct or indirect exposure of these NPs to humans and the environment. Accordingly, conflicting levels of toxicity has been associated with these NPs. Therefore, the risk associated with these reports and for TiO2NPs produced using varying methodologies should be measured. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various media on TiO2NP properties (hydrodynamic size and zeta potential) and the effects of TiO2NP exposure on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) epithelial cell viability, inflammatory and cell stress biomarkers and angiogenesis proteome profiles. The NPs increased in size over time in the various media, while zeta potentials were stable. TiO2NPs also induced cell stress biomarkers, which could be attributed to the NPs not being cytotoxic. Consequently, TiO2NP exposure had no effects on the level of inflammatory biomarkers produced by Caco-2. TiO2NPs expressed some anti-angiogenic properties when exposed to the no-observed-adverse-effect level and requires further in-depth investigation.
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Pogribna M, Word B, Lyn-Cook B, Hammons G. Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on histone modifications and histone modifying enzymes expression in human cell lines. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:409-424. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2085206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pogribna
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Beverly Word
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - George Hammons
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Suvarna V, Nair A, Mallya R, Khan T, Omri A. Antimicrobial Nanomaterials for Food Packaging. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060729. [PMID: 35740136 PMCID: PMC9219644 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food packaging plays a key role in offering safe and quality food products to consumers by providing protection and extending shelf life. Food packaging is a multifaceted field based on food science and engineering, microbiology, and chemistry, all of which have contributed significantly to maintaining physicochemical attributes such as color, flavor, moisture content, and texture of foods and their raw materials, in addition to ensuring freedom from oxidation and microbial deterioration. Antimicrobial food packaging systems, in addition to their function as conventional food packaging, are designed to arrest microbial growth on food surfaces, thereby enhancing food stability and quality. Nanomaterials with unique physiochemical and antibacterial properties are widely explored in food packaging as preservatives and antimicrobials, to extend the shelf life of packed food products. Various nanomaterials that are used in food packaging include nanocomposites composing nanoparticles such as silver, copper, gold, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, mesoporous silica and graphene-based inorganic nanoparticles; gelatin; alginate; cellulose; chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticles; lipid nanoparticles; nanoemulsion; nanoliposomes; nanosponges; and nanofibers. Antimicrobial nanomaterial-based packaging systems are fabricated to exhibit greater efficiency against microbial contaminants. Recently, smart food packaging systems indicating the presence of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms have been investigated by various research groups. The present review summarizes recent updates on various nanomaterials used in the field of food packaging technology, with potential applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant equipped with technology conferring smart functions and mechanisms in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India;
| | - Arya Nair
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India; (A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Rashmi Mallya
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India; (A.N.); (R.M.)
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India;
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (A.O.)
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Zaiter T, Cornu R, Millot N, Herbst M, Pellequer Y, Moarbess G, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Size effect and mucus role on the intestinal toxicity of the E551 food additive and engineered silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35579945 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2063084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The E551 food additive is composed of synthetic amorphous silica particles. The current regulation does not mention any specifications regarding their size and granulometric distribution, thus allowing the presence of silica nanoparticles despite their potential toxicity. The digestion process could modify their physicochemical properties and then influence their toxicological profile. After physicochemical characterization, subacute toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles from 20 to 200 nm, native and digested E551 additives were evaluated from in vitro models of the intestinal barrier. Single cultures and a co-culture of enterocytes and mucus-secreting cells were established to investigate the mucus role. Toxicological endpoints including cytotoxicity, ROS production, intestinal permeability increase, and actin filament disruption were addressed after a 7-day exposure. The results showed a size-dependent effect of silica nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and intestinal permeability. A time-dependent disruption of actin filaments was observed in Caco-2 cells. The mucus layer spread on the HT29-MTX single culture acted as an efficient protective barrier while in the co-culture, small nanoparticles were able to cross it to reach the cells. From a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm, nanoparticles were not internalized in the intestinal cells, even in mucus-free models. Digestion did not affect the physicochemical properties of the additive. Due to a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 200 nm, both native and digested E551 additives did not induce any toxic effect in intestinal barrier models. This study emphasized a cutoff size of 70 nm from which the interactions of the E551 additive with intestinal cells would be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Zaiter
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michaële Herbst
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Moarbess
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Villani P, Eleuteri P, Pacchierotti F, Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Narciso L, Tait S, Lori G, Andreoli C, Huet S, Jarry G, Fessard V, Cordelli E. Pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203): Genotoxicity in rats following sub-chronic oral exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 876-877:503458. [PMID: 35483783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of nano-structured synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), a common food additive, was investigated in vivo in rats. A 90-day oral toxicity study was performed according to OECD test guideline 408 and the genotoxicity of pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 was assessed in several organs, using complementary tests. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were treated orally for 90 days with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, or 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day. Dose levels were selected to approximate expected human dietary exposures to SAS. DNA strand breaks were evaluated by the comet assay in blood, bone marrow, liver, and spleen according to OECD test guideline 489; mutations induced in bone marrow precursors of erythrocytes were assessed by the Pig-a assay and chromosome/ genome damage by the micronucleus assay in blood (OECD test guideline 474) and colon. No treatment-related increases of gene (Pig-a) or chromosome/genome (micronucleus) mutations were detected in the blood. The percentage of micronucleated cells was not increased in the colon of treated rats. Among the organs analyzed by the comet assay, the spleen was the only target showing a weak but biologically relevant genotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villani
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Narciso
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Lori
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Andreoli
- Environment and Health Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvie Huet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Gérard Jarry
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
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Mechanistic study of silica nanoparticles on the size-dependent retinal toxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35305659 PMCID: PMC8934510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are extensively applied in the biomedical field. The increasing medical application of SiO2 NPs has raised concerns about their safety. However, studies on SiO2 NP-induced retinal toxicity are lacking. Methods We investigated the retinal toxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes (15 and 50 nm) in vitro and in vivo along with the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes was assessed in R28 human retinal precursor cells by determining the ATP content and LDH release. The cell morphologies and nanoparticle distributions in the cells were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs in vivo was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. To further investigate the mechanism of retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glial cell activation and inflammation were monitored. Results The 15-nm SiO2 NPs were found to have higher cytotoxicity than the larger NPs. Notably, the 15-nm SiO2 NPs induced retinal toxicity in vivo, as demonstrated by increased cell death in the retina, TUNEL-stained retinal cells, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In addition, The SiO2 NPs caused oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA. Furthermore, the pretreatment of R28 cells with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by SiO2 NPs. Conclusions These results provide evidence that SiO2 NPs induce size-dependent retinal toxicity and suggest that glial cell activation and ROS generation contribute to this toxicity. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8.
