|
1
|
Lei X, Ban J, Wu Z, Cao S, Zhou M, Zhang L, Zhu R, Lu H, Zhu S. Boosting PRRSV-Specific Cellular Immunity: The Immunological Profiling of an Fc-Fused Multi-CTL Epitope Vaccine in Mice. Vet Sci 2024; 11:274. [PMID: 38922021 PMCID: PMC11209284 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuously evolving PRRSV has been plaguing pig farms worldwide for over 30 years, with conventional vaccines suffering from insufficient protection and biosecurity risks. To address these challenges, we identified 10 PRRSV-specific CTL epitopes through enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and constructed a multi-epitope peptide (PTE) by linking them in tandem. This PTE was then fused with a modified porcine Fc molecule to create the recombinant protein pFc-PTE. Our findings indicate that pFc-PTE effectively stimulates PRRSV-infected specific splenic lymphocytes to secrete high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and is predicted to be non-toxic and non-allergenic. Compared to PTE alone, pFc-PTE not only induced a comparable cellular immune response in mice but also extended the duration of the immune response to at least 10 weeks post-immunization. Additionally, pFc-PTE predominantly induced a Th1 immune response, suggesting its potential advantage in enhancing cellular immunity. Consequently, pFc-PTE holds promise as a novel, safe, and potent candidate vaccine for PRRSV and may also provide new perspectives for vaccine design against other viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnuo Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinzhao Ban
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, International Joint Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Shinuo Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Mo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Rui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Huipeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Animal Science and Novel Veterinary Pharmaceutic Development, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (X.L.); (J.B.); (Z.W.); (S.C.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (R.Z.); (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Perez-Duran F, Calderon-Rico F, Franco-Correa LE, Zamora-Aviles AG, Ortega-Flores R, Durand-Herrera D, Bravo-Patiño A, Cortes-Vieyra R, Hernandez-Morales I, Nuñez-Anita RE. Synthetic Peptides Elicit Humoral Response against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Swine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:652. [PMID: 38932381 PMCID: PMC11209519 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the immunogenic response elicited in swine by two synthetic peptides derived from GP5 to understand the role of lineal B epitopes in the humoral and B-cell-mediated response against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For inoculation, twenty-one-day-old pigs were allocated into six groups: control, vehicle, vaccinated (Ingelvac-PRRSV, MLV®), non-vaccinated and naturally infected, GP5-B and GP5-B3. At 2 days post-immunization (dpi), the GP5-B3 peptide increased the serum concentrations of cytokines associated with activate adaptive cellular immunity, IL-1β (1.15 ± 1.15 to 10.17 ± 0.94 pg/mL) and IL-12 (323.8 ± 23.3 to 778.5 ± 58.11 pg/mL), compared to the control group. The concentration of IgGs anti-GP5-B increased in both cases at 21 and 42 dpi compared to that at 0 days (128.3 ± 8.34 ng/mL to 231.9 ± 17.82 and 331 ± 14.86 ng/mL), while IgGs anti-GP5-B3 increased at 21 dpi (105.1 ± 19.06 to 178 ± 15.09 ng/mL) and remained at the same level until 42 dpi. Also, antibody-forming/Plasma B cells (CD2+/CD21-) increased in both cases (9.85 ± 0.7% to 13.67 ± 0.44 for GP5-B and 15.72 ± 1.27% for GP5-B3). Furthermore, primed B cells (CD2-/CD21+) from immunized pigs showed an increase in both cases (9.62 ± 1.5% to 24.51 ± 1.3 for GP5-B and 34 ± 2.39% for GP5-B3) at 42 dpi. Conversely the naïve B cells from immunized pigs decreased compared with the control group (8.84 ± 0.63% to 6.25 ± 0.66 for GP5-B and 5.78 ± 0.48% for GP5-B3). Importantly, both GP5-B and GP5-B3 peptides exhibited immunoreactivity against serum antibodies from the vaccinated group, as well as the non-vaccinated and naturally infected group. In conclusion, GP5-B and GP5-B3 peptides elicited immunogenicity mediated by antigen-specific IgGs and B cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perez-Duran
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Fernando Calderon-Rico
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Luis Enrique Franco-Correa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Alicia Gabriela Zamora-Aviles
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Roberto Ortega-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Ricarda Cortes-Vieyra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| | - Ilane Hernandez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigacion Interdisciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM No. 2011, Leon CP 37684, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N Carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro CP 58893, Mexico; (F.P.-D.); (F.C.-R.); (L.E.F.-C.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (R.O.-F.); (D.D.-H.); (A.B.-P.); (R.C.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Calderon-Rico F, Bravo-Patiño A, Mendieta I, Perez-Duran F, Zamora-Aviles AG, Franco-Correa LE, Ortega-Flores R, Hernandez-Morales I, Nuñez-Anita RE. Glycoprotein 5-Derived Peptides Induce a Protective T-Cell Response in Swine against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 38275949 PMCID: PMC10819526 DOI: 10.3390/v16010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the T-cell responses induced by lineal epitopes of glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from PRRSV to explore the role of this protein in the immunological protection mediated by T-cells. The GP5 peptides were conjugated with a carrier protein for primary immunization and booster doses. Twenty-one-day-old pigs were allocated into four groups (seven pigs per group): control (PBS), vehicle (carrier), PTC1, and PTC2. Cytokine levels were measured at 2 days post-immunization (DPI) from serum samples. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8+) from peripheral blood were quantified via flow cytometry at 42 DPI. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by co-culturing primed lymphocytes with PRRSV derived from an infectious clone. The PTC2 peptide increased the serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) and cytokines that activate the adaptive cellular immunity associated with T-lymphocytes (i.e., IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12). The concentration of CTLs (CD8+) was significantly higher in groups immunized with the peptides, which suggests a proliferative response in this cell population. Primed CTLs from immunized pigs showed cytolytic activity in PRRSV-infected cells in vitro. PTC1 and PTC2 peptides induced a protective T-cell-mediated response in pigs immunized against PRRSV, due to the presence of T epitopes in their sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Calderon-Rico
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Irasema Mendieta
- Posgrado en Ciencias Quimico-Biológicas, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro PC 76010, Mexico;
| | - Francisco Perez-Duran
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Alicia Gabriela Zamora-Aviles
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Luis Enrique Franco-Correa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Roberto Ortega-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| | - Ilane Hernandez-Morales
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Leon, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Blv. UNAM No. 2011, Leon PC 37684, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Km. 9.5 S/N carretera Morelia-Zinapecuaro, La Palma, Tarimbaro PC 58893, Mexico; (F.C.-R.); (A.B.-P.); (F.P.-D.); (A.G.Z.-A.); (L.E.F.-C.); (R.O.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Wei Y, Dai G, Huang M, Wen L, Chen RA, Liu DX. Construction of an infectious cloning system of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and identification of glycoprotein 5 as a potential determinant of virulence and pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227485. [PMID: 37547693 PMCID: PMC10397516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of pigs causes a variety of clinical manifestations, depending on the pathogenicity and virulence of the specific strain. Identification and characterization of potential determinant(s) for the pathogenicity and virulence of these strains would be an essential step to precisely design and develop effective anti-PRRSV intervention. In this study, we report the construction of an infectious clone system based on PRRSV vaccine strain SP by homologous recombination technique, and the rescue of a chimeric rSP-HUB2 strain by replacing the GP5 and M protein-coding region from SP strain with the corresponding region from a highly pathogenic strain PRRSV-HUB2. The two recombinant viruses were shown to be genetically stable and share similar growth kinetics, with rSP-HUB2 exhibiting apparent growth and fitness advantages. Compared to in cells infected with PRRSV-rSP, infection of cells with rSP-HUB2 showed significantly more inhibition of the induction of type I interferon (IFN-β) and interferon stimulator gene 56 (ISG56), and significantly more promotion of the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, ISG15 and ISG20. Further overexpression, deletion and mutagenesis studies demonstrated that amino acid residue F16 in the N-terminal region of the GP5 protein from HUB2 was a determinant for the phenotypic difference between the two recombinant viruses. This study provides evidence that GP5 may function as a potential determinant for the pathogenicity and virulence of highly pathogenic PRRSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Research Progress on Glycoprotein 5 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050813. [PMID: 36899670 PMCID: PMC10000246 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious disease caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is a glycosylated envelope protein encoded by the PRRSV ORF5, which has good immunogenicity and can induce the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, study of GP5 protein is of great significance in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of PRRSV and the development of new vaccines. We reviewed GP5 protein genetic variation, immune function, interaction with viral protein and host proteins, induction of cell apoptosis, and stimulation of neutralizing antibodies. GP5 protein's influence on virus replication and virulence, as well as its use as a target for viral detection and immunization are reviewed.
