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Wang M, Du S, Xu W, Song L, Hao P, Jin N, Ren L, Li C. Construction and optimization of Lactobacillus plantarum expression system expressing glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:112-117. [PMID: 31805333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes serious reproductive failure and respiratory disease in pigs. Although numerous vaccines were developed against the virus, licensed vaccines showed limited efficacy. Here, we describe the construction and optimization of Lactobacillus plantarum expression system of PRRSV GP5 gene. The wild-type truncated GP5 or codon-optimized truncated GP5 was linked with endogenous signal peptide and target peptides (DCpep or Mpep) at 5' and 3' end of the gene, respectively. Then, the fragments were cloned into the L. plantarum expression plasmid pSIP411 and expressed under the induction of SppIP. As a result, PRRSV GP5 genes with optimized codons have higher expressions than that of the GP5 genes with wild-type codons, indicating codons optimization is an effective way to enhance the expression of an exogenous gene in L. plantarum. Further analysis showed that the codon-optimized GP5 with endogenous signal peptide can be effectively displayed on the surface of the L. plantarum, and the GP5 harboring target peptide Mpep displayed the highest antigenicity than the others. The highest production of PRRSV GP5 was obtained under the following conditions: L. plantarum harboring the plasmid pSIP-1320-O5MH are induced with 200 ng/mL SppIP at 33 °C for 7 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maopeng Wang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Lina Song
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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2
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An CH, Nazki S, Park SC, Jeong YJ, Lee JH, Park SJ, Khatun A, Kim WI, Park YI, Jeong JC, Kim CY. Plant synthetic GP4 and GP5 proteins from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus elicit immune responses in pigs. PLANTA 2018; 247:973-985. [PMID: 29313103 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated successful overexpression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-derived GP4D and GP5D antigenic proteins in Arabidopsis. Pigs immunized with transgenic plants expressing GP4D and GP5D proteins generated both humoral and cellular immune responses to PRRSV. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes PRRS, the most economically significant disease affecting the swine industry worldwide. However, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed virus or modified live vaccines) show poor efficacy and safety due to concerns such as reversion of virus to wild type and lack of cross protection. To overcome these problems, plants are considered a promising alternative to conventional platforms and as a vehicle for large-scale production of recombinant proteins. Here, we demonstrate successful production of recombinant protein vaccine by expressing codon-optimized and transmembrane-deleted recombinant glycoproteins (GP4D and GP5D) from PRRSV in planta. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GP4D and GP5D proteins as candidate antigens. To examine immunogenicity, pigs were fed transgenic Arabidopsis leaves expressing the GP4D and GP5D antigens (three times at 2-week intervals) and then challenged with PRRSV at 6-week post-initial treatment. Immunized pigs showed significantly lower lung lesion scores and reduced viremia and viral loads in the lung than pigs fed Arabidopsis leaves expressing mYFP (control). Immunized pigs also had higher titers of PRRSV-specific antibodies and significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-12). Furthermore, the numbers of IFN-γ+-producing cells were higher, and those of regulatory T cells were lower, in GP4D and GP5D immunized pigs than in control pigs. Thus, plant-derived GP4D and GP5D proteins provide an alternative platform for producing an effective subunit vaccine against PRRSV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Swine/immunology
- Swine/virology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Han An
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Environmental and Biosource Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Environmental and Biosource Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Environmental and Biosource Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Miletic S, Hünerberg M, Kaldis A, MacDonald J, Leuthreau A, McAllister T, Menassa R. A Plant-Produced Candidate Subunit Vaccine Reduces Shedding of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Ruminants. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28869356 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are commonly present in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and cause serious infectious disease in humans. Immunizing cattle against EHEC is a promising strategy to decrease the risk of food contamination; however, veterinary vaccines against EHEC such as Econiche have not been widely adopted by the agricultural industry, and have been discontinued, prompting the need for more cost-effective EHEC vaccines. The objective of this project is to develop a platform to produce plant-made antigens for oral vaccination of ruminants against EHEC. Five recombinant proteins were designed as vaccine candidates and expressed transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana and transplastomically in Nicotiana tabacum. Three of these EHEC proteins, NleA, Stx2b, and a fusion of EspA accumulated when transiently expressed. Transient protein accumulation was the highest when EHEC proteins were fused to an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) tag. In the transplastomic lines, EspA accumulated up to 479 mg kg-1 in lyophilized leaf material. Sheep that were administered leaf tissue containing recombinant EspA shed less E. coli O157:H7 when challenged, as compared to control animals. These results suggest that plant-made, transgenic EspA has the potential to reduce EHEC shedding in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Miletic
