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Frietsch M, Pacheco-Romero M, Temperton VM, Kaplin BA, Fischer J. The social-ecological ladder of restoration ambition. AMBIO 2024; 53:1251-1261. [PMID: 38652237 PMCID: PMC11300751 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Expanding in both scope and scale, ecosystem restoration needs to embrace complex social-ecological dynamics. To help scientists and practitioners navigate ever new demands on restoration, we propose the "social-ecological ladder of restoration ambition" as a conceptual model to approach dynamically shifting social and ecological restoration goals. The model focuses on three dynamic aspects of restoration, namely degrading processes, restoration goals and remedial actions. As these three change through time, new reinforcing and balancing feedback mechanisms characterize the restoration process. We illustrate our model through case studies in which restoration has become increasingly ambitious through time, namely forest landscape restoration in Rwanda and grassland restoration in Germany. The ladder of restoration ambition offers a new way of applying social-ecological systems thinking to ecosystem restoration. Additionally, it raises awareness of social-ecological trade-offs, power imbalances and conflicting goals in restoration projects, thereby laying an important foundation for finding more practicable and fairer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Frietsch
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Manuel Pacheco-Romero
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Geology, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Vicky M Temperton
- Institute of Ecology, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Beth A Kaplin
- Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joern Fischer
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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2
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Gopalakrishna T, Visconti P, Lomax G, Boere E, Malhi Y, Roy PS, Joshi PK, Fedele G, Yowargana P. Optimizing restoration: A holistic spatial approach to deliver Nature's Contributions to People with minimal tradeoffs and maximal equity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402970121. [PMID: 39133856 PMCID: PMC11348303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402970121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration is inherently a complex activity with inevitable tradeoffs in environmental and societal outcomes. These tradeoffs can potentially be large when policies and practices are focused on single outcomes versus joint achievement of multiple outcomes. Few studies have assessed the tradeoffs in Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) and the distributional equity of NCP from forest restoration strategies. Here, we optimized a defined forest restoration area across India with systematic conservation planning to assess the tradeoffs between three NCP: i) climate change mitigation NCP, ii) biodiversity value NCP (habitat created for forest-dependent mammals), and iii) societal NCP (human direct use of restored forests for livelihoods, housing construction material, and energy). We show that restoration plans aimed at a single-NCP tend not to deliver other NCP outcomes efficiently. In contrast, integrated spatial forest restoration plans aimed at achievement of multiple outcomes deliver on average 83.3% (43.2 to 100%) of climate change mitigation NCP, 89.9% (63.8 to 100%) of biodiversity value NCP, and 93.9% (64.5 to 100%) of societal NCP delivered by single-objective plans. Integrated plans deliver NCP more evenly across the restoration area when compared to other plans that identify certain regions such as the Western Ghats and north-eastern India. Last, 38 to 41% of the people impacted by integrated spatial plans belong to socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, greater than their overall representation in India's population. Moving ahead, effective policy design and evaluation integrating ecosystem protection and restoration strategies can benefit from the blueprint we provide in this study for India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Gopalakrishna
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute of Applied Systems Analyses, LaxenburgA-2361, Austria
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute of Applied Systems Analyses, LaxenburgA-2361, Austria
| | - Guy Lomax
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QE, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Boere
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute of Applied Systems Analyses, LaxenburgA-2361, Austria
- Department of Environmental Geography, Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QY, United Kingdom
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QY, United Kingdom
| | - Parth Sarathi Roy
- Distinguished Fellow, Food and Land Use Alliance- India, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Pawan K. Joshi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi110067, India
- Special Centre for Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi110067, India
| | - Giacomo Fedele
- Betty and Gordon Moore Centre for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA22202
- Conservation International Europe, Brussels1060, Belgium
| | - Ping Yowargana
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, International Institute of Applied Systems Analyses, LaxenburgA-2361, Austria
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Paolinelli Reis B, Branquinho C, Török K, Řehounková K, Nunes A, Halassy M. The added value of the long-term ecological research network to upscale restoration in Europe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121736. [PMID: 38976950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Achieving global restoration targets poses challenges including the need for long-term research and effective monitoring of success, fostering collaborations across diverse fields and actors, ensuring the availability of suitable reference ecosystems, and securing sustained funding. Yet, these conditions are often lacking, limiting the effectiveness of restoration. We provide an overview of ecological restoration practices in the pan-European region of the Long-term Ecological Research Network (eLTER) and demonstrate the importance of eLTER and its potential contributions to support the implementation of the EU Nature Restoration Law. We developed an online questionnaire to collect information on eLTER restoration experts and restoration projects details including the use of eLTER contributions (e.g. infrastructure, data and knowledge), between November 2021 and March 2022. We identified 62 restoration experts and 42 restoration projects from 18 countries. Our results show that eLTER restoration expertise covers most of the European habitats, diverse degradation states and restoration techniques. Most restoration projects (78%) involved long-term monitoring exceeding the average project lifespan, which has proven necessary to achieve restoration success. No common protocol was used for monitoring and evaluation or cost-benefit estimates, but respondents reported effective projects, mostly financed from national funds, and benefits in five ecosystem services on average covered per project. Key eLTER contributions included providing reference ecosystems, biotic and abiotic background data, and interdisciplinary discussion or stakeholder management. Ecological restoration is time intensive and requires long-term research and monitoring standardization to fully understand the restoration process and to ensure comparability across ecosystems. The eLTER network can help address these challenges providing added-value contributions through its infrastructure, long-term datasets, diversity of expertise and strategies that can help identify best restoration practices and support the EU Nature Restoration Law. Finally, additional and long-term funding from the EU and the private sector is needed to achieve global larger-scale restoration targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paolinelli Reis
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Katalin Török
- HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Restoration Ecology Group, Alkotmány u.a 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Klára Řehounková
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Nunes
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Melinda Halassy
- HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Restoration Ecology Group, Alkotmány u.a 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
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4
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Kiffner C, Foley CAH, Lee DE, Bond ML, Kioko J, Kissui BM, Lobora AL, Foley LS, Nelson F. The contribution of community-based conservation models to conserving large herbivore populations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16221. [PMID: 39003385 PMCID: PMC11246445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In East Africa, community-based conservation models (CBCMs) have been established to support the conservation of wildlife in fragmented landscapes like the Tarangire Ecosystem, Tanzania. To assess how different management approaches maintained large herbivore populations, we conducted line distance surveys and estimated seasonal densities of elephant, giraffe, zebra, and wildebeest in six management units, including three CBCMs, two national parks (positive controls), and one area with little conservation interventions (negative control). Using a Monte-Carlo approach to propagate uncertainties from the density estimates and trend analysis, we analyzed the resulting time series (2011-2019). Densities of the target species were consistently low in the site with little conservation interventions. In contrast, densities of zebra and wildebeest in CBCMs were similar to national parks, providing evidence that CBCMs contributed to the stabilization of these migratory populations in the central part of the ecosystem. CBCMs also supported giraffe and elephant densities similar to those found in national parks. In contrast, the functional connectivity of Lake Manyara National Park has not been augmented by CBCMs. Our analysis suggests that CBCMs can effectively conserve large herbivores, and that maintaining connectivity through CBCMs should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kiffner
- Junior Research Group Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany.
- The School for Field Studies, Centre For Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania.
