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Yan Y, Qian J, Liu Y, Hu J, Lu B, Zhao S, Jin S, He Y, Xu K. Short-term exposure to triclocarban alters microbial community composition and metabolite profiles in freshwater biofilms. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142674. [PMID: 38908443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC), an emerging contaminant in water environments, its effects on freshwater biofilms remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of TCC exposure (at concentrations of 10 μg L-1 and 10 mg L-1) on mature freshwater biofilms. TCC was found to inhibit biofilm activity as evidenced by changes in surface morphology and the ratio of live/dead cells. Moreover, both concentrations of TCC were observed to modify the structure of the biofilm community. Metabolomics analysis revealed an overlap in the toxicity mechanisms and detoxification strategies triggered by various concentrations of TCC in biofilms. However, the higher toxicity induced by 10 mg L-1 TCC resulted from the downregulation of proline betaine, disrupting the homeostasis of cellular osmotic pressure regulation in biofilms. Notably, lipid and lipid-like molecules showed high sensitivity to different concentrations of TCC, indicating their potential as biomarkers for TCC exposure. Annotation of the differential metabolites by KEGG revealed that alterations in amino acid and carbon metabolism constituted the primary response mechanisms of biofilms to TCC. Moreover, the biofilm demonstrated enhanced nucleic acid metabolism, which bolstered resistance against TCC stress and heightened tolerance. Furthermore, elevated TCC concentrations prompted more robust detoxification processes for self-defense. Overall, short-term exposure to TCC induced acute toxicity in biofilms, yet they managed to regulate their community structure and metabolic levels to uphold oxidative homeostasis and activity. This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of TCC risk assessment and policy control in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Bianhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Shuai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Yuxuan He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
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Cai Y, Li X, Feng M, Chovelon JM, Lu J, Chen J, Ji Y. Photochemical degradation of bisphenol S and its tetrahalogenated derivatives in water. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122131. [PMID: 39067277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), a widely used plasticizer, is known to have potential endocrine disrupting effects to organisms. Its tetrahalogenated derivatives, tetrachlorobisphenol S (TCBPS) and tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), are flame retardants exhibiting high neurodevelopmental toxicity and cytotoxicity. Halogen substitution has been shown to significantly affect the optical and photochemical properties of organic compounds. In this study, we conducted a comparative investigation into the photochemical behaviors of BPS, TCBPS, and TBBPS in aqueous solutions under both laboratory UV and natural sunlight irradiation. Spectroscopic titration results indicated that the pKa of TCBPS (4.16) and TBBPS (4.13) are approximately 3.7 units smaller than that of BPS (7.85), indicating that the halogenated derivatives are mainly present as the phenolate anions under circumneutral conditions. The halogen substituents also cause a significant bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra of TCBPS and TBBPS compared to BPS, leading to the enhanced absorption of sunlight. Meanwhile, TCBPS and TBBPS showed higher quantum yields than BPS, attributed to the "heavy atom" effect of halogen substituents. GCSOLAR modeling predicted half-lives for BPS, TCBPS, and TBBPS in surface water in Nanjing (32°2'7.3''N, 118°50'21''E) under noon sunlight in clear mid-autumn days as 810.2, 3.4, and 0.7 min, respectively. Toxicity evaluation suggest potential ecological risks of BPS/TCBPS/TBBPS and their photoproducts to aquatic organisms. Our findings highlight direct photolysis as an important mechanism accounting for the attenuation of tetrahalogenated bisphenols in both sunlit surface waters and UV based water treatment processes.engineered (e.g., UV disinfection) and natural aquatic environments (e.g., surface fresh waters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cai
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoci Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Jean-Marc Chovelon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Junhe Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuefei Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Jiang Y, Liu L, Jin B, Liu Y, Liang X. Critical review on the environmental behaviors and toxicity of triclosan and its removal technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173013. [PMID: 38719041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
As a highly effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal care and medical disinfection products, resulting in its widespread occurrence in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and even in the human body. Notably, the use of TCS surged during the COVID-19 outbreak, leading to increasing environmental TCS pollution pressure. From the perspective of environmental health, it is essential to systematically understand the environmental occurrence and behavior of TCS, its toxicological effects on biota and humans, and technologies to remove TCS from the environment. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge regarding the sources and behavior of TCS in surface water, groundwater, and soil systems, focusing on its toxicological effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Effluent from wastewater treatment plants is the primary source of TCS in aquatic systems, whereas sewage application and/or wastewater irrigation are the major sources of TCS in soil. Human exposure pathways to TCS and associated adverse outcomes were also analyzed. Skin and oral mucosal absorption, and dietary intake are important TCS exposure pathways. Reducing or completely degrading TCS in the environment is important for alleviating environmental pollution and protecting public health. Therefore, this paper reviews the removal mechanisms, including adsorption, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, and the influencing factors. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques are compared, and development prospects are proposed. These findings provide a basis for the management and risk assessment of TCS and are beneficial for the application of treatment technology in TCS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Liangying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China.
| | - Biao Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shandong Vocational College of Light Industry, Zibo 255300, PR China.
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Rozaini MNH, Khoo KS, Abdah MAAM, Ethiraj B, Alam MM, Anwar AF, Yunus NM, Liew CS, Lim JW, Ho CD, Tong WY. Potential application of 2D nano-layered MXene in analysing and remediating endocrine disruptor compounds and heavy metals in water. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:111. [PMID: 38466501 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of technologies and growth of the economy, it is inevitable that more complex processes are deployed, producing more heterogeneous wastewater that comes from biomedical, biochemical and various biotechnological industries. While the conventional way of wastewater treatment could effectively reduce the chemical oxygen demand, pH and turbidity of wastewater, trace pollutants, specifically the endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that exist in µg L-1 or ng L-1 have further hardened the detection and removal of these biochemical pollutants. Even in small amounts, EDC could interfere human's hormone, causing severe implications on human body. Hence, this review elucidates the recent insights regarding the effectiveness of an advanced 2D material based on titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), also known as MXene, in detecting and removing EDCs. MXene's highly tunable feature also allows its surface chemistry to be adjusted by adding chemicals with different functional groups to adsorb different kinds of EDCs for biochemical pollution mitigation. At the same time, the incorporation of MXene into sample matrices also further eases the analysis of trace pollutants down to ng L-1 levels, thereby making way for a more cleaner and comprehensive wastewater treatment. In that sense, this review also highlights the progress in synthesizing MXene from the conventional method to the more modern approaches, together with their respective key parameters. To further understand and attest to the efficacy of MXene, the limitations and current gaps of this potential agent are also accentuated, targeting to seek resolutions for a more sustainable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nur' Hafiz Rozaini
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Fathima Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Normawati M Yunus
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251301, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science Technology, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xu Z, Liu Z, Li S, Li F, Gao P, Wang S, Lin Y, Xiong G, Li Z, Peng H. Degradation of triclosan by peroxydisulfate/peroxomonosulfate binary oxidants activation under thermal conditions: Efficiency and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120211. [PMID: 38340664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) could be efficiently activated by heat to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the degradation of organic contaminants. However, defects including the inefficiency treatment and pH dependence of monooxidant process are prominent. In this study, synergy of heat and the PDS-PMS binary oxidant was studied for efficient triclosan (TCS) degradation and apply in rubber wastewater. Under different pH values, the degradation of TCS followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, the reaction rate constant (kobs) value of TCS in heat/PDS/PMS system increased from 1.8 to 4.4 fold and 6.8-49.1 fold when compared to heat/PDS system and heat/PMS system, respectively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO4·-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were the major ROS for the degradation of TCS in heat/PDS/PMS system. In addition, the steady-state concentrations of ·OH/1O2 and SO4·-/·OH/1O2 increased under acidic conditions and alkaline conditions, respectively. It was concluded that the pH regulated the ROS for degradation of TCS in heat/PDS/PMS system significantly. Based on the analysis of degradation byproducts, it was inferred that the dechlorination, hydroxylation and ether bond breaking reactions occurred during the degradation of TCS. Moreover, the biological toxicity of the ten byproducts was lower than that of TCS was determined. Furthermore, the heat/PDS/PMS system is resistant to the influence of water substrates and can effectively improve the water quality of rubber wastewater. This study provides a novel perspective for efficient degradation of TCS independent of pH in the heat/PDS/PMS system and its application of rubber wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xu
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Zhanpeng Liu
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Shunling Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Peng Gao
- City College, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Youcheng Lin
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Guomei Xiong
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Zhiqun Li
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
