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Pelegrin-Valls J, Álvarez-Rodríguez J, Martín-Alonso MJ, Aquilué B, Serrano-Pérez B. Impact of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp inclusion and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs. Res Vet Sci 2023; 163:104969. [PMID: 37639805 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) pulp and warm season on gastrointestinal morphological parameters, immune-redox defences and coccidiosis in concentrate-fed light lambs. Weaned lambs were assigned to one of three concentrate-based diets: C0 (without carob pulp), C15 (150 g/kg of carob pulp) and C30 (300 g/kg of carob pulp) from 40 to 80 days of age in two consecutive cold and warm batches. Blood samples were collected at Day 80 to determine the metabolic status. Rectal faeces were sampled at Days 50, 65 and 80 to determine consistency and oocyst count per gram. Inclusion of carob pulp in lamb diets did not affect lamb growth but reduced coccidia oocyst excretion, improved faecal consistency and gastrointestinal morphological parameters, enhancing the ruminal thickness of the papilla living strata and reducing the darkness of the epithelium colour. Moreover, carob condensed tannins in the lambs' diet enhanced the expression of antioxidant SOD2 in rumen, while down-regulated NRF2, SOD1, CAT and PPARG in ileum. There was no interaction between the treatments and season in the evaluated variables. Lambs from the warm season exhibited reduced growth performance, altered ruminal epithelium, lower circulating iron levels, increased protein concentrations and higher coccidiosis susceptibility. In addition, regulatory immune and antioxidant mechanisms to counterbalance reactive oxygen species production in gastrointestinal tissues were evident. Dietary inclusion of carob pulp (150 and 300 g/kg) in lamb diets improved gastrointestinal health and homeostasis but did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beatriz Aquilué
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Beatriz Serrano-Pérez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain; AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Vázquez-Mendoza P, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Cedillo-Monroy J, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Moringa oleifera as a Natural Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Equines: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091921. [PMID: 37176979 PMCID: PMC10181162 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a wide variety of parasites that infect horses, causing major gastrointestinal damage that can lead to death, and although the main method of control has been synthetic anthelmintics, there are parasites that have developed resistance to these drugs. For generations, plants have been used throughout the world as a cure or treatment for countless diseases and their symptoms, as is the case of Moringa oleifera, a plant native to the western region. In all its organs, mainly in leaves, M. oleifera presents a diversity of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, saponins, and vitamins, which provide antioxidant power to the plant. The compounds with the greatest antiparasitic activity are tannins and saponins, and they affect both the larvae and the oocytes of various equine gastrointestinal parasites. Therefore, M. oleifera is a promising source for the natural control of gastrointestinal parasites in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paulina Vázquez-Mendoza
- Facultad Maya de Estudios Agropecuarios, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Catazajá 29980, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - José Cedillo-Monroy
- Temascaltepec University Center, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Temascaltepec 51300, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50295, Estado de México, Mexico
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Wang L, Kong D, Tian J, Zhao W, Chen Y, An Y, Liu X, Wang F, Cai F, Sun X, Liu Q, Zhang W, Tian J, Zhou H. Tapinanthus species: A review of botany and biology, secondary metabolites, ethnomedical uses, current pharmacology and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115462. [PMID: 35714877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tapinanthus species are hemiparasites that grow on diverse hosts in African regions. Tapinanthus species are locally known as "all purpose herbs" as they are traditionally used to treat various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, inflammation, malaria, anemia, anxiety, itching, and so on. AIM OF THE STUDY A comprehensive review on research outcomes and future perspectives of Tapinanthus species are presented to provide a reference for relevant researchers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The references regarding Tapinanthus species were retrieved from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Sci-finder, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Open Access Library, and SpringerLink between 1963 and 2022. Scientific plant names were provided by "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) and "The world Flora Online" (www.worldfloraonline.org). RESULTS Even though Tapinanthus species are regarded as notorious pests that can undermine various hosts, they are, as omnipotent herbs in folklore, meaningful for the development of potential phytomedicine sources. Phytochemistry screening has revealed the presence of glycosides, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones. Among them, the chemical structures of 40 compounds have been elucidated by phytochemical methods without alkaloids and anthraquinones. These secondary metabolites might be responsible for ethnomedical uses and bioactivities of Tapinanthus species. Current research has provided scientific evidence for traditional uses of Tapinanthus species, especially unraveling hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-anxiety, anti-depression, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological properties. Given the fact that ethnomedical uses served as a valuable reference for pharmacology, however, some records to treat arthritis, fever, itching, dysentery, stomach pain, and anemia, have not been confirmed in current research. Furthermore, the toxic effects of Tapinanthus species were susceptible to the dosages, with relative safety across a wide range. CONCLUSIONS To reasonably yield Tapinanthus species, artificial culture might be a promising method to develop in the future. The discrepancies between phytochemistry screening and structure elucidation, as well as between ethnomedical uses and current pharmacology, need to be further clarified. The identification of bioactive compounds in crude extracts and fractions, the illustration of the underlying mechanisms of pharmacology, along with the addition of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and clinical trials of toxic tests, should be carried out in depth. This review highlights that Tapinanthus species can be considered promising phytomedicine sources as long as we adhere to digging more deeply into their potential role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Degang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jinli Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ying An
