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Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Li J, Lu L, Jiang Y. Development of a lateral flow immuno-chromatic strip assay for the detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1065-1071. [PMID: 37409374 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the main pathogen of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), which has caused serious damage to the ornamental and food-producing carp industry. Effective and rapid on-site detection methods are needed for early diagnosis of CyHV-3. A lateral flow immuno-chromatographic assay (LFIA) using two specific anti-CyHV-3 monoclonal antibodies has been developed and validated for on-site detection of CyHV-3. MAb 3C9 was used to bio-conjugate CyHV-3 antigen with colloidal gold, and MAb 2A8 was used to capture antigen bound colloidal gold on the test line. The control line was lined with goat anti-mouse IgG to capture unbound colloidal gold to validate performance. The test results can be viewed within 10 min after putting the strip into CyHV-3 virus infection fluid. The lowest limit of detection for the LFIA test was found to be 1.5 × 104 copies/μL and it showed no cross-reactivity with other fish viral pathogens. The specificity of the strip was 100% when spleen and kidney tissues of CyHV-3-infected and healthy koi were validated at the field level. The LFIA strip will be an effective device for the early detection of CyHV-3 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zheng
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lupin Zhao
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxun Li
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Tian Q, Huo X, Liu Q, Yang C, Zhang Y, Su J. VP4/VP56/VP35 Virus-like Particles Effectively Protect Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) against GCRV-II Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1373. [PMID: 37631941 PMCID: PMC10458301 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) seriously threatens the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry. Prophylactic GCRV vaccines prepared by virus-like particle (VLP) assembly biotechnology can improve effectiveness and safety. The highly immunogenic candidate antigens of GCRV vaccines that have been generally considered are the outer capsid proteins VP4, VP56, and VP35. In this study, VP4, VP56, and VP35 were expressed in an Escherichia coli expression system and a Pichia pastoris expression system. The successful assembly of uniform, stable, and non-toxic VP4/VP56/VP35 VLPs was confirmed through various assays. After vaccination and GCRV infection, the survival rate in the VLPs + adjuvant Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) group was the highest (62%), 40% higher than that in control group (22%). Through the antibody levels, tissue viral load, and antioxidant immunity assays, the P. pastoris VLP vaccine effectively improved IgM levels, alleviated tissue virus load, and regulated antioxidant immune-related indicators. The treatment with P. pastoris VLPs enhanced the mRNA expression of important immune-related genes in the head kidney, as measured by qRT-PCR assay. Upon hematoxylin-eosin staining examination, relatively reduced tissue pathological damage was observed in the VLPs + APS group. The novel vaccine using P. pastoris VLPs as an effective green biological agent provides a prospective strategy for the control of fish viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Tian
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430000, China;
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.T.); (X.H.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Song HC, Yang YX, Lan QG, Cong W. Immunological effects of recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing pilin MshB fused with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant as an oral vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108934. [PMID: 37419434 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a zoonotic agent capable of infecting fish and mammals, including humans, posing a serious threat to the development of aquaculture and public health safety. Currently, few effective vaccines are available through convenient routes against A. veronii infection. Herein, we developed vaccine candidates by inserting MSH type VI pili B (MshB) from A. veronii as an antigen and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant into Lactobacillus casei and evaluated their immunological effect as vaccines in a crucian carp (Carassius auratus) model. The results suggested that recombinant L. casei Lc-pPG-MshB and Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB can be stably inherited for more than 50 generations. Oral administration of recombinant L. casei vaccine candidates stimulated the production of high levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), complement 3 (C3) and C4 in crucian carp (carassius auratus) compared to the control group (Lc-pPG612 group and PBS group) without significant changes. Moreover, the expression levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes in the gills, liver, spleen, kidney and gut of crucian carp orally immunized with recombinant L. casei were significantly upregulated compared to the control groups, indicating that recombinant L. casei induced a significant cellular immune response. In addition, viable recombinant L. casei can be detected and stably colonized in the intestine tract of crucian carp. Particularly, crucian carp immunized orally with Lc-pPG-MshB and Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB exhibited higher survival rates (48% for Lc-pPG-MshB and 60% for Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB) and significantly reduced loads of A. veronii in the major immune organs after A. veronii challenge. Our findings indicated that both recombinant L. casei strains provide favorable immune protection, with Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB in particular being more effective and promising as an ideal candidate for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Yi-Xuan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Qi-Guan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China.
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Afifah J, Sukenda S, Alimuddin A, Nasrullah H, Nuryati S. Protective effects of immersion immunization of koi with Escherichia coli DH5α carrying DNA vaccine against koi herpesvirus. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 4:100078. [PMID: 36632411 PMCID: PMC9827348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to immunize the koi fingerlings immersion using the formalin-killed and freeze-dried E. coli DH5α carrying plasmid for the KHV DNA vaccine. 200 fish on each tank in a total water volume of 20 L. Each tanks consists of different vaccination group: PBS as control (10 mL; C), empty E. coli DHα (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; E), formalinkilled E. coli DHα:ORF81 (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; KE), freezedried E.coli DHα:ORF81 without formalin inactivation (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; FE), and formalin-killed and then freeze-dried E. coli DHα:ORF81 (10 mL at 108 CFU mL-1; KFE). The bath vaccination was conducted for 1 × 30 min. For the challenged test, fish were immersed with the 100 mL of LD50 dose of KHV (10-2 dilution from the KHV stock) for 30 min. The vaccination using E. coli DH5α:ORF81 could significantly modulate the innate and adaptive immunity of the fish and result in higher fish survival after KHV infection. The vaccination using formalin-killed or formalin-killed and freezedried E. coli DH5α:ORF81 will be further developed as an alternative to the costefficient koi or carp fingerlings vaccination method.
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Ma R, Chen W, Guo Z, Jia Y, Zhu B, Wang E, Wang G. Screening the potential part of the G protein antigen is an achievable strategy to improve the immune effect of DNA vaccine against MSRV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1101-1108. [PMID: 36372202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines, as an effective prophylactic technology to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, have already been widely studied to prevent and control viral and bacterial infections in aquaculture. To find a more effective and safer way to control Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) infection in largemouth bass, two different DNA vaccines expressing partial (pcDNA3.1-G2) and full-length (pcDNA3.1-G) of the MSRV G protein were developed and injected intramuscularly with different doses. The immune effect was comprehensively compared and evaluated by detecting immune-related parameters including serum antibody levels, immune-related physiological indexes, immune-related gene expression and relative survival rates in this study. The results showed that compared with the pcDNA3.1-G vaccine, the pcDNA3.1-G2 vaccine induced higher serum antibody levels, a lower nonspecific immune response in serum (ACP, SOD and T-AOC activities), higher immune-related gene expression and a higher relative survival rate. Moreover, the immune effect of pcDNA3.1-G2-vaccinated fish showed gradually higher with the increasing pcDNA3.1-G2 concentration, especially in pcDNA3.1-G2 (10μg/per fish) group, the relative survival rate reached to 82.5%, which was significant higher (p < 0.05) than pcDNA3.1-G (10μg/per fish) group. This study indicated that screening the potential core part of an antigen is an achievable strategy to improve the immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect of DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zirao Guo
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yijun Jia
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Erlong Wang
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Rojas-Peña M, Aceituno P, Salvador ME, Garcia-Ordoñez M, Teles M, Ortega-Villaizan MDM, Perez L, Roher N. How modular protein nanoparticles may expand the ability of subunit anti-viral vaccines: The spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) case. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1051-1062. [PMID: 36371050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) remains as a vaccine orphan disease mostly affecting juvenile specimens. Young fish are especially difficult to vaccinate and oral administration of vaccine combined with food would be the election system to minimise stress and the vaccination costs associated to injection. However, administration of prophylactics with food pellets faces off several drawbacks mainly related with vaccine degradation and weak protection correlates of oral vaccines. Here we present a platform based on recombinant proteins (subunit vaccines) manufactured as highly resistant nanostructured materials, and providing excellent levels of protection against SVC virus in a preliminary i.p injection challenge. The G3 domain of SVCV glycoprotein G was overexpressed in E. coli together with IFNγ and the modular protein was purified from bacterial aggregates (inclusion bodies) as highly organised nanostructured biomaterial (nanopellets, NP). These SVCV-IFNNP were taken up by zebrafish cells leading to the enhanced expression of different antiviral and IFN markers (e.g vig1, mx, lmp2 or ifngr1 among others) in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL). To monitor if SVCVNP and SVCV-IFNNP can be taken up by intestinal epithelia and can induce antiviral response we performed experiments with SVCVNP and SVCV-IFNNP in 3 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae. Both, SVCVNP and SVCV-IFNNP were taken up and accumulated in the intestine without signs of toxicity. The antiviral response in larvae showed a different induction pattern: SVCV-IFNNP did not induce an antiviral response while SVCVNP showed a good antiviral induction. Interestingly ZF4, an embryonic derived cell line, showed an antiviral response like ZFL cells, although the lmp2 and ifngr1 (markers of the IFNγ response) were not overexpressed. Experiments with adult zebrafish indicated an excellent level of protection against a SVCV model infection where SVCV-IFNNP vaccinated fish reached 20% cumulative mortality while control fish reached over 80% cumulative mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rojas-Peña
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Patricia Aceituno
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Maria E Salvador
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche, Spain
| | - Marlid Garcia-Ordoñez
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche, Spain
| | - Luis Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche, Spain.