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Clilverd H, Martín-Valls G, Li Y, Martín M, Cortey M, Mateu E. Infection dynamics, transmission, and evolution after an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1109881. [PMID: 36846785 PMCID: PMC9947509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at describing the infection dynamics, transmission, and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) after an outbreak in a 300-sow farrow-to-wean farm that was implementing a vaccination program. Three subsequent batches of piglets (9-11 litters/batch) were followed 1.5 (Batch 1), 8 (Batch 2), and 12 months after (Batch 3) from birth to 9 weeks of age. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that shortly after the outbreak (Batch 1), one third of sows were delivering infected piglets and the cumulative incidence reached 80% by 9 weeks of age. In contrast, in Batch 2, only 10% animals in total got infected in the same period. In Batch 3, 60% litters had born-infected animals and cumulative incidence rose to 78%. Higher viral genetic diversity was observed in Batch 1, with 4 viral clades circulating, of which 3 could be traced to vertical transmission events, suggesting the existence of founder viral variants. In Batch 3 though only one variant was found, distinguishable from those circulating previously, suggesting that a selection process had occurred. ELISA antibodies at 2 weeks of age were significantly higher in Batch 1 and 3 compared to Batch 2, while low levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in either piglets or sows in all batches. In addition, some sows present in Batch 1 and 3 delivered infected piglets twice, and the offspring were devoid of neutralizing antibodies at 2 weeks of age. These results suggest that a high viral diversity was featured at the initial outbreak followed by a phase of limited circulation, but subsequently an escape variant emerged in the population causing a rebound of vertical transmission. The presence of unresponsive sows that had vertical transmission events could have contributed to the transmission. Moreover, the records of contacts between animals and the phylogenetic analyses allowed to trace back 87 and 47% of the transmission chains in Batch 1 and 3, respectively. Most animals transmitted the infection to 1-3 pen-mates, but super-spreaders were also identified. One animal that was born-viremic and persisted as viremic for the whole study period did not contribute to transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Martín-Valls
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Marga Martín
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Zhai W, Yu S, Zhang P, Lin Y, Ge S, Zhang T, Zhang K, He S, Hu Q, Tang X, Peng Z, Wang C. Epidemiology and Genetic Characteristics of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in the Hunan and Hebei Provinces of China. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010063. [PMID: 36669064 PMCID: PMC9866626 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant threat to the pig industry in China. However, the epidemiological characteristics of PRRSV after the outbreak of African swine fever in China were not thoroughly investigated. In the present study, the serological and epidemiological investigations of PRRSV in pigs from the Hunan and Hebei provinces of China were assessed. The results showed that 73.12% (95% CI 71.74-74.49) of pigs were positive for PRRSV-special antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Out of 5799 samples, 482 (8.31%, 95% CI 7.60-9.02) samples were positive for PRRSV nucleic acids. The positive rates of PRRSV in healthy pigs from farms and slaughterhouses were 2.27% (47/2072) and 7.70% (217/2818), which were lower than that in diseased pigs (23.98%, 218/909). Furthermore, the full-length OFR5 gene sequences of 43 PRRSV strains were sequenced and analysed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 43 isolates were classified into three lineages, namely lineage 1 (n = 24), lineage 8 (n = 15), and lineage 3 (n = 4). Lineage 1 could be further divided into sublineage 1.5 (n = 2) and sublineage 1.8 (n = 22), and lineage 8 was classified into sublineage 8.1 (n = 3) and sublineage 8.7 (n = 12). Collectively, our findings revealed the severe prevalence of PRRSV in the Hunan and Hebei provinces, where sublineage 1.8 and sublineage 8.7 predominated. The present study provides the update information of the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of PRRSV in the investigated regions, which will be beneficial for PRRS control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhai
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Technology Center of Changsha Customs, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pengxuan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shenghu Ge
- Hebei Mingzhu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xingtai 055700, China
| | - Taojie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shicheng He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-731-89716972
| |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Jakab S, Kaszab E, Marton S, Bányai K, Bálint Á, Nemes I, Szabó I. Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005-2020, Hungary. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986850. [PMID: 36304410 PMCID: PMC9595726 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) remains sporadic in Europe. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV-2 infections encompassing 15 years in Hungary. Partial (423 bp long) ORF5 sequences (n = 44) from 20 Hungarian pig herds were analyzed. The study strains fell into two genetic lineages, L1 and L5, being L5 strains more prevalent (88.6 vs. 11.4%). Pairwise sequence identities within Hungarian representative PRRSV-2 strains ranged between 84.7 to 100% (nucleotide, nt) and 85 to 100% (amino acid, aa). When compared with reference strains, identity values fell between 87 and 100% (L1, nt 87–91%, aa 87–93%, reference strain IAF-exp91; L5, nt 87–100%, aa 88–100%, reference strain Ingelvac MLV). Epidemiologic examination implied that the majority of L5 strains were imported repeatedly from other European countries where Ingelvac MLV was approved for routine use. The emergence of L1 strains was thought to be associated with a single introduction and subsequent dissemination between pig farms of a large integrator. Results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the epizootiology of PRRSV-2 infections and shed light on the genetic diversity of viral strains in non-endemic countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Nemes
- Hungarian Association for Porcine Health Management, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- National PRRS Eradication Committee, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Xu H, Xiang L, Tang YD, Li C, Zhao J, Gong B, Sun Q, Leng C, Peng J, Wang Q, Zhou G, An T, Cai X, Tian ZJ, Zhang H, Song M. Genome-Wide Characterization of QYYZ-Like PRRSV During 2018–2021. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:945381. [PMID: 35847645 PMCID: PMC9280713 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.945381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the emergence of QYYZ-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has attracted increasing attention due to the high incidence of PRRSV mutation and recombination. However, the endemic status and genomic characteristics of the QYYZ-like strains are unclear. From 2018 to October 2021, 24 QYYZ-like PRRSV isolates were obtained from 787 PRRSV-positive clinical samples. Only one QYYZ-like positive sample was from a northern province, and the rest were from central and southern provinces. We selected 9 samples for whole-genome sequencing, revealing genome lengths of 15,008–15,316 nt. We retrieved all the available whole-genome sequences of QYYZ-like PRRSVs isolated in China from 2010 to 2021 (n = 28) from GenBank and analyzed them together with the new whole-genome sequences (n = 9). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the ORF5 gene showed that all QYYZ-like PRRSV strains belonged to sublineage 3.5 but were clustered into three lineages (sublineage 1.8, sublineage 3.5, and sublineage 8.7) based on whole-genome sequences. Genomic sequence alignment showed that QYYZ-like strains, have characteristic amino acids insertions or deletions in the Nsp2 region (same as NADC30, JXA1 and QYYZ) and that thirteen strains also had additional amino acid deletions, mostly between 468 and 518 aa. Moreover, QYYZ-like strains (sublineage 3.5) have seven identical characteristic amino acid mutations in ORF5. Recombination analysis revealed that almost all QYYZ-like complete genome sequences (36/37) were products of recombination and mainly provided structural protein fragments (GP2-N) for the recombinant strains. Overall, QYYZ-like strains were mainly prevalent in central and southern China from 2018 to 2021, and these strains provided recombinant fragments in the PRRSV epidemic in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lirun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bangjun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bioreactors, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Jinmei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tongqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Hongliang Zhang
| | - Mingxin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Mingxin Song
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Phylogenetic analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Vietnam, 2021. Virus Genes 2022; 58:361-366. [PMID: 35589912 PMCID: PMC9119219 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes more economic losses in the swine industry than any other virus. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of PRRSV to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of PRRS vaccines. Twenty-eight samples from clinical cases were collected from 19 farms in seven provinces of Vietnam in 2021. Full-length PRRSV ORF5 genes from the 19 samples were amplified, sequenced, and compared to the corresponding sequences of referenced PRRSV strains from Genbank. The genetic analysis showed that 12 isolates were the highly pathogenic PRRSV subtype (HP—PRRSV) lineage 8, sublineage 8.7; six isolates were the classical North American PRRSV subtype (US-PRRSV), NADC-like group, lineage 1, sublineage 1.4, which were reported in Vietnam for the first time; and the final isolate was a vaccine-like strain. The field isolates of HP-PRRSV had relatively higher genetic diversity with US-PRRSV vaccine strains (84.0–94.5%) than HP-PRRSV vaccine strains (95.3–98.6%). Meanwhile, the six NADC-like isolates had low nucleotide similarity with US-PRRSV and HP-PRRSV vaccine strains (83.4–85.4% and 83.2–84.0%, respectively). Many amino acid substitutions were found in antigenic regions of GP5 involved in response to early antibody production, neutralizing antibodies, and viral immune evasion between these field strains and PRRSV vaccine strains. These findings provide insights into the molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, antigenicity, and evolution of PRRSV strains in Vietnam and postulate a compelling explanation for the limitations of current vaccination efforts.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Gao Z, Chen L, Song T, Pan X, Li X, Lu G, Tang Y, Wu X, Zhao B, Zhang R. A candidate multi-epitope vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae induces robust humoral and cellular response in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:2370-2378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