- Department of Land Use & Governance, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Charles A H Foley
- Tanzania Conservation Research Program, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Monica L Bond
- Wild Nature Institute, Concord, NH, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Kioko
- The School for Field Studies, Centre For Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania
| | - Bernard M Kissui
- The School for Field Studies, Centre For Wildlife Management Studies, PO Box 304, Karatu, Tanzania
| | - Alex L Lobora
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Lara S Foley
- Tanzania Conservation Research Program, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
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van Tiel N, Fopp F, Brun P, van den Hoogen J, Karger DN, Casadei CM, Lyu L, Tuia D, Zimmermann NE, Crowther TW, Pellissier L. Regional uniqueness of tree species composition and response to forest loss and climate change. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4375. [PMID: 38821947 PMCID: PMC11143270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems require detailed knowledge of the native plant compositions. Here, we map global forest tree composition and assess the impacts of historical forest cover loss and climate change on trees. The global occupancy of 10,590 tree species reveals complex taxonomic and phylogenetic gradients determining a local signature of tree lineage assembly. Species occupancy analyses indicate that historical forest loss has significantly restricted the potential suitable range of tree species in all forest biomes. Nevertheless, tropical moist and boreal forest biomes display the lowest level of range restriction and harbor extremely large ranged tree species, albeit with a stark contrast in richness and composition. Climate change simulations indicate that forest biomes are projected to differ in their response to climate change, with the highest predicted species loss in tropical dry and Mediterranean ecoregions. Our findings highlight the need for preserving the remaining large forest biomes while regenerating degraded forests in a way that provides resilience against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina van Tiel
- Global Ecosystem Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Environmental Computational Science and Earth Observation Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Fabian Fopp
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Brun
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Johan van den Hoogen
- Global Ecosystem Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Casadei
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Biology and Chemistry Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisha Lyu
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Devis Tuia
- Environmental Computational Science and Earth Observation Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Global Ecosystem Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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6
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Wei B, Mao X, Liu S, Liu M, Wang Z, Kang P, Gao H, Tang W, Feng S, Pan Z. Breaking the poverty trap in an ecologically fragile region through ecological engineering: A close-up look at long-term changes in ecosystem services. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120921. [PMID: 38652992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ecological vulnerability and poverty are interrelated and must be addressed together. The resolution of this issue will help us to meet the challenges during the process of implementing concrete actions for realizing the 2030 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). Ecological restoration projects (ERPs) can enhance ecosystem services (ESs) while providing policy support for improving people's livelihoods. However, processes and mechanisms of ERPs on the ecological environment and socioeconomic development in poverty-stricken and ecologically fragile areas have rarely been studied. To address these issues, we conducted a comparative analysis on the changes of land use and land cover (LULC), ecosystem services (ESs), and socioeconomic development in Bijie City, a karst rocky desertification area in southwest China, before and after the implementation of ERPs in 2000, as well as the complex relationship between these factors. ERPs have affected LULCs, ESs, socioeconomics, and poverty reduction significantly since 2000. Specifically, the total ecosystem service value (ESV) in the study area has increased by more than 3 times in the past 30 years, with the ESV of tourism services and carbon storage increasing the most, from CNY 0.001 and 337.07 billion in 1990 to CNY 11.07 and 108.97 billion in 2019, respectively. The correlation between ESs is mainly synergistic, while the tradeoff between carbon storage and water yield is in a fluctuating upward trend. LULC conversion of cropland to green, and cropland to water, wetland and shrubs has positive effects on carbon storage and water yield, respectively. During study period, GDP, urbanization increased by over 70 times, 5 times, respectively, whereas poverty population, poverty incidence, and employment rate of various sectors (i.e., agriculture, forest, animal, and fishery, or AFAF) decreased by 96.4%, 97.7%, and 18.24%, respectively. Our findings emphasized that ERPs can effectively help poor and ecologically fragile areas to get out of the poverty trap and achieve the "win-win" goals of ecological and socio-economic sustainable development. These results have profound environmental management references to China and other developing countries around the world in realizing ecological restoration, poverty reduction, and the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojing Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Collegeof Landscape Architecture, Hunan Provincial Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Protected Areas Landscape Resources, Institute of Urban and Rural Landscape Ecology, Yuelushan Laboratory Variety Innovation Center, CSUFT, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xue Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Maochou Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Peng Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Haiqiang Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Wenxi Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Shuailong Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology (CSUFT), Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Nature Resources, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
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Schlenker A, Brauns M, Fink P, Lorenz AW, Weitere M. Long-term recovery of benthic food webs after stream restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171499. [PMID: 38453075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The assessment of restoration success often neglects trophic interactions within food webs, focusing instead on biodiversity and community structure. Here, we analysed the long-term recovery of food web structure based on stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) of benthic invertebrates and quantified responses of food web metrics to time since restoration. The samples derived from twelve restored sites with different restoration ages, sampled annually from 2012 to 2021, and covering an investigation period of up to 28 years after restoration for the whole catchment. Temporal developments of the restored sites were compared to the development of two near-natural sites. The restoration measures consisted of the cessation of sewage inflow and morphological restoration of the channels. As a clear and consistent result over almost all sites, trophic similarity (proportion of co-existing species occupying similar trophic niches) increased with time since restoration, and reached values of near-natural sites, suggesting an increase in the stability and resilience of the food webs. Surprisingly, resource diversity decreased at most restored sites within 10 years after restoration, probably due to the removal of wastewater-derived resources, and a shift towards leaf litter as the dominant resource following the regrowth of the riparian vegetation. Food chain length showed no consistent pattern over time at the different sites both increasing and decreasing with time since restoration. Overall, restoration had clear effects on the food web structure of stream ecosystems. While some effects such as the increase in trophic similarity were consistent at almost all sites, others such as response of the food chain length were context dependent. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing food web metrics, particularly trophic similarity, in restoration research to achieve a more holistic understanding of ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schlenker
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Mario Brauns
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty for Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Department River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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8
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Gillson L, Hoffman MT, Gell PA, Ekblom A, Bond WJ. Trees, carbon, and the psychology of landscapes. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:359-367. [PMID: 38129213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating climate change while safeguarding biodiversity and livelihoods is a major challenge. However, rampant afforestation threatens biodiversity and livelihoods, with questionable benefits to carbon storage. The narrative of landscape degradation is often applied without considering the history of the landscape. While some landscapes are undoubtedly deforested, others existed in open or mosaic states before human intervention, or have been deliberately maintained as such. In psychology, a 'fundamental attribution error' is made when characteristics are attributed without consideration of context or circumstances. We apply this concept to landscapes, and then propose a process that avoids attribution errors by testing a null hypothesis regarding past forest extent, using palaeoecology and other long-term data, alongside ecological and stakeholder knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Gillson
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; From May 2024: Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - M Timm Hoffman
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter A Gell
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | | | - William J Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Baumgarten S, Aarts N, Fliervoet JM, Krabbenborg L. Dynamics and Dependencies in Regional Collaboration for Biodiversity Restoration: Reflections from the Netherlands. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024:10.1007/s00267-024-01958-6. [PMID: 38448706 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity restoration on a landscape level requires people with different backgrounds to connect and collaborate over an extended period of time. Hence, understanding how conservation and restoration goals are negotiated and achieved necessitates an understanding of the dynamics of the social fabric: the social networks and interactions that develop, underpin, and sustain collective action. This paper identifies patterns and factors that have contributed to constructive collaboration for biodiversity in the rural area of Ooijpolder-Groesbeek, which has been at the vanguard of nature and landscape development in the Netherlands. We conducted a historical analysis of the period between 1985 and 2022, based on a broad range of literature and interviews with key actors in the region. We provide a narrative account of the tipping points and the preceding processes that propelled the region to its current state. The emergence of these tipping points is analyzed through the lens of a conceptual framework on the dynamic interplay between practices, social interactions, events, and circumstances. Our findings reveal how an integrative landscape approach, the use of suitable boundary objects, and continuous network building and relation management across various levels have contributed to the success of the collective effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Baumgarten
- Radboud University, Institute for Science in Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Noelle Aarts
- Radboud University, Institute for Science in Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Fliervoet
- Research group Communication, Participation & Social-Ecological Learning, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Velp, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Krabbenborg
- Radboud University, Institute for Science in Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Le TAT, Vodden K, Wu J, Bullock R, Sabau G. Payments for ecosystem services programs: A global review of contributions towards sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22361. [PMID: 38173537 PMCID: PMC10761366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Payments for ecosystem services programs (PESPs) are increasingly being adopted globally to enhance sustainability outcomes. There are also hundreds of studies yearly on various aspects of PESPs, but research on their contributions to sustainability of communities and the ecosystems they depend upon at the global scale are rare. Our global review explores twelve key characteristics of PESPs at three different phases (inputs - implementation - outputs and outcomes) and their relationship types of these characteristics to sustainability outcomes. To do so, we review 376 peer-review journal articles on PESPs, and test three hypotheses related to these relationships. Our findings confirm that the relationships between each of these characteristics and sustainability outcomes are bidirectional and/or multidirectional to some extent and can be positive, negative or both, depending on specific cases and research methods used to study these relationships. The findings also disclose that separating one characteristic as the primary causal factor in any relationship or outcome is not easy as relevant characteristics are linked in a complex network. Thereby, determining key characteristics of PESPs that drive relationships for the sake of sustainability is important. Through analyzing relationships between PESP characteristics, this study offers a series of suggestions to further aid the contributions of PESPs' contributions to sustainability in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet-Anh T. Le
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Forestry Economics Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, 46 Duc Thang ward, Northern Tu Liem, Hanoi 11910, Vietnam
| | - Kelly Vodden
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Environmental Policy Institute, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Jianghua Wu
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Ryan Bullock
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3B2E9, Canada
| | - Gabriela Sabau
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
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11
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Peng J, Tang H, Su C, Jiang H, Dong J, Xu D. Regarding reference state to identify priority areas for ecological restoration in a karst region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119214. [PMID: 37852077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Widespread degradation of natural ecosystems around the globe has resulted in several ecological problems. Ecological restoration is considered a global priority as an important means of mitigating ecosystem degradation and enhancing ecosystem services provision. Regarding ecosystem reference state is a prerequisite for ecological restoration. However, there were few studies focusing on how to regard reference state for ecological restoration, especially under a changing climate. Taking Guizhou Province, a typical karst region in China, as a case study area, in this study we firstly assessed ecosystem services under homogeneous climate conditions. Secondly, we defined the optimal ecosystem services as ecosystem reference state, and then evaluated restoration suitability under a comprehensive framework. Finally, ecological restoration priority areas (EPRAs), which included ecological reconstruction areas, assisted regeneration areas and conservation priority areas needing restoration, were identified by integrating restoration suitability and conservation priority areas. The results showed that the services of water conservation and habitat maintenance only increased less than 10% from 2001 to 2018. Identified ecological reconstruction areas and assisted regeneration areas covered 1078 km2 and 1159 km2 respectively. Additionally, 15 conservation priority areas with the total area of 18,507 km2 were identified as conservation priority areas needing restoration. Accounting for 11.78% of the total area, ERPAs were mostly located in the eastern part of Guizhou, including Qiandongnan, Tongren, and Zunyi. The approach proposed here for regarding ecosystem reference state after controlling climate variables and the framework for identifying ERPAs can provide a scientific reference for large-scale ecological restoration planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chong Su
- China Academy of Urban Planning & Design, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianquan Dong
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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12
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Eppinga MB, Michaels TK, Santos MJ, Bever JD. Introducing desirable patches to initiate ecosystem transitions and accelerate ecosystem restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2910. [PMID: 37602903 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Meeting restoration targets may require active strategies to accelerate natural regeneration rates or overcome the resilience associated with degraded ecosystem states. Introducing desired ecosystem patches in degraded landscapes constitutes a promising active restoration strategy, with various mechanisms potentially causing these patches to become foci from which desired species can re-establish throughout the landscape. This study considers three mechanisms previously identified as potential drivers of introduced patch dynamics: autocatalytic nucleation, directed dispersal, and resource concentration. These mechanisms reflect qualitatively different positive feedbacks. We developed an ecological model framework that compared how the occurrence of each mechanism was reflected in spatio-temporal patch dynamics. We then analyzed the implications of these relationships for optimal restoration design. We found that patch expansion accelerated over time when driven by the autocatalytic nucleation mechanism, while patch expansion driven by the directed dispersal or resource concentration mechanisms decelerated over time. Additionally, when driven by autocatalytic nucleation, patch expansion was independent of patch position in the landscape. However, the proximity of other patches affected patch expansion either positively or negatively when driven by directed dispersal or resource concentration. For autocatalytic nucleation, introducing many small patches was a favorable strategy, provided that each individual patch exceeded a critical patch size. Introducing a single patch or a few large patches was the most effective restoration strategy to initiate the directed dispersal mechanism. Introducing many small patches was the most effective strategy for reaching restored ecosystem states driven by a resource concentration mechanism. Our model results suggest that introducing desirable patches can substantially accelerate ecosystem restoration, or even induce a critical transition from an otherwise stable degraded state toward a desired ecosystem state. However, the potential of this type of restoration strategy for a particular ecosystem may strongly depend on the mechanism driving patch dynamics. In turn, which mechanism drives patch dynamics may affect the optimal spatial design of an active restoration strategy. Each of the three mechanisms considered reflects distinct spatio-temporal patch dynamics, providing novel opportunities for empirically identifying key mechanisms, and restoration designs that introduce desired patches in degraded landscapes according to these patch dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo K Michaels
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Maria J Santos
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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13
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Pétillon J, McKinley E, Alexander M, Adams JB, Angelini C, Balke T, Griffin JN, Bouma T, Hacker S, He Q, Hensel MJS, Ibáñez C, Macreadie PI, Martino S, Sharps E, Ballinger R, de Battisti D, Beaumont N, Burdon D, Daleo P, D'Alpaos A, Duggan-Edwards M, Garbutt A, Jenkins S, Ladd CJT, Lewis H, Mariotti G, McDermott O, Mills R, Möller I, Nolte S, Pagès JF, Silliman B, Zhang L, Skov MW. Top ten priorities for global saltmarsh restoration, conservation and ecosystem service research. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165544. [PMID: 37453706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saltmarshes provide globally important ecosystem services including 'blue carbon' sequestration, flood protection, pollutant remediation, habitat provision and cultural value. Large portions of marshes have been lost or fragmented as a result of land reclamation, embankment construction, and pollution. Sea level rise threatens marsh survival by blocking landward migration where coastlines have been developed. Research-informed saltmarsh conservation and restoration efforts are helping to prevent further loss, yet significant knowledge gaps remain. Using a mixed methods approach, this paper identifies ten research priorities through an online questionnaire and a residential workshop attended by an international, multi-disciplinary network of 35 saltmarsh experts spanning natural, physical and social sciences across research, policy, and practitioner sectors. Priorities have been grouped under four thematic areas of research: Saltmarsh Area Extent, Change and Restoration Potential (including past, present, global variation), Spatio-social contexts of Ecosystem Service delivery (e.g. influences of environmental context, climate change, and stakeholder groups on service provisioning), Patterns and Processes in saltmarsh functioning (global drivers of saltmarsh ecosystem structure/function) and Management and Policy Needs (how management varies contextually; challenges/opportunities for management). Although not intended to be exhaustive, the challenges, opportunities, and strategies for addressing each research priority examined here, providing a blueprint of the work that needs to be done to protect saltmarshes for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa.