| | - Nerea Roher
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Animal Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
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Zhao Z, Jiang FY, Zhou GQ, Duan HX, Xia JY, Zhu B. Protective immunity against spring viremia of carp virus by mannose modified chitosan loaded DNA vaccine. Virus Res 2022; 320:198896. [PMID: 35977626 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) usually be considered as one of the serious in viral diseases of aquaculture, and DNA vaccine with novel delivery mechanism or adjuvant has proven to be a promising and effective strategy to control aquatic animal diseases. In this study, the mannose-modified chitosan, a carrier system for vaccine delivery, were used to developed a chitosan-encapsulated DNA vaccine (CS-M-G) against SVCV, then investigated immune response induced by the vaccine. Our results showed that CS-M-G was confirmed the spherical or elliptical with even distribution and ranging from approximately 50 to 150 nm in size, the expression of the antigen gene could still be detected after 21 d post vaccination. The CS-M-G induces the highest antibody levels in the 20 μg dose group which is about 3 times than naked plasmid group at 21 d post vaccination, and still hold a higher level than control group at 28 d post vaccination. On the side, strongest protection with relative percent survival of 62.1% in the 20 μg CS-M-G group, which could produce significantly higher enzyme activities and up-regulated expression of immune-associated genes than control group. Thus, our results indicate that DNA vaccine loaded with mannose-modified chitosan induces strong immune response and provided an effective protection against SVCV infection, may be helpful and extended for developing more aquatic animal vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fu-Yi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hui-Xin Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun-Yao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Angulo C, Sanchez V, Delgado K, Monreal-Escalante E, Hernández-Adame L, Angulo M, Tello-Olea M, Reyes-Becerril M. Oral organic nanovaccines against bacterial and viral diseases. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105648. [PMID: 35728750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have saved millions of humans and animals from deadly diseases. Many vaccines are still under development to fight against lethal diseases. Indeed, subunit vaccines are a versatile approach with several advantageous attributes, but they lack strong immunogenicity. Nanotechnology is an avenue to vaccine development because nanoparticles may serve as nanocarriers and adjuvants, which are critical aspects for oral vaccines. This review provides an update of oral organic nanovaccines, describing suitable nanomaterials for oral vaccine design and recent (last five-year view) oral nanovaccine developments to fight against those principal pathogens causing human and animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico.
| | - Veronica Sanchez
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgado
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico; Cátedras-CONACYT. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Luis Hernández-Adame
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico; Cátedras-CONACYT. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Marlene Tello-Olea
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
| | - Martha Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S., 23096, Mexico
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Xu C, Qiao M, Huo X, Liao Z, Su J. An Oral Microencapsulated Vaccine Loaded by Sodium Alginate Effectively Enhances Protection Against GCRV Infection in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:848958. [PMID: 35401526 PMCID: PMC8987307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is highly infectious and lethal to grass carp, causing huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry annually. Currently, vaccination is the most effective method against viral infections. Among the various vaccination methods, the oral vaccination is an ideal way in aquaculture. However, low protective efficiency is the major problem for oral vaccination owing to some reasons, such as antigen degradation and low immunogenicity. In our study, we screened the antigenic epitopes of GCRV-II and prepared an oral microencapsulated vaccine using sodium alginate (SA) as a carrier and flagellin B (FlaB) as an adjuvant, and evaluated its protective effects against GCRV-II infection in grass carp. The full length and three potential antigenic epitope regions of GCRV-II VP56 gene were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by glutathione affinity column respectively. The optimal antigen (VP56-3) was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Adjuvant FlaB was also expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni2+ affinity column. Subsequently, we prepared the oral vaccines using sodium alginate as a carrier. The vaccine (SA-VP56-3/FlaB) forms microsphere (1.24 ± 0.22 μm), examined by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering assay. SA-VP56-3/FlaB vaccine has excellent stability, slow-release, and low toxicity by dynamic light scattering assay, release dynamic assay, in vivo fluorescence imaging system, hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Then we vaccinated grass carp orally with SA-VP56-3/FlaB and measured immune-related parameters (serum neutralizing antibody titer, serum enzyme activity (TSOD, LZM, C3), immune-related genes ((IgM, IFN1, MHC-II, CD8 in head kidney and spleen), IgZ in hindgut)). The results showed that SA-VP56-3/FlaB significantly induced strong immune responses, compared to other groups. The highest survival rate achieved in SA-VP56-3/FlaB microencapsulated vaccine (56%) in 2 weeks post GCRV challenge, while 10% for the control group. Meanwhile, the tissue virus load in survival grass carp is lowest in SA-VP56-3/FlaB group. These results indicated that SA-VP56-3/FlaB could be a candidate oral vaccine against GCRV-II infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Meihua Qiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Su,
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Bøgwald J, Dalmo RA. Protection of Teleost Fish against Infectious Diseases through Oral Administration of Vaccines: Update 2021. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10932. [PMID: 34681594 PMCID: PMC8535532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion and intraperitoneal injection are the two most common methods used for the vaccination of fish. Because both methods require that fish are handled and thereby stressed, oral administration of vaccines as feed supplements is desirable. In addition, in terms of revaccination (boosting) of adult fish held in net pens, oral administration of vaccines is probably the only feasible method to obtain proper protection against diseases over long periods of time. Oral vaccination is considered a suitable method for mass immunization of large and stress-sensitive fish populations. Moreover, oral vaccines may preferably induce mucosal immunity, which is especially important to fish. Experimental oral vaccine formulations include both non-encapsulated and encapsulated antigens, viruses and bacteria. To develop an effective oral vaccine, the desired antigens must be protected against the harsh environments in the stomach and gut so they can remain intact when they reach the lower gut/intestine where they normally are absorbed and transported to immune cells. The most commonly used encapsulation method is the use of alginate microspheres that can effectively deliver vaccines to the intestine without degradation. Other encapsulation methods include chitosan encapsulation, poly D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid and liposome encapsulation. Only a few commercial oral vaccines are available on the market, including those against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), Spring viremia carp virus (SVCV), infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) and Piscirickettsia salmonis. This review highlights recent developments of oral vaccination in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy A. Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, Muninbakken 21, N-9019 Tromsø, Norway;
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11
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Immunogenicity of Recombinant-Deficient Lactobacillus casei with Complementary Plasmid Expressing Alanine Racemase Gene and Core Neutralizing Epitope Antigen against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101084. [PMID: 34696192 PMCID: PMC8537014 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), which is caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), has occurred worldwide and poses a serious threat to the pig industry. Intestine is the main function site of PEDV; therefore, it is important to develop an oral mucosal immunity vaccine against this virus infection. Most traditional plasmid delivery vectors use antibiotic genes as a selective marker, easily leading to antibiotic accumulation and gene contamination. In this study, to explore whether the alanine racemase gene (Alr) could be used as a screening marker and develop an efficient oral vaccine against PEDV infection, a recombinant strain was constructed using Lactobacillus casei with Alr deletion (L. casei ΔAlr W56) to deliver the Alr gene and a core-neutralizing epitope (COE) antigen. This recombinant bacterium efficiently induced secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)-based mucosal and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based humoral immune responses via oral vaccination in mice. Compared to the other strains, the recombinant bacteria were able to grow without the addition of D-alanine, revealing that Alr in the plasmid could function normally in defective bacteria. This oral mucosal vaccine would provide a useful strategy to substitute the application of antibiotics in the future and induce efficient immune responses against PEDV infection.