|
12
|
Contreras-Luna MJ, Fragoso-Gonzalez G, Segura-Velázquez RA, Cervantes-Torres JB, Alonso-Morales R, Ramírez-Martínez LA, Ayón-Núñez DA, Bobes RJ, Sánchez-Betancourt JI. Immunogenic and antigenic analysis of recombinant NSP1 and NSP11 of PRRS virus. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:610-618. [PMID: 35023299 PMCID: PMC8959261 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped RNA virus in the order Nidovirales, family Arteriviridae, genus Betaarterivirus. Antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) from this virus can be found in pigs starting 4 days postinfection and they remain detectable for several months. Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and antigenic properties of recombinant proteins NSP1 and NSP11 expressed in Escherichia coli cells, as well as to assess the neutralization activity that they elicit. Methods We obtained the complete ORF‐1 genes coding for NSP1 and NSP11 from PRRSV using the VR‐2332 strain. Cloning was performed with the pET23a(+) vector with a histidine tag (His6), linearized by restriction enzyme digestion; the expression of the NSP1 and NSP11 clones was induced in OverExpress C41(DE3) chemically competent cells. Recombinant proteins were used to generate hyperimmune sera and we perform serological assays to confirm neutralizing antibodies. Results The expressed recombinant NSP1 and NSP11 were found to be immunogenic when injected in pigs, as well as demonstrated higher specificity in recognition of antigen in field sera from pigs positive infected with PRRSV. Furthermore, both NSP1 and NSP11 recombinant proteins elicited PRRSV neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the immune humoral response to NSP 1 and NSP11, and neutralizing‐antibody response to PRRSV VR2332 strain in sera from hyperimmunized pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Contreras-Luna
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Alvaro Segura-Velázquez
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Brenda Cervantes-Torres
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Alonso-Morales
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Alfonso Ramírez-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Adriana Ayón-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl José Bobes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ivan Sánchez-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Investigación del Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Lu Y, Gillam F, Cao QM, Rizzo A, Meng XJ, Zhang C. Hepatitis B core antigen-based vaccine demonstrates cross-neutralization against heterologous North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV-2) strains. J Virol Methods 2020; 285:113945. [PMID: 32735804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. swine industry have been bearing the financial impact of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) for decades. Absent of a safe and efficacious vaccine to combat PRRS virus's genetic heterogeneity, it remains a costly disease on pig farms across the country. We have developed virus-like-particle (VLP) based vaccines that incorporate 4 PRRSV epitopes in the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) backbone. Administration of the vaccines in female BALB/C mice resulted in extremely significant PRRSV epitope specific antibody response. One vaccine candidate GP3-4 was able to mount a significant viral neutralizing response against both parental PRRSV strain VR2385 and heterologous PRRSV strain NADC20, showing a promising potential for cross-protection against PRRSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Frank Gillam
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Qian M Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Amy Rizzo
- University Veterinarian & Animal Resources, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - X J Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Saenglub W, Jantafong T, Mungkundar C, Romlamduan N, Pinitkiatisakul S, Lekcharoensuk P. Genetic signatures of the immune-escaping type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in farms with a robust vaccination program. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104166. [PMID: 32205207 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important porcine viruses worldwide. Recently, severe PRRS outbreaks had occurred in two farms located in eastern and southern Thailand where stringent vaccination had been routinely practiced. Genetic analysis of GP5 identified two highly virulent PRRSVs designated as NA/TH/S001/2015 and NA/TH/E001/2016 from the southern and eastern farms, respectively. Both incidences were the first outbreaks of severe PRRSV since the implementation of the modified live virus (MLV) vaccine, indicating the concurrent emergence of immune-escape viruses. The genetics of the two PRRSV variants, the previous studied sequences from Thailand, and the reference strains were characterized with a focus on the GP5 and NSP2 genes. The results indicated that NA/TH/S001/2015 and NA/TH/E001/2016 shared less than 87% nucleotide similarity to the MLV and PRRSV type 2, lineages 1 and 8.7 (NA), respectively. A comparative analysis of the retrospective GP5 sequences categorized the PRRSVs into five groups based on the clinical outcomes, and both of the novel PRRSV strains were in the same group. Epitope A, T cell epitope, and N-linked glycosylation patterns within GP5 of both PRRSV variants were highly variable and significantly differed from those of MLV. As observed in highly virulent type 2 strains, NA/TH/S001/2015 contained a single amino acid deletion at position 33 in the hypervariable region 1 (HV-1) of GP5. Amino acid analysis of the hypervariable region of NSP2 revealed that NA/TH/E001/2016 had a unique deletion pattern that included two discontinuous deletions: a 127-amino acid deletion from residues 301 to 427 and a single amino acid deletion at position 470. These results indicate the emergence of two novel PRRSV strains and highlight the common genetic characteristics of the immune-escaping PRRSV variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wimontiane Saenglub
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50(th) Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Animal Health and Technical Service Office, 29/2 Zone 9, Suwindhawong, Nongchok, Bangkok, 10530, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Jantafong
- Department of Pre-clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, 140 Cheum-samphan Road, Nongchok, Bangkok, 10530, Thailand
| | - Chatthapon Mungkundar
- Animal Health and Technical Service Office, 29/2 Zone 9, Suwindhawong, Nongchok, Bangkok, 10530, Thailand
| | - Narin Romlamduan
- Animal Health and Technical Service Office, 29/2 Zone 9, Suwindhawong, Nongchok, Bangkok, 10530, Thailand
| | - Sunan Pinitkiatisakul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50(th) Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Porntippa Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50(th) Ngamwongwan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food (CASAF), KU Institute of Advances Studies, Kasetsart University, 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Cao QM, Tian D, Heffron CL, Subramaniam S, Opriessnig T, Foss DL, Calvert JG, Meng XJ. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes identified from a contemporary strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhance CD4+CD8+ T, CD8+ T, and γδ T cell responses. Virology 2019; 538:35-44. [PMID: 31561059 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-stimulatory class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are important for vaccine development. In this study we first determined the expression frequency of swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I alleles in commercial pigs in the United States. The SLA genotyping result allowed us to predict potential CTL epitopes from a contemporary strain of PRRSV (RFLP 1-7-4) by using bioinformatic tools. The predicted epitopes were then evaluated in an ex vivo stimulation assay with peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from pigs experimentally-infected with PRRSV. Using flow-cytometry analysis, we identified a number of immuno-stimulatory CTL epitopes, including two peptides from GP3 and two from Nsp9 that significantly improved both degranulation marker CD107a and IFN-γ production in cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and γδ T cells, and two peptides that inhibited IFN-γ production. These CTL epitopes will aid future vaccine development against PRRSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian M Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Debin Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - C Lynn Heffron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Sakthivel Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Tanja Opriessnig