| | - Emma McKinley
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meghan Alexander
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Janine B Adams
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental School for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment, University of Florida, Weil Hall 365, 1949 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thorsten Balke
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
| | - Sally Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Carles Ibáñez
- Climate Change Department, Area of Sustainability, Eurecat - Technological Centre of Catalonia, 43870 Amposta, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | | | - Elwyn Sharps
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK; Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rhoda Ballinger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Davide de Battisti
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, Palazzo Grassi, Calle Grassi Naccari 1060, 30015 Chioggia, Ve, Italy
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Daryl Burdon
- Daryl Burdon Ltd., Marine Research, Teaching and Consultancy, Willerby HU10 6LL, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea D'Alpaos
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angus Garbutt
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Stuart Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Cai J T Ladd
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather Lewis
- Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Giulio Mariotti
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, 1002-Q Energy, Coast and Environment Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Osgur McDermott
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), UN-Environment, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Rachael Mills
- Natural England, Foss House, Kings Pool, 1-2 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX, UK
| | - Iris Möller
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Stefanie Nolte
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jordi F Pagès
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Brian Silliman
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Lab. of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
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14
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Man Y, Liu K, Xie T, Zhou F, Shi W, Liu Z, Wang Q, Cui B. A multilevel social-ecological network approach for reconciling coastal saltmarsh conservation and development. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118647. [PMID: 37490840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
In a large-scale region, governance for connectivity in an ecological system often conflicts with management boundaries, causing inefficiencies. Collaboration among management organizations in different areas can help overcome this problem. However, few studies quantified the collaborations' practical relationship with connectivity, considering that some potentially connected paths are easy to neglect by managers. In this paper, collaborations among government agencies in project application process were analyzed, and a multilevel social-ecological network analysis (SENA) approach was developed to identify the collaboration's effect on genetically connected coastal areas. The network framework and methods were shown in a case of coastal saltmarsh conservation and development in the Yellow River Delta, China. Collaboration patterns in conservation and development networks were analyzed and compared among local, subregional, and regional government agencies working in genetically connected coastal areas. Project information flow, reflecting communication frequency and decision-making chances among government agencies was quantified and correlated with ecological connectivity to inform governance effects. Results showed areas with the potential to realize social-ecological alignment, where collaborative networks were measured by network density (percentage of connected network edges). The current reveals that development has more significant potential than conservation at most levels to overcome the misalignment of the social-ecological system, also known as scale mismatch. Empirical evidence also showed a correlation between communication capacity in development networks and improved ecological conditions. The multilevel SENA advanced in this paper can be used for natural resource management when connectivity plays a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Man
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China
| | - Fangwen Zhou
- China Construction Eco-Environmental Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Environmental Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Zezheng Liu
- Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Shandong, 257500, China.
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15
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Runnel K, Tamm H, Kohv M, Pent M, Vellak K, Lodjak J, Lõhmus A. Short-term responses of the soil microbiome and its environment indicate an uncertain future of restored peatland forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118879. [PMID: 37659362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring peatland ecosystems involves significant uncertainty due to complex ecological and socio-economic feedbacks as well as alternative stable ecological states. The primary aim of this study was to investigate to what extent the natural functioning of drainage-affected peat soils can be restored, and to examine role of soil microbiota in this recovery process. To address these questions, a large-scale before-after-control-impact (BACI) experiment was conducted in drained peatland forests in Estonia. The restoration treatments included ditch closure and partial tree cutting to raise the water table and restore stand structure. Soil samples and environmental data were collected before and 3-4 years after the treatments; the samples were subjected to metabarcoding to assess fungal and bacterial communities and analysed for their chemical properties. The study revealed some indicators of a shift toward the reference state (natural mixotrophic bog-forests): the spatial heterogeneity in soil fungi and bacteria increased, as well as the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi; while nitrogen content in the soil decreased significantly. However, a general stability of other physico-chemical properties (including pH remaining elevated by ca. one unit) and annual fluctuations in the microbiome suggested that soil recovery will remain incomplete and patchy for decades. The main implication is the necessity to manage hydrologically restored peatland forests while explicitly considering an uncertain future and diverse outcomes. This includes their continuous monitoring and the adoption of a precautionary approach to prevent further damage both to these ecosystems and to surrounding intact peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Runnel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Heidi Tamm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Kohv
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Pent
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Vellak
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanis Lodjak
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Asko Lõhmus
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Aryal K, Maraseni T, Apan A. Preference, perceived change, and professed relationship among ecosystem services in the Himalayas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118522. [PMID: 37390580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand side of ecosystem service (ES), especially preference and perception of supply and interactions among ES, is an important yet underexplored research area for landscape planning and management in human-dominated landscapes. Taking a case of multifunctional landscape in the Hindu-Kush Himalayan region, we carried out a social survey of ES, focusing on preference, perceived change, and observed relationship among six major ES from the local people's perspective. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data collection was done from 300 households from 10 categories of human settlements, based on watershed and land cover types. Garrett mean score (GMS), ordinal logistic regression estimates, and Chi-square test were performed for quantitative data, while an inductive approach was adopted for qualitative data analysis. The results show that at the landscape level, local people preferred water yield (GMS = 70) and crop production (GMS = 66) as the most preferred ES, whereas habitat quality (GMS = 37) and carbon sequestration (GMS = 35) were among the least preferred ES. More than 70% of the respondents believed that the supply of crop production has decreased over the last two decades; however, the supply of other provisioning and non-provisioning ES has increased as observed by majority of the respondents. Among the 15 pairs of ES, local people believe that co-occurrence of ES is possible. Majority of the respondents said that there exist synergistic relationship among 13 pairs of ES, except crop production which is negatively related with timber production and carbon sequestration. Among the identified trade-offs in ES, majority of local people believed that direct trade-offs (i.e., linear inverse relationship) is dominant as observed in 8 pairs of ES, followed by concave and convex trade-offs. Based on our analysis, we argue that the preference and perceived change of ES is more dependent on spatial heterogeneity of communities (i.e., watershed type, municipal category, and land cover type of residence) than socio-economic determinants. Further, we have discussed and suggested few policy and management measures including place-based spatial assessment of the social demand and preference, embracing agroforestry practices in ecosystem management programs, mainstreaming non-local ES in local decision making by incentives, and optimizing the supply of desired ES though integrated biophysical and socio-economic assessment of the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Aryal
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Ministry of Industry, Tourism, Forests, and Environment, Sudoorpaschim Province, Dhangadhi, Nepal
| | - Tek Maraseni
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Armando Apan
- University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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17
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Zheng Q, Ha T, Prishchepov AV, Zeng Y, Yin H, Koh LP. The neglected role of abandoned cropland in supporting both food security and climate change mitigation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6083. [PMID: 37770491 PMCID: PMC10539403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the looming land scarcity for agriculture, cropland abandonment is widespread globally. Abandoned cropland can be reused to support food security and climate change mitigation. Here, we investigate the potentials and trade-offs of using global abandoned cropland for recultivation and restoring forests by natural regrowth, with spatially-explicit modelling and scenario analysis. We identify 101 Mha of abandoned cropland between 1992 and 2020, with a capability of concurrently delivering 29 to 363 Peta-calories yr-1 of food production potential and 290 to 1,066 MtCO2 yr-1 of net climate change mitigation potential, depending on land-use suitability and land allocation strategies. We also show that applying spatial prioritization is key to maximizing the achievable potentials of abandoned cropland and demonstrate other possible approaches to further increase these potentials. Our findings offer timely insights into the potentials of abandoned cropland and can inform sustainable land management to buttress food security and climate goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zheng
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
| | - Tim Ha
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Alexander V Prishchepov
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, København K, Denmark
- Center for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Zeng
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - He Yin
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore.