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Yılmaz ZK, Özdemir Ö, Aslim B, Suludere Z, Şahin E. A new bio-active asymmetric-Schiff base: synthesis and evaluation of calf thymus DNA interaction, topoisomerase IIα inhibition, in vitro antiproliferative activity, SEM analysis and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2804-2822. [PMID: 35179080 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2039297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the asymmetric-Schiff base 2-(4-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzylideneamino)benzoic acid (SB-2) was newly synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The interaction of SB-2 with calf thymus DNA was investigated by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking methods. It was determined that SB-2 effectively binds to DNA via the intercalation mode. DNA electrophoretic mobility experiments displayed that topoisomerase IIα could not cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA in the presence of SB-2, confirming that the Schiff base acts as a topo II suppressor. In the molecular docking studies, SB-2 was found to show an affinity for both the DNA-topoisomerase IIα complex and the DNA. In vitro antiproliferative activity of SB-2 was screened against HT-29 (colorectal) and HeLa (cervical) human tumor cell lines by MTT assay. SB-2 diminished the cell viability in a concentration- and incubation time-dependent manner. The ability of SB-2 to measure DNA damage in tumor cells was evaluated with cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay after incubation 24 h and 48 h. Light and scanning electron microscopy experiments of tumor cells demonstrated an incubation time-dependent increase in the proportion of apoptotic cells (nuclear condensation and apoptotic bodies) suggesting that autophagy and apoptosis play a role in the death of cells. Based on the obtained results, it may be considered that SB-2 is a candidate for DNA-targeting antitumor drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kübra Yılmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Aslim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Suludere
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Egemen Şahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1130-1138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zirath H, Spitz S, Roth D, Schellhorn T, Rothbauer M, Müller B, Walch M, Kaur J, Wörle A, Kohl Y, Mayr T, Ertl P. Bridging the academic-industrial gap: application of an oxygen and pH sensor-integrated lab-on-a-chip in nanotoxicology. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4237-4248. [PMID: 34605521 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translation of advanced cell-based assays exhibiting a higher degree of automation, miniaturization, and integration of complementary sensing functions is mainly limited by the development of industrial-relevant prototypes that can be readily produced in larger volumes. Despite the increasing number of academic publications in recent years, the manufacturability of these microfluidic cell cultures systems is largely ignored, thus severely restricting their implementation in routine toxicological applications. We have developed a dual-sensor integrated microfluidic cell analysis platform using industrial specifications, materials, and fabrication methods to conduct risk assessment studies of engineered nanoparticles to overcome this academic-industrial gap. Non-invasive and time-resolved monitoring of cellular oxygen uptake and metabolic activity (pH) in the absence and presence of nanoparticle exposure is accomplished by integrating optical sensor spots into a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)-based microfluidic platform. Results of our nanotoxicological study, including two physiological cell barriers that are essential in the protection from exogenous factors, the intestine (Caco-2) and the vasculature (HUVECs) showed that the assessment of the cells' total energy metabolism is ideally suited to rapidly detect cytotoxicities. Additional viability assay verification using state-of-the-art dye exclusion assays for nanotoxicology demonstrated the similarity and comparability of our results, thus highlighting the benefits of employing a compact and cost-efficient microfluidic dual-sensor platform as a pre-screening tool in nanomaterial risk assessment and as a rapid quality control measure in medium to high-throughput settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Zirath
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Roth
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Schellhorn
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Müller
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Walch
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Alexander Wörle
- kdg opticomp GmbH, Am kdg Campus, Dorf 91, 6652 Elbigenalp, Austria
| | - Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Reale O, Bodi D, Huguet A, Fessard V. Role of enteric glial cells in the toxicity of phycotoxins: Investigation with a tri-culture intestinal cell model. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:89-98. [PMID: 34461197 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplankton. They can accumulate in edible filtering-shellfish and cause human intoxications, particularly gastrointestinal symptoms. Up to now, the in vitro intestinal effects of these toxins have been mainly investigated on simple monolayers of intestinal cells such as the enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell line. Recently, the combination of Caco-2 cells with mucus secreting HT29-MTX cell line has been also used to mimic the complexity of the human intestinal epithelium. Besides, enteric glial cells (EGC) from the enteric nervous system identified in the gut mucosa have been largely shown to be involved in gut functions. Therefore, using a novel model integrating Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells co-cultured on inserts with EGC seeded in the basolateral compartment, we examined the toxicological effects of two phycotoxins, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and okadaic acid (OA). Cell viability, morphology, barrier integrity, inflammation, barrier crossing, and the response of some specific glial markers were evaluated using a broad set of methodologies. The toxicity of PTX2 was depicted by a slight decrease of viability and integrity as well as a slight increase of inflammation of the Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures. PTX2 induced some modifications of EGC morphology. OA induced IL-8 release and decreased viability and integrity of Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell monolayers. EGC viability was slightly affected by OA. The presence of EGC reinforced barrier integrity and reduced the inflammatory response of the epithelial barrier following OA exposure. The release of GDNF and BDNF gliomediators by EGC could be implicated in the protection observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Reale
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Fougères Laboratory, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Dorina Bodi
- Unit Contaminants, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine Huguet
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Fougères Laboratory, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Fougères Laboratory, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France.
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14
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Xu Y, Shrestha N, Préat V, Beloqui A. An overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113795. [PMID: 33989702 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug delivery owing to its cost-effectiveness, ease of administration, and high patient compliance. However, the absorption of orally delivered compounds is a complex process that greatly depends on the interplay between the characteristics of the drug/formulation and the gastrointestinal tract. In this contribution, we review the different preclinical models (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) from their development to application for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. This review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Furthermore, the authors have reviewed the selection and validation of these models and how the limitations of the models can be addressed in future investigations. The correlation and predictability of the intestinal transport data from the preclinical models and human data are also explored. With the increasing popularity and prevalence of orally delivered drugs/formulations, sophisticated preclinical models with higher predictive capacity for absorption of oral formulations used in clinical studies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Neha Shrestha
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Véronique Préat
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ana Beloqui
- University of Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Anvar AA, Ahari H, Ataee M. Antimicrobial Properties of Food Nanopackaging: A New Focus on Foodborne Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:690706. [PMID: 34322104 PMCID: PMC8312271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.690706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food products contaminated by foodborne pathogens (bacteria, parasites, and viruses) cause foodborne diseases. Today, great efforts are being allocated to the development of novel and effective agents against food pathogenic microorganisms. These efforts even might have a possible future effect in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nanotechnology introduces a novel food packaging technology that creates and uses nanomaterials with novel physiochemical and antimicrobial properties. It could utilize preservatives and antimicrobials to extend the food shelf life within the package. Utilizing the antimicrobial nanomaterials into food packaging compounds typically involves incorporation of antimicrobial inorganic nanoparticles such as metals [Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Gold (Au)], and metal oxides [Titanium dioxide (TiO2), Silicon oxide (SiO2), Zinc oxide (ZnO)]. Alternatively, intelligent food packaging has been explored for recognition of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. This review paper focused on antimicrobial aspects of nanopackaging and presented an overview of antibacterial properties of inorganic nanoparticles. This article also provides information on food safety during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Anvar
- Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ahari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ataee
- Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Determination of Two Differently Manufactured Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles by Cloud Point Extraction Approach in Intestinal Cells, Intestinal Barriers and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137035. [PMID: 34210022 PMCID: PMC8268481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food additive amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles are manufactured by two different methods—precipitated and fumed procedures—which can induce different physicochemical properties and biological fates. In this study, precipitated and fumed SiO2 particles were characterized in terms of constituent particle size, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, surface area, and solubility. Their fates in intestinal cells, intestinal barriers, and tissues after oral administration in rats were determined by optimizing Triton X-114-based cloud point extraction (CPE). The results demonstrate that the constituent particle sizes of precipitated and fumed SiO2 particles were similar, but their aggregate states differed from biofluid types, which also affect dissolution properties. Significantly higher cellular uptake, intestinal transport amount, and tissue accumulation of precipitated SiO2 than of fumed SiO2 was found. The intracellular fates of both types of particles in intestinal cells were primarily particle forms, but slowly decomposed into ions during intestinal transport and after distribution in the liver, and completely dissolved in the bloodstream and kidneys. These findings will provide crucial information for understanding and predicting the potential toxicity of food additive SiO2 after oral intake.