- The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | | | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Cui J, O’Connell CM, Costa A, Pan Y, Smyth JA, Verardi PH, Burgess DJ, Van Kruiningen HJ, Garmendia AE. A PRRSV GP5-Mosaic vaccine: Protection of pigs from challenge and ex vivo detection of IFNγ responses against several genotype 2 strains. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208801. [PMID: 30703122 PMCID: PMC6354972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is a highly mutable RNA virus that affects swine worldwide and its control is very challenging due to its formidable heterogeneity in the field. In the present study, DNA vaccines constructed with PRRSV GP5-Mosaic sequences were complexed to cationic liposomes and administered to experimental pigs by intradermal and intramuscular injection, followed by three boosters 14, 28 and 42 days later. The GP5-Mosaic vaccine thus formulated was immunogenic and induced protection from challenge in vaccinated pigs comparable to that induced by a wild type (VR2332) GP5 DNA vaccine (GP5-WT). Periodic sampling of blood and testing of vaccine-induced responses followed. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA expression by virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of GP5-Mosaic-vaccinated pigs was significantly higher compared to pigs vaccinated with either GP5-WT or empty vector at 21, 35 and 48 days after vaccination. Cross-reactive cellular responses were also demonstrated in GP5-Mosaic vaccinated pigs after stimulation of PBMCs with divergent strains of PRRSV. Thus, significantly higher levels of IFN-γ mRNA were detected when PBMCs from GP5-Mosaic-vaccinated pigs were stimulated by four Genotype 2 strains (VR2332, NADC9, NADC30 and SDSU73), which have at least 10% difference in GP5 amino acid sequences, while such responses were recorded only upon VR2332 stimulation in GP5-WT-vaccinated pigs. In addition, the levels of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies were higher in GP5-Mosaic or GP5-WT vaccinated pigs than those in vector-control pigs. The experimental pigs vaccinated with either the GP5-Mosaic vaccine or the GP5-WT vaccine were partially protected from challenge with VR2332, as measured by significantly lower viral loads in sera and tissues and lower lung lesion scores than the vector control group. These data demonstrate that the GP5-Mosaic vaccine can induce cross-reactive cellular responses to diverse strains, neutralizing antibodies, and protection in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junru Cui
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Caitlin M. O’Connell
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Antonio Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yan Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and New Technology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Joan A. Smyth
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Paulo H. Verardi
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Diane J. Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Herbert J. Van Kruiningen
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Antonio E. Garmendia
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Independent evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 with genetic heterogeneity in antigenic regions of structural proteins in Korea. Arch Virol 2018; 164:213-224. [PMID: 30317394 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen that affects the global swine industry. The continuous evolution of this virus has made control and prevention difficult, which emphasizes the importance of monitoring currently circulating PRRSV strains. In this study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of whole structural genes of 35 PRRSV-2 isolates that circulated between 2012 and 2017 in Korea. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that a recently identified PRRSV-2 shared a relatively low level of nucleotide sequence identity that ranged from 86.2% to 92.8%; however, they were clustered into four distinct Korean field clades, except KU-N1702, in ORF2-7-based phylogeny. KU-N1702 was closely related to the NADC30-like strains that were identified in the USA and China. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the GP5 neutralizing epitope was conserved among the KU viruses. In contrast, the viruses had genetic mutations in key residues for viral neutralization within GP5 and M. For minor structural proteins, neutralizing epitopes, aa 41-55 of GP2, 61-75 of GP3, and 51-65 of GP4, were variable among the KU viruses. Bioinformatics demonstrated diversifying evolution within the GP2 and GP4 neutralizing epitopes and the emergence of a novel glycosylation site within the GP3 and GP4 neutralizing epitopes. Taken together, these data provide evidence that Korean PRRSV-2 evolved independently in Korea, with genetic heterogeneity in antigenic regions of structural proteins.
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Chung CJ, Cha SH, Grimm AL, Ajithdoss D, Rzepka J, Chung G, Yu J, Davis WC, Ho CS. Pigs that recover from porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus infection develop cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8- T-cells that kill virus infected cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203482. [PMID: 30188946 PMCID: PMC6126854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is difficult to control because the virus undergoes antigenic variation during infection and also modulates the protective host immune response. Although current vaccines do not provide full protection, they have provided insight into the mechanisms of protection. Live PRRSV vaccines induce partial protection before the appearance of neutralizing antibody, suggesting cell-mediated immunity or other mechanisms may be involved. Herein, we demonstrate recovery from infection is associated with development of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) that can kill PRRSV-infected target cells. Initial experiments showed survival of PRRSV-infected monocyte derived macrophage (MDM) targets is reduced when overlaid with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from gilts that had recovered from PRRSV infection. Further studies with PBMC depleted of either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells and positively selected subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were involved in killing. Examination of killing at different time points revealed killing was biphasic and mediated by CTL of different phenotypes. CD4+CD8+high were associated with killing target cells infected for 3–6 hours. CD4+CD8- CTL were associated with killing at 16–24 hours. Thus, all the anti-PRRSV CTL activity in pigs was attributed to two phenotypes of CD4+ cells which is different from the anti-viral CD4-CD8+ CTL phenotype found in most other animals. These findings will be useful for evaluating CTL responses induced by current and future vaccines, guiding to a novel direction for future vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungwon J. Chung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- VMRD Inc., Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CJC); (SHC)
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CJC); (SHC)
| | | | - Dharani Ajithdoss
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joanna Rzepka
- VMRD Inc., Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Grace Chung
- VMRD Inc., Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jieun Yu
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - William C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chak-Sum Ho
- Gift of life Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Fan S, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang X, Wu Y, Li Z, Zhang N, Xia C. Polymorphism and peptide-binding specificities of porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Mol Immunol 2018; 93:236-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
|
20
|
Gao C, He X, Quan J, Jiang Q, Lin H, Chen H, Qu L. Specificity Characterization of SLA Class I Molecules Binding to Swine-Origin Viral Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Peptides in Vitro. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2524. [PMID: 29326671 PMCID: PMC5741678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I molecules play a crucial role in generating specific cellular immune responses against viruses and other intracellular pathogens. They mainly bind and present antigens of intracellular origin to circulating MHC I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Binding of an appropriate epitope to an SLA class I molecule is the single most selective event in antigen presentation and the first step in the killing of infected cells by CD8+ CTLs. Moreover, the antigen epitopes are strictly restricted to specific SLA molecules. In this study, we constructed SLA class I complexes in vitro comprising viral epitope peptides, the extracellular region of the SLA-1 molecules, and β2-microglobulin (β2m) using splicing overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR). The protein complexes were induced and expressed in an Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system and subsequently purified and refolded. Specific binding of seven SLA-1 proteins to one classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and four porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) epitope peptides was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based method. The SLA-1∗13:01, SLA-1∗11:10, and SLA-1∗11:01:02 proteins were able to bind specifically to different CTL epitopes of CSFV and PRRSV and the MHC restrictions of the five epitopes were identified. The fixed combination of Asn151Val152 residues was identified as the potentially key amino acid residues influencing the binding of viral several CTL epitope peptides to SLA-1∗13:01 and SLA-1∗04:01:01 proteins. The more flexible pocket E in the SLA-1∗13:01 protein might have fewer steric limitations and therefore be able to accommodate more residues of viral CTL epitope peptides, and may thus play a critical biochemical role in determining the peptide-binding motif of SLA-1∗13:01. Characterization of the binding specificity of peptides to SLA class I molecules provides an important basis for epitope studies of infectious diseases in swine, and for the rational development of novel porcine vaccines, as well as for detailed studies of CTL responses in pigs used as animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiwen He
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinqiang Quan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liandong Qu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Molecular characterization and recombination analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in southwestern China during 2012-2016. Virus Genes 2017; 54:98-110. [PMID: 29138994 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important swine pathogen causing tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. To investigate the prevalence of PRRSV of genotype 2 (North American type, NA-type) in southwestern China, the Nsp2 hypervariable region (Nsp2 HV) and ORF5 of 61 PRRS viruses collected during 2012-2016 were sequenced and analyzed. All the virus detected clustered into the JXA1-like (52/61), VR-2332-like (7/61), and NADC30-like (2/61) sub-genotypes. Five deletions in Nsp2 HV were detected in addition to the typical 30aa discontinuous deletion in HP-PRRSV, and two of these five were not reported previously. Strikingly, two PRRS virus (SCnj16 and SCcd16) isolated in 2016 contained the classic HP-PRRSV molecular marker in the Nsp2-coding region, but belonged to the NADC30-like sub-genotype on the ORF5 gene. Further recombination and phylogenetic analysis on the two complete genomic sequences revealed that they may have originated from recombination events between the NADC30 and Chinese HP-PRRSV strains. The present study suggests that the endemic PRRSVs in the region have continuously evolved and new vaccine strategies are necessary for more efficient control of the virus.