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Fujie Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wenru Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Arora P, Williams AR. Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637603. [PMID: 33717185 PMCID: PMC7943737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Yirsaw A, Baldwin CL. Goat γδ T cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103809. [PMID: 32795585 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Goats are important food animals and are disseminated globally because of their high adaptability to varying environmental conditions and feeding regimes that provide them with a comparative advantage. Productivity is impacted by infectious diseases; this then contributes to societal poverty, food insecurity, and international trade restrictions. Since γδ T cells have been shown to have vital roles in immune responses in other mammals we reviewed the literature regarding what is known about their functions, distribution in tissues and organs and their responses to a variety of infections in goats. It has been shown that caprine γδ T cells produce interferon-γ and IL-17, are found in a variety of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues and constitute a significant population of blood mononuclear cells. Their representation in tissues and their functional responses may be altered concomitant with infection. This review summarizes caprine γδ T cell responses to Brucella melitensis, Fasciola hepatica, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), and Schistosoma bovis in infected or vaccinated goats. Caprine γδ T cells have also been evaluated in goats infected with M. caprae, Ehrilichia ruminantium, Haemonchus contortus and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus but found to have an unknown or limited response or role in either protective immunity or immunopathogenesis in those cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alehegne Yirsaw
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Integrated Sciences Building, 661 N. Pleasant St, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Cynthia L Baldwin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Integrated Sciences Building, 661 N. Pleasant St, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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6
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Wang S, Giller K, Hillmann E, Marquardt S, Schwarm A. Effect of supplementation of pelleted hazel (Corylus avellana) leaves on blood antioxidant activity, cellular immune response, and heart beat parameters in sheep1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4496-4502. [PMID: 31504598 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hazel leaves (Corylus avellana) fed to sheep resulted in decreased methane emissions without negatively affecting feed intake and were found to have antioxidant properties in vitro. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of hazel leaves, rich in tannins, on blood antioxidant activity, cellular immune response, and heart beat parameters in sheep. Four experimental pellets were produced by mixing alfalfa and hazel leaves in different proportions, including alfalfa alone as a control, 30% and 60% of hazel leaves, the latter also with 3.8% polyethylene glycol (PEG). Six adult, nonpregnant, nonlactating female sheep (71 ± 5.7 kg of body weight) were allocated to 4 treatments in a 6 × 4 crossover design with four 18-d periods. The diet consisted of experimental pellets and ryegrass-dominated hay (ratio 80% to 20% in dry matter), resulting in hazel leaf proportions of approximately 0%, 25%, and 50% in the total diet. Blood samples were collected at the end of each period to determine plasma total phenol concentration and markers of oxidative status as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) activation and proliferation response in vitro. Heart rate (HR) and HR variability parameters were measured for 2 consecutive days in each period, during different activities (i.e., eating pellets or hay, or lying). Treatments were compared with multiple comparisons and contrast analysis was used to test for linear and quadratic relations. Compared with control, feeding a high dosage of hazel leaves enhanced (P = 0.006) the plasma total antioxidant capacity, which linearly (P = 0.016) increased with increasing level of hazel leaves in the diet. The total phenol concentration and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in the plasma were not different (P ≥ 0.23) among the treatments; however, the latter slightly increased linearly (P = 0.047) with increasing hazel leaves proportion. No differences were observed in the activation and proliferation of PBMC among treatments. The HR decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.009) during pellet eating and lying and the root mean square of successive differences of interbeat intervals (RMSSD) increased linearly (P = 0.037) when lying with increasing level of hazel leaves in the diet. In conclusion, our findings indicate that hazel leaves are a promising supplement to improve oxidative status with no effect on cellular immune response and cardiac stress level of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopu Wang
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katrin Giller
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Hillmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry and Ethology Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svenja Marquardt
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Mazingira Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Angela Schwarm
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.,Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Ås, Norway
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7