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London N5V 4T3, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Hünerberg
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge T1J 4P4, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition Unit, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelo Kaldis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London N5V 4T3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline MacDonald
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London N5V 4T3, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Leuthreau
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London N5V 4T3, Ontario, Canada
- Université de Bordeaux and INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Villenave d'ornon, France
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge T1J 4P4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London N5V 4T3, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London N6A 3K7, Ontario, Canada
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Shahid N, Daniell H. Plant-based oral vaccines against zoonotic and non-zoonotic diseases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2079-2099. [PMID: 27442628 PMCID: PMC5095797 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The shared diseases between animals and humans are known as zoonotic diseases and spread infectious diseases among humans. Zoonotic diseases are not only a major burden to livestock industry but also threaten humans accounting for >60% cases of human illness. About 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans have been reported to originate from zoonotic pathogens. Because antibiotics are frequently used to protect livestock from bacterial diseases, the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of epidemic and zoonotic pathogens is now a major concern. Live attenuated and killed vaccines are the only option to control these infectious diseases and this approach has been used since 1890. However, major problems with this approach include high cost and injectable vaccines is impractical for >20 billion poultry animals or fish in aquaculture. Plants offer an attractive and affordable platform for vaccines against animal diseases because of their low cost, and they are free of attenuated pathogens and cold chain requirement. Therefore, several plant-based vaccines against human and animals diseases have been developed recently that undergo clinical and regulatory approval. Plant-based vaccines serve as ideal booster vaccines that could eliminate multiple boosters of attenuated bacteria or viruses, but requirement of injectable priming with adjuvant is a current limitation. So, new approaches like oral vaccines are needed to overcome this challenge. In this review, we discuss the progress made in plant-based vaccines against zoonotic or other animal diseases and future challenges in advancing this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
In approaching the development of a veterinary vaccine, researchers must choose from a bewildering array of options that can be combined to enhance benefit. The choice and combination of options is not just driven by efficacy, but also consideration of the cost, practicality, and challenges faced in licensing the product. In this review we set out the different choices faced by veterinary vaccine developers, highlight some issues, and propose some pressing needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
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6
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Uribe-Campero L, Monroy-García A, Durán-Meza AL, Villagrana-Escareño MV, Ruíz-García J, Hernández J, Núñez-Palenius HG, Gómez-Lim MA. Plant-based porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus VLPs induce an immune response in mice. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:59-66. [PMID: 26412521 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) significantly affects the swine industry worldwide. An efficient, protective vaccine is still lacking. Here, we report for the first time the generation and purification of PRRSV virus like particles (VLPs) by expressing GP5, M and N genes in Nicotiana silvestris plants. The particles were clearly visible by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a size of 60-70 nm. Hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was obtained and it was confirmed that the VLPs had the appropriate size for PRRS virions and that the VLPs were highly pure. By measuring the Z potential we described the electrophoretic mobility behavior of VLPs and the best conditions for stability of the VLPs were determined. The particles were immunogenic in mice. A western blot of purified particles allowed detection of three coexpressed genes. These VLPs may serve as a platform to develop efficient PRRSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Uribe-Campero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-IPN, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, IMSS, CMN SXXI, México, D.F., México; Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Lab, 3PB, Unidad de Investigación en Diferenciación Celular y Cáncer, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UMIEZ, Campus II, UNAM, Batalla 5 de mayo s/n, Col. E. Oriente, Esquina Fuerte Loreto, Iztapalapa, CP 09230 México, D.F., México.
| | - Ana L Durán-Meza
- Laboratorio de Física Biológica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, México.
| | - María V Villagrana-Escareño
- Laboratorio de Física Biológica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, México.
| | - Jaime Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Física Biológica, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, SLP 78000, México.