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Hernández J, Rascón-Castelo E, Bray J, Lokhandwala S, Mwangi W. Immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus expressing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus polyepitopes. Vet Microbiol 2017; 212:7-15. [PMID: 29173591 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a chimeric antigen containing characterized PRRSV epitopes. A synthetic gene, designated HEJ, encoding defined epitopes was used to generate a recombinant adenovirus designed Ad-HEJ. The chimeric antigen included T-cell epitopes from structural and nonstructural proteins, and a neutralizing B-cell epitope. Following a homologous prime-boost immunization, the Ad-HEJ virus elicited significant (p<0.05) epitope-specific IFN-γ responses compared to sham-treatment. Two weeks post-challenge, this response was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to the negative control treatment. IFN-γ response to PRRSV stimulation in vitro were observed in both groups only after challenge. Antibodies against PRRSV and peptides were detectable following prime-boost immunization in the Ad-HEJ treatment group and the responses increased post-challenge against the virus and against most of the peptides. All the swine were viremic one week post-challenge, but four weeks later, five out of the seven Ad-HEJ vaccinees had cleared the PRRSV, whereas only two of the six negative controls had cleared the virus. The outcome suggests that the adenovirus expressing defined epitopes induced a strong immune response against the peptides, but this response was not sufficient to confer protection against PRRSV challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Rascón-Castelo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD, A.C.), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Cortey M, Díaz I, Martín-Valls G, Mateu E. Next-generation sequencing as a tool for the study of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) macro- and micro- molecular epidemiology. Vet Microbiol 2017; 209:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
|
24
|
Subramaniam S, Piñeyro P, Derscheid RJ, Madson DM, Magstadt DR, Meng XJ. Dendritic cell-targeted porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigens adjuvanted with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) induced non-protective immune responses against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 190:18-25. [PMID: 28778318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is an economically important swine viral disease worldwide. Current modified live-attenuated vaccines are ineffective against heterologous strains of PRRS virus (PRRSV) circulating in the field. In this study, we evaluated three dendritic cell (DC)-targeted vaccine candidates for their protective efficacy against heterologous PRRSV challenge. Ectodomain regions of DNA-shuffled structural proteins GP3, GP4, GP5 and M of PRRSV were fused together to form the vaccine antigen which was in turn fused with one of three recombinant antibodies each specific to a DC receptor: DC-SIGN, Langerin, and DEC205. The recombinant antibody-fused vaccine antigens were co-administered with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) adjuvant and subsequently challenged with a heterologous type 2 PRRSV strain (NADC20) in pigs. Our results demonstrate that pigs in DC-SIGN- and DEC205-targeted, but not Langerin- and non-targeted, vaccine groups showed significant IFN-γ- and IL-4-specific CD4T cell immune responses against the vaccine antigen in 7days post-challenge. Pigs in DC-SIGN- and Langerin-targeted vaccine groups showed greatly reduced IgG responses as compared to the DEC205- and non-targeted vaccine groups. The immune responses induced by DC-targeted vaccines did not reduce viremia and lung pathological lesions in type 2 PRRSV-challenged pigs. In contrast, pigs in Langerin-targeted vaccine group showed significantly increased serum viral titers and viral antigen in lung tissues at 7 and 14days post-challenge respectively. In conclusion, specific targeting of PRRSV antigen through DC-SIGN or DEC205 or Langerin-specific antibodies in the presence of poly (I:C) adjuvant induced immune responses that failed to protect pigs against heterologous type 2 PRRSV challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Darin M Madson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Drew R Magstadt
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Prediction and in vitro verification of potential CTL epitopes conserved among PRRSV-2 strains. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:689-702. [PMID: 28589207 PMCID: PMC5597684 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of one of the most important porcine diseases with a high impact on animal health, welfare, and production economy. PRRSV exhibits a multitude of immunoevasive strategies that, in combination with a very high mutation rate, has hampered the development of safe and broadly protective vaccines. Aiming at a vaccine inducing an effective cytotoxic T cell response, a bioinformatics approach was taken to identify conserved PRRSV-derived peptides predicted to react broadly with common swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I alleles. Briefly, all possible 9- and 10-mer peptides were generated from 104 complete PRRSV type 2 genomes of confirmed high quality, and peptides with high binding affinity to five common SLAs were identified combining the NetMHCpan and positional scanning combinatorial peptide libraries binding predictions. Predicted binders were prioritized according to genomic conservation and SLA coverage using the PopCover algorithm. From this, 53 peptides were acquired for further analysis. Binding affinity and stability of a subset of 101 peptide-SLA combinations were validated in vitro for 4 of the 5 SLAs. Eventually, 23% of the predicted peptide-SLA combinations showed to form complexes with a dissociation half-life ≥30 min. Additionally, combining the two prediction methods proved to be more robust across alleles than either method used alone in terms of predicted-to-observed correlations. In summary, our approach represents a finely tuned epitope prediction pipeline providing a rationally selected ensemble of peptides for future in vivo experiments with pigs expressing the included SLAs.
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Liu JK, Zhou X, Zhai JQ, Li B, Wei CH, Dai AL, Yang XY, Luo ML. Emergence of a novel highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:2059-2074. [PMID: 28198110 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
From 2014 to 2015, four novel highly pathogenic PRRS virus (HP-PRRSV) strains named 14LY01-FJ, 14LY02-FJ 15LY01-FJ, and 15LY02-FJ were isolated from high morbidity (100%) and mortality (40%-80%) in piglets and sows in Fujian Province. To further our knowledge about these novel virus strains, we characterized their complete genomes and determined their pathogenicity in piglets. Full-length genome sequencing analysis showed that these four isolates were closely related to type 2 (North American type, NA-type) isolates, with 88.1%-96.3% nucleotide similarity, but only 60.6%-60.8% homology to the Lelystad virus (LV) (European type, EU-type). The full length of the four isolates was determined to be 15017 or 15018 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(A) tail. Furthermore, the four isolates had three discontinuous deletions (aa 322-432, aa 483, and aa 504-522) within hypervariable region II (HV-II) of Nsp2, as compared to the reference strain VR-2332. This deletion pattern in the four isolates is consistent with strain MN184 and strain NADC30 isolated from America. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses indicated that these virulent strains originated from a natural recombination event between the JXA1-like HP-PRRSV (JXA-1 is one of the earliest Chinese HP-PRRSV strains; sublineage 8.7) and the NADC30-like (lineage 1) PRRSV. Animal experiments demonstrated that these four strains caused significant weight loss and severe histopathological lung lesions as compared to the negative control group. High mortality rate (40% or 80%) was found in piglets infected with any one of the four strains, similar to that found with other Chinese HP-PRRSV strains. This study showed that the novel variant PRRSV was HP-PRRSV, and it is therefore critical to monitor PRRSV evolution in China and develop a method for controlling PRRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-K Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J-Q Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - B Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - C-H Wei
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province, China
| | - A-L Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province, China
| | - X-Y Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province, China
| | - M-L Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Chung CJ, Cha SH, Grimm AL, Chung G, Gibson KA, Yoon KJ, Parish SM, Ho CS, Lee SS. Recognition of Highly Diverse Type-1 and -2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses (PRRSVs) by T-Lymphocytes Induced in Pigs after Experimental Infection with a Type-2 PRRSV Strain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165450. [PMID: 27798650 PMCID: PMC5087905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Live attenuated vaccines confer partial protection in pigs before the appearance of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting the contribution of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). However, PRRSV-specific T-lymphocyte responses and protective mechanisms need to be further defined. To this end, the hypothesis was tested that PRRSV-specific T-lymphocytes induced by exposure to type-2 PRRSV can recognize diverse isolates. Methods An IFN-gamma ELISpot assay was used to enumerate PRRSV-specific T-lymphocytes from PRRSVSD23983-infected gilts and piglets born after in utero infection against 12 serologically and genetically distinct type-1 and -2 PRRSV isolates. The IFN-gamma ELISpot assay using synthetic peptides spanning all open reading frames of PRRSVSD23983 was utilized to localize epitopes recognized by T-lymphocytes. Virus neutralization tests were carried out using the challenge strain (type-2 PRRSVSD23983) and another strain (type-2 PRRSVVR2332) with high genetic similarity to evaluate cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies in gilts after PRRSVSD23983 infection. Results At 72 days post infection, T-lymphocytes from one of three PRRSVSD23983-infected gilts recognized all 12 diverse PRRSV isolates, while T-lymphocytes from the other two gilts recognized all but one isolate. Furthermore, five of nine 14-day-old piglets infected in utero with PRRSVSD23983 had broadly reactive T-lymphocytes, including one piglet that recognized all 12 isolates. Overlapping peptides encompassing all open reading frames of PRRSVSD23983 were used to identify ≥28 peptides with T-lymphocyte epitopes from 10 viral proteins. This included one peptide from the M protein that was recognized by T-lymphocytes from all three gilts representing two completely mismatched MHC haplotypes. In contrast to the broadly reactive T-lymphocytes, neutralizing antibody responses were specific to the infecting PRRSVSD23983 isolate. Conclusion These results demonstrated that T-lymphocytes recognizing antigenically and genetically diverse isolates were induced by infection with a type 2 PRRSV strain (SD23983). If these reponses have cytotoxic or other protective functions, they may help overcome the suboptimal heterologous protection conferred by conventional vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungwon J. Chung