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Nugraha AS, Triatmoko B, Wangchuk P, Keller PA. Vascular Epiphytic Medicinal Plants as Sources of Therapeutic Agents: Their Ethnopharmacological Uses, Chemical Composition, and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020181. [PMID: 31991657 PMCID: PMC7072150 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is an extensive review on epiphytic plants that have been used traditionally as medicines. It provides information on 185 epiphytes and their traditional medicinal uses, regions where Indigenous people use the plants, parts of the plants used as medicines and their preparation, and their reported phytochemical properties and pharmacological properties aligned with their traditional uses. These epiphytic medicinal plants are able to produce a range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, and a total of 842 phytochemicals have been identified to date. As many as 71 epiphytic medicinal plants were studied for their biological activities, showing promising pharmacological activities, including as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents. There are several species that were not investigated for their activities and are worthy of exploration. These epipythes have the potential to furnish drug lead compounds, especially for treating cancers, and thus warrant indepth investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Satia Nugraha
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
| | - Bawon Triatmoko
- Drug Utilisation and Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jember, Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.N.); (P.A.K.); Tel.: +62-3-3132-4736 (A.S.N.); +61-2-4221-4692 (P.A.K.)
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8
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Hedges JF, Jutila MA. Harnessing γδ T Cells as Natural Immune Modulators. MUCOSAL VACCINES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7150015 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811924-2.00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Poutaraud A, Michelot-Antalik A, Plantureux S. Grasslands: A Source of Secondary Metabolites for Livestock Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6535-6553. [PMID: 28704611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for environmentally friendly practices in animal husbandry, in conjunction with the reduction of the use of synthetic chemicals, leads us to reconsider our agricultural production systems. In that context, grassland secondary metabolites (GSMs) could offer an alternative way to support to livestock health. In fact, grasslands, especially those with high dicotyledonous plant species, present a large, pharmacologically active reservoir of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and quinones). These molecules have activities that could improve or deteriorate health and production. This Review presents the main families of GSMs and uses examples to describe their known impact on animal health in husbandry. Techniques involved for their study are also described. A particular focus is put on anti-oxidant activities of GSMs. In fact, numerous husbandry pathologies, such as inflammation, are linked to oxidative stress and can be managed by a diet rich in anti-oxidants. The different approaches and techniques used to evaluate grassland quality for livestock health highlight the lack of efficient and reliable technics to study the activities of this complex phytococktail. Better knowledge and management of this animal health resource constitute a new multidisciplinary research field and a challenge to maintain and valorize grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poutaraud
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, INRA , UMR 1121, Colmar, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Alice Michelot-Antalik
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Plantureux
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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10
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Ropiak HM, Desrues O, Williams AR, Ramsay A, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Structure-Activity Relationship of Condensed Tannins and Synergism with trans-Cinnamaldehyde against Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8795-8805. [PMID: 27796095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of livestock are increasingly developing resistance to synthetic nematocidal drugs. Moreover, the use of nematocides can induce ecotoxicity by affecting free-living nematodes. Condensed tannins (CT) are a structurally diverse group of bioactive plant compounds possessing anthelmintic activity against GIN. We investigated the relationship between the chemical structure of contrasting, purified CT and nematocidal effects using Caenorhabditis elegans. We also explored whether the nematocidal activity of CT could synergize with trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). A nonsignificant correlation was evident between the ability of CT fractions to inhibit C. elegans motility and the molar proportion of prodelphinidin subunits in purified CT samples. Synergistic inhibition of motility was achieved by combinations of CT and CIN. Galloylation of procyanidins was also a key factor for synergy. To increase the nematocidal effect of CT, plant sources containing CT with specific structural features could be selected and combined with compounds acting in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata M Ropiak
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Desrues
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Aina Ramsay
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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11
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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12
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Williams AR, Fryganas C, Reichwald K, Skov S, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. Polymerization-dependent activation of porcine γδ T-cells by proanthocyanidins. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:209-15. [PMID: 27033935 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived proanthocyanidins (PAC) have been promoted as a natural method of improving health and immune function in livestock. It has previously been shown that PAC are effective agonists for activating ruminant γδ T-cells in vitro, however effects on other livestock species are not yet clear. Moreover, the fine structural characteristics of the PAC which contribute to this stimulatory effect have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate activation of porcine γδ T-cells by PAC via up-regulation of CD25 (IL-2Rα) and show that 1) activation is dependent on degree of polymerization (DP), with PAC fractions containing polymers with mean DP >6 significantly more effective than fractions with mean DP <6, whilst flavan-3-ol monomers (the constituent monomeric units of PAC) did not induce CD25 expression and 2) both procyanidin and prodelphinidin-type PAC are effective agonists. Furthermore, we show that this effect of PAC is restricted to the γδ T-cell population within porcine peripheral mononuclear cells as significant CD25 up-regulation was not observed in non γδ T-cells, and no activation (via CD80/86 up-regulation) was evident in monocytes. Our results show that dietary PAC may contribute to enhancement of innate immunity in swine via activation of γδ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Christos Fryganas