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Chukwu KB, Abafe OA, Amoako DG, Essack SY, Abia ALK. Environmental concentrations of antibiotics, biocides, and heavy metals fail to induce phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165721. [PMID: 37482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Most anthropogenically affected environments contain mixtures of pollutants from different sources. The impact of these pollutants is usually the combined effect of the individual polluting constituents. However, how these stressors contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance in environmental microorganisms is poorly understood. Thus, a 30-day exposure experiment to environmental and sub-inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, zinc, copper, BAC (benzalkonium chloride) 10 and DADMAC (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) 12, was conducted using fully susceptible E. coli ATCC 25922 to ascertain any development of phenotypic or genotypic resistance. Furthermore, wild-type isolates were collected from the same aquatic environment as the stressors, analysed for phenotypic resistance using the disk diffusion method and genotypically through whole genome sequencing. Exposure to the various concentrations and combinations of the stressors did not trigger phenotypic resistance in the experimental bacteria. Furthermore, genotypic analysis of the WGS on the exposed isolates only found the macrolide resistance mdf(A) gene (also present in the control strain) and the disinfectant resistance gene sitABCD. With further analysis for single nucleotide variants (SNV), mutations were detected for 19 genes that encoded for oxidative stress, DNA repair, membrane proteins efflux systems, growth and persister formations except for the robA, a transcription protein subset of the ArcC/XylS family of proteins, which confer multidrug resistance in E. coli. This indicates that exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, heavy metals and biocide residues in the aquatic environmental concentrations of the stressors identified in the current study could not induce phenotypic or genotypic resistance but encoded for genes responsible for the development of persistence and tolerance in bacteria, which could be a precursor to the development of resistance in environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi B Chukwu
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Residue Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Campus, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Akebe L K Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Zhang D, Lu S. A holistic review on triclosan and triclocarban exposure: Epidemiological outcomes, antibiotic resistance, and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162114. [PMID: 36764530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobials that are widely applied in personal care products, textiles, and plastics. TCS and TCC exposure at low doses may disturb hormone levels and even facilitate bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In the post-coronavirus disease pandemic era, chronic health effects and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes associated with TCS and TCC exposure represent an increasing concern. This study sought to screen and review the exposure levels and sources and changes after the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, potential health outcomes, bacterial resistance and cross-resistance, and health risk assessment tools associated with TCS and TCC exposure. Daily use of antimicrobial products accounts for most observed associations between internal exposure and diseases, while secondary exposure at trace levels mainly lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The roles of altered gut microbiota in multi-system toxicities warrant further attention. Sublethal dose of TCC selects ARGs without obviously increasing tolerance to TCC. But TCS induce persistent TCS resistance and reversibly select antibiotic resistance, which highlights the benefits of minimizing its use. To derive reference doses (RfDs) for humans, more sensitive endpoints observed in populational studies need to be confirmed using toxicological tests. Additionally, the human equivalent dose is recommended to be incorporated into the health risk assessment to reduce uncertainty of extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang T, Zhu P, Cai H, Jin Y, Gao K, Li J. Fabrication of Ag 3PO 4/polyaniline-activated biochar photocatalyst for efficient triclosan degradation process and toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153453. [PMID: 35093359 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a typical environmental pollutant, which seriously threatens the health of humans and organisms. A novel strategy of biochar/Ag3PO4/polyaniline (PANI) composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile chemical precipitation method to efficiently degrade TCS. XRD, Raman, ESR, etc. were used to reveal the effective associations among physiochemistry, photochemistry and photocatalytic properties of the composite. It was proved the synergistic effects of biochar (T-Bio) and PANI resulted in the decrease of Ag3PO4 particle size, the enhancement of adsorption, the improvement of light utilization, the increase of photogenerated carrier separation and the promotion of reactive species. The photocatalytic mechanism showed h+ was the main active species, O2- and OH played minor roles. Under the irradiation of visible light, the optimal photocatalyst (1.0% T-Bio/AP/1.0% PANI) displayed excellent photocatalytic activity with the removal rate of 85.21% for TCS within 10 min, and the apparent rate constant K' was 2.38 times of Ag3PO4. 11 main intermediates for TCS degradation were identified, and their toxicity was significantly reduced. The possible degradation pathways were proposed. This work is the first systematic study on the degradation behavior of TCS by Ag3PO4-based photocatalyst, and it provides a new approach to fabricate photocatalysts with synergistic effects and amazing photocatalytic activity by biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haitao Cai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kaige Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Engineering Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization and Cleaning Process of Phosphate Resource, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, China.
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9
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Xie J, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhao M, Jin H. Occurrence and partitioning of bisphenol analogues, triclocarban, and triclosan in seawater and sediment from East China Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132218. [PMID: 34509769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues (BPs), triclocarban (TCC), and triclosan (TCS) are well-known environmental endocrine disrupters. Many studies have characterized their occurrence in the freshwater environment. However, their environmental behaviors in the coastal marine environment remain poorly understood. Here, matched seawater and sediment samples were collected from East China Sea, and analyzed for 13 BPs (including halogenated derivatives of bisphenol A), TCC, and TCS. Bisphenol A (BPA; mean 23 ng/L) was the predominant BP in seawaters, followed by tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; 2.3 ng/L) and bisphenol S (BPS; 2.2 ng/L). Seawater concentrations of TCS (<LOD-8.7 ng/L) were much higher (p < 0.01) than that of TCC (<LOD-0.33 ng/L). In sediments BPA was still the major BP (mean 13 ng/g dw, dry weight), followed by bisphenol F (1.6 ng/g dw) and BPS (0.69 ng/g dw). All sediment samples contained measurable TCC (0.12-6.6 ng/g dw), while TCS was occasionally detected. For the first time, this study reports the environmental occurrence of bisphenol M and 4,4'-sulfonylbis (2-aminophenol) (a first discovered BPS analogue) in seawaters and sediments. Spatially, inshore seawater and sediment samples contained higher (p < 0.01) BPA and BPS concentrations, compared with offshore samples. The mean log-transformed sediment-seawater partitioning coefficients (log Koc) ranged from 2.3 (TBBPA) to 4.0 (TCC). The log Koc values of BPA, BPS, and BPAF were lower than those previously reported in the freshwater environment. Overall, this study provides first data on the spatial distribution patterns and partitioning behaviors of BPs, TCC, and TCS in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316021, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
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10
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Li WL, Zhang ZF, Li YF, Hung H, Yuan YX. Assessing the distributions and fate of household and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) in the Songhua Catchment, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147484. [PMID: 33984702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many household and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) are of environmental concern due to their potential toxicity to humans and wildlife. However, few studies investigate the spatiotemporal variations and fate of HPCCs in large-scale river systems. Here, river water and sediment samples from the Songhua River in Northeast China were analyzed for seven classes of HPCCs. Correlation analysis suggested similar sources and environmental behavior for compounds from the same HPCC classes. In the river water, the concentrations of most HPCCs in the cold season were significantly higher than that of the warm season (p < 0.01). Significantly higher levels of target compounds were found in the downstream water samples of a city, suggesting the influence of human activities on the distributions of HPCCs. The concentrations and distributions of most HPCCs were controlled by primary emission sources. The derived dissolved concentrations of HPCCs suggested that small amounts of caffeine and parabens were partitioned onto particles, while large amounts of many other HPCCs were bound to the particle phase. Water-sediment distribution coefficients (log Kd) ranged from 1.59 for caffeine to 3.95 for benzalkonium chloride-C14. This work presents new insights into the environmental behavior of HPCCs and the factors affecting their fate in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Yi-Xing Yuan
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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11
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Wang Y, Teng Y, Wang D, Han K, Wang H, Kang L. The fate of triclocarban in activated sludge and its influence on biological wastewater treatment system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111237. [PMID: 32866751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC), a typical emerging contaminant, was abundantly released into environment and frequently detected in practical wastewater treatment plants. However it is also an important material when being added to personal skin care products as a antibacterial agent. In this work, the behavior of TCC in wastewater treatment process was investigated. Experiments showed that ~82% of influent TCC was removed by activated sludge adsorption and its adsorption isotherm was well fitted with Linear model and Freundich model. High levels of TCC had seriously impact on the settleability, dewaterability and extracellular polymetric substance (EPS) of activated sludge, even on effluent turbidity after a long-term exposure. Furthermore, the performance of biological wastewater treatment was damaged by TCC long-term exposure as well. The removal rates of total nitrogen and phosphorus decreased from 91.2 ± 2.1% to 72.6 ± 2.2% and from 94.7 ± 3.1% to 78.4 ± 2.3%, respectively, with TCC level increasing from 0 to 100 μg/L. Mechanism analysis showed that TCC exposure significantly inhibited the relevant biological processes, such as ammonia oxidation, denitrification, phosphorus release and uptake, which were closely relevant to nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Yajie Teng
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kai Han
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China.