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17
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Puerari RC, Ferrari E, Oscar BV, Simioni C, Ouriques LC, Vicentini DS, Matias WG. Acute and chronic toxicity of amine-functionalized SiO 2 nanostructures toward Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111979. [PMID: 33513482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon oxide (SiO2) nanostructures (SiO2NS) are increasingly being incorporated into an array of products, notably in the food, pharmaceutical, medical industries and in water treatment systems. Amorphous SiO2NS have low toxicity, however, due to their great versatility, superficial modifications can be made and these altered structures require toxicological investigation. In this study, SiO2NS were synthetized and amine-functionalized with the molecules (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTMS) and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane (AEAEAPTMS), named SiO2NS@1 and SiO2NS@3, respectively. The bare SiO2NS, SiO2NS@1 and SiO2NS@3 samples were characterized and the influence of the culture medium used in the toxicological assays was also evaluated. The effect of amine functionalization of SiO2NS was investigated through acute and chronic toxicity assays with Daphnia magna. Modifications to ultrastructures of the intestine and eggs of these organisms were observed in TEM and SEM analysis. The toxicity was influenced by the surface modifications and a possible Trojan horse effect was highlighted, particularly in the case of chronic exposure. Exposure to all NSs promoted alterations in the microvilli and mitochondria of the D. magna intestine and some damage to egg cells was also observed. The results demonstrate the importance of carrying out a full characterization of these materials, since surface modifications can enhance their toxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Emeline Ferrari
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Bianca Vicente Oscar
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luciane Cristina Ouriques
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Denice Schulz Vicentini
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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18
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Li X, Dang J, Li Y, Wang L, Li N, Liu K, Jin M. Developmental neurotoxicity fingerprint of silica nanoparticles at environmentally relevant level on larval zebrafish using a neurobehavioral-phenomics-based biological warning method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141878. [PMID: 32890834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) is not only an ideal vertebrate applied in Fish Embryos Toxicity (FET) test but also a well-accepted model in behavioral neurotoxicity research. By applying the commercial standard behavioral tracking system (Zebrabox), the locomotion profiles (neurobehavioral-phenomics) of larval zebrafish can be comprehensively monitored and systematically analyzed to probe ecotoxicological neurotoxicity of nano-pollutants at environmental relevant concentration level. RESULTS Herein, the potential toxicity of at environment relevant concentration level on embryonic zebrafish was evaluated by FET and neurobehavioral-phenomics (NBP). The embryos were exposed to the environmental relevant concentration (0.05, 0.1,1, 5, 10, 100 μg/L). The FET criteria were utilized to evaluate the ecotoxicological effect induced by silica NPs. Subsequently, behavioral neurotoxicity of silica NPs was further quantified via locomotion response (LMR). Specifically, the alteration of Light/Dark challenge (LDC) evoked by light/dark stimulation was detected and analyzed by commercially standard behavioral protocols using zebrabox. We revealed that the exposures of silica NPs at environmental relevant concentration (0.05, 0.1, 1, 5, 10,100 μg/L) significantly disturbed locomotion profiles of larval zebrafish. Additionally, it was obviously noted that low, environmentally relevant silica concentrations might result in altering the total behavioral profiles in developing zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS In sum, neurobehavior phenomics profiling based on LMR and LDC is a potent methodology for the evaluation of sub-lethal or sub-teratogenic toxicity. Compared with the FET tests characterized by the detection of embryonic teratogenicity, the neurobehavior phenomics based method can be more sensitive to determine sub-teratogenic toxicity of silica NPs at environmental concentrations. With the combination of multivariate data analysis, this approach would offer effective technical reference for environmental nano-toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, NO. 44 West Culture Road, Ji'nan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiao Dang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 3501 Daxue Road, Ji'nan 250353, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, 28789 East Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250103, Shandong Province, PR China.
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19
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Pogribna M, Hammons G. Epigenetic Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33407537 PMCID: PMC7789336 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of nanotechnology and widespread use of engineered nanomaterials in everyday human life has led to concerns regarding their potential effect on human health. Adverse effects of nanomaterials and nanoparticles on various molecular and cellular alterations have been well-studied. In contrast, the role of epigenetic alterations in their toxicity remains relatively unexplored. This review summarizes current evidence of alterations in cytosine DNA methylation and histone modifications in response to nanomaterials and nanoparticles exposures in vivo and in vitro. This review also highlights existing knowledge gaps regarding the role of epigenetic alterations in nanomaterials and nanoparticles toxicity. Additionally, the role of epigenetic changes as potential translational biomarkers for detecting adverse effects of nanomaterials and nanoparticles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pogribna
- FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR, HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - George Hammons
- FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR, HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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20
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Dong X, Wu Z, Li X, Xiao L, Yang M, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. The Size-dependent Cytotoxicity of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles: A Systematic Review of in vitro Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9089-9113. [PMID: 33244229 PMCID: PMC7683827 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing production and application of engineered amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs), people have more opportunities to be exposed to aSiNPs. However, the knowledge of its adverse health effects and related mechanisms is still limited, compared with the well-studied crystalline micron-sized silica. Since small differences in the physical–chemical properties of nanoparticles could cause significant differences in the toxic effect, it is important to distinguish how these variations influence the outcoming toxicity. Notably, particle size, as one of the essential characterizations of aSiNPs, is relevant to its biological activities. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the relationship between the particle size of aSiNPs and its adverse biological effects. In order to avoid the influence of complicated in vivo experimental conditions on the toxic outcome, only in vitro toxicity studies which reported on the cytotoxic effect of different sizes aSiNPs were included. After the systematic literature retrieval, selection, and quality assessment process, 76 eligible scientific papers were finally included in this review. There were 76% of the studies that concluded a size-dependent cytotoxicity of aSiNPs, in which smaller-sized aSiNPs possessed greater toxicity. However, this trend could be modified by certain influence factors, such as the synthetic method of aSiNPs, particle aggregation state in cell culture medium, toxicity endpoint detection method, and some other experimental conditions. The effects of these influence factors on the size-dependent cytotoxicity of aSiNPs were also discussed in detail in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Dong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehao Wu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuping Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
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21
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Khan AA, Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Mahzari A, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Provocation by Different Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach to Manage the Cancer and Other Common Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5336. [PMID: 33207628 PMCID: PMC7697255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A proper execution of basic cellular functions requires well-controlled homeostasis including correct protein folding. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) implements such functions by protein reshaping and post-translational modifications. Different insults imposed on cells could lead to ER stress-mediated signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress is also closely linked with oxidative stress, which is a common feature of diseases such as stroke, neurodegeneration, inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The level of ER stress is higher in cancer cells, indicating that such cells are already struggling to survive. Prolonged ER stress in cancer cells is like an Achilles' heel, if aggravated by different agents including nanoparticles (NPs) may be exhausted off the pro-survival features and can be easily subjected to proapoptotic mode. Different types of NPs including silver, gold, silica, graphene, etc. have been used to augment the cytotoxicity by promoting ER stress-mediated cell death. The diverse physico-chemical properties of NPs play a great role in their biomedical applications. Some special NPs have been effectively used to address different types of cancers as these particles can be used as both toxicological or therapeutic agents. Several types of NPs, and anticancer drug nano-formulations have been engineered to target tumor cells to enhance their ER stress to promote their death. Therefore, mitigating ER stress in cancer cells in favor of cell death by ER-specific NPs is extremely important in future therapeutics and understanding the underlying mechanism of how cancer cells can respond to NP induced ER stress is a good choice for the development of novel therapeutics. Thus, in depth focus on NP-mediated ER stress will be helpful to boost up developing novel pro-drug candidates for triggering pro-death pathways in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Ali Mahzari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (A.H.R.)
