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Zhu X, Liu S, Gao X, Gu Y, Yu Y, Li M, Chen X, Fan M, Jia Y, Tian L, Xiang M, Yu Y. Typical emerging contaminants in sewage treatment plant effluent, and related watersheds in the Pearl River Basin: Ecological risks and source identification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135046. [PMID: 38964038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants pose a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems in the Pearl River Basin, China, owing to the high population density and active industry. This study investigated samples from eight sewage treatment plants, and five surface water bodies of related watersheds. To screen the risk of emerging contaminants (ECs), and clarify their sources, this study calculated the risk quotient of detected chemical and performed source identification/apportionment using the positive matrix factorization method. In total, 149 organic pollutants were identified. Pharmaceuticals showed significant concentrations in sewage treatment plant samples (120.87 ng/L), compared with surface water samples (1.13 ng/L). The ecological risk assessment identified three chemicals with a heightened risk to aquatic organisms: fipronil sulfide, caffeine, and roxithromycin. Four principal sources of contaminants were identified: pharmaceutical wastewater, domestic sewage, medical effluent, and agricultural runoff. Pharmaceutical wastewater was the primary contributor (60.4 %), to the cumulative EC concentration and to ECs in sewage treatment plant effluent. Agricultural drainage was the main source of ECs in surface water. This study provides a strategy to obtain comprehensive information on the aquatic risks and potential sources of EC species in areas affected by artificial activities, which is of substantial importance to pollutant management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siyan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yilu Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China.
| | - Ying Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Min Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Liping Tian
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
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Lentz MP, Graham DJ, van Vliet MTH. Drought impact on pharmaceuticals in surface waters in Europe: Case study for the Rhine and Elbe basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171186. [PMID: 38408670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrological droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity in many regions due to climate change. Over the last two decades, several droughts occurred in Europe, including the 2018-drought, which showed major adverse impacts for nature and different sectoral uses (e.g. irrigation, drinking water). While drought impacts on water quantity are well studied, little understanding exists on the impacts on water quality, particularly regarding pharmaceutical concentrations in surface waters. This study investigates the impact of the 2018-drought on concentrations of four selected pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and metoprolol) in surface waters in Europe, with a major focus on the Elbe and Rhine rivers. Monitoring data were analysed for the period of 2010-2020 to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of pharmaceuticals and assess the concentration responses in rivers during the 2018-drought compared to reference years. Our results indicate an overall deterioration in water quality, which can be attributed to the extremely low flow and higher water temperatures (∼ + 1.5 °C and + 2.0 °C in Elbe and Rhine, respectively) during the 2018-drought. Our results show an increase in the concentrations of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and metoprolol, but reduced concentrations of diclofenac during the 2018-drought. Significant increases in carbamazepine concentrations (+45 %) were observed at 3/6 monitoring stations in the upstream part of the Elbe, which was mainly attributed to less dilution of chemical loads from wastewater treatment plants under drought conditions. However, reduced diclofenac concentrations could be attributed to increased degradation processes under higher water temperatures (R2 = 0.60). Moreover, the rainfed-dominated Elbe exhibited more severe water quality deterioration than the snowmelt-dominated Rhine river, as the Elbe's reduction in dilution capacity was larger. Our findings highlight the need to account for the impacts of climate change and associated increases in droughts in water quality management plans, to improve the provision of water of good quality for ecosystems and sectoral needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Lentz
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Duncan J Graham
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle T H van Vliet
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Valdés ME, Rodríguez Castro MC, Santos LHMLM, Barceló D, Giorgi ADN, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Amé MV. Contaminants of emerging concern fate and fluvial biofilm status as pollution markers in an urban river. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139837. [PMID: 37598946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are still under research given the vast diversity of compounds reaching freshwater ecosystems and adverse effects they might cause. In this study, the environmental fate of 73 CEC, comprising sweeteners, stimulants and several pharmaceutical therapeutic classes, and changes in fluvial biofilm photosynthetic parameters were evaluated in a semi-arid urban river receiving diffuse and point sources of pollution (Suquía river, Argentina). Out of the 37 CEC detected, 30 were quantified in surface water (n.d. - 9826 ng/L), 10 in biofilm (n.d. - 204 ng/gd.w.) and 9 in the clay fraction of sediments (n.d. - 64 ng/gd.w.). CEC distribute differently among the 3 matrices: water phase presents the biggest diversity of compounds (14 CEC families), being analgesic/anti-inflammatories the most abundant family. Antibiotics largely predominated in biofilms (7 CEC families), while the stimulant caffeine and some antibiotics where the most abundant in sediments (6 CEC families). Different CEC accumulated in biofilms and sediments upstream and downstream the city, and big shifts of biofilm community occurred downstream WWTP. The shift of biofilm community upstream (F0 > 0) and downstream the WWTP (F0 = 0) shows a sensitive response of F0 to the impact of WWTP. Biofilm photosynthetic parameters responded in less impacted urban sites (sites 1, 2 and 3), where significant correlations were found between ketoprofen and some antibiotics and biofilm parameters. The diversity and amount of CEC found in the urban section of Suquía river alert to the magnitude of point and non-point sources of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eugenia Valdés
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI- CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC/ISIDSA-CONICET/UNC) and Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ma Carolina Rodríguez Castro
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET)- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Av. Constitución y Ruta Nacional N° 5, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adonis D N Giorgi
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET)- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Av. Constitución y Ruta Nacional N° 5, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - M Valeria Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI- CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende esq. Haya de la Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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4
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Sabater S, Freixa A, Jiménez L, López-Doval J, Pace G, Pascoal C, Perujo N, Craven D, González-Trujillo JD. Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:450-461. [PMID: 36307907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both gradual and extreme weather changes trigger complex ecological responses in river ecosystems. It is still unclear to what extent trend or event effects alter biodiversity and functioning in river ecosystems, adding considerable uncertainty to predictions of their future dynamics. Using a comprehensive database of 71 published studies, we show that event - but not trend - effects associated with extreme changes in water flow and temperature substantially reduce species richness. Furthermore, event effects - particularly those affecting hydrological dynamics - on biodiversity and primary productivity were twice as high as impacts due to gradual changes. The synthesis of the available evidence reveals that event effects induce regime shifts in river ecosystems, particularly affecting organisms such as invertebrates. Among extreme weather events, dryness associated with flow interruption caused the largest effects on biota and ecosystem functions in rivers. Effects on ecosystem functions (primary production, organic matter decomposition and respiration) were asymmetric, with only primary production exhibiting a negative response to extreme weather events. Our meta-analysis highlights the disproportionate impact of event effects on river biodiversity and ecosystem functions, with implications for the long-term conservation and management of river ecosystems. However, few studies were available from tropical areas, and our conclusions therefore remain largely limited to temperate river systems. Further efforts need to be directed to assemble evidence of extreme events on river biodiversity and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Freixa
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Julio López-Doval
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Pace
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Núria Perujo
- Catalan Institute of Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
- University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004, Girona, Spain
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Kalogianni E, Kapakos Y, Oikonomou A, Giakoumi S, Zimmerman B. Dramatic decline of two freshwater killifishes, main anthropogenic drivers and appropriate conservation actions. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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de Carvalho Filho JAA, da Cruz HM, Fernandes BS, Motteran F, de Paiva ALR, Pereira Cabral JJDS. Efficiency of the bank filtration technique for diclofenac removal: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 300:118916. [PMID: 35104558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bank filtration (BF) has been employed for more than a century for the production of water with a better quality, and it has been showing satisfactory results in diclofenac attenuation. Considered the most administered analgesic in the world, diclofenac has been frequently detected in water bodies. Besides being persistent in the environment, this compound is not completely removed by the conventional water treatments, drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs). BF has a high complexity, whose efficiency depends on the characteristics of the observed pollutant and on the environment where the system in installed, which is why this is a topic that has been constantly studied. Nevertheless, studies present the behavior of diclofenac during the BF process. In this context, this research performed the evaluation of the factors and the biogeochemical processes that influence the efficiency of the BF technique in diclofenac removal. The aerobic conditions, higher temperatures, microbial biomass density, hydrogen potential close to neutrality and sediments with heterogeneous fractions are considered the ideal conditions in the aquifer for diclofenac removal. Nonetheless, there is no consensus on which of these factors has the greatest contribution on the mechanism of attenuation during BF. Studies with columns in laboratory and modeling affirm that the highest degradation rates occur in the first centimeters (5-50 cm) of the passage of water through the porous medium, in the environment known as hyporheic zone, where intense biogeochemical activities occur. Research has shown 100% removal efficiency for diclofenac persistent to compounds not removed during the BF process. However, half of the studies had removal efficiency that ranged between 80 and 100%. Therefore, the performance of more in-depth studies on the degradation and mobility of this compound becomes necessary for a better understanding of the conditions and biogeochemical processes which act in its attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Adson Andrade de Carvalho Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Hedmun Matias da Cruz
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Fernandes
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Motteran