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18
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Bergamo PJ, Rito KF, Viana BF, Garcia E, Lughadha EN, Maués MM, Rech AR, Silva FD, Varassin IG, Agostini K, Marques MC, Maruyama PK, Ravena N, Garibaldi LA, Knight TM, Oliveira PEM, Oppata AK, Saraiva AM, Tambosi LR, Tsukahara RY, Freitas L, Wolowski M. Integrating public engagement to intensify pollination services through ecological restoration. iScience 2023; 26:107276. [PMID: 37559905 PMCID: PMC10407755 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, human activities impose threats to nature and the provision of ecosystem services, such as pollination. In this context, ecological restoration provides opportunities to create managed landscapes that maximize biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture, e.g., via provision of pollination services. Managing pollination services and restoration opportunities requires the engagement of distinct stakeholders embedded in diverse social institutions. Nevertheless, frameworks toward sustainable agriculture often overlook how stakeholders interact and access power in social arenas. We present a perspective integrating pollination services, ecological restoration, and public engagement for biodiversity conservation and agricultural production. We highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment of pollination services, restoration opportunities identification, and a public engagement strategy anchored in institutional analysis of the social arenas involved in restoration efforts. Our perspective can therefore guide the implementation of practices from local to country scales to enhance biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Bergamo
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Kátia F. Rito
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Blandina F. Viana
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-210, Brazil
| | - Edenise Garcia
- Instituto de Conservação Ambiental the Nature Conservancy Brasil, São Paulo 01311-936, Brazil
| | - Eimear Nic Lughadha
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 9AE, UK
| | - Márcia M. Maués
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém 66095-903, Brazil
| | - André R. Rech
- Centre of Advanced Studies on Functioning of Ecological Systems and Interactions (CAFESIN-MULTIFLOR), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Isabela G. Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Kayna Agostini
- Department of Natural Science, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, Brazil
| | | | - Pietro K. Maruyama
- Centre for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nirvia Ravena
- Centre of Amazonian Studies, Federal University of Pará, de Altos Estudos Amazônicos, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Garibaldi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones em Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400, Argentina
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103 Germany
- Community Ecology Department, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Halle 06120, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06099, Germany
| | | | | | - Antônio M. Saraiva
- Polythecnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandro Freitas
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
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Haq SM, Pieroni A, Bussmann RW, Abd-ElGawad AM, El-Ansary HO. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge into habitat restoration: implications for meeting forest restoration challenges. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:33. [PMID: 37559120 PMCID: PMC10413632 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) helps tribal communities adapt to socio-ecological changes, improving the long-term sustainability of their livelihood strategies and fostering social-ecological resilience. TEK provides thorough understanding of ecosystem dynamics, as well as how they relate to societal norms, practices, and resource use patterns. The integrity of TEK is often in jeopardy due to changes in belief systems, regional languages, traditional ways of subsistence, and disruption of traditional social-ecological systems. Landscape restoration has the ability to promote self-determination while safeguarding the livelihoods, beliefs, cultural, and biodiversity of indigenous peoples. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap on how TEK might aid ecosystem restoration, particularly in elephant corridors. METHODS The current study focused on gathering traditional ecological knowledge on the woody tree species from the Dering-Dibru Saikhowa Elephant Corridor using semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and direct observations. The acquired data were applied to heat map cluster analysis and ordination techniques using R software version 4.0.0. RESULTS Traditional usage information of 31 tree species utilized for food, fodder, timber, fuelwood, medicinal, and livelihood by local people was gathered. Most of the species utilized locally belonged to the families Combretaceae and Fabaceae. The species were classified into single, double, or multi-uses based on the extent of utilization. Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus emblica, and Syzygium cumini (six each) had the highest utilization, while Mesua ferrea had the lowest. Chionanthus ramiflorus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Dillenia indica were among the plants valuable to wildlife, providing both forage and habitat for a wide variety of birds and animals. Artocarpus heterophyllus, Averrhoa carambola, Mangifera indica, P. emblica, Psidium guajava, and S. cumini were among the plants important for the livelihoods of the local community. Our findings demonstrated that local people were knowledgeable about the plant species to use as pioneer species, such as Bombax ceiba, Albizia lebbeck, D. indica, S. cumini, P. emblica, Lagerstroemia speciosa, and Alstonia scholaris, for habitat restoration in a diverse habitat. We classified the habitat of the enlisted species into different categories, and two clusters (clusters 1 and 2) were identified based on the similarity of woody species in different habitats. We prioritized multiple tree species for eco-restoration using the information collected through TEK. We planted 95,582 saplings on 150 hectares in the Dering-Dibru Saikhowa Elephant Corridors' degraded habitat patches, which will serve as future reference site for landscape rehabilitation. Out of total saplings planted, 56% of the species were linked to native communities through ethnobotanical uses, as well as providing connectivity and habitat for elephant movement, 16% of all woody species are pioneer species to colonize a degraded habitat, 15% of all woody species are preferred food and foraging by wildlife, and 13% of the species as a source of livelihood for local people, incorporating social, economic, cultural, and biodiversity benefits into the restoration framework. CONCLUSION The current study also provides insights how the TEK can assist with aspects of ecological restoration, from reference ecosystem reconstruction and adaptive management through species selection for restoration, monitoring, and evaluation of restoration effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Marifatul Haq
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Wildlife Trust of India, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Piazza V. Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Bra, Italy
| | - Rainer W. Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Life Sciences, State Museum of Natural History, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam O. El-Ansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Merino-Barbancho B, Abril Jiménez P, Mallo I, Lombroni I, Cea G, López Nebreda C, Cabrera MF, Fico G, Arredondo MT. Innovation through the Quintuple Helix in living labs: lessons learned for a transformation from lab to ecosystem. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1176598. [PMID: 37601223 PMCID: PMC10436200 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1176598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the process of growing societies, and especially in the digital era we live in, there is a need for a strong push for innovation that puts citizens at the center of the process from the beginning to build more resilient, cooperative and flexible communities. Different collaborative design approaches have emerged in recent decades, one of the most interesting being Living Labs, which involves user-centered design and co-creative innovation that bring together different actors and roles. However, although these new methodologies are harnessing creativity, some aspects of this new, more ecosystemic and complex vision are not clearly understood: possible barriers, how to facilitate local and operational solutions, overcoming institutional blockage, integrating new roles, etc. Methods The incorporation of the Quintuple Helix as a driver to ensure greater coordinated participation of local actors has proven its usefulness and impact during the re-adaptation of LifeSpace (previously named Smart House Living Lab), managed by the Polytechnic University of Madrid (Spain), a transformation based on the experiences and lessons learned during the large-scale ACTIVAGE pilot funded by the European Commission, more specifically at the Madrid Deployment Site. It involved more than 350 older adult people and other stakeholders from different areas, including family members, formal and informal caregivers, hospital service managers, third-age associations, and public service providers, forming a sense of community, which was called MAHA. Results The living lab infrastructure evolved from a single multi-purpose environment to incorporate three harmoniously competing environments: (1) THE LAB: Headquarters for planning, demonstration, initial design phases and entry point for newcomers to the process, (2) THE CLUB: Controlled interaction environment where returning users validate solutions, focusing mainly on AHA services (MAHA CLUB), such as exergames, social interaction applications, brain training activities, etc. (3) THE NEIGHBOURHOOD: Real-life environments for free and open interaction between actors and implementation of previously validated and tested solutions. Conclusion The Quintuple Helix model applied in LifeSpace's new vision allows a coordinated involvement of a more diverse set of actors, beyond the end-users and especially those who are not traditionally part of research and innovation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Merino-Barbancho
- Life Supporting Technologies, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Sofi II, Shah MA, Ganie AH. Integrating human footprint with ensemble modelling identifies priority habitats for conservation: a case study in the distributional range of Arnebia euchroma, a vulnerable species. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:914. [PMID: 37395941 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-driven rapid alteration of ecosystems globally is further complicated by growing anthropogenic pressures, especially in the ecologically sensitive mountainous regions. However, these two major drivers of change have largely been considered separately in species distribution models, thus compromising their reliability. Here, we integrated ensemble modelling with the human pressure index for predicting distribution and mapping priority regions across a whole range of occurrences for vulnerable species, Arnebia euchroma. Our results identified 3.08% of the study area as 'highly suitable', 2.45% as 'moderately suitable', and 94.45% as 'not suitable' or 'least suitable'. Compared to current climatic conditions, future RCP scenarios of 2050 and 2070 showed a significant loss in habitat suitability and a slight shift in the distribution pattern of the target species. By excluding the high-pressure areas of the human footprint from the predicted suitable habitats, we were able to identify the unique areas (70% of the predicted suitable area) that need special attention for conservation and restoration. Such models, if well implemented, may play a pivotal role in achieving the effective targets under the aegis of the current UN decade on ecological restoration (2021-2030) in accordance with SDG 15.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Iqbal Sofi
- University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aijaz H Ganie
- University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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22
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Dunn-Capper R, Quintero-Uribe LC, Pereira HM, Sandom CJ. Diverse approaches to nature recovery are needed to meet the varied needs of people and nature. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37363315 PMCID: PMC10209942 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Conservation and restoration projects often fail to engage local communities during the planning and implementation stage. In addition, when considering urban boundary ecosystems, there exists a wide range of stakeholders that must be involved in the planning process to ensure social equity in land management outcomes. Traditional methods for assessing future landscape change scenarios have been critiqued for their inability to adequately incorporate the diverse range of stakeholder values. This paper presents a multicriteria mapping study, incorporating a novel application of the Nature Futures Framework, to assess nature recovery scenarios on Brighton and Hove's Downland Estate-an urban boundary landscape surrounding the city of Brighton and Hove in Sussex, South East England. We focus on two key research outcomes. First, we assess the perceived performance of alternative nature recovery options across Nature Future value perspectives and between contrasting stakeholder groups. Second, by mapping stakeholder values from our multicriteria mapping study, we demonstrate that the Nature Futures Framework provides a robust framework within which to assess the diverse values stakeholders hold for land use change. We propose that utilizing the Nature Futures Framework, in combination with the multicriteria mapping interview technique, can form a valuable tool to elicit stakeholder values that may have been hidden, or underrepresented in traditional assessment methods, and to compare the perceived performance of alternative nature recovery scenarios between stakeholder groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-023-01337-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Dunn-Capper
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Laura C. Quintero-Uribe
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Henrique M. Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)–InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Christopher J. Sandom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG UK
- Sussex Sustainability Research Programme, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG UK
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23
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Song X, Yang Y, Xiao C, Zhang C, Liu Y, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Food Supply-Demand Balance in Uzbekistan under Different Scenarios. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102065. [PMID: 37238884 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The food supply-demand balance is a perpetual concern for many countries, especially developing countries, such as Uzbekistan. Using the land resource carrying capacity model, here, food supply and demand for the cereals and calories in Uzbekistan during 1995-2020 were revealed. Despite increased demand for cereals and calories, unstable crop production has led to volatile growth patterns. The carrying capacity of cropland resources under Uzbekistan's consumption standard shifted from overload to surplus and then to balance. Moreover, the carrying capacity of cropland resources under the healthy diet standard moved from balance to surplus in the past 25-years. Additionally, the calorific equivalent land resource carrying capacity under Uzbekistan's consumption standard fluctuated, with the carrying state shifting from balance to surplus, and the healthy diet standard still in overload. These findings can help guide sustainable production and consumption strategies in Uzbekistan and other countries by analyzing the consumption structure and changes in supply and demand relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Song
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Chiwei Xiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
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24
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Vos M, Hering D, Gessner MO, Leese F, Schäfer RB, Tollrian R, Boenigk J, Haase P, Meckenstock R, Baikova D, Bayat H, Beermann A, Beisser D, Beszteri B, Birk S, Boden L, Brauer V, Brauns M, Buchner D, Burfeid-Castellanos A, David G, Deep A, Doliwa A, Dunthorn M, Enß J, Escobar-Sierra C, Feld CK, Fohrer N, Grabner D, Hadziomerovic U, Jähnig SC, Jochmann M, Khaliq S, Kiesel J, Kuppels A, Lampert KP, Le TTY, Lorenz AW, Madariaga GM, Meyer B, Pantel JH, Pimentel IM, Mayombo NS, Nguyen HH, Peters K, Pfeifer SM, Prati S, Probst AJ, Reiner D, Rolauffs P, Schlenker A, Schmidt TC, Shah M, Sieber G, Stach TL, Tielke AK, Vermiert AM, Weiss M, Weitere M, Sures B. The Asymmetric Response Concept explains ecological consequences of multiple stressor exposure and release. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162196. [PMID: 36781140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our capacity to predict trajectories of ecosystem degradation and recovery is limited, especially when impairments are caused by multiple stressors. Recovery may be fast or slow and either complete or partial, sometimes result in novel ecosystem states or even fail completely. Here, we introduce the Asymmetric Response Concept (ARC) that provides a basis for exploring and predicting the pace and magnitude of ecological responses to, and release from, multiple stressors. The ARC holds that three key mechanisms govern population, community and ecosystem trajectories. Stress tolerance is the main mechanism determining responses to increasing stressor intensity, whereas dispersal and biotic interactions predominantly govern responses to the release from stressors. The shifting importance of these mechanisms creates asymmetries between the ecological trajectories that follow increasing and decreasing stressor intensities. This recognition helps to understand multiple stressor impacts and to predict which measures will restore communities that are resistant to restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Vos
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany.