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22
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Cabellos J, Gimeno-Benito I, Catalán J, Lindberg HK, Vales G, Fernandez-Rosas E, Ghemis R, Jensen KA, Atluri R, Vázquez-Campos S, Janer G. Short-term oral administration of non-porous and mesoporous silica did not induce local or systemic toxicity in mice. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:1324-1341. [PMID: 33108958 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1818325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two sets of methyl-coated non-porous and mesoporous amorphous silica materials of two target sizes (100 and 300 nm; 10-844 m2/g) were used to investigate the potential role of specific surface area (SSA) and porosity on the oral toxicity in mice. Female Swiss mice were administered by oral gavage for 5 consecutive days. Two silica dose levels (100 and 1000 mg/kg b.w.) were tested for all four materials. All dispersions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Batch dispersions of porous silica were rather unstable due to agglomeration. Animals were sacrificed one day after the last administration or after a three-week recovery period. No relevant toxicological effects were induced by any of the silica materials tested, as evaluated by body weight, gross pathology, relative organ weights (liver, spleen, kidneys), hematology, blood biochemistry, genotoxicity (Comet assay in jejunum cells and micronucleus test in peripheral blood erythrocytes), liver and small intestine histopathology, and intestinal inflammation. The presence of silica particles in the intestine was evaluated by a hyperspectral imaging microscopy system (CytoViva) using histological samples of jejunum tissue. Silica spectral signatures were found in jejunum samples with all the treatments, but only statistically significant in one of the treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Catalán
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Genetics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hanna K Lindberg
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gerard Vales
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Radu Ghemis
- Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Keld A Jensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhague, Denmark
| | - Rambabu Atluri
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhague, Denmark.,INFINGENT Innovations AB, Medeon Science Park, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
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23
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Reale O, Huguet A, Fessard V. Co-culture model of Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells: A promising tool for investigation of phycotoxins toxicity on the intestinal barrier. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 273:128497. [PMID: 34756374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most lipophilic phycotoxins have been involved in human intoxications but some of these toxins have never been proven to induce human gastro-intestinal symptoms, although intestinal damage in rodents has been documented. For investigating the in vitro toxicological profile of lipophilic phycotoxins on intestine, the epithelial Caco-2 cell line has been the most commonly used model. Nevertheless, considering the complexity of the intestinal epithelium, in vitro co-cultures integrating enterocyte-like and mucus-secreting cell types are expected to provide more relevant data. In this study, the toxic effects (viability, inflammation, cellular monolayer integrity, modulation of cell type proportion and production of mucus) of four lipophilic phycotoxins (PTX2, YTX, AZA1 and OA) were evaluated in Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultured cells. The four toxins induced a reduction of viability from 20% to 50% and affected the monolayer integrity. Our results showed that the HT29-MTX cells population were more sensitive to OA and PTX2 than Caco-2 cells. Among the four phycotoxins, OA induced inflammation (28-fold increase of IL-8 release) and also a slight increase of both mucus production (up-regulation of mucins mRNA expression) and mucus secretion (mucus area and density). For PTX2 we observed an increase of IL-8 release but weaker than OA. Intestinal cell models integrating several cell types can contribute to improve hazard characterization and to describe more accurately the modes of action of phycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Reale
- ANSES, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Antoine Huguet
- ANSES, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères, 35306, France.
| | - Valérie Fessard
- ANSES, Fougères Laboratory, Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères, 35306, France.
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24
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Simultaneous screening of the stability and dosimetry of nanoparticles dispersions for in vitro toxicological studies with static multiple light scattering technique. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104972. [PMID: 32822770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the nanoparticle (NP) toxicity, much efforts have been devoted for developing methods to accurately disperse NPs into aqueous suspensions prior to in vitro toxicological studies. As NP toxicity is strongly dependent on their physicochemical properties, NP characterization is a key step for any in vitro toxicological study. This study demonstrates that the static multiple light scattering (SMLS) technique allows for the simultaneous screening of the NP size, agglomeration state, stability and dosimetry in biological media. Batch dispersions of TiO2 P25 NPs in water with various bovine serum albumin (BSA) mass fractions (from 0% to 0.5%) and dilutions of these dispersions into cell culture media were characterized with SMLS. In the batch dispersions, TiO2 NPs are stable and well dispersed for BSA mass fraction lower than 0.2% while agglomeration and rapid settling is observed for higher BSA mass fractions. Paradoxically, when diluted in cell culture media, TiO2 NPs are well dispersed and stable for BSA mass fractions higher than 0.2%. The TiO2 NP dosimetry of these dilutions was evaluated experimentally with SMLS and confronted with numerical approaches. The TiO2 NP bottom concentration evolves far more slowly in the case of the higher BSA mass fraction. Such measurements give valuable insights on the NP fate and transport in biological media to obtain in fine reliable size and dose-cytotoxicity responses.
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Amorphous nanosilica induced toxicity, inflammation and innate immune responses: A critical review. Toxicology 2020; 441:152519. [PMID: 32525085 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are promising bioengineering platforms facilitating various consumer product formulations, including packaged food, electrical, biosensor and biomedical tools. The unique surface and physicochemical properties of amorphous nanosilica supports advanced nano-biomolecular applications for various manufacturing, biotechnology, and healthcare industries including cosmetics, packaging, implants, drug delivery systems and cancer diagnostics. The increased technological and economic benefits of amorphous nanosilica, raises concerns regarding their adverse biological effects on humans. The cellular mechanisms underlying amorphous nanosilica internalization, evasion of biological barriers, inadvertent nano-bio interactions and unexpected long term exposure effects must be taken into consideration from the diverse ecosystems and human safety aspects. Recent research studies reveal cytotoxic, inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of amorphous nanosilica particles. Our review focuses on studies demonstrating hazardous impact of amorphous nanosilica/bio-systems interface on the cellular and biochemical processes. The review further seeks to evaluate amorphous nanosilica-induced cytotoxicity, innate immune responses, inflammation and immune related dysfunctions, and discuss open research questions related to the use of amorphous nanosilica in biomedicine.
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Hempt C, Kaiser JP, Scholder O, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Hofmann H, Rippl A, Schuster TB, Wick P, Hirsch C. The impact of synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model for the human intestinal epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104903. [PMID: 32473318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, food-grade synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) have been used as a technological additive to reduce caking of food powders. Human exposure is thus inevitable and safety concerns are taken seriously. The toxicity of silica in general and SAS in particular has been studied extensively. Overall, there is little evidence that food-grade SAS pose any health risks to humans. However, from the available data it was often not clear which type of silica was used. Accordingly, the latest report of the European food safety authority requested additional toxicity data for well-characterised "real food-grade SAS". To close this gap, we screened a panel of ten well-defined, food-grade SAS for potential adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. Precipitated and fumed SAS with low, intermediate and high specific surface area were included to determine structure-activity relationships. In a physiological dose-range up to 50 μg/ml and 48 h of incubation, none of the materials induced adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This held true for endpoints of acute cytotoxicity as well as epithelial specific measures of barrier integrity. These results showed that despite considerable differences in production routes and material characteristics, food-relevant SAS did not elicit acute toxicity responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Scholder
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, Powder Technology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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27
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Cornu R, Chrétien C, Pellequer Y, Martin H, Béduneau A. Small silica nanoparticles transiently modulate the intestinal permeability by actin cytoskeleton disruption in both Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29-MTX models. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1191-1202. [PMID: 32162006 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles are widely used as pharmaceutical excipients and food additive (E551). Despite the potential human health risks of mineral nanoparticles, very few data regarding their oral toxicity are currently available. This study aims to evaluate and to understand the interactions of silica particles at 1 and 10 mg mL-1 with the intestinal barrier using a Caco-2 monolayer and a Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture. A size- and concentration-dependent reversible increase of the paracellular permeability is identified after a short-term exposure to silica nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of 30 nm induce the highest transepithelial electrical resistance drop whereas no effect is observed with 200 nm particles. Additive E551 affect the Caco-2 monolayer permeability. Mucus layer reduces the permeability modulation by limiting the cellular uptake of silica. After nanoparticle exposure, tight junction expression including Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and Claudin 2 is not affected, whereas the actin cytoskeleton disruption of enterocytes and the widening of ZO-1 staining bands are observed. A complete permeability recovery is concomitant with the de novo filament actin assembly and the reduction of ZO-1 bands. These findings suggest the paracellular modulation by small silica particles is directly correlated to the alteration of the ZO-actin binding strongly involved in the stability of the tight junction network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU Increase, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Claire Chrétien
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU Increase, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU Increase, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU Increase, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, FHU Increase, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.