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a La Victoria km 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora C.P. 83304, México.
| | - Héctor G Núñez-Palenius
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Exhacienda El Copal s/n, A.P. 311, Irapuato, Gto. C.P. 36500, México.
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV-IPN, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, C.P. 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México.
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7
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Renukaradhya GJ, Meng XJ, Calvert JG, Roof M, Lager KM. Inactivated and subunit vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: Current status and future direction. Vaccine 2015; 33:3065-72. [PMID: 25980425 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Within a few years of its emergence in the late 1980s, the PRRS virus had spread globally to become the foremost infectious disease concern for the pork industry. Since 1994, modified live-attenuated vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-MLV) have been widely used, but have failed to provide complete protection against emerging and heterologous field strains of the virus. Moreover, like many other MLVs, PRRSV-MLVs have safety concerns including vertical and horizontal transmission of the vaccine virus and several documented incidences of reversion to virulence. Thus, the development of efficacious inactivated vaccines is warranted for the control and eradication of PRRS. Since the early 1990s, researchers have been attempting to develop inactivated PRRSV vaccines, but most of the candidates have failed to elicit protective immunity even against homologous virus challenge. Recent research findings relating to both inactivated and subunit candidate PRRSV vaccines have shown promise, but they need to be pursued further to improve their heterologous efficacy and cost-effectiveness before considering commercialization. In this comprehensive review, we provide information on attempts to develop PRRSV inactivated and subunit vaccines. These includes various virus inactivation strategies, adjuvants, nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery systems, DNA vaccines, and recombinant subunit vaccines produced using baculovirus, plant, and replication-deficient viruses as vector vaccines. Finally, future directions for the development of innovative non-infectious PRRSV vaccines are suggested. Undoubtedly there remains a need for novel PRRSV vaccine strategies targeted to deliver cross-protective, non-infectious vaccines for the control and eradication of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States.
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Michael Roof
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kelly M Lager
- Virology Swine Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.
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8
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Production and evaluation of virus-like particles displaying immunogenic epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8382-96. [PMID: 25874763 PMCID: PMC4425087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most significant infectious disease currently affecting the swine industry worldwide. Several inactivated and modified live vaccines (MLV) have been developed to curb PRRSV infections. However, the efficacy and safety of these vaccines are unsatisfactory, and hence, there is a strong demand for the development of new PRRS universal vaccines. Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are gaining increasing acceptance compared to subunit vaccines, as they present the antigens in a more veritable conformation and are readily recognized by the immune system. Hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has been successfully used as a carrier for more than 100 viral sequences. In this study, hybrid HBcAg VLPs were generated by fusion of the conserved protective epitopes of PRRSV and expressed in E. coli. An optimized purification protocol was developed to obtain hybrid HBcAg VLP protein from the inclusion bodies. This hybrid HBcAg VLP protein self-assembled to 23-nm VLPs that were shown to block virus infection of susceptible cells when tested on MARC 145 cells. Together with the safety of non-infectious and non-replicable VLPs and the low cost of production through E. coli fermentation, this hybrid VLP could be a promising vaccine candidate for PRRS.
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Mucosal Vaccines from Plant Biotechnology. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [PMCID: PMC7158328 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants for production of recombinant proteins has evolved over the past 25 years. The first plant-based vaccines were expressed in stably transgenic plants, with the idea to conveniently deliver “edible vaccines” by ingestion of the antigen-containing plant material. These systems provided a proof of concept that oral delivery of vaccines in crude plant material could stimulate antigen-specific serum and mucosal antibodies. Transgenic grains like rice in particular provide a stable and robust vehicle for antigen delivery. However, some issues exist with stably transgenic plants, including relatively low expression levels and regulatory issues. Thus, many recent studies use transient expression with plant viral vectors to achieve rapid high expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by purification of antigen and intranasal delivery for effective stimulation of mucosal immune responses.
