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Devereaux J, Robinson AM, Stavely R, Davidson M, Dargahi N, Ephraim R, Kiatos D, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism and de novo NAD + biosynthesis within the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic intestinal inflammation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1379335. [PMID: 39015786 PMCID: PMC11250461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1379335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease is an incurable and idiopathic disease characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal tract inflammation. Tryptophan metabolism in mammalian cells and some gut microbes comprise intricate chemical networks facilitated by catalytic enzymes that affect the downstream metabolic pathways of de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis. It is hypothesized that a correlation exists between tryptophan de novo NAD+ synthesis and chronic intestinal inflammation. Methods Transcriptome analysis was performed using high-throughput sequencing of mRNA extracted from the distal colon and brain tissue of Winnie mice with spontaneous chronic colitis and C57BL/6 littermates. Metabolites were assessed using ultra-fast liquid chromatography to determine differences in concentrations of tryptophan metabolites. To evaluate the relative abundance of gut microbial genera involved in tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from C57BL/6 and Winnie mice. Results Tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism-associated gene expression was altered in distal colons and brains of Winnie mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. Changes in these metabolic pathways were reflected by increases in colon tryptophan metabolites and decreases in brain tryptophan metabolites in Winnie mice. Furthermore, dysbiosis of gut microbiota involved in tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism was evident in fecal samples from Winnie mice. Our findings shed light on the physiological alterations in tryptophan metabolism, specifically, its diversion from the serotonergic pathway toward the kynurenine pathway and consequential effects on de novo NAD+ synthesis in chronic intestinal inflammation. Conclusion The results of this study reveal differential expression of tryptophan and nicotinamide metabolism-associated genes in the distal colon and brain in Winnie mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. These data provide evidence supporting the role of tryptophan metabolism and de novo NAD+ synthesis in IBD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Devereaux
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Rural Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramya Ephraim
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dimitros Kiatos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rohith HS, Peddha MS, Halami PM. Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis MCC2514 and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 Regulates GATA3 and Foxp3 Expression in the Elevated Disease Condition. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:894-910. [PMID: 37195508 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis was evaluated using Bacillus licheniformis MCC 2514 (B. licheniformis) and Bifidobacterium breve NCIM 5671 (Bf. breve) as immune modulators. The study aims to analyze probiotic efficiency of ulcerative colitis induced by TNBS in Wistar rats. The tumor-like structure was found in the colon of TNBS inflammation-induced rats. Nitric oxide production was inhibited by about 65.2% fed with combination of bacteria and C-reactive protein, and decreased by 12% and 10.8% upon supplementing B. licheniformis and Bf. breve against the TNBS-treated rats, respectively. Liver damage was observed in the TNBS-treated rats; addition of probiotic bacteria reduced SGPT (75.4%) and SGOT (42.5%). On TNBS treatment, the transcriptional factor responsible for Th2 cell immune response (GATA3) was analyzed, and the elevation in gene expression (5.31-fold) was found. The FOXP-3 responsible for T-regulatory cells was expressed about 0.91-fold upon the treatment with a combination of bacteria. The expression of antioxidant genes such as iNOS (1.11-fold), GPx (1.29-fold), and PON1 (1.48-fold) has been increased when compared with that of the TNBS-treated group. The cytokines specific to Th2-driven immune response, such as IL-4, IL-5, and TNF-α, were reduced upon feeding the bacteria. It is observed that the B. licheniformis and Bf. breve used in the study have reduced Th2-driven immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Rohith
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukumar Serva Peddha
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Prakash Motiram Halami
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570020, Karnataka, India.
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Wu QJ, Zhu LL, Zhang RK, Xing ZY, Wang C, Liao JH, Hu NZ, Cheng BY, Ma Y, Wang YQ. Effect of glutamine on the systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:275. [PMID: 38102601 PMCID: PMC10724901 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine on the growth performance and systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were assigned randomly to 6 dietary treatments with 10 replicates for a 21-day feeding experiment. The experimental treatments were as follows: the control treatment (birds fed the basal diet), the Gln1 treatment, and the Gln 2 treatment (birds fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, and 1.0% Glutamine, respectively). At 3 d of age, half of the birds from each treatment were challenged oral gavage with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. pullorum suspension (1.0 mL per bird) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline alone, which served as a control. RESULTS The results showed that S. pullorum infection had adverse effects on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens compared with those of the CON treatment on d 7, decreased the spleen and bursa of fabricius relative weights (except on d 21), serum immunoglobulin A (IgA),immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, and spleen melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology gene 2 (LGP2) mRNA expression levels, and increased the mRNA expression levels of spleen Nodinitib-1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptors 2,4 (TLR2, TLR4), DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), P50, P65, and RelB on d 4, 7, 14, and 21. Supplementation with Gln improved the relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except on d 21), increased the serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations and the mRNA expression levels of spleen MDA5 and LGP2, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of spleen NOD1, TLR2, TLR4, DAI, MAVS, P50, P65, and RelB of S. pullorum-challenged broiler chickens. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Gln might stimulate the systemic innate immune responses of the spleen in broiler chickens challenged with S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China.
| | - Long Long Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Rong Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Zhong Ying Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Jia Hui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Nai Zhi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Bin Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yu Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
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Zheng X, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Chu Y, Yang W. The role of amino acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284133. [PMID: 37936710 PMCID: PMC10626463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic symptom of the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and granulocytes, and the increased release of proinflammatory factors. Subsequently, macrophage differentiates and T cells and other regulated factors exhibit anti-inflammatory function, releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to maintain homeostasis. Although reports define various degrees of metabolic disorders in both the inflamed and non-inflamed parts of inflammatory diseases, little is known about the changes in amino acid metabolism in such conditions. This review aims to summarize amino acid changes and mechanisms involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory diseases. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have been found to show promising effects in the treatment of IBD and other inflammatory diseases,their potential in the modulation of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of inflammation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Li B, Guo Y, Jia X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230785. [PMID: 37693835 PMCID: PMC10487402 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and associated with metabolic imbalance. Luteolin (LUT) reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, its regulatory effects on metabolites remain indistinct. Here, the effects of LUT on immune response and oxidative stress in UC were determined. Serum metabolomics profiles of UC rats treated with LUT were obtained utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that LUT treatment alleviated colon tissue injury, colon shortening, weight loss, and inflammatory response in UC rats. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were elevated, but malondialdehyde content was reduced in serum of UC rats, while these changes were abrogated by LUT. Metabolomics analysis unveiled that l-malic acid, creatinine, l-glutamine, and l-lactic acid levels were remarkably decreased, while dimethyl sulfone, 5-methylcytosine, cysteine-S-sulfate, and jasmonic acid levels were notably increased after LUT treatment. Furthermore, differential metabolites primarily participated in d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and citrate cycle pathways. In summary, these results demonstrated that LUT improved immune response, alleviated oxidative stress, and altered metabolites in UC rats. This study lays the root for further exploring the mechanism of LUT in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Production of Corn Protein Hydrolysate with Glutamine-Rich Peptides and Its Antagonistic Function in Ulcerative Colitis In Vivo. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213359. [PMID: 36359970 PMCID: PMC9657542 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a typical chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which has become a serious hazard to human health. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of corn protein hydrolysate with glutamine-rich peptides on ulcerative colitis. The sequential hydrolysis of corn gluten meal by Alcalase and Protamex was conducted to prepare the hydrolysate, and then the mouse ulcerative colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium was applied to evaluate its biological activities. The results indicated that the hydrolysate significantly improved weight loss (p < 0.05), reduced the colonic shortening and the disease activity index, diminished the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colonic tissue, and reduced the permeability of the colonic mucosa in mice. In addition, the hydrolysate decreased the contents of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, increased the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and oxidative stress markers GSH-Px and SOD in the animal tests. Moreover, the hydrolysate also regulated the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, improved the microbiota structure, and increased the content of beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. These results indicated that the hydrolysate might be used as an alternative natural product for the prevention of ulcerative colitis and could be further developed into a functional food.