- VMRD Inc., Pullman, WA 99163, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Grace Chung
- VMRD Inc., Pullman, WA 99163, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Gibson
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Jin Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Parish
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, United States of America
| | - Chak-Sum Ho
- Gift of Life Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Lee
- Department of Statistics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Shyu DL, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Schleappi R, Holman L, Roof M, Torrelles JB, Renukaradhya GJ. Comparative analysis of routes of immunization of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in a heterologous virus challenge study. Vet Res 2016; 47:45. [PMID: 26988085 PMCID: PMC4797253 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which infects primarily the respiratory tract of pigs. Thus intranasal (IN) delivery of a potent vaccine-adjuvant formulation is promising. In this study, PRRS-MLV (VR2332) was coadministered ± an adjuvant Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate or CpG ODN through intramuscular (IM) or IN route as a mist, and challenged with a heterologous PRRSV 1-4-4 IN at 42 days post-vaccination (dpv). At 14 and 26 dpv, vaccine viral RNA copies were one log greater in the plasma of PRRS-MLV IM compared to IN vaccinated pigs, and the infectious replicating vaccine virus was detected only in the IM group. In PRRS-MLV ± adjuvant IM vaccinated pigs, reduced viral RNA load and absence of the replicating challenged virus was observed at 7, 10 and 14 days post-challenge (dpc). At 14 dpc, in BAL fluid ≥ 5 log viral RNA copies were detected in all the pig groups, but the replicating challenged virus was undetectable only in IM groups. Immunologically, virus neutralizing antibody titers in the plasma of IM (but not IN) vaccine groups was ≥ 8 against the vaccine and challenged viruses. At 26 dpv, PRRS-MLV IM (without adjuvant) received pigs had significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC. At 14 dpc, relatively increased population of IFN-γ(+) total lymphocytes, NK, CD4, CD8 and γδ T cells were observed in the MLV-IM group. In conclusion, PRRS-MLV IM vaccination induced the virus specific T cell response in pigs, but still it is required to improve its cross-protective efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ouyang
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Jesus Arcos
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rose Schleappi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Lynette Holman
- />Kalmbach Swine Management, L.L.C., Upper Sandusky, OH 43351 USA
| | - Michael Roof
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Mokhtar H, Pedrera M, Frossard JP, Biffar L, Hammer SE, Kvisgaard LK, Larsen LE, Stewart GR, Somavarapu S, Steinbach F, Graham SP. The Non-structural Protein 5 and Matrix Protein Are Antigenic Targets of T Cell Immunity to Genotype 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses. Front Immunol 2016; 7:40. [PMID: 26909080 PMCID: PMC4755262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of one of the most economically important diseases affecting swine worldwide. Efforts to develop a next-generation vaccine have largely focused on envelope glycoproteins to target virus-neutralizing antibody responses. However, these approaches have failed to demonstrate the necessary efficacy to progress toward market. T cells are crucial to the control of many viruses through cytolysis and cytokine secretion. Since control of PRRSV infection is not dependent on the development of neutralizing antibodies, it has been proposed that T cell-mediated immunity plays a key role. Therefore, we hypothesized that conserved T cell antigens represent prime candidates for the development a novel PRRS vaccine. Antigens were identified by screening a proteome-wide synthetic peptide library with T cells from cohorts of pigs rendered immune by experimental infections with a closely related (subtype 1) or divergent (subtype 3) PRRSV-1 strain. Dominant T cell IFN-γ responses were directed against the non-structural protein 5 (NSP5), and to a lesser extent, the matrix (M) protein. The majority of NSP5-specific CD8 T cells and M-specific CD4 T cells expressed a putative effector memory phenotype and were polyfunctional as assessed by coexpression of TNF-α and mobilization of the cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a. Both antigens were generally well conserved among strains of both PRRSV genotypes. Thus, M and NSP5 represent attractive vaccine candidate T cell antigens, which should be evaluated further in the context of PRRSV vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mokhtar
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK; Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Miriam Pedrera
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| | | | - Lucia Biffar
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Lise K Kvisgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Lars E Larsen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Graham R Stewart
- Department of Microbial and Cellular Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | | | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| | - Simon P Graham
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Abstract
In approaching the development of a veterinary vaccine, researchers must choose from a bewildering array of options that can be combined to enhance benefit. The choice and combination of options is not just driven by efficacy, but also consideration of the cost, practicality, and challenges faced in licensing the product. In this review we set out the different choices faced by veterinary vaccine developers, highlight some issues, and propose some pressing needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Rascón-Castelo E, Burgara-Estrella A, Reséndiz-Sandoval M, Hernández-Lugo A, Hernández J. Immune Response of Multiparous Hyper-Immunized Sows against Peptides from Non-Structural and Structural Proteins of PRRSV. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:973-87. [PMID: 26633527 PMCID: PMC4693227 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses of commercial multiparous and hyper-immunized sows against peptides from non-structural (nsp) and structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We selected sows with different numbers of parities from a commercial farm. Management practices on this farm include the use of the MLV commercial vaccine four times per year, plus two vaccinations during the acclimation period. The humoral response was evaluated via the antibody recognition of peptides from nsp and structural proteins, and the cellular response was assessed by measuring the frequency of peptide and PRRSV-specific IFN-gamma-secreting cells (IFNγ-SC). Our results show that sows with six parities have more antibodies against peptides from structural proteins than against peptides from nsp. The analysis of the cellular response revealed that the number of immunizations did not affect the frequency of IFNγ-SC and that the response was stronger against peptides from structural proteins (M protein) than against nsp (nsp2). In summary, these results demonstrate that multiparous, hyper-immunized sows have a stronger immune humoral response to PRRSV structural peptides than nsp, but no differences in IFNγ-SC against the same peptides were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Rascón-Castelo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD) Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Alexel Burgara-Estrella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD) Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD) Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | | | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C (CIAD) Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Gutiérrez AH, Martin WD, Bailey-Kellogg C, Terry F, Moise L, De Groot AS. Development and validation of an epitope prediction tool for swine (PigMatrix) based on the pocket profile method. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:290. [PMID: 26370412 PMCID: PMC4570239 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell epitope prediction tools and associated vaccine design algorithms have accelerated the development of vaccines for humans. Predictive tools for swine and other food animals are not as well developed, primarily because the data required to develop the tools are lacking. Here, we overcome a lack of T cell epitope data to construct swine epitope predictors by systematically leveraging available human information. Applying the “pocket profile method”, we use sequence and structural similarities in the binding pockets of human and swine major histocompatibility complex proteins to infer Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) peptide binding preferences. We developed epitope-prediction matrices (PigMatrices), for three SLA class I alleles (SLA-1*0401, 2*0401 and 3*0401) and one class II allele (SLA-DRB1*0201), based on the binding preferences of the best-matched Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) pocket for each SLA pocket. The contact residues involved in the binding pockets were defined for class I based on crystal structures of either SLA (SLA-specific contacts, Ssc) or HLA supertype alleles (HLA contacts, Hc); for class II, only Hc was possible. Different substitution matrices were evaluated (PAM and BLOSUM) for scoring pocket similarity and identifying the best human match. The accuracy of the PigMatrices was compared to available online swine epitope prediction tools such as PickPocket and NetMHCpan. Results PigMatrices that used Ssc to define the pocket sequences and PAM30 to score pocket similarity demonstrated the best predictive performance and were able to accurately separate binders from random peptides. For SLA-1*0401 and 2*0401, PigMatrix achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.78 and 0.73, respectively, which were equivalent or better than PickPocket (0.76 and 0.54) and NetMHCpan version 2.4 (0.41 and 0.51) and version 2.8 (0.72 and 0.71). In addition, we developed the first predictive SLA class II matrix, obtaining an AUC of 0.73 for existing SLA-DRB1*0201 epitopes. Notably, PigMatrix achieved this level of predictive power without training on SLA binding data. Conclusion Overall, the pocket profile method combined with binding preferences from HLA binding data shows significant promise for developing T cell epitope prediction tools for pigs. When combined with existing vaccine design algorithms, PigMatrix will be useful for developing genome-derived vaccines for a range of pig pathogens for which no effective vaccines currently exist (e.g. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, influenza and porcine epidemic diarrhea). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0724-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres H Gutiérrez
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, CMB/CELS, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Leonard Moise
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, CMB/CELS, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, 02860, USA.
