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Arifwidodo SD, Chandrasiri O. Neighbourhood Walkability and Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:387. [PMID: 38673300 PMCID: PMC11050372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated whether living in a walkable neighbourhood could mitigate the adverse effects of the lockdown and closure of public open spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity among adults in Bangkok, Thailand. We conducted a telephone survey with 579 respondents and collected information on their physical activity, access to green open spaces, neighbourhood walkability, and socioeconomic characteristics during the pandemic. Our study indicates that living in a walkable neighbourhood is associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in sufficient physical activity during the pandemic. Furthermore, we confirm the influence of socioeconomic factors and health behaviours on physical activity levels, aligning with previous research. Notably, our study highlights the significant association between access to green open spaces during lockdown and increased physical activity. These results underscore the importance of promoting walkable neighbourhoods and ensuring accessible green spaces to enhance physical activity and improve health outcomes during and beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit D. Arifwidodo
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - Orana Chandrasiri
- Activethai.org Research Center, Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University Chatuchak 10900, Thailand;
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2
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Wu Z, Li S, Li X, Tang J, Jiu J, Wang P. Research on the site selection of emergency medical facilities from the perspective of country parks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20686. [PMID: 38001174 PMCID: PMC10674006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-epidemic era, human society entered the stage of epidemic prevention and control normalized, emergency medical facilities are an important means of epidemic prevention and control, attention-needed can provide construction sites for emergency medical facilities. Disaster prevention and green space can provide construction sites for emergency medical facilities. In comparison, it was found that the site selection conditions of country parks and emergency medical facilities were more compatible. Based on the requirement of the latter's location, using the Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process, through to the country park type, effective safety area, space fragmentation, distance away from the water, in the wind, away from the city center distance, hydrogeology, eight factors such as traffic is quantitative, construct the evaluation system of emergency medical facility location. Taking Nanjing as an example, the Nanjing city region within the scope of the 43 country parks comprehensive comparison. Results show that green hill forest park, the highest scores in addition to the traffic time factor, the remaining seven factor score the highest, the most balanced distribution, security, scalability, rehabilitation, convenience, pollution prevention, and evacuation. It can be preferred as the site selection and construction target of emergency medical facilities. Besides, the Youzishan Forest Park and Dongkeng Country Park comprehensive scores and each factor score is higher, can be used as emergency preplan alternative goals. The score results indicate that the evaluation method for severity exhibits higher levels of differentiation, significant validity, and highly consistent assignment of impact factor weights. In view of the different regional land, impact factor weights assignment can be adjusted adjust measures to local conditions, to effectively make use of the existing conditions, avoid adverse factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangxu Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jiefang Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jiangtao Jiu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Mitra R, Campbell JE, Vanderloo LM, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS, Rhodes RE, Stone MR, Moore SA. Child and youth physical activity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The changing role of the neighbourhood built and social environments. Health Place 2023; 84:103127. [PMID: 37751631 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We explored associations between neighbourhood environments and children and youths' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during three different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: spring 2020, fall 2020 and spring 2021, using three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. In wave 2, higher dwelling density was associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA, however, the odds were higher in neighbourhoods with higher density that also had better access to parks. With regard to the social environment, ethnic concentration (wave 3) and greater deprivation (waves 1 and 3) were associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA. Results indicate that built and social environments were differently associated with MVPA levels depending on pandemic restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Julie E Campbell
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N4, Canada
| | - Michelle R Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Wunderlich AC, Salak B, Hegetschweiler KT, Bauer N, Hunziker M. Impacts of rising COVID-19 incidence and changed working conditions on forest visits in early 2020 of the pandemic: Evidence from Switzerland. FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS 2023; 153:102978. [PMID: 37159622 PMCID: PMC10150190 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2023.102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced many nations to implement a certain degree of lockdown measures to contain the spread of the virus. It has been reported that recreational visits to forests and green spaces increased in response to the lockdown. In this study, we investigated the effect of the policy-induced changes in working conditions during the lockdown period, as well as the effect of COVID-19 infection rates, on forest visits throughout Switzerland early in the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from an online panel survey first conducted one week before the government imposed the lockdown in Switzerland and repeated two weeks after the lockdown began. We use a modeling approach to assess the impact of the home-office and short-time working situation on forest visitation frequency, as well as their effects on the length of visits to the forest. For those who visited the forest both before and during the lockdown, the frequency of forest visits increased during the early lockdown phase considered here, while the duration of visits decreased. According to our model, the opportunity to work from home was a significant driver of the increased frequency of forest visits by this visitor group, while COVID-19 infection rates had no effect on their forest visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Wunderlich
- Social Sciences in Landscape Research Group, Research Unit Economics and Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Boris Salak