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7
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Immunomodulatory Role of BLG-Derived Peptides Based on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and DC-T Cell from Mice Allergic to Cow's Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101450. [PMID: 35627020 PMCID: PMC9140701 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, but not whole protein, elicit an allergic reaction since food allergens should be consumed by digestion. In this study, we explored the remaining peptides after simulated digestion of cow’s milk in order to search for β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-derived peptides that could play an immunomodulatory role. As a major allergen in milk, BLG-derived peptides, 109 in total, were identified both from simulated infant and adult digestion in vitro. These peptides were mainly located in four regions, and they were synthesized as five peptides, namely, BLG1–14, BLG24–35, BLG40–60, BLG82–101, and BLG123–139. Then, the effect of peptides on the Caco-2 cell’s transport absorption, the co-stimulatory molecules of DC, and the T-cell phenotype was explored. The results suggested all peptides showed better transport absorption capacity with the apparent permeability coefficient higher than 2 × 10−6 cm·s−1. The ability of BLG40–60 for promoting lamina propria-derived DC cell (LPDC) maturation was observed by the increase in MHC II. Moreover, BLG1–14 and BLG40–60 directed activation of T lymphocytes towards a Th1 phenotype. This is the first report of the immunomodulatory potential of peptides in the sensitization of allergic reaction, and one peptide, BLG40–60, was regarded as an immunomodulatory peptide, one that should be further explored in an animal model in depth.
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8
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Garza-Hernandez D, Sepulveda-Villegas M, Garcia-Pelaez J, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Lakatos PL, Estrada K, Martinez-Vazquez M, Trevino V. A systematic review and functional bioinformatics analysis of genes associated with Crohn's disease identify more than 120 related genes. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:302. [PMID: 35418025 PMCID: PMC9008988 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease is one of the two categories of inflammatory bowel diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The heritability estimate has been reported to be 0.75. Several genes linked to Crohn's disease risk have been identified using a plethora of strategies such as linkage-based studies, candidate gene association studies, and lately through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, a compendium of all the genes that have been associated with CD is lacking. METHODS We conducted functional analyses of a gene set generated from a systematic review where genes potentially related to CD found in the literature were analyzed and classified depending on the genetic evidence reported and putative biological function. For this, we retrieved and analyzed 2496 abstracts comprising 1067 human genes plus 22 publications regarding 133 genes from GWAS Catalog. Then, each gene was curated and categorized according to the type of evidence associated with Crohn's disease. RESULTS We identified 126 genes associated with Crohn's disease risk by specific experiments. Additionally, 71 genes were recognized associated through GWAS alone, 18 to treatment response, 41 to disease complications, and 81 to related diseases. Bioinformatic analysis of the 126 genes supports their importance in Crohn's disease and highlights genes associated with specific aspects such as symptoms, drugs, and comorbidities. Importantly, most genes were not included in commercial genetic panels suggesting that Crohn's disease is genetically underdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS We identified a total of 126 genes from PubMed and 71 from GWAS that showed evidence of association to diagnosis, 18 to treatment response, and 41 to disease complications in Crohn's disease. This prioritized gene catalog can be explored at http://victortrevino.bioinformatics.mx/CrohnDisease .
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Garza-Hernandez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Maricruz Sepulveda-Villegas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jose Garcia-Pelaez
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saude-i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology at the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Peter L Lakatos
- McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, IBD Centre, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Ave. Cedar, D16.173.1, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Karol Estrada
- Graduate Professional Studies, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Manuel Martinez-Vazquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Instituto de Medicina Interna, Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion, Av. Batallón de San Patricio No. 112, Colonia Real San Agustín, 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Cátedra de Bioinformática, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000, Colonia Los Doctores, 64710, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. .,Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Integrative Biology Unit, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Avenue, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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9
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Gu M, Pan S, Deng W, Li Q, Qi Z, Chen C, Bai N. Effects of glutamine on the IKK/IκB/NF-кB system in the enterocytes of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. stimulated with soya-saponins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:373-378. [PMID: 34688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soya-saponins represent key anti-nutritional factors that contribute to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and glutamine is an effective fish intestine protectant that combats the negative effects of soya-saponins. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-кB) systems are involved in the interactions between soya-saponins and glutamine, and the goal of the present work was to clarify the related molecular mechanisms used by the NF-кB kinase (IKK)/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)/NF-кB system. Primary cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) intestinal epithelial cells were concurrently administrated with 1 mg/mL of soya-saponins and several levels of glutamine (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) for 12 h and then subjected to real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Compared with cells treated with soya-saponins alone, glutamine significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α genes, significantly reduced nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 abundance levels in a dose-dependent manner, increased the IκBα protein level but decreased its phosphorylation, and down-regulated the IKKα/β and phosphorylated IKKα/β levels. In conclusion, this in vitro work confirmed that glutamine attenuated soya-saponin-induced inflammatory responses in turbot intestines. Moreover, it identified molecular pathways in which glutamine first decreased the p65 level and then prevented its nuclear translocation. In addition, glutamine reduced IκBα phosphorylation and maintained its level. Finally, glutamine decreased IKK expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Alipanah-Moghadam R, Molazadeh L, Jafari-Suha Z, Naghizadeh-Baghi A, Mohajeri M, Nemati A. Glutamine supplementation can reduce some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. Nutrition 2021; 94:111506. [PMID: 34844156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutamine can be beneficial to athletes for its antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. METHODS In an intervention study, 30 healthy males (case = 15 and control = 15) were randomly assigned into two groups. For 14 d, the intervention group received 0.3 g of glutamine per kilogram of body weight per day, with 25 g of sugar in 250 mL of water, and the control group received 25 g of sugar per 250 mL of water. At the end of the intervention, the participants completed one session of exhaustive exercise, and then fasting blood samples were taken to test serum levels of atherosclerosis markers. RESULTS In the intervention group, the serum levels of leptin, cholesterol, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were lower than in the control group after 2 wk of glutamine supplementation (P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 serum levels were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group after supplementation, but not significantly. Serum levels of leptin, interleukin-6, cholesterol, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, as well as the ratio of oxidized low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein, were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group after exhaustive exercise (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Glutamine supplementation has beneficial effects for athletes, particularly those doing strenuous physical exercise, through reducing atherosclerosis-related biomarkers and elevating serum adiponectin levels, and it can potentially play a role in decreasing the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leila Molazadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jafari-Suha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Mohajeri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Dietary Bioactive Peptide Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5543003. [PMID: 34046146 PMCID: PMC8128544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder threatening human health. Di-peptide alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) has various beneficial effects on gut health. However, its role and functional mechanism in treating IBD are still not clear. Therefore, the protective effects of Ala-Gln and glutamine (Gln) on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitic mice were investigated in this study. The results showed that oral supplementation of Ala-Gln or Gln significantly attenuated the colitis symptoms in mice, including body weight loss, colon length, disease activity index, histological scores, and tissue apoptosis. The concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased, while the concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased by Ala-Gln or Gln supplementation. The expression of occludin and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was significantly increased by Ala-Gln or Gln. Interestingly, Ala-Gln had better beneficial effects than Gln in alleviating colitis. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the DSS-induced shifts of the microbiome (community diversity, evenness, richness, and composition) in the mouse colon were restored by Gln and Ala-Gln, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, Bacteroidales, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Helicobacter, and Bacteroides. Correspondingly, the functions of the microflora metabolism pathways were also rescued by Ala-Gln, including fatty acid metabolism, membrane transporters, infectious diseases, and immune system. In conclusion, the results revealed that Ala-Gln can prevent colitis through PepT1, enhancing the intestinal barrier and modulating gut microbiota and microflora metabolites.
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Colares JR, Schemitt EG, Hartmann RM, Moura RM, Morgan-Martins MI, Fillmann HS, Fillmann L, Marroni NP. Effect of lecithin on oxidative stress in an experimental model of rats colitis induced by acetic acid. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the bowels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the progress of UC.
Objective Evaluate the antioxidant effect of lecithin in an experimental model of acute UC induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats.
Methods Lecithin (0.5 mL/kg/day) administered orally 2 days before and after induction of colitis with 4% AA in a volume of 4 mL. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups: control (CO); control + lecithin (CO + LE); colitis (CL); colitis + lecithin (CL + LE); lecithin + colitis (LE + CL). Anal sphincter pressure, LPO (TBARS), and antioxidant activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured, and a histological analysis with H&E was performed.