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10
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Yu Y, Wang G, Li Q, Du Y, Du T, Mu Y, Xiao S, Zhao Q, Wang C, Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang G, Hsu WH, Cai X, Zhou EM. Single-chain anti-idiotypic antibody retains its specificity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Hernández M, Rosas G, Cervantes J, Fragoso G, Rosales-Mendoza S, Sciutto E. Transgenic plants: a 5-year update on oral antipathogen vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1523-36. [PMID: 25158836 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.953064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The progressive interest in transgenic plants as advantageous platforms for the production and oral delivery of vaccines has led to extensive research and improvements in this technology over recent years. In this paper, the authors examine the most significant advances in this area, including novel approaches for higher yields and better containment, and the continued evaluation of new vaccine prototypes against several infectious diseases. The use of plants to deliver vaccine candidates against viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites within the last 5 years is discussed, focusing on innovative expression strategies and the immunogenic potential of new vaccines. A brief section on the state of the art in mucosal immunity is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México
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12
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Piron R, De Koker S, De Paepe A, Goossens J, Grooten J, Nauwynck H, Depicker A. Boosting in planta production of antigens derived from the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and subsequent evaluation of their immunogenicity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91386. [PMID: 24614617 PMCID: PMC3948849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of swine, caused by an arterivirus, the PRRS virus (PRRSV). This virus infects pigs worldwide and causes huge economic losses. Due to genetic drift, current vaccines are losing their power. Adaptable vaccines could provide a solution to this problem. This study aims at producing in planta a set of antigens derived from the PRRSV glycoproteins (GPs) to be included in a subunit vaccine. We selected the GP3, GP4 and GP5 and optimized these for production in an Arabidopsis seed platform by removing transmembrane domains (Tm) and/or adding stabilizing protein domains, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and immunoglobulin (IgG) ‘Fragment crystallizable’ (Fc) chains. Accumulation of the GPs with and without Tm was low, reaching no more than 0.10% of total soluble protein (TSP) in homozygous seed. However, addition of stabilizing domains boosted accumulation up to a maximum of 2.74% of TSP when GFP was used, and albeit less effectively, also the Fc chains of the porcine IgG3 and murine IgG2a increased antigen accumulation, to 0.96% and 1.81% of TSP respectively, while the murine IgG3 Fc chain did not. Antigens with Tm were less susceptible to these manipulations to increase yield. All antigens were produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and accordingly, they carried high-mannose N-glycans. The immunogenicity of several of those antigens was assessed and we show that vaccination with purified antigens did elicit the production of antibodies with virus neutralizing activity in mice but not in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Piron
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Paepe
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Goossens
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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13
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Paul M, Ma JKC. Plant-made immunogens and effective delivery strategies. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 9:821-33. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Ma Z, Wang Y, Feng WH. Recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 elicits mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses in mice. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:199-208. [PMID: 24378591 PMCID: PMC4087221 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.2.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, killed-virus and modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines are used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. However, both types of vaccines have inherent drawbacks; accordingly, the development of novel PRRSV vaccines is urgently needed. Previous studies have suggested that yeast possesses adjuvant activities, and it has been used as an expression vehicle to elicit immune responses to foreign antigens. In this report, recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis expressing GP5 of HP-PRRSV (Yeast-GP5) was generated and immune responses to this construct were analyzed in mice. Intestinal mucosal PRRSV-specific sIgA antibody and higher levels of IFN-γ in spleen CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were induced by oral administration of Yeast-GP5. Additionally, Yeast-GP5 administered subcutaneously evoked vigorous cell-mediated immunity, and PRRSV-specific lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ secretion were detected in the splenocytes of mice. These results suggest that Yeast-GP5 has the potential for use as a vaccine for PRRSV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Chan HT, Chia MY, Pang VF, Jeng CR, Do YY, Huang PL. Oral immunogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen expressed in transgenic banana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:315-324. [PMID: 23116484 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a persistent threat of economically significant influence to the swine industry worldwide. Recombinant DNA technology coupled with tissue culture technology is a viable alternative for the inexpensive production of heterologous proteins in planta. Embryogenic cells of banana cv. 