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson Luiz Ribeiro de Paiva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DECIV), Av. da Arquitetura, s/n. Cidade Universitária, 50740-550, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Arenas-Sánchez A, Dolédec S, Vighi M, Rico A. Effects of anthropogenic pollution and hydrological variation on macroinvertebrates in Mediterranean rivers: A case-study in the upper Tagus river basin (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144044. [PMID: 33421783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal hydrological variation and chemical pollution represent two main drivers of freshwater biodiversity change in Mediterranean rivers. We investigated to what extent low flow conditions can modify the effects of chemical pollution on macroinvertebrate communities. To that purpose, we selected twelve sampling sites in the upper Tagus river basin (central Spain) having different sources of chemical pollution and levels of seasonal hydrological variation. The sites were classified as natural (high flow variation, low chemical impact), agricultural (high flow variation, high agricultural chemical inputs) and urban (limited flow variation, high urban chemical inputs). In these sites, we measured daily water discharge, nutrients, and contaminant concentrations, and we sampled benthic macroinvertebrates, in spring, summer and autumn. Significant differences related to toxic pressure and nutrient concentrations were observed between the three groups of sites. Seasonal patterns were found for some water quality parameters (e.g. nitrites, ammonia, suspended solids, metal toxicity), particularly in agricultural sites. Taxonomic and functional richness were slightly lower in the polluted sites (agricultural and urban), particularly during low flow periods (summer and early autumn). Functional diversity was significantly lower in sites with seasonal flow variation (agricultural sites) as compared to the more constant ones (urban sites). The frequency of traits such as large size, asexual reproduction, aquatic passive dispersion and the production of cocoons increased in response to pollution during low flow periods. This study shows that the impacts of anthropogenic chemical pollution on taxonomic and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate communities seem to be larger during low flow periods. Therefore, further studies and monitoring campaigns assessing the effects of chemical pollution within these periods are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Köck-Schulmeyer M, Ginebreda A, Petrovic M, Giulivo M, Aznar-Alemany Ò, Eljarrat E, Valle-Sistac J, Molins-Delgado D, Diaz-Cruz MS, Monllor-Alcaraz LS, Guillem-Argiles N, Martínez E, Miren LDA, Llorca M, Farré M, Peña JM, Mandaric L, Pérez S, Majone B, Bellin A, Kalogianni E, Skoulikidis NT, Milačič R, Barceló D. Priority and emerging organic microcontaminants in three Mediterranean river basins: Occurrence, spatial distribution, and identification of river basin specific pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142344. [PMID: 33254885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a worldwide growing use of chemicals by our developed, industrialized, and technological society. More than 100,000 chemical substances are thus commonly used both by industry and households. Depending on the amount produced, physical-chemical properties, and mode of use, many of them may reach the environment and, notably, the aquatic receiving systems. This may result in undesirable and harmful side-effects on both the human and the ecosystem's health. Mediterranean rivers are largely different from Northern and Central European rivers in terms of hydrological regime, climate conditions (e.g. air temperature, solar irradiation, precipitation), and socio-economics (e.g. land use, tourism, crop types, etc.), with all these factors leading to differences in the relative importance of the environmental stressors, in the classes and levels of the pollutants found and their environmental fate. Furthermore, water scarcity might be critical in affecting water pollution because of the lowered dilution capacity of chemicals. This work provides raw chemical data from different families of microcontaminants identified in three selected Mediterranean rivers (the Sava, Evrotas, and Adige) collected during two sampling campaigns conducted in 2014 and 2015 in three different matrices, namely, water, sediments, and biota (fish). More than 200 organic micropollutants were analyzed, including relevant groups like pharmaceuticals, personal care products, perfluorinated compounds, pesticides, pyrethroid insecticides, flame retardants, and persistent organic pollutants. Data obtained were summarized with some basic statistics for all compound families and matrices analyzed. Observed occurrence and spatial patterns were interpreted both in terms of compound physical-chemical properties and local environmental pressures. Finally, their spatial distribution was examined and their ecotoxicological risk in the water phase was assessed. This allowed locating, at each basin, the most polluted sites ("hot spots") and identifying the respective river basin specific pollutants (RBSPs), prioritizing them in terms of the potential ecotoxicological risk posed to the aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H(2)O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and advanced studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Giulivo
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Valle-Sistac
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Molins-Delgado
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Diaz-Cruz
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Guillem-Argiles
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - López de Alda Miren
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Llorca
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinella Farré
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Peña
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mandaric
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H(2)O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Majone
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alberto Bellin
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters (IMBRIW), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Souniou Av., 190 13, P.O. Box 712, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters (IMBRIW), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Souniou Av., 190 13, P.O. Box 712, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Radmila Milačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damià Barceló
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, Edifici H(2)O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Llorens E, Ginebreda A, la Farré M, Insa S, González-Trujillo JD, Munné A, Solà C, Flò M, Villagrasa M, Barceló D, Sabater S. Occurrence of regulated pollutants in populated Mediterranean basins: Ecotoxicological risk and effects on biological quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141224. [PMID: 32771786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical stressors co-occur in mixtures into watercourses and this complicates predicting their effects on their ecological status. Our knowledge of river basin specific pollutants (RBSPs) is still limited, but it remains necessary to ensure the good chemical and ecological status. We performed an exercise on Mediterranean river sites exposed to urban and industrial pressures in order to, i) prioritize the occurring chemicals, ii) assessing the site's specific chemical risk (RQsite), and iii) relating the chemical risk to the biological quality, using as evidences invertebrates and diatom indices. Mediterranean rivers suffer from strong pressures which lead to a poor dilution ability, which makes the inhabiting biota highly vulnerable. The most frequent pollutants in the 89 sites surveyed included pharmaceutical products such as the antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin, and the anti-inflammatory diclofenac, and products of industrial origin such as perfluorinated PFOS, nickel, and nonylphenol. Both the diatom index IPS and the macroinvertebrate index IBMWP hold strong negative correlations to RQsite, indicating a significant contribution of chemicals to biological impairment. Chemical contaminants (but not nutrients or dissolved organic carbon) were associated with significant changes to the taxonomic composition of invertebrate communities, but not to that of diatom communities. Our analyses indeed reveal that the impact of co-occurring chemicals translates onto negative effects in the biological quality. Our approach may be of use to evidence impacts on water resources and water quality in rivers under strong human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Llorens
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marinel la Farré
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Juan David González-Trujillo
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Flò
- Catalan Water Agency, Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Villagrasa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
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Stanković N, Kostić I, Jovanović B, Savić-Zdravković D, Matić S, Bašić J, Cvetković T, Simeunović J, Milošević D. Can phytoplankton blooming be harmful to benthic organisms? The toxic influence of Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. on Chironomus riparius larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:138666. [PMID: 32498154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are abundant biota groups in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems, serving as a food source for many aquatic organisms, including the larvae of non-biting midges (Chironomidae). Many species of cyanobacteria are toxin producers, which can act as stressors to other organisms. The present study aimed to analyze and compare the effects of dietary exposure to the common toxic cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and non-toxic microalgae Chlorella sp. in Chironomus riparius larvae. Microcystin was detected and quantified in the methanolic extract of Anabaena sp. using the HPLC-DAD technique, and it was identified as microcystin-LR. Both Anabaena sp. and Chlorella sp. were suitable food sources to enable the survival of C. riparius larvae in laboratory conditions, causing negligible mortality and significant differences in the larval mass (ANOVA and Post hoc LSD test; p < 0.05) and hemoglobin concentration (Student's t-test; p < 0.05). Oxidative stress parameters such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and DNA damage, were also investigated. One-way ANOVA, followed by the Post hoc LSD test, showed a significant increase in AOPP and CAT for the group of larvae fed with Chlorella sp. The same test showed moderate DNA damage in both groups of larvae, with greater damage in the group fed with Anabaena sp. Thus, Chlorella sp. and microcystin-LR producing Anabaena sp. are food sources that did not result in any drastic acute effect on the population level of C. riparius larvae. However, sub-individual-level endpoints revealed significant effects of the treatments, since they caused oxidative stress and DNA damage that may pose a danger to successive generations of test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Kostić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Boris Jovanović
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dimitrija Savić-Zdravković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Bašić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Cvetković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd. Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Đinđića 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djuradj Milošević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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11
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Tao Y, Zhang Y, Cao J, Wu Z, Yao S, Xue B. Climate change has weakened the ability of Chinese lakes to bury polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113288. [PMID: 31563775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Burial in sediments is a crucial way to reduce mobilization and risks of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), but ability of sediments to bury HOCs may be altered if the environment is changed. Whether the ability of sediments to bury HOCs has been affected by climate change remains largely unclear. We excluded the impacts of anthropogenic emissions and eutrophication from that of climate change, and for the first time found that not only the rising surface air temperature but also the declining wind speed and the reducing days with precipitation had weakened the ability of Chinese lakes to bury 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) by 69.2% ± 9.4%-85.7% ± 3.6% from 1951 to 2017. The relative contributions of the climatic variables to the reduced burial ability depended on the properties of the PAHs, and lakes. Burial ability of the PAHs responded differently to climate change, and was correlated to their volatilization and aqueous solubility, and lake area, catchment area/lake area ratio, and water depth. Our study suggests that not only the rising surface air temperature but also the declining wind speed and the reducing days with precipitation can undermine global efforts to reduce environmental and human exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Ya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jicheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shuchun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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12
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Calapez AR, Elias CL, Almeida SFP, Brito AG, Feio MJ. Sewage contamination under water scarcity effects on stream biota: biofilm, grazers, and their interaction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26636-26645. [PMID: 31292867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common anthropogenic impacts on river ecosystems is the effluent discharge from wastewater treatment plants. The effects of this contamination on stream biota may be intensified in Mediterranean climate regions, which comprise a drought period that leads to flow reduction, and ultimately to stagnant pools. To assess individual and combined effects of flow stagnation and sewage contamination, biofilm and gastropod grazers were used in a 5-week experiment with artificial channels to test two flow velocity treatments (stagnant flow/basal flow) and two levels of organic contamination using artificial sewage (no sewage input/sewage input). Stressors' effects were determined on biofilm total biomass and chlorophyll (Chl) content, on oxygen consumption and growth rate of the grazers (Theodoxus fluviatilis), and on the interaction grazer-biofilm given by grazer's feeding activity (i.e., biofilm consumption rate). The single effect of sewage induced an increase in biofilm biomass and Chl-a content, simultaneously increasing both grazers' oxygen consumption and their feeding activity. Diatoms showed a higher sensitivity to flow stagnation, resulting in a lower content of Chl-c. Combined stressors interacted antagonistically for biofilm total biomass, Chl-b contents, and grazers's feeding rate. The effect of sewage increasing biofilm biomass and grazing activity was reduced by the presence of flow stagnation (antagonist factor). Our findings suggest that sewage contamination has a direct effect on the functional response of primary producers and an indirect effect on primary consumers, and this effect is influenced by water flow stagnation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Calapez
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carmen L Elias
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Salomé F P Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António G Brito