Results and discussion Anal sphincter pressure was significantly smaller in the CO group, lecithin treatment increased it in pre- and post-treated groups. LPO and SOD activity were increased in the CO group and decreased in the lecithin-treated groups. CAT activity was increased in CO group and decreased in lecithin groups. The histological analysis showed damage to the bowels with destruction of crypts, edema, and inflammatory infiltrate. Use of lecithin preserved the crypts and decreased the edema.
Conclusion Ulcerative colitis increased lipid peroxidation, and the use of lecithin was effective reducing damage to the bowels in the model of experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josieli Raskopf Colares
- Bio Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Moura
- Applied Toxicology, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Morgan-Martins
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Fillmann
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Bio Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hepatology and Experimental Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Applied Toxicology, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
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Moura RM, Hartmann RM, Licks F, Schemitt EG, Colares JR, do Couto Soares M, Fillmann LS, Fillmann HS, Marroni NP. Antioxidant effect of mesalazine in the experimental colitis model induced by acetic acid. JOURNAL OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcol.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, without specific cause or pathogen.
Objective The effect of mesalazine in a colitis model induced by acetic acid (AA) was evaluated.
Methods We used 40 Wistar rats, ±350 g, divided into 4 groups: control (CO); control + mesalazine (CO + M); colitis (CL) and colitis + M (CL + M) at 24 and 48 h of treatment. The animals received the substances by an intracolonic enema of AA 4% and treatment with mesalazine PO 20 mg/kg after colitis induction.
Results Mesalazine reduced tissue damage in the gut, normalized sphincter anal pressure levels and decreased lipid peroxidation, metabolites of nitric oxide and iNOS and NF-kB expression in the treated groups in both treatment time points (24 and 48 h), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Conclusion Mesalazine was effective in reducing tissue damage and oxidative and inflammatory damage, restored antioxidant capacity and increased anal sphincter pressure levels, possibly due to its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Moura
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielli Licks
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Gonçalves Schemitt
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josieli Raskopf Colares
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana do Couto Soares
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Oliveira Santos R, da Silva Cardoso G, da Costa Lima L, de Sousa Cavalcante ML, Silva MS, Cavalcante AKM, Severo JS, de Melo Sousa FB, Pacheco G, Alves EHP, Nobre LMS, Medeiros JVR, Lima-Junior RC, Dos Santos AA, Tolentino M. L-Glutamine and Physical Exercise Prevent Intestinal Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Without Improving Gastric Dysmotility in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis. Inflammation 2020; 44:617-632. [PMID: 33128666 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). Strength exercise consisted of jump training 4 × 10 repetitions/5 days a week/8 weeks with progressive overload. Endurance exercise consisted of swimming without overload for a period of 1 h a day/5 days a week/8 weeks. Another group (sedentary) of animals was supplemented with L-glutamine (1 g/kg of body weight) orally for 8 weeks before induction of UC. Colitis was induced by intra-colonic administration of 1 mL of 4% acetic acid. We assessed gastric emptying, macroscopic and microscopic scoring, oxidative stress markers, and IL-1β, IL-6, and (TNF-α) levels. The UC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the gastric emptying compared with the saline control group. We observed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain in UC rats compared with the control groups. Both exercise interventions and L-glutamine supplementation significantly prevented (p < 0.05) weight loss compared with the UC group. Strength and endurance exercises significantly prevented (p < 0.05) the increase of microscopic scores and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). L-glutamine supplementation in UC rats prevented hemorrhagic damage and improved oxidative stress markers (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and glutamine decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with the UC group (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and L-glutamine supplementation prevented intestinal inflammation and improved cytokines and oxidative stress levels without altering gastric dysmotility in rats with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geovane da Silva Cardoso
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Lara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Sousa Silva
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaiba, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Maria Soares Nobre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Cesar Lima-Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Moisés Tolentino
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, 64049-550, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Evaluation of Pancreatic and Extra Pancreatic Effects of Branched Amino Acids. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims: Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine collectively known as Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), can be closely associated with metabolic dysregulates and with insulin resistance. We aimed to explore the role of BCAAs as potential treatment option for diabetes.
Material and method: Bioassay the effect of BCAAs on MIN6 cell line on insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cells expansion, then were checked for inhibitory potential of pancreatic amylase, glucosidase and lipase as alternative approach for diabetes treatment.
Results: BCAAs significantly enhance insulin secretion parallel to L-alanine efficacy. Furthermore, BCAAs obtain a dose dependent β-cell proliferation similar to glucagon-like peptide-1. Moreover, these acids could restore the secretory function of MIN6 β-cell despite stressful gluco-lipo-toxicity; separately or combined. Moreover, BCAAs exerted a dose dependent dual inhibition of amylase, glucosidase and lipase.
Conclusions: Our current findings suggest that BCAAs supplementation may have a potential therapeutic effect against diabetes as insulin releasing agent and as specific inhibitors for both-amylase/α-amyloglucoside and lipase
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Schemitt EG, Hartmann RM, Colares JR, Licks F, Salvi JO, Marroni CA, Marroni NP. Protective action of glutamine in rats with severe acute liver failure. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:273-286. [PMID: 30967905 PMCID: PMC6447424 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute liver failure (SALF) is a rare, but high-mortality, rapidly evolving syndrome that leads to hepatocyte degeneration with impaired liver function. Thioacetamide (TAA) is a known xenobiotic, which promotes the increase of the formation of reactive oxygen species. Erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates the antioxidant protection of cells. Studies have evidenced the involvement of inflammatory mediators in conditions of oxidative stress. AIM To evaluate the antioxidant effects of glutamine on Nrf2 activation and NFκB-mediated inflammation in rats with TAA-induced IHAG. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups: control, control+glutamine, TAA, and TAA + glutamine. Two TAA doses (400 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally, 8 h apart. Glutamine (25 mg/kg) was administered at 30 min, 24 h, and 36 h. At 48 h, blood was collected for liver integrity analysis [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. The liver was harvested for histology and assessment of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1 (NQO1), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and inflammatory process. RESULTS TAA caused disruption of the hepatic parenchyma, with inflammatory infiltration, massive necrosis, and ballooning degeneration. Glutamine mitigated this tissue damage, with visible regeneration of hepatic parenchyma; decreased TBARS (P < 0.001), GSH (P < 0.01), IL-1β, IL6, and TNFα levels (P <0.01) in hepatic tissue; and decreased blood levels of AST, ALT, and ALP (P <0.05). In addition, CAT, GPx, and GST activities were restored in the glutamine group (P <0.01, P <0.01, and P <0.001, respectively vs TAA alone). Glutamine increased expression of Nrf2 (P < 0.05), NQO1, and SOD (P < 0.01), as well as levels of IL-10 (P <0.001), while decreasing expression of Keap1, TLR4, NFκB (P < 0.001), COX-2 and iNOS, (P < 0.01), and reducing NO2 and NO3 levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the TAA experimental model of IHAG, glutamine activated the Nrf2 pathway, thus promoting antioxidant protection, and blunted the NFκB-mediated pathway, reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizângela G Schemitt
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
| | - Renata M Hartmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
| | - Josieli R Colares
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
| | - Francielli Licks
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
| | - Jéferson O Salvi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
| | - Cláudio A Marroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil.