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Reichwald
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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13
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Klongsiriwet C, Quijada J, Williams AR, Mueller-Harvey I, Williamson EM, Hoste H. Synergistic inhibition of Haemonchus contortus exsheathment by flavonoid monomers and condensed tannins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2015. [PMID: 26199861 PMCID: PMC4506970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the separate and combined anthelmintic (AH) effects of different phenolic compounds, including condensed tannins and flavonoids, all of which are known to occur in willow leaves, a potentially valuable dry season feed. A range of contrasting model tannins, which span the whole range of willow tannins, were isolated from tilia flowers, goat willow leaves, black currant leaves and red currant leaves. All together, the tested compounds represented the major tannin types (procyanidins and prodelphinidins) and flavonoid types (flavonols, flavones and flavanones). The larval exsheathment inhibition assay (LEIA) was used to assess their in vitro effects on Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae. Arbutin, vanillic acid, and taxifolin proved to be ineffective whereas naringenin, quercetin and luteolin were highly effective at 250 μM concentrations. Procyanidin (PC) tannins tended to be less active than prodelphinidin tannins (PD). Experiments with combinations of tannins and quercetin or luteolin revealed for the first time the existence of synergistic AH effects between tannins and flavonoid monomers. They also provided evidence that synergistic effects appear to occur at slightly lower concentrations of PC than PD. This suggests that the AH activity of condensed tannins can be significantly enhanced by the addition of quercetin or luteolin. This information may prove useful for plant breeding or selection and for designing optimal feed mixtures. Tannins and flavonoids showed anti-parasitic effects against Haemonchus contortus. This is the first report of their synergistic effects on larval exsheathment. Flavonoids enhanced especially the anthelmintic activities of procyanidin tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaweewan Klongsiriwet
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P O Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, UK
| | - Jessica Quijada
- UMR IHAP 1225 INRA/ENVT, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, 31076, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P O Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, UK
| | | | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR IHAP 1225 INRA/ENVT, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, 31076, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse Cedex, France
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14
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Park E, Kwon HY, Jung JH, Jung DB, Jeong A, Cheon J, Kim B, Kim SH. Inhibition of Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 and Activation of Caspases Are Critically Involved in Gallotannin-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5371 pmid: 26014377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; Kyung Hee University; 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu Yongin 446-701 South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kwon
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Arong Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Jinhong Cheon
- School of Korean Medicine; Pusan National University; Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup Yangsan-si Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870 South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
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15
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Park E, Kwon HY, Jung JH, Jung DB, Jeong A, Cheon J, Kim B, Kim SH. Inhibition of Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 and Activation of Caspases Are Critically Involved in Gallotannin-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science; Kyung Hee University; 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu Yongin 446-701 South Korea
| | - Hee Young Kwon
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Arong Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Jinhong Cheon
- School of Korean Medicine; Pusan National University; Busandaehak-ro 49, Mulgeum-eup Yangsan-si Gyeongsangnam-do 626-870 South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 130-701 South Korea
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16
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Lüscher A, Mueller-Harvey I, Soussana JF, Rees RM, Peyraud JL. Potential of legume-based grassland-livestock systems in Europe: a review. GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE : THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH GRASSLAND SOCIETY 2014; 69:206-228. [PMID: 26300574 PMCID: PMC4540161 DOI: 10.1111/gfs.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