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28
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Rubio L, Pyrgiotakis G, Beltran-Huarac J, Zhang Y, Gaurav J, Deloid G, Spyrogianni A, Sarosiek KA, Bello D, Demokritou P. Safer-by-design flame-sprayed silicon dioxide nanoparticles: the role of silanol content on ROS generation, surface activity and cytotoxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:40. [PMID: 31665028 PMCID: PMC6819463 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) have been regarded as relatively benign nanomaterials, however, this widely held opinion has been questioned in recent years by several reports on in vitro and in vivo toxicity. Surface chemistry, more specifically the surface silanol content, has been identified as an important toxicity modulator for SiO2 NPs. Here, quantitative relationships between the silanol content on SiO2 NPs, free radical generation and toxicity have been identified, with the purpose of synthesizing safer-by-design fumed silica nanoparticles. RESULTS Consistent and statistically significant trends were seen between the total silanol content, cell membrane damage, and cell viability, but not with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the macrophages RAW264.7. SiO2 NPs with lower total silanol content exhibited larger adverse cellular effects. The SAEC epithelial cell line did not show any sign of toxicity by any of the nanoparticles. Free radical generation and surface reactivity of these nanoparticles were also influenced by the temperature of combustion and total silanol content. CONCLUSION Surface silanol content plays an important role in cellular toxicity and surface reactivity, although it might not be the sole factor influencing fumed silica NP toxicity. It was demonstrated that synthesis conditions for SiO2 NPs influence the type and quantity of free radicals, oxidative stress, nanoparticle interaction with the biological milieu they come in contact with, and determine the specific mechanisms of toxicity. We demonstrate here that it is possible to produce much less toxic fumed silicas by modulating the synthesis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Juan Beltran-Huarac
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yipei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Joshi Gaurav
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Glen Deloid
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anastasia Spyrogianni
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, HSPH-NIEHS Nanosafety Center, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public School, Harvard University, 665 Huntington, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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A Brief Review about the Role of Nanomaterials, Mineral-Organic Nanoparticles, and Extra-Bone Calcification in Promoting Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030065. [PMID: 31466331 PMCID: PMC6783842 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
People come in contact with a huge number of nanoparticles (NPs) throughout their lives, which can be of both natural and anthropogenic origin and are capable of entering the body through swallowing, skin penetration, or inhalation. In connection with the expanding use of nanomaterials in various industrial processes, the question of whether there is a need to study the potentially adverse effects of NPs on human health becomes increasingly important. Despite the fact that the nature and the extent of damage caused depends on the chemical and the physical characteristics of individual NPs, there are also general mechanisms related to their toxicity. These mechanisms include the ability of NPs to translocate to various organs through endocytosis, as well as their ability to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, metabolic changes, and potentially carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the main characteristics of NPs and the effects they cause at both cellular and tissue levels. We also focus on possible mechanisms that underlie the relationship of NPs with carcinogenesis. We briefly summarize the main concepts related to the role of endogenous mineral organic NPs in the development of various human diseases and their participation in extra-bone calcification. Considering data from both our studies and those published in scientific literature, we propose the revision of some ideas concerning extra-bone calcification, since it may be one of the factors associated with the initiation of the mechanisms of immunological tolerance.
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De Matteis V, Cascione M, Toma CC, Pellegrino P, Rizzello L, Rinaldi R. Tailoring Cell Morphomechanical Perturbations Through Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:109. [PMID: 30923929 PMCID: PMC6439097 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-2941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The nowadays growing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial products does not match a comprehensive understanding of their potential harmfulness. More in vitro investigations are required to address how the physicochemical properties of NPs guide their engulfment within cells and their intracellular trafficking, fate, and toxicity. These nano-bio interactions have not been extensively addressed yet, especially from a mechanical viewpoint. Cell mechanic is a critical indicator of cell health because it regulates processes like cell migration, tissue integrity, and differentiation via cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here, we investigated in vitro the elasticity perturbation of Caco-2 and A549 cell lines, in terms of Young's modulus modification induced by SiO2NPS and TiO2NPS. TiO2NPs demonstrated stronger effects on cell elasticity compared to SiO2NPs, as they induced significant morphological and morphometric changes in actin network. TiO2NPS increased the elasticity in Caco-2 cells, while opposite effects have been observed on A549 cells. These results demonstrate the existence of a correlation between the alteration of cell elasticity and NPs toxicity that depends, in turn, on the NPs physicochemical properties and the specific cell tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Cristina Toma
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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31
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Yazdimamaghani M, Moos PJ, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ghandehari H. Genotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles: Status and prospects. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 16:106-125. [PMID: 30529789 PMCID: PMC6455809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications and consumer products. Little is known, however, about their genotoxicity and potential to induce gene expression regulation. Despite recent efforts to study the underlying mechanisms of genotoxicity of SNPs, inconsistent results create a challenge. A variety of factors determine particle-cell interactions and underlying mechanisms. Further, high-throughput studies are required to carefully assess the impact of silica nanoparticle physicochemical properties on induction of genotoxic response in different cell lines and animal models. In this article, we review the strategies available for evaluation of genotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), survey current status of silica nanoparticle gene alteration and genotoxicity, discuss particle-mediated inflammation as a contributing factor to genotoxicity, identify existing gaps and suggest future directions for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Philip J Moos
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
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32
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Teulon JM, Godon C, Chantalat L, Moriscot C, Cambedouzou J, Odorico M, Ravaux J, Podor R, Gerdil A, Habert A, Herlin-Boime N, Chen SWW, Pellequer JL. On the Operational Aspects of Measuring Nanoparticle Sizes. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010018. [PMID: 30583592 PMCID: PMC6359205 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are defined as elementary particles with a size between 1 and 100 nm for at least 50% (in number). They can be made from natural materials, or manufactured. Due to their small sizes, novel toxicological issues are raised and thus determining the accurate size of these nanoparticles is a major challenge. In this study, we performed an intercomparison experiment with the goal to measure sizes of several nanoparticles, in a first step, calibrated beads and monodispersed SiO₂ Ludox®, and, in a second step, nanoparticles (NPs) of toxicological interest, such as Silver NM-300 K and PVP-coated Ag NPs, Titanium dioxide A12, P25(Degussa), and E171(A), using commonly available laboratory techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, wet scanning transmission electron microscopy (and its dry state, STEM) and atomic force microscopy. With monomodal distributed NPs (polystyrene beads and SiO₂ Ludox®), all tested techniques provide a global size value amplitude within 25% from each other, whereas on multimodal distributed NPs (Ag and TiO₂) the inter-technique variation in size values reaches 300%. Our results highlight several pitfalls of NP size measurements such as operational aspects, which are unexpected consequences in the choice of experimental protocols. It reinforces the idea that averaging the NP size from different biophysical techniques (and experimental protocols) is more robust than focusing on repetitions of a single technique. Besides, when characterizing a heterogeneous NP in size, a size distribution is more informative than a simple average value. This work emphasizes the need for nanotoxicologists (and regulatory agencies) to test a large panel of different techniques before making a choice for the most appropriate technique(s)/protocol(s) to characterize a peculiar NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Teulon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
- CEA, iBEB, LIRM, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
| | - Christian Godon
- CEA, iBEB, LIRM, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
- CEA, BIAM, LBDP, F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance, France.
| | | | | | - Julien Cambedouzou
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, F-30207 Marcoule, France.
| | - Michael Odorico
- CEA, iBEB, LIRM, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, F-30207 Marcoule, France.
| | - Johann Ravaux
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, F-30207 Marcoule, France.
| | - Renaud Podor
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ. Montpellier, F-30207 Marcoule, France.
| | - Adèle Gerdil
- UMR3685 CEA-CNRS, NIMBE, LEDNA, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | - Aurélie Habert
- UMR3685 CEA-CNRS, NIMBE, LEDNA, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France.
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Pellequer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
- CEA, iBEB, LIRM, F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France.