| | - Norma P Marroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90040060, Brazil
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Xue GD, Barekatain R, Wu SB, Choct M, Swick RA. Dietary L-glutamine supplementation improves growth performance, gut morphology, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens during necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1334-1341. [PMID: 29452407 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) causes significant economic losses in the broiler chicken industry, especially in birds raised without in-feed antibiotics. L-glutamine (Gln) is an amino acid that may compensate for metabolic losses from infection and improve the intestinal development. This study investigated the effects of dietary Gln (10 g/kg) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal lesions, jejunum morphology, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens during NE challenge. The study employed a factorial arrangement of treatments with factors: NE challenge, no or yes; dietary Gln inclusion, 0 g/kg in starter (S), d 0 to 10, grower (G) d 10 to 24, and finisher (F) d 24 to 35; 10 g/kg in S, G, F, or 10 g/kg in S, G only. Each treatment was replicated in 6 floor pens with 17 birds per pen as the experimental unit for performance and 2 birds for other measurements. Challenge significantly reduced bird performance, increased incidence of intestinal lesions, and affected intestinal development and serum biochemical indices. Regardless of challenge, Gln supplementation increased gain (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.05), and decreased FCR (P < 0.05) on d 24. On d 35, Gln improved gain (P < 0.05) and FCR (P < 0.001) whereas withdrawing Gln from finisher tended to diminish the beneficial effect on weight gain but not FCR. Dietary Gln reduced lesion scores in the jejunum (P < 0.01) and ileum (P < 0.01) in challenged birds. On d 16, Gln increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in unchallenged birds (P < 0.05) and reduced crypt depth of challenged birds on d 24 (P < 0.05). Regardless of challenge, supplementation with Gln reduced crypt depth on d 16 (P < 0.05), and increased villus height (P < 0.01) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.001) on d 24. Dietary Gln lowered serum uric acid level regardless of challenge (P < 0.05). The current study indicates that dietary Gln alleviates adverse effects of NE and may be useful in antibiotic-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Xue
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - R Barekatain
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - S B Wu
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - M Choct
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - R A Swick
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Plasma profile and urine excretion of amino acids in children with celiac disease on gluten-free diet after oligofructose-enriched inulin intervention: results of a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1451-1460. [PMID: 30043079 PMCID: PMC6153951 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The circulating amino acid (AAs) concentrations are indicators of dietary protein intake and metabolic status. In celiac disease (CD), the AA imbalance is frequently observed. Prebiotics are found to alleviate nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the impact of oligrofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy 1), administered for 3 months as a gluten-free diet (GFD) supplement to children with CD, on the plasma and urine concentrations of AAs. CD children (N = 34) were randomised into two groups, receiving Synergy 1 (10 g/day) or placebo (maltodextrin) for 3 months. The AA profile and concentration was determined in plasma and urine before and after the dietary intervention by gas chromatography. 22 and 28 AAs were determined in plasma and urine samples, respectively. After the intervention, the plasma concentrations of several AAs (Ala, Pro, Asn, Glu, Tyr, Lys, His, Orn) increased significantly in both experimental groups, while Gln increased only in the Synergy 1 group. The urinary excretion of Asn, Lys and Aaa increased significantly in the Synergy 1 group, and the excretion of Asp and Met decreased (p < 0.05) in the placebo group. The Gln:Glu ratio in urine increased in both groups after the intervention. An increased urinary excretion of AAs observed in Synergy 1 group with a simultaneous increase in the content of circulating AAs could be attributed to higher absorption or intensified metabolism of AAs, and on the other hand further healing of the intestinal mucosa being the result of continuous treatment with GFD. Moreover, the observed changes in Glu concentration suggest that oligofructose-enriched inulin could improve the intestinal condition and permeability. To conclude, a prebiotic-supplemented GFD influences beneficially the overall AAs metabolism in CD children; however, further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the results obtained.
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Jeong SY, Im YN, Youm JY, Lee HK, Im SY. l-Glutamine Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis via Induction of MAPK Phosphatase-1. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030288. [PMID: 29494494 PMCID: PMC5872706 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the small intestine and colon. Many investigators have reported that l-glutamine (Gln) therapy improves outcomes of experimental colitis models, although the mechanism is not fully understood. Regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of Gln, we have shown that Gln can effectively deactivate cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) by rapid induction of MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1. In this study, we explore the possibility that Gln ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via MKP-1 induction, resulting in inhibition of cPLA2, which has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Oral Gln intake attenuated DSS-induced colitis. Gln inhibited cPLA2 phosphorylation, as well as colonic levels of TNF-α and leukotriene (LT)B4. Gln administration resulted in early and enhanced MKP-1 induction. Importantly, MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not control siRNA, significantly abrogated the Gln-mediated (1) induction of MKP-1; (2) attenuation of colitis (colon length, histological abnormality, and inflammation; and (3) inhibition of cPLA2 phosphorylation and colonic levels of TNF-α and LTB4. These data indicated that Gln ameliorated DSS-induced colitis via MKP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Yoo Na Im
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea.
| | - Ji Young Youm
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hern-Ku Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea.
| | - Suhn-Young Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Chiba T, Suzuki K, Matsumoto T. Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiles in Crohn's Disease: Relationship With the Crohn Disease Activity Index. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2018; 11:1179552218791173. [PMID: 30083065 PMCID: PMC6066806 DOI: 10.1177/1179552218791173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles and the Crohn's disease (CD) activity index (CDAI) in patients with CD. METHODS We measured fasting PFAA concentrations in 29 patients with CD and their correlation with disease activity. RESULTS In all patients, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and concentrations of valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, total amino acids (TAAs), nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). In patients with the ileo-colonic type of CD, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, glutamine, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. In ileal type, significant correlations were observed between CDAI and threonine, valine, histidine, serine, and glycine. In colonic type, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CD, plasma amino acids appear to be associated with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine,
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
- Toshimi Chiba, Division of Internal
Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical
University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences,
Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department
of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka,
Japan
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21
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Gu M, Bai N, Xu B, Xu X, Jia Q, Zhang Z. Protective effect of glutamine and arginine against soybean meal-induced enteritis in the juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:95-105. [PMID: 28882796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean meal can induce enteritis in the distal intestine (DI) and decrease the immunity of several cultured fish species, including turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Glutamine and arginine supplementation have been used to improve immunity and intestinal morphology in fish. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of these two amino acids on the immunity and intestinal health of turbot suffering from soybean meal-induced enteritis. Turbots (initial weight 7.6 g) were fed one of three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets for 8 weeks: SBM (control diet), with 40% soybean meal; GLN, SBM diet plus 1.5% glutamine; ARG, the SBM diet plus 1.5% arginine. Symptoms that are typical of soybean meal-induced enteritis, including swelling of the lamina propria and subepithelial mucosa and a strong infiltration of various inflammatory cells was observed in fish that fed the SBM diet. Glutamine and arginine supplementation significantly increased (1) the weight gain and feed efficiency ratio; (2) the height and vacuolization of villi and the integrity of microvilli in DI; (3) serum lysozyme activity, and the concentrations of C3, C4, and IgM. These two amino acids also significantly decreased the infiltration of leucocytes in the lamina propria and submucosa and the expression of inflammatory cytokines including il-8, tnf-α, and tgf-β. For the mucosal microbiota, arginine supplementation significantly increased microbiota community richness and diversity, and glutamine supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacillus. These results indicate that dietary glutamine and arginine improved the growth performance, feed utilization, and distal intestinal morphology, activated the innate and adaptive immune systems, changed the intestinal mucosal microbiota community, and relieved SBMIE possibly by suppression of the inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China.
| | - Bingying Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Qian Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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22
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Liu Y, Wang X, Hu CAA. Therapeutic Potential of Amino Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090920. [PMID: 28832517 PMCID: PMC5622680 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and is difficult to treat. The pathophysiology of IBD is multifactorial and not completely understood, but genetic components, dysregulated immune responses, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved. Animal models of IBD can be chemically induced, and are used to study etiology and to evaluate potential treatments of IBD. Currently available IBD treatments can decrease the duration of active disease but because of their adverse effects, the search for novel therapeutic strategies that can restore intestinal homeostasis continues. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known of the effects of amino acids on the reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death in the gut when IBD is present. Recent studies in animal models have identified dietary amino acids that improve IBD, but amino acid supplementation may not be adequate to replace conventional therapy. The animal models used in dietary amino acid research in IBD are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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23
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Yang PJ, LaMarca M, Kaminski C, Chu DI, Hu DL. Hydrodynamics of defecation. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:4960-4970. [PMID: 28470247 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals discharge feces within a range of sizes and shapes. Such variation has long been used to track animals as well as to diagnose illnesses in both humans and animals. However, the physics by which feces are discharged remain poorly understood. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the defecation of mammals from cats to elephants using the dimensions of large intestines and feces, videography at Zoo Atlanta, cone-on-plate rheological measurements of feces and mucus, and a mathematical model of defecation. The diameter of feces is comparable to that of the rectum, but the length is double that of the rectum, indicating that not only the rectum but also the colon is a storage facility for feces. Despite the length of rectum ranging from 4 to 40 cm, mammals from cats to elephants defecate within a nearly constant duration of 12 ± 7 seconds (N = 23). We rationalize this surprising trend by our mathematical model, which shows that feces slide along the large intestine by a layer of mucus, similar to a sled sliding down a chute. Larger animals have not only more feces but also thicker mucus layers, which facilitate their ejection. Our model accounts for the shorter and longer defecation times associated with diarrhea and constipation, respectively. This study may support clinicians use of non-invasive procedures such as defecation time in the diagnoses of ailments of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA.