| | - Le Kang
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
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12
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Liu Y, Mekic M, Carena L, Vione D, Gligorovski S, Zhang G, Jin B. Tracking photodegradation products and bond-cleavage reaction pathways of triclosan using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry and stable carbon isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114673. [PMID: 32388298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound ubiquitously found in surface waters throughout the world. Although several studies have focused on the photochemical degradation of TCS, there is still limited knowledge about its environmental fate. In this study, we got molecular-level insights into the photochemical degradation of TCS. Significant stable carbon isotope fractionation was observed during photodegradation; different bond-cleavage reaction pathways under different photolytic conditions were characterized, using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Photochemical modeling of TCS photodegradation showed that direct photolysis would be the main transformation pathway if pH > 7, even in presence of dissolved organic matter. Moreover, by use of ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS, a broad and complex spectrum of organic by-products (some of which potentially toxic, as assessed by a quantitative structure-activity relationship approach) were identified. A detailed reaction mechanism was developed on the basis of the detected compounds. A possible sequence of steps leading to some of the detected product compounds in aqueous solution is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Majda Mekic
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Luca Carena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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13
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Bian Y, Wang D, Liu X, Yang Q, Liu Y, Wang Q, Ni BJ, Li H, Zhang Y. The fate and impact of TCC in nitrifying cultures. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115851. [PMID: 32371287 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is a highly effective antibacterial agent, which is widely used in a variety of applications and present at significant levels (e.g., 760 μg/L) in wastewater worldwide. However, the interaction between TCC and nitrifiers, important microbial cultures in wastewater treatment plants, has not been documented. This work therefore aimed to evaluate the fate of TCC in a nitrifying culture and its impact on nitrifiers in four long-term nitrifiers-rich reactors, which received synthetic wastewater containing 0, 0.1, 1, or 5 mg/L TCC. Experimental results showed that 36.7%-50.7% of wastewater TCC was removed by nitrifying cultures in stable operation. Mass balance analysis revealed that the removal of TCC was mainly achieved through adsorption rather than biodegradation. Adsorption kinetic analysis indicated that inhomogeneous multilayer adsorption was responsible for the removal while fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that several functional groups such as hydroxyl, amide and polysaccharide seemed to be the main adsorption sites. The adsorbed TCC significantly deteriorated settleability and performance of nitrifying cultures. With an increase of influent TCC from 0 to 5 mg/L, reactor volatile suspended solids and effluent nitrate decreased from 1200 ± 90 mg/L and 300.81 ± 7.52 mg/L to 880 ± 80 and 7.35 ± 4.62 mg/L while effluent ammonium and nitrite increased from 0.41 ± 0.03 and 0.45 ± 0.23 mg/L to104.65 ± 3.46 and 182.06 ± 7.54 mg/L, respectively. TCC increased the extracellular polymeric substances of nitrifying cultures, inhibited the specific activities of nitrifiers, and altered the abundance of nitrifiers especially Nitrospira sp.. In particular, TCC at environmentally relevant concentration (i.e., 0.1 mg/L) significantly inhibited NOB activity and reduced NOB population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Bian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Xuran Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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14
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Yun H, Liang B, Kong D, Li X, Wang A. Fate, risk and removal of triclocarban: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121944. [PMID: 31901847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The halogenated antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) has large production and consumption over last decades. Its extensive utilization in personal care products and insufficient treatment in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has led to its listing as one of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). Due to the hydrophobicity and chemical stability of TCC, it has been omnipresent detected in terrestrial and aquatic environments, and its prolonged exposure has thrown potential pernicious threat to ecosystem and human health. Considering its recalcitrance, especially under anoxic conditions, both biological and non-biological methods have been exploited for its removal. The efficiency of advanced oxidation processes was optimistic, but complete removal can rarely be realized through a single method. The biodegradation of TCC either with microbial community or pure culture is feasible but efficient bacterial degraders and the molecular mechanism of degradation need to be further explored. This review provides comprehensive information of the occurrence, potential ecological and health effects, and biological and non-biological removal of TCC, and outlines future prospects for the risk evaluation and enhanced bioremediation of TCC in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yun
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Deyong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Shenyang Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environment Pollution, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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15
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Keßler S, Pohlert T, Breitung V, Wilcsek K, Bierl R. Comparative evaluation of four suspended particulate matter (SPM) sampling devices and their use for monitoring SPM quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5993-6008. [PMID: 31863367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Representative sampling of suspended particulate matter is fundamental for assessing river sediment quality, including the distribution and physicochemical characterisation of particles at different hydrological events. This study compares time-integrated samplers and discrete sampling methods, focusing on (a) the representativeness of the different methods and (b) the comparability between the various sampling techniques. The study investigates whether different sampling devices used under the same conditions can reproduce the annual mean. Two time-integrated sampling techniques (Binnensammler floating collector (BS); self-constructed Phillips sampler (PS)) and two discrete sampling systems (continuous-flow centrifuge (CFC); hydrocyclone (HC)) were compared. The monitoring program (August 2013 to August 2014) was conducted using a 4-week sampling frequency at two different monitoring stations in the Rhine river basin. The analysis of physicochemical parameters included total organic carbon (TOC), particulate phosphorus (PP), grain size distribution (GSD), metals, and organic pollutants (PCBs, HCB, PAH). A nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the dependence of suspended matter quality parameters on the sampling method, the sampling device, and the sampling station. According to ANOVA, physical and chemical parameters as well as persistent organic pollutants are homogenous for the time-integrated samplers PS and BS. Comparing PS and the reference technique CFC, only the mean annual concentration of TOC is significantly higher for CFC (5.91%; PS, 4.53%) due to degradation processes. With the exception of TOC, Ni, and GSD, data of BS was comparable with that of CFC. Comparing CFC and HC, there are significant differences for GSD, Zn, and Ni. An analysis of the time series of GSD < 63 μm and sum of PAHs confirms the findings of the nested ANOVA, showing that HC time series display significant differences compared with the other samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Keßler
- Department of Hydrology, Trier University, 54286, Trier, Germany.
- Institute for Organic Agriculture a.s.b.l. (IBLA), 27, Op der Schanz, 6225, Altrier, Luxembourg.