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33
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Westerhoff P, Atkinson A, Fortner J, Wong MS, Zimmerman J, Gardea-Torresdey J, Ranville J, Herckes P. Low risk posed by engineered and incidental nanoparticles in drinking water. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:661-669. [PMID: 30082812 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural nanoparticles (NNPs) in rivers, lakes, oceans and ground water predate humans, but engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are emerging as potential pollutants due to increasing regulatory and public perception concerns. This Review contrasts the sources, composition and potential occurrence of NNPs (for example, two-dimensional clays, multifunctional viruses and metal oxides) and ENPs in surface water, after centralized drinking water treatment, and in tap water. While analytical detection challenges exist, ENPs are currently orders of magnitude less common than NNPs in waters that flow into drinking water treatment plants. Because such plants are designed to remove small-sized NNPs, they are also very good at removing ENPs. Consequently, ENP concentrations in tap water are extremely low and pose low risk during ingestion. However, after leaving drinking water treatment plants, corrosion by-products released from distribution pipes or in-home premise plumbing can release incidental nanoparticles into tap water. The occurrence and toxicity of incidental nanoparticles, rather than ENPs, should therefore be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Westerhoff
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Ariel Atkinson
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John Fortner
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Wong
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Zimmerman
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jorge Gardea-Torresdey
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas - El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - James Ranville
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Pierre Herckes
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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34
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Shariati B, Yektadoost E, Behzadi E, Azmoodeh E, Attar F, Sari S, Akhtari K, Falahati M. Interaction of silica nanoparticles with tau proteins and PC12 cells: Colloidal stability, thermodynamic, docking, and cellular studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1963-1973. [PMID: 30009913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Study on the side effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) can provide useful information regarding their biological and medical applications. Herein, the colloidal stability of the silicon dioxide NPs (SiO2 NPs) in the absence and presence of tau was investigated by TEM and DLS techniques. Afterwards, the thermodynamic parameters of interaction between SiO2 NPs and tau were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and docking studies. Finally, the cytotoxic effects of SiO2 NPs on the viability of PC12 cells were investigated by MTT, AO/EB staining and flow cytometry assays. TEM, DLS, and zeta potential investigations revealed that tau can reduce the colloidal stability of SiO2 NPs. Fluorescence spectroscopy study indicated that SiO2 NPs bound to the tau with high affinity through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Docking study also determined that Ser, Thr and Tyr residues provide a polar microenvironment for SiO2 NPs/tau interaction. Cellular studies demonstrated that SiO2 NPs can induce cell mortality through both apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms. Therefore, it may be concluded that the biological systems such as nervous system proteins can affect the colloidal stability of NPs and vice versa NPs in the biological systems can bind to proteins and cell membranes non-specifically and may induce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Shariati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Yektadoost
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Azmoodeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Soyar Sari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Akhtari
- Department of Physics, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
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Braun K, Stürzel CM, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Kirchhoff F, Lindén M. Comparison of different cytotoxicity assays for in vitro evaluation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:214-221. [PMID: 29940343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetric or luminogenic cytotoxicity assays are typically applied for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations due to their easy handling and low cost. However, the results may be strongly assay-dependent. Furthermore, when applied to nanoparticle toxicity screening, nanoparticle-specific interferences can occur. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the assays for different classes of nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a promising platform for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications but a comparison between the commonly employed colorimetric formazan-dependent MTT and WST-1 and luminescent ATP-dependent cytotoxicity assays is still missing. In this work, we evaluated the applicability of four different in vitro cell viability assays for the cytotoxicity analysis of three differently functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards TZM-bl indicator cells. The results derived from the colorimetric measurements of cell-viability were compared with results obtained by cell count experiments, flow cytometry, and optical microscopy. The correlation between the viability assay results and the viable cell count was observed to be both assay and particle dependent. The MTT assay generally overestimated the cytotoxicity of the mesoporous silica particles, while the WST-1 assay sometimes clearly underestimated their cytotoxicity and even suggested a viability exceeding 100%. Of the two ATP-based assays, the CellTiterGlo assay gave the best correlation with cell count data, although some particle-dependent effects were observed. In conclusion, ATP-based assays seem most suitable for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Braun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christina Martina Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Electron microscopy group of material science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron microscopy group of material science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Reifarth M, Schubert US, Hoeppener S. Considerations for the Uptake Characteristic of Inorganic Nanoparticles into Mammalian Cells-Insights Gained by TEM Investigations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reifarth
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstr. 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7 07743 Jena Germany
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Younes M, Aggett P, Aguilar F, Crebelli R, Dusemund B, Filipič M, Frutos MJ, Galtier P, Gott D, Gundert-Remy U, Kuhnle GG, Leblanc JC, Lillegaard IT, Moldeus P, Mortensen A, Oskarsson A, Stankovic I, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Woutersen RA, Wright M, Boon P, Chrysafidis D, Gürtler R, Mosesso P, Parent-Massin D, Tobback P, Kovalkovicova N, Rincon AM, Tard A, Lambré C. Re-evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05088. [PMID: 32625658 PMCID: PMC7009582 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of silicon dioxide (E 551) when used as a food additive. The forms of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) used as E 551 include fumed silica and hydrated silica (precipitated silica, silica gel and hydrous silica). The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified' for silicon dioxide and silicates. SAS materials used in the available biological and toxicological studies were different in their physicochemical properties; their characteristics were not always described in sufficient detail. Silicon dioxide appears to be poorly absorbed. However, silicon-containing material (in some cases presumed to be silicon dioxide) was found in some tissues. Despite the limitations in the subchronic, reproductive and developmental toxicological studies, including studies with nano silicon dioxide, there was no indication of adverse effects. E 551 does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity. In the absence of a long-term study with nano silicon dioxide, the Panel could not extrapolate the results from the available chronic study with a material, which does not cover the full-size range of the nanoparticles that could be present in the food additive E 551, to a material complying with the current specifications for E 551. These specifications do not exclude the presence of nanoparticles. The highest exposure estimates were at least one order of magnitude lower than the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) identified (the highest doses tested). The Panel concluded that the EU specifications are insufficient to adequately characterise the food additive E 551. Clear characterisation of particle size distribution is required. Based on the available database, there was no indication for toxicity of E 551 at the reported uses and use levels. Because of the limitations in the available database, the Panel was unable to confirm the current ADI 'not specified'. The Panel recommended some modifications of the EU specifications for E 551.
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Laux P, Tentschert J, Riebeling C, Braeuning A, Creutzenberg O, Epp A, Fessard V, Haas KH, Haase A, Hund-Rinke K, Jakubowski N, Kearns P, Lampen A, Rauscher H, Schoonjans R, Störmer A, Thielmann A, Mühle U, Luch A. Nanomaterials: certain aspects of application, risk assessment and risk communication. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:121-141. [PMID: 29273819 PMCID: PMC5773666 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development and market introduction of new nanomaterials trigger the need for an adequate risk assessment of such products alongside suitable risk communication measures. Current application of classical and new nanomaterials is analyzed in context of regulatory requirements and standardization for chemicals, food and consumer products. The challenges of nanomaterial characterization as the main bottleneck of risk assessment and regulation are presented. In some areas, e.g., quantification of nanomaterials within complex matrices, the establishment and adaptation of analytical techniques such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and others are potentially suited to meet the requirements. As an example, we here provide an approach for the reliable characterization of human exposure to nanomaterials resulting from food packaging. Furthermore, results of nanomaterial toxicity and ecotoxicity testing are discussed, with concluding key criteria such as solubility and fiber rigidity as important parameters to be considered in material development and regulation. Although an analysis of the public opinion has revealed a distinguished rating depending on the particular field of application, a rather positive perception of nanotechnology could be ascertained for the German public in general. An improvement of material characterization in both toxicological testing as well as end-product control was concluded as being the main obstacle to ensure not only safe use of materials, but also wide acceptance of this and any novel technology in the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jutta Tentschert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Riebeling
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Department of Inhalation Toxicology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai Fuchs Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Epp
- Department of Risk Communication, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Laboratoire de Fougères, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Karl-Heinz Haas
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf Dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jakubowski
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kearns
- OECD Environment, Health and Safety Division 2, rue Andre-Pascal, 75775, Paris Cedex 16, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert Rauscher
- Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, Directorate Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Via E. Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Reinhilde Schoonjans