| | - Morgan LaMarca
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Candice Kaminski
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA.
| | - Daniel I Chu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David L Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, MRDC 1308, Atlanta, GA 30332-0405, USA. and School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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24
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da Costa Gonçalves F, Grings M, Nunes NS, Pinto FO, Garcez TNA, Visioli F, Leipnitz G, Paz AH. Antioxidant properties of mesenchymal stem cells against oxidative stress in a murine model of colitis. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 39:613-622. [PMID: 28032203 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of oxidative stress injury in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). RESULTS Mice exposed to oral administration of 2% DSS over 7 days presented a high disease activity index and an intense colonic inflammation. Systemic infusion of MSC protected from severe colitis, reducing weight loss and diarrhea while lowering the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, toxic colitis injury increased oxidative stress. Administration of DSS decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels in the colon. No alteration was found in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Otherwise, MSC transplantation was able to prevent the decrease of GSH levels and SOD activity suggestive of an antioxidant property of MSC. CONCLUSION The oxidative stress is a pathomechanism underlying the pathophysiology of colitis and MSC play an important role in preventing the impairment of antioxidants defenses in inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiany da Costa Gonçalves
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Grings
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Natália Schneider Nunes
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Otesbelgue Pinto
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Tuane Nerissa Alves Garcez
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2492, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2400, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-903, Brazil
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25
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Cehreli R, Akpinar H, Artmann AT, Sagol O. Effects of Glutamine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Erythrocyte Deformability and Oxidative Damage in Rat Model of Enterocolitis. Gastroenterology Res 2016; 8:265-273. [PMID: 27785307 PMCID: PMC5051045 DOI: 10.14740/gr683w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to investigate preventive effects of glutamine (Gln), omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on erythrocyte deformability (EDEF) in rat model of indomethacin-induced enterocolitis. Methods Nineteen Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups: control group, colitis induced by indomethacin and were fed with a standard laboratory diet (group 1), and colitis induced by indomethacin and were also fed with Gln, omega-3 FA (group 2). An investigation was performed in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by subcutaneous injections of 2 mL intdomethacine solution applied at 24 and 48 hours intervals to male Wistar rats for 14 days. Gln and omega-3 FA were added to the daily standard diets of the animals during 14 days of injections. During the study, changes in body weight were evaluated. The intestines were examined, and colitis was macroscopic and histologically scored. The circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β), erythrocyte transit time (ETT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in addition to calculation of EDEF indices in all groups. Results No significant differences in body weight changes could be determined between the standard diet and special diet groups at the end of the experiment. After macroscopic and microscopic scoring, in all of the groups that colitis was found induced, the lowest microscopic score was observed in the group 2. But Gln and omega-3 FA supplemented diet did not change the mean macroscopic and histological scores in all rats. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. Effects of the diet on circulating TNF-α and IL-1β levels were found correlated with inflammation but statistically significant differences were not found in the group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05). The ETT and TBARS levels in standard and special diet groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, EDEF indices which are an important parameter of the study were decreased in indomethacin-induced enterocolitis groups that fed with standard and special diet. Conclusions Increases in ETT and TBARS levels did not return to normal by addition of Gln and omega-3 FA to diet. Our results suggest that determination of effective optimal doses and route of administration for these nutrients may play an important role in reducing EDEF and microvascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksan Cehreli
- Department of Prevantive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Hale Akpinar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Temiz Artmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics and Cellular Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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26
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Free amino acids: an innovative treatment for ocular surface disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Supplementation with l-glutamine prevents tumor growth and cancer-induced cachexia as well as restores cell proliferation of intestinal mucosa of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2773-2784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Uranga JA, López-Miranda V, Lombó F, Abalo R. Food, nutrients and nutraceuticals affecting the course of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:816-26. [PMID: 27267792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease) are debilitating relapsing inflammatory disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract, with deleterious effect on quality of life, and increasing incidence and prevalence. Mucosal inflammation, due to altered microbiota, increased intestinal permeability and immune system dysfunction underlies the symptoms and may be caused in susceptible individuals by different factors (or a combination of them), including dietary habits and components. In this review we describe the influence of the Western diet, obesity, and different nutraceuticals/functional foods (bioactive peptides, phytochemicals, omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, probiotics and prebiotics) on the course of IBD, and provide some hints that could be useful for nutritional guidance. Hopefully, research will soon offer enough reliable data to slow down the spread of the disease and to make diet a cornerstone in IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Uranga
- Área de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Visitación López-Miranda
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain; Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, URJC, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) del CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Grupo de Investigación "Biotecnología de Nutracéuticos y Compuestos Bioactivos-BIONUC", Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación y Tratamiento del Dolor (i+DOL). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain; Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Depto. de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, URJC, Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) del CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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He L, Li H, Huang N, Tian J, Liu Z, Zhou X, Yao K, Li T, Yin Y. Effects of Alpha-Ketoglutarate on Glutamine Metabolism in Piglet Enterocytes in Vivo and in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2668-2673. [PMID: 27018713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) plays a vital part in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is a key intermediate in the oxidation of L-glutamine (Gln). The study was to evaluate effects of AKG on Gln metabolism in vivo and in vitro. A total of twenty-one piglets were weaned at 28 days with a mean body weight (BW) of 6.0 ± 0.2 kg, and randomly divided into 3 groups: corn soybean meal based diet (CON group); the basal diet with 1% alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG treatment group); and the basal diet with 1% L-glutamine (GLN treatment group). Intestinal porcine epithelial cells-1 (IPEC-1) were incubated to investigate effects of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG addition on Gln metabolism. Our results showed that there were no differences (P > 0.05) among the 3 treatments in initial BW, final BW, and average daily feed intake. However, average daily gain (P = 0.013) and gain:feed (P = 0.041) of the AKG group were greater than those of the other two groups. In comparison with the CON group, the AKG and GLN groups exhibited an improvement in villus length, mucosal thickness, and crypt depth in the jejunum of piglets. Serum concentrations of Asp, Glu, Val, Ile, Tyr, Phe, Lys, and Arg in the piglets fed the 1% AKG or Gln diet were lower than those in the CON group. Compared with the CON group, the mRNA expression of jejunal and ileal amino acid (AA) transporters in the AKG and GLN groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, the in vitro study showed that the addition of 0.5, 2, and 3 mM AKG dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) the net utilization of Gln and formulation of ammonia, Glu, Ala, and Asp by IPEC-1. In conclusion, dietary AKG supplementation, as a replacement for Gln, could improve Gln metabolism in piglet enterocytes and enhance the utilization of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Niu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Junquan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 10008, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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31
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Habibi M, Oner OZ, Oruc MT, Bulbuller N, Ozdem S, Ozdemir S, Alikanooglu AS, Karakoyun R, Dogan U, Ongen A, Koc U. Effects of a Glutamine Enema on Anastomotic Healing in an Animal Colon Anastomosis Model. Ann Coloproctol 2015; 31:213-21. [PMID: 26817016 PMCID: PMC4724702 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2015.31.6.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery is a very important issue. Although many studies have shown the positive effects of enteral glutamine (Gln) on anastomotic healing, none has assessed the effects of administering Gln via an enema for anastomotic healing. To fill this study gap, this study investigated the intraluminal effect of administration of Gln enema on the healing of colonic anastomosis in a rat model. METHODS Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups containing 10 rats each and were subjected to distal left colon transection and anastomosis. Postoperatively, group I (the control group) was administered no treatment, group II was administered daily placebo enemas containing physiological saline, and group III was administered daily 2% L-Gln enemas. After sacrifice on postoperative day 5, anastomotic healing, burst pressure, tissue hydroxyproline levels, and histological parameters were measured, and group values were compared via statistical analysis. RESULTS Group III was found to have the highest mean bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline levels and the lowest mean ischemia score. While the values of these parameters were not found to differ significantly among the groups, the lack of significance may have been due to the limited number of subjects examined. CONCLUSION Administration of a Gln enema may have a positive effect on anastomosis in terms of bursting pressure and histopathological parameters. Future research should examine administration of a preoperative Gln enema as a means of decreasing the traumatic effects of the enema and identifying its applicability in surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Habibi