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12
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Muñoz C, González-Lorca J, Parra M, Soto S, Valdes N, Sandino AM, Vargas R, González A, Tello M. Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696781. [PMID: 34475871 PMCID: PMC8406758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of Lactococcus lactis as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, in vivo and in vitro. The interferon expressed in L. lactis, even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, the oral administration of this L. lactis producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of L. lactis producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josue González-Lorca
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mick Parra
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarita Soto
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Valdes
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,ActivaQ S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alex González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mario Tello
- Laboratorio de Metagenómica Bacteriana, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IctioBiotic SpA, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Oral Probiotic Vaccine Expressing Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) ORF81 Protein Delivered by Chitosan-Alginate Capsules Is a Promising Strategy for Mass Oral Vaccination of Carps against KHV Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00415-21. [PMID: 33827944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00415-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is highly contagious and lethal to cyprinid fish, causing significant economic losses to the carp aquaculture industry, particularly to koi carp breeders. Vaccines delivered through intramuscular needle injection or gene gun are not suitable for mass vaccination of carp. So, the development of cost-effective oral vaccines that are easily applicable at a farm level is highly desirable. In this study, we utilized chitosan-alginate capsules as an oral delivery system for a live probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) vaccine, pYG-KHV-ORF81/LR CIQ249, expressing KHV ORF81 protein. The tolerance of the encapsulated recombinant Lactobacillus to various digestive environments and the ability of the probiotic strain to colonize the intestine of carp was tested. The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the encapsulated probiotic vaccine was evaluated by determining IgM levels, lymphocyte proliferation, expression of immune-related genes, and viral challenge to vaccinated fish. It was clear that the chitosan-alginate capsules protected the probiotic vaccine effectively against extreme digestive environments, and a significant level (P < 0.01) of antigen-specific IgM with KHV-neutralizing activity was detected, which provided a protection rate of ca. 85% for koi carp against KHV challenge. The strategy of using chitosan-alginate capsules to deliver probiotic vaccines is easily applicable for mass oral vaccination of fish.IMPORTANCE An oral probiotic vaccine, pYG-KHV-ORF81/LR CIQ249, encapsulated by chitosan-alginate capsules as an oral delivery system was developed for koi carp against koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine can be protected from various digestive environments and maintain effectively high viability, showing a good tolerance to digestive environments. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine has a good immunogenicity in koi carp via oral vaccination, and a significant level of antigen-specific IgM was effectively induced after oral vaccination, displaying effective KHV-neutralizing activity. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine can provide effective protection for koi carp against KHV challenge, which is handling-stress free for the fish, cost effective, and suitable for the mass oral vaccination of koi carp at a farm level, suggesting a promising vaccine strategy for fish.
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Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050466. [PMID: 34066443 PMCID: PMC8148110 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of COVID-19, now represents the sixth Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2009. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted via the mucosal route, a therapy administered by this same route may represent a desirable approach to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is now widely accepted that genetically modified microorganisms, including probiotics, represent attractive vehicles for oral or nasal mucosal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Previous studies have shown that the mucosal administration of therapeutic molecules is able to induce an immune response mediated by specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies along with mucosal cell-mediated immune responses, which effectively concur to neutralize and eradicate infections. Therefore, advances in the modulation of mucosal immune responses, and in particular the use of probiotics as live delivery vectors, may encourage prospective studies to assess the effectiveness of genetically modified probiotics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging trends in the ever-progressing field of vaccine development re-emphasize the contribution of adjuvants, along with optimization of codon usage (when designing a synthetic gene), expression level, and inoculation dose to elicit specific and potent protective immune responses. In this review, we will highlight the existing pre-clinical and clinical information on the use of genetically modified microorganisms in control strategies against respiratory and non-respiratory viruses. In addition, we will discuss some controversial aspects of the use of genetically modified probiotics in modulating the cross-talk between mucosal delivery of therapeutics and immune system modulation.
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15
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Zhang T, Gu Y, Liu X, Yuan R, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Fang P, Feng Y, Cao G, Chen H, Xue R, Hu X, Gong C. Incidence of Carassius auratus Gibelio Gill Hemorrhagic Disease Caused by CyHV-2 Infection Can Be Reduced by Vaccination with Polyhedra Incorporating Antigens. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040397. [PMID: 33923836 PMCID: PMC8072653 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of antigens within protein microcrystals (polyhedra) is a promising approach for the stable delivery of vaccines. In this study, a vaccine was encapsulated into polyhedra against cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV-2). CyHV-2 typically infects gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, causing gill hemorrhagic disease. The vaccine was constructed using a codon-optimized sequence, D4ORF, comprising the ORF72 (region 1–186 nt), ORF66 (region 993–1197 nt), ORF81 (region 603–783 nt), and ORF82 (region 85–186 nt) genes of CyHV-2. The H1-D4ORF and D4ORF-VP3 sequences were, respectively, obtained by fusing the H1-helix sequence (region 1–90 nt) ofBombyx mori cypovirus(BmCPV) polyhedrin to the 5′ terminal end of D4ORF and by fusing a partial sequence (1–279 nt) of the BmCPV VP3 gene to the 3′ terminal end of D4ORF. Furthermore, BmNPV-H1-D4ORF-polh and BmNPV-D4ORF-VP3-polh recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedroviruses (BmNPVs), belonging to the family Baculoviridae, and co-expressing BmCPV polyhedrin and H1-D4ORF or D4ORF-VP3, were constructed. H1-D4ORF and D4ORF-VP3 fusion proteins were confirmed to be encapsulated into recombinant cytoplasmic polyhedra by Western blotting. Degradation of vaccine proteins was assessed by SDS-PAGE, and the results showed that the encapsulated vaccine proteins in polyhedra could be protected from degradation. Furthermore, when gibel carp were vaccinated with the purified polyhedra from BmNPV-H1-D4ORF-polh and BmNPV-D4ORF-VP3-polh via injection, the antibody titers in the serum of the vaccinated fish reached 1:6400–1:12,800 at 3 weeks post-vaccination. Therelative percentage of survival of immunized gibel carp reached 64.71% and 58.82%, respectively, following challenge with CyHV-2. These results suggest that incorporating vaccine protein into BmCPV polyhedra may be a novel approach for developing aquaculture microencapsulated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Yuchao Gu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Dafeng District Aquaculture Technical Extension Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng 224100, China;
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
| | - Ping Fang
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yongjie Feng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing 210036, China; (X.L.); (R.Y.); (P.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (T.Z.); (Y.G.); (Y.D.); (Y.F.); (G.C.); (R.X.)
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (C.G.)
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16
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Muñoz-Atienza E, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Systemic and Mucosal B and T Cell Responses Upon Mucosal Vaccination of Teleost Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622377. [PMID: 33664735 PMCID: PMC7921309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of mucosal vaccines against pathogens is currently a highly explored area of research in both humans and animals. This is due to the fact that mucosal vaccines have the potential to best elicit protective responses at these mucosal surfaces, which represent the frontline of host defense, thus blocking the pathogen at its initial replication sites. However, in order to provide an efficient long-lasting protection, these mucosal vaccines have to be capable of eliciting an adequate systemic immune response in addition to local responses. In aquaculture, the need for mucosal vaccines has further practical implications, as these vaccines would avoid the individual manipulation of fish out of the water, being beneficial from both an economic and animal welfare point of view. However, how B and T cells are organized in teleost fish within these mucosal sites and how they respond to mucosally delivered antigens varies greatly when compared to mammals. For this reason, it is important to establish which mucosally delivered antigens have the capacity to induce strong and long-lasting B and T cell responses. Hence, in this review, we have summarized what is currently known regarding the adaptive immune mechanisms that are induced both locally and systemically in fish after mucosal immunization through different routes of administration including oral and nasal vaccination, anal intubation and immersion vaccination. Finally, based on the data presented, we discuss how mucosal vaccination strategies could be improved to reach significant protection levels in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Jia S, Huang X, Li H, Zheng D, Wang L, Qiao X, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L, Li Y, Xu Y. Immunogenicity evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus casei W56 expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus E2 protein in conjunction with cholera toxin B subunit as an adjuvant. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:186. [PMID: 33004035 PMCID: PMC7527787 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the main causes of infectious diseases in cattle and causes large financial losses to the cattle industry worldwide. In this study, Lactobacillus casei strain W56 (Lc W56) was used as antigen deliver carrier to construct a recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine pPG-E2-ctxB/Lc W56 constitutively expressing BVDV E2 protein fused with cholera toxin B subunit (ctxB) as an adjuvant, and its immunogenicity against BVDV infection in mice model by oral route was explored. RESULTS Our results suggested that pPG-E2-ctxB/Lc W56 can effectively activate dendritic cells (DCs) in the Peyer's patches, up-regulate the expression of Bcl-6, and promote T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells differentiation, as well as enhance B lymphocyte proliferation and promote them differentiate into specific IgA-secreting plasma cells, secreting anti-E2 mucosal sIgA antibody with BVDV-neutralizing activity. Moreover, significant levels (p < 0.01) of BVDV-neutralizing antigen-specific serum antibodies were induced in the pPG-E2-ctxB/LC W56 group post-vaccination. The recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine can induce cellular immune responses, and significant levels (p < 0.01) of Th1-associated cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), Th2-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) and Th17-associated cytokine (IL-17) were determined in the serum of vaccinated mice. Significantly, the recombinant Lactobacillus vaccine provides immune protection against BVDV infection, which can be cleared effectively by the vaccine post-challenge in orally vaccinated animals. CONCLUSIONS The genetically engineered Lactobacillus vaccine constructed in this study is immunogenic in mice and can induce mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses, providing effective anti-BVDV immune protection. It thus represents a promising strategy for vaccine development against BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinning Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Dianzhong Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China.,Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China. .,Northeast Science Inspection Station, Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Harbin, P. R. China.