- Social Sciences in Landscape Research Group, Research Unit Economics and Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland & TU Wien, Institute of Urban Design and Landscape Architecture. Research Unit Landscape Architecture and Landscape Planning, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - K Tessa Hegetschweiler
- Social Sciences in Landscape Research Group, Research Unit Economics and Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bauer
- Social Sciences in Landscape Research Group, Research Unit Economics and Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Hunziker
- Social Sciences in Landscape Research Group, Research Unit Economics and Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Tabrizi N, Lak A, Moussavi.A SMR. Green space and the health of the older adult during pandemics: a narrative review on the experience of COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1218091. [PMID: 37601191 PMCID: PMC10433209 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1218091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is an inevitable process that leads to changes in various dimensions of older adult life, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. Unfortunately, older adults are more susceptible to health problems caused by adverse experiences such as the Corona outbreak. Aim The current study examines the lived experience of older adults in facing the conditions of the Corona epidemic to see how green spaces at various scales can influence the physical and mental health of this group. Method Relevant articles published, from 2019 to February 17, 2023, were searched using in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies published in English and all studies passed a quality evaluation. Result In the final search, 40 articles were selected and analyzed. The majority of studies conducted during the pandemic categorized the impact of green spaces on the health of older adults into three main categories: Place-based attribute, Process, and Function. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that people were using private green spaces (gardens, balconies, etc.), small local green public spaces, sitting and gathering spaces in the neighborhood, nearby open spaces, and urban green-blue spaces throughout the epidemic era. They visited green spaces outside the city and urban areas, including urban gardens, agricultural areas, forestlands, and pastures. In this research, we investigated the characteristics of these spaces and classified them into four physical categories: urban landscape, land use, activity, movement, and accessibility. The results showed that exposure to nature or green space improved physical and mental health and increased attention and decision-making quality in older people. We have proposed design implications recommendations for crises to improve safety, security, and social capital by increasing the safe access of older adults to diverse and high-quality green spaces on different scales, which will ultimately enhance the physical and mental health of people in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Lak
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Nigg C, Petersen E, MacIntyre T. Natural environments, psychosocial health, and health behaviors in a crisis - A scoping review of the literature in the COVID-19 context. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 88:102009. [PMID: 37065613 PMCID: PMC10082968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak led to major restrictions globally, affecting people's psychosocial health and their health behaviors. Thus, the purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the available research regarding nature and health in the COVID-19 context. Keywords relating to natural environments and COVID-19 were combined to conduct a systematic online search in six major databases. Eligibility criteria were a) published since 2020 with data collected in the COVID-19 context b) peer-reviewed, c) original empirical data collected on human participants, d) investigated the association between natural environments and psychosocial health or health behaviors, and e) English, German, or Scandinavian languages. Out of 9126 articles being screened, we identified 188 relevant articles, representing 187 distinct studies. Most research focused on adults in the general population and was predominantly conducted in the USA, Europe, and China. Overall, the findings indicate that nature may mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on psychological health and physical activity. Through a systematic thematic analysis of the extracted data, three primary themes were identified: 1) type of nature assessed, 2) psychosocial health and health behaviors investigated, and 3) heterogeneity in the nature-health relationship. Research gaps in the COVID-19 context were identified regarding I) nature characteristics that promote psychosocial health and health behaviors, II) investigations of digital and virtual nature, III) psychological constructs relating to mental health promotion, IV) health-promoting behaviors other than physical activity, V) underlying mechanisms regarding heterogeneity in the nature-health relationship based on human, nature, and geographic characteristics, and VI) research focusing on vulnerable groups. Overall, natural environments demonstrate considerable potential in buffering the impact of stressful events on a population level on mental health. However, future research is warranted to fill the mentioned research gaps and to examine the long-term effects of nature exposure during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Evi Petersen
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Life, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3800, Bø i, Telemark, Norway
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Oslo Metropolitan University, Pilestredet 42, 0167, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tadhg MacIntyre
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Maynooth University, North Campus, W23 F2K8, Maynooth, Ireland
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Maynooth University, North Campus, W23 F2k8, Maynooth, Ireland
- TechPA Research Group, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Li X, Zhao C. Can national forest city construction mitigate air pollution in China? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3003-3024. [PMID: 36129590 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As air pollution in Chinese cities becomes a growing concern, measures to alleviate air pollution have attracted the attention of all sectors of society. By using the data for 283 prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2016, we utilized the quasi-natural experiment of the national forest city construction (NFCC) and employed the difference-in-differences approach to examine the effects of NFCC on air pollution. The results show that the NFCC led to a 12.14% and 4.29% reduction in PM2.5 concentrations and SO2 emissions, respectively. A series of robustness tests such as instrumental variable estimates, placebo tests, and eliminating disturbing policies all supported these findings. In addition, we provided evidence that the environment benefits of the NFCC could be explained by increasing green spaces, strengthening environmental regulations, and forming green development models. Furthermore, the results from heterogeneity analysis indicate that the NFCC was more effective in smaller cities, southern cities, and western cities. Our findings are of significance to Chinese cities on the road to sustainable development and provide some insights for other developing countries and emerging markets to control air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- College of Economics and Management, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunkai Zhao