European grassland-based livestock production systems face the challenge of producing more meat and milk to meet increasing world demands and to achieve this using fewer resources. Legumes offer great potential for achieving these objectives. They have numerous features that can act together at different stages in the soil-plant-animal-atmosphere system, and these are most effective in mixed swards with a legume proportion of 30-50%. The resulting benefits include reduced dependence on fossil energy and industrial N-fertilizer, lower quantities of harmful emissions to the environment (greenhouse gases and nitrate), lower production costs, higher productivity and increased protein self-sufficiency. Some legume species offer opportunities for improving animal health with less medication, due to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites. In addition, legumes may offer an adaptation option to rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change. Legumes generate these benefits at the level of the managed land-area unit and also at the level of the final product unit. However, legumes suffer from some limitations, and suggestions are made for future research to exploit more fully the opportunities that legumes can offer. In conclusion, the development of legume-based grassland-livestock systems undoubtedly constitutes one of the pillars for more sustainable and competitive ruminant production systems, and it can be expected that forage legumes will become more important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lüscher
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading Reading, UK
| | - J F Soussana
- INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R M Rees
- Scotland's Rural College Edinburgh, UK
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17
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The effect of purified condensed tannins of forage plants from Botswana on the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of livestock. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Novobilský A, Stringano E, Hayot Carbonero C, Smith LMJ, Enemark HL, Mueller-Harvey I, Thamsborg SM. In vitro effects of extracts and purified tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) against two cattle nematodes. Vet Parasitol 2013; 196:532-7. [PMID: 23639199 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a condensed tannin (CT)-containing legume and has anthelmintic potential against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants. This study investigated in vitro effects of acetone/water extracts and derived CT fractions from different types of sainfoin (i.e. accessions) against larvae of Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi by applying the larval feeding inhibition assay (LFIA). Seven sainfoin accessions were extracted and tested with L1 larvae at 10 and 40 μg extract/ml. In addition, CT in extracts from 4 accessions were fractionated according to polymer size and tested by LFIA at two concentrations (2 and 10 μg CT fraction/ml). All sainfoin extracts caused significant inhibition of L1-feeding of both C. oncophora and O. ostertagi with varying intensity compared to the control (phosphate buffered saline). For both nematode species the in vitro effect was positively correlated with CT content in the extracts, but not with any of the structural CT parameters. In contrast, the 16 CT fractions revealed significant correlations between in vitro effect and CT content, polymer size (mean degree of polymerisation, mDP) and monomeric composition (prodelphinidin percentage, % PD). These differences between crude extracts and purified fractions may stem from the fact that extracts contain complex CT mixtures, which may mask and thus suppress CT structural effects. This study provides the first indication that, apart from CT and % PD content, polymer size also contributes to anthelmintic activity of CTs. The results, therefore, suggest that the inter-accession variability in CT content and composition needs to be taken into account in future plant breeding programmes which seek to enhance the anthelmintic properties of sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Novobilský
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Section of Parasitology, Health and Development, Dyrlaegevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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19
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Holderness J, Hedges JF, Ramstead A, Jutila MA. Comparative biology of γδ T cell function in humans, mice, and domestic animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2013; 1:99-124. [PMID: 25387013 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are a functionally heterogeneous population and contribute to many early immune responses. The majority of their activity is described in humans and mice, but the immune systems of all jawed vertebrates include the γδ T cell lineage. Although some aspects of γδ T cells vary between species, critical roles in early immune responses are often conserved. Common features of γδ T cells include innate receptor expression, antigen presentation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Herein we compare studies describing these conserved γδ T cell functions and other, potentially unique, functions. γδ T cells are well documented for their potential immunotherapeutic properties; however, these proposed therapies are often focused on human diseases and the mouse models thereof. This review consolidates some of these studies with those in other animals to provide a consensus for the current understanding of γδ T cell function across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Holderness
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717; , , ,
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20
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Skinner MA, Bentley-Hewitt K, Rosendale D, Naoko S, Pernthaner A. Effects of kiwifruit on innate and adaptive immunity and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2013; 68:301-320. [PMID: 23394995 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394294-4.00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of an adequate and properly regulated immune system is essential for health and well-being. Components in food may modulate immune responses in a positive way (immunonutrition), and some of these components are present in kiwifruit. Kiwifruit contains vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, and dietary fiber, and these are all potentially beneficial to the immune system. Research that has contributed to our understanding of the beneficial effects that kiwifruit may have on immune responses spans from in vitro studies using cell lines and human blood cells, to using animal models targeting both mucosal and systemic immunity. Some limited human intervention trials have been undertaken and are described, in which kiwifruit has been shown to influence a number of biomarkers of oxidative stress and beneficial immune responses, to reduce the incidence and severity of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and potentially be more beneficial than supplementation with vitamin C alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot A Skinner
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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