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Feio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Mor JR, Dolédec S, Acuña V, Sabater S, Muñoz I. Invertebrate community responses to urban wastewater effluent pollution under different hydro-morphological conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:483-492. [PMID: 31158676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater effluents bring large amounts of nutrients, organic matter and organic microcontaminants into freshwater ecosystems. The effects of this complex mixture of pollutants on freshwater invertebrates have been studied mainly in temperate rivers and streams with high dilution capacities. In contrast, Mediterranean streams and rivers have lower dilution capacities especially during the seasonal drought, and are therefore exposed to high concentrations of pollutants. Here, we assess the effects of urban wastewater pollution on invertebrate communities from Mediterranean streams under different hydrological conditions. Specifically, we assessed the invertebrates taxonomic composition and functional biological traits in 12 streams, differing in stream and substrate size (sand or cobbles), under low (2 surveys) and baseflow (1 survey) conditions. In each stream, we selected reaches both upstream and downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Our results indicate that urban wastewater pollution favours the most tolerant invertebrate taxa and homogenises functional trait composition over time. Changes in functional traits were more evident during the seasonal drought, when the low flow conditions at the upstream and downstream sites were more severe and, pollutant concentrations downstream were at their highest. However, the effects of urban wastewater pollution were not uniform in the downstream sites; as local invertebrate communities differed in according to the river substrate and stream size (i.e., width and discharge). Overall, urban pollution caused by wastewater enhanced both, taxonomic and functional differences between the invertebrate communities. Such an absence of homogenisation among wastewater pollution impacted sites was probably related to the relevant role of stream substrate-size as well flow conditions in the rivers receiving the impact. These are attributes that need to be considered when setting the pollutant discharge limits in rivers and streams receiving effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- UMR 5023 - LEHNA, Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Effects of variations in water quantity and quality in the structure and functions of invertebrates’ community of a Mediterranean urban stream. Urban Ecosyst 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-019-00892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Gaston L, Lapworth DJ, Stuart M, Arnscheidt J. Prioritization Approaches for Substances of Emerging Concern in Groundwater: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6107-6122. [PMID: 31063369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Risks from emerging contaminants (ECs) in groundwater to human health and aquatic ecology remain difficult to quantify. The number of ECs potentially found in groundwater presents challenges for regulators and water managers regarding selection for monitoring. This study is the first systematic review of prioritization approaches for selecting ECs that may pose a risk in groundwater. Online databases were searched for prioritization approaches relating to ECs in the aquatic environment using standardized key word search combinations. From a total of 672, 33 studies met the eligibility criteria based primarily on the relevance to prioritizing ECs in groundwater. The review revealed the lack of a groundwater specific contaminant prioritization methodology in spite of widely recognized differences between groundwater and surface water environments with regard to pathways to receptors. The findings highlight a lack of adequate evaluation of methodologies for predicting the likelihood of an EC entering groundwater and knowledge gaps regarding the occurrence and fate of ECs in this environment. The review concludes with a proposal for a prioritization framework for ECs in groundwater monitoring that enables priority lists to be updated as new information becomes available for substances with regard to their usage, physicochemical properties, and hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Gaston
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute , Ulster University , Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road , Coleraine , County Londonderry BT52 1SA , United Kingdom
| | - Dan J Lapworth
- British Geological Survey , Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford , Wallingford , Oxfordshire OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Stuart
- British Geological Survey , Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford , Wallingford , Oxfordshire OX10 8BB , United Kingdom
| | - Joerg Arnscheidt
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute , Ulster University , Coleraine Campus, Cromore Road , Coleraine , County Londonderry BT52 1SA , United Kingdom
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16
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Rico A, Arenas-Sánchez A, Alonso-Alonso C, López-Heras I, Nozal L, Rivas-Tabares D, Vighi M. Identification of contaminants of concern in the upper Tagus river basin (central Spain). Part 1: Screening, quantitative analysis and comparison of sampling methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:1058-1070. [PMID: 30970472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides and point source contaminants (primarily pharmaceuticals) were monitored in 16 sampling sites of the upper Tagus river basin during spring, summer and autumn of 2016. A qualitative screening analysis was performed using a library of 430 compounds. Next, a novel method was implemented for the selection and quantification of contaminants with LC-MS/MS. The method is based on the frequency of detection in the screening, ecotoxicity data and the potential use in the watershed. Moreover, the efficacy of grab samples and passive samples (POCIS) in detecting compound-specific exposure patterns was compared during the summer sampling campaign. The screening method detected the presence of 268 compounds in the study area, out of which 52 were selected for the quantitative analysis (20 pesticides and 32 point source chemicals). Although very helpful in the prioritization exercise, the qualitative screening demonstrated some biases and the need for improvement by using more effective instruments for confirming positive results. Grab samples proved not to be fully suitable for contaminants with discontinuous exposure such as pesticides, which may be underestimated, but offer a sufficient basis for the characterization of contaminants coming from urban wastewaters. All selected chemicals showed a very high concentration variability due to differences among sampling sites, which are related to agricultural intensity and demographic pressure. Some insecticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, imidacloprid), herbicides (diuron, metribuzine, simazine, terbuthylazine), and fungicides (carbendazim) were measured at concentrations exceeding 100 ng/L; while paracetamol, ibuprofen, some antibiotics (azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) and life-style compounds (caffeine, paraxanthine, nicotine) were found at very high concentrations (up to several μg/L). The results of this work represent the basis for the development of an ecological risk assessment for the aquatic ecosystem in the upper Tagus river basin and for the identification of basin-specific contaminant mixtures of environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Alonso-Alonso
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology (CQAB), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rivas-Tabares
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Arenas-Sánchez A, López-Heras I, Nozal L, Vighi M, Rico A. Effects of increased temperature, drought, and an insecticide on freshwater zooplankton communities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:396-411. [PMID: 30365191 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we performed a microcosm experiment to assess the effects of the insecticide lufenuron on zooplankton communities exposed to increased temperature and drought in (semi-)arid regions. The experiment consisted of 3 environmental scenarios, assessed in 2 parts. Firstly, we assessed how water temperature (20 and 28 °C) affects the sensitivity and resilience of the zooplankton community to lufenuron. Secondly, we investigated the influence of drought on the structure of the zooplankton community at a high water temperature (28 °C) and evaluated its possible interaction with lufenuron. The results show that the community exposed to lufenuron at 28 °C had a faster lufenuron-related response and recovery than the community at 20 °C. The combined effects of lufenuron and temperature resulted in a synergistic effect on some taxa (Daphnia sp., Cyclopoida, and Copepoda nauplii). The tested zooplankton community had a high resilience to drought, although some particular taxa were severely affected after desiccation (Calanoida). Interactions between drought and lufenuron were not statistically significant. However, rewetting after desiccation contributed to lufenuron remobilization from sediments and resulted in a slight Cyclopoida population decline at high exposure concentrations. The study shows how environmental conditions related to global change in (semi-)arid regions may influence chemical fate and the vulnerability of zooplankton communities to chemical stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:396-411. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Nozal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Visible light assisted photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac using TiO2-WO3 mixed oxide catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Berto S, Carena L, Valmacco F, Barolo C, Conca E, Vione D, Buscaino R, Fiorito M, Bussi C, Abollino O, Malandrino M. Application of an electro-activated glassy-carbon electrode to the determination of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in surface waters. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Palma P, Matos C, Alvarenga P, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Simões I, Barceló D, López de Alda MJ. Ecological and ecotoxicological responses in the assessment of the ecological status of freshwater systems: A case-study of the temporary stream Brejo of Cagarrão (South of Portugal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:394-406. [PMID: 29627563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the integrated use of macroinvertebrate indexes and ecotoxicological parameters in the evaluation of the ecological status of a temporary stream with a strong agricultural influence. Water quality was analysed at two sampling sites along the stream, considering: chemical supporting parameters; hazardous substances (pesticides); benthic macroinvertebrate communities, through quality (Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party and Iberian Average Score Per Taxon) and multi-metric indices (Southern Portuguese Index of Invertebrates and Ecological Quality Ratio); and ecotoxicological responses using lethal and sub-lethal bioassays. The water chemical characterization showed high levels of organic matter and nutrients, mainly in the dry period ((biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5): 18.5-25.5mgL-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD): 60.8-193.7mgL-1; total phosphorus (TP): 0.17-0.33mgL-1)), which may compromise the support of biological life. In accordance with the physicochemical results, the stream had an ecological status less than good. Of the 25 pesticides analysed, only five, namely terbuthylazine, 2-methyl-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, bentazone, mecoprop and metolachlor were quantified. In general, the concentrations of pesticides detected were low, except at the source of the stream in January 2012 (sum of pesticides 2.29μgL-1), mainly due to the concentration of bentazone (1.77μgL-1), both values surpassing the European Commission threshold values. The analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates showed low levels of abundance and family diversity, with communities dominated by resistant groups to organic pollution and pesticides, such as the Chironomidae family. In general, the reproduction ecotoxicological results showed a very marked decrease in the number of juveniles per female. The Spearman correlation identified pesticides, namely MCPA (R=-0.89; p<0.05), as the main responsible for the observed effect. The results showed the linearity and complementarity of the two groups of biological responses, allowing to cover the interactions between the ecosystem's species and the different types of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Palma
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; ICT, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, Évora, Portugal.
| | - C Matos
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - P Alvarenga
- LEAF, Centro de Investigação em Agronomia, Alimentos, Ambiente e Paisagem, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Köck-Schulmeyer
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Simões
- Departamento de Tecnologias e Ciências Aplicadas; Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - D Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - M J López de Alda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Effects of human-driven water stress on river ecosystems: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11462. [PMID: 30061568 PMCID: PMC6065398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human appropriation of water resources may induce water stress in freshwater ecosystems when ecosystem needs are not met. Intensive abstraction and regulation cause river ecosystems to shift towards non-natural flow regimes, which might have implications for their water quality, biological structure and functioning. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to assess the potential effects of water stress on nutrients, microcontaminants, biological communities (bacteria, algae, invertebrates and fish), and ecosystem functions (organic matter breakdown, gross primary production and respiration). Despite the different nature of the flow regime changes, our meta-analysis showed significant effects of human-driven water stress, such as significant increases in algal biomass and metabolism and reduced invertebrate richness, abundance and density and organic matter decomposition. Water stress also significantly decreased phosphate concentration and increased the concentration of pharmaceutical compounds. The magnitude of significant effects was dependent on climate, rainfall regime, period of the year, river size and type of water stress. Among the different causes of water stress, flow regulation by dams produced the strongest effects, followed by water abstraction and channelization.