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18
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Jia S, Zhou K, Pan R, Wei J, Liu Z, Xu Y. Oral immunization of carps with chitosan-alginate microcapsule containing probiotic expressing spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) G protein provides effective protection against SVCV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:327-329. [PMID: 32721570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp (SVC) is highly contagious and lethal disease in cyprinid fish, in particular common carps (Cyprinus carpio), causing numerous economic losses to the aquaculture industry. SVC is presently endemic disease in Europe, America, and several countries in Asia and its causative agent is spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In this study, a chitosan-alginate microcapsule probiotic vaccine expressing G protein of SVCV was prepared, and the immunogenicity in carps of orally administrated with the microcapsule probiotic vaccine was evaluated. Our results showed that the microcapsule probiotic vaccine can induce potent antigen-specific immune responses in carps via oral vaccination, and provide effective anti-SVCV protection for carps. Significantly, the microcapsule probiotic vaccine is suitable for mass fish immunization, suggesting a promising vaccine strategy for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronghui Pan
- Jilin Province Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Technology Center of Harbin Customs, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongmei Liu
- Technology Center of Harbin Customs, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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19
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Naderi-Samani M, Soltani M, Dadar M, Taheri-Mirghaed A, Zargar A, Ahmadivand S, Hassanzadeh R, Goudarzi LM. Oral immunization of trout fry with recombinant Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 expressing G gene of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:62-70. [PMID: 32645516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study has investigated the ability of Lactococcus lactic (NZ3900) carried G gene of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) under nisin-controlled gene expression (NICE) system in rainbow trout (O.Mykiss). Two groups of trout fry (7 ± 0.65 g) were immunized with 1 × 1010 cfu/g and 1 × 108 cfu/g recombinant L. lactis NZ3900, two groups of fish were fed 1 × 1010 cfu/g and 1 × 108 cfu/g L. lactis vector free, and one group was fed by the basal diet as a control. Oral immunization was done on days 1-7 and boosting was performed on days 15-21. The relative expression of IFN-1 and MX-1 genes significantly increased in head kidney of vaccinated fish depend on vaccine dosage compared to the control group. Fish in vaccinated group also showed elevated VHSV-specific antibody levels compared to the control groups. Relative percent survival (RPS), under virulent isolate VHSV challenge were estimated 62%, 78% for 108 cfu/g 1010 cfu/g feed vaccinated groups 21 days post-vaccination, while groups fed similar doses of L. lactis vector free illustrated 22% and 27% RPSs, respectively. The significant reduction of viral loads (transcript levels of N gene) were detected in the immunized groups. Increased weight gain and decreased feed consumption in vaccinated group attributed to the probiotic effect were also observed. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the ability of recombinant L. lactis as oral vaccine against VHS in rainbow trout, which can be considered as effective method against different fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Naderi-Samani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Taheri-Mirghaed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Zargar
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Ahmadivand
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hassanzadeh
- Iranian Veterinary Organization, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
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McDermott C, Palmeiro B. Updates on Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Ornamental Fish. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 23:413-428. [PMID: 32327045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases of ornamental fish are discussed with special focus on clinical relevance, detection, and treatment, where applicable. Important emerging infectious diseases of fish include goldfish herpesvirus, koi herpesvirus, carp edema virus, Erysipelothrix, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Edwardseilla piscicida, and Francisella. Some diseases are more species or genus specific, but many emerging diseases do not seem to have a species preference and affect a variety of species worldwide. Proper husbandry and biosecurity with a disease detection plan for ornamental fish is essential to monitor and prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin McDermott
- Zodiac Pet and Exotic Hospital, Victoria Centre, Shop 101A, 1/F, 15 Watson Road, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong.
| | - Brian Palmeiro
- Lehigh Valley Veterinary Dermatology & Fish Hospital, Pet Fish Doctor, 4580 Crackersport Road, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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21
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Zhang C, Guo S, Zhao Z, Guo ZR, Ma R, Wang GX, Zhu B. Surface display of spring viremia of carp virus glycoprotein on Lactococcus lactis and its protection efficacy in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:262-268. [PMID: 32534229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes devastating disease in aquaculture, resulting in significant economic impact. To develop an effective means against SVCV infection, a Lactococcus lactis (L.lactis) based subunit vaccine (pNZ-UGA) was developed based on surface displaying of SVCV glycoprotein using anchoring motif of the cA (C terminus of the peptidoglyvsn-binding) domains of AcmA, a major autolysin from L.lactis. The surface expression of SVCV glycoprotein was verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The efficacy of the constructed vaccine was further evaluated in common carp. The results showed that the higher levels of specific IgM could be detected in fish vaccinated with pNZ-UGA, compared with that in PBS and L.lactis groups. Immune-related genes including TNF-α, IL-6b, IL-1β, Cxcr 1, Cxca, IFNg2b, I-IFN, and IgM expression in pNZ-UGA group were strongly up-regulated, revealing that robust innate immune response was induced. Notably, the lowest cumulative mortality (13.46%) was observed in fish vaccinated with pNZ-UGA vaccine after SVCV challenge, whereas the cumulative mortality were 100.00% and 92.31% in PBS and L.lactis groups, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of the recombinant L.lactis with surface displaying antigen proteins as effective vaccines against SVCV and other fish virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zi-Rao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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22
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Ma Y, Liu Z, Hao L, Wu J, Qin B, Liang Z, Ma J, Ke H, Yang H, Li Y, Cao J. Oral vaccination using Artemia coated with recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing cyprinid herpesvirus-3 envelope antigen induces protective immunity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:184-192. [PMID: 32199177 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the etiological agent of koi herpersvirus disease (KHVD), which causes serious economic losses in global common carp and ornamental koi carp production of larvae as well as adult type fish. To control KHVD, vaccines against CyHV-3 utilizing different immunization routes have been developed, among them, oral vaccination is the most desirable method to prevent fish diseases occurring at the early larval stage. Here, we developed an oral subunit vaccine through the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface display of CyHV-3 envelope protein pORF65, then, the recombinant yeast fed to Artemia which served as bio-encapsulation vector by subsequently feeding the common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) larvae. The fluorescent observation showed that the Artemia and S. cerevisiae could deliver intact antigen to the hindgut of carp larvae suggesting the possibility of the vector for oral immunization. On this basis, after three immunizations at a week interval, the oral vaccine induced high level of specific anti-pORF65 antibody. Meanwhile, a significant difference of immune-related genes expression occurred including cxca, IL-1β, IFN-a1, lysozyme, IgM and CD8α between vaccined group and blank control group. In addition, 30% of relative percent survival of carp larvae after immunization was obtained post the animal infection assay, offered an certain immune protection. Our results indicated that the oral pORF65 subunit vaccine bioencapsulated in Artemia induced the activation of immune response and high level of antibodies, which could be served as an oral vaccine candidate for the prevention of CyHV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baotian Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiling Liang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiangyao Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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23
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Liu Z, Wu J, Ma Y, Hao L, Liang Z, Ma J, Ke H, Li Y, Cao J. Protective immunity against CyHV-3 infection via different prime-boost vaccination regimens using CyHV-3 ORF131-based DNA/protein subunit vaccines in carp Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:342-353. [PMID: 31978531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as Koi Herpesvirus (KHV), causes Koi Herpesvirus Disease (KHVD) which leads to serious economic losses worldwide. To exploit DNA/subunit vaccine candidates, CyHV-3 ORF131 gene and cDNA was cloned and analyzed in the present study. Major B cell epitopes of deduced CyHV-3 pORF131 was also predicted. Then the complete CDS of CyHV-3 ORF131 was inserted into pEGFP-N1 vector and a modified pYD1/EBY100 system to construct the DNA and subunit vaccine, respectively. Subsequently, carp were immunized with homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens relying on the constructed DNA and oral subunit vaccines. Then the protective immunity generated from different vaccines and regimens as well as the capacity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as an oral vaccine vehicle was evaluated. Our study confirmed that CyHV-3 ORF131 gene consisted of 2 introns and 3 exons encoding a 428 amino acids peptide. Further analysis indicated that four fragments of CyHV-3 pORF131 contained the major B cell epitopes (Cys20~Val140, Ser169~Tyr245, Thr258~Pro390, Phe414~Gln428), which could be linked and expressed in E. coli (BL21) as a truncated pORF131. The expression of full-length CyHV-3 pORF131 by pEGFP-N1 and yeast surface display was verified by In vitro assays before vaccination. Immunization of carp with CyHV-3 ORF131 DNA and subunit vaccines could evoke the activation of immune-related genes such as CXCa, CXCR1, IL-1β, TNF-α, INF-a1, Mx-1, IgM, IgT1 and production of specific serum IgM measured by ELISA. RPS (relative percent of survival) ranging from 53.33% to 66.67% was acquired post challenge test. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis illustrated the delivery of surface-displayed CyHV-3 pORF131 to midgut after oral gavage. Thus, our findings suggest that CyHV-3 ORF131 can serve as DNA/subunit vaccines candidate and the yeast as an ideal oral vaccine vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Le Hao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiling Liang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiangyao Ma
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PRC, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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24
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Hu F, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang G, Zhu B, Wang Y, Zeng W, Yin J, Liu C, Bergmann SM, Shi C. Carbon nanotube-based DNA vaccine against koi herpesvirus given by intramuscular injection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:810-818. [PMID: 31743761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) also named Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is one of the most threatening pathogens affecting common carp production as well as the valued ornamental koi carp. The current commercial vaccines available are costly and potentially cause severe stress caused by live virus. KHV ORF149 gene has been proved encoding one of the main immunogenic proteins for KHV. In this study, we coupled a plasmid expression vector for ORF149 to single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for an anti-KHV vaccine. The vaccine conferred an 81.9% protection against intraperitoneal challenge with KHV. Importantly, SWCNTs as a promising vehicle can enhanced the protective effects 33.9% over that of the naked DNA vaccine at the same dose. The protection was longer and serum antibody production, enzyme activities and immune-related gene expression were all induced in fish vaccinated with the nanotube-DNA vaccine compared with the DNA alone. Thereby, this study demonstrates that the ORF149 DNA vaccine loaded onto SWCNTs as a novel vaccine might provide an effective method of coping with KHV disease using intra-muscular vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- German Reference Laboratory for KHVD, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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25
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Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Casei Expressing Flagellin A Protein Confers Effective Protection against Aeromonas Veronii in Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010033. [PMID: 31861650 PMCID: PMC6981697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen capable of infecting humans, livestock and aquatic animals, resulting in serious economic losses. In this study, two recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing flagellin A (FlaA) of A. veronii, Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (surface-displayed) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (secretory) were constructed. The immune responses in fish administered with recombinant L. casei were evaluated. The two recombinant L. casei were orally administered to common carp, which stimulated high serum IgM and induced higher ACP, AKP, SOD and LYZ activity. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the tissue of fish immunized with recombinant L. casei was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, which indicated that recombinant L. casei could activate the innate immune system to trigger the cell immune response and inflammatory response. Furthermore, recombinant L. casei was able to survive the intestinal environment and colonize in intestine mucosal. The study showed that after being challenged by A. veronii, fish administered with Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (70%) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (50%) had higher survival rates compared to Lc-pPG and PBS, indicating that recombinant L. casei might prevent A. veronii infection by activating the immune system to trigger immune responses. We demonstrated that flagellin as an antigen of vaccine, is acceptable for preventing A. veronii infection in fish. The recombinant L. casei expressing FlaA may be a novel mucosal vaccine for treating and controlling A. veronii.
