1
|
Pasciucco E, Pasciucco F, Iannelli R, Pecorini I. A Fenton-based approach at neutral and un-conditioned pH for recalcitrant COD removal in tannery wastewater: Experimental test and sludge characterization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172070. [PMID: 38554952 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The combination of raw animal skin manufacturing processes involves the use of large amounts of chemicals, resulting in the generation of complex and highly polluted tannery wastewater. In this context, the high concentration of chloride in tannery wastewater represents a crucial bottleneck. Indeed, sodium chloride, commonly used in tannery industry to prevent skin rot, increases the concentration of chlorides up to 50 %. At the same time, most of the advanced oxidation processes usually employed in tannery wastewater treatment to remove recalcitrant COD involve the use of conditioning agents, thus increasing the overall concentration of chlorides in the treated effluent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical peroxidation process (ECP) efficiency in the treatment of tannery wastewater without changing pH, to improve Fenton technology by avoiding the use of chemicals. The influence of different electric currents on COD and color removal was investigated. The characterization of the produced sludge was conducted through FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis, exploring the morphology and composition of precipitate, depending on the applied current. Although an electrical current of 750 mA yields the highest COD and color removal efficiency (69.7 % and 97.8 %, respectively), 500 mA can be considered the best compromise because of energy consumptions. Iron oxides and hydroxides were generated during the ECP process, playing the role of coagulants through the absorption of organic and inorganic contaminants. The consumption of energy increased as a function of time and applied current; however, cost analysis showed that the electrodes contributed the most to the total cost of the process. In authors' knowledge, the application of ECP process as a tertiary treatment for the removal of recalcitrant COD in tannery wastewater represents a novelty in the literature and the results obtained can be considered as the basis for scaling up the process in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Via C.F. Gabba 22, Pisa, Tuscany 56122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Randazzo S, Geagea A, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Oxidation of organics in water by active chlorine performed in microfluidic electrochemical reactors: a new way to improve the performances of the process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141855. [PMID: 38570051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater polluted by organics can be treated by using electro-generated active chlorine, even if this promising route presents some important drawbacks such as the production of chlorinated by-products. Here, for the first time, this process was studied in a microfluidic electrochemical reactor with a very small inter-electrode distance (145 μm) using a water solution of NaCl and phenol and a BDD anode. The potential production of chloroacetic acids, chlorophenols, carboxylic acids, chlorate and perchlorate was carefully evaluated. It was shown, for the first time, up to our knowledge, that the use of the microfluidic device allows to perform the treatment under a continuous mode and to achieve higher current efficiencies and a lower generation of some important by-products such as chlorate and perchlorate. As an example, the use of the microfluidic apparatus equipped with an Ag cathode allowed to achieve a high removal of total organic carbon (about 76%) coupled with a current efficiency of 17% and the production of a small amount of chlorate (about 30 ppm) and no perchlorate. The effect of many parameters (namely, flow rate, current density and nature of cathode) was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Randazzo
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ange Geagea
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Proietto
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Viale Delle Scienze, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Yu Z, Zhang H, Wang H, Tang X, Bai L, Zhang H, Tian Y, Li G, Liang H. Three-compartment membrane electrolyzer combining simultaneous desalination and oxidative degradation in treating nanofiltration concentrate. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121037. [PMID: 38142506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The complex organic and inorganic solutes present in nanofiltration's purification by-product (NF concentrate, NFC) pose challenges to the water processing procedure. To address this, a three-compartment membrane electrolyzer was proposed that facilitates electro-driven ion migration for crystallization alongside synchronous anodic oxidation for organic degradation. With a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5 min and a current exceeding 50 mA, the system effectively separated over 25 % of inorganic salts and accomplished reclamation through crystallization in the concentration compartment. Simultaneously, it achieved oxidation of pollutants by more than 35 % based on the total nitrogen index and removed upwards of 15 % of organic carbon. Notably, the efficiency of pollutant removal correlated strongly with the intensity of the current. Furthermore, this study uncovered two issues encountered during the electrochemical process: membrane fouling and electrode fouling. During concentration, metal cations readily formed organic pollution by complexing with organic pollutants, while the crystallization of inorganics on the surface of anion exchange membranes emerged as a pivotal factor hindering current enhancement, similar to the formation of deposited salt in a solution. Long HRT can lead to electrode contamination and corrosion which subsequently affect current efficiency. Energy consumption verified the feasibility of the electrolyzer for NFC processing. Based on our findings, a current intensity of 100 mA (equivalent to a density of 8 mA/cm2) was deemed optimal, striking a balance between pollutant removal and various limiting factors associated with each pollutant. Consequently, this innovative advancement in membrane electrolyzers helps in overcoming limitations in synergistic desalination, ion recovery, and organic removal, establishing a fundamental component of the abbreviated flow process for future NFC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhangjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu H, Hong X, Chen J, Lin X, Wang B, Xiong Y. Electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydrofurfuryl acohol on boron-doped diamond anode: Influence of current density and electrolyte solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140396. [PMID: 37820875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a widely applied raw materials, intermediate and solvent in the fields of agricultural, industry (especially in nuclear industry), is a potentially hazardous and non-biodegradable pollutant in wastewater. In this study, the electrochemical degradation pathways of THFA by a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with different current density (jappl = 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2) and electrolyte solution (KNO3, KCl and K2SO4) was carefully investigated. The results exhibit that high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and mineralization rates were achieved by rapid non-selective oxidation in electrolyte solutions mediated by hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) and active chlorine (sulfate) under constant current electrolysis. In-depth data analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, the underlying removal pathways of THFA in KNO3, KCl and K2SO4 electrolyte solutions are proposed according to the effect of different mineralization mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Hong
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Jingshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Xu Lin
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China; School of Materials & Chemistry, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, 621010, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Wu X, Yang S, Xue G, Gong C, Wang L, Duan X, Wang Y, Tian G, Zhan S. Degradation of bisphenol A by persulfate activation of MoS 2 composite iron tailings. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1927-1943. [PMID: 37906450 PMCID: wst_2023_321 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, molybdenum disulfide was grown on the surface of iron-containing tailings by hydrothermal method, and a series of highly efficient activated persulfate (PMS) iron-based catalysts were successfully prepared. The results show that in the CTM 1-200/PMS system, the additional ratio of tailings and the hydrothermal temperature have important effects on the catalyst. The catalyst prepared under the conditions of CT:MoS2 (molar ratio 1:1) and hydrothermal temperature of 200 °C (CTM 1-200) had the best degradation effect on BPA, and the degradation effect was increased by four times. The reason for the improvement of degradation efficiency is that the introduction of MoS2 accelerates the REDOX cycle between Fe(II)/Fe(III), and the reduction of Fe(III) is mainly related to Mo(IV), while the reduction capacity of S is relatively weak. Molybdenum disulfide/iron tailing composite material provides a way for tailings to solve the problem of water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Cairong Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xinhui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Guangyan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Cheng L, Huang L, Ng PH, Huang Q, Marques AR, MacKinnon B, Huang L, Yang Y, Ye R, Sophie SH. In situ generation of highly localized chlorine by laser-induced graphene electrodes during electrochemical disinfection. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139123. [PMID: 37285986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has gained popularity for electrochemical water disinfection due to its efficient antimicrobial activity when activated with low voltages. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of LIG electrodes is not yet fully understood. This study demonstrated an array of mechanisms working synergistically to inactivate bacteria during electrochemical treatment using LIG electrodes, including the generation of oxidants, changes in pH-specifically high alkalinity associated with the cathode, and electro-adsorption on the electrodes. All these mechanisms may contribute to the disinfection process when bacteria are close to the surface of the electrodes where inactivation was independent of the reactive chlorine species (RCS); however, RCS was likely responsible for the predominant cause of antibacterial effects in the bulk solution (i.e., ≥100 mL in our study). Furthermore, the concentration and diffusion kinetics of RCS in solution was voltage-dependent. At 6 V, RCS achieved a high concentration in water, while at 3 V, RCS was highly localized on the LIG surface but not measurable in water. Despite this, the LIG electrodes activated by 3 V achieved a 5.5-log reduction in Escherichia coli (E.coli) after 120-min electrolysis without detectable chlorine, chlorate, or perchlorate in the water, suggesting a promising system for efficient, energy-saving, and safe electro-disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Le Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Liqing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Pok Him Ng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Qianjun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Ana Rita Marques
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Brett MacKinnon
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Libei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Yefeng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| | - St-Hilaire Sophie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR PR China, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Z, Wang H, Zhou Q, Liang B, Li M, Wang P, Zhan S. Energy efficient portable air cathode electrochlorinator for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130793. [PMID: 36731314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Active chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant for water disinfection as well as surface sterilization. Here, we report an air cathode electrochlorinator for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater. The air cathode dominated by a four-electron pathway to reduce O2 to OH- was more suitable for chlorine synthesis than through a two-electron pathway to H2O2, which could reduce chlorine back to chloride ions. The minimum driving potential of the air cathode electrochlorinator was as low as 0.94 V, which made it possible to be directly powered by a piece of commercial mini photovoltaic solar panel without electronic converter. Under the cell voltage of 2 V, the Faraday current efficiency was 82.0 % and the electrical energy required to produce 1 kg active chlorine was estimated to be only 1.75 kWh. The normalized energy consumption to disinfect simulated toilet wastewater with a pathogen concentration of 107 CFU/mL was estimated to be 7.2 W h/m3. Moreover, the material cost for fabrication of the electrochlorinator was estimated to be less than $ 0.62. These features guarantee the air cathode electrochlorinator of high potential for point-of-use disinfection of toilet wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China; Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| | - Qixing Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China; Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Bolong Liang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingmei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schröder S, Ortiz I, San-Román MF. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the electrochemical oxidation of polluted waters with pharmaceuticals used against COVID-19. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:109305. [PMID: 36647535 PMCID: PMC9833857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.109305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a huge impact on our lives, increasing the consumption of certain pharmaceuticals, and with this, contributing to the intensification of their presence in wastewater and in the environment. This situation demands the implementation of efficient remediation technologies, among them, electrochemical oxidation (ELOX) is one the most applied. This work studies the application of ELOX with the aim of eliminate pharmaceuticals used in the fight against COVID-19, assessing its degradation rate, as well as the risk of formation of toxic trace by-products, such as unintentional POPs like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). To this end, model solutions containing 10 mg L-1 of dexamethasone (DEX), paracetamol (PAR), amoxicillin (AMX), and sertraline (STR) with two different electrolytes (NaCl and Na2SO4) have been evaluated. However, electrochemical systems that contain chloride ions in solution together with PCDD/Fs precursor molecules may lead to the formation of these highly toxic by-products. So, PCDD/Fs were quantified under conditions of complete degradation of the drugs. Furthermore, the presence of PCDD/Fs precursors such as chlorophenols was determined, as well as the role of Cl-, Cl• and SO 4 • - radicals in the formation of the by-products and PCDD/Fs. The maximum measured concentration of PCDD/Fs was around 2700 pg L-1 for the amoxicillin case in NaCl medium. The obtained results emphasise the importance of not underestimating the potential formation of these highly toxic trace by-products, in addition to the correct selection of oxidation processes and operation variables, in order to avoid final higher toxicity in the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schröder
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Ma-Fresnedo San-Román
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, ETSIIyT, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
González-Arias J, de la Rubia MA, Sánchez ME, Gómez X, Cara-Jiménez J, Martínez EJ. Treatment of hydrothermal carbonization process water by electrochemical oxidation: Assessment of process performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114773. [PMID: 36379238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein electrochemical oxidation (EO) is proposed as a novel path to treat the process water obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of olive tree pruning. The aim of this work is to analyze the organic matter removal achieved by the treatment along with the identification of the chemical species formed after the electro-oxidation process at different experimental conditions. Three different tests were performed in a boron doped diamond cell, using Na2SO4 and NaCl as supporting electrolytes to compare the results obtained with the raw process water. The organic matter removal was evaluated by means of total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand, while Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was used to determine the chemical species present before and after the treatment. The addition of a promoter considerably increased the organic matter removal. In fact, the experiments performed using supporting electrolytes showed the best results in terms of organic matter removal compared to the control experiment (30-40% vs. 17%); This reduction agrees with the volatile fatty acids' measurements. Almost all the chemical species identified in the different feedstocks were partially or totally removed after the EO treatment depending on the experimental conditions. The specific energy consumption and the cost calculated for the treatment is highly dependent on the time of electro-oxidation and the supporting electrolyte used, obtaining values from 1 to 45 €/kg CODremoved. All in all, this work suggests an interesting path towards a further utilization of process water from hydrothermal carbonization processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J González-Arias
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
| | - M A de la Rubia
- M.A. de La Rubia. Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M E Sánchez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
| | - X Gómez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
| | - J Cara-Jiménez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
| | - E J Martínez
- Chemical and Environmental Bioprocess Engineering Group, Natural Resources Institute (IRENA), University of León, Av. de Portugal 41, 24009, Leon, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren Q, Yang R, Li J, Yan W, Wang Z, Wu A. Fabrication of Ru/Ir doped TiO
2
electrode for electrocatalytic degradation of phenol. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Junying Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Wenjun Yan