| | - Anne S De Groot
- Institute for Immunology and Informatics, CMB/CELS, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,EpiVax, Inc., Providence, RI, 02860, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Deng MC, Chang CY, Huang TS, Tsai HJ, Chang C, Wang FI, Huang YL. Molecular epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated from 1991 to 2013 in Taiwan. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2709-18. [PMID: 26246243 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was first identified in Taiwan in 1991, but the genetic diversity and evolution of PRRSV has not been thoroughly investigated over the past 20 years. The aim of this study was to bridge the gap in understanding of its molecular epidemiology. A total of 31 PRRSV strains were collected and sequenced. The sequences were aligned using the MUSCLE program, and phylogenetic analysis were performed by the maximum-likelihood method and the neighbor-joining method using MEGA 5.2 software. In the early 1990s, two prototype strains, WSV and MD001 of the North American genotype, were first identified. Over the years, both viruses evolved separately. The population dynamics of PRRSV revealed that the strains of the MD001 group were predominant in Taiwan. Evolution was manifested in changes in the nsp2 and ORF5 genes. In addition, a suspected newly invading exotic strain was recovered in 2013, suggesting that international spread is still taking place and that it is affecting the population dynamics. Overall, the results provide an important basis for vaccine development for the control and prevention of PRRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Deng
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Chang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Shine Huang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Jung Tsai
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chieh Chang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan
| | - Fun-In Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Huang
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tansui, New Taipei, 25158, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Production and evaluation of virus-like particles displaying immunogenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8382-96. [PMID: 25874763 PMCID: PMC4425087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most significant infectious disease currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. Several inactivated and modified live vaccines (MLV) have been developed to curb PRRSV infections. However, the efficacy and safety of these vaccines are unsatisfactory, and hence, there is a strong demand for the development of new PRRS universal vaccines. Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are gaining increasing acceptance compared to subunit vaccines, as they present the antigens in a more veritable conformation and are readily recognized by the immune system. Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has been successfully used as a carrier for more than 100 viral sequences. In this study, hybrid HBcAg VLPs were generated by fusion of the conserved protective epitopes of PRRSV and expressed in E. coli. An optimized purification protocol was developed to obtain hybrid HBcAg VLP protein from the inclusion bodies. This hybrid HBcAg VLP protein self-assembled to 23-nm VLPs that were shown to block virus infection of susceptible cells when tested on MARC 145 cells. Together with the safety of non-infectious and non-replicable VLPs and the low cost of production through E. coli fermentation, this hybrid VLP could be a promising vaccine candidate for PRRS.
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory disease syndrome (PRRS) is a viral pandemic that especially affects neonates within the “critical window” of immunological development. PRRS was recognized in 1987 and within a few years became pandemic causing an estimated yearly $600,000 economic loss in the USA with comparative losses in most other countries. The causative agent is a single-stranded, positive-sense enveloped arterivirus (PRRSV) that infects macrophages and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Despite the discovery of PRRSV in 1991 and the publication of >2,000 articles, the control of PRRS is problematic. Despite the large volume of literature on this disease, the cellular and molecular mechanisms describing how PRRSV dysregulates the host immune system are poorly understood. We know that PRRSV suppresses innate immunity and causes abnormal B cell proliferation and repertoire development, often lymphopenia and thymic atrophy. The PRRSV genome is highly diverse, rapidly evolving but amenable to the generation of many mutants and chimeric viruses for experimental studies. PRRSV only replicates in swine which adds to the experimental difficulty since no inbred well-defined animal models are available. In this article, we summarize current knowledge and apply it toward developing a series of provocative and testable hypotheses to explain how PRRSV immunomodulates the porcine immune system with the goal of adding new perspectives on this disease.
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Balka G, Wang X, Olasz F, Bálint Á, Kiss I, Bányai K, Rusvai M, Stadejek T, Marthaler D, Murtaugh MP, Zádori Z. Full genome sequence analysis of a wild, non-MLV-related type 2 Hungarian PRRSV variant isolated in Europe. Virus Res 2015; 200:1-8. [PMID: 25616050 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a widespread pathogen of pigs causing significant economic losses to the swine industry. The expanding diversity of PRRSV strains makes the diagnosis, control and eradication of the disease more and more difficult. In the present study, the authors report the full genome sequencing of a type 2 PRRSV strain isolated from piglet carcasses in Hungary. Next generation sequencing was used to determine the complete genome sequence of the isolate (PRRSV-2/Hungary/102/2012). Recombination analysis performed with the available full-length genome sequences showed no evidence of such event with other known PRRSV. Unique deletions and an insertion were found in the nsp2 region of PRRSV-2/Hungary/102/2012 when it was compared to the highly virulent VR2332 and JXA-1 prototype strains. The majority of amino acid alterations in GP4 and GP5 of the virus were in the known antigenic regions suggesting an important role for immunological pressure in PRRSV-2/Hungary/102/2012 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belongs to lineage 1 or 2 of type 2 PRRSV. Considering the lack of related PRRSV in Europe, except for a partial sequence from Slovakia, the ancestor of PRRSV-2/Hungary/102/2012 was most probably transported from North-America. It is the first documented type 2 PRRSV isolated in Europe that is not related to the Ingelvac MLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Balka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ferenc Olasz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- National Food Chain Safety Office Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Tábornok u. 2, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Kiss
- Ceva-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co. Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Rusvai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Douglas Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Mokhtar H, Eck M, Morgan SB, Essler SE, Frossard JP, Ruggli N, Graham SP. Proteome-wide screening of the European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus reveals a broad range of T cell antigen reactivity. Vaccine 2014; 32:6828-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
|
38
|
Subramaniam S, Piñeyro P, Tian D, Overend C, Yugo DM, Matzinger SR, Rogers AJ, Haac MER, Cao Q, Heffron CL, Catanzaro N, Kenney SP, Huang YW, Opriessnig T, Meng XJ. In vivo targeting of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen through porcine DC-SIGN to dendritic cells elicits antigen-specific CD4T cell immunity in pigs. Vaccine 2014; 32:6768-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
|
39
|
Zhao H, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wang Y, Feng WH. Recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 elicits mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:199-208. [PMID: 24378591 PMCID: PMC4087221 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, killed-virus and modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines are used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. However, both types of vaccines have inherent drawbacks; accordingly, the development of novel PRRSV vaccines is urgently needed. Previous studies have suggested that yeast possesses adjuvant activities, and it has been used as an expression vehicle to elicit immune responses to foreign antigens. In this report, recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing GP5 of HP-PRRSV (Yeast-GP5) was generated and immune responses to this construct were analyzed in mice. Intestinal mucosal PRRSV-specific sIgA antibody and higher levels of IFN-γ in spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were induced by oral administration of Yeast-GP5. Additionally, Yeast-GP5 administered subcutaneously evoked vigorous cell-mediated immunity, and PRRSV-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ secretion were detected in the splenocytes of mice. These results suggest that Yeast-GP5 has the potential for use as a vaccine for PRRSV in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Liao YC, Lin HH, Lin CH, Chung WB. Identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on swine viruses: multi-epitope design for universal T cell vaccine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84443. [PMID: 24358361 PMCID: PMC3866179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are the primary diseases affecting the pig industry globally. Vaccine induced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response might be long-lived and cross-serotype and thus deserve further attention. Although large panels of synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire length of the polyproteins of a virus facilitate the detection of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, it is an exceedingly costly and cumbersome approach. Alternatively, computational predictions have been proven to be of satisfactory accuracy and are easily performed. Such a method enables the systematic identification of genome-wide CTL epitopes by incorporating epitope prediction tools in analyzing large numbers of viral sequences. In this study, we have implemented an integrated bioinformatics pipeline for the identification of CTL epitopes of swine viruses including the CSF virus (CSFV), FMD virus (FMDV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) and assembled these epitopes on a web resource to facilitate vaccine design. Identification of epitopes for cross protections to different subtypes of virus are also reported in this study and may be useful for the development of a universal vaccine against such viral infections among the swine population. The CTL epitopes identified in this study have been evaluated in silico and possibly provide more and wider protection in compared to traditional single-reference vaccine design. The web resource is free and open to all users through http://sb.nhri.org.tw/ICES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Liao