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Zhang C, Zheng YY, Gong YM, Zhao Z, Guo ZR, Jia YJ, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation of immune response and protection against spring viremia of carp virus induced by a single-walled carbon nanotubes-based immersion DNA vaccine. Virology 2019; 537:216-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhu B, Zhang C, Yang B, Guo ZR, Zheng YY, Gong YM, Wang GX. Preliminary screening and immunogenicity analysis of antigenic epitopes of spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:833-841. [PMID: 31580936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (G) is the most common gene used in SVCV vaccine constructions. To identify the major immunogenicity determinant region of SVCV G gene, herein we truncated G gene to 4 parts (G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4). Bioinformatics and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to identify the antigenicity of these 4 truncated G proteins. Immunological assays (serum antibody production, enzyme activity, immune genes expression and challenge test) were carried out to further identify the immunogenicity of the screened G protein in common carp. Moreover, to further verify the immune response of the screened G protein-based subunit vaccine, its protective effects on common carp against SVCV infection using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a carrier were evaluated. Results showed that G-3 protein could induce higher antibody titer than other truncated G proteins. Furthermore, carps vaccinated with G-3 and G (positive control) showed significant enhancement of immune response (serum antibody production, enzyme activity and immune related genes expression) when compared with control groups. Meanwhile, as a promising vaccine carrier, SWCNTs could significantly enhance the immune effect of naked subunit vaccine (G-3 and G). Notably, after SVCV challenge, there was no significant difference in immune protection between G-3 and G, nor between SWCNTs-G-3 and SWCNTs-G. These results so far suggest G-3 might be the potential antigen epitope of SVCV. This study lays a foundation for developing vaccine and immunodiagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ben Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zi-Rao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Ming Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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28
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Boutier M, Gao Y, Donohoe O, Vanderplasschen A. Current knowledge and future prospects of vaccines against cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:531-541. [PMID: 31369858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the world's most important and fastest growing food production sectors, with an average annual growth of 5.8% during the period 2001-2016. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main aquatic species produced for human consumption and is the world's third most produced finfish. Koi carp, on the other hand, are grown as a popular ornamental fish. In the late 1990s, both of these sectors were threatened by the emergence of a deadly disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3; initially called koi herpesvirus or KHV). Since then, several research groups have focused their work on developing methods to fight this disease. Despite increasing knowledge about the pathobiology of this virus, there are currently no efficient and cost-effective therapeutic methods available to fight this disease. Facing the lack of efficient treatments, safe and efficacious prophylactic methods such as the use of vaccines represent the most promising approach to the control of this virus. The common carp production sector is not a heavily industrialized production sector and the fish produced have low individual value. Therefore, development of vaccine methods adapted to mass vaccination are more suitable. Multiple vaccine candidates against CyHV-3 have been developed and studied, including DNA, bacterial vector, inactivated, conventional attenuated and recombinant attenuated vaccines. However, there is currently only one vaccine commercially available in limited regions. The present review aims to summarize and evaluate the knowledge acquired from the study of these vaccines against CyHV-3 and provide discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boutier
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Owen Donohoe
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Co Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Department of Parasitic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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29
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Zhao Z, Zhang C, Jia YJ, Qiu DK, Lin Q, Li NQ, Huang ZB, Fu XZ, Wang GX, Zhu B. Immersion vaccination of Mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi against infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus with a SWCNTs-based subunit vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:133-140. [PMID: 31173860 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) cause a high mortality disease which lead to significant economic loss on mandarin fish in China. There is no effective drug or vaccine against this fatal disease at present. Meanwhile, many drugs and vaccines had no effect in many cases account of several impenetrable barriers (cell, skin and gastrointestinal tract). Here we reported an immersion subunit vaccine system (SWCNTs-MCP) encoding MCP gene of ISKNV based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). To evaluate its efficacy against ISKNV, we found a stronger and longer duration immune response (serum antibody production, enzyme activities and immune-related genes expression) can be induced in fish vaccinated with SWCNTs-MCP in comparison with those vaccinated with MCP alone. Importantly, SWCNTs can increase the immune protective effect of naked subunit vaccine by ca. 23.8%. Thereby, this study demonstrates that SWCNTs as a promising carrier for subunit vaccine might be used to vaccinate large-scale juvenile mandarin fish by bath administration approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi-Jun Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - De-Kui Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic, China
| | - Ning-Qiu Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic, China
| | - Xiao-Zhe Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Li K, Yuan R, Zhang M, Zhang T, Gu Y, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Fang P, Feng Y, Hu X, Cao G, Xue R, Chen H, Gong C. Recombinant baculovirus BacCarassius-D4ORFs has potential as a live vector vaccine against CyHV-2. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:101-110. [PMID: 31163296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV-2) is highly contagious and pathogenic to Carassius auratus gibelio (gibel carp), causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture in Yancheng city, Jiangsu province, China; however, to date, there is no effective way to protect C. auratus gibelio from CyHV-2 infection. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus vector vaccine, BacCarassius-D4ORFs, containing a fused codon-optimized sequence D4ORFs comprising the ORF72 (region 1-186 nt), ORF66 (region 993-1197 nt), ORF81 (region 603-783 nt) and ORF82 (region 85-186 nt) genes of CyHV-2, driven by a Megalobrama amblycephala β-actin promoter, was constructed. Then, qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays showed that the fused gene D4ORFs was successfully delivered and expressed in fish cells or tissues by transduction with BacCarassius-D4ORFs. The fused gene D4ORFs could not be detected by PCR in the C. auratus gibelio injected with BacCarassius-D4ORFs after 7 weeks. Specific antibody against ORF72 could be detected in the serum of vaccinated C. auratus gibelio by injection with BacCarassius-D4ORFs. Furthermore, when C. auratus gibelio were vaccinated with BacCarassius-D4ORFs via the oral or injection route, followed by challenge with CyHV-2, the relative survival rate of immunized C. auratus gibelio reached 59.3% and 80.01%, respectively. These results suggested that BacCarassius-D4ORFs has the potential to be used as a vector-based vaccine for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by CyHV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- (b)Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Mingtian Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Dafeng District Aquaculture Technical Extension Station of Yancheng city, Yancheng, 224100, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ping Fang
- (b)Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yongjie Feng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui Chen
- (b)Jiangsu Center for Control and Prevention of Aquatic Animal Infectious Disease, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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31
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Shen YF, Hu Y, Zhu B, Wang GX. Antiviral activity of anisomycin against spring viraemia of carp virus in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells and zebrafish. Virus Res 2019; 268:38-44. [PMID: 31136824 PMCID: PMC7114655 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anisomycin caused profound inhibition of SVCV replication in EPC cells. Anisomycin blocked morphological cell damage caused by SVCV replication. Anisomycin suppressed SVCV replication in vivo, resulting in a prolonged survival of infected zebrafish.
Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) caused by spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) is an acute and highly lethal viral disease of cyprinid fish. However, effective therapy for SVC is still scarce until now. Here we evaluated the inhibition of anisomycin (Ani), a metabolite produced by Streptomyces griseolus, on the replication of SVCV in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that Ani could suppress SVCV replication with the maximum inhibitory rate > 95% in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. And the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Ani on SVCV glycoprotein (G), nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein mRNA expressions were 21.79, 13.13 and 12.24 nM, respectively. Besides, Ani decreased SVCV-induced cytopathic effects and nucleus damages. As expected, Ani also showed a strong anti-SVCV activity in vivo, as indicated by inhibiting viral gene expression and increasing the survival rate of zebrafish. Intraperitoneal injection of Ani increased the survival rate of zebrafish by 30% and markedly inhibited the expressions of G and N mRNA by > 60% in kidney and spleen at day 1 and day 4 post-infection. Results so far suggest that Ani as a powerful agent against SVCV can be applied to the control of SVC in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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32
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Liu G, Wang C, Wang H, Zhu L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Pei C, Liu L. Antiviral efficiency of a coumarin derivative on spring viremia of carp virus in vivo. Virus Res 2019; 268:11-17. [PMID: 31095989 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) in aquaculture is challenging because there are few preventative measures and/or treatments. The previous study demonstrated that an antiviral coumarin derivative, 7-(4-(4-methyl-imidazole))-coumarin (C2), inhibits spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection by targeting Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in fish cells. Thus, we hypothesized whether C2 may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for controlling SVCV infection in aquaculture. In this study, SVCV infectivity was significantly inhibited in vitro in a dose-dependent manner by preincubation with C2. C2 was verified against SVCV in zebrafish, in which the mortality and viral titer in fish body were decreased. Like other coumarins, C2 was stable with a prolonged inhibitory half-life (3.5 days) at 15 °C in the early stage of SVCV infection. The results show that horizontal transmission of SVCV was reduced by C2 in a static cohabitation challenge model, especially for recipient fish in injection treatment, which suggested that C2 may be suitable as a possible therapeutic agent for SVCV in aquaculture. Overall, this study provides the new insight that a small molecule antiviral drug can be used to control rhabdovirus infection in fish aquacultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China.
| | - Chunjie Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Chaoyu Pei
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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33
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Fu J, Yi Z, Cui H, Song C, Yu M, Liu Y. Intein-mediated expression and purification of common carp IFN-γ and its protective effect against spring viremia of carp virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:403-406. [PMID: 30862516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IFN-γ is a pleiotropic cytokine with significant roles in antiviral, antitumor and immune regulation. It could be used as an immuno-enhancer to improve fish protectiveness against pathogens. In this study, the prokaryotic expression plasmid pTwin1-N-IFN-γ was constructed to express Cyprinus carpio (common carp) IFN-γ fused with a chitin binding domain (CBD) and a self-cleavable intein-tag, Synechocystis sp DnaB. The recombinant protein CBD-DnaB-IFN-γ with the molecular weight of 44.25 kD was successfully expressed in soluble form, and the rIFN-γ (approximate 18.61 kD) was further cleaved and eluted under pH = 7.0 at 25 °C. rIFN-γ could be recognized by western blotting with rabbit anti-grass carp IFN-γ polyclonal antibody. Cytotoxicity studies on EPC cells showed that only 500 ng/ml rIFN-γ had a subtle effect on cells growth and its proliferation rate was reduced to 76.2%. EPC cells incubated with 100 ng/ml rIFN-γ showed significantly higher resistance against SVCV, reducing the TCID50/ml by more than 800-fold. In vivo studies suggested that intraperitoneal injection of rIFN-γ significantly improved the survival rate of common carps compared with SVCV challenge alone. These results implied that rIFN-γ would act as an immuno-enhancer in carp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Fu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Hao Cui
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Miao Yu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330022, China.
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Liu M, Lu X, Khan A, Ling Z, Wang P, Tang Y, Liu P, Li X. Reducing methylmercury accumulation in fish using Escherichia coli with surface-displayed methylmercury-binding peptides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:35-42. [PMID: 30594015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seafood consumption is widely considered as the primary route for human exposure to the neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) that is produced by certain anaerobic microorganisms and can bioaccumulate to high concentration levels in natural aquatic food webs. In this study, a novel methylmercury-binding peptide with seven amino acids was displayed on the cell surfaces of Escherichia coli strain W-1, which was isolated from fish feces and fused with ice nucleation protein. These cells exhibited high affinity and selectivity toward methylmercury. They efficiently removed more than 96% of 12 μM methylmercury, and accumulation of methylmercury in the engineered strain was four times higher than that in the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed methylmercury accumulation on cell membranes. Carassius auratus was fed by engineered bacteria, which showed a decrease in methylmercury concentration in muscles of about 36.3 ± 0.7%; whereas an increase in methylmercury concentration was observed in the feces (36.7 ± 0.8%) in comparison to the control group. The engineered strain in the gut captured methylmercury and prevented it's absorption by muscles, while some bacteria with methylmercury were excreted in the feces. The surface-engineered E. coli effectively protected fish from methylmercury contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Aman Khan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Key laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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35
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Embregts CWE, Rigaudeau D, Tacchi L, Pijlman GP, Kampers L, Veselý T, Pokorová D, Boudinot P, Wiegertjes GF, Forlenza M. Vaccination of carp against SVCV with an oral DNA vaccine or an insect cells-based subunit vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 85:66-77. [PMID: 29567136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported on a successful vaccine for carp against SVCV based on the intramuscular injection of a DNA plasmid encoding the SVCV glycoprotein (SVCV-G). This shows that the intramuscular (i.m.) route of vaccination is suitable to trigger protective responses against SVCV, and that the SVCV G-protein is a suitable vaccine antigen. Yet, despite the general success of DNA vaccines, especially against fish rhabdoviruses, their practical implementation still faces legislative as well as consumer's acceptance concerns. Furthermore, the i.m. route of plasmid administration is not easily combined with most of the current vaccination regimes largely based on intraperitoneal or immersion vaccination. For this reason, in the current study we evaluated possible alternatives to a DNA-based i.m. injectable vaccine using the SVCV-G protein as the vaccine antigen. To this end, we tested two parallel approaches: the first based on the optimization of an alginate encapsulation method for oral delivery of DNA and protein antigens; the second based on the baculovirus recombinant expression of transmembrane SVCV-G protein in insect cells, administered as whole-cell subunit vaccine through the oral and injection route. In addition, in the case of the oral DNA vaccine, we also investigated the potential benefits of the mucosal adjuvants Escherichia coli lymphotoxin subunit B (LTB). Despite the use of various vaccine types, doses, regimes, and administration routes, no protection was observed, contrary to the full protection obtained with our reference i.m. DNA vaccine. The limited protection observed under the various conditions used in this study, the nature of the host, of the pathogen, the type of vaccine and encapsulation method, will therefore be discussed in details to provide an outlook for future vaccination strategies against SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - D Rigaudeau
- INRA, Infectiologie Expérimentale Rongeurs Poissons, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Tacchi
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - G P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - L Kampers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - T Veselý
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Pokorová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - M Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Embregts CWE, Tadmor-Levi R, Veselý T, Pokorová D, David L, Wiegertjes GF, Forlenza M. Intra-muscular and oral vaccination using a Koi Herpesvirus ORF25 DNA vaccine does not confer protection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 85:90-98. [PMID: 29567141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Koi Herpes Virus (KHV or Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3, CyHV-3) is among the most threatening pathogens affecting common carp production as well as the highly valuable ornamental koi carp. To date, no effective commercial vaccine is available for worldwide use. A previous study reported that three intramuscular injections with an ORF25-based DNA vaccine, led to the generation of neutralizing antibodies and conferred significant protection against an intraperitoneal challenge with KHV. In the present study, we set out to optimize an ORF25-based DNA vaccination protocol that required fewer injections and would confer protection upon a challenge that better resembled the natural route of infection. To this end, ORF25 was cloned in pcDNA3 either as a soluble protein or as a full-length transmembrane GFP-fusion protein. We tested our ORF25-based DNA vaccines in multiple vaccination trials using different doses, vaccination routes (i.m. injection and oral gavage) and challenge methods (bath and cohabitation). Furthermore, we analysed local and systemic responses to the i.m. injected DNA vaccine through histological and RT-qPCR analysis. We observed a strong protection when fish received three injections of either of the two DNA vaccines. However, this protection was observed only after bath challenge and not after cohabitation challenge. Furthermore, protection was insufficient when fish received one injection only, or received the plasmid orally. The importance of choosing a challenge model that best reflects the natural route of infection and the possibility to include additional antigens in future DNA vaccination strategies against KHV will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roni Tadmor-Levi
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomáš Veselý
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lior David
- Department of Animal Sciences, RH Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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37