| | - Thorsten Pohlert
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Vera Breitung
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Bierl
- Department of Hydrology, Trier University, 54286, Trier, Germany
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16
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Bethea TN, Wesselink AK, Weuve J, McClean MD, Hauser R, Williams PL, Ye X, Calafat AM, Baird DD, Wise LA. Correlates of exposure to phenols, parabens, and triclocarban in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:117-136. [PMID: 30692588 PMCID: PMC6661224 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-019-0114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional analysis to identify correlates of urinary concentrations of seven phenols (bisphenols A, F, and S; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; benzophenone-3; triclosan), triclocarban, and four parabens (butyl, ethyl, methyl, and propyl). We analyzed baseline data from 766 participants in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a prospective cohort study of 1693 Black women aged 23-34 years residing in Detroit, Michigan (2010-2012). We collected data on demographic, behavioral, and anthropometric factors via telephone interviews, clinic visits, and self-administered questionnaires. For each biomarker, we used linear regression models to estimate mean differences in log-transformed, creatinine-corrected concentrations across factors of interest. Each biomarker was detected in >50% of participants. Median creatinine-corrected concentrations were the highest for methyl paraben (116.8 μg/g creatinine), propyl paraben (16.8 μg/g creatinine), and benzophenone-3 (13.4 μg/g creatinine). Variables most strongly associated with biomarker concentrations included season of urine collection, education, and body mass index (BMI). BMI was positively associated with bisphenol A and S and triclocarban concentrations and inversely associated with butyl and methyl paraben concentrations. In this cohort of Black women, exposure to phenols, parabens, and triclocarban was prevalent and several factors were associated with biomarker concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci N Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Juksu K, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Yao L, Sarin C, Sreesai S, Klomjek P, Jiang YX, Ying GG. Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of biocides in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments in Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1110-1119. [PMID: 31470474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 19 biocides in 8 wastewater treatment plants and receiving aquatic environments (both freshwater and estuarine systems) in Thailand. The predominant compound in wastewater and surface water was methylparaben with the maximum concentration of 15.2 μg/L detected in the receiving river, while in sludge and sediment was triclocarban with the maximum concentration of 8.47 μg/g in sludge. Triclosan was the main contaminants in the fish samples with the maximum concentration of 1.20 μg/g. Similar results of biocides were found in the estuarine system in Pattaya city, with the maximum concentration of 185 ng/L in sea water for methylparaben, and 242 ng/g in estuarine sediment for triclocarban. The aqueous removal rates for the biocides ranged from 15% to 95% in average. The back estimated-usage and total estimated emission of Ʃ19 biocides in Thailand was 279 and 202 tons/year, respectively. Preliminary ecological risk assessment showed that clotrimazole and triclosan could pose high risks to aquatic organisms in the receiving aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokthip Juksu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Charoon Sarin
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Siranee Sreesai
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pantip Klomjek
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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18
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Vimalkumar K, Seethappan S, Pugazhendhi A. Fate of Triclocarban (TCC) in aquatic and terrestrial systems and human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 230:201-209. [PMID: 31103866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) is considered as contaminant of emerging concern (CEC), and ranked in the top 10 CEC occurrence. TCC is a high production volume synthetic chemical used extensively in various personal care products. This chemical will be released into the environment via incomplete wastewater treatment and untreated wastewater discharge. TCC and its transformation products (4,4'-dichlorocarbilide (DCC),1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylurea (MCC) and carbanilide (NCC),2'OH-TCC, 3'OH-TCC) were detected in the environmental matrices. Sediment organic carbon will influence TCC concentrations in suspended and bed sediments. TCC is an antimicrobial agent and also emerging endocrine disruptor that can cause immune dysfunction and affect human reproductive outcomes. Furthermore, TCC alters the expression of proteins related to binding and metabolism, skeletal muscle development and function, nervous system development and immune response. TCC has potential health risks in wildlife and humans. Several animal studies illustrate that it can cause various adverse effects, which can be monitored by antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GST and LPO). Accumulation of TCC in organisms depends on the lipophilicity and bioavailability of TCC in sediment and water. TCC was continuously detected in aquatic system. TCC is a lipophilic compound, which can efficiently bind with lipid content. Women are more vulnerable to TCC due to substantially higher frequency and extended exposure to TCC. This review provides basic information of occurrence of TCC and the exposure levels in aquatic organisms. Several literature have shown the higher usage and human exposure levels of TCC, which provides useful information for the chemical management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Seethappan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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19
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Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Application of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Isolation of Environmental Micropollutants – A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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20
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Dou Y, Klein M, Zhang TC, Stansbury J, Moussavi M, Richter-Egger DL, Zeng J. Feasibility of developing a passive sampler for sampling heavy metals in BMPs for stormwater runoff management. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1517-1524. [PMID: 29322862 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1426634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been used for stormwater treatment and management for several decades. How to monitor these BMPs performance reliably and economically is a challenge. This paper reports the feasibility of developing a flow through passive sampler (PS) based on Amberlite IRC748 ion exchange resin operated in kinetic regime for sampling heavy metals in BMPs (infiltration systems) for stormwater treatment and management. Tests were conducted using batch reactors and laboratory-scale BMPs. Batch reactor results indicate that PSs performed desirably with consistent and rapid metal uptake, and thus, the resin-based PS is feasible to be used for stormwater sampling. In lab-scale BMPs tests, the resin PSs were employed for sampling influent and effluent of BMPs loaded with synthetic stormwater for storm durations of 0.5, 3, and 12 hours. The removal efficiency of heavy metals in the BMPs as predicted by PSs was very similar to the actual treatment efficiencies obtained from control BMPs, with errors ranging from -5% to 2%, indicating that the PSs can be used for sampling stormwater and monitoring BMPs. The next step for this sampler will be to develop a method for evaluating the volume of water passing the PS during the sampling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Dou
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , People's Republic of China
| | - Mitch Klein
- b Burns & McDonnell , Kansas City , MO , USA
| | - Tian C Zhang
- c Department of Civil Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - John Stansbury
- c Department of Civil Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Massoum Moussavi
- c Department of Civil Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Omaha , NE , USA
| | | | - Jing Zeng
- e Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA
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21
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Lopardo L, Adams D, Cummins A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Verifying community-wide exposure to endocrine disruptors in personal care products - In quest for metabolic biomarkers of exposure via in vitro studies and wastewater-based epidemiology. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:117-126. [PMID: 29940357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify human specific metabolites of selected known or suspected endocrine disruptors (EDCs), mainly UV filters, used in personal care and consumer products whose metabolism has hardly been explored and to select suitable candidate biomarkers for human exposure studies using wastewater based epidemiology (WBE). The analysis of metabolic biomarkers of target chemicals is crucial in order to distinguish between internal and external exposure, since many sources contribute to chemicals being discharged into wastewater. This was achieved through the employment of a new analytical framework for verification of biomarkers of exposure to chemicals combining human biomonitoring and water fingerprinting. Eight EDCs with unknown metabolic pathways (benzophenone-1 (BP-1); benzophenone-2 (BP-2); 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (4,4'-DHBP); 4-benzylphenol (4-BenzPh); homosalate (HO); octocrylene (OC); 3-benzylidene camphor (3-BC), and two EDCs with known metabolism (bisphenol A (BPA) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3)) were tested. The biotransformation observed consisted mainly of phase I processes such as hydrolysis and hydroxylation together with phase II conjugation reactions such as sulphation and glucuronidation. Only two chemicals (BP-1, BP-3) were identified in urine and three chemicals (BPA, BP-1, BP-3) in wastewater. Five newly discovered metabolites (HO-Met1, OC-Met1, 4-BenzPh-Met4, 4-BenzPh-Met5 and 4-BenzPh-Met6) and one previously known metabolite (BPA-Met3) were detected in tested urine/wastewater samples from five WWTPs serving large communities ranging between 17 and 100 thousand inhabitants. The presence of metabolic biotransformation products of OC, 4-BenzPh, BPA and HO in wastewater provides evidence for internal exposure of studied populations to these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lopardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Andrew Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Ozturk E. Applying analytical decision methods for determination of the best treatment alternative to remove emerging micropollutants from drinking water and wastewater: triclosan example. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30517-30546. [PMID: 30171528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing human activities have not only substantially altered the natural material cycle but also created new synthetic chemicals flows. Some of these chemicals, which are described as micropollutants (MPs), may result in adverse effects on human health, aquatic organisms, and ecosystems. MPs can be transported to the environment and water resources in a variety ways including domestic and industrial wastewater. Unfortunately, most MPs are only partially removed in existing conventional treatment plants. Therefore, conventional treatment plants should be modernized by advanced treatment technologies to protect the environment and human health. However, there are various mysteries about best treatment techniques, evaluation criteria, and decision-making methods. In this study, it was aimed to determine the best treatment alternatives for triclosan (TCS) which is one of the priority MPs. A total of 18 evaluation criteria were identified and prioritized by employing analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy methods. Treatment alternatives were identified and their performance was assessed through a comprehensive literature investigation. In decision-making processes of determining these alternatives, "technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)," "preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE)," and "Višekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje (VIKOR)" analytical decision-making methods were employed, and priority rankings were determined according to each decision method. The final priority ranking was found as adsorption > membrane filtration > hybrid processes > advanced oxidation processes > constructed wetlands > conventional treatment processes > biological treatment > other treatment processes. Although the obtained results are specific to TCS, the employed analytical decision methods can be also used to decide the best treatment alternatives for other MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Ozturk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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23
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Chen ZF, Wen HB, Dai X, Yan SC, Zhang H, Chen YY, Du Z, Liu G, Cai Z. Contamination and risk profiles of triclosan and triclocarban in sediments from a less urbanized region in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:376-383. [PMID: 29913369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan and triclocarban are priority environmental contaminants of increasing concern to environmental health. After application, the chemicals enter the aquatic environment and easily distribute in bed sediment due to their hydrophobicity, and thus pose potential ecological risks. This study investigated the distribution and risks of triclosan and triclocarban in the sediment environment of a less urbanized region in South China. The sampling sites with high levels of triclosan and triclocarban were found to locate in the tributaries. When compared to other monitoring results obtained from more densely populated regions, the residues of triclosan and triclocarban in the investigated region were low, suggesting that these two chemicals conservation in sediment is related to anthropic activities. The results of risk quotients showed that high risks to aquatic organisms were posed by triclosan residues in sediment, while the risks to benthic organisms were quite low. Triclocarban residues in sediment posed minimal to medium risks to aquatic and benthic organisms. In summary, using either of the calculation methods of risk quotients, medium risks posed by the antimicrobials can be found in certain sampling sites with low population densities. The results may be useful in the development of evidence-based policies for the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries Research, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product (Guangzhou), Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Hong-Biao Wen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Recreational Fisheries Research, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product (Guangzhou), Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Shi-Chao Yan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Vimalkumar K, Arun E, Krishna-Kumar S, Poopal RK, Nikhil NP, Subramanian A, Babu-Rajendran R. Occurrence of triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers in water, sediment, and fish from Indian rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1351-1360. [PMID: 29996432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban and benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) are listed as high production volume synthetic chemicals, used extensively in personal care products. Many of these chemicals persist in the aquatic environment as micropollutants. Knowledge on their fate in freshwater ecosystems is still lacking, especially in the Indian Rivers. Our intention is to study the seasonal distribution, hazard quotient, risk assessment, and bioaccumulation of triclocarban and BUVSs (UV-9, UV-P, UV-326, UV-327, UV-328, and UV-329) during wet and dry seasons in water, sediment and fish from the Kaveri, Vellar, and Thamiraparani rivers in Tamil Nadu State, India. Triclocarban and BUVSs were identified in all matrices analysed. Triclocarban was found in water, sediment, and fish up to 1119ng/L, 26.3ng/g (dry wt.), and 692ng/g (wet wt.), respectively. Among BUVSs, UV-329 was found up to 31.3ng/L (water samples), UV-327 up to 7.3ng/g (sediment samples), and UV-9 up to 79.4ng/g (fish samples). The hazard quotient (HQenv.) for triclocarban in surface water was found to be at risk level (HQenv. >1) in the Kaveri, and Thamiraparani rivers during dry season. Bioaccumulation factors indicate that target compounds (triclocarban and BUVSs) could bio-accumulate in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthi Vimalkumar
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elaiyaraja Arun
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Krishna-Kumar
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rama Krishnan Poopal
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nishikant Patil Nikhil
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramaswamy Babu-Rajendran
- Ecotoxicology and Toxicogenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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25
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van Wijnen J, Ragas AMJ, Kroeze C. River export of triclosan from land to sea: A global modelling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1280-1288. [PMID: 29079081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial agent that is added to commonly used personal care products. Emitted to the aquatic environment in large quantities, it poses a potential threat to aquatic organisms. Triclosan enters the aquatic environment mainly through sewage effluent. We developed a global, spatially explicit model, the Global TCS model, to simulate triclosan transport by rivers to coastal areas. With this model we analysed annual, basin-wide triclosan export for the year 2000 and two future scenarios for the year 2050. Our analyses for 2000 indicate that triclosan export to coastal areas in Western Europe, Southeast Asia and the East Coast of the USA is higher than in the rest of the world. For future scenarios, the Global TCS model predicts an increase in river export of triclosan in Southeast Asia and a small decrease in Europe. The number of rivers with an annual average triclosan concentration at the river mouth that exceeds a PNEC of 26.2ng/L is projected to double between 2000 and 2050. This increase is most prominent in Southeast Asia, as a result of fast population growth, increasing urbanisation and increasing numbers of people connected to sewerage systems with poor wastewater treatment. Predicted triclosan loads correspond reasonably well with measured values. However, basin-specific predictions have considerable uncertainty due to lacking knowledge and location-specific data on the processes determining the fate of triclosan in river water, e.g. sorption, degradation and sedimentation. Additional research on the fate of triclosan in river systems is therefore recommended. CAPSULE We developed a global spatially explicit model to simulate triclosan export by rivers to coastal seas. For two future scenarios this Global TCS model projects an increase in river export of triclosan to several seas around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikke van Wijnen
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ad M J Ragas
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, POB 9010, NL-6500, GL, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Armstrong DL, Lozano N, Rice CP, Ramirez M, Torrents A. Degradation of triclosan and triclocarban and formation of transformation products in activated sludge using benchtop bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:17-25. [PMID: 29096316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benchtop bioreactors were run aerobically with activated sludge samples collected from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to understand how increased hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT), and varying treatment temperatures (21°C and 30°C) impact concentrations of the endocrine disrupting antimicrobials triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and their transformation products. Samples from the reactors were collected periodically over a 122-196h period and the solid and liquid fraction were separately quantitated for TCS, TCC, and methyltriclosan (MeTCS) and scanned qualitatively for six other transformation products. Results indicated that TCS, TCC and MeTCS were predominately associated with the solids fraction of the activated sludge with only nominal concentrations in the liquids fraction. TCS was degraded in the solids fraction, with increased rates at 30°C (-0.0224 ± 0.007h-1) when compared to reactors run at 21°C (- 0.0170 ± 0.003h-1). Conversely, TCC concentrations did not significantly change in solids samples from reactors run at 21°C, while an increase in reactor temperature to 30°C resulted in TCC degradation at an average rate of - 0.0158 ± 0.012h-1. Additionally, MeTCS formation in the solids fraction was observed in three out of four reactors run - indicating a notable transformation of TCS. Qualitative appearance of 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloroanaline was observed in the liquids fraction of all reactor samples. The remaining four qualitatively scanned compounds were not detected. These experiments demonstrate that increased HRT, SRT, and temperature result in enhanced removal of TCS and TCC from wastewater during the activated sludge process. Furthermore, a substantial formation of TCS into MeTCS was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Armstrong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1173 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Nuria Lozano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1173 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Park, MD, USA; Department of Water and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Cantabria, Avda de Los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
| | - Clifford P Rice
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, ARS-USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Mark Ramirez
- DC Water, District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alba Torrents
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, 1173 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Park, MD, USA.