- Department of General Surgery, Esenler Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Zekai Oner
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tahir Oruc
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Bulbuller
- Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Ozdem
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozdemir
- Department of General Surgery, Karapınar State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rojbin Karakoyun
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ugur Dogan
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayper Ongen
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Umit Koc
- Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Zhang H, Hu CAA, Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y. Bioactive dietary peptides and amino acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Amino Acids 2014; 47:2127-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhao J, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang W, Wu P, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Effect of dietary isoleucine on the immunity, antioxidant status, tight junctions and microflora in the intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:663-673. [PMID: 25451003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on the immune response, antioxidant status, tight junctions, and microbial population in the intestine of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). A total of 1200 juvenile Jian carp with average initial weight 6.9 ± 0.03 g were fed semi-purified isonitrogenous diets containing 4.2 (unsupplemented control group), 7.0, 9.5, 11.9, 13.9 and 16.9 g Ile kg(-1) diet for 60 days. Results indicated that Ile supplementation decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl content, and the amounts of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas in the intestine (P < 0.05), and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione content and the amounts of Lactobacillus and Bacillus in the intestine (P < 0.05). Furthermore, real time polymerase chain reaction revealed that relative mRNA expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), CAT, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) in the intestine were increased with increasing of dietary Ile up to a certain point (P < 0.05). Conversely, the relative mRNA expression of occludin, claudin-3, claudin-7, TNF-α, IL-10, Kelch-like-ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) in the intestine showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary Ile improves intestinal immune function, antioxidant capacity and microbial population, and regulates gene expression of antioxidant enzyme, tight junctions, Nrf2, Keap1, p38 and ERK1 in the intestine of Jian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Ren J, Yang B, Lv Y, Guo S. Protective and reparative effects of peptides from soybean β-conglycinin on mice intestinal mucosa injury. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:345-50. [PMID: 24224901 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.854748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides derived from alcalase digestion of soybean β-conglycinin, containing 8.52% carbohydrate, exhibits an inhibition effect on pathogen adhesion or translocation to intestinal cells in vitro. In this study, the protective and reparative effects of β-conglycinin peptides on intestinal mucosa injury in vivo were studied using mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal mucosa injury. The results showed that β-conglycinin peptides contained approximately 21.77% glutamic acid (Glu), and significantly reduced the histological injury in mice both in the protective and reparative experiments. The myeloperoxidase activity of mice treated with β-conglycinin peptides decreased compared with those treated DSS in the positive control group. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that β-conglycinin peptides inhibited the expression of inflammatory factor NF-κB/p65. These results suggested that peptides derived from soybean β-conglycinin exhibited protective and reparative effects on mice intestinal mucosa injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Haidian District, Beijing , China and
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Hartmann RM, Fillmann HS, Martins MIM, Meurer L, Marroni NP. Boswellia serrata has beneficial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in a model of experimental colitis. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1392-8. [PMID: 24619538 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that involves only the colon and rectum, being characterized by leukocyte infiltrate and superficial ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extract from the Boswellia serrata plant in an experimental rat model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by the administration of acetic acid (AA). An extract of B. serrata (34.2 mg/kg/day) was administered by oral gavage for 2 days before and after the induction of colitis with 4 mL of 4% AA. The anal sphincter pressure in the colitis group showed a significant decrease compared to that of the control groups (p < 0.001). The analysis of the values of lipid peroxidation (LPO) obtained by substances that react with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) showed a significantly increased LPO in the colitis group compared to the control groups (p < 0.001). The nitric oxide levels and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) showed a significant increase in the colitis group compared to control groups (p < 0.01). Both pretreatment and treatment with B. serrata exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and iNOS and showed improvements in tissue injury and anal sphincter pressure in animals with ulcerative colitis. The B. serrata extract has protective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that inhibit inflammatory mediators in acute experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Brasil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre-HCPA, Laboratório de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia Experimental, Brasil
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Chang B, Sang L, Wang Y, Tong J, Zhang D, Wang B. The protective effect of VSL#3 on intestinal permeability in a rat model of alcoholic intestinal injury. BMC Gastroenterol 2013; 13:151. [PMID: 24138544 PMCID: PMC4016537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-13-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of the probiotic VSL#3 in acute alcoholic intestinal injury, and evaluate the effect of VSL#3, glutamine,VSL#3+glutamine and heat-killed VSL#3 therapy in a rat model. Methods Six- to eight-week-old male wild-type rats were divided into seven groups. To establish the acute alcohol liver disease model, rats received three doses of corn starch dissolved in PBS/40% alcohol administered intra-gastrically every 12 hours. Treatment groups received an intra-gastric dose of VSL#3, Glutamine, heat-killed VSL#3, or VSL#3+Glutamine 30 minutes prior to alcohol administration. The placebo group was treated with PBS prior to alcohol administration. TNFα and endotoxin in plasma was measured by ELISA and Tachypleus Ameboctye Lysate assays, and electron microscopy, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to identify the mechanisms of VSL#3 in the regulation of epithelial permeability. Results First, compared with control group, endotoxin and TNFα in alcohol group was obviously high. At the same time, in VSL#3 group,the expression of endotoxin and TNFα obviously lower than the alcohol group. And the trends of the expression of tight junction proteins in these groups were reversed with the change of endotoxin and TNFα. Second, compared the groups of VSL#3 with glutamine,VSL#3+glutamine and heat-killed VSL#3,we found that both VSL#3 and heat-killed VSL#3, glutamine were as effective as VSL#3+glutamine in the treatment of acute alcohol liver disease, the expression of endotoxin and TNFα were lower than the alcohol group, and tight junction proteins were higher than the alcohol group whereas the expression of tight junction proteins were higher in VSL#3 + glutamine group than either agent alone, but have no significant difference. Conclusion We conclude that VSL#3 treatment can regulate the ecological balance of the gut microflora, preventing passage of endotoxin and other bacterial products from the gut lumen into the portal circulation and down-regulating the expression of TNFα, which could otherwise down-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins and increase epithelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Hou YC, Liu JJ, Pai MH, Tsou SS, Yeh SL. Alanyl-glutamine administration suppresses Th17 and reduces inflammatory reaction in dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23721689 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Glutamine (Gln) is known to have immunomodulatory effects in metabolic stressed conditions. This study investigated the effects of post-treatment of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) on Th cell-associated cytokine expressions and inflammatory reaction in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. C57BL/6 mice received distilled water containing 3% DSS for 5 days to induce colitis, whereas the normal control (NC) group received distilled water. After induction of colitis, one of the colitis groups (DG) was intraperitoneally injected with an Ala-Gln solution (0.5 g Gln/kg/d), and the saline DSS group (DS) received an identical volume of saline. After treatment for 3 days, mice were sacrificed, and the blood and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. DSS colitis resulted in higher percentages of blood interleukin (IL)-17-secreting Th cells and greater expression of Th cell-associated cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Also, luminal immunoglobin (Ig) G, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 levels were higher in the DS group than the NC group, whereas these parameters did not differ between the DG and NC groups. The DG group had lower blood IL-17A, 17F, MLN IL-17 mRNA and macrophage percentage in the peritoneal lavage fluid than those of the DS group. These results suggest that post-treatment with Ala-Gln suppressed Th17-associated cytokine expressions, reduced macrophage infiltration into the peritoneal cavity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the colon, thus may have attenuated inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Hou