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22
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Tornés E, Mor JR, Mandaric L, Sabater S. Diatom responses to sewage inputs and hydrological alteration in Mediterranean streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:369-378. [PMID: 29574361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the conjoint effects of sewage inputs and hydrological alteration on the occurrence of teratological forms and on the assemblage composition of stream benthic diatoms. The study was performed in 11 Mediterranean streams which received treated or untreated urban sewage (Impact sites, I), whose composition and morphological anomalies were compared to upstream unaffected (Control, C) sites. The impact sites had high concentrations of ammonium, phosphorus, and pharmaceutical compounds (antibiotics, analgesics, and anti-inflammatories), particularly in those receiving untreated sewage. Impact sites had a higher proportion of teratological forms as well as a prevalence of diatom taxa tolerant to pollution. The differences in the diatom assemblage composition between the paired C and I sites were the largest in the impacted sites that received untreated sewage inputs as well as in the systems with lower dilution capacity. In these sites, the diatom assemblage was composed by a few pollution-tolerant species. Mediterranean river systems facing hydrological stress are highly sensitive to chemical contamination, leading to the homogenization of their diatom assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Tornés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ladislav Mandaric
- ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003, Girona, Spain; ICRA, Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona, 17003, Spain.
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23
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Basiglini E, Pintore M, Forni C. Effects of treated industrial wastewaters and temperatures on growth and enzymatic activities of duckweed (Lemna minor L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:54-59. [PMID: 29407738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of the removal of contaminants from wastewater depends on physico-chemical properties of pollutants and the efficiency of treatment plant. Sometimes, low amounts of toxic compounds can be still present in the treated sewage. In this work we considered the effects of contaminant residues in treated wastewaters and of temperatures on Lemna minor L. Treated effluent waters were collected, analyzed and used as duckweed growth medium. In order to better understand the effects of micropollutants and seasonal variation, the plants were grown under ambient conditions for seven days in summer and winter. Relative growth rate, pigments and phenolic compounds concentrations were determined, as well as the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The pollutant concentrations varied in the two seasons, depending on the industrial and municipal activities and efficiency of treatments. Treated waters contained heavy metals, nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds, surfactants and hydrocarbons. Compared to the control, duckweed growth of treated plants decreased by 25% in summer, while in the winter due to the lower temperatures and the presence of pollutants was completely impeded. The amounts of photosynthetic pigments of treated plants were not significantly affected in the summer, while they were higher than the control in the winter when the effluent had a high nitrogen amount. High CAT activity was registered in both seasons. Treated plants had significantly lower APX activity in the summer (53%) and winter (59%) respect to the controls. The observed inhibition of the peroxidase activities in the exposed plants, confirms the controversy existing in the literature about the variability of enzymatic response in stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Basiglini
- Dipartmento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Pintore
- Dipartmento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C Forni
- Dipartmento di Biologia, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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24
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Vione D, Encinas A, Fabbri D, Calza P. A model assessment of the potential of river water to induce the photochemical attenuation of pharmaceuticals downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (Guadiana River, Badajoz, Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:473-481. [PMID: 29425948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We predicted the possible direct and indirect phototransformation kinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ), ibuprofen (IBU) and diclofenac (DIC) in river water, based on data of water chemistry obtained for the Guadiana River near Badajoz (Southwestern Spain) during a year-round sampling campaign. The three compounds were chosen, (i) because they occurred at the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Badajoz, as well as in river water sampled 1 km downstream of the WWTP, and (ii) because their photochemical fate in surface waters is known well enough to be modelled. The predicted phototransformation kinetics would be negligible in winter and fastest in April-August, with comparable rate constants in April through August despite differences in sunlight irradiance. Favourable water chemistry would in fact offset the lower irradiance, and vice versa. Half-life times of at least three weeks - one month are predicted for CBZ and IBU. Photodegradation may be an important attenuation pathway for biorecalcitrant CBZ, while IBU photochemistry is unlikely to be competitive with other processes including biodegradation. The predicted DIC photochemical half-life times of 7-10 days in April-August would be comparable with the biodegradation kinetics data reported in the literature. Photochemistry might not induce extensive phototransformation of xenobiotics in the Guadiana River under normal flow conditions, but it could become important in the case of low flow produced by water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; Università di Torino, Centro Interdipartimentale NatRisk, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco TO, Italy.
| | - Angel Encinas
- FCC Aqualia S.A., C/ Montesinos 28, 06002, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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25
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Karaouzas I, Smeti E, Vourka A, Vardakas L, Mentzafou A, Tornés E, Sabater S, Muñoz I, Skoulikidis NT, Kalogianni E. Assessing the ecological effects of water stress and pollution in a temporary river - Implications for water management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1591-1604. [PMID: 29054662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Temporary rivers are dynamic and complex ecosystems that are widespread in arid and semi-arid regions, such as the Mediterranean. Biotic communities adapted in their intermittent nature could withstand recurrent drought events. However, anthropogenic disturbances in the form of water stress and chemical pollution challenge biota with unpredictable outcomes, especially in view of climate change. In this study we assess the response of the biotic community of a temporary river to environmental stressors, focusing on water stress and pollution. Towards this aim, several metrics of four biotic groups (diatoms, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish) were applied. All biotic groups responded to a pollution gradient mainly driven by land use, distinct functional groups of all biota responded to water stress (a response related to the rheophilic nature of the species and their resistance to shear stress), while the combined effects of water stress and pollution were apparent in fish. Biotic groups presented a differential temporal response to water stress, where diatom temporal assemblage patterns were explained by water stress variables of short-time response (15days), while the responses of the other biota were associated to longer time periods. There were two time periods of fish response, a short (15days) and a long-time response (60-75days). When considering management decisions, our results indicate that, given the known response of river biota to pollution, biomonitoring of temporary rivers should also involve metrics that can be utilized as early warnings of water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karaouzas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Vourka
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Mentzafou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Elisabet Tornés
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technologic Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 712, 190 13 Anavyssos, Greece.
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26
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Mandaric L, Mor JR, Sabater S, Petrovic M. Impact of urban chemical pollution on water quality in small, rural and effluent-dominated Mediterranean streams and rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:763-772. [PMID: 28942311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact and occurrence of wastewater (treated and untreated) derived pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been investigated in small, rural and effluent-dominated tributaries of the lower Ebro River located in the North-Eastern Spain (Catalonia). We have observed the predominant effect of stream flow and consequently dilution factor on the concentration levels of detected PhACs that combined with the absence of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) resulted in 12 times higher concentrations in streams with direct discharge of untreated wastewater. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most ubiquitous compounds, in terms of both individual concentration and frequency of detection. In the sites impacted by raw wastewater, acetaminophen and ibuprofen showed the highest concentrations among all analyzed PhACs, reaching concentrations up to 7.78μgL-1 and 2.66μgL-1, respectively. However, PhACs detected in the sites impacted by treated wastewater showed generally lower concentration levels and frequencies of detection. Also, effluent-dominated streams showed higher concentration levels of PhACs due to a generally lower stream flows and small dilution factors. However, concentration levels of detected PhACs were dependent on the hydraulic travel time and distance from the discharge point and related with the in-stream attenuation. As a result, this study highlights the combined impact of hydrological and chemical stressors on the water quality of the rural Mediterranean aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Mandaric
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Girona (UdG), Campus de Montilivi, M.Aurélia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Lluis Company 25, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Kalogianni E, Vourka A, Karaouzas I, Vardakas L, Laschou S, Skoulikidis NT. Combined effects of water stress and pollution on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in a Mediterranean intermittent river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 603-604:639-650. [PMID: 28667932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is a key stressor in Mediterranean intermittent rivers exacerbating the negative effects of other stressors, such as pollutants, with multiple effects on different river biota. The current study aimed to determine the response of macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages to instream habitat and water chemistry, at the microhabitat scale and at different levels of water stress and pollution, in an intermittent Mediterranean river. Sampling was conducted at high and low summer discharge, at two consecutive years, and included four reaches that were targeted for their different levels of water stress and pollution. Overall, the macroinvertebrate fauna of Evrotas River indicated high resilience to intermittency, however, variation in community structure and composition occurred under acute water stress, due to habitat alteration and change in water physico-chemistry, i.e. water temperature increase. The combined effects of pollution and high water stress had, however, pronounced effects on species richness, abundance and community structure in the pollution impacted reach, where pollution sensitive taxa were almost extirpated. Fish response to drought, in reaches free of pollution, consisted of an increase in the abundance of the two small limnophilic species, coupled with their shift to faster flowing riffle habitats, and a reduction in the abundance of the larger, rheophilic species. In the pollution impacted reach, however, the combination of pollution and high water stress led to hypoxic conditions assumed to be the leading cause of the almost complete elimination of the fish assemblage. In contrast, the perennial Evrotas reaches with relatively stable physicochemical conditions, though affected hydrologically by drought, appear to function as refugia for fish during high water stress. When comparing the response of the two biotic groups to combined acute water stress and pollution, it is evident that macroinvertebrates were negatively impacted, but fish were virtually eliminated under the two combined stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Vourka
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7km Athens-Sounio Ave., Anavyssos 19013, Greece
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28
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Calapez AR, Branco P, Santos JM, Ferreira T, Hein T, Brito AG, Feio MJ. Macroinvertebrate short-term responses to flow variation and oxygen depletion: A mesocosm approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1202-1212. [PMID: 28514838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean rivers, water scarcity is a key stressor with direct and indirect effects on other stressors, such as water quality decline and inherent oxygen depletion associated with pollutants inputs. Yet, predicting the responses of macroinvertebrates to these stressors combination is quite challenging due to the reduced available information, especially if biotic and abiotic seasonal variations are taken under consideration. This study focused on the response of macroinvertebrates by drift to single and combined effects of water scarcity and dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion over two seasons (winter and spring). A factorial design of two flow velocity levels - regular and low (vL) - with three levels of oxygen depletion - normoxia, medium depletion (dM) and higher depletion (dH) - was carried out in a 5-artificial channels system, in short-term experiments. Results showed that both stressors individually and together had a significant effect on macroinvertebrate drift ratio for both seasons. Single stressor effects showed that macroinvertebrate drift decreased with flow velocity reduction and increased with DO depletion, in both winter and spring experiments. Despite single stressors opposing effects in drift ratio, combined stressors interaction (vL×dM and vL×dH) induced a positive synergistic drift effect for both seasons, but only in winter the drift ratio was different between the levels of DO depletion. Stressors interaction in winter seemed to intensify drift response when reached lower oxygen saturation. Also, drift patterns were different between seasons for all treatments, which may depend on individual's life stage and seasonal behaviour. Water scarcity seems to exacerbate the oxygen depletion conditions resulting into a greater drifting of invertebrates. The potential effects of oxygen depletion should be evaluated when addressing the impacts of water scarcity on river ecosystems, since flow reductions will likely contribute to a higher oxygen deficit, particularly in Mediterranean rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Calapez