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, No.483, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Matasov V, Vasenev V, Matasov D, Dvornikov Y, Filyushkina A, Bubalo M, Nakhaev M, Konstantinova A. COVID-19 pandemic changes the recreational use of Moscow parks in space and time: Outcomes from crowd-sourcing and machine learning. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2023; 83:127911. [PMID: 36987409 PMCID: PMC10030267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The limited access to urban green spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the human-nature interaction in cities and human well-being. Number of visitors to green areas, initially declined due to imposed restrictions, was restored after they were lifted as established by several studies across the globe However, little is still known about changes in behavior and preferences of park visitors in the post-COVID time. In this study, we investigated spatial-temporal patterns of recreational activities in the three urban parks in Moscow (Russia) prior, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown (in 2019 and 2020). The selected parks represent two different types: a centrally located park with much infrastructure and open landscapes (Gorky Park) and parks located at the outskirts of the city center with a more forested landscape and little infrastructure (Timiryazevski and Sokolniki parks). Recreational activities were identified based on the analysis of social media photos using machine-learning algorithms. As expected, park closures during lockdown resulted in overall decrease in the number of taken photos. After the parks were re-opened, however, the number of photos did not grow immediately. The number of photos only restored after almost three months, and the visiting peak shifted to autumn. Differences between parks were related to the type of the park and its landscape structure. The lowest decrease in the number of photos was observed for the Timiryazevsky park - a semi-natural green area, while the centrally located Gorky Park was the most affected, likely due to the strictest control measures. In comparison to 2019, photos in 2020 were more evenly distributed across the area in all the three parks. Besides, 'natural' areas became the main attractors for the visitors - photos under 'nature observation' category became the most popular. Spatial distribution of the recreational activities in post-lockdown period was characterized by larger distances between photos, likely corresponding to the social distancing. COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the value of green areas for citizens, but also changed their recreational preferences and overall behavior in parks. The observed shift from high density of visitors around entertainments and attractions in 2019 to a more homogeneous and less dense distribution along the natural zones in 2020 reveals a new pattern in visitors behavior and preference, which shall be considered in spatial planning of the parks. Increasing availability of natural green areas and their integration in urban green infrastructures can become the most relevant policy to consider the crucial role of urban nature as a source of resilience in turbulent times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Matasov
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Geography and Geoinformation Technology, Higher School of Economics (HSE University), 11 Pokrovsky boulevard, 109028 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viacheslav Vasenev
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitrii Matasov
- BestPlace LLC, Leninskaya Sloboda street, 26/28, Moscow 115280, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Dvornikov
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of carbon monitoring in terrestrial ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya str., 2 142290, Pushchino
| | - Anna Filyushkina
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
| | | | - Magomed Nakhaev
- Kadyrov Chechen State University, 32 Sheripova st., Grozny, Chechen Republic 364093, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia Konstantinova
- Smart Urban Nature Research Center, Agrarian-technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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Zhang W, Li J. A quasi-experimental analysis on the causal effects of COVID-19 on urban park visits: The role of park features and the surrounding built environment. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2023; 82:127898. [PMID: 36915824 PMCID: PMC9988312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have explored the correlations between mobility intervention policies and park use during COVID-19, only a few have used causal inference approaches to assessing the policy's treatment effects and how such effects vary across park features and surrounding built environments. In this study, we develop an interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design based on three-month mobile phone big data to infer the causal effects of mobility intervention policies on park visits in Shenzhen, including the first-level response (FLR) and return-to-work (RTW) order. The results show that the FLR caused an abrupt decline of 2.21 daily visits per park, with a gradual reduction rate of 0.54 per day, whereas the RTW order helped recover park visits with an immediate increase of 2.20 daily visits and a gradual growth rate of 0.94 visits per day. The results also show that the impact of COVID-19 on park visits exhibited social and spatial heterogeneities: the mobility-reduction effect was smaller in low-level parks (e.g., community-level parks) with small sizes but without sports facilities and water scenes, whereas parks surrounded by compact neighborhoods and land use were more impacted by the pandemic. These findings provide planners with important insights into resilient green space and sustainable neighborhood planning for the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- School of Urban Planning & Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- School of Urban Planning & Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Ebi KL, Bowen K. Green and blue spaces: crucial for healthy, sustainable urban futures. Lancet 2023; 401:529-530. [PMID: 36736335 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Kathryn Bowen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and Melbourne Climate Futures, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Yang L, Iwami M, Chen Y, Wu M, van Dam KH. Computational decision-support tools for urban design to improve resilience against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases: A systematic review. PROGRESS IN PLANNING 2023; 168:100657. [PMID: 35280114 PMCID: PMC8904142 DOI: 10.1016/j.progress.2022.100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for decision-support tools to help cities become more resilient to infectious diseases. Through urban design and planning, non-pharmaceutical interventions can be enabled, impelling behaviour change and facilitating the construction of lower risk buildings and public