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Ralph Tollrian
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ruhr University Bochum, Evolution and Biodiversity, Germany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Haase
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Meckenstock
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daria Baikova
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Helena Bayat
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Arne Beermann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bánk Beszteri
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Phycology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Boden
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Brauer
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Buchner
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Gwendoline David
- Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, Germany
| | - Aman Deep
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Annemie Doliwa
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Micah Dunthorn
- Eukaryotic Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julian Enß
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian K Feld
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
| | - Una Hadziomerovic
- Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja C Jähnig
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Jochmann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shaista Khaliq
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Kiesel
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | - Annabel Kuppels
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - T T Yen Le
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Armin W Lorenz
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Graciela Medina Madariaga
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Aquatic Microbial Ecology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Jelena H Pantel
- Ecological Modelling, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hong Hanh Nguyen
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristin Peters
- Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Management, Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, CAU Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Prati
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dominik Reiner
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Rolauffs
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schlenker
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manan Shah
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Aquatic Microbial Ecology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Guido Sieber
- Biodiversity, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Kathrin Tielke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Theoretical and Applied Biodiversity Research, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Vermiert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Ruhr University Bochum, Evolution and Biodiversity, Germany
| | - Martina Weiss
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department River Ecology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Essen, Germany
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Bhat IA, Fayaz M, Rafiq S, Guleria K, Qadir J, Wani TA, Kaloo ZA. Predicting potential distribution and range dynamics of Aquilegia fragrans under climate change: insights from ensemble species distribution modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:623. [PMID: 37115430 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the primary causes of species redistribution and biodiversity loss, especially for threatened and endemic important plant species. Therefore, it is vital to comprehend "how" and "where" priority medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) might be effectively used to address conservation-related issues under rapid climate change. In the present study, an ensemble modelling approach was used to investigate the present and future distribution patterns of Aquilegia fragrans Benth. under climate change in the entire spectrum of Himalayan biodiversity hotspot. The results of the current study revealed that, under current climatic conditions, the northwest states of India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the northern part of Uttarakhand), the eastern and southern parts of Pakistan Himalaya have highly suitable climatic conditions for the growth of A. fragrans. The ensemble model exhibited high forecast accuracy, with temperature seasonality and precipitation seasonality as the main climatic variables responsible for the distribution of the A. fragrans in the biodiversity hotspot. Furthermore, the study predicted that future climate change scenarios will diminish habitat suitability for the species by -46.9% under RCP4.5 2050 and -55.0% under RCP4.5 2070. Likewise, under RCP8.5, the habitat suitability will decrease by -51.7% in 2050 and -94.3% in 2070. The current study also revealed that the western Himalayan area will show the most habitat loss. Some currently unsuitable regions, such as the northern Himalayan regions of Pakistan, will become more suitable under climate change scenarios. Hopefully, the current approach may provide a robust technique and showcases a model with learnings for predicting cultivation hotspots and developing scientifically sound conservation plans for this endangered medicinal plant in the Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India.
| | - Mudasir Fayaz
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Shah Rafiq
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Khushboo Guleria
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Jasfeeda Qadir
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Tareq A Wani
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
| | - Zahoor A Kaloo
- Plant Tissue Culture Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, J&K, India
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Wang L, Wei F, Svenning JC. Accelerated cropland expansion into high integrity forests and protected areas globally in the 21st century. iScience 2023; 26:106450. [PMID: 37034983 PMCID: PMC10074200 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intact forests and protected areas (PAs) are central to global biodiversity conservation and nature-based climate change mitigation. However, cropland encroachment threatens the ecological integrity and resilience of their functioning. Using satellite observations, we find that a large proportion of croplands in the remaining forests globally have been gained during 2003-2019, especially for high-integrity forests (62%) and non-forest biomes (60%) and tropical forests (47%). Cropland expansion during 2011-2019 in forests globally has even doubled (130% relative increase) than 2003-2011, with high medium-integrity (190%) and high-integrity (165%) categories and non-forest (182%) and tropical forest biomes (136%) showing higher acceleration. Unexpectedly, a quarter of croplands in PAs globally were gained during 2003-2019, again with a recent accelerated expansion (48%). These results suggest insufficient protection of these irreplaceable landscapes and a major challenge to global conservation. More effective local, national, and international coordination among sustainable development goals 15, 13, and 2 is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhui Wang
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fangli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) & Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Frietsch M, Loos J, Löhr K, Sieber S, Fischer J. Future-proofing ecosystem restoration through enhancing adaptive capacity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:377. [PMID: 37029278 PMCID: PMC10082013 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social-ecological ecosystem restoration involves interacting challenges, including climate change, resource overexploitation and political instability. To prepare for these and other emerging threats, we synthesized key restoration and social-ecological systems literature and derived three guiding themes that can help to enhance the adaptive capacity of restoration sites: (i) work with the existing system, (ii) create self-sustaining, adaptive systems, and (iii) foster diversity and participation. We propose a two-step approach and provide an example from Rwanda detailing the application of these principles. While site-specific activities have to be designed and implemented by local practitioners, our synthesis can guide forward-thinking restoration practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Frietsch
- Leuphana University, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
- University of Rwanda, Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, KN 7 Ave, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Jacqueline Loos
- Leuphana University, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Leuphana University, Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Löhr
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 85, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 85, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Resource Economics, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joern Fischer
- Leuphana University, Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Faculty of Sustainability, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
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Tedesco AM, López-Cubillos S, Chazdon R, Rhodes JR, Archibald CL, Pérez-Hämmerle KV, Brancalion PHS, Wilson KA, Oliveira M, Correa DF, Ota L, Morrison TH, Possingham HP, Mills M, Santos FC, Dean AJ. Beyond ecology: ecosystem restoration as a process for social-ecological transformation. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00036-8. [PMID: 36898928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration conventionally focuses on ecological targets. However, while ecological targets are crucial to mobilizing political, social, and financial capital, they do not encapsulate the need to: integrate social, economic, and ecological dimensions and systems approaches; reconcile global targets and local objectives; and measure the rate of progress toward multiple and synergistic goals. Restoration is better conceived as an inclusive social-ecological process that integrates diverse values, practices, knowledge, and restoration objectives across temporal and spatial scales and stakeholder groups. Taking a more process-based approach will ultimately enable greater social-ecological transformation, greater restoration effectiveness, and more long-lasting benefits to people and nature across time and place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anazélia M Tedesco
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Sofía López-Cubillos
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; International Institute for Sustainability Australia, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Carla L Archibald
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, Burwood Campus, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Katharina-Victoria Pérez-Hämmerle
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | | | - Diego F Correa
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Liz Ota
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Tiffany H Morrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hugh P Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Morena Mills
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Angela J Dean
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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29
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Jiang X, Sun Y, Qu Y, Zeng H, Yang J, Zhang K, Liu L. The development and future frontiers of global ecological restoration projects in the twenty-first century: a systematic review based on scientometrics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32230-32245. [PMID: 36735127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration projects are becoming a mainstream of research, and their studies are widely followed by scholars worldwide, yet there is no comprehensive review of this research. Nowadays, bibliometrics has attracted much attention from the scientific community, and its methodological approach allows quantitative and qualitative analysis of research performance in journals or subject areas. This paper provides a systematic and comprehensive description of the progress and hotspots of ecological restoration projects from a bibliometric perspective, based on 1173 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Research on ecological restoration projects has shown a positive growth trend since the twenty-first century. China and the USA are the most active countries in terms of the number of relevant articles published, and more than half of the top 10 active institutions are from China, but there is less collaboration between different countries/institutions. Research in ecological restoration projects is summarized into three main research areas: the main ecological damage problems, the impact of human beings on ecological damage, and the main methods of ecological restoration. Finally, some challenges and outlooks conducive to the rapid and balanced development of ecological restoration projects are presented, which provide valuable references and help for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Yitao Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanping Qu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Houyuan Zeng
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Jingtian Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Kaiyou Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Forest and Grassland Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, 621000, China.