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsin-Hung Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Molecular evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from central China. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:908-12. [PMID: 23998927 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the genetic diversity of prevailing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Henan Province of China, 61 ORF5 gene sequences, originating from Henan Province during 2003-2010, were subjected to amino acid variation and phylogenetic analysis. The analyzed PRRSV ORF5 sequences carried evidence of one unique recombination event. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Henan isolates belonged to type 2 genotype and were divided into two subgroups. The dominant isolates had shifted from subgroup 1 to subgroup 2 during 2003-2010. Amino acid variation analysis of the glycoprotein 5 revealed that Henan PRRSV strains tended to accumulate more substitutions within the N-terminus and hypervariable region. Selective pressure analysis revealed evidence that some ORF5 sites have likely evolved in response to immune pressure.
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Wang Y, Zhao H, Ma Z, Wang Y, Feng WH. CTLA4 mediated targeting enhances immunogenicity against PRRSV in a DNA prime/killed virus boost strategy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 154:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
|
43
|
Chen C, Li J, Bi Y, Yang L, Meng S, Zhou Y, Jia X, Meng S, Sun L, Liu W. Synthetic B- and T-cell epitope peptides of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus with Gp96 as adjuvant induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2013; 31:1838-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
|
44
|
Predicted peptides from non-structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are able to induce IFN-γ and IL-10. Viruses 2013; 5:663-77. [PMID: 23435238 PMCID: PMC3640520 DOI: 10.3390/v5020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes peptides from non-structural proteins (nsp) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) predicted as potential T cell epitopes by bioinfornatics and tested for their ability to induce IFN-γ and IL-10 responses. Pigs immunized with either genotype 1 or genotype 2 PRRSV attenuated vaccines (n=5/group) and unvaccinated pigs (n = 4) were used to test the peptides. Swine leukocyte antigen haplotype of each pig was also determined. Pigs were initially screened for IFN-γ responses (ELISPOT) and three peptides were identified; two of them in non-conserved segments of nsp2 and nsp5 and the other in a conserved region of nsp5 peptide. Then, peptides were screened for IL-10 inducing properties. Six peptides were found to induce IL-10 release in PBMC and some of them were also able to inhibit IFN-γ responses on PHA-stimulated cells. Interestingly, the IFN-γ low responder pigs against PRRSV were mostly homozygous for their SLA haplotypes. In conclusion, these results indicate that nsp of PRRSV contain T-cell epitopes inducing IFN-γ responses as well as IL-10 inducing segments with inhibitory capabilities.
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Díaz I, Ganges L, Galindo-Cardiel I, Tarradas J, Álvarez B, Lorca-Oró C, Pujols J, Gimeno M, Darwich L, Domingo M, Domínguez J, Mateu E. Immunization with DNA Vaccines Containing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Open Reading Frames 5, 6, and 7 May Be Related to the Exacerbation of Clinical Disease after an Experimental Challenge. Viral Immunol 2013; 26:93-101. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Díaz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Galindo-Cardiel
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Tarradas
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lorca-Oró
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Gimeno
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Domínguez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Hu J, Zhang C. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and strategies to a universal vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 61:109-20. [PMID: 23343057 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of PRRS, the most significant infectious disease currently affecting swine industry worldwide. In the United States alone, the economic losses caused by PRRS amount to more than 560 million US dollars every year. Due to immune evasion strategies and the antigenic heterogeneity of the virus, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed-virus and modified-live vaccines) are of unsatisfactory efficacy, especially against heterologous infection. Continuous efforts have been devoted to develop better PRRSV vaccines. Experimental PRRSV vaccines, including live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vectors expressing PRRSV viral proteins, DNA vaccines and plant-made subunit vaccines, have been developed. However, the genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of the virus limits the value of almost all of the PRRSV vaccines tested. Developing a universal vaccine that can provide broad protection against circulating PRRSV strains has become a major challenge for current vaccine development. This paper reviews current status of PRRSV vaccine development and discusses strategies to develop a universal PRRSV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Parida R, Choi IS, Peterson DA, Pattnaik AK, Laegreid W, Zuckermann FA, Osorio FA. Location of T-cell epitopes in nonstructural proteins 9 and 10 of type-II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 2012; 169:13-21. [PMID: 22771938 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant swine pathogen which exhibits considerable sequence diversity. In an attempt to identify highly conserved T-cell epitopes contained in proteins of this virus, we examined heptadecamer peptides spanning the sequence of the PRRSV nonstructural proteins (NSPs) 9 and 10, both of which are highly conserved, for their ability to elicit a recall proliferative and interferon-gamma response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from pigs immunized against the type-II PRRSV strain FL-12. These studies led to the identification of four peptides, two from each NSP9 and NSP10 that appear to contain T-cell epitopes. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of these four peptide sequences to the analogous sequences from a diverse sample of type-II PRRSV strains indicated that these sequences are highly conserved and thus contain highly conserved T-cell epitopes. The identified epitopes may be important in the formulation of immunogens to provide broad cross-protection against diverse PRRSV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Parida
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Immunological solutions for treatment and prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). Vaccine 2011; 29:8192-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
|
49
|
Identification of immunodominant T-cell epitopes in membrane protein of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res 2011; 158:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
|
50
|
Zhang W, Lin Y, Bai Y, Tong T, Wang Q, Liu N, Liu G, Xiao Y, Yang T, Bu Z, Tong G, Wu D. Identification of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus matrix protein in BALB/c mice. Virol J 2011; 8:263. [PMID: 21619712 PMCID: PMC3126774 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-seven nanopeptides derived from the matrix (M) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were screened for their ability to elicit a recall interferon-γ (IFN-γ) response from the splenocytes of BALB/c mice following DNA vaccination and a booster vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus rWR-PRRSV-M. We identified two peptides (amino acid residues K93FITSRCRL and F57GYMTFVHF) as CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. These peptides elicited significant numbers of IFN-γ secreting cells, compared with other M nonapeptides and one irrelevant nonapeptide. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the former is an H-2Kd-restricted CTL epitope, and the latter is an H-2Dd-restricted CTL epitope. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment among different PRRSV M sequences submitted to GenBank indicated that these two CTL epitopes are strongly conserved, and they should therefore be considered for further research on the mechanisms of cellular immune responses to PRRSV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|