spaces. Computational tools, including computer simulation, statistical models, and artificial intelligence, have been used to support responses to the current pandemic as well as to the spread of previous infectious diseases. Our multidisciplinary research group systematically reviewed state-of-the-art literature to propose a toolkit that employs computational modelling for various interventions and urban design processes. We selected 109 out of 8,737 studies retrieved from databases and analysed them based on the pathogen type, transmission mode and phase, design intervention and process, as well as modelling methodology (method, goal, motivation, focus, and indication to urban design). We also explored the relationship between infectious disease and urban design, as well as computational modelling support, including specific models and parameters. The proposed toolkit will help designers, planners, and computer modellers to select relevant approaches for evaluating design decisions depending on the target disease, geographic context, design stages, and spatial and temporal scales. The findings herein can be regarded as stand-alone tools, particularly for fighting against COVID-19, or be incorporated into broader frameworks to help cities become more resilient to future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Research Center of Urban Design, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michiyo Iwami
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yishan Chen
- Architecture and Urban Design Research Center, China IPPR International Engineering CO., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Koen H van Dam
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
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Mayne SL, Kelleher S, Hannan C, Kelly MK, Powell M, Dalembert G, McPeak K, Jenssen BP, Fiks AG. Neighborhood Greenspace and Changes in Pediatric Obesity During COVID-19. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:33-41. [PMID: 36116998 PMCID: PMC9420704 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric obesity rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the associations of neighborhood greenspace with changes in pediatric obesity during the pandemic. METHODS Electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network were extracted to create a retrospective cohort of patients aged 2-17 years with a visit in each of 2 periods: June 2019-December 2019 (before pandemic) and June 2020-December 2020 (pandemic). Multivariable longitudinal generalized estimating equations Poisson regression estimated the associations of census tract‒level Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with (1) changes in obesity risk during the pandemic and (2) risk of new-onset obesity among children who were not obese prepandemic. Analyses were conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. RESULTS Among 81,418 children (mean age: 8.4 years, 18% Black), the percentage of children who were obese increased by 3.2% during the pandemic. Children in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Quartiles 2-4 had smaller increases in obesity risk during the pandemic than those in Quartile 1 (risk ratio=0.96, 95% CI=0.93, 0.99; Quartile 3 risk ratio=0.95; 95% CI=0.91, 0.98; Quartile 4 risk ratio=0.95, 95% CI=0.92, 0.99). Among the subset who were not obese before the pandemic, children in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index quartiles 3-4 had a lower risk of new-onset obesity during the pandemic (Quartile 3 risk ratio=0.82, 95% CI=0.71, 0.95; Quartile 4 risk ratio=0.73, 95% CI=0.62, 0.85). Higher Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was associated with smaller increases in obesity risk and lower risk of new-onset obesity among children in urban and suburban areas, but results were in the opposite direction for children in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Children living in greener neighborhoods experienced smaller increases in obesity during the pandemic than children in less green neighborhoods, although findings differed by urbanicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Shannon Kelleher
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Hannan
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Kate Kelly
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maura Powell
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George Dalembert
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie McPeak
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian P Jenssen
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Mohd Razali IAK, Abd. Shukor SF. COMPARISON OF MALAYSIAN URBAN GREEN SPACES USE PRIOR AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND PREFERENCES FOR POST-PANDEMIC DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS. PLANNING MALAYSIA 2022; 20. [DOI: 10.21837/pm.v20i24.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A survey on the comparison between Malaysians’ usage of green spaces prior and during COVID-19 pandemic was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. Frequency and descriptive analysis were applied and a total of 415 responses from the whole Malaysia was recorded. Results showed that there was a huge increase in the number of respondents who did not visit the urban green spaces during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there was an increase in the use of home garden and neighbourhood park during the pandemic as compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of the respondents involved in the survey mentioned that they diverted their visitation to the nearest green spaces available during the pandemic. The findings managed to highlight the changes in usage pattern of green spaces among Malaysians and provide proposals to relevant authorities on the future design of parks and green spaces in post-COVID-19 settings.
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14
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Cheung RYM, Cheng WY, Li JB, Lau EYH, Chung KKH. Mothers' and fathers' stress and severity of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: actor-partner effects with parental negative emotions as a moderator. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:294. [PMID: 36494754 PMCID: PMC9733008 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, families with young children are bombarded with new challenges and stressors. This study examined the additive and interactive effects of parental stress and negative emotions during COVID-19 on parents' severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS Participants were 221 Chinese families involving maritally intact mothers and fathers of preschool-aged children. DISCUSSION Path analysis indicated that mothers' parental stress interacted with their negative emotions, such that their stress was related to their severity of depressive symptoms only when negative emotions were high. By comparison, fathers' stress and negative emotions were additively associated with their severity of depressive symptoms. Supporting the cumulative risk model, parental stress during COVID-19 and negative emotions were linked to parents' severity of depressive symptoms additively or interactively, depending on the gender of the parent. These findings inform practitioners about the relevance of parents' stress and negative emotions to their severity of depressive symptoms during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Y. M. Cheung