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30
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Rifai H, Quevedo JMD, Lukman KM, Sondak CFA, Risandi J, Hernawan UE, Uchiyama Y, Ambo-Rappe R, Kohsaka R. Potential of seagrass habitat restorations as nature-based solutions: Practical and scientific implications in Indonesia. AMBIO 2023; 52:546-555. [PMID: 36484926 PMCID: PMC9849659 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses offer diverse ecosystem services, yet, they are among the most threatened ecosystems. When degraded or destroyed, their services are lost or reduced in the process, affecting, for instance, local communities directly dependent on their livelihood provision. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that climate change is projected to worsen over time; thus, there is an urgent need for mitigation strategies in practice and also in the longer term. This work aims to provide an alternative perspective of seagrass restoration as a nature based solution (NbS) on a global scale, yet, giving an emphasis on tropical regions such as Indonesia. We focused on seagrass restorations which are not yet well established in comparison with other restoration programs (e.g., mangroves) despite their critical roles. We present in this work how restoring seagrass meadows fits the global standard of NbS published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The results of this study can serve as a basis for promoting seagrass restorations as NbS against climate change particularly in countries with a wide extent of seagrass coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husen Rifai
- Research Center for Oceanography - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Jay Mar D Quevedo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kevin Muhamad Lukman
- Research Center for Oceanography - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Calyvn F A Sondak
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, l. Kampus, Bahu, Kec. Malalayang, Manado, Sulawesi Utara, 95115, Indonesia
| | - Johan Risandi
- Research Center for Oceanography - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Marine Research Center, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Udhi Eko Hernawan
- Research Center for Oceanography - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Yuta Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo, 657-850, Japan
| | - Rohani Ambo-Rappe
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ryo Kohsaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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31
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Le TAT, Vodden K, Wu J, Atiwesh G. Trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem services for sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2023; 2. [DOI: 10.3389/fsrma.2023.1129396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
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32
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Riva F, Fahrig L. Landscape-scale habitat fragmentation is positively related to biodiversity, despite patch-scale ecosystem decay. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:268-277. [PMID: 36468190 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often extrapolated to infer negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity at landscape scales. However, such cross-scale extrapolations typically fail. A recent, landmark, patch-scale analysis (Chase et al., 2020, Nature 584, 238-243) demonstrates positive patch size effects on biodiversity, that is, 'ecosystem decay' in small patches. Other authors have already extrapolated this result to infer negative fragmentation effects, that is, higher biodiversity in a few large than many small patches of the same cumulative habitat area. We test whether this extrapolation is valid. We find that landscape-scale patterns are opposite to their analogous patch-scale patterns: for sets of patches with equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with increasing mean size of the patches comprising that area, even when considering only species of conservation concern. Preserving small habitat patches will, therefore, be key to sustain biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Spatial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Tang F, Li Y, Liu X, Huang J, Zhang Y, Xu Q. Understanding the Relationships between Landscape Eco-Security and Multifunctionality in Cropland: Implications for Supporting Cropland Management Decisions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1938. [PMID: 36767302 PMCID: PMC9916074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cropland is an essential strategic resource, for which landscape ecological security and multifunctionality evolution are related to regional stability and sustainable social development. However, few studies have explored the spatial heterogeneity of the coupling between the two from a multiregional and systematic perspective, and the interaction mechanisms have still not been thoroughly analyzed. In this study, a typical karst trough and valley area in the mountainous regions of southwest China was selected as the research object, and by establishing a multi-indicator evaluation system using a landscape pattern index, a multifunctional identification model, a coupled coordination model, and a geodetector model, the spatial variability in the evolutionary characteristics and the coupling and coordination of cropland landscape ecological security (CLES) and cropland multifunctionality (CM) in the mountainous regions of the southwest and their driving mechanisms were explored. The main results were as follows: (1) CLES in the mountainous areas of southwest China has undergone an evolutionary process of first declining and then slowly rising, with the characteristics of "fast declining in the high-value areas and slow rising in the low-value areas", while CM showed a spatial distribution of "high in the northwest and low in the northeast", with positive contributions originating from ecological functions. (2) Over the 20 years, the cropland coupling coordination degree (CCCD) values showed significant spatial heterogeneity, which was regionally expressed as ejective folds (EF) > TF (tight folds) > TLF (trough-like folds) > AF (anticlinorium folds). Low CCCD values were primarily found in the east, whereas high levels were primarily found in the west, with a rapidly diminishing trend. (3) There were differences in the driving mechanisms of CCDD in different landscapes, but GDP was still the determining factor and had a limiting effect. Hence, we call for the adoption of a "function over pattern" approach in areas with more development constraints and a "pattern over function" approach in areas with fewer development constraints. Ultimately, this study will contribute to the formation of a coupled cropland mechanism system described as the "multi-mechanisms drive, multi-elements integrated" system. In conclusion, this study can provide a better understanding of the relationship between cropland patterns and multifunctionality, which can help provide a basis for cropland conservation and landscape planning in similar mountainous areas and promote the achievement of sustainable agricultural development goals in the mountainous areas of southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yangbing Li
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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Tölgyesi C, Hábenczyus AA, Kelemen A, Török P, Valkó O, Deák B, Erdős L, Tóth B, Csikós N, Bátori Z. How to not trade water for carbon with tree planting in water-limited temperate biomes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158960. [PMID: 36167140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The most widespread nature-based solution for mitigating climate change is tree planting. When realized as forest restoration in historically forested biomes, it can efficiently contribute to the sequestration of atmospheric carbon and can also entail significant biodiversity and ecosystem service benefits. Conversely, tree planting in naturally open biomes can have adverse effects, of which water shortage due to increased evapotranspiration is among the most alarming ones. Here we assessed how soil texture affects the strength of the trade-off between tree cover and water balance in the forest-steppe biome, where the global pressure for afforestation is threatening with increasing tree cover above historical levels. Here we monitored vertical soil moisture dynamics in four stands in each of the most common forest types of lowland Hungary on well-drained, sandy (natural poplar groves, and Robinia and pine plantations) and on poorly drained, silty-clayey soils (natural oak stands and Robinia plantations), and neighboring grasslands. We found that forests on sand retain moisture in the topsoil (approx. 20 cm) throughout the year, but a thick dry layer develops below that during the vegetation period, significantly impeding groundwater recharge. Neighboring sandy grasslands showed an opposite pattern, with often dry topsoil but intact moisture reserves below, allowing deep percolation. In contrast, forests on silty-clayey soils did not desiccate lower soil layers compared neighboring grasslands, which in turn showed moisture patterns similar to sandy grasslands. We conclude that, in water-limited temperate biomes where landscape-wide water regime depends on deep percolation, soil texture should drive the spatial allocation of tree-based climate mitigation efforts. On sand, the establishment of new forests should be kept to a minimum and grassland restoration should be preferred. The trade-off between water and carbon is less pronounced on silty-clayey soils, making forest patches and wooded rangelands viable targets for both climate mitigation and ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tölgyesi
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendület Applied Ecology Research Group, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary.