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paulo Branco
- CEF - Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; CERIS - Civil Engineering for Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José M Santos
- CEF - Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- CEF - Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Thomas Hein
- WasserCluster Lunz - Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Lunz am See, Austria; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - António G Brito
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Feio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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29
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30
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Colin N, Maceda-Veiga A, Monroy M, Ortega-Ribera M, Llorente M, de Sostoa A. Trends in biomarkers, biotic indices, and fish population size revealed contrasting long-term effects of recycled water on the ecological status of a Mediterranean river. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:340-348. [PMID: 28759763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recycled water is important for maintaining river flow in semi-arid regions. However, it has ecological risk, as suggested by comparison of habitat and white and red blood cell count in two wild fish species (Barbus meridionalis and Squalius laietanus) before and after an input of recycled water in Ripoll River (NE Spain) in 2009. Due to the lack of normal ranges for blood variables in wild fish, we surveyed seasonally the same river reaches in 2013 to test if blood alterations from 2009 compromised the viability of the fish populations. By examining other indicators of river health in baseline and polluted sites (fish abundance, mass-length relationships, and community indices in fish, diatoms and invertebrates), we tested for the superior utility of blood tests in biomonitoring. The comparison of water quality and scores of diatoms and invertebrate indices between polluted and reference sites showed that polluted sites improved from 2009 to 2013. The abundance of B. meridionalis also increased in polluted sites, but that of S. laietanus declined in 2013 compared to 2009. These results contrast with results of blood analyses in 2009, which suggested that B. meridionalis was more seriously affected by pollution than S. laietanus. The fish index did not reveal the risk of recycled water to fish health, whereas fish mass-length relationships suggested that S. laietanus individuals in 2013 had a better body condition in polluted than in reference sites. Given that the two fish species had opposite results in reference sites, and that the physical habitat was more suitable for B. meridionalis in polluted sites in 2013 than was for S. laietanus, trends in population size are not only explained by pollution. The role of phenology is suggested by peaks in blood disorders during the breeding season. However, more long-term studies combining indicators of river health at the individual and community scales are needed to fully assess the ecological risk of recycled water in this river. These studies will also help to develop blood tests as reliable health indicators in wild fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Research on Biodiversity and Sustainable Environments (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Ssma. Concepción (UCSC), Concepción, Chile
| | - Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario Monroy
- Department of Marine Biology, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Martí Ortega-Ribera
- Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, IDIBAPS - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona - CIBERehd, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Llorente
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo de Sostoa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Sciences and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Kuzmanovic M, Dolédec S, de Castro-Catala N, Ginebreda A, Sabater S, Muñoz I, Barceló D. Environmental stressors as a driver of the trait composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in polluted Iberian rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:485-493. [PMID: 28415043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We used the trait composition of macroinvertebrate communities to identify the effects of pesticides and multiple stressors associated with urban land use at different sites of four rivers in Spain. Several physical and chemical stressors (high metal pollution, nutrients, elevated temperature and flow alterations) affected the urban sites. The occurrence of multiple stressors influenced aquatic assemblages at 50% of the sites. We hypothesized that the trait composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages would reflect the strategies that the assemblages used to cope with the respective environmental stressors. We used RLQ and fourth corner analysis to address the relationship between stressors and the trait composition of benthic macroinvertebrates. We found a statistically significant relationship between the trait composition and the exposure of assemblages to environmental stressors. The first RLQ dimension, which explained most of the variability, clearly separated sites according to the stressors. Urban-related stressors selected taxa that were mainly plurivoltine and fed on deposits. In contrast, pesticide impacted sites selected taxa with high levels of egg protection (better egg survival), indicating a potentially higher risk for egg mortality. Moreover, the trait diversity of assemblages at urban sites was low compared to that observed in pesticide impacted sites, suggesting the homogenization of assemblages in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanovic
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Sylvain Dolédec
- UMR 5023, LEHNA, Biodiversité et Plasticité dans les Hydrosystèmes, Université Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuria de Castro-Catala
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain; GRECO, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona, Facultat de Ciències, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Skoulikidis NT, Sabater S, Datry T, Morais MM, Buffagni A, Dörflinger G, Zogaris S, Del Mar Sánchez-Montoya M, Bonada N, Kalogianni E, Rosado J, Vardakas L, De Girolamo AM, Tockner K. Non-perennial Mediterranean rivers in Europe: Status, pressures, and challenges for research and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 577:1-18. [PMID: 27810301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-perennial rivers and streams (NPRS) cover >50% of the global river network. They are particularly predominant in Mediterranean Europe as a result of dry climate conditions, climate change and land use development. Historically, both scientists and policy makers underestimated the importance of NRPS for nature and humans alike, mainly because they have been considered as systems of low ecological and economic value. During the past decades, diminishing water resources have increased the spatial and temporal extent of artificial NPRS as well as their exposure to multiple stressors, which threatening their ecological integrity, biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and functional characteristics of NPRS in the European Mediterranean, and discuss gaps and problems in their management, concerning their typology, ecological assessment, legislative and policy protection, and incorporation in River Basin Management Plans. Because NPRS comprise highly unstable ecosystems, with strong and often unpredictable temporal and spatial variability - at least as far as it is possible to assess - we outline the future research needs required to better understand, manage and conserve them as highly valuable and sensitive ecosystems. Efficient collaborative activities among multidisciplinary research groups aiming to create innovative knowledge, water managers and policy makers are urgently needed in order to establish an appropriate methodological and legislative background. The incorporation of NPRS in EU-Med River Basin Management Plans in combination with the application of ecological flows is a first step towards enhancing NPRS management and conservation in order to effectively safeguard these highly valuable albeit threatened ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos T Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Thibault Datry
- IRSTEA, UR-MALY, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, FR-69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Manuela M Morais
- Dept. Biology, Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Andrea Buffagni
- IRSA-CNR, Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerald Dörflinger
- Water Development Department, 100-110 Kennenty Avenue, Pallouriotissa, 1047 Lefkosia, Cyprus
| | - Stamatis Zogaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | | | - Nuria Bonada
- Group de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - Joana Rosado
- Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT), University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece.
| | | | - Klement Tockner
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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Maceda-Veiga A, Baselga A, Sousa R, Vilà M, Doadrio I, de Sostoa A. Fine-scale determinants of conservation value of river reaches in a hotspot of native and non-native species diversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:455-466. [PMID: 27644023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global freshwater biodiversity is declining at unprecedented rates while non-native species are expanding. Examining diversity patterns across variable river conditions can help develop better management strategies. However, many indicators can be used to determine the conservartion value of aquatic communities, and little is known of how well they correlate to each other in making diagnostics, including when testing for the efficacy of protected areas. Using an extensive data set (99,700km2, n=530 sites) across protected and unprotected river reaches in 15 catchments of NE Spain, we examine correlations among 20 indicators of conservation value of fish communities, including the benefits they provide to birds and threatened mammals and mussels. Our results showed that total native fish abundance or richness correlated reasonably well with many native indicators. However, the lack of a strong congruence led modelling techniques to identify different river attributes for each indicator of conservation value. Overall, tributaries were identified as native fish refugees, and nutrient pollution, salinization, low water velocity and poor habitat structure as major threats to the native biota. We also found that protected areas offered limited coverage to major components of biodiversity, including rarity, threat and host-parasite relationships, even though values of non-native indicators were notably reduced. In conclusion, restoring natural hydrological regimes and water chemical status is a priority to stem freshwater biodiversity loss in this region. A complementary action can be the protection of tributaries, but more studies examining multiple components of diversity are necessary to fully test their potential as fluvial reserves in Mediterranean climate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), E-41092 Sevilla, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrés Baselga
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ronaldo Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, P-4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, P-4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo de Sostoa
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pistocchi A, Udias A, Grizzetti B, Gelati E, Koundouri P, Ludwig R, Papandreou A, Souliotis I. An integrated assessment framework for the analysis of multiple pressures in aquatic ecosystems and the appraisal of management options. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1477-1488. [PMID: 28346991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution illustrates an integrated assessment framework aimed at evaluating the relationships between multiple pressures and water body status for the purposes of river basin management. The framework includes the following steps. (1) Understanding how the different pressures affect the status of water bodies. This entails the characterization of biophysical state variables and the definition of a causal relationship between pressures and status. Therefore this step involves interaction between experts bearing ecological understanding and experts providing models to represent the effect of pressures. (2) Identifying the relevant pressures to be addressed through appropriate measures to improve the status of water bodies. (3) Evaluating reduction targets for the relevant pressures identified in a river basin, by weighting the effort associated to reducing individual pressures and the potential benefits in terms of water body status. (4) Designing management measures through a creative process and political discussion of alternative options, balancing costs, benefits and effectiveness based on engineering and economic analysis. (5) Simulating scenarios of implementation of a programme of measures in order to check their effectiveness and robustness against climate and land use change. We discuss the five steps of the assessment framework, and particularly the interaction between science and policy at the different stages. We review the assessment tools required at each step and, for setting optimal pressure reduction targets (step 3), we propose and illustrate a simplified multicriteria approach based on semi-quantitative assessment, which produces frontiers of optimal trade-offs between effort spent on measures, and achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pistocchi
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, via E.Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy.