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li W, Qiu X, Wang J, Li H, Sun Y, Zhang F, Jin H, Fu J, Xia Z. The therapeutic efficacy of glutamine for rats with smoking inhalation injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:248-53. [PMID: 23499678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury represents a major cause of mortality in burn patients and is associated with a high incidence of pulmonary complications. Glutamine (GLN) is considered a conditionally essential amino acid during critical illness and injury. However, whether GLN could attenuate lung injury caused by smoke inhalation is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether GLN has a beneficial effect on smoke inhalation induced lung injury. In our present work, rats were equally randomized into three groups: Sham group (ambient air inhalation plus GLN treatment), Control group (smoke inhalation plus physiological saline) and GLN treatment group (smoke inhalation injury plus GLN treatment). At sampling, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was performed to determine total protein concentration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Lung tissues were collected for wet/dry ratio, histopathology, hydroxyproline and Western blotting measurement. Our results exhibited that GLN attenuated the lung histopathological alterations, improved pulmonary oxygenation, and mitigated pulmonary edema. At 28days post-injury, GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced excessive collagen deposition as evidence by Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content. GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced lung inflammatory response, and further prevented the activity of NF-kappa-B. More importantly, results from Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry exhibited that GLN enhanced the expression of HSF-1, HSP-70 and HO-1 in lung tissues. Our data demonstrated that GLN protected rats against smoke inhalation-induced lung injury and its protective mechanism seems to involve in inhibition inflammatory response and enhancing HSP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuquan Li
- Burn Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Tian Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Li N, Ji G. Chemopreventive effect of dietary glutamine on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1593-600. [PMID: 23471883 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic colonic inflammation is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Glutamine (GLN) supplementation has shown its anti-inflammation benefit in experimental colitis. Whether GLN is effective in preventing colon carcinogenesis remains to be investigated. The chemopreventive activity of GLN was evaluated in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colitis-associated CRC in this study. Mice were treated with DSS/AOM and randomized to receive either a control diet or GLN-enriched diet intermittently of the study. The disease activity index was evaluated weekly. On day 80 of the experiment, the entire colon and rectum were processed for histopathologic examination and further evaluation. Pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time-PCR and western blot analysis. Here, we show that after GLN-enriched diet, the colitis presented a statistical improvement and tumors burden decreased significantly. This was accompanied by lower activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), decreased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, lower expression of cytokines and chemokines as well as reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis in the colons of colitis-associated CRC mice. Our data demonstrate the protective/preventive effect of GLN in the progression of colitis-associated CRC, which was correlated with a dampening of inflammation and NF-κB activity and with a decrease of inflammatory protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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Xing J, You C, Dong K, Sun J, You H, Dong Y, Sun J. Ameliorative effects of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid on experimental colitis and their mechanisms in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:524-31. [PMID: 23434856 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (ISA) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days, 1 day after the induction of colitis by TNBS. The colonic injury and inflammation were assessed by macroscopic damage scores and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in plasma were measured with biochemical methods. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in colon was determined by radioimmunoassay. Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), inhibitor kappa B-alpha (IκBα) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 proteins in the colonic tissue were detected with immunohistochemistry. Enhanced colonic mucosal injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress were observed in the animals clystered with TNBS, which was manifested as the significant increase in colon mucosal damage index, MPO activity, levels of MDA, NO and PGE2, as well as the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the colonic mucosa, and the significant decrease in expressions of IκBα proteins in the colonic mucosa. However, these parameters were found to be significantly ameliorated in rats treated with ISA at given doses, especially at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Administration of ISA may have significant therapeutic effects on experimental colitis in rats, probably due to its mechanism of antioxidation, its inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism and its modulation of the IκBα/NF-κB p65 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Joo E, Yamane S, Hamasaki A, Harada N, Matsunaga T, Muraoka A, Suzuki K, Nasteska D, Fukushima T, Hayashi T, Tsuji H, Shide K, Tsuda K, Inagaki N. Enteral supplement enriched with glutamine, fiber, and oligosaccharide attenuates experimental colitis in mice. Nutrition 2013; 29:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li HT, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Li SH, Zhou XQ. Oxidative stress parameters and anti-apoptotic response to hydroxyl radicals in fish erythrocytes: protective effects of glutamine, alanine, citrulline and proline. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:169-179. [PMID: 23220409 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the protective effects of glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit) and proline (Pro) on hydroxyl radical (·OH)-induced apoptosis in isolated carp erythrocytes. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by ferrous ion (Fe(2+))-mediated decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) (Fenton reaction). In order to select an optimal ·OH concentration to induce apoptosis, cultures were treated with different concentrations of FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2) (0 μM/0 μM-50 μM/25 μM). The results showed that exposure to FeSO(4)/H(2)O(2) (0 μM/0 μM-40 μM/20 μM) increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, apoptosis was at its highest level at 40 μM FeSO(4)/20 μM H(2)O(2). We then examined the cytoprotective effects of Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro or the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro under conditions of apoptosis. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the substances listed above in the presence of 40 μM FeSO(4)/20 μM H(2)O(2) for 9 h. The controls were grown in Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro-free culture medium. The results showed that Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro effectively protected against annexin binding, decrease of forward scatter and DNA fragmentation in carp erythrocytes induced by ·OH. Furthermore, Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro effectively blocked ·OH-stimulated erythrocyte hemolysis, reduced the increase of superoxide anion and H(2)O(2) concentrations, inhibited the formation of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyls and met-hemoglobin, and prevented the decrease of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and glutathione content in carp erythrocytes induced by ·OH. In addition, the results suggest that the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro produces a greater anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effect than their individual effects at the same concentrations. Taken together, the results showed that ·OH induces apoptosis and oxidative damage in carp erythrocytes. In addition to inhibiting apoptosis, Gln, Ala, Cit, Pro and the combination of Ala, Cit and Pro protected carp erythrocytes against oxidative damage induced by ·OH, which may be a major factor in the protection of erythrocytes from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Mauriz JL, Collado PS, Veneroso C, Reiter RJ, González-Gallego J. A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin's anti-inflammatory actions: recent insights and new perspectives. J Pineal Res 2013; 54:1-14. [PMID: 22725668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly evolutionary conserved endogenous molecule that is mainly produced by the pineal gland, but also by other nonendocrine organs, of most mammals including man. In the recent years, a variety of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been observed when melatonin is applied exogenously under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. A number of studies suggest that this indole may exert its anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of different molecular pathways. It has been documented that melatonin inhibits the expression of the isoforms of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase and limits the production of excessive amounts of nitric oxide, prostanoids, and leukotrienes, as well as other mediators of the inflammatory process such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Melatonin's anti-inflammatory effects are related to the modulation of a number of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and others. Melatonin's effects on the DNA-binding capacity of transcription factors may be regulated through the inhibition of protein kinases involved in signal transduction, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases. This review summarizes recent research data focusing on the modulation of the expression of different inflammatory mediators by melatonin and the effects on cell signaling pathways responsible for the indole's anti-inflammatory activity. Although there are a numerous published reports that have analyzed melatonin's anti-inflammatory properties, further studies are necessary to elucidate its complex regulatory mechanisms in different cellular types and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Mauriz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kretzmann NA, Chiela E, Matte U, Marroni N, Marroni CA. N-acetylcysteine improves antitumoural response of Interferon alpha by NF-kB downregulation in liver cancer cells. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23206959 PMCID: PMC3539937 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world and at the moment, there is no drug intervention effective for the treatment of liver tumours. Investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which has been studied for its antitumoural properties, on the toxicity of hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro when used with the drug interferon alpha-2A (IFN), which is used clinically to treat HCC. Results NAC, IFN and NAC plus IFN reduced cell viability, as determined by MTT assay. More importantly, NAC potentiates the cytotoxic effect of IFN, with the best response achieved with 10 mM of NAC and 2.5 x 104 of IFN. These results were confirmed by Annexin/PI staining through flow cytometry and morphologic analyses. Co-treatment reduced the expression of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB). In a similar way to NAC, RNAi against p65 potentiated the toxic effect of IFN, suggesting that, indeed, NAC may be enhancing the effect of IFN through inhibition of NF-kB. Conclusions Our results support the notion that NAC may be an important drug for the treatment of liver tumours as primary or adjuvant therapy. IFN has a limited clinical response, and therefore, the anti-proliferative properties of NAC in the liver should be explored further as an alternative for non-responders to IFN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Alexandre Kretzmann
- Post-Graduation Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP: 90050-170, Brazil.