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| | - Ailian Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Investigating the reactivity of TiOx and BDD anodes for electro-oxidation of organic pollutants by experimental and modeling approaches. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Li Z, Li X, Li Y, Li J, Yi Q, Gao F, Wang Z. Efficient removal of micropollutants from low-conductance surface water using an electrochemical Janus ceramic membrane filtration system. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118627. [PMID: 35609428 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical membrane filtration (EMF) technology is effective to remove the micropollutant in the wastewater but its efficacy is drastically compromised in treating the surface water having a typically low conductivity. In this work, a Janus Fe-Pt electrochemical ceramic membrane (ECM) was fabricated by depositing a thin Fe layer on the side of a ceramic membrane facing feed (cathode) and Pt layer on the other side facing permeate (anode). The low Fe-Pt electrode distance (∼1 mm) ensured a decent conductance of the EMF system even in the low-salinity surface water and thereby maintained the removal efficiency of the micropollutant. It was identified that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated via anodic water oxidation and cathodic heterogenous Fenton process on bilateral sides of ECM were the dominant reactive oxygen species. The EMF system not only achieved 74% removal of atrazine (ATZ) from the low-conductance synthetic surface water with a low energy consumption (3.6 Wh per gATZ or 7.2 Wh m - 3), but also realized a stable removal of ATZ from real surface water over a continuous filtration experiment of 168 h. The theoretical computations and experimental analysis identified the degradation pathway, i.e., the dechlorination and dealkylation of ATZ in the EMF system. This study highlights the great potential of the Janus ECM in removing micropollutants from low-conductance surface water and wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiuying Yi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou S, Zhu J, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang W, Yin Z. Defective MOFs-based electrocatalytic self-cleaning membrane for wastewater reclamation: Enhanced antibiotics removal, membrane fouling control and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118635. [PMID: 35609429 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to resolve the poor antibiotics rejection and serious fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane during municipal wastewater reclamation, a novel anodic membrane (defective UiO-66 (D-UiO-66)/Graphite/Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)) with high pure water flux (596.1 L•h - 1•m - 2•bar-1) was fabricated by incorporating defective zirconium based metal-organic framework (D-UiO-66) and conductive graphite particles into PVDF matrix and applied in the coupling of electro-oxidation and membrane filtration process. Compared to the other anodic membranes (i.e., Graphite/PVDF and UiO-66/Graphite/PVDF), D-UiO-66/Graphite/PVDF possesses superior anti-fouling and self-cleaning abilities (flux recovery=100%, model foulant: bovine serum albumin) in both intermittent and continuous supply of electric field under current density of 0.01 mA/cm2; moreover, efficient antibiotics (tetracycline, norfloxacin, tylosin and sulfamethoxazole) removal (> 96.6%) and bactericidal efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus (100%) were achieved simultaneously without the addition of chemical reagents due to the higher electrocatalytic activity of anodic membrane for oxidation of pollutants by •OH and •O2- free radicals. Three degradation pathways of antibiotics were proposed and the self-cleaning mechanism of membrane was dominated by the synergy of the partial mineralization and the reduced fouling potential of foulants after oxidation as revealed by the increase in hydrophilicity, and decrease in negative charge and molecular weight. The fabricated membrane also presents excellent electrochemical stability, separation and self-cleaning performance for treatment of municipal secondary effluent during long-term filtration with low electric energy consumption, which is promising in wastewater reclamation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zunrui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhonglong Yin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun M, Ye Z, Xing D, Xu Z, Zhang C, Fu D. Rethinking electrochemical oxidation of bisphenol A in chloride medium: Formation of toxic chlorinated oligomers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154825. [PMID: 35341842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) had been an active area of research interest within the past 20 years. A major concern about the process lie in the formation of toxic chlorinated aromatic by-products when chloride electrolytes were present in the reaction system. In this contribution, we highlighted the formation of complex poly-chlorinated oligomer by-products in electrochemical oxidation processes, which had often been overlooked in previous studies. Moreover, the distribution and complexity of the chlorinated oligomers were found to be strongly linked to the adopted initial chloride concentration. Formation of simple chlorinated by-products was ascribed to the electrophilic substitution reactions mediated by active chlorine species, while the oligomer by-products (including chlorinated dimers, trimers and tetramers) were generated through the coupling reactions between various chlorinated phenoxy radicals. The possible mechanisms describing the formation of these by-products were also proposed. The obtained results shed light on the possible risk of BDD technology in the treatment of phenolic wastewater containing chloride electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongyuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Degang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu H, Chen R, Liang S, Lei Z, Zheng W, Yan Z, Cao J, Wei C, Feng C. Minimizing toxic chlorinated byproducts during electrochemical oxidation of Ni-EDTA: Importance of active chlorine-triggered Fe(II) transition to Fe(IV). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118548. [PMID: 35561618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of chlorinated byproducts represents a significant threat to the quality of the effluent treated using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), thus spurring investigation into alleviating their production. This study presents a new strategy to minimize the release of chlorinated intermediates during the electrochemical oxidation of Ni-EDTA by establishing a dual mixed metal oxide (MMO)/Fe anode system. The results indicate that the dual-anode system achieved a substantially higher rate (0.141 min-1) of Ni-EDTA destruction and accordingly allowed a more pronounced removal of aqueous Ni (from 39.85 to 0.63 mg L-1) after alkaline precipitation, compared with its single MMO anode (0.017 min-1 of Ni-EDTA removal, with 14.38 mg L-1 Ni remaining) and single Fe anode (insignificant Ni-EDTA removal, with 38.37 mg L-1 Ni remaining) counterparts. Compared to reactive chlorine species (RCS) produced from the single MMO anode system, Fe(IV) was in situ generated from the dual-anode system and was predominantly responsible for the attenuation of chlorinated byproducts and thus the decrease in the acute toxicity of the treated solution (evaluated using luminescent bacteria). The Fe(IV)-dominated dual-anode system also exhibited superior performance in removing multiple pollutants (including organic ligands, Ni, and phosphite) in the real electroless plating effluent. The findings suggest that the strategy for Fe(II) transition to Fe(IV) by active chlorine paves a new avenue for yielding less chlorinated products with lower toxicity when EAOPs are used to treat chloride-containing organic wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Xu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rundong Chen
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sheng Liang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenchao Lei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Zheng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Yan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang S, Pei S, Zhang J, Huang J, You S. Flow-through electrochemical removal of benzotriazole by electroactive ceramic membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118454. [PMID: 35447419 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzotriazole (BTA) is a widely used anticorrosive additive that is of endurance, bioaccumulation and toxicity, and BTA industrial wastewater treatment remains a challenge. This study reports efficient electrochemical removal of BTA by titanium oxide (TiSO) electroactive ceramic membrane (ECM), indicated by 98.1% removal at current density of 20 mA∙cm-2 and permeate flux of 692 LHM under cathode-to-anode flow pattern (1 h). Electrochemical analysis demonstrated the pH-dependent formation of anti-corrosive BTA film on the TiSO anode, which was responsible for improved BTA removal for cathode-to-anode (CA) flow pattern compared with that for anode-to-cathode (AC). The modelling results showed the CA flow pattern to be more favourable for BTA oxidation mediated by electro-generated •OH by preventing the formation of deactivation film via creating an alkaline boundary layer at the anode/electrolyte interface. Intermediates and essential active sites were identified by using experimental analysis and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations, thereby the most likely degradation pathways were underlined. Toxicity analysis revealed remarkable decrease in oral rat LD50 values and bioaccumulation factor during electrochemical degradation of BTA. This study provides a proof-in-concept demonstration of effective removal for anti-corrosive emerging pollutants by TiSO-ECM under flow-through pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Shijie You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Liang H, Huang H, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zheng Q. Performance analysis of a half-batch multi-cell three-dimensional electrode reactor for drilling wastewater: COD removal, energy consumption and hydrodynamic characteristic. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3343-3356. [PMID: 35704415 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although a three-dimensional electrode system (3DES) has made remarkable achievements in improving the property of electrodes and investigating pollutant degradation mechanism, the design of an electrochemical reactor for application in drilling wastewater has not been reported yet. In this study, a novel half-batch multi-cell 3DES reactor was constructed by us to degrade organic compounds from drilling wastewater. The separate effect of electrolysis time, current density, the configuration of granular activated carbon (GAC) electrodes, aeration rate and volumetric recirculation flow on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and energy consumption of the half-batch reactor were analyzed, and further optimization via response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the optimal operation conditions for the reactor included electrolysis time of 100 min, a current density of 9.2 mA/cm2, GAC electrode vertical configuration, an aeration rate of 2.67 L/min and a volumetric recirculation flow of 100 mL/min. Under these conditions, the maximum percentage COD removal was found to be 97.39% with an energy consumption of 77.89 kWh(kg COD)-1. The residence time distribution (RTD) method was carried out in continuous flow pattern to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactor. Results showed that flow rate was the most dominant factor for the flow pattern of the reactor, followed by the aeration rate and current density. The low dispersion number and the percentage of dead volume are 0.214 and 3.87% when the flow rate of 100 mL/min, respectively, which indicates that there is an intermediate flow pattern existing in between plug-flow ideal and complete mixing flow, furthermore, it is close to the plug-flow ideal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Hong Liang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Hong Huang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Qingchun Wang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Youli Yang
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Ave, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hao Y, Ma H, Proietto F, Prestigiacomo C, Peng Fei M, Galia A, Scialdone O. Removal of phenol in water in the presence of NaCl in undivided cells equipped with carbon felt or Ni cathodes: Effect of air pressure. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Hao
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Hongrui Ma
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi\'an Campus: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology School of Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Federica Proietto
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Claudia Prestigiacomo
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Ma Peng Fei
- Università degli Studi di Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria CHINA
| | - Alessandro Galia
- University of Palermo: Universita degli Studi di Palermo Dipartimento di Ingegneria ITALY
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Università Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica viale delle Scienze 90128 Palermo ITALY
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The role of saline-related species in the electrochemical treatment of produced water using Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 anode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Patidar R, Srivastava VC. Ultrasound-assisted electrochemical treatment of cosmetic industry wastewater: Mechanistic and detoxification analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126842. [PMID: 34416687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mineralization of cosmetics producing industrial wastewater (CW) using sono-electrochemical (US-EC) treatments. The influence of operating parameters such as current density (j), electrolyte (Na2SO4) concentration (m), initial pH (pHo), and ultrasonic power was investigated using Ti/RuO2 dimensionally stable electrodes. The results demonstrated 80.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, 433.5 kWh (kg COD removed)-1 of specific energy consumption at the optimum conditions of P = 100 W, j = 213 A m-2, pHo= 7.6 (natural pH), and m = 1.5 g L-1. With the application of ultrasound, COD removal efficiency increases from 60.2% to 80.9%, with a synergistic effect of 1.1. Kinetics study analysis confirms that mineralization follows the nth order kinetics model. In the presence of ultrasound, the performance of electrochemical treatment gets enhanced due to higher electron transfer, the enhanced production of •OH radicals, and sulfate radicals (SO4•-). The pathway for the degradation of the compound was suggested by quadrupole time of flight mass spectroscopy (QToF-MS). The operating cost of the process was also evaluated to establish the applicability of the US-EC process at the industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Patidar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Vimal Chandra Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hao Y, Ma H, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical treatment of wastewater contaminated by organics and containing chlorides: Effect of operative parameters on the abatement of organics and the generation of chlorinated by-products. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Liu YJ, Hu CY, Lo SL. Comparison of the degradation of multiple amine-containing pharmaceuticals during electroindirect oxidation and electrochlorination processes in continuous system. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117517. [PMID: 34391021 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of pharmaceuticals by electrochemical oxidation (EO) in simulated wastewater containing multiple pharmaceuticals was compared between batch and continuous reactors. Despite the excellent efficiencies achieved in batch experiments, the practical/large-scale applications of EO-degrading amine-containing pharmaceuticals has not yet been accomplished. This paper presents the results of continuous experiments with one of the most promising electrochemical configurations of Pt/Ti electrodes before proceeding to application. In the continuous electrooxidation system (without chloride), direct oxidation on the electrode surface and oxidation by hydroxyl radicals were the main pathways. Due to their short lifespans, the radicals could not be transferred to the bulk solution, and the removal of pharmaceuticals followed the order of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) > paracetamol (PAR) > diclofenac (DIC). In the electrochlorination system (with chloride), oxidation by residual chlorine was the main pathway. The removal of pharmaceuticals followed the order of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) > diclofenac (DIC) > paracetamol (PAR). High SMX removal was realized because of the high reaction rate of SMX with free chlorine. Among the pharmaceuticals, PAR had the lowest removal because it is a neutral species with a low mass transfer rate without the attraction of electrostatic force. These results are consistent with the predictions from our previous batch-scale study, which showed that the reaction rate of dissociated compounds could be increased by the addition of electrostatic force. Furthermore, multiple coexisting pharmaceuticals, such as SMX and PAR or DIC, may form dimers that can be transferred to complex structures and cause higher toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Liu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Hu
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lien Lo
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 10673, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Unraveling the role of electrolytes during electrochemical oxidation by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
24
|
Bosio M, de Souza-Chaves BM, Saggioro EM, Bassin JP, Dezotti MWC, Quinta-Ferreira ME, Quinta-Ferreira RM. Electrochemical degradation of psychotropic pharmaceutical compounds from municipal wastewater and neurotoxicity evaluations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23958-23974. [PMID: 33398734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are released daily into surface water, and their recalcitrant properties often require tertiary treatment. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is often used as an alternative way to eliminate these compounds from water, although the literature barely addresses the neurotoxic effects of residual by-products. Therefore, this study investigated the performance of EO in the removal of five CECs (alprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, and carbamazepine) and performed neurotoxicity evaluations of residual EO by-products in Wistar rat brain hippocampal slices. Platinum-coated titanium (Ti/Pt) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were studied as anodes. Different current densities (13-75 A m-2), pH values (3-10), electrolyte dosages (NaCl), and matrix effects were assessed using municipal wastewater (MWW). The drugs were successfully degraded after 5 min of reaction for both the Ti/Pt and BDD electrodes when a current density of 75 A m-2 was applied. For Ti/Pt and BDD, neutral and acidic pH demonstrated better CEC removal performance, respectively. Compound degradation using MWW achieved 40% removal after 120 min for Ti/Pt and ranged between 33 and 52% for the BDD anode. For Ti/Pt, neurotoxicity studies using MWW indicated a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals. However, when an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) medium was reapplied, the signal recovered and increased to a value above the baseline, indicating that cells recovered part of their normal activity but remained in a different condition. For the BDD anode, the treated MWW did not cause significant ROS production variations, suggesting that he EO was effective in eliminating the toxicity of the treated solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Bosio
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre of Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bianca Miguel de Souza-Chaves
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil.