| | | | - András Kelemen
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary; ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány utca 2-4, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary
| | - Péter Török
- ELKH-DE Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden - Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Prawdziwka St., 202-973 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Orsolya Valkó
- ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány utca 2-4, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary
| | - Balázs Deák
- ÖK Lendület Seed Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány utca 2-4, Vácrátót 2163, Hungary
| | - László Erdős
- ELKH-DE Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány utca 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Benedek Tóth
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Nándor Csikós
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Applied Ecology Research Group, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary; Department of Soil Mapping and Environmental Informatics, Institute for Soil Sciences, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest 122, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bátori
- Department of Ecology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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35
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Tedesco AM, Brancalion PHS, Hepburn MLH, Walji K, Wilson KA, Possingham HP, Dean AJ, Nugent N, Elias-Trostmann K, Perez-Hammerle KV, Rhodes JR. The role of incentive mechanisms in promoting forest restoration. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210088. [PMID: 36373914 PMCID: PMC9661954 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest restoration has been proposed as a scalable nature-based solution to achieve global environmental and socio-economic outcomes and is central to many policy initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge. Restored forests contain appreciable biodiversity, improve habitat connectivity and sequester carbon. Incentive mechanisms (e.g. payments for ecosystem services and allocation of management rights) have been a focus of forest restoration efforts for decades. Yet, there is still little understanding of their role in promoting restoration success. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate how incentive mechanisms are used to promote forest restoration, outcomes, and the biophysical and socio-economic factors that influence implementation and program success. We found that socio-economic factors, such as governance, monitoring systems and the experience and beliefs of participants, dominate whether or not an incentive mechanism is successful. We found that approximately half of the studies report both positive ecological and socio-economic outcomes. However, reported adverse outcomes were more commonly socio-economic than ecological. Our results reveal that achieving forest restoration at a sufficient scale to meet international commitments will require stronger assessment and management of socio-economic factors that enable or constrain the success of incentive mechanisms. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anazelia M. Tedesco
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Michelle L. Hak Hepburn
- Department of Anthropology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Khalil Walji
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy,World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Kerrie A. Wilson
- Centre for the Environment, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angela J. Dean
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Nick Nugent
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Katerina Elias-Trostmann
- BNP Paribas, Katerina Elias-Trostmann, Sustainability and ESG, BNP Paribas, Avenida Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek, 1909, Sao Paulo 04543-907, Brazil
| | - Katharina-Victoria Perez-Hammerle
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Rhodes
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia,Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Mohr JJ, Cummins TM, Floyd TM, Metcalf EC, Callaway RM, Nelson CR. Age, experience, social goals, and engagement with research scientists may promote innovation in ecological restoration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274153. [PMID: 37098011 PMCID: PMC10128931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovation in ecological restoration is necessary to achieve the ambitious targets established in United Nations conventions and other global restoration initiatives. Innovation is also crucial for navigating uncertainties in repairing and restoring ecosystems, and thus practitioners often develop innovations at project design and implementation stages. However, innovation in ecological restoration can be hindered by many factors (e.g., time and budget constraints, and project complexity). Theory and research on innovation has been formally applied in many fields, yet explicit study of innovation in ecological restoration remains nascent. To assess the use of innovation in restoration projects, including its drivers and inhibitors, we conducted a social survey of restoration practitioners in the United States. Specifically, we assessed relationships between project-based innovation and traits of the individual practitioner (including, for example, age, gender, experience); company (including, for example, company size and company's inclusion of social goals); project (including, for example, complexity and uncertainty); and project outcomes (such as completing the project on time/on budget and personal satisfaction with the work). We found positive relationships between project-based innovation and practitioner traits (age, gender, experience, engagement with research scientists), one company trait (company's inclusion of social goals in their portfolio), and project traits (project complexity and length). In contrast, two practitioner traits, risk aversion and the use of industry-specific information, were negatively related to project-based innovation. Satisfaction with project outcomes was positively correlated with project-based innovation. Collectively, the results provide insights into the drivers and inhibitors of innovation in restoration and suggest opportunities for research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakki J Mohr
- College of Business and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Tina M Cummins
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Theresa M Floyd
- College of Business, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Cara R Nelson
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Wei X, Song W, Shao Y, Cai X. Progress of Ecological Restoration Research Based on Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:520. [PMID: 36612842 PMCID: PMC9819557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the deterioration of the global/regional ecological environment, ecological restoration plays an important role in sustainable development. However, due to the differences in research methods, objectives, and perspectives, the research results are highly diverse. This makes it necessary to sort the publications related to ecological restoration, clarify the research status, grasp the research hotspots, and predict the future research trends. Here, 23,755 articles from the core database of Web of Science were retrieved, and bibliometric analysis was carried out to understand the global ecological restoration research progress from 1990 to 2022 from a macro perspective, with the aim to determine the future development direction. The results are as follows. (1) From 1990 to 2022, the number of publications in the field of ecological restoration constantly increased, and the fluctuation of the average annual citations increased. The most important articles were published in high-ranking journals. (2) Ecological restoration covers a wide range of research areas, including biodiversity, ecosystem services, climate change, land use, and ecological restoration theories and technologies. The four main hotspots in this field are heavy metal removal, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen concentrations, grassland ecological restoration, and evaluation framework and modeling of ecological restoration's effects. Currently, studies focus on river basin remediation, heavy metal removal, and forest restoration. (3) Future ecological restoration research should strengthen the multi-object aspect and multi-scale ecological restoration research, improve the ecological restoration effect evaluation system, and incorporate social and economic issues. This study identified current research hotspots and predicted potential future research directions, providing a scientific reference for future studies in the field of ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Urban-Rural Integration Development, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Ya Shao
- School of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Xiangwen Cai
- School of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
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Wantzen KM, Piednoir T, Cao Y, Vazhayil AM, Tan C, Kari FG, Lagerström M, Gerner NV, Sommerhäuser MM. Back to the surface – Daylighting urban streams in a Global North–South comparison. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.838794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many urban streams have vanished from the surface as a collateral effect of urban growth. Often, these buried streams have been forgotten, and only street names remind us of their existence. Reasons for stream burial include the gain of space for road or house construction or the use of stream water to transport wastewater. Today, restoration efforts to bring back fully canalized streams to the surface and to restore their stream bed (so-called daylighting) are being increasingly integrated into urban blue-green space planning, recognizing the high ecological and social value of urban streams, especially to support resilience against climate change impacts in cities. In this paper, we briefly revise the impacts of stream burial, present a series of case studies of daylighting from Europe (France, Switzerland, and Germany), and compare them with case studies from Asia (China, India, Taiwan). We found that high real estate prices, limited buffer riparian zone and resistance by the inhabitants were the greatest obstacles to stream daylighting projects. In contrast, economic gains from separating wastewater from rainwater and revival of cultural linkages with water were the strongest drivers to restore these streams. We then present methods on how to identify buried streams as candidates for daylighting and deliver criteria to select the most promising candidates. Acknowledging that each restoration project requires to be adapted to the local biophysical and local setting, we deliver a preliminary decision support system and a guideline for identifying the best candidate streams for daylighting projects, including the arguments in favor of restoration, the caveats, the social processes of decision-making, and perspectives for the integration of stream daylighting into urban climate change mitigation and adaptation concepts, in a Global North-South comparison.
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DeFries R, Agarwala M, Baquie S, Choksi P, Khanwilkar S, Mondal P, Nagendra H, Uperlainen J. Improved household living standards can restore dry tropical forests. Biotropica 2022; 54:1480-1490. [PMID: 36582545 PMCID: PMC9786345 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite multiple approaches over the last several decades to harmonize conservation and development goals in the tropics, forest-dependent households remain the poorest in the world. Durable housing and alternatives to fuelwood for cooking are critical needs to reduce multi-dimensional poverty. These improvements also potentially reduce pressure on forests and alleviate forest degradation. We test this possibility in dry tropical forests of the Central Indian Highlands where tribal and other marginalized populations rely on forests for energy, construction materials, and other livelihood needs. Based on a remotely sensed measure of forest degradation and a 5000 household survey of forest use, we use machine learning (causal forests) and other statistical methods to quantify treatment effects of two improved living standards-alternatives to fuelwood for cooking and non-forest-based housing material-on forest degradation in 1, 2, and 5 km buffers around 500 villages. Both improved living standards had significant treatment effects (-0.030 ± 0.078, -0.030 ± 0.023, 95% CI), respectively, with negative values indicating less forest degradation, within 1 km buffers around villages. Treatment effects were lower with increasing distance from villages. Results suggest that improved living standards can both reduce forest degradation and alleviate poverty. Forest restoration efforts can target improved living standards for local communities without conflicts over land tenure or taking land out of production to plant trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Sandra Baquie
- School of International and Public AffairsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Pooja Choksi
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarika Khanwilkar
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Pinki Mondal
- Department of Geography and Spatial SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | | | - Johannes Uperlainen
- School of Advanced International StudiesJohns Hopkins UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
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Krzemień A, Álvarez Fernández JJ, Riesgo Fernández P, Fidalgo Valverde G, Garcia-Cortes S. Restoring Coal Mining-Affected Areas: The Missing Ecosystem Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14200. [PMID: 36361082 PMCID: PMC9655276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-criteria decision analysis and cost-benefit analysis, either individually or in combination, have been used as the preferred tools to develop ecosystem services valuation, presenting significant discrepancies and variations between the calculated values. To counteract this problem, a new framework was developed based on a hierarchical weighting of the non-provisioning ecosystem services, using biodiversity as the reference ecosystem service since it is the easiest to apprehend. Their monetisation was made using the average price of EU carbon dioxide emission allowances during 2019 and 2020, obtaining reasonable and comparable results in line with what was expected for the study region. However, the revised EU Emissions Trading System Directive, which will apply from 2021-2030, generated a price escalation of carbon allowances, making it necessary to adjust or rethink the proposed framework. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes the introduction of new vectors or "missing ecosystem services" to counterbalance efforts to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions without necessarily removing humans from the equation: welfare and human health. As the linkages regarding ecosystem health, ecological restoration and human health are not well known, only welfare was incorporated into the framework. The results were highly satisfactory, in line with what was expected for the study region and the ones obtained before the price escalation of carbon allowances that started in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Krzemień
- Department of Extraction Technologies, Rockburst and Risk Assessment, Central Mining Institute, 40166 Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Pedro Riesgo Fernández
- School of Mining, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
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Estimates of regeneration potential in the Pannonian sand region help prioritize ecological restoration interventions. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1136. [PMID: 36302892 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration prioritization helps determine optimal restoration interventions in national and regional spatial planning to create sustainable landscapes and maintain biodiversity. Here we investigate different forest-steppe vegetation types in the Pannonian sand region to provide restoration recommendations for conservation management, policy and research. We create spatial trajectories based on local, neighbouring and old-field regeneration capacity estimates of the Hungarian Habitat Mapping Database, compare the trajectories between different mesoregions and determine which environmental predictors possibly influence them at the mesoregion level using a random forest model. The trajectories indicate which types of passive or active restoration intervention are needed, including increasing connectivity, controlling invasive species, or introducing native species. Better restoration results can be achieve in the vicinity of larger (semi-)natural areas, but the specific site conditions must also be taken into account during prioritization. We also propose large-scale grassland restoration on abandoned agricultural fields instead of industrial forest plantations and afforestation with non-native species.