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Crespo I, San-Miguel B, Prause C, Marroni N, Cuevas MJ, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Glutamine treatment attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in TNBS-induced colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50407. [PMID: 23209735 PMCID: PMC3508929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic cell death play an important role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to explore the potential of glutamine to reduce ER stress and apoptosis in a rat model of experimental IBD. Colitis was induced in male Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 30 mg of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Glutamine (25 mg/dL) was given by rectal route daily for 2 d or 7 d. Both oxidative stress (TBARS concentration and oxidised/reduced glutathione ratio) and ER stress markers (CHOP, BiP, calpain-1 and caspase-12 expression) increased significantly within 48 h of TNBS instillation, and glutamine attenuated the extent of the changes. Glutamine also inhibited the significant increases of ATF6, ATF4 and spliced XBP-1 mRNA levels induced by TNBS instillation. TNBS-colitis resulted in a significant increase in p53 and cytochrome c expression, and a reduced Bcl-xL expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These effects were significantly inhibited by glutamine. Treatment with the amino acid also resulted in significant decreases of caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activities. Double immunofluorescence staining showed co-localization of CHOP and cleaved caspase-3 in colon sections. Phospho-JNK and PARP-1 expression was also significantly higher in TNBS-treated rats, and treatment with glutamine significantly decreased JNK phosphorylation and PARP-1 proteolysis. To directly address the effect of glutamine on ER stress and apoptosis in epithelial cells, the ER stress inducers brefeldin A and tunicamycin were added to Caco-2 cells that were treated with glutamine (5 mM and 10 mM). The significant enhancement in PERK, ATF6 phosphorylated IRE1, BiP and cleaved caspase-3 expression induced by brefeldin A and tunicamycin was partly prevented by glutamine. Data obtained indicated that modulation of ER stress signalling and anti-apoptotic effects contribute to protection by glutamine against damage in TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Prause
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Norma Marroni
- Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - María J. Tuñón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Marcolin E, San-Miguel B, Vallejo D, Tieppo J, Marroni N, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Quercetin treatment ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Nutr 2012; 142:1821-8. [PMID: 22915297 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.165274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether quercetin protects from steatosis and limits the expression of proinflammatory and fibrogenic genes in C57BL/6J mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by feeding a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Quercetin (50 mg/kg) was given by oral route daily. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups that received for 2 or 4 wk: the control diet plus vehicle, control diet plus quercetin, MCD diet plus vehicle, and MCD diet plus quercetin. At both 2 and 4 wk, feeding the MCD diet resulted in liver steatosis, inflammatory cell accumulation, oxidative stress evaluated by the concentration of TBARS, and fibrosis evidenced by the staining of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in the liver. At both 2 and 4 wk, the MCD diet induced an increase in the mRNA levels of Il6, Tnf, Ptgs2, and Hmgb1 and increased the protein concentrations of Toll-like receptor-4, c-Jun terminal kinase, and p65 NFκB subunit compared with control rats. Feeding the mice the MCD diet also triggered an increase of Col1a1, Col3a1, Plod3, Tgfb1, Smad3, Smad7, Pdgfb, Ctgf, Areg, Mmp9, and Timp1 mRNA levels. These effects were totally or partially prevented by treatment with quercetin. The data obtained suggest that attenuation of multiple profibrotic and proinflammatory gene pathways contributes to the beneficial effects of quercetin in mice with MCD diet-induced steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Marcolin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Physiology, Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and Universidade Luterana do Brasil Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Laliena A, San Miguel B, Crespo I, Alvarez M, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin attenuates inflammation and promotes regeneration in rabbits with fulminant hepatitis of viral origin. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:270-8. [PMID: 22506987 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the liver inflammatory and regenerative response in an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) of viral origin. Rabbits were experimentally infected with 2×10(4) hemagglutination units of a rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) isolate and received melatonin at two concentrations of 10 or 20mg/kg at 0, 12 and 24hr postinfection. RHDV infection induced an inflammatory response, with increased expression of toll-like receptor 4, high-mobility group box (HMGB)1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein, and decreased expression of decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55). These effects were significantly reduced by melatonin. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was also lowered in melatonin-treated rabbits. RHDV infection inhibited the hepatic regenerative/proliferative response, with a reduced expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and vascular endothelial growth factor and their receptors; these responses were prevented by melatonin administration. Melatonin treatment also resulted in reduced expression of phosphorylated Janus kinase and enhanced expression of extracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. Our findings show that anti-inflammatory effects and stimulation of regenerative mechanisms contribute to the beneficial effects of melatonin in rabbits with experimental infection by RHDV and support a potential hepatoprotective role of melatonin in FHF.
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Alhagamhmad MH, Day AS, Lemberg DA, Leach ST. An update of the role of nutritional therapy in the management of Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:872-82. [PMID: 22699323 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an increasingly global health concern. Currently without a cure, it significantly alters the quality of life of Crohn's disease sufferers and places a heavy financial burden on the community. Recent reports show that the rising prevalence of Crohn's disease is no longer confined to Western countries, with considerable increases seen particularly in Asia. Nutritional problems are often associated with Crohn's disease, most notably in the paediatric population, with underweight and stunting commonly seen at presentation. In addition, linear growth retardation and pubertal delay can also manifest in these younger patients. Therefore, exclusive enteral nutrition has been used as a therapeutic option to treat Crohn's disease, in part to address the nutritional complications of the disease. Exclusive enteral nutrition can improve nutrition as well as induce remission at a rate equivalent to corticosteroids. It is safe particularly with long-term use and can induce mucosal healing, considered the gold standard for therapy, at a rate superior to corticosteroids. Exclusive enteral nutrition has thus become the preferred therapeutic option in many centres for the treatment of paediatric Crohn's disease. This review discusses the role of exclusive enteral nutrition as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Crohn's disease, as well as the latest findings into its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moftah H Alhagamhmad
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hartmann RM, Morgan Martins MI, Tieppo J, Fillmann HS, Marroni NP. Effect of Boswellia serrata on antioxidant status in an experimental model of colitis rats induced by acetic acid. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2038-44. [PMID: 22451119 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the antioxidant effect of an extract of the plant Boswellia serrata in an experimental model of acute ulcerative colitis induced by administration of acetic acid (AA) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract of B. serrata (34.2 mg/kg/day) was administered orally by gavage for 2 days before and after induction of colitis with AA diluted to 4 % and in a volume of 4 ml. RESULTS The anal sphincter pressure in the groups treated with B. serrata showed a significant increase compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001). Histological analysis of treated animals showed less edema with preservation of mucosal crypts. Lipid peroxidation showed a significant decrease in the treated groups compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001). The superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity showed a significant reduction in the treated groups compared to the colitis group (P < 0.001), the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly increased in the treated groups compared to colitis group (P < 0.05), and the same was the result for enzyme activity glutathione (GSH; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The extract of B. serrata has active antioxidant substances that exert protective effects in acute experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Minuzzo Hartmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua José Kanan Aranha no 102, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP.: 91760-470, Brazil
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Kurokawa T, An J, Tsunekawa K, Shimomura Y, Kazama S, Ishikawa N, Nonami T, Sugiyama S. Effect of L-arginine supplement on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. World J Surg Oncol 2012; 10:99. [PMID: 22651848 PMCID: PMC3449194 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-10-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to be a key mediator in hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. NO is the oxidative metabolite of L-arginine, and is produced by a family of enzymes, collective termed nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Thus, administration of L-arginine might enhance liver regeneration after a hepatectomy. Another amino acid, L-glutamine, which plays an important role in catabolic states and is a crucial factor in various cellular and organ functions, is widely known to enhance liver regeneration experimentally. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of an L-arginine supplement on liver regeneration, and to compared this with supplementation with L-glutamine and L-alanine (the latter as a negative control), using a rat partial hepatectomy model. Methods Before and after a 70% hepatectomy, rats received one of three amino acid solutions (L-arginine, L-glutamine, or L-alanine). The effects on liver regeneration of the administered solutions were examined by assessment of restituted liver mass, staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and total RNA and DNA content 24 and 72 hours after the operation. Results At 72 hours after the hepatectomy, the restituted liver mass, the PCNA labeling index and the DNA quantity were all significantly higher in the L-arginine and L-glutamine groups than in the control. There were no significant differences in those parameters between the L-arginine and L-glutamine groups, nor were any significant differences found between the L-alanine group and the control. Conclusion Oral supplements of L-arginine and L-glutamine enhanced liver regeneration after hepatectomy in rats, suggesting that an oral arginine supplement can clinically improve recovery after a major liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kurokawa
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi Pref 480-1195, Japan.
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