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre of Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Enrico Mendes Saggioro
- Sanitation and Environment Health Department, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Leopoldo Bulhões, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 1480, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bassin
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Márcia W C Dezotti
- Chemical Engineering Program - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Research Centre of Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P-3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) appears to be a popular unit operation in wastewater treatment plant to treat waste activated sludge (WAS) and the produced methane gas can be harvested as renewable energy. However, WAS could inhibit hydrolysis stage during AD and hence pre-treatment is required to overcome the issue. This paper aimed to study the effect of electrochemical pre-treatment (EP) towards efficiency of AD using titanium coated with ruthenium oxide (Ti/RuO2) electrodes. The investigation has been carried out using in-house laboratory batch-scale mesophilic anaerobic digester, mixed under manipulation of important operating parameters. Optimization was performed on EP using response surface methodology and central composite design to maximize sludge disintegration and dewaterability. By operating at optimal conditions (pH 11.65, total solids 22,000 mg/L, electrolysis time 35 min, current density 6 mA/cm2, and 1000 mg/L of sodium chloride), the pre-treated WAS in terms of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) removal, soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), capillary suction time (CST) reduction, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) were 38%, 4800 mg/L (increased from 935 mg/L), 33%, and 218 mg/L, respectively. Following AD, the volatile solids (VS) removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by EP were enhanced from 40.7% and 54.7% to 47.2% and 61.5%, respectively, at steady-state. The biogas produced from control and electrochemical pre-treated WAS were in the ranges of 0.12 to 0.17 and 0.2 to 0.24 m3/kg VSfed, respectively, and the volume of biogas produced was 44–67% over the control. Based on the results obtained, suitability of EP for WAS prior to AD was confirmed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhu X, Hu W, Feng C, Chen N, Chen H, Kuang P, Deng Y, Ma L. Electrochemical oxidation of aniline using Ti/RuO 2-SnO 2 and Ti/RuO 2-IrO 2 as anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128734. [PMID: 33143899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic properties of anode and the electrolyte composition are important parameters influence the degradation efficiency for aniline wastewater. Ti/RuO2-SnO2 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 have been fabricated using thermal decomposition method and experiments in electrolyte containing 0.05 M Na2SO4, 0.05 M NaCl and 0.05 M Na2SO4+0.005 M FeSO4 at different current density were conducted to study the influence on aniline degradation. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) showed that Ti/RuO2-SnO2 had higher oxygen evolution potential and degrade aniline through electrochemical transformation and electrochemical combustion while Ti/RuO2-IrO2 degrade aniline mainly through electrochemical transformation. The study showed that Ti/RuO2-SnO2 had higher electrocatalytic activity towards the degradation of aniline than Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode in 0.05 M Na2SO4 and in 0.05 M NaCl electrolyte. The maximum TOC removal efficiency for Ti/RuO2-SnO2 was 64.2% at 40 mA cm-2 in Na2SO4 electrolyte while the average MCE was 1.6% and the average ECTOC was 1.51 kWh (g TOC)-1. On the contrary, the maximum TOC removal efficiency for Ti/RuO2-IrO2 was 63.1% at 40 mA cm-2 in NaCl electrolyte while the average MCE was 1.6% and the average ECTOC was 1.95 kWh (g TOC)-1. The presence of Fe2+ in Na2SO4 electrolyte would decrease the TOC removal efficiency except at low current density (20 mA cm-2) for Ti/RuO2-SnO2. These results indicated that Ti/RuO2-SnO2 and Ti/RuO2-IrO2 anode were suitable in Na2SO4 and NaCl electrolyte, respectively, while the presence of Fe2+ would inhibit aniline degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; The Journal Center, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Peijing Kuang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No.29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu J, Ayele BA, Liu X, Chen Q. Electrochemical removal of RRX-3B in residual dyeing liquid with typical engineered carbonaceous cathodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111669. [PMID: 33234317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electro-catalytic activities of carbonaceous cathodes including graphite plate, graphite felt, carbon felt, activated carbon felt (ACF) and carbon fiber felt (CFF) for degradation of Reactive Red X-3B (RRX-3B) in residual dyeing liquid were compared. The best electrochemical performance was obtained using dimensional stable anode (DSA) and CFF cathode due to the higher capacity for electro-generation of H2O2 by selective two-electron oxygen reduction. The CFF/DSA electrolysis system realized 78.2% COD removal and complete decolorization over a wide pH range. The efficacy of RRX-3B degradation was found to be dependent on the nature of carbonaceous materials. Electrochemical measurements showed that CFF possessed higher electrochemical surface area and hydrogen evolution reaction over-potential. Furthermore, the intrinsic graphitic N in CFF was proved to be catalytic active site by DFT calculations. Reactive Red X-3B degradation intermediates with benzene structures and carboxylic acids via hydroxylation in RRX-3B oxidation were identified by GC-MS. It was found that S/Cl/N-containing groups in RRX-3B molecule were mineralized to SO42-, NO3- and Cl- ions in the electrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Befkadu A Ayele
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Quanyuan Chen
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China; Shanghai Institution of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fabrication of a stable Ti/Pb-TiOxNWs/PbO2 anode and its application in benzoquinone degradation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
29
|
Bensalah N, Midassi S, Ahmad MI, Bedoui A. Degradation of hydroxychloroquine by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2020; 402:126279. [PMID: 32834760 PMCID: PMC7363609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the degradation of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) drug in aqueous solution by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes including electrochemical oxidation (EO) using boron doped diamond (BDD) and its combination with UV irradiation (photo-assisted electrochemical oxidation, PEO) and sonication (sono-assisted electrochemical oxidation, SEO) was investigated. EO using BDD anode achieved the complete depletion of HCQ from aqueous solutions in regardless of HCQ concentration, current density, and initial pH value. The decay of HCQ was more rapid than total organic carbon (TOC) indicating that the degradation of HCQ by EO using BDD anode involves successive steps leading to the formation of organic intermediates that end to mineralize. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the release chloride (Cl-) ions at the first stages of HCQ degradation. In addition, the organic nitrogen was converted mainly into NO3 - and NH4 + and small amounts of volatile nitrogen species (NH3 and NOx). Chromatography analysis confirmed the formation of 7-chloro-4-quinolinamine (CQLA), oxamic and oxalic acids as intermediates of HCQ degradation by EO using BDD anode. The combination of EO with UV irradiation or sonication enhances the kinetics and the efficacy of HCQ oxidation. PEO requires the lowest energy consumption (EC) of 63 kWh/m3 showing its cost-effectiveness. PEO has the potential to be an excellent alternative method for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated with HCQ drug and its derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Bensalah
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Sondos Midassi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad I Ahmad