| | - A Udias
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, via E.Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - B Grizzetti
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, via E.Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - E Gelati
- European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Unit D.02 Water and Marine Resources, via E.Fermi, 2749-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - P Koundouri
- School of Economics, Athens University of Economic and Business (www.aueb.gr); Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics; International Center for Research on the Environment and the Economy, ICRE8, Greece
| | - R Ludwig
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - A Papandreou
- International Centre for Research on the Environment and the Economy (ICRE8), and Athena Research and Innovation Centre, Athens, Greece
| | - I Souliotis
- International Centre for Research on the Environment and the Economy (ICRE8), and Athena Research and Innovation Centre, Athens, Greece
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López-Doval JC, Montagner CC, de Alburquerque AF, Moschini-Carlos V, Umbuzeiro G, Pompêo M. Nutrients, emerging pollutants and pesticides in a tropical urban reservoir: Spatial distributions and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1307-1324. [PMID: 27745929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs located in urban areas suffer specific pressures related to human activities. Their monitoring, management, and protection requirements differ from reservoirs situated in non-urbanized areas. The objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the concentrations of select pesticides and emerging pollutants (EPs) present in an urban reservoir; (b) to describe their possible spatial distributions; and (c) to quantify the risks for aquatic life and safeguard drinking water supplies. For this purpose, the Guarapiranga reservoir was studied as an example of a multi-stressed urban reservoir in a tropical region. A total of 31 organic compounds (including pesticides, illicit drugs, pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disruptors) were analyzed twice over a period of one year, together with classical indicators of water quality. The physical and chemical data were treated using principal component analysis (PCA) to identify possible temporal or spatial patterns. Risk assessment was performed for biota and drinking water use, comparing maximum environmental concentrations (MECs) with the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) or drinking water quality criteria (DWC), respectively. The results demonstrated the presence of pesticides and EPs, as well as pollution by high levels of nutrients and Chlorophyll a (Chl. a), during the study period. The nutrients and Trophic State Index (TSI) showed gradients in the reservoir and regional distributions, while the pesticides and EPs only clearly showed this pattern in the dry season. The concentrations and distributions of the pesticides and EPs therefore showed seasonality. These findings suggested that the two groups of pollutants (EPs+pesticides and nutrients) possessed different sources and behavior and were not always correlated in the reservoir studied. In the studied period, no risk was observed in raw water for drinking water use, but carbendazim, imidacloprid, and BPA showed risks for the biota in the reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C López-Doval
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- São Paulo State University -UNESP, Environmental Sciences Program, Avenida Três de Março 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisela Umbuzeiro
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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36
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Arenas-Sánchez A, Rico A, Vighi M. Effects of water scarcity and chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems: State of the art. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:390-403. [PMID: 27513735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is an expanding climate and human related condition, which drives and interacts with other stressors in freshwater ecosystems such as chemical pollution. In this study we provide an overview of the existing knowledge regarding the chemical fate, biological dynamics and the ecological risks of chemicals under water scarcity conditions. We evaluated a total of 15 studies dealing with the combined effects of chemicals and water scarcity under laboratory conditions and in the field. The results of these studies have been elaborated in order to evaluate additive, synergistic or antagonistic responses of the studied endpoints. As a general rule, it can be concluded that, in situations of water scarcity, the impacts of extreme water fluctuations are much more relevant than those of an additional chemical stressor. Nevertheless, the presence of chemical pollution may result in exacerbated ecological risks in some particular cases. We conclude that further investigations on this topic would take advantage on the focus on some specific issues. Experimental (laboratory and model ecosystem) studies should be performed on different biota groups and life stages (diapausing eggs, immature stages), with particular attention to those including traits relevant for the adaptation to water scarcity. More knowledge on species adaptations and recovery capacity is essential to predict community responses to multiple stressors and to assess the community vulnerability. Field studies should be performed at different scales, particularly in lotic systems, in order to integrate different functional dynamics of the river ecosystem. Combining field monitoring and experimental studies would be the best option to reach more conclusive, causal relationships on the effects of co-occurring stressors. Contribution of these studies to develop ecological models and scenarios is also suggested as an improvement for the prospective aquatic risk assessment of chemicals in (semi-)arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arenas-Sánchez
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, P.O. Box 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Kim Tiam S, Fauvelle V, Morin S, Mazzella N. Improving Toxicity Assessment of Pesticide Mixtures: The Use of Polar Passive Sampling Devices Extracts in Microalgae Toxicity Tests. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1388. [PMID: 27667986 PMCID: PMC5016515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexity of contaminants exposure needs to be taking in account for an appropriate evaluation of risks related to mixtures of pesticides released in the ecosystems. Toxicity assessment of such mixtures can be made through a variety of toxicity tests reflecting different level of biological complexity. This paper reviews the recent developments of passive sampling techniques for polar compounds, especially Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS) and Chemcatcher® and the principal assessment techniques using microalgae in laboratory experiments. The progresses permitted by the coupled use of such passive samplers and ecotoxicology testing as well as their limitations are presented. Case studies combining passive sampling devices (PSD) extracts and toxicity assessment toward microorganisms at different biological scales from single organisms to communities level are presented. These case studies, respectively, aimed (i) at characterizing the "toxic potential" of waters using dose-response curves, and (ii) at performing microcosm experiments with increased environmental realism in the toxicant exposure in term of cocktail composition and concentration. Finally perspectives and limitations of such approaches for future applications in the area of environmental risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kim Tiam
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Soizic Morin
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
| | - Nicolas Mazzella
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture UR EABX, Cestas, France
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Sabater S, Barceló D, De Castro-Català N, Ginebreda A, Kuzmanovic M, Petrovic M, Picó Y, Ponsatí L, Tornés E, Muñoz I. Shared effects of organic microcontaminants and environmental stressors on biofilms and invertebrates in impaired rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:303-314. [PMID: 26803786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Land use type, physical and chemical stressors, and organic microcontaminants were investigated for their effects on the biological communities (biofilms and invertebrates) in several Mediterranean rivers. The diversity of invertebrates, and the scores of the first principal component of a PCA performed with the diatom communities were the best descriptors of the distribution patterns of the biological communities against the river stressors. These two metrics decreased according to the progressive site impairment (associated to higher area of agricultural and urban-industrial, high water conductivity, higher dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations, and higher concentration of organic microcontaminants, particularly pharmaceutical and industrial compounds). The variance partition analyses (RDAs) attributed the major share (10%) of the biological communities' response to the environmental stressors (nutrients, altered discharge, dissolved organic matter), followed by the land use occupation (6%) and of the organic microcontaminants (2%). However, the variance shared by the three groups of descriptors was very high (41%), indicating that their simultaneous occurrence determined most of the variation in the biological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabater
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain.
| | - D Barceló
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N De Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona. Fac. Biology, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Ginebreda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Kuzmanovic
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Department of Medicine Preventive and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n., 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - L Ponsatí
- ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - E Tornés
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, GRECO, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; ICRA, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona. Fac. Biology, Avda. Diagonal 645, Barcelona, Spain
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Colin N, Porte C, Fernandes D, Barata C, Padrós F, Carrassón M, Monroy M, Cano-Rocabayera O, de Sostoa A, Piña B, Maceda-Veiga A. Ecological relevance of biomarkers in monitoring studies of macro-invertebrates and fish in Mediterranean rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:307-323. [PMID: 26148426 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean rivers are probably one of the most singular and endangered ecosystems worldwide due to the presence of many endemic species and a long history of anthropogenic impacts. Besides a conservation value per se, biodiversity is related to the services that ecosystems provide to society and the ability of these to cope with stressors, including climate change. Using macro-invertebrates and fish as sentinel organisms, this overview presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the application of biomarkers (stress and enzymatic responses, endocrine disruptors, trophic tracers, energy and bile metabolites, genotoxic indicators, histopathological and behavioural alterations, and genetic and cutting edge omic markers) to determine the causes and effects of anthropogenic stressors on the biodiversity of European Mediterranean rivers. We also discuss how a careful selection of sentinel species according to their ecological traits and the food-web structure of Mediterranean rivers could increase the ecological relevance of biomarker responses. Further, we provide suggestions to better harmonise ecological realism with experimental design in biomarker studies, including statistical analyses, which may also deliver a more comprehensible message to managers and policy makers. By keeping on the safe side the health status of populations of multiple-species in a community, we advocate to increase the resilience of fluvial ecosystems to face present and forecasted stressors. In conclusion, this review provides evidence that multi-biomarker approaches detect early signs of impairment in populations, and supports their incorporation in the standardised procedures of the Water Frame Work Directive to better appraise the status of European water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Colin
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Porte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Denise Fernandes
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Padrós
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Monroy
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Cano-Rocabayera
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo de Sostoa
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamín Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Maceda-Veiga
- Institute of Research in Biodiversity (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), ES-41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Papadaki C, Soulis K, Muñoz-Mas R, Martinez-Capel F, Zogaris S, Ntoanidis L, Dimitriou E. Potential impacts of climate change on flow regime and fish habitat in mountain rivers of the south-western Balkans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:418-428. [PMID: 26250864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The climate change in the Mediterranean area is expected to have significant impacts on the aquatic ecosystems and particular in the mountain rivers and streams that often host important species such as the Salmo farioides, Karaman 1938. These impacts will most possibly affect the habitat availability for various aquatic species resulting to an essential alteration of the water requirements, either for dams or other water abstractions, in order to maintain the essential levels of ecological flow for the rivers. The main scope of this study was to assess potential climate change impacts on the hydrological patterns and typical biota for a south-western Balkan mountain river, the Acheloos. The altered flow regimes under different emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were estimated using a hydrological model and based on regional climate simulations over the study area. The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) methodology was then used to assess the potential streamflow alterations in the studied river due to predicted climate change conditions. A fish habitat simulation method integrating univariate habitat suitability curves and hydraulic modeling techniques were used to assess the impacts on the relationships between the aquatic biota and hydrological status utilizing a sentinel species, the West Balkan trout. The most prominent effects of the climate change scenarios depict severe flow reductions that are likely to occur especially during the summer flows, changing the duration and depressing the magnitude of the natural low flow conditions. Weighted Usable Area-flow curves indicated the limitation of suitable habitat for the native trout. Finally, this preliminary application highlighted the potential of science-based hydrological and habitat simulation approaches that are relevant to both biological quality elements (fish) and current EU Water policy to serve as efficient tools for the estimation of possible climate change impacts on the south-western Balkan river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Papadaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Soulis
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Division of Water Resources Management, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mas
- Institut d'Investigaciό per a la Gestiό Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martinez-Capel
- Institut d'Investigaciό per a la Gestiό Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730 Grau de Gandia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stamatis Zogaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Greece
| | | | - Elias Dimitriou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Greece.