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.9435.b0000 0004 0457 9566School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Wing Yee Cheng
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eva Yi Hung Lau
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kevin Kien Hoa Chung
- grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR ,grid.419993.f0000 0004 1799 6254Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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15
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Lee B, Yeon P, Park S. The Factors and Relationships Influencing Forest Hiking Exercise Characteristics after COVID-19 Occurrence: At Seoul Metropolitan Area and in Hikers' 20s and 30s. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16403. [PMID: 36554284 PMCID: PMC9778998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest and usage of green space during the pandemic relates to why greenery increases enjoyment of daily life and alleviates troubles arising from infectious periods. However, it is necessary to understand what reactions to the degree of COVID-19's spread were expressed in hiking exercise characteristics (hiking frequency, actual movement distance, average speed, total exercise time). To understand the progress of forest usage behavior during the pandemic, we analyzed factors influencing hiking exercise characteristics and relationships between those factors and hiking exercise characteristics. Hiking record data were obtained (2019-2020) from the workout app "Tranggle" pertaining to hikers in their 20s and 30s who visited the 13 mountains in the Seoul Metropolitan Area most frequently. The differences in hiking exercise characteristics (2019 data subtracted from 2020) were linked with factor data that could be related to them, including the degree of COVID-19's spread (Rt). To explore relationships between hiking exercise characteristics and factors, we developed four models with a linear mixed model. We found that Rt, week, weekdays/weekends, and PM10 contributed to explaining the hiking exercise characteristics' differences. As a result of this analysis, the degree of COVID-19's spread (Rt) affected hiking frequency; the week affected hiking frequency and actual movement distance; weekdays or weekends affected hiking frequency, actual movement distance, average speed, and total exercise time; and PM10 affected hiking frequency. These findings indicate that hiking was an alternative way for those looking for a new strategy to replace lost opportunities for physical activity. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to induce the usage of green space so that many people can take advantage of the functions and benefits of greenery, which stood out during the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobae Lee
- Department of Information Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Poungsik Yeon
- Department of Forestry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoncheol Park
- Department of Information Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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16
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Isabella DM, Claudia B, Giulia CM, Alessandro C, Alessandro P. Citizens' use of public urban green spaces at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2022; 77:127739. [PMID: 36168321 PMCID: PMC9499986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Since early 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, quickly becoming a global pandemic. To counter the COVID-19 outbreak, national governments have issued different measures and restrictions, forcing citizens to adapt to a whole new lifestyle. These restrictions have impacted on the use of green spaces by citizens owing to many factors: more available free time, increased flexibility in the work environment, and a need to relax in Nature to relieve anxiety and stress. Urban green spaces provide many benefits for the physical and psychological well-being of citizens (e.g., habitat conservation, pollution control, recreational and leisure opportunities). To understand if citizens' habits have changed due to the COVID-19 restrictions, this study provides insights from a web-based survey monitoring the use of such spaces before and during the COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy. A web-based questionnaire was conducted via "Facebook Messenger" and "WhatsApp" at the end of the second wave of COVID-19 (May-June 2021). Data collection having been concluded, 1075 completed questionnaires were collected and processed. The results show that while many reduced their weekly frequentation of green areas (-16.5%), the number of people frequenting green areas near their home every day increased (+7.7%). Two main groups of people were identified: the first, those who intensified their visits to green areas being those who desired to spend time in contact with Nature; the second, those who were reluctant to visit green areas for fear of being infected. The results also show most of the respondents felt urban green areas were either very important (82.1%) or important (14.4%). Overall, the results reveal that COVID-19 induced a positive perception of the benefits provided by urban green areas, with a consequent greater use of them, which seems destined to last even once the public health emergency has passed.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Meo Isabella
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy
| | - Becagli Claudia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cantiani Maria Giulia
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Casagli Alessandro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paletto Alessandro
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, p.za Nicolini 1, 38123 Trento, Italy
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17
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Characteristics of Physical Activities and Environmental Factor Preferences of Older Adults in Rural Resettlement Community in Ningbo, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:5414384. [PMID: 36124242 PMCID: PMC9482504 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5414384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As physical mobility declines, older adults become increasingly dependent on their living environment. The relationship between physical activities and community environments for older adults has been studied to help promote physical and mental health and increase social connections among older adults, thereby improving their quality of life and health status. This study analyzed the daily outdoor physical activities of older adults in Nanyu New Village, China, using behavior mapping and questionnaire research for data collection, and conducting a comprehensive analysis of the spatial, temporal, and environmental elements of the physical activities. This research showed that the physical activity choices of older adults in rural resettlement neighborhoods vary significantly by time, gender, and space. In decreasing order, surrounding support, site security, space convenience, beautiful landscape, and diverse facilities influence the outdoor physical activities of older adults. This study provides new insights into the ongoing debate on age-friendly communities and provides a useful reference for the design of age-friendly retrofitting of outdoor environments in rural resettlement communities.