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, PO Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Bedoui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6072, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carneiro JF, Aquino JM, Silva BF, Silva AJ, Rocha-Filho RC. Comparing the electrochemical degradation of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin using distinct electrolytes and a BDD anode: evolution of main oxidation byproducts and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 8:104433. [PMID: 32953450 PMCID: PMC7487200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the supporting electrolytes (SEs) Na2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, NaNO3, and Na3PO4 on the anodic oxidation of norfloxacin (NOR) and ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), assessed by the respective degradation kinetics and byproducts and electrolyzed solution antimicrobial activity, are compared. Galvanostatic anodic oxidations were performed in a filter-press flow cell fitted with a boron-doped diamond anode. Removal rates higher than the theoretical one for a process purely controlled by mass transfer were found for all SEs, indicative of contribution by indirect oxidation processes. However, the removal rates for NaCl were about tenfold higher, with the lowest energy consumption per order (EC O) of targeted pollutant removal rate (ca. 0.7 kW h m-3 order-1), a very competitive performance. The TOC removal rates were also affected by the SE, but not as markedly. The antimicrobial activity of the electrolyzed solutions against Escherichia coli showed distinct temporal profiles, depending on the fluoroquinolone and SE. For instance, when Na3PO4 was used, the antimicrobial activity was completely removed for NOR, but none for CIPRO; conversely, when NaCl was used, complete removal was attained only for CIPRO. From LC-MS/MS analyses of Na3PO4 electrolyzed solutions, rupture of the fluoroquinolone ring leading to byproducts with no toxicity against E. coli occurred only for NOR, whereas exactly the opposite occurred for the NaCl solutions. Clearly, the nature of both the SE and the fluoroquinolone influence the oxidation steps of the respective molecule; this was also evidenced by the distinct short-chain carboxylic acids identified in the degradation of NOR and CIPRO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussara F Carneiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Silva
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson J Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Romeu C Rocha-Filho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, C.P. 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ferreira M, Kuzniarska-Biernacka I, Fonseca AM, Neves IC, Soares OS, Pereira MF, Figueiredo JL, Parpot P. Electrochemical oxidation of amoxicillin on carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube supported metal modified electrodes. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Saha P, Bruning H, Wagner TV, Rijnaarts HHM. Removal of organic compounds from cooling tower blowdown by electrochemical oxidation: Role of electrodes and operational parameters. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127491. [PMID: 32650167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of cooling tower blowdown (CTBD) in the cooling tower itself requires CTBD deionization and a pre-treatment before deionization to remove organic compounds (OCs) that induce membrane fouling. This study assesses the potential of electrochemical oxidation (EO) with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) and a Ti/RuO2 mixed-metal oxide (MMO) anode for CTBD pre-treatment. Also, the influence of the applied current density (j), initial pH, hydrodynamic conditions, and supporting electrolyte on the process performance was evaluated. Results show that COD and TOC removal were 85 and 51%, respectively, with the BDD-anode; however, they were 50 and 12% with MMO-anode at a j-value of 8.7 mA cm-2 and neutral pH. An increased j-value increased the COD and TOC removal; however, different pHs, hydrodynamic conditions, and the addition of supporting electrolytes had a minor impact on the removal with both anodes. Liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection analysis showed that the OC in CTBD mainly consisted of humic substances (HS). EO with the BDD-anode resulted in 35% HS mineralization, while the rest of the HS were partially oxidized into low molecular weight compounds and building blocks. However, HS mineralization was limited with the MMO-anode. The mineralization and oxidation were accompanied by the formation of organic and inorganic chlorinated species. These species increased the toxicity to Vibrio fischeri 20-fold compared to the initially low-toxic CTBD. Thus, EO with a BDD-anode is a promising pre-treatment technology for the removal of OCs before CTBD deionization, but measures to minimize the chlorinated species formation are required before its application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Saha
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Harry Bruning
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas V Wagner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Huub H M Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Electrochemical stability on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide ionic liquid for dye sensitized solar cell application. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
34
|
Fernández-Aguirre MG, Berenguer R, Beaumont S, Nuez M, La Rosa-Toro A, Peralta-Hernández JM, Morallón E. The generation of hydroxyl radicals and electro-oxidation of diclofenac on Pt-doped SnO2–Sb electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
Ma P, Hao X, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Assisted reverse electrodialysis for CO2 electrochemical conversion and treatment of wastewater: A new approach towards more eco-friendly processes using salinity gradients. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
36
|
Ma P, Hao X, Galia A, Scialdone O. Development of a process for the treatment of synthetic wastewater without energy inputs using the salinity gradient of wastewaters and a reverse electrodialysis stack. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125994. [PMID: 32035382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical processes are considered very effective methods for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organics resistant to conventional biological processes and various inorganic pollutants. Large sites that treat wastewaters usually deal with a large number of waters often characterized by different salinity contents, that could be potentially used to provide the energy necessary for the electrochemical remediation. Hence, in this work a reverse electrodialysis (RED) process for the treatment of synthetic wastewaters contaminated by organics, without energy inputs, using the salinity gradient of different wastewaters, was studied, for the first time. It was found that two synthetic wastewaters with different NaCl content can be effectively used in a RED system to drive anodic and cathodic processes for the removal of their organic contents without external energy supplies. The effects of salinity gradient, external resistance and set-up of the process was evaluated. Under optimized operating conditions, a fast and high removal of TOC (about 70% every hour) in the anodic compartment and a good stability of operating conditions for all the monitored time (10 h) were achieved. In addition, about 67% of the solution with high salinity used in the stack to provide the salinity gradient was effectively treated in the anodic compartment of the stack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università̀; Degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy; Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xiaogang Hao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università̀; Degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università̀; Degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Improvement of electrochemical oxidation efficiency through combination with adsorption processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110364. [PMID: 32250826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-step process (adsorption-desorption-electrolysis) is evaluated as an interesting approach for the removal of organochlorinated compounds (clopyralid, lindane and perchloroethylene) with different physical properties (solubility and vapor pressure) from low concentrated wastewater. First steps are based on the adsorptive capacity of granular active carbon (GAC) particles to retain organics and on the solvent capacity of methanol to extract them to concentrated solution and regenerate GAC. In the last step of electrolysis with conductive diamond electrodes, the degradation of pesticide is projected, as well as the recovery of methanol. Results show that clopyralid, lindane and PCE are efficiently retained in GAC, although adsorption efficiency depend on pollutant/GAC ratio and physicochemical properties of pollutant. Pretreatment allows the concentration of clopyralid and PCE solutions up to 8 times, but worse results are obtained in case of lindane solutions. Electrolysis of concentrated methanol solution seems to be more efficient than electrolysis of diluted aqueous wastes, mainly in the case of clopyralid. In all cases, electrochemical degradation fits a first order kinetics confirming mixed oxidation mechanisms with diffusion control of the direct processes and mediated oxidation. Results obtained in terms of current efficiency and energy consumption of electrolysis step point out the lower operation cost of concentrated liquid wastes and encourage further works on the development of cost-effective combined processes for the treatment of diluted solutions polluted with polar compounds (such as clopyralid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shao D, Zhang Y, Lyu W, Zhang X, Tan G, Xu H, Yan W. A modular functionalized anode for efficient electrochemical oxidation of wastewater: Inseparable synergy between OER anode and its magnetic auxiliary electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:122174. [PMID: 31999960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) anodes, (e.g., IrO2) are well-known inefficient catalysts for electrochemical oxidation (EO) of refractory organics in wastewater due to the high energy consumption via OER. However, in this study this kind of anode participated in a very effective EO process via a specific modular anode architecture. Traces of magnetic Fe3O4/Sb-SnO2 particles as auxiliary electrodes (AEs) were attracted on the surface of the two-dimensional (2D) Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 