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Schröder L, Klafack S, Bergmann SM, Lee PYA, Franzke K, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Fuchs W. Characterization of gene deletion mutants of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (koi herpesvirus) lacking the immunogenic envelope glycoproteins pORF25, pORF65, pORF148 and pORF149. Virus Res 2018; 261:21-30. [PMID: 30543872 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) or koi herpesvirus is a global pathogen causing mass mortality in koi and common carp, against which improved vaccines are urgently needed. In this study we investigated the role of four nonessential, but immunogenic envelope glycoproteins encoded by members of the ORF25 gene family (ORF25, ORF65, ORF148 and ORF149) during CyHV-3 replication. Single deletion of ORF65 did not affect in vitro replication, and deletion of ORF148 even slightly enhanced virus growth on common carp brain (CCB) cells. Deletions of ORF25 or ORF149 led to reduced plaque sizes and virus titers, which was due to delayed entry into host cells. An ORF148/ORF149 double deletion mutant exhibited wild-type like growth indicating opposing functions of the two proteins. Electron microscopy of CCB cells infected with either mutant did not indicate any effects on virion formation and maturation in nucleus or cytoplasm, nor on release of enveloped particles. The ORF148, ORF149 and double deletion mutants were also tested in animal experiments using juvenile carp, and proved to be insufficiently attenuated for use as live virus vaccines. However, surviving fish were protected against challenge with wild-type CyHV-3, demonstrating that these antibody inducing proteins are dispensable for an efficient immune response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandro Klafack
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Höper
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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38
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Su H, Su J. Cyprinid viral diseases and vaccine development. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:84-95. [PMID: 30195914 PMCID: PMC7118463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, global freshwater fish production has been rapidly growing, while cyprinid takes the largest portion. Along with the rapid rise of novel forms of intensive aquaculture, increased global aquatic animal movement and various anthropogenic stress to aquatic ecosystems during the past century, freshwater fish farming industry encounter the emergence and breakout of many diseases, especially viral diseases. Because of the ability to safely and effectively prevent aquaculture diseases, vaccines have become the mainstream technology for prevention and control of aquatic diseases in the world. In this review, authors summarized six major cyprinid viral diseases, including koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD), spring viraemia of carp (SVC), grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD), koi sleepy disease (KSD), carp pox disease (CPD) and herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (HPHN). The present review described the characteristics of these diseases from epidemiology, pathology, etiology and diagnostics. Furthermore, the development of specific vaccines respective to these diseases is stated according to preparation methods and immunization approaches. It is hoped that the review could contribute to aquaculture in prevention and controlling of cyprinid viral diseases, and serve the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Zhang C, Li LH, Wang J, Zhao Z, Li J, Tu X, Huang AG, Wang GX, Zhu B. Enhanced protective immunity against spring viremia of carp virus infection can be induced by recombinant subunit vaccine conjugated to single-walled carbon nanotubes. Vaccine 2018; 36:6334-6344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Schröder L, Klafack S, Bergmann SM, Fichtner D, Jin Y, Lee PY, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Fuchs W. Generation of a potential koi herpesvirus live vaccine by simultaneous deletion of the viral thymidine kinase and dUTPase genes. J Gen Virol 2018; 100:642-655. [PMID: 30230443 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV, Cyprinidherpesvirus 3) causes a fatal disease of koi and common carp. To obtain safe and efficacious live vaccines, we generated deletion mutants of KHV lacking the nonessential genes encoding two enzymes of nucleotide metabolism, thymidine kinase (TK, ORF55) and deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (DUT, ORF123). Since single-deletion mutants based on a KHV isolate from Israel (KHV-I) only exhibited partial attenuation (Fuchs W, Fichtner D, Bergmann SM, Mettenleiter TC. Arch Virol 2011;156 : 1059-1063), a corresponding double mutant was generated and tested in vivo, and shown to be almost avirulent but still protective. To overcome the low in vitro virus titres of KHV-I (≤105 p.f.u. ml-1), single and double TK and DUT deletions were also introduced into a cell culture-adapted KHV strain from Taiwan (KHV-T). The deletions did not affect in vitro virus replication, and all KHV-T mutants exhibited wild-type-like plaque sizes and titres exceeding 107 p.f.u. ml-1, as a prerequisite for economic vaccine production. Compared to wild-type and revertant viruses, the single-deletion mutants of KHV-T were significantly attenuated in vivo, and immersion of juvenile carp in water containing high doses of the double mutant caused almost no fatalities. Nevertheless, the deletion mutants induced similar levels of KHV-specific serum antibodies to the parental wild-type virus, and conferred solid protection against disease after challenge with wild-type KHV. For the convenient differentiation of DNA samples prepared from gill swabs of carp infected with wild-type and TK-deleted KHV we developed a triplex real-time PCR. Thus, KHV-TΔDUT/TK might be suitable as a genetic DIVA vaccine in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schröder
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandro Klafack
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dieter Fichtner
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yeonhwa Jin
- 2Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pei-Yu Lee
- 3GeneReach Biotechnology Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dirk Höper
- 4Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Walter Fuchs
- 1Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Liu L, Gao S, Luan W, Zhou J, Wang H. Generation and functional evaluation of a DNA vaccine co-expressing Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 envelope protein and carp interleukin-1 beta. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:223-231. [PMID: 29886142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) infection in carp causes a fatal and highly contagious disease that results in huge economic losses in common and koi carp aquaculture worldwide. Thus the development of an effective vaccine to protect carp stocks against the CyHV3 virus is imperative. In this study, we immunized common carps with a DNA vaccine consisting of a plasmid that co-expresses the CyHV-3 envelope protein ORF25 and the carp IL-1β gene in order to evaluate the adjuvant potential of IL-1β. Our result shows that antibodies specific to ORF25 can be detected as early as one week after intramuscular injection of the DNA vaccine at low dosage. Moreover, the co-expression of IL-1β can enhance the potency of the vaccine, as demonstrated by a higher antibody level after the third immunizations. Importantly, the DNA vaccine reduced mortality in carps when they were immunized prior to a CyHV-3 challenge, as compared to negative control groups. However, despite being able to induce higher neutralizing antibody titres, the co-expression of IL-1β in the DNA vaccine did not significantly improve the overall survival of immunized fish following virus challenge. Furthermore, the DNA vaccine can protect carps from tissue damage and histopathological alteration caused by viral infection. These strongly suggests that the vaccine can efficiently elicit protective immunity against CyHV-3 infection. In conclusion, the DNA vaccine formulated with the pIRES-ORF25-IL-1β DNA construct can protect carp against CyHV-3 infection and has potential applicability in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Liaoyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaoyuan, 136200, China
| | - Weimin Luan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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LeCureux JS, Dean GA. Lactobacillus Mucosal Vaccine Vectors: Immune Responses against Bacterial and Viral Antigens. mSphere 2018; 3:e00061-18. [PMID: 29769376 PMCID: PMC5956152 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00061-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been utilized since the 1990s for therapeutic heterologous gene expression. The ability of LAB to elicit an immune response against expressed foreign antigens has led to their exploration as potential mucosal vaccine candidates. LAB vaccine vectors offer many attractive advantages: simple, noninvasive administration (usually oral or intranasal), the acceptance and stability of genetic modifications, relatively low cost, and the highest level of safety possible. Experimentation using LAB of the genus Lactobacillus has become popular in recent years due to their ability to elicit strong systemic and mucosal immune responses. This article reviews Lactobacillus vaccine constructs, including Lactobacillus species, antigen expression, model organisms, and in vivo immune responses, with a primary focus on viral and bacterial antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S LeCureux
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Evangel University, Springfield, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Yang WT, Yang GL, Zhao L, Jin YB, Jiang YL, Huang HB, Shi CW, Wang JZ, Wang G, Kang YH, Wang CF. Lactobacillus plantarum displaying conserved M2e and HA2 fusion antigens induces protection against influenza virus challenge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5077-5088. [PMID: 29675804 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) can infect poultry, mammals, and other hosts and causes enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. In this study, to develop a novel and potent oral vaccine based on Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) for controlling the spread of AIV in the poultry industry, we constructed a recombinant L. plantarum strain displaying the 3M2e-HA2 protein of the influenza virus and determined the effect of N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 against AIV in chicks. We first confirmed that the 3M2e-HA2 fusion protein was expressed on the surface of L. plantarum via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence experiments. Our experimental results demonstrated that chicks immunized with N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 could induce specific humoral, mucosal, and T cell-mediated immune responses, eliciting the host body to protect itself against AIV. Additionally, compared to oral administration, the intranasal immunization of chicks with N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 provided a stronger immune response, resulting in a potent protective effect that hindered the loss of body weight, decreasing pulmonary virus titers and reducing lung and throat pathological damages. Thus, our results indicate that our novel approach is an effective method of vaccine design to promote mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Bei Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Shen YF, Liu L, Chen WC, Hu Y, Zhu B, Wang GX. Evaluation on the antiviral activity of arctigenin against spring viraemia of carp virus. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 483:252-262. [PMID: 32287458 PMCID: PMC7126542 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) causes high morality in several economically important cyprinid fishes, but there is no approved therapy up to now. To address the urgent need for therapeutics to combat SVCV infection, we investigated the anti-SVCV activities of 12 natural compounds and 7 common antiviral agents using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells in this study. From the 19 compounds, we identified arctigenin (ARG) has the highest inhibition on SVCV replication, with maximum inhibitory percentage on SVCV > 90%. And the 48 h half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ARG on SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were 0.29 (0.22-0.39) and 0.35 (0.29-0.41) mg/L respectively. In addition, ARG significantly reduced SVCV-induced apoptosis and recovered SVCV-activated caspase-3/8/9 activity. Further, cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV was blocked by ARG treatment. Mechanistically, ARG did not affect SVCV infectivity. Moreover, ARG could not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which plays an antiviral role on SVCV. Interestingly, SVCV-induced autophagy which is necessary for virus replication was inhibited by ARG treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ARG on SVCV replication was, at least in part, via blocking SVCV-induced autophagy. Taken together, ARG has the potential to work as an agent for protecting economically important fishes against SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei-Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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45