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18
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Labib SM, Browning MHEM, Rigolon A, Helbich M, James P. Nature's contributions in coping with a pandemic in the 21st century: A narrative review of evidence during COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155095. [PMID: 35395304 DOI: 10.32942/osf.io/j2pa8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While COVID-19 lockdowns have slowed coronavirus transmission, such structural measures also have unintended consequences on mental and physical health. Growing evidence shows that exposure to the natural environment (e.g., blue-green spaces) can improve human health and wellbeing. In this narrative review, we synthesized the evidence about nature's contributions to health and wellbeing during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the pandemic, people experienced multiple types of nature, including both outdoors and indoors. Frequency of visits to outdoor natural areas (i.e., public parks) depended on lockdown severity and socio-cultural contexts. Other forms of nature exposure, such as spending time in private gardens and viewing outdoor greenery from windows, may have increased. The majority of the evidence suggests nature exposure during COVID-19 pandemic was associated with less depression, anxiety, stress, and more happiness and life satisfaction. Additionally, nature exposure was correlated with less physical inactivity and fewer sleep disturbances. Evidence was mixed regarding associations between nature exposure and COVID-related health outcomes, while nature visits might be associated with greater rates of COVID-19 transmission and mortality when proper social distancing measures were not maintained. Findings on whether nature exposure during lockdowns helped ameliorate health inequities by impacting the health of lower-socioeconomic populations more than their higher-socioeconomic counterparts for example were mixed. Based on these findings, we argue that nature exposure may have buffered the negative mental and behavioral impacts of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recovery and resilience during the current crises and future public health crises might be improved with nature-based infrastructure, interventions, designs, and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Labib
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Labib SM, Browning MHEM, Rigolon A, Helbich M, James P. Nature's contributions in coping with a pandemic in the 21st century: A narrative review of evidence during COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155095. [PMID: 35395304 PMCID: PMC8983608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
While COVID-19 lockdowns have slowed coronavirus transmission, such structural measures also have unintended consequences on mental and physical health. Growing evidence shows that exposure to the natural environment (e.g., blue-green spaces) can improve human health and wellbeing. In this narrative review, we synthesized the evidence about nature's contributions to health and wellbeing during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the pandemic, people experienced multiple types of nature, including both outdoors and indoors. Frequency of visits to outdoor natural areas (i.e., public parks) depended on lockdown severity and socio-cultural contexts. Other forms of nature exposure, such as spending time in private gardens and viewing outdoor greenery from windows, may have increased. The majority of the evidence suggests nature exposure during COVID-19 pandemic was associated with less depression, anxiety, stress, and more happiness and life satisfaction. Additionally, nature exposure was correlated with less physical inactivity and fewer sleep disturbances. Evidence was mixed regarding associations between nature exposure and COVID-related health outcomes, while nature visits might be associated with greater rates of COVID-19 transmission and mortality when proper social distancing measures were not maintained. Findings on whether nature exposure during lockdowns helped ameliorate health inequities by impacting the health of lower-socioeconomic populations more than their higher-socioeconomic counterparts for example were mixed. Based on these findings, we argue that nature exposure may have buffered the negative mental and behavioral impacts of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recovery and resilience during the current crises and future public health crises might be improved with nature-based infrastructure, interventions, designs, and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Labib
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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New Ecological Paradigm, Leisure Motivation, and Wellbeing Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis of Recreational Use of Urban Parks before and after the COVID-19 Outbreak. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an opportunity for us to rethink the relationship between humans and the environment. However, few studies have examined the association between environmental attitudes, motivations, wellbeing, and quality of life in the context of urban green areas before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. This paper investigated the interrelationships among these variables based on data collected in 2019 (before COVID-19) and 2021 (after COVID-19). The results show that the 2021 sample differed significantly from the 2019 sample in environmental attitudes. Respondents after the outbreak with the belief in “humans with nature” were more likely to use urban green areas for being “close to nature” than pre-pandemic respondents. In addition, stronger belief in “humans over nature” led to stronger desire for “social interactions” in 2021 than in 2019, implying a close relationship between people’s perception of humankind’s ability to control nature during the pandemic and their desire to interact with people in urban green areas. The study also found that there may be a pent-up satisfaction among urban dwellers after the COVID-19 outbreak.
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21
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Davies C, Sanesi G. COVID-19 and the importance of urban green spaces. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2022; 74:127654. [PMID: 35754930 PMCID: PMC9212889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clive Davies
- Newcastle University, School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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22
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Build Healthier: Post-COVID-19 Urban Requirements for Healthy and Sustainable Living. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a renewed interest in urban environment and healthy living and the changes in urban environments which can make for a healthier living. Today, more than 50% of the global population lives in urban areas, and in Europe the number is 75%. We present a narrative review to explore considerations and necessary requirements to achieve health and well-being within strategies for healthy design and urban planning whilst rethinking urban spaces for a post-COVID-19 and carbon-neutral future. The achievement of health and well-being demands healthy design strategies, namely, (1) moving from the concept of infrastructure for processes to the infrastructure for healthy living—requirements for healthy places, cycling, walking, disintegrating the role of polluting traffic from the urban environments, social vulnerability and equality; (2) physical space that will achieve standards of ‘liveable communities’—open, green space requirements and standards for any built environment; (3) mainstreaming ‘in-the-walking distance’ cities and neighbourhoods for healthy physical activities for daily living; (4) exploring any of the new concepts that connect the nexus of urban spaces and public health and improving of the population’s well-being. Public health needs to be prioritised systematically in planning of built environments, energy generations, sustainable food production, and nutrition.