by a NdFeB magnet, and thereby constituted a new magnetically assembled electrode (MAE). MAE could be renewed by recycling its AEs. The electrochemical properties as well as the EO performances of the MAE could be regulated by adjusting the loading amount of AEs. Results showed that even a small amount of AEs could increase surface roughness and offer massive effective active sites. When removing color of azo dye Acid Red G, the optimal MAE exhibited ∼1100 % and ∼500 % higher efficiencies than 2D Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and 2D Ti/Sb-SnO2, respectively. The superiority of the MAE was also applicable in degrading phenol. The synergy between Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 and magnetic Sb-SnO2 particles was therefore discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Magro C, Mateus EP, Paz-Garcia JM, Ribeiro AB. Emerging organic contaminants in wastewater: Understanding electrochemical reactors for triclosan and its by-products degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125758. [PMID: 31931309 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradation technologies applied to emerging organic contaminants from human activities are one of the major water challenges in the contamination legacy. Triclosan is an emerging contaminant, commonly used as antibacterial agent in personal care products. Triclosan is stable, lipophilic and it is proved to have ecotoxicologic effects in organics. This induces great concern since its elimination in wastewater treatment plants is not efficient and its by-products (e.g. methyl-triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) are even more hazardous to several environmental compartments. This work provides understanding of two different electrochemical reactors for the degradation of triclosan and its derivative by-products in effluent. A batch reactor and a flow reactor (mimicking a secondary settling tank in a wastewater treatment plant) were tested with two different working anodes: Ti/MMO and Nb/BDD. The degradation efficiency and kinetics were evaluated to find the best combination of current density, electrodes and set-up design. For both reactors the best electrode combination was achieved with Ti/MMO as anode. The batch reactor at 7 mA/cm2 during 4 h attained degradation rates below the detection limit for triclosan and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and, 94% and 43% for 2,4-dichlorophenol and methyl triclosan, respectively. The flow reactor obtained, in approximately 1 h, degradation efficiencies between 41% and 87% for the four contaminants. This study suggests an alternative technology for emerging organic contaminants degradation, since the combination of a low current density with the flow and matrix induced disturbance increases and speeds up the compounds' elimination in a real environmental matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Magro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Juan M Paz-Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Teatinos Campus, 29010, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica Campus, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ferreira MB, Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Improving biotreatability of hazardous effluents combining ZVI, electrolysis and photolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136647. [PMID: 31955107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nine types of combination advanced oxidation processes/zero-valent iron (AOP-ZVI) were tested, in order to determine if any of these combinations demonstrate good chances as pretreatment for the biological degradation processes of organochlorinated pollutants. To do this, the changes undergone in the respirometric behavior, toxicity and short-term biodegradability were compared. The three AOPs studied were anodic oxidation with mixed metal oxides anodes (AO-MMO), with boron doped diamond anodes (AO-BDD) and photolysis and they were evaluated in three different modes: without any addition of ZVI, with ZVI-dehalogenation as pre-treatment and with ZVI-dehalogenation simultaneous to the AOP treatment. Clopyralid has been used as a model of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutant. Results show that technologies proposed can successfully treat wastes polluted with clopyralid and the biological characteristics of the waste are significantly modified by dehalogenating the waste with ZVI, either previously to the treatment or simultaneously to the treatment, being the information provided by the three techniques very important in order to evaluate later combinations of the advanced oxidation technologies with biological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Barbosa Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario 3000, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario 3000, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Electrolytic Oxidation as a Sustainable Method to Transform Urine into Nutrients. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the transformation of urine into nutrients using electrolytic oxidation in a single-compartment electrochemical cell in galvanostatic mode was investigated. The electrolytic oxidation was performed using thin film anode materials: boron-doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The transformation of urine into nutrients was confirmed by the release of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) ions during electrolytic treatment of synthetic urine aqueous solutions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) during electrolytic treatment confirmed the conversion of organic pollutants into biocompatible substances. Higher amounts of NO3− and NH4+ were released by electrolytic oxidation using BDD compared to DSA anodes. The removal of COD and TOC was faster using BDD anodes at different current densities. Active chlorine and chloramines were formed during electrolytic treatment, which is advantageous to deactivate any pathogenic microorganisms. Larger quantities of active chlorine and chloramines were measured with DSA anodes. The control of chlorine by-products to concentrations lower than the regulations require can be possible by lowering the current density to values smaller than 20 mA/cm2. Electrolytic oxidation using BDD or DSA thin film anodes seems to be a sustainable method capable of transforming urine into nutrients, removing organic pollution, and deactivating pathogens.
Collapse
|
42
|
Dionisio D, Santos LH, Rodrigo MA, Motheo AJ. Electro-oxidation of methyl paraben on DSA®-Cl2: UV irradiation, mechanistic aspects and energy consumption. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Santos GOS, Eguiluz KIB, Salazar-Banda GR, Saez C, Rodrigo MA. Photoelectrolysis of clopyralid wastes with a novel laser-prepared MMO-RuO 2TiO 2 anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125455. [PMID: 31790985 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the applicability of a novel laser-prepared mixed metal oxide (MMO-RuO2TiO2) anode in the photoelectrochemical degradation of clopyralid, a toxic and biorefractory herbicide. Results are compared to those obtained using the well-known boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and demonstrate that, although the electrolysis with diamond is more effective than that obtained with the new electrode, the irradiation of UVC light makes the novel MMO material more effective in chloride media. It was explained in terms of the homolysis of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite to form chloride and hydroxyl radicals. Photoelectrochemical degradation with MMO produced a marked synergistic effect in TOC removal, especially in the presence of chloride ions. On the contrary, for the BDD anode, at the tested conditions, antagonisms were found in both sulfate and chloride media. These important synergisms allows finding conditions in which the novel anode can be competitive with the BDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géssica O S Santos
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LEN), Research and Technology Institute (ITP), Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Katlin I B Eguiluz
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LEN), Research and Technology Institute (ITP), Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Salazar-Banda
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory (LEN), Research and Technology Institute (ITP), Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Processes Engineering Post-graduation - PEP, Universidade Tiradentes, 49037-580, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Cristina Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cyclophosphamide Neutralization in Wastewaters Using an Asymmetric Current Density Electrochemical Microreactor. REVISTA DE CHIMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.37358/rc.19.12.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alkylating antineoplastic agents used in modern oncological treatments constitute noteworthy environmental hazards with a great long-term impact on human health. This paper introduces an asymmetric current density electrochemical microreactor specifically designed to neutralize alkylating cytostatic drugs from wastewaters. The reactor is based on the principle of anodic electro-oxidation (AEO) and on chemical oxidation via anode-generated chlorine reactive species (CRS). The design of this electrochemical reactor facilitates very good (approx. 99%) neutralization yields for the substance used in this study.