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Embregts CWE, Rigaudeau D, Veselý T, Pokorová D, Lorenzen N, Petit J, Houel A, Dauber M, Schütze H, Boudinot P, Wiegertjes GF, Forlenza M. Intramuscular DNA Vaccination of Juvenile Carp against Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Induces Full Protection and Establishes a Virus-Specific B and T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1340. [PMID: 29114248 PMCID: PMC5660689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortalities in common carp, a commercial vaccine is not available for worldwide use. Here, we report a DNA vaccine based on the expression of the SVCV glycoprotein (G) which, when injected in the muscle even at a single low dose of 0.1 µg DNA/g of fish, confers up to 100% protection against a subsequent bath challenge with SVCV. Importantly, to best validate vaccine efficacy, we also optimized a reliable bath challenge model closely mimicking a natural infection, based on a prolonged exposure of carp to SVCV at 15°C. Using this optimized bath challenge, we showed a strong age-dependent susceptibility of carp to SVCV, with high susceptibility at young age (3 months) and a full resistance at 9 months. We visualized local expression of the G protein and associated early inflammatory response by immunohistochemistry and described changes in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and antiviral genes in the muscle of vaccinated fish. Adaptive immune responses were investigated by analyzing neutralizing titers against SVCV in the serum of vaccinated fish and the in vitro proliferation capacity of peripheral SVCV-specific T cells. We show significantly higher serum neutralizing titers and the presence of SVCV-specific T cells in the blood of vaccinated fish, which proliferated upon stimulation with SVCV. Altogether, this is the first study reporting on a protective DNA vaccine against SVCV in carp and the first to provide a detailed characterization of local innate as well as systemic adaptive immune responses elicited upon DNA vaccination that suggest a role not only of B cells but also of T cells in the protection conferred by the SVCV-G DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Rigaudeau
- INRA, Infectiologie Expérimentale Rongeurs Poissons, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | | | - Jules Petit
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Armel Houel
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Malte Dauber
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Infectiology, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Heike Schütze
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute for Infectiology, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Pierre Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Ahmadivand S, Soltani M, Behdani M, Evensen Ø, Alirahimi E, Hassanzadeh R, Soltani E. Oral DNA vaccines based on CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles confer high protection against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection in trout. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 74:178-189. [PMID: 28479343 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the etiological agent of a contagious viral disease causing remarkable mortalities in different fish species. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines against IPN, the disease still constitutes one of the main threats to the aquaculture industry worldwide. In this study, we developed a DNA vaccine encoding the VP2 gene of IPNV and evaluated its ability to induce protective immunity in rainbow trout fry (3 g) at doses of 10 and 25 μg/fish and boosting with the same doses two weeks later through the oral route using chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS-TPP) nanoparticles and alginate microparticles incorporated into fish feed. The distribution of the administered vaccines in different organs and transcription of VP2 gene were confirmed by RT-PCR assay at day 30 post boost-vaccination. Transcript levels of IFN-1, Mx-1, IgM, IgT and CD4 genes was dependent on vaccine dose and was significantly up-regulated in head kidney of all orally vaccinated fish groups compared to controls (pcDNA3.1). Cumulative mortalities post-challenge with virulent isolate of the virus were lower in the vaccinated fish and a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 59% and 82% were obtained for the 10 and 25 μg/fish pcDNA3.1-VP2 groups, respectively. Vaccination with the same amount of pcDNA3.1-VP2 encapsulated with CS-TPP nanoparticles resulted in RPS of 47 %and 70%, respectively. Detectable anti-IPNV antibodies were shown until 90 days postvaccination. The orally administrated vaccines significantly decreased VP4 transcripts thus contributing to reducing viral load in surviving fish on day 45 post-challenge. In conclusion, these results show good to high protection post-vaccination alongside with significant up-regulation of key immune genes and detectable levels of circulating antibodies after oral administration of the DNA vaccine formulated in CS-TPP nanoparticles and alginate microparticles in fish feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Ahmadivand
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran; Centre of Excellence of Aquatic Animal Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ehsan Alirahimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom & Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hassanzadeh
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Iran Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ellahe Soltani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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47
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Liu L, Hu Y, Shen YF, Wang GX, Zhu B. Evaluation on antiviral activity of coumarin derivatives against spring viraemia of carp virus in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28624462 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most serious pathogens in the freshwater aquatic environment, spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) induces a high mortality rate in several cyprinid fishes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a total of 44 coumarin derivatives to evaluate the anti-SVCV activity. By comparing the inhibitory concentration at half-maximal activity (IC50), two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) were selected, with maximum inhibitory rates on SVCV more than 90%. Mechanistically, B4 or C2 did not affect viral adhesion and delivery from endosomes to the cytosol. Further, B4 and C2 could decline the apoptosis in SVCV-infected cells and the viral activated caspase-3, 8, 9 activities. Other results showed that SVCV induced the cytoskeletal structure to be a circumferential ring of microtubules near the nucleus, with occurring a disrupted microfilament organization. In comparison, cytoskeleton structure in drug-treated cells kept complete. In addition, the cellular microstructure in drug treatments showed no significant change; while SVCV-infected cells were seriously shrunk, and observed typical apoptotic features including cell shrinkage, volume reduction and cell blebbing. More importantly, B4 and C2 enhanced anti-oxidative enzyme gene expression and triggered the Nrf-2 pathway to keep balance of intracellular redox state. Therefore, the use of two imidazole coumarins (B4 and C2) could be a viable way of preventing and controlling SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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48
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Embregts CWE, Forlenza M. Oral vaccination of fish: Lessons from humans and veterinary species. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:118-37. [PMID: 27018298 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The limited number of oral vaccines currently approved for use in humans and veterinary species clearly illustrates that development of efficacious and safe oral vaccines has been a challenge not only for fish immunologists. The insufficient efficacy of oral vaccines is partly due to antigen breakdown in the harsh gastric environment, but also to the high tolerogenic gut environment and to inadequate vaccine design. In this review we discuss current approaches used to develop oral vaccines for mass vaccination of farmed fish species. Furthermore, using various examples from the human and veterinary vaccine development, we propose additional approaches to fish vaccine design also considering recent advances in fish mucosal immunology and novel molecular tools. Finally, we discuss the pros and cons of using the zebrafish as a pre-screening animal model to potentially speed up vaccine design and testing for aquaculture fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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49
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Liu Y, Wang FQ, Shah Z, Cheng XJ, Kong M, Feng C, Chen XG. Nano-polyplex based on oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (OCMCS) and hyaluronic acid for oral gene vaccine delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:492-501. [PMID: 27236511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we described nano-polyplexes (NPs) made of oleoyl-carboxymethy-chitosan (OCMCS)/hyaluronic acid (HA) as novel potential carriers for oral gene vaccines delivery. Aerolysin gene (aerA) of Aeromonas hydrophila as microbial antigen was efficiently loaded to form OCMCS-HA/aerA (OHA) NPs. OHA NPs performed the optimal parameters, i.e. smallest (154.5±9.4nm), positive charged (+7.9±0.5mV) and monodispersed system with the N/P ratio of 5 and OCMCS/HA weight ratio of 4. Upon the introduction of HA, OHA NPs was beneficial for the DNA release in intestinal environments in comparison to OA NPs. The mean fluorescence intensity detected in Caco-2 cells incubated with OHA NPs was about 2.5-fold higher than that of OA NPs; however, it decreased significantly in the presence of excess free HA. The OHA NPs and OA NPs decreased the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) of Caco-2 monolayers obviously and induced increasing the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of DNA by 5.45-6.09 folds compared with free DNA. Significantly higher (P<0.05) antigen-specific antibodies were detected in serum after orally immunized with OHA NPs than that immunized with OA NPs and DNA alone in carps. These results enable the OHA NPs might resolve challenges arising from gastrointestinal damage to gene antigens, and offer an approach applicable for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Fang-Qin Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zeana Shah
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Cheng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
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Ashraf U, Lu Y, Lin L, Yuan J, Wang M, Liu X. Spring viraemia of carp virus: recent advances. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1037-1051. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Usama Ashraf
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, PRChina
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PRChina
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