'Pei chiao' (AAA) have been transformed with the ORF5 gene of PRRSV envelope glycoprotein (GP5) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and have been confirmed. Recombinant GP5 protein levels in the transgenic banana leaves were detected and ranged from 0.021%-0.037% of total soluble protein. Pigs were immunized with recombinant GP5 protein by orally feeding transgenic banana leaves for three consecutive doses at a 2-week interval and challenged with PRRSV at 7 weeks postinitial immunization. A vaccination-dependent gradational increase in the elicitation of serum and saliva anti-PRRSV IgG and IgA was observed. Furthermore, significantly lower viraemia and tissue viral load were recorded when compared with the pigs fed with untransformed banana leaves. The results suggest that transgenic banana leaves expressing recombinant GP5 protein can be an effective strategy for oral delivery of recombinant subunit vaccines in pigs and can open new avenues for the production of vaccines against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Chan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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16
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Hu J, Zhang C. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and strategies to a universal vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 61:109-20. [PMID: 23343057 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of PRRS, the most significant infectious disease currently affecting swine industry worldwide. In the United States alone, the economic losses caused by PRRS amount to more than 560 million US dollars every year. Due to immune evasion strategies and the antigenic heterogeneity of the virus, current commercial PRRSV vaccines (killed-virus and modified-live vaccines) are of unsatisfactory efficacy, especially against heterologous infection. Continuous efforts have been devoted to develop better PRRSV vaccines. Experimental PRRSV vaccines, including live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vectors expressing PRRSV viral proteins, DNA vaccines and plant-made subunit vaccines, have been developed. However, the genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of the virus limits the value of almost all of the PRRSV vaccines tested. Developing a universal vaccine that can provide broad protection against circulating PRRSV strains has become a major challenge for current vaccine development. This paper reviews current status of PRRSV vaccine development and discusses strategies to develop a universal PRRSV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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17
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Peréz Aguirreburualde MS, Gómez MC, Ostachuk A, Wolman F, Albanesi G, Pecora A, Odeon A, Ardila F, Escribano JM, Dus Santos MJ, Wigdorovitz A. Efficacy of a BVDV subunit vaccine produced in alfalfa transgenic plants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 151:315-24. [PMID: 23291101 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered an important cause of economic loss within bovine herds worldwide. In Argentina, only the use of inactivated vaccines is allowed, however, the efficacy of inactivated BVDV vaccines is variable due to its low immunogenicity. The use of recombinant subunit vaccines has been proposed as an alternative to overcome this difficulty. Different studies on protection against BVDV infection have focused the E2 protein, supporting its putative use in subunit vaccines. Utilization of transgenic plants expressing recombinant antigens for the formulation of experimental vaccines represents an innovative and cost effective alternative to the classical fermentation systems. The aim of this work was to develop transgenic alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa, L.) expressing a truncated version of the structural protein E2 from BVDV fused to a molecule named APCH, that target to antigen presenting cells (APCH-tE2). The concentration of recombinant APCH-tE2 in alfalfa leaves was 1 μg/g at fresh weight and its expression remained stable after vegetative propagation. A methodology based an aqueous two phases system was standardized for concentration and partial purification of APCH-tE2 from alfalfa. Guinea pigs parentally immunized with leaf extracts developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies. In bovine, the APCH-tE2 subunit vaccine was able to induce BVDV-specific neutralizing antibodies. After challenge, bovines inoculated with 3 μg of APCH-tE2 produced in alfalfa transgenic plants showed complete virological protection.