Keywords: electrochemical reactor, asymmetric current density, cytostatic drug waste, electrooxidation
Collapse
|
45
|
Kang JH, Yoon Y, Song J. Effects of pH on the simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in a combined absorption and electro-oxidation system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121011. [PMID: 31446347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biogas commonly contains both H2S and NH3, and these impurities need to be removed before use. In this study, a combined system consisting of an absorption column and an electro-oxidation reactor was developed to simultaneously treat H2S and NH3. In particular, the effect of the pH (6, 8, and 10) on the system performance was investigated. The mass transfer rate of H2S from the gas to liquid phases was sensitive to pH because of its relatively low solubility at low pHs, while more than 99% of the introduced NH3 was steadily absorbed. Therefore, a pH higher than 8 was favorable for the simultaneous removal of both gases. In the electro-oxidation reactor, H2S was primarily oxidized, while the NH3 oxidation started after H2S was completely eliminated. Furthermore, the oxidation rate and current efficiency of both H2S and NH3 increased with decreasing pH value. The results showed that a low pH was advantageous for the electro-oxidation. In conclusion, the mass transfer rate and oxidation kinetics should be balanced to increase the simultaneous removal of H2S and NH3. Therefore, among the tested pH values, the best performance in the combined system was achieved using a pH of 8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHyeon Song
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Deng Y, Chen N, Feng C, Wang H, Zheng Y, Chen F, Lu W, Kuang P, Feng H, Gao Y, Hu W. Degradation of nitrogen-containing refractory organic wastewater using a novel alternating-anode electrochemical system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134161. [PMID: 32380621 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presented a novel alternating-anode electrochemical system (AAES) based on single electrolytic cell for the treatment of nitrogen-containing refractory organic wastewater (NOW). The core of AAES lies in the alternating working of iron anode and DSA anode to integrate different electrochemical processes. The biologically treated landfill leachate (BTLL) was selected as a practical NOW for assessing the performance of AAES. The results indicated that after 140 min of electrolytic reaction, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen (TN) using AAES was found to be 76.9 and 98.9%, respectively. The main component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in BTLL included humic-like substances, which could be degraded into small-molecule DOM, such as fulvic-like substances and protein-like substances, by available chlorine and hydroxyl radicals present in AAES. Cathode reduction (NOx--N → NH4+-N and N2) under iron anode and indirect oxidation (NH4+-N → N2) under DSA anode were the main pathways to remove TN from NOW. Owing to the redox conditions created by the alternating anodes, the main stable crystalline forms of precipitates obtained from AAES were Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3, which could be separated by using the external magnetic field. The findings of this study may provide a feasible solution for the advanced electrochemical treatment of NOW in a single electrolytic cell as well as rapid separation of precipitates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Deng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Haishuang Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fangxin Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Wang Lu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Peijing Kuang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hanguang Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Journal Center, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sandoval MA, Zúñiga‐Mallea N, Espinoza LC, Vidal J, Jara‐Ulloa P, Salazar R. Decolorization and Degradation of a Mixture of Industrial Azo Dyes by Anodic Oxidation Using a Ti/Ru
0.3
Ti
0.7
O
2
(DSA‐Cl
2
) Electrode. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio AmbientalLEQMA. Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaDivisión de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N 36050 Guanajuato Guanajuato México
| | - Nury Zúñiga‐Mallea
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio AmbientalLEQMA. Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago Chile
| | - L. Carolina Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio AmbientalLEQMA. Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago Chile
| | - Jorge Vidal
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio AmbientalLEQMA. Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago Chile
| | - Paola Jara‐Ulloa
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica y Superficies ModificadasUniversidad Andres Bello Avenida República 330, Santiago Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio AmbientalLEQMA. Departamento de Química de los MaterialesFacultad de Química y BiologíaUniversidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Smaili F, Benchettara A. Electrocatalytic Efficiency of PbO2 in Water Decontamination. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of the Rhodamine B dye (Rh-B) was carried out using dimensionally stable type anode (DSA, Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2). The work was performed using the electrochemical flow cell system. The effect of several operating factors, such as supporting electrolytes, current density, electrolysis time, temperature, and initial concentration of Rh-B dye, were investigated. The UV-visible spectroscopy and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were conducted to monitor the removal and degradation of Rh-B. The best color removal achieved was found to be 98.3% after 10 min applying 3.9 mA·cm−2 as a current density using 0.07 mol·L−1 of NaCl. Meanwhile, the highest COD removal rate (93.0%) was obtained for an applied current density of 3.9 mA·cm−2 as the optimal operating condition after 180 min reaction time, with 2.98 kW h·m−3 as energy consumption. This shows that the best conditions for color removal are not certainly the same as those for the COD removal. The rises in the concentration of NaCl, and applied current increased the Rh-B color removal rate. The decline in Rh-B dye concentration followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained values of apparent rate constant were increased by increasing chloride ion concentration. It is concluded that the electro-oxidation on DSA electrode using a flow cell is a suitable process for the removal of Rh-B dye in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
|
50
|
Silveira JE, Zazo JA, Casas JA. Coupled heat-activated persulfate - Electrolysis for the abatement of organic matter and total nitrogen from landfill leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:47-51. [PMID: 31447026 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work analyzes the viability of a coupled heat-activated persulfate (PS) and electro-oxidation treatment toabatetheorganic matter and nitrogen from ahigh polluted landfill leachate (5500 mg L-1 TOC; 5849 mg L-1 TN, pH: 8.4). These characteristics makes PS as a suitable oxidant to deal with the recalcitrant organic matter. Under the optimal conditions (70 °C and 60% of the stoichiometric amount of PS), around 60% of the initial organic load was mineralized. On the contrary, the nitrogen removal was below 20%. A subsequent electrolytic stage using Ti/IrO2-TaO2 anode at 175 mA cm-2 and 0.42 M NaCl during 60 min, led to overall organic matter and nitrogen removal above 85% and 90%, respectively, with energy requirement of 38 kWh per kg of nitrogen removed. In this sense, the combined process achieves a significant reduction in terms of energy consumption, up to one fifth in relation to sole electrolysis. These results confirm the feasibility of this combined process to treat landfill leachate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson E Silveira
- Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan A Zazo
- Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Casas
- Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|