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1a, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Störmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Axel Thielmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Breslauer Strasse 48, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Mühle
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Guo C, Wang J, Yang M, Li Y, Cui S, Zhou X, Li Y, Sun Z. Amorphous silica nanoparticles induce malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of human lung epithelial cells via P53 signaling. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:1176-1194. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1403658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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Sharma C, Dhiman R, Rokana N, Panwar H. Nanotechnology: An Untapped Resource for Food Packaging. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1735. [PMID: 28955314 PMCID: PMC5601076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food commodities are packaged and hygienically transported to protect and preserve them from any un-acceptable alteration in quality, before reaching the end-consumer. Food packaging continues to evolve along-with the innovations in material science and technology, as well as in light of consumer's demand. Presently, the modern consumers of competitive economies demands for food with natural quality, assured safety, minimal processing, extended shelf-life and ready-to-eat concept. Innovative packaging systems, not only ascertains transit preservation and effective distribution, but also facilitates communication at the consumer levels. The technological advances in the domain of food packaging in twenty-first century are mainly chaired by nanotechnology, the science of nano-materials. Nanotechnology manipulates and creates nanometer scale materials, of commercial and scientific relevance. Introduction of nanotechnology in food packaging sector has significantly addressed the food quality, safety and stability concerns. Besides, nanotechnology based packaging intimate's consumers about the real time quality of food product. Additionally, nanotechnology has been explored for controlled release of preservatives/antimicrobials, extending the product shelf life within the package. The promising reports for nanotechnology interventions in food packaging have established this as an independent priority research area. Nanoparticles based food packages offer improved barrier and mechanical properties, along with food preservation and have gained welcoming response from market and end users. In contrary, recent advances and up-liftment in this area have raised various ethical, environmental and safety concerns. Policies and regulation regarding nanoparticles incorporation in food packaging are being reviewed. This review presents the existing knowledge, recent advances, concerns and future applications of nanotechnology in food packaging sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
| | - Romika Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, D.A.V. College for GirlsYamuna Nagar, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityLudhiana, India
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Murugadoss S, Lison D, Godderis L, Van Den Brule S, Mast J, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Hoet PH. Toxicology of silica nanoparticles: an update. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2967-3010. [PMID: 28573455 PMCID: PMC5562771 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale production and use of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have increased the risk of human exposure to SiNPs, while their health effects remain unclear. In this review, scientific papers from 2010 to 2016 were systematically selected and sorted based on in vitro and in vivo studies: to provide an update on SiNPs toxicity and to address the knowledge gaps indicated in the review of Napierska (Part Fibre Toxicol 7:39, 2010). Toxicity of SiNPs in vitro is size, dose, and cell type dependent. SiNPs synthesized by wet route exhibited noticeably different biological effects compared to thermal route-based SiNPs. Amorphous SiNPs (particularly colloidal and stöber) induced toxicity via mechanisms similar to crystalline silica. In vivo, route of administration and physico-chemical properties of SiNPs influences the toxicokinetics. Adverse effects were mainly observed in acutely exposed animals, while no significant signs of toxicity were noted in chronically dosed animals. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity remains less well established mainly due to improper-unrealistic-dosing both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, notwithstanding the multiple studies published in recent years, unambiguous linking of physico-chemical properties of SiNPs types to toxicity, bioavailability, or human health effects is not yet possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Room: 07.702, box 706, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52/B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 35 block d, box 7001, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Sybille Van Den Brule
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52/B1.52.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- EM-unit, Center for Veterinary and Agrochemical Studies and Research (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, Uccle, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederic Brassinne
- EM-unit, Center for Veterinary and Agrochemical Studies and Research (CODA-CERVA), Groeselenberg 99, Uccle, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noham Sebaihi
- General Quality and Safety, Metrology Department, National Standards, North Gate-Office 2A29, Bd du Roi Albert II, 16, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter H. Hoet
- Unit for Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1, Room: 07.702, box 706, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
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Ude VC, Brown DM, Viale L, Kanase N, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on differentiated and undifferentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells; assessment of cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, cytokine production and nanomaterial penetration. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:31. [PMID: 28835236 PMCID: PMC5569458 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) are exploited in a diverse array of products including antimicrobials, inks, cosmetics, textiles and food contact materials. There is therefore a need to assess the toxicity of CuO NMs to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract since exposure could occur via direct oral ingestion, mucocillary clearance (following inhalation) or hand to mouth contact. METHODS Undifferentiated Caco-2 intestinal cells were exposed to CuO NMs (10 nm) at concentrations ranging from 0.37 to 78.13 μg/cm2 Cu (equivalent to 1.95 to 250 μg/ml) and cell viability assessed 24 h post exposure using the alamar blue assay. The benchmark dose (BMD 20), determined using PROAST software, was identified as 4.44 μg/cm2 for CuO NMs, and 4.25 μg/cm2 for copper sulphate (CuSO4), which informed the selection of concentrations for further studies. The differentiation status of cells and the impact of CuO NMs and CuSO4 on the integrity of the differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer were assessed by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), staining for Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and imaging of cell morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of CuO NMs and CuSO4 on the viability of differentiated cells was performed via assessment of cell number (DAPI staining), and visualisation of cell morphology (light microscopy). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) production by undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells following exposure to CuO NMs and CuSO4 was determined using an ELISA. The copper concentration in the cell lysate, apical and basolateral compartments were measured with Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and used to calculate the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp); a measure of barrier permeability to CuO NMs. For all experiments, CuSO4 was used as an ionic control. RESULTS CuO NMs and CuSO4 caused a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability in undifferentiated cells. CuO NMs and CuSO4 translocated across the differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer. CuO NM mediated IL-8 production was over 2-fold higher in undifferentiated cells. A reduction in cell viability in differentiated cells was not responsible for the lower level of cytokine production observed. Both CuO NMs and CuSO4 decreased TEER values to a similar extent, and caused tight junction dysfunction (ZO-1 staining), suggesting that barrier integrity was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS CuO NMs and CuSO4 stimulated IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells, decreased barrier integrity and thereby increased the Papp and translocation of Cu. There was no significant enhancement in potency of the CuO NMs compared to CuSO4. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were identified as a powerful model to assess the impacts of ingested NMs on the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Ude
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - David M. Brown
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Luca Viale
- CNR-ISTEC Faenza, Via Granarolo, 64 -, 48018 Faenza, RA Italy
| | - Nilesh Kanase
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Helinor J. Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
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Vicente S, Moia C, Zhu H, Vigé X. In vitro
evaluation of the internalization and toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles and submicroparticles for the design of dermal drug delivery strategies. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1396-1407. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- SANOFI Research & Development; Translational Sciences Unit; 91385 Chilly-Mazarin France
| | - Claudia Moia
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, School of Applied Sciences; Cranfield University; Bedford MK43 0AL UK
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Environmental Science and Technology Department, School of Applied Sciences; Cranfield University; Bedford MK43 0AL UK
| | - Xavier Vigé
- SANOFI Research & Development; Translational Sciences Unit; 91385 Chilly-Mazarin France
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Dalzon B, Aude-Garcia C, Collin-Faure V, Diemer H, Béal D, Dussert F, Fenel D, Schoehn G, Cianférani S, Carrière M, Rabilloud T. Differential proteomics highlights macrophage-specific responses to amorphous silica nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9641-9658. [PMID: 28671223 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The technological and economic benefits of engineered nanomaterials may be offset by their adverse effects on living organisms. One of the highly produced nanomaterials under such scrutiny is amorphous silica nanoparticles, which are known to have an appreciable, although reversible, inflammatory potential. This is due to their selective toxicity toward macrophages, and it is thus important to study the cellular responses of this cell type to silica nanoparticles to better understand the direct or indirect adverse effects of nanosilica. We have here studied the responses of the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells and of the control MPC11 plasma cells to subtoxic concentrations of nanosilica, using a combination of proteomic and targeted approaches. This allowed us to document alterations in the cellular cytoskeleton, in the phagocytic capacity of the cells as well as their ability to respond to bacterial stimuli. More surprisingly, silica nanoparticles also induce a greater sensitivity of macrophages to DNA alkylating agents, such as styrene oxide, even at doses which do not induce any appreciable cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Dalzon
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Catherine Aude-Garcia
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Véronique Collin-Faure
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Béal
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l'Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), UMR 5819, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Dussert