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Val J, Muñiz S, Gomà J, Navarro E. Influence of global change-related impacts on the mercury toxicity of freshwater algal communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:53-62. [PMID: 26024757 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The climatic-change related increase of temperatures, are expected to alter the distribution and survival of freshwater species, ecosystem functions, and also the effects of toxicants to aquatic biota. This study has thus assessed, as a first time, the modulating effect of climate-change drivers on the mercury (Hg) toxicity of freshwater algal photosynthesis. Natural benthic algal communities (periphyton) have been exposed to Hg under present and future temperature scenarios (rise of 5 °C). The modulating effect of other factors (also altered by global change), as the quality and amount of suspended and dissolved materials in the rivers, has been also assessed, exposing algae to Hg in natural river water or a synthetic medium. The EC50 values ranged from the 0.15-0.74 ppm for the most sensitive communities, to the 24-40 ppm for the most tolerant. The higher tolerance shown by communities exposed to higher Hg concentrations, as Jabarrella was in agreement with the Pollution Induced Community Tolerance concept. In other cases, the dominance of the invasive diatom Didymosphenia geminata explained the tolerance or sensitivity of the community to the Hg toxicity. Results shown that while increases in the suspended solids reduced Hg bioavailability, changes in the dissolved materials - such as organic carbon - may increase it and thus its toxic effects on biota. The impacts of the increase of temperatures on the toxicological behaviour of periphyton (combining both changes at species composition and physiological acclimation) would be certainly modulated by other effects at the land level (i.e., alterations in the amount and quality of dissolved and particulate substances arriving to the rivers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Val
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain; Research Institute for Environment and Sustainability of San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain; FACOPS Foundation, Calle Pineta 17, 50410 Cuarte de Huerva, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Selene Muñiz
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Joan Gomà
- Dept. of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, Barcelona 08026, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
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López-Doval JC, Meirelles ST, Cardoso-Silva S, Moschini-Carlos V, Pompêo M. Ecological and toxicological responses in a multistressor scenario: Are monitoring programs showing the stressors or just showing stress? A case study in Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 540:466-476. [PMID: 26094799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) is located in the Brazilian State of São Paulo and reservoirs in this region are vital for water supply and energy production. Changes in economic, social, and demographic trends produced pollution of water bodies, decreasing water quality for human uses and affecting freshwater populations. The presence of emerging pollutants, classical priority substances, nutrient excess and the interaction with tropical-climate conditions require periodic reviews of water policies and monitoring programs in order to detect and manage these threats in a global change scenario. The objective of this work is to determine whether the monitoring program of the São Paulo's Environmental Agency, is sufficient to explain the toxicological and biological responses observed in organisms in reservoirs of the MRSP, and whether it can identify the possible agents causing these responses. For that, we used publicly available data on water quality compiled by this agency in their routine monitoring program. A general overview of these data and a chemometric approach to analyze the responses of biotic indexes and toxicological bioassays, as a function of the physical and chemical parameters monitored, were performed. Data compiled showed temporal and geographical information gaps on variables measured. Toxicological responses have been observed in the reservoirs of the MRSP, together with a high incidence of impairments of the zooplankton community. This demonstrates the presence of stressors that affect the viability of organisms and populations. The statistical approach showed that the data compiled by the environmental agency are insufficient to identify and explain the factors causing the observed ecotoxicological responses and impairments in the zooplankton community, and are therefore insufficient to identify clear cause-effect relationships. Stressors different from those analyzed could be responsible for the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C López-Doval
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, do Matão Str., Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tadeu Meirelles
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, do Matão Str., Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- São Paulo State University - UNESP "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Environmental Sciences Program, 3 de Março Avenue n. 511, PO Box: 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- São Paulo State University - UNESP "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Environmental Sciences Program, 3 de Março Avenue n. 511, PO Box: 18087-180, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, do Matão Str., Travessa 14, 321, Butantã, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Díez S, Lázaro WL, Barata C. Identification of compounds bound to suspended solids causing sub-lethal toxic effects in Daphnia magna. A field study on re-suspended particles during river floods in Ebro River. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 161:41-50. [PMID: 25667993 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying chemicals causing adverse effects in organisms present in water remains a challenge in environmental risk assessment. This study aimed to assess and identify toxic compounds bound to suspended solids re-suspended during a prolonged period of flushing flows in the lower part of Ebro River (NE, Spain). This area is contaminated with high amounts of organochlorine and mercury sediment wastes. Chemical characterization of suspended material was performed by solid phase extraction using a battery of non-polar and polar solvents and analyzed by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Mercury content was also determined for all sites. Post-exposure feeding rates of Daphnia magna were used to assess toxic effects of whole and filtered water samples and of re-constituted laboratory water with re-suspended solid fractions. Organochlorine and mercury residues in the water samples increased from upstream to downstream locations. Conversely, toxic effects were greater at the upstream site than downstream of the superfund Flix reservoir. A further analysis of the suspended solid fraction identified a toxic component eluted within the 80:20 methanol:water fraction. Characterization of that toxic component fraction by LC-MS/MS identified the phytotoxin anatoxin-a, whose residue levels were correlated with observed feeding inhibition responses. Further feeding inhibition assays conducted in the lab using anatoxin-a produced from Planktothrix agardhii, a filamentous cyanobacteria, confirmed field results. This study provides evidence that in real field situation measured contaminant residues do not always agree with toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rivetti
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Díez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wilkinson L Lázaro
- Centro de Estudos em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Mato Grosso, Brazil. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Carlos Barata
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDÆA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Rivetti C, Gómez-Canela C, Lacorte S, Barata C. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to characterise trace levels of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate toxins in suspended solids and sediments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:1451-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8308-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gorga M, Insa S, Petrovic M, Barceló D. Occurrence and spatial distribution of EDCs and related compounds in waters and sediments of Iberian rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:69-86. [PMID: 25017635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The environmental presence of chemicals capable of affecting the endocrine system has become a matter of scientific and public concern after certain endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) have been detected in the aquatic environment. In this work, 31 different EDCs and related compounds (suspect EDCs) belonging to different contaminant classes were studied: 10 estrogens, natural and synthetic, 8 alkylphenolic compounds, bisphenol A, triclosan and triclorocaraban, 4 parabens, 2 benzotriazoles, 3 organophosphorous flame retardants and the chemical marker caffeine, in river water and sediment of four Iberian rivers (Ebro, Llobregat, Júcar and Guadalquivir). An extensive sampling has been undertaken in two monitoring campaigns (2010 and 2011). A total of 77 samples of water and 75 sediments were collected. For this propose two different multiresidue analytical methods were applied, using the automated online EQuan/TurboFlow™ liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection in tandem. In terms of concentrations the compounds found at the highest average concentrations were: nonylphenol monocarboxylate (NP1EC), tolyltriazole (TT), tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCPP) found at average concentrations above 100 ng/L, followed by 1H-benzotriazole and tris(butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBEP) found at average concentration higher than 50 ng/L. Natural and synthetic hormones were found at low levels not exceeding 16 ng/L and 7 ng/g for water and sediment, respectively, however they contributed to more than 80% of the total estrogenicity of the samples (expressed as the equivalents of estradiol EEQ, ng/L). Regarding the spatial distribution of these contaminants, the Llobregat river was found to be the most contaminated river basin, having sites near the mouth of the river the ones with the highest contaminant load. In the Ebro river basin several hot spots were identified and Júcar showed to be the least contaminated. Overall, the study confirmed the presence of complex mixtures of unregulated contaminants, thus raising concern about their potential interactive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gorga
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain.
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain.