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18
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Miller T, Fanton M, Nickelson S, Mason H, Webb S. Safety and immunogenicity of bacterial and tobacco plant cell line derived recombinant native and mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in chickens. Avian Pathol 2012; 41:441-9. [PMID: 22928883 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2012.709606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of the mammalian mucosal adjuvants, Escherichia coli wild-type heat-labile holotoxin (LT) and E. coli mutant LT (LTA-K63/LTB), were examined in 1-day-old chicks and 10-day-old to 21-day-old broilers. Biologically active, E. coli recombinant wild-type LT and recombinant LTA-K63/LTB produced in a transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (NT-1) tobacco cell line (SLT102) were tested for safety and antigenicity following various routes of administration. Safety was assessed by clinical signs, body weight gain, gross organ pathology and wet organ weight, and histopathology. Antigenicity was assessed using LT-B-specific serum IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parenteral administration of E. coli recombinant wild-type LT did not have any discernible effect on bird health and was well tolerated at levels up to 400 µg per dose. Recombinant, SLT102-derived mutant LT derived from SLT102 cells retained in vitro ganglioside binding and was safe and antigenic following repeated mucosal administration to birds. The highest systemic LT-B-specific IgG titres were detected in birds that received three on-feed doses of SLT102-derived mutant LT. Among the various SLT102-derived mutant LT preparations tested, whole, wet cells or whole cell lysates were the most antigenic. These results demonstrate for the first time that E. coli-derived recombinant, wild-type LT holotoxin is well tolerated following multiple administrations to young birds at body weight doses previously reported to be enteropathogenic and toxic in mammalian species. Moreover, these data also demonstrate the feasibility of using recombinant wild-type and mutant LT produced in transgenic NT-1 tobacco cells as safe and potent vaccine adjuvants in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Miller
- Benchmark BioLabs, Inc., Lincoln, NE 68528-1574, USA.
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19
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Yoshimatsu K, Kawano N, Kawahara N, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Nishijima M. [Current status in the commercialization and application of genetically modified plants and their effects on human and livestock health and phytoremediation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:629-74. [PMID: 22687699 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the use of genetically modified plants for human and livestock health and phytoremediation were surveyed using information retrieved from Entrez PubMed, Chemical Abstracts Service, Google, congress abstracts and proceedings of related scientific societies, scientific journals, etc. Information obtained was classified into 8 categories according to the research objective and the usage of the transgenic plants as 1: nutraceuticals (functional foods), 2: oral vaccines, 3: edible curatives, 4: vaccine antigens, 5: therapeutic antibodies, 6: curatives, 7: diagnostic agents and reagents, and 8: phytoremediation. In total, 405 cases were collected from 2006 to 2010. The numbers of cases were 120 for nutraceuticals, 65 for oral vaccines, 25 for edible curatives, 36 for vaccine antigens, 36 for therapeutic antibodies, 76 for curatives, 15 for diagnostic agents and reagents, and 40 for phytoremediation (sum of each cases was 413 because some reports were related to several categories). Nutraceuticals, oral vaccines and curatives were predominant. The most frequently used edible crop was rice (51 cases), and tomato (28 cases), lettuce (22 cases), potato (18 cases), corn (15 cases) followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan.
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20
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Matić S, Masenga V, Poli A, Rinaldi R, Milne RG, Vecchiati M, Noris E. Comparative analysis of recombinant Human Papillomavirus 8 L1 production in plants by a variety of expression systems and purification methods. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:410-21. [PMID: 22260326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 8 (HPV-8), one of the high-risk cutaneous papillomaviruses (cHPVs), is associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and nonmelanoma skin cancer in immuno-compromised individuals. Currently, no vaccines against cHPVs have been reported; however, recent studies on cross-neutralizing properties of their capsid proteins (CP) have fostered an interest in vaccine production against these viruses. We examined the potential of producing HPV-8 major CP L1 in Nicotiana benthamiana by agroinfiltration of different transient expression vectors: (i) the binary vector pBIN19 with or without silencing suppressor constructs, (ii) the nonreplicating Cowpea mosaic virus-derived expression vector pEAQ-HT and (iii) a replicating Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector alone or with signal peptides. Although HPV-8 L1 was successfully expressed using pEAQ-HT and TMV, a 15-fold increase was obtained with pEAQ-HT. In contrast, no L1 protein could be immune detected using pBIN19 irrespective of whether silencing suppressors were coexpressed, although such constructs were required for identifying L1-specific transcripts. A fourfold yield increase in L1 expression was obtained when 22 C-terminal amino acids were deleted (L1ΔC22), possibly eliminating a nuclear localization signal. Electron microscopy showed that plant-made HPV-8 L1 proteins assembled in appropriate virus-like particles (VLPs) of T = 1 or T = 7 symmetry. Ultrathin sections of L1ΔC22-expressing cells revealed their accumulation in the cytoplasm in the form of VLPs or paracrystalline arrays. These results show for the first time the production and localization of HPV-8 L1 protein in planta and its assembly into VLPs representing promising candidate for potential vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Matić