- Chimie Interface Biologie pour l'Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST), UMR 5819, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Daphna Fenel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, UMR5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, UMR5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Carrière
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, UMR 5249, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
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Foglia S, Ledda M, Fioretti D, Iucci G, Papi M, Capellini G, Lolli MG, Grimaldi S, Rinaldi M, Lisi A. In vitro biocompatibility study of sub-5 nm silica-coated magnetic iron oxide fluorescent nanoparticles for potential biomedical application. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46513. [PMID: 28422155 PMCID: PMC5395943 DOI: 10.1038/srep46513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), for their intriguing properties, have attracted a great interest as they can be employed in many different biomedical applications. In this multidisciplinary study, we synthetized and characterized ultrafine 3 nm superparamagnetic water-dispersible nanoparticles. By a facile and inexpensive one-pot approach, nanoparticles were coated with a shell of silica and contemporarily functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye. The obtained sub-5 nm silica-coated magnetic iron oxide fluorescent (sub-5 SIO-Fl) nanoparticles were assayed for cellular uptake, biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in a human colon cancer cellular model. By confocal microscopy analysis we demonstrated that nanoparticles as-synthesized are internalized and do not interfere with the CaCo-2 cell cytoskeletal organization nor with their cellular adhesion. We assessed that they do not exhibit cytotoxicity, providing evidence that they do not affect shape, proliferation, cellular viability, cell cycle distribution and progression. We further demonstrated at molecular level that these nanoparticles do not interfere with the expression of key differentiation markers and do not affect pro-inflammatory cytokines response in Caco-2 cells. Overall, these results showed the in vitro biocompatibility of the sub-5 SIO-Fl nanoparticles promising their safe employ for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Foglia
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism (IMEM), Department of Engineering, ICT and technologies for energy and transportation, National Research Council (CNR), Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Papi
- Institute of Physics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Amorphous Silica Particles Relevant in Food Industry Influence Cellular Growth and Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7010018. [PMID: 28336852 PMCID: PMC5295208 DOI: 10.3390/nano7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured silica particles are commonly used in biomedical and biotechnical fields, as well as, in cosmetics and food industry. Thus, their environmental and health impacts are of great interest and effects after oral uptake are only rarely investigated. In the present study, the toxicological effects of commercially available nano-scaled silica with a nominal primary diameter of 12 nm were investigated on the human gastric carcinoma cell line GXF251L. Besides the analysis of cytotoxic and proliferative effects and the comparison with effects of particles with a nominal primary diameter of 200 nm, emphasis was also given to their influence on the cellular epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways—both of them deeply involved in the regulation of cellular processes like cell cycle progression, differentiation or proliferation. The investigated silica nanoparticles (NPs) were found to stimulate cell proliferation as measured by microscopy and the sulforhodamine B assay. In accordance, the nuclear level of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. At high particle concentrations also necrosis was induced. Finally, silica NPs affected the EGFR and MAPK pathways at various levels dependent on concentration and time. However, classical activation of the EGFR, to be reflected by enhanced levels of phosphorylation, could be excluded as major trigger of the proliferative stimulus. After 45 min of incubation the level of phosphorylated EGFR did not increase, whereas enhanced levels of total EGFR protein were observed. These results indicate interference with the complex homeostasis of the EGFR protein, whereby up to 24 h no impact on the transcription level was detected. In addition, downstream on the level of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 short term incubation appeared to affect total protein levels without clear increase in phosphorylation. Depending on the concentration range, enhanced levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were only observed after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the potential of the tested silica particles to enhance the growth of gastric carcinoma cells. Although interference with the EGFR/MAPK cascade is observed, additional mechanisms are likely to be involved in the onset of the proliferative stimulus.
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Ye D, Bramini M, Hristov DR, Wan S, Salvati A, Åberg C, Dawson KA. Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1396-1406. [PMID: 28900595 PMCID: PMC5530606 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular barriers, such as the skin, the lung epithelium or the intestinal epithelium, constitute one of the first obstacles facing nanomedicines or other nanoparticles entering organisms. It is thus important to assess the capacity of nanoparticles to enter and transport across such barriers. In this work, Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were used as a well-established model for the intestinal barrier, and the uptake, trafficking and translocation of model silica nanoparticles of different sizes were investigated using a combination of imaging, flow cytometry and transport studies. Compared to typical observations in standard cell lines commonly used for in vitro studies, silica nanoparticle uptake into well-developed Caco-2 cellular barriers was found to be very low. Instead, nanoparticle association to the apical outer membrane was substantial and these particles could easily be misinterpreted as internalised in the absence of imaging. Passage of nanoparticles through the barrier was very limited, suggesting that the low amount of internalised nanoparticles was due to reduced uptake into cells, rather than a considerable transport through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ye
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- present address: AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Brain Delivery at Neuroscience Discovery, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- present address: Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Delyan R Hristov
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sha Wan
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anna Salvati
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- present address: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoffer Åberg
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- present address: Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Fruijtier-Pölloth C. The safety of nanostructured synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) as a food additive (E 551). Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2885-2916. [PMID: 27699444 PMCID: PMC5104814 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGES Particle sizes of E 551 products are in the micrometre range. The typical external diameters of the constituent particles (aggregates) are greater than 100 nm. E 551 does not break down under acidic conditions such as in the stomach, but may release dissolved silica in environments with higher pH such as the intestinal tract. E 551 is one of the toxicologically most intensively studied substances and has not shown any relevant systemic or local toxicity after oral exposure. Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) meeting the specifications for use as a food additive (E 551) is and has always been produced by the same two production methods: the thermal and the wet processes, resulting in E 551 products consisting of particles typically in the micrometre size range. The constituent particles (aggregates) are typically larger than 100 nm and do not contain discernible primary particles. Particle sizes above 100 nm are necessary for E 551 to fulfil its technical function as spacer between food particles, thus avoiding the caking of food particles. Based on an in-depth review of the available toxicological information and intake data, it is concluded that the SAS products specified for use as food additive E 551 do not cause adverse effects in oral repeated-dose studies including doses that exceed current OECD guideline recommendations. In particular, there is no evidence for liver toxicity after oral intake. No adverse effects have been found in oral fertility and developmental toxicity studies, nor are there any indications from in vivo studies for an immunotoxic or neurotoxic effect. SAS is neither mutagenic nor genotoxic in vivo. In intact cells, a direct interaction of unlabelled and unmodified SAS with DNA was never found. Differences in the magnitude of biological responses between pyrogenic and precipitated silica described in some in vitro studies with murine macrophages at exaggerated exposure levels seem to be related to interactions with cell culture proteins and cell membranes. The in vivo studies do not indicate that there is a toxicologically relevant difference between SAS products after oral exposure. It is noted that any silicon dioxide product not meeting established specifications, and/or produced to provide new functionality in food, requires its own specific safety and risk assessment.
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Park JH, Jeong H, Hong J, Chang M, Kim M, Chuck RS, Lee JK, Park CY. The Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37762. [PMID: 27876873 PMCID: PMC5120337 DOI: 10.1038/srep37762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is an interesting field in current research. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are promising drug carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. However, little is known about the toxicity of SiNPs on ocular surface cells such as human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity induced by 50, 100 and 150 nm sizes of SiNPs on cultured HCECs for up to 48 hours. SiNPs were up-taken by HCECs inside cytoplasmic vacuoles. Cellular reactive oxygen species generation was mildly elevated, dose dependently, with SiNPs, but no significant decrease of cellular viability was observed up to concentrations of 100 μg/ml for three different sized SiNPs. Western blot assays revealed that both cellular autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways were activated with the addition of SiNPs. Our findings suggested that 50, 100 and 150 nm sized SiNPs did not induce significant cytotoxicity in cultured HCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyejoong Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minwook Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Martha Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Roy S Chuck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jimmy K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Choul-Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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50
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Beloqui A, des Rieux A, Préat V. Mechanisms of transport of polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles across the intestinal barrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:242-255. [PMID: 27117710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across the intestinal barrier is essential for designing more efficient nanoparticles for oral administration. The physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles (e.g., size, surface charge, chemical composition) dictate nanoparticle fate across the intestinal barrier. This review aims to address the most important findings regarding polymeric and lipidic nanoparticle transport across the intestinal barrier, including the evaluation of critical physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles that affect nanocarrier interactions with the intestinal barrier.
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