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42
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Zheng F, Xiao C, You Z, Feng Z. Evaluating the Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity in Laos Using a Three-Dimensional Tetrahedron Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13816. [PMID: 36360696 PMCID: PMC9654552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The quantitative evaluation and comprehensive measurement of resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) are key links in the study of RECC from classification to synthesis. Laos, as the only landlocked country of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), is an important economic corridor (i.e., China-MSEA Economic Corridor) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). (2) Methods: Based on the human settlements index (HSI), resource carrying index (RCI), and socio-economic development index (SDI), here, a three-dimensional tetrahedron model for the comprehensive assessment of RECC with equilibrium significance was constructed, including HSI-based suitability classification, RCI-based restrictive classification, and SDI-based adaptability classification. Taking provinces as the basic unit, we quantitatively assessed and comprehensively evaluated RECC in Laos using a three-dimensional tetrahedron model. (3) Results: The human settlement environment in Laos is mainly characterized by the moderate suitable category (85%), while the high suitability area (merely 5%) supports more than 30% of the total population. Laos had over 90% of its area in good condition in resources and environmental carrying status (surplus or balanced state), translating into more than 95% of the population. The social and economic development level is mainly characterized by low-level development (43%), with nearly 30% of the population living in these low-level areas. The comprehensive bearing state of resources and environment is characterized by surplus, and 85% of the population is distributed in the surplus area, which occupies 63% of the land. (4) Conclusions: It is possible to better explore the adaptation strategies and countermeasures for enhancing RECC in Laos and provide a scientific reference for regional sustainable development. We believe that the three-dimensional tetrahedron method can be applied to quantitatively evaluate and comprehensively measure RECC at larger scale, e.g., the BRI regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zheng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chiwei Xiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zhen You
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 101149, China
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43
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Guo X, Yu B, Yan M, Guo H, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Endogenous Development Models and Paths Selection of Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Ecological Environment Advantages: A Case Study of Nanshi Village, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11979. [PMID: 36231281 PMCID: PMC9565515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to discuss how to give full play to the comparative advantages of the rural ecological environment and realize the endogenous development of rural society and economy in China. First, based on the ecological economy theory of "lucid waters and lush mountains are golden and silver mountains" (the "two mountains" theory), we integrated the theories and methods of ecology, economics, and geography disciplines to examine the transformation of "ecological advantages" into "economic development" from a comprehensive perspective. Second, based on the matching relationship between the division of major function zones and the classification of ecological services, we creatively constructed a theoretical framework for the endogenous development of rural areas. Third, accounting indicators and methods for rural ecological products' biophysical quantity and monetary value are established. Finally, we conducted an empirical study of Nanshi Village in central China as a case. The results showed that: The benefits provided by ecosystems to the development of human society would be underestimated if it is measured only by the provisioning services; the per capita Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) of the case area was three times the per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents in the same period. Taking advantage of the rural ecological environment to promote the actual transformation of the potential value of ecological products is the feasible path for rural revitalization. One of the implications of this study is that it links the rural ecological and environmental advantages with social and economic development from the perspective of ecological economics and provides decision-making support for this case and other similar rural ecological industry revitalization practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Meiyan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Teacher Education, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junhu Ren
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zonggang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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44
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Liang Y, Song W. Integrating potential ecosystem services losses into ecological risk assessment of land use changes: A case study on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115607. [PMID: 35780675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, climate change has caused a significant increase in the natural disaster risk on a global scale, posing a great threat to humans and ecosystems. In addition to natural disasters, climate change and human activity-driven land use changes can also increase the ecological risk by reducing the supply of ecosystem services for humans. However, compared with the mature risk assessment framework in the field of natural disasters, the ecological risk of land use change is still a novel concept, and neither the connotation nor the evaluation methods are sufficiently defined. Therefore, with the help of the classic framework in the field of disaster risk assessment, a new framework for assessing the ecological risk of land use change is proposed and applied to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The ecological risk of land use changes can be defined as the product of the possibility of land use changes and the hazard (loss of ecosystem services) caused by land use changes. In the future, the possibility of land use change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be higher in the east and lower in the west; the accompanying hazards are predicted to be higher in the southeast and lower in the central and western regions. The ecological risk of land use changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will be highest in the southeastern part and along the edges of the plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; School of Architecture and Design, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Urban-rural Integration Development, Shijiazhuang, 050061, PR China.
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45
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Cooke SJ, Frempong‐Manso A, Piczak ML, Karathanou E, Clavijo C, Ajagbe SO, Akeredolu E, Strauch AM, Piccolo J. A freshwater perspective on the United Nations decade for ecosystem restoration. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Acacia Frempong‐Manso
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Morgan L. Piczak
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Eirini Karathanou
- Biology Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | | - Stephen O. Ajagbe
- Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Department Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan Nigeria
| | | | - Ayron M. Strauch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management University of Hawai‘i Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - John Piccolo
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM Karlstad University Karlstad Sweden
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46
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Wurz A, Tscharntke T, Martin DA, Osen K, Rakotomalala AANA, Raveloaritiana E, Andrianisaina F, Dröge S, Fulgence TR, Soazafy MR, Andriafanomezantsoa R, Andrianarimisa A, Babarezoto FS, Barkmann J, Hänke H, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Rakouth B, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Ranarijaona HLT, Randriamanantena R, Ratsoavina FM, Raveloson Ravaomanarivo LH, Grass I. Win-win opportunities combining high yields with high multi-taxa biodiversity in tropical agroforestry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4127. [PMID: 35882849 PMCID: PMC9325886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the biodiversity crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on the relation between seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants) and yields in vanilla agroforests in Madagascar. Agroforests established in forests supported overall 23% fewer species and 47% fewer endemic species than old-growth forests, and 14% fewer endemic species than forest fragments. In contrast, agroforests established on fallows had overall 12% more species and 38% more endemic species than fallows. While yields increased with vanilla vine density and length, non-yield related variables largely determined biodiversity. Nonetheless, trade-offs existed between yields and butterflies as well as reptiles. Vanilla yields were generally unrelated to richness of trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and ants, opening up possibilities for conservation outside of protected areas and restoring degraded land to benefit farmers and biodiversity alike. Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs is a challenge in agriculture. Here, Wurz et al. find that in Malagasy vanilla agroforests, vanilla yield is generally not related to tree, herbaceous plant, bird, amphibian, reptile and ant biodiversity, creating opportunities for conservation outside protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wurz
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominic Andreas Martin
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Osen
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anjaharinony A N A Rakotomalala
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Entomology Department Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, PO Box 906, Antananarivo, 101, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Raveloaritiana
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Fanilo Andrianisaina
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and Sustainable Development, Higher School of Agronomic Science,University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Saskia Dröge
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thio Rosin Fulgence
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | - Marie Rolande Soazafy
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar.,Doctoral School of Natural Ecosystems (EDEN), University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rouvah Andriafanomezantsoa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Aristide Andrianarimisa
- Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Jan Barkmann
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hänke
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Research Unit Environmental- and Resource Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bakolimalala Rakouth
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Romual Randriamanantena
- Natural and Environmental Sciences, Regional University Centre of the SAVA Region (CURSA), Antalaha, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Paleoecology reveals lost ecological connections and strengthens ecosystem restoration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206436119. [PMID: 35714288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206436119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Opportunities for Integrating Social Science into Research on Dry Forest Restoration: A Mini-Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seasonally dry tropical forest ecosystems have been greatly reduced in areas through conversions to alternate land uses such as grazing and crop production. The U.N. Decade on Restoration has focused attention on both restoration globally, and also regional attention on tropical dry forests, as they are excellent candidates for regeneration and reforestation. As such, the science of how we restore dry forests is advancing; however, few studies of dry forest restoration include collaborations with social scientists. This is unfortunate, because restoration projects that embrace a people-centered approach have the highest chances of success. Here, I review recent studies that have incorporated aspects of social science and human dimensions into the study and design of dry forest restoration practices. I focus on three key topics that merit a closer integration of restoration research and practice and social science: (1) recognizing that local people are central to project success, (2) cost benefit or effectiveness analyses that evaluate the relative costs of alternative management strategies, and (3) identification of land-use tradeoffs, synergisms and priority mapping. I conclude that closer collaborations among dry forest restoration researchers and a wider group of partners including social scientists, local communities, environmental educators, and geographers will increase the value of restoration research and the likelihood that such projects achieve multiple ecological and societal benefits.
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Liu C, Deng C, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang S. Optimization of Spatial Pattern of Land Use: Progress, Frontiers, and Prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105805. [PMID: 35627349 PMCID: PMC9142005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to high-intensity human disturbance and rapid climate change, optimizing the spatial pattern of land use has become a pivotal path to restoring ecosystem functions and realizing the sustainable development of human–land relationships. This review uses the literature analysis method combined with CiteSpace to determine current research progress and frontiers, challenges, and directions for further improvement in this field. The main conclusions include the following: (a) research on the optimization of spatial pattern of land use has transformed from pattern description orientation to sustainable development orientation to ecological restoration orientation. Its research paradigm has changed from pattern to function to well-being; (b) the research frontier mainly includes spatial pattern of land use that takes into account the unity of spatial structure and functional attributes, the ecological mechanism and feedback effect of change in spatial pattern of land, the theoretical framework and model construction of land use simulation and prediction based on multiple disciplines and fields, and the adaptive management of sustainable land use in the context of climate change; (c) based on current research challenges, we integrate the research on landscape ecology and ecosystem service flows to develop an “element sets–network structure–system functions–human well-being” conceptual model. We also propose the strengthening of future research on theoretical innovation, spatiotemporal mechanism selection, causal emergence mechanism, the transformation threshold, and uncertainty. We provide innovative ideas for achieving sustainable management of land systems and territorial spatial planning with the aim of improving the adaptability of land use spatial optimization. This is expected to strengthen the ability of land systems to cope with ecological security and climate risks.
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50
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Masterson-Algar P, Jenkins SR, Windle G, Morris-Webb E, Takahashi CK, Burke T, Rosa I, Martinez AS, Torres-Mattos EB, Taddei R, Morrison V, Kasten P, Bryning L, Cruz de Oliveira NR, Gonçalves LR, Skov MW, Beynon-Davies C, Bumbeer J, Saldiva PHN, Leão E, Christofoletti RA. When One Health Meets the United Nations Ocean Decade: Global Agendas as a Pathway to Promote Collaborative Interdisciplinary Research on Human-Nature Relationships. Front Psychol 2022; 13:809009. [PMID: 35465503 PMCID: PMC9019153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence shows that exposure and engagement with the natural world not only improve human wellbeing but can also help promote environmentally friendly behaviors. Human-nature relationships are at the heart of global agendas promoted by international organizations including the World Health Organization’s (WHO) “One Health” and the United Nations (UN) “Ocean Decade.” These agendas demand collaborative multisector interdisciplinary efforts at local, national, and global levels. However, while global agendas highlight global goals for a sustainable world, developing science that directly addresses these agendas from design through to delivery and outputs does not come without its challenges. In this article, we present the outcomes of international meetings between researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers from the United Kingdom and Brazil. We propose a model for interdisciplinary work under such global agendas, particularly the interface between One Health and the UN Ocean Decade and identify three priority research areas closely linked to each other: human-nature connection, conservation-human behavior, and implementation strategies (bringing stakeholders together). We also discuss a number of recommendations for moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart R Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Windle
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Trys Burke
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Rosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Aline S Martinez
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | - Renzo Taddei
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Val Morrison
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Kasten
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Lucy Bryning
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leandra R Gonçalves
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Eliseth Leão
- Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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