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27
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Peng FJ, Pan CG, Zhang M, Zhang NS, Windfeld R, Salvito D, Selck H, Van den Brink PJ, Ying GG. Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of emerging organic chemicals in urban rivers: Guangzhou as a case study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 589:46-55. [PMID: 28264771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Urban rivers may receive contamination from various sources including point sources like domestic sewage and nonpoint sources (e.g., runoff), resulting in contamination with various chemicals. This study investigated the occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (3 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), and 17 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)) in six urban rivers of a representative subtropical city, Guangzhou (southern China). Our results showed that EDCs and personal care products were frequently detected in the water phase and sediment phase. 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) was the most predominant compound with the highest concentration of 5050ng/L in the water phase and 14,400ng/g dry weight (dw) in the sediment. Generally, higher total concentrations of EDCs and PPCPs were detected in the four urban streams compared to the main stream Zhujiang River and the Liuxi River at the suburb area. A screening-level risk assessment showed that 4-nonylphenol and triclosan (TCS) pose potential risks to aquatic organisms in most sampling sites. For individual taxa, 4-NP may pose risks to various groups of aquatic organisms, while TCS only might pose high risks to algae. CAPSULE Higher contamination of EDCs and PPCPs was observed in rivers in urban area; 4-nonylphenol and triclosan showed RQs>1 in >70% of the reported area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Peng
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chang-Gui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nai-Sheng Zhang
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ronja Windfeld
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Denmark
| | - Daniel Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA
| | - Henriette Selck
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, Denmark
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Lopardo L, Cummins A, Rydevik A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. New Analytical Framework for Verification of Biomarkers of Exposure to Chemicals Combining Human Biomonitoring and Water Fingerprinting. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7232-7239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Lopardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Andrew Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Axel Rydevik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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29
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Peng X, Xiong S, Ou W, Wang Z, Tan J, Jin J, Tang C, Liu J, Fan Y. Persistence, temporal and spatial profiles of ultraviolet absorbents and phenolic personal care products in riverine and estuarine sediment of the Pearl River catchment, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:139-146. [PMID: 27209124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A variety of personal care products have been classified as emerging contaminants (ECs). Occurrence, fate, spatial and vertical profiles of 13 ultraviolet absorbents, triclocarban (TCC) and its dechlorinated products, triclosan (TCS), 2-phenylphenol and parabens were investigated in riverine and estuarine sediment of the Pearl River catchment, China. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely applied plasticizer, was also investigated. The ECs were widely present in the bed sediment. TCC was the most abundant with a maximum concentration of 332ngg-1 dry weight. The other prominent ECs included BPA, TCS, octocrylene, and benzotriazole UV stabilizers UV326 and UV328. Treated wastewater effluent was the major source of the ECs in the riverine sediment. TCC, BPA, TCS, methyparaben, UV531, UV326, and UV328 were also detected throughout the estuarine sediment cores, indicating their persistence in the sediment. Temporal trends of the ECs in the sediment cores reflected a combined effect of industrial development, population growth, human life quality improvement, and waste treatment capacity in the Pearl River Delta over the last decades. TCC dechlorination products were frequently detected in the bed sediment with higher levels near treated effluent outlets but only occasionally observed in the sediment cores, suggesting insignificant in-situ TCC dechlorination in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Utilization and Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Songsong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Utilization and Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weihui Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Quality Monitoring and Inspection, Guangzhou, 510110, China
| | - Jiabin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Utilization and Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Caiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Utilization and Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Utilization and Protection of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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30
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Sun K, Kang F, Waigi MG, Gao Y, Huang Q. Laccase-mediated transformation of triclosan in aqueous solution with metal cations and humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:105-111. [PMID: 27640762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent that is found extensively in natural aquatic environments. Enzyme-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions (ECOCRs) can be used to remove TCS in aqueous solution, but there is limited information available to indicate how metal cations (MCs) and natural organic matter (NOM) influence the environmental fate of TCS during laccase-mediated ECOCRs. In this study, we demonstrated that the naturally occurring laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus was effective in removing TCS during ECOCRs, and the oligomerization of TCS was identified as the dominant reaction pathway by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The growth inhibition studies of green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Scenedesmus obliquus) proved that laccase-mediated ECOCRs could effectively reduce the toxicity of TCS. The presence of dissolved MCs (Mn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ ions) influenced the removal and transformation of TCS via different mechanisms. Additionally, the transformation of TCS in systems with NOM derived from humic acid (HA) was hindered, and the apparent pseudo first-order kinetics rate constants (k) for TCS decreased as the HA concentration increased, which likely corresponded to the combined effect of both noncovalent (sorption) and covalent binding between TCS and humic molecules. Our results provide a novel insight into the fate and transformation of TCS by laccase-mediated ECOCRs in natural aquatic environments in the presence of MCs and NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuxing Kang
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qingguo Huang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA.
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Yin J, Wei L, Shi Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Shao B. Chinese population exposure to triclosan and triclocarban as measured via human urine and nails. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:1125-1135. [PMID: 26497189 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) exposures are highly concerned due to their suspected endocrine-disrupting effects. The present study investigated TCS and TCC exposure levels in the general Chinese population by biomonitoring human urine and nail samples. TCS (69-80 %) and TCC (99-100 %) were frequently detected, which demonstrates that the general Chinese population has extensive exposure to these chemicals. The geometric mean (GM) urinary concentrations were 0.40 μg/g creatinine (creat), 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.56, for TCS and 0.40 μg/g creat, 95 % CI 0.29-0.56, for TCC. On the other hand, the GM levels of TCS and TCC were 13.57 (5.67 μg/kg) and 84.66 μg/kg (41.50 μg/kg) in fingernail (toenail) samples, respectively, indicating that the levels in fingernails were approximately twice as high as those in toenails. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the urine and fingernail (toenail) samples were 0.715 (0.614) for TCS and 0.829 (0.812) for TCC. These data suggest that nail samples can be applied to the biomonitoring for TCS and TCC in the general population. We observed that the levels of both chemicals were higher in females than in males for urine and fingernail samples, but no significant differences were found between different genders for either compound in toenails. Nineteen- to 29-year-olds had the highest TCS levels in their nail samples, whereas TCC levels did not differ with regard to age. Region of residence significantly influenced TCS and TCC concentrations in the three biological matrices measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, 100013, China.
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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32
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Li L, Gong L, Wang YX, Liu Q, Zhang J, Mu Y, Yu HQ. Removal of halogenated emerging contaminants from water by nitrogen-doped graphene decorated with palladium nanoparticles: Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 98:235-241. [PMID: 27107141 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The removal performance and mechanisms of halogenated emerging contaminants from water by palladium decorated nitrogen-doped graphene (Pd/NG) were investigated in this study. For comparison, three catalysts of Pd/NG, palladium decorated graphene (Pd/G) and commercial Pd/C were initially explored to degrade tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). After that, the influence of various environmental parameters on TBBPA removal by the Pd/NG catalyst was evaluated. Moreover, both Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and density functional theory (DFT) were adopted to theoretically elucidate the adsorption and the activation of TBBPA on the catalyst. The results show that the apparent rate constant of TBBPA dehalogenation was increased by 26.7% and 39.0% in the presence of the Pd/NG catalyst compared to the Pd/G and Pd/C ones. Higher temperature, catalyst dosage and alkaline conditions resulted in the enhancement of TBBPA dehalogenation by the Pd/NG catalyst, while humic acid in the solution had a negatively effect on the transformation of TBBPA. The corresponding rate constant value exhibited a 2.1- and 1.8-fold increase with the rise of temperature from 298 to 328 K and initial pH from 6.5 to 9.0, respectively. On the contrary, the rate constant was decreased by 78.9% in the presence of 15 mg L(-1) humic acid. Theoretical analysis revealed that both adsorption and activation processes of TBBPA on the Pd/NG catalyst were enhanced through the N doping into graphene framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Niu J, Dai Y, Yin L, Shang J, Crittenden JC. Photocatalytic reduction of triclosan on Au-Cu2O nanowire arrays as plasmonic photocatalysts under visible light irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:17421-8. [PMID: 26076905 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a potential threat to the environment and human health. Photocatalysis can be used to degrade TCS, but the photocatalytic efficiency is usually limited by the photoabsorptivity and photostability of the photocatalyst. In addition, some toxic by-products might also be generated during photocatalytic processes. In this study, we prepared Au-coated Cu2O nanowire arrays (Au-Cu2O NWAs) by beam sputtering Au onto Cu2O nanowires grown from a Cu foil. We found that photocatalytic degradation of TCS under visible light (420 nm < λ < 780 nm) irradiation and Au-Cu2O NWAs had several advantages. Au-Cu2O NWAs had good photoabsorptivity, high photostability (negligible activity loss after 16 runs), excellent photocatalytic activity (47.6 times faster than that of Cu2O), and low yield of dichlorodibenzo-dioxins/dichlorohydroxydibenzofurans. The degradation intermediates were identified as chlorophenoxyphenol, phenoxyphenol, chlorophenol, catechol, phenol, benzoquinone, and lower volatile acids. We developed the degradation pathway of TCS which follows electron reduction and then oxidation by reactive oxygen species. The mechanism was developed and strengthened using the radical trapping and other measurements. The unusual mechanism and photostability of Au-Cu2O NWAs were attributed to the Au/Cu2O/Cu "sandwich"-like structure. This structure yields a sustained and steady internal electric field, raises the conduction band of Cu2O, reinforces the reductive activity of the photo-generated electrons, and eliminates the photo-generated holes that are responsible for the photo-etching of Cu2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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Souchier M, Casellas C, Ingrand V, Chiron S. Insights into reductive dechlorination of triclocarban in river sediments: Field measurements and in vitro mechanism investigations. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:425-432. [PMID: 26386432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclocarban (TCC) reductive dechlorination was investigated using a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field monitoring revealed that TCC reductive dechlorination in river sediments leads to formation of two isomers of its lesser chlorinated congener namely 3,4'-dichlorocarbanilide and 4,4'-dichlorocarbanilide. Monochlorocarbanilide was not detected in sediments supporting that transformation of dichlorocarbanilide into monochlorocarbanilide is the rate limiting step of TCC dechlorination. In vitro experiments were conducted to study TCC potential reductive dechlorination mechanisms. These experiments demonstrated that 4,4'-dichlorocarbanilide was specifically formed upon a nucleophilic addition reaction under anaerobic conditions. The 3,4'-diclorocarbanilide was formed upon a two steps radical mechanism under aerobic conditions which includes TCC activation by one electron oxidation followed by a nucleophilic substitution reaction with glutathione. In vitro results suggested that strict anaerobic conditions might not be required for TCC reductive dechlorination in the environment. Moreover, in vitro reactions were performed using biomimetic or enzymatic systems supposing that TCC dechlorination might occur through microbial action in situ. Measured dichlorocarbanilide isomers/triclocarban ratios were used to evaluate the relative significance of both dechlorination pathways and the pathway leading to 3,4'-dichlorocarbanilide was found significant in all investigated river sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Souchier
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France
| | - Claude Casellas
- UMR Hydrosciences 5569, Université Montpellier, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Valérie Ingrand
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP 76, 78603 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR Hydrosciences 5569, Université Montpellier, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Gao L, Yuan T, Cheng P, Bai Q, Zhou C, Ao J, Wang W, Zhang H. Effects of triclosan and triclocarban on the growth inhibition, cell viability, genotoxicity and multixenobiotic resistance responses of Tetrahymena thermophila. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:434-440. [PMID: 26246462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The information about adverse effects of emerging contaminants on aquatic protozoa is very scarce. The growth inhibition effect, cell viability, genotoxicity and multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) responses of two commonly used antimicrobial agents, triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) to protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated in this study. The results revealed that TCS and TCC can inhibit the growth of T. thermophila with 24h EC50 values of 1063 and 295μgL(-1), respectively. The impairment of plasma membrane was observed after 2h exposure of TCS or TCC at the level of mg/L. Furthermore, it is noticeable that at environmentally relevant concentration (1.0μgL(-1)), both TCS and TCC can lead to statistically significant DNA damage in T. thermophila, while the inhibition of growth and change of cell viability cannot be observed. Our results firstly provide the evidence for genotoxic effects of TCS and TCC on the freshwater protozoan. Additionally, both TCS and TCC were found to inhibit the efflux transporter activities, with the inhibitory potencies of 39% and 40% (using verapamil as a model inhibitor), respectively. Particularly, TCC could significantly down-regulate the expression of MXR related gene Abcb15, which encodes the membrane efflux protein that acting as P-gp in T. thermophila. The results raise the awareness of potential aquatic ecological and human health risks from the exposure of TCS and TCC, as they might potentiate the toxic effects by chemosensitizing with co-existing toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qifeng Bai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junjie Ao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haimou Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Chen L, Wang Z, Jing Z, Wang Z, Cao S, Yu T. Accumulation and Risk of Triclosan in Surface Sediments Near the Outfalls of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:525-9. [PMID: 26271613 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent which is widely used in many personal care products. This toxic chemical is frequently found in the aquatic environment. The municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent has been reported to be one of the major sources for triclosan in the aquatic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the accumulation of triclosan in the surface sediments near the outfalls of the five major municipal WWTPs of Nanjing, China, as well as to evaluate its potential ecological risk. The concentration of triclosan in the sediment samples ranged from 48.3 to 226 ng/g dry weight, which was well correlated with the acute and genetic toxicity by bioassay. The results suggested that triclosan released from municipal WWTPs could accumulate in the surface sediments nearby and may pose undetermined risk to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqian Jing
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhulai Wang
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Cao
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Civil Engineering of Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
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37
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Dias AN, da Silva AC, Simão V, Merib J, Carasek E. A novel approach to bar adsorptive microextraction: Cork as extractor phase for determination of benzophenone, triclocarban and parabens in aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:59-66. [PMID: 26320959 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the use of cork as a new coating for bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE) and its application in determining benzophenone, triclocarban and parabens in aqueous samples by HPLC-DAD. In this study bars with 7.5 and 15 mm of length were used. The extraction and liquid desorption steps for BAμE were optimized employing multivariate and univariate procedures. The desorption time and solvent used for liquid desorption were optimized by univariate and multivariate studies, respectively. For the extraction step the sample pH was optimized by univariate experiments while the parameters extraction time and ionic strength were evaluated using the Doehlert design. The optimum extraction conditions were sample pH 5.5, NaCl concentration 25% and extraction time 90 min. Liquid desorption was carried out for 30 min with 250 μL (bar length of 15 mm) or 100 μL (bar length of 7.5 mm) of ACN:MeOH (50:50, v/v). The quantification limits varied between 1.6 and 20 μg L(-1) (bar length of 15 mm) and 0.64 and 8 μg L(-1) (bar length of 7.5 mm). The linear correlation coefficients were higher than 0.98 for both bars. The method with 7.5 mm bar length showed recovery values between 65 and 123%. The bar-to-bar reproducibility and the repeatability were lower than 13% (n = 2) and 14% (n = 3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Neves Dias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristine da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Simão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil.
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Liu WR, Zhao JL, Liu YS, Chen ZF, Yang YY, Zhang QQ, Ying GG. Biocides in the Yangtze River of China: spatiotemporal distribution, mass load and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 200:53-63. [PMID: 25697474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen biocides were investigated in the Yangtze River to understand their spatiotemporal distribution, mass loads and ecological risks. Fourteen biocides were detected, with the highest concentrations up to 166 ng/L for DEET in surface water, and 54.3 ng/g dry weight (dw) for triclocarban in sediment. The dominant biocides were DEET and methylparaben, with their detection frequencies of 100% in both phases. An estimate of 152 t/y of 14 biocides was carried by the Yangtze River to the East China Sea. The distribution of biocides in the aquatic environments was significantly correlated to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), suggesting dominant input sources from domestic wastewater of the cities along the river. Risk assessment showed high ecological risks posed by carbendazim in both phases and by triclosan in sediment. Therefore, proper measures should be taken to reduce the input of biocides into the river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
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Dai Y, Song Y, Wang S, Yuan Y. Treatment of halogenated phenolic compounds by sequential tri-metal reduction and laccase-catalytic oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:64-73. [PMID: 25596562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated phenolic compounds (HPCs) are exerting negative effects on human beings and ecological health. Zero-valence metal reduction can dehalogenate HPCs rapidly but cannot mineralize them. Enzymatic catalysis can oxidize phenolic compounds but fails to dehalogenate efficiently, and sometimes even produces more toxic products. In this study, [Fe|Ni|Cu] tri-metallic reduction (TMR) and laccase-catalytic oxidation (LCO) processes were combined to sequentially remove HPCs, including triclosan, tetrabromobisphenol A, and 2-bromo-4-fluorophenol in water. The kinetics, pH and temperature dependences of TMR and LCO were obtained. The detailed TMR, LCO, and TMR-LCO transformation pathways of three HPCs were well described based on the identification of intermediate products and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) theory. The results showed that the two-stage process worked synergically: TMR that reductively dehalogenated HPCs followed by LCO that completely removed dehalogenated products. TMR was proven to not only improve biodegradability of HPCs but also reduce the yield of potential carcinogenic by-products. Furthermore, a TMR-LCO flow reactor was assembled and launched for 256 h, during which >95% HPCs and >75% TOC were removed. Meanwhile, monitored by microorganism indicators, 83.2%-92.7% acute toxicity of HPCs was eliminated, and the genotoxicity, produced by LCO, was also avoided by using TMR as pretreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China; Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China; Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Siyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China; Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Urban Water Environmental Research, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China.