- Istituto di Virologia Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada delle Cacce, Turin, Italy
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21
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Vimolmangkang S, Gasic K, Soria-Guerra R, Rosales-Mendoza S, Moreno-Fierros L, Korban SS. Expression of the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in soybean seed yields an immunogenic antigenic protein. PLANTA 2012; 235:513-22. [PMID: 21971995 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a serious disease of swine and contributes to severe worldwide economic losses in swine production. Current vaccines against PRRS rely on the use of an attenuated-live virus; however, these are unreliable. Thus, alternative effective vaccines against PRRS are needed. Plant-based subunit vaccines offer viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional vaccines. In this study, efforts have been undertaken to develop a soybean-based vaccine against PRRSV. A construct carrying a synthesized PRRSV-ORF7 antigen, nucleocapsid N protein of PRRSV, has been introduced into soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. cvs. Jack and Kunitz, using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants carrying the sORF7 transgene have been successfully generated. Molecular analyses of T(0) plants confirmed integration of the transgene and transcription of the PRRSV-ORF7. Presence of a 15-kDa protein in seeds of T(1) transgenic lines was confirmed by Western blot analysis using PRRSV-ORF7 antisera. The amount of the antigenic protein accumulating in seeds of these transgenic lines was up to 0.65% of the total soluble protein (TSP). A significant induction of a specific immune response, both humoral and mucosal, against PRRSV-ORF7 was observed following intragastric immunization of BALB/c female mice with transgenic soybean seeds. These findings provide a 'proof of concept', and serve as a critical step in the development of a subunit plant-based vaccine against PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Charerntantanakul W. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety aspects. World J Virol 2012; 1:23-30. [PMID: 24175208 PMCID: PMC3782261 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is the leading cause of economic casualty in swine industry worldwide. The virus can cause reproductive failure, respiratory disease, and growth retardation in the pigs. This review deals with current status of commercial PRRS vaccines presently used to control PRRS. The review focuses on the immunogenicity, protective efficacy and safety aspects of the vaccines. Commercial PRRS modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine elicits delayed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following vaccination. The vaccine confers late but effective protection against genetically homologous PRRSV, and partial protection against genetically heterologous virus. The MLV vaccine is of concern for its safety as the vaccine virus can revert to virulence and cause diseases. PRRS killed virus (KV) vaccine, on the other hand, is safe but confers limited protection against either homologous or heterologous virus. The KV vaccine yet helps reduce disease severity when administered to the PRRSV-infected pigs. Although efforts have been made to improve the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of PRRS vaccines, a better vaccine is still needed in order to protect against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasin Charerntantanakul
- Wasin Charerntantanakul, Research Laboratory for Immunity Enhancement in Humans and Domestic Animals, Program of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
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23
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Hu J, Ni Y, Dryman BA, Meng XJ, Zhang C. Immunogenicity study of plant-made oral subunit vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Vaccine 2012; 30:2068-74. [PMID: 22300722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, killed-virus and modified-live PRRSV vaccines are used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome disease (PRRS). However, very limited efficacy of killed-virus vaccines and serious safety concerns for modified-live virus vaccines demand the development of novel PRRSV vaccines. In this report, we investigated the possibility of using transgenic plants as a cost-effective and scalable system for production and delivery of a viral protein as an oral subunit vaccine against PRRSV. Corn calli were genetically engineered to produce PRRSV viral envelope-associated M protein. Both serum and intestine mucosal antigen-specific antibodies were induced by oral administration of the transgenic plant tissues to mice. In addition, serum and mucosal antibodies showed virus neutralization activity. The neutralization antibody titers after the final boost reached 6.7 in serum and 3.7 in fecal extracts, respectively. A PRRSV-specific IFN-γ response was also detected in splenocytes of vaccinated animals. These results demonstrate that transgenic corn plants are an efficient subunit vaccine production and oral delivery system for generation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses against PRRSV.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/analysis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Feces/chemistry