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Navarro-Ortega A, Acuña V, Bellin A, Burek P, Cassiani G, Choukr-Allah R, Dolédec S, Elosegi A, Ferrari F, Ginebreda A, Grathwohl P, Jones C, Rault PK, Kok K, Koundouri P, Ludwig RP, Merz R, Milacic R, Muñoz I, Nikulin G, Paniconi C, Paunović M, Petrovic M, Sabater L, Sabaterb S, Skoulikidis NT, Slob A, Teutsch G, Voulvoulis N, Barceló D. Managing the effects of multiple stressors on aquatic ecosystems under water scarcity. The GLOBAQUA project. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:3-9. [PMID: 25005236 PMCID: PMC4236898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a serious environmental problem in many European regions, and will likely increase in the near future as a consequence of increased abstraction and climate change. Water scarcity exacerbates the effects of multiple stressors, and thus results in decreased water quality. It impacts river ecosystems, threatens the services they provide, and it will force managers and policy-makers to change their current practices. The EU-FP7 project GLOBAQUA aims at identifying the prevalence, interaction and linkages between stressors, and to assess their effects on the chemical and ecological status of freshwater ecosystems in order to improve water management practice and policies. GLOBAQUA assembles a multidisciplinary team of 21 European plus 2 non-European scientific institutions, as well as water authorities and river basin managers. The project includes experts in hydrology, chemistry, biology, geomorphology, modelling, socio-economics, governance science, knowledge brokerage, and policy advocacy. GLOBAQUA studies six river basins (Ebro, Adige, Sava, Evrotas, Anglian and Souss Massa) affected by water scarcity, and aims to answer the following questions: how does water scarcity interact with other existing stressors in the study river basins? How will these interactions change according to the different scenarios of future global change? Which will be the foreseeable consequences for river ecosystems? How will these in turn affect the services the ecosystems provide? How should management and policies be adapted to minimise the ecological, economic and societal consequences? These questions will be approached by combining data-mining, field- and laboratory-based research, and modelling. Here, we outline the general structure of the project and the activities to be conducted within the fourteen work-packages of GLOBAQUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Navarro-Ortega
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bellin
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento (UNITN), Trento, Italy
| | - Peter Burek
- Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES-JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cassiani
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova (UNIPD), Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Arturo Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona Spain
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geosciences, Tuebingen University (EKUT), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Colin Jones
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre (SMHI), Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Philippe Ker Rault
- Climate Change and Adaptive Land and Water Management Team, Wageningen University and Research Centre (ALTERRA), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Kok
- Wageningen University (WU), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Phoebe Koundouri
- Research and Innovation Centre in Information, Communication and Knowledge Technologies (ATHENA), Athens, Greece; Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece; London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Peter Ludwig
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, (LMU), München, Germany
| | - Ralf Merz
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Radmila Milacic
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, (JSI), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grigory Nikulin
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre (SMHI), Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Paniconi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, Canada
| | - Momir Paunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković (IBISS), Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Sabater
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona Spain
| | - Sergi Sabaterb
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters (HCMR), Athens, Greece
| | - Adriaan Slob
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Teutsch
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Voulvoulis
- The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (IMPERIAL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
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Kuzmanović M, Ginebreda A, Petrović M, Barceló D. Risk assessment based prioritization of 200 organic micropollutants in 4 Iberian rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:289-99. [PMID: 25017637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemicals is continuously growing both in total amount as well as in a number of different substances, among which organic chemicals play a major role. Owing to the growing public awareness on the need of protecting both ecosystems and human health from the risks related to chemical pollution, an increasing attention has been drowned to risk assessment and prioritization of organic pollutants. In this context, the aims of this study were (a) to perform an environmental risk assessment for 200 organic micropollutants including both regulated and emerging contaminants (pesticides, alkylphenols, pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products, perflourinated compounds and various industrial organic chemicals) monitored in four rivers located in the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula, namely, the Ebro, Llobregat, Júcar and Guadalquivir rivers; and (b) to prioritize them for each of the four river basins studied, taking into account their observed concentration levels together with their ecotoxicological potential. For this purpose, a prioritization approach has been developed and a resulting ranking index (RI) associated with each compound. Ranking index is based on the measured concentrations of the chemical in each river and its ecotoxicological potential (EC50 values for algae, Daphnia sp. and fish). Ten compounds were identified as most important for the studied rivers: pesticides chlorpyriphos, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, prochloraz, ethion carbofuran and diuron and the industrial organic chemicals nonylphenol and octylphenol that result from the biodegration of polyethoxylated alkyphenol surfactants. Also, further research into chronic toxicity of emerging contaminants is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - Antoni Ginebreda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Damia Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona 08034, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
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De Castro-Català N, Muñoz I, Armendáriz L, Campos B, Barceló D, López-Doval J, Pérez S, Petrovic M, Picó Y, Riera JL. Invertebrate community responses to emerging water pollutants in Iberian river basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:142-150. [PMID: 25042416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is one of the greatest threats to freshwater ecosystems, especially in Mediterranean watersheds, characterized by periodical low flows that may exacerbate chemical exposure. Different groups of emerging pollutants have been detected in these basins during the last decade. This study aims to identify the relationships between the presence and levels of prioritary and emerging pollutants (pesticides, pharmaceutical active compounds--PhACs, Endocrine Disrupting Compounds EDCs and Perfluorinated Compounds--PFCs) and the invertebrate community in four Mediterranean basins: the Ebro, the Llobregat, the Júcar and the Guadalquivir. Structural (species composition and density) and functional (catalase activity of the tricopteran Hydropsyche exocellata and the feeding activity of the cladoceran Daphnia magna) variables were analyzed to determine which of the pollutants would greatly influence invertebrate responses. EDCs and conductivity, followed by PhACs, were the most important variables explaining the invertebrate density changes in the studied basins, showing a gradient of urban and industrial pollutions. Despite this general pattern observed in the four studied basins - impoverishment of species diversity and abundance change with pollution - some basins maintained certain differences. In the case of the Llobregat River, analgesics and anti-inflammatories were the significant pollutants explaining the invertebrate community distribution. In the Júcar River, fungicides were the main group of pollutants that were determining the structure of the invertebrate community. Functional biomarkers tended to decrease downstream in the four basins. Two groups of pollutants appeared to be significant predictors of the catalase activity in the model: EDCs and PhACs. This study provides evidence that the information given by functional biomarkers may complement the results found for the structural community descriptors, and allowed us to detect two emerging contaminant groups that are mainly affecting the invertebrate community in these basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- N De Castro-Català
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Armendáriz
- Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet (ILPLA-CONICET-UNLP), Boulevard 120, 61 y 62, s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Campos
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - J López-Doval
- Department of Ecology, Laboratorio de Limnologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. do Matao, Travessa 14, 321, Butanta, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - S Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research ICRA, C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona,Spain
| | - Y Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J L Riera
- Department of Ecology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pereira AMPT, Silva LJG, Meisel LM, Pena A. Fluoroquinolones and Tetracycline Antibiotics in a Portuguese Aquaculture System and Aquatic Surroundings: Occurrence and Environmental Impact. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:959-975. [PMID: 26262440 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1036185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth of aquaculture over the past few years is widely recognized as one of the main sources of antibiotics, mainly fluoroquinolones (FQ) and tetracyclines (TC), in the aquatic environment, consequently, increasing the risk of the emergence of antibiotic bacterial resistance and promoting the spread of resistant genes. This study aimed to (1) develop and validate a multiresidue method for determination and quantification of ciprofloxacin (CIP), difloxacin (DIFL), enrofloxacin (ENR), norfloxacin (NOR), sarafloxacin (SARA), and oxytetracycline (OXY) in aquaculture waters and surrounding water bodies and (2) provide the first Portuguese data to utilize in assessment of risk of adverse effects. In addition, the potential environmental impact posed by these antibiotics to aquatic organisms, belonging to different trophic levels, when exposed to the studied aquaculture waters was also assessed. The analytical strategy comprised of solid-phase extraction (SPE) through Oasis HLB cartridges, and detection and quantification by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)). Method detection limits (MDL) and method quantification limits (MQL) were in the range of 0.7-3 ng/L and 2.4-10 ng/L, respectively. Recoveries varied between 57.4 and 122.8%. The method was applied to 31 water samples collected from an aquaculture and surrounding water bodies located in north of Portugal. Residues of all antibiotics, except SARA and DIFL, were detected at concentrations ranging from 3 to 75.1 ng/L. Norfloxacin was the antibiotic present at highest frequency and concentration. Regarding the environmental impact assessment (EIA), a risk quotient higher than 1 was observed for NOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M P T Pereira
- a LAQV, REQUIMTE, Group of Bromatology, Pharmacognosy and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Coimbra, Polo III , Coimbra , Portugal
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Wu Q, Xia X, Mou X, Zhu B, Zhao P, Dong H. Effects of seasonal climatic variability on several toxic contaminants in urban lakes: Implications for the impacts of climate change. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:2369-2378. [PMID: 25499484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is supposed to have influences on water quality and ecosystem. However, only few studies have assessed the effect of climate change on environmental toxic contaminants in urban lakes. In this research, response of several toxic contaminants in twelve urban lakes in Beijing, China, to the seasonal variations in climatic factors was studied. Fluorides, volatile phenols, arsenic, selenium, and other water quality parameters were analyzed monthly from 2009 to 2012. Multivariate statistical methods including principle component analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between contaminants and climatic factors including temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and sunshine duration. Fluoride and arsenic concentrations in most urban lakes exhibited a significant positive correlation with temperature/precipitation, which is mainly caused by rainfall induced diffuse pollution. A negative correlation was observed between volatile phenols and temperature/precipitation, and this could be explained by their enhanced volatilization and biodegradation rates caused by higher temperature. Selenium did not show a significant response to climatic factor variations, which was attributed to low selenium contents in the lakes and soils. Moreover, the response degrees of contaminants to climatic variations differ among lakes with different contamination levels. On average, temperature/precipitation contributed to 8%, 15%, and 12% of the variations in volatile phenols, arsenic, and fluorides, respectively. Beijing is undergoing increased temperature and heavy rainfall frequency during the past five decades. This study suggests that water quality related to fluoride and arsenic concentrations of most urban lakes in Beijing is becoming worse under this climate change trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xinli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Baotong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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