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40
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Souchier M, Benali-Raclot D, Benanou D, Boireau V, Gomez E, Casellas C, Chiron S. Screening triclocarban and its transformation products in river sediment using liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 502:199-205. [PMID: 25260165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and validated for the target screening of triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC) and its lesser and higher chlorinated congeners namely, 4,4'-dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorocarbanilide (3-Cl-TCC) and 2,3',4,4'-tetrachlorocarbanilide (2-Cl-TCC) in river sediment. Sediment samples were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction and quantification and identification of target compounds were carried by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The overall method recoveries were 89% with relative standard deviations below 6%. Method detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.12 ng/g. The usefulness of the method was demonstrated on sediment samples collected downstream of three wastewater treatment plants in an attempt to provide with a set of occurrence data of these biocides in France and for a better understanding of their fate in river. Major results are the following: TCC, DCC and 3-Cl-TCC were ubiquitously detected demonstrating that these emerging contaminants have been probably overlooked in France. Reductive dechlorination of TCC into DCC was also ubiquitous but predominated in anoxic sediment. 3-Cl-TCC is probably more persistent than TCC and LC-HRMS enabled the detection and identification of a suite of other chlorinated biocides in river sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Souchier
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier Université, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Veolia Recherche et Innovation, 36, Avenue Kleber, 75116 Paris 16ème arrondissement, France
| | - Dalel Benali-Raclot
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, 36, Avenue Kleber, 75116 Paris 16ème arrondissement, France
| | - David Benanou
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, 36, Avenue Kleber, 75116 Paris 16ème arrondissement, France
| | - Véronique Boireau
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, 36, Avenue Kleber, 75116 Paris 16ème arrondissement, France
| | - Elena Gomez
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier Université, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Claude Casellas
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier Université, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, Montpellier Université, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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41
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Huang CL, Ma HW, Yu CP. Substance flow analysis and assessment of environmental exposure potential for triclosan in mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 499:265-75. [PMID: 25194904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a widely-used antimicrobial agent in many consumer products around the world, and China is a major producer and consumer of TCS. In this study substance flow analysis (SFA) was used to construct a static model of anthropogenic TCS metabolism in China in 2008. The systematic SFA results were used to determine possible exposure pathways and trends in environmental exposure potential through different pathways. TCS discharged in wastewater mainly flowed into surface water sediment, ocean, and soil, where it accumulates in aquatic and agricultural products that may pose a higher risk to human health than brief exposure during consumption. Only 22% of TCS discharged was removed in the built environment with the remainder discharged into the natural environment, indicating that anthropogenic TCS metabolism in China is unsustainable. Per capita TCS consumption increased 209% from 2003 to 2012, resulting in increased discharge and accumulation in the environment. If current trends continue, it will increase to 713 mg capita(-1) yr(-1) in 2015 and 957 mg capita(-1) yr(-1) in 2020. Accordingly, annual environmental exposure potential will increase from 388 mg capita(-1) in 2008 to 557 mg capita(-1) in 2015 and 747 mg capita(-1) in 2020, indicating an increasing trend of exposure to environmental TCS. Results of Pearson correlation analysis suggested that feasible countermeasures to reduce environmental exposure potential for triclosan would include encouraging the development of small cities, raising awareness of health risks, nurturing environmentally-friendly consumer values, and improving the environmental performance of TCS-containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Long Huang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, 398, Donghai Street, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Hwong-Wen Ma
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 10660, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China.
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42
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Qiao X, Zheng X, Xie Q, Yang X, Xiao J, Xue W, Chen J. Faster photodegradation rate and higher dioxin yield of triclosan induced by cationic surfactant CTAB. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 275:210-214. [PMID: 24857904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan has received extensive attention as it has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Photolysis was found to be a major pathway governing the fate of triclosan in the aquatic environment. However, the effects of surfactants that usually coexist with triclosan, on the photodegradation of triclosan, are largely unknown. In this study, the effects of selected surfactants on the photodegradation of triclosan were investigated experimentally. The results show that anionic sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and neutral polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate inhibit the photolysis of triclosan, whereas cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) significantly accelerates the photodegradation rate of triclosan. The interactions between the hydrophilic group of CTAB and anionic triclosan lead to the apparent decrease of pKa of triclosan from 8.4 to 6.1, which increase the fraction of anionic triclosan from 4% to 89% in neutral solution. A red shift in the UV-VIS absorption spectrum is exhibited, thus leading to the increased photodegradation rate of triclosan. The accelerations caused by CTAB were observed under xenon lamp and Hg lamp irradiances, as well as under natural sunlight. Effect of CTAB demonstrated pH dependence with significantly enhancement under pH 5∼9 and inhibition at pH=3. The presence of CTAB also increased the yield of 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from the photolysis of triclosan about 7 times at pH=7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Weifeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
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43
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Krzmarzick MJ, Novak PJ. Removal of chlorinated organic compounds during wastewater treatment: achievements and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Wang XK, Jiang XJ, Wang YN, Sun J, Wang C, Shen TT. Occurrence, distribution, and multi-phase partitioning of triclocarban and triclosan in an urban river receiving wastewater treatment plants effluent in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:7065-7074. [PMID: 24535666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence, distribution, spatial and seasonal variations, and partitioning between aqueous phase and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in Xiaoqing River, which receives wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, were studied. The distribution of the total TCC and TCS levels in surface water and sediments along the river were discussed. The highest TCC and TCS concentrations were both found near the discharge port of WWTPs, and the TCC and TCS levels decreased downstream of the WWTPs as a result of their distances from the source of WWTP discharges. The mean values of TCC and TCS in low-flow season were 1.62 and 1.80 times, respectively, as much as in high-flow season in surface water. The study on partitioning of TCC and TCS between aqueous phase and SPM shown the mean level of dissolved TCC accounted for about 10 % of the total level in surface water, whereas the TCS level was about 30 %. The TCC concentrations detected in the surface sediment samples (0 to 5 cm) ranged from 226 to 1,956 ng/g, with a mean value of 733 ng/g. The TCS levels were between 85 and 705 ng/g, with a mean value of 255 ng/g. The distribution and variations of TCC and TCS in sediments along the river were highly consistent with those in the water phase. The TCC and TCS levels in deep sediments (5 to 10 cm) were significantly lower than those in surface sediments. The mean TCC level in surface sediments was about 2.4 times as much as in deep sediments, and the TCS level in surface sediments was 3.1 times as much as in deep sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Kui Wang
- School of Light Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China,
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45
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Pycke BG, Geer LA, Dalloul M, Abulafia O, Jenck AM, Halden RU. Human fetal exposure to triclosan and triclocarban in an urban population from Brooklyn, New York. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:8831-8. [PMID: 24971846 PMCID: PMC4123932 DOI: 10.1021/es501100w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobial agents formulated in a wide variety of consumer products (including soaps, toothpaste, medical devices, plastics, and fabrics) that are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In late 2014, the FDA will consider regulating the use of both chemicals, which are under scrutiny regarding lack of effectiveness, potential for endocrine disruption, and potential contribution to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Here, we report on body burdens of TCS and TCC resulting from real-world exposures during pregnancy. Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the concentrations of TCS, TCC, and its human metabolites (2'-hydroxy-TCC and 3'-hydroxy-TCC) as well as the manufacturing byproduct (3'-chloro-TCC) as total concentrations (Σ-) after conjugate hydrolysis in maternal urine and cord blood plasma from a cohort of 181 expecting mother/infant pairs in an urban multiethnic population from Brooklyn, NY recruited in 2007-09. TCS was detected in 100% of urine and 51% of cord blood samples after conjugate hydrolysis. The interquartile range (IQR) of detected TCS concentrations in urine was highly similar to the IQR reported previously for the age-matched population of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2004, but typically higher than the IQR reported previously for the general population (detection frequency = 74.6%). Urinary levels of TCC are reported here for the first time from real-world exposures during pregnancy, showing a median concentration of 0.21 μg/L. Urinary concentrations of TCC correlated well with its phase-I metabolite ∑-2'-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.49) and the manufacturing byproduct ∑-3'-chloro-TCC C (r = 0.79), and ∑-2'-hydroxy-TCC correlated strongly with ∑-3'-hydroxy-TCC (r = 0.99). This human biomonitoring study presents the first body burden data for TCC from exposures occurring during pregnancy and provides additional data on composite exposure to TCS (i.e., from both consumer-product use and environmental sources) in the maternal-fetal unit for an urban population in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny
F. G. Pycke
- Center
for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 781 East Terrace Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Laura A. Geer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational
Health Sciences, State University of New
York, Downstate School of Public
Health, Box 43, 450 Clarkson
Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United States
| | - Mudar Dalloul
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University
of New York Downstate Medical Center, 445 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United
States
| | - Ovadia Abulafia
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University
of New York Downstate Medical Center, 445 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, New York 11203, United
States
| | - Alizee M. Jenck
- Center
for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 781 East Terrace Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
| | - Rolf U. Halden
- Center
for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 781 East Terrace Mall, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United
States
- Phone: (480) 727-0893. E-mail:
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