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23
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Han S, Ye Y, Song Y, Yan S, Shi F, Zhang Y, Liu X, Du H, Song D. A Systematic Review of Objective Factors Influencing Behavior in Public Open Spaces. Front Public Health 2022; 10:898136. [PMID: 35602148 PMCID: PMC9120827 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.898136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a significant part of outdoor built-environment, public open spaces are closely associated with people's daily lives. Studies of outdoor behavior in these spaces can shed light on users' environmental perceptions and contribute to the promotion of physiological and psychological health. Many recent studies are case studies focused where observations, surveys and interviews have been conducted to understand the factors influencing people's behavior on one or few sites or city environments. There have been few reviews related to this topic, and none have been based on the systematic understanding of influencing factors. This paper presents a systematic review of interactions between behavior and the built environment in public open spaces, and highlights the impacts of diverse and objective influencing factors. Followed the rules of PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), 109 papers published in 2000-2021 were selected and reviewed. The distribution of the studied interactions is analyzed, and the impacts of four distinct factors: personal background, location and context, environmental component, and climate stimuli, are extracted, categorized, and specified. Moreover, outdoor health benefits are discussed based on which, crucial factors that require emphasis after the outbreak of COVID-19 are identified. Throughout this paper, behavioral influencing processes, including objective influencing factors, subjective feedback, and the relationships involved, are considered to provide a comprehensive picture. With the robust classification of existing factors, architects, urban designers, policy makers and fellow researches could be easier to get a more comprehensive trend from the past. This paper also provides guidance for future research, especially given that COVID-19 has created huge changes to outdoor needs and customary behavior. Systematic Review Registration: http://www.prisma-statement.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Song
- Department of Architecture, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shurui Yan
- Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Architecture, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Du
- Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dexuan Song
- Department of Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Shanghai, China
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24
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Hazlehurst MF, Muqueeth S, Wolf KL, Simmons C, Kroshus E, Tandon PS. Park access and mental health among parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:800. [PMID: 35449096 PMCID: PMC9022731 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time spent outdoors and in nature has been associated with numerous benefits to health and well-being. We examined relationships between park access and mental health for children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also explored associations between park access and co-participation of parent and child in time outdoors, and child and parent physical activity. METHODS We used data from 1,000 respondents to a nationally representative U.S. survey of parent-child dyads during October-November 2020. Park access was defined as an affirmative response to: "do you have a park that you can safely walk to within 10 min of your home?" Child mental health was operationalized as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) total difficulties score. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) total score assessed parent mental health and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) assessed parent physical activity. Child physical activity and co-participation in outdoor activity were reported as number of days in the prior week. Linear regression was used to examine relationships between park access and health outcomes in models adjusted for child and parent characteristics and COVID-19 impact. RESULTS Our sample included 500 parents of children ages 6-10 years, and 500 parent-child dyads of children ages 11-17 years. Park access was associated with a lower SDQ total score among children (β: -1.26, 95% CI: -2.25, -0.27) and a lower PHQ-4 total score among parents (β: -0.89, 95% CI: -1.39, -0.40). In models stratified by child age, these associations were observed for SDQ scores among adolescents ages 11-17 and for PHQ-4 scores among parents of children ages 6-10 years. Park access was also associated with 0.50 more days/week of co-participation in outdoor time (95% CI: 0.16, 0.84), and higher levels of parent physical activity (β: 1009 MET-min/week, 95% CI: 301, 1717), but not child physical activity (β: 0.31 days/week, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.66). CONCLUSIONS Park access was associated with better mental health among children and parents, and more parent physical activity and parent-child co-participation in outdooractivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Access to nearby parks may be an important resource to promote health and well-being, for both individuals and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie F. Hazlehurst
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Sadiya Muqueeth
- grid.430851.b0000 0001 2222 4601The Trust for Public Land, Washington DC, USA
| | - Kathleen L. Wolf
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Cary Simmons
- grid.430851.b0000 0001 2222 4601The Trust for Public Land, Washington DC, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Pediatrics, University of WA, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.240741.40000 0000 9026 4165Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Pooja S. Tandon
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Pediatrics, University of WA, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.240741.40000 0000 9026 4165Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA USA
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25
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Does Spending Time in Nature Help Students Cope with the COVID-19 Pandemic? SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our economy, social lives, and mental health, and it therefore provides a unique chance for researchers to examine how people cope with changes to their everyday activities. Research suggests that people may be spending more time in nature than they did pre-pandemic. The current study sheds light on how nature is being used to cope with the stresses of the global health crisis and lockdowns. Canadian undergraduate students (N = 559) filled out a questionnaire during the fall of 2020 about their pandemic experience, including their affects, life satisfaction, and feelings of flourishing and vitality, in addition to a wide variety of nature variables. The weekly exposures, the perceived increases or decreases in the exposure to nature during the pandemic, and the feelings of connectedness (nature relatedness) were assessed. Those who felt like they were spending more time in nature than they did pre-pandemic experienced more subjective well-being. Nature-related individuals were more likely to access nature and to appreciate it more during the pandemic than others, but all people (even those less connected) experienced well-being benefits from spending more time in nature. Going into nature appears to be an increasingly popular and effective coping strategy to boost or maintain subjective well-being during the pandemic.
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Yap KKL, Soh MCK, Sia A, Chin WJ, Araib S, Ang WP, Tan PY, Er KBH. The influence of the
COVID
‐19 pandemic on the demand for different shades of green. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022; 4:505-518. [PMID: 35571335 PMCID: PMC9088662 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID‐19 has heightened the dependence of urban dwellers on cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces (UGS), specifically in regard to the provision of recreational opportunities, and psychological and physical health benefits arising from their use. As different types and levels of cultural ecosystem services are provided by different types of UGS, people may seek out different UGS to satisfy personal needs over various phases of COVID‐19 mobility restrictions imposed by cities. We report on a study that took advantage of the different phases of COVID‐19 mobility restrictions to assess the demand for and perception of different types of UGS in Singapore. The study utilised four datasets to compare demand for and visitorship patterns of UGS before the pandemic (Pre‐Circuit Breaker), the duration of the strictest mobility restrictions (Circuit Breaker), and after the measures were relaxed (Post‐Circuit Breaker). We used Google Search trends as a proxy for UGS demand, Google mobility data for an overview of population visitorship trends, visitor counts for granular insights on actual visitorship trends, and qualitative data on perception of parks by park visitors after restrictions eased. Parks were categorised as manicured and less manicured UGS for analysis. Search interest for UGS overall fell by more than 50% from during Circuit Breaker but the post‐Circuit Breaker levels exceeded pre‐Circuit Breaker, with a 70.9% increase for less manicured UGS compared to 20.8% for manicured UGS. This corroborated with Google mobility and visitor counts, which showed a steep decrease in park use followed by a rapid increase in the same periods, and with increased visitorship in the less manicured UGS. The perception study also showed that more than 50% of respondents reported visiting parks that they have never visited before, and there was a greater appreciation and use of UGS after the pandemic and preference for less manicured and more naturalistic landscapes. The pandemic has heightened the demand for cultural ecosystem services provided by UGS. Our study showed that this demand is not uniform across different types of UGS, with an increase visitorship and preference for less manicured green spaces.
Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malcolm C. K. Soh
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Angelia Sia
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Wei Jun Chin
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Sophianne Araib
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Wei Ping Ang
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Puay Yok Tan
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Kenneth B. H. Er
- National Parks BoardSingapore Botanical GardensSingapore CitySingapore
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Leisure Engagement during COVID-19 and Its Association with Mental Health and Wellbeing in U.S. Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031081. [PMID: 35162106 PMCID: PMC8834183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leisure engagement has risen as a salient societal issue during the COVID-19 pandemic, not only because it provides a pathway for people to continue meeting their physical, cognitive, and social-emotional needs, but also due to the phenomenal juxtaposition of general increases in leisure time and unparalleled constraints. This study reports the results of the first investigation of U.S. adults’ overall leisure engagement and its association with mental health amidst the major disruptions and sustained stress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through an online survey in February 2021 through Prolific from a sample representative of the U.S. adult population in age, gender, and race (n = 503) and analyzed using a mixed-method approach. A total of 104 unique leisure activities in 19 categories and 3 domains were identified through iterative thematic coding. Participants reported general increases in home-based traditional leisure and digital/online activities and decreases in physical and nature-based activities. A multiple regression analysis controlling for socio-demographic and context-specific covariates revealed distinct associations between changes in leisure engagement and different aspects of mental health (perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and mental wellbeing), supporting leisure’s dual role in facilitating stress alleviation and wellbeing enhancement during taxing events, such as COVID-19.
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Abstract
Green space may play an essential role in residents’ physical activity (PA), but evidence remains scattered in China. This study systematically reviewed scientific evidence regarding the influence of green space on PA among residents in China. Keyword and reference searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and CNKI from the inception of an electronic bibliographic database to May 2021. Eligibility criteria included the following: study designs—observational (e.g., longitudinal or cross-sectional studies) and experimental studies; study subjects—people of all ages; exposures—green space (e.g., parks, vegetation areas, open green fields); outcomes—leisure-time and work/school-related PA (e.g., active commuting); and country—China. All but two studies identified at least one measure of green space to be associated with PA. Street greenness was associated with increased odds of active commuting (e.g., cycling) and walking, and a reduced risk of physical inactivity. Access to green space was associated with increased PA levels and green space usage. Distance to green space was inversely associated with the odds of PA. By contrast, evidence linking overall greenness exposure to PA remains limited. Future studies adopting experimental study design are warranted to establish more robust scientific evidence of causality between green space and PA in China. Future studies are also warranted to examine the underlining mechanisms and the differential impacts of green space on population subgroups in China.
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29
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Li H, Luo W, Hou Y, Xia Y, Yao J, Kang N, Deng C, Sun H, Chen C. Factors Affecting Perceived Health Benefits and Use Behaviors in Urban Green Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern China Megacities. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759444. [PMID: 34778190 PMCID: PMC8581461 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has alienated people from urban green spaces (UGSs) that have various health outcomes for humans. However, little is known about the influential factors of perceived health benefits and use behaviors in UGSs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the key factors that influence perceived health benefits and use behaviors in UGSs and to assess the mediating role of place attachment in relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese megacities. Methods: We conducted an online questionnaire survey from December 2020 to March 2021 in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, China. Six multiple regression models were constructed to investigate the main factors by which UGSs influence citizens' perceived health benefits and use behaviors. Four mediation models were established using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to explore the mediating effect of place attachment. Results: A total of 628 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The results revealed that some UGS components (green space access, maintenance, and soundscape) significantly affected perceived health benefits for citizens (physical, mental, and social health) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, use behaviors (frequency of visits, duration of visits, and activity intensity) were mainly affected by the sociodemographic context but less affected by UGS components. In addition, UGS components were found to significantly predict place attachment, which in turn influenced the perceived health benefits, frequency, and duration of visits. Conclusions: This study distinguished the key factors that affect perceived health benefits and use behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: green space access, maintenance, soundscape, and sociodemographic characteristics. Place attachment still needs to be considered when discussing how to encourage citizens to visit UGSs during the pandemic. These findings provide implications for policymakers and landscape planners regarding design and management measures for UGSs that are conducive to coping with pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijing Luo
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Hou
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Urban Big Data Centre, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Congshuang Deng
- Guangzhou Sun & Partners Incorporation Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Guangzhou Sun & Partners Incorporation Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongxian Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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