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mucous Membrane/immunology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/genetics
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/genetics
- Vaccines, Edible/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Zea mays/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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24
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Ghiasi SM, Salmanian AH, Chinikar S, Zakeri S. Mice orally immunized with a transgenic plant expressing the glycoprotein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2031-7. [PMID: 22012978 PMCID: PMC3232705 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05352-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
While Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has a high mortality rate in humans, the associated virus (CCHFV) does not induce clinical symptoms in animals, but animals play an important role in disease transmission to humans. Our aim in this study was to examine the immunogenicity of the CCHFV glycoprotein when expressed in the root and leaf of transgenic plants via hairy roots and stable transformation of tobacco plants, respectively. After confirmatory analyses of transgenic plant lines and quantification of the expressed glycoprotein, mice were either fed with the transgenic leaves or roots, fed the transgenic plant material and injected subcutaneously with the plant-made CCHFV glycoprotein (fed/boosted), vaccinated with an attenuated CCHF vaccine (positive control), or received no treatment (negative control). All immunized groups had a consistent rise in anti-glycoprotein IgG and IgA antibodies in their serum and feces, respectively. The mice in the fed/boosted group showed a significant rise in specific IgG antibodies after a single boost. Our results imply that oral immunization of animals with edible materials from transgenic plants is feasible, and further assessments are under way. In addition, while the study of CCHF is challenging, our protocol should be further used to study CCHFV infection in the knockout mouse model and virus neutralization assays in biosafety level 4 laboratories.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Feces/chemistry
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Serum/chemistry
- Serum/immunology
- Nicotiana
- Vaccines, Edible
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Ghiasi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. H. Salmanian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Chinikar
- Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Zakeri
- Malaria Research Group, Biotechnology and Vector Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Chia MY, Hsiao SH, Chan HT, Do YY, Huang PL, Chang HW, Tsai YC, Lin CM, Pang VF, Jeng CR. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of a transgenic tobacco plant expressing the recombinant fusion protein of GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin in pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 140:215-25. [PMID: 21277027 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) can be used as an adjuvant for co-administered antigens. Our previous study showed that the expression of neutralizing epitope GP5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in transgenic tobacco plant (GP5-T) could induce PRRSV-specific immune responses in pigs. A transgenic tobacco plant co-expressing LTB and PRRSV GP5 as a fusion protein (LTB-GP5-T) was further constructed and its immunogenicity was evaluated. Pigs were given orally three consecutive doses of equal concentration of recombinant GP5 protein expressed in leaves of LTB-GP5-T or GP5-T at a 2-week interval and challenged with PRRSV at 7 weeks post-initial immunization. Pigs receiving LTB-GP5-T or GP5-T developed PRRSV-specific antibody- and cell-mediated immunity and showed significantly lower viremia and tissue viral load and milder lung lesions than wild type tobacco plant (W-T). The LTB-GP5-T-treated group had relatively higher immune responses than the GP5-T-treated group, although the differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yuan Chia
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Chen X, Liu J. Generation and immunogenicity of transgenic potato expressing the GP5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:153-8. [PMID: 21300109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen that has caused huge economic losses in the global swine industry. The advent of molecular farming has provided a cost-effective strategy for the development of transgenic plants as bioreactors to produce recombinant proteins. In this study, transgenic potato expressing GP5 protein of PRRSV was produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and confirmed using Southern blot and RT-PCR analyses. Recombinant GP5 protein was detected by ELISA and Western blot analyses. Mice immunized with transgenic potato extracts generated both serum and gut mucosal-specific antibodies, although low levels of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. This study provides a new approach for the production of vaccines against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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