1
|
Zhao L, Selvaratnam I, Cunningham J, Filion KB, Grandi SM. Maternal hypothyroidism and subsequent metabolic outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:490. [PMID: 39090558 PMCID: PMC11293156 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the fetus relies on maternal thyroid hormones in early pregnancy, maternal hypothyroidism plays an important role in fetal development. However, the association between maternal hypothyroidism and metabolic disease in offspring is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy and metabolic outcomes (obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia) in children < 18 years. METHODS We systematically searched 5 databases from inception to May 2023. Eligible studies included cohort, case-control, and randomized controlled trials involving children born to mothers with or without hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Data were pooled across studies using random-effects models for outcomes reported in at least three studies. Quality assessment was performed using the ROBINS-E tool for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for trials. RESULTS The search identified 3221 articles, of which 7 studies were included (1 trial, 6 observational). All studies were conducted outside of North America and ranged in size from 250 to > 1 million children. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 20 years. Included studies support an increased risk of hypertension and glucose dysregulation in offspring exposed to maternal hypothyroidism (hypertension: OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.75, 1.57 and HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.21, 2.69; diabetes: RR 2.7, 95% CI 0.7, 10). In the pooled analysis, maternal hypothyroidism was not associated with obesity in offspring (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.64, 1.70). CONCLUSION This study found inconsistent evidence on the association between maternal hypothyroidism in pregnancy and metabolic outcomes in offspring, though associations with hypertension and glucose dysregulation are possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Inthuja Selvaratnam
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristian B Filion
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sonia M Grandi
- Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Galow AM, Brenmoehl J, Hoeflich A. Synergistic effects of hormones on structural and functional maturation of cardiomyocytes and implications for heart regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:240. [PMID: 37541969 PMCID: PMC10403476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The limited endogenous regenerative capacity of the human heart renders cardiovascular diseases a major health threat, thus motivating intense research on in vitro heart cell generation and cell replacement therapies. However, so far, in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes share a rather fetal phenotype, limiting their utility for drug testing and cell-based heart repair. Various strategies to foster cellular maturation provide some success, but fully matured cardiomyocytes are still to be achieved. Today, several hormones are recognized for their effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation, and function. Here, we will discuss how the endocrine system impacts cardiomyocyte maturation. After detailing which features characterize a mature phenotype, we will contemplate hormones most promising to induce such a phenotype, the routes of their action, and experimental evidence for their significance in this process. Due to their pleiotropic effects, hormones might be not only valuable to improve in vitro heart cell generation but also beneficial for in vivo heart regeneration. Accordingly, we will also contemplate how the presented hormones might be exploited for hormone-based regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kotsopoulou I, Vyas AK, Cory MJ, Chan CS, Jagarapu J, Gill S, Mudduluru M, Angelis D. Developmental changes of the fetal and neonatal thyroid gland and functional consequences on the cardiovascular system. J Perinatol 2022; 42:1576-1586. [PMID: 36376450 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and function of the cardiac myocyte. Dysregulation of the thyroid hormone milieu affects the fetal cardiac cells via complex molecular mechanisms, either by altering gene expression or directly by affecting post-translational processes. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the effects of thyroid hormones on the developing cardiovascular system and its adaptation. Furthermore, we will highlight the gaps in knowledge and provide suggestions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kotsopoulou
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arpita K Vyas
- Division of Pediatrics and Endocrinology, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Melinda J Cory
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina S Chan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jawahar Jagarapu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shamaila Gill
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manjula Mudduluru
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dimitrios Angelis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed RE, Tokuyama T, Anzai T, Chanthra N, Uosaki H. Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210325. [PMID: 36189811 PMCID: PMC9527934 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac development, cardiomyocytes mature and turn into adult ones. Hence, all cellular properties, including morphology, structure, physiology and metabolism, are changed. One of the most important aspects is the contractile apparatus, of which the minimum unit is known as a sarcomere. Sarcomere maturation is evident by enhanced sarcomere alignment, ultrastructural organization and myofibrillar isoform switching. Any maturation process failure may result in cardiomyopathy. Sarcomere function is intricately related to other organelles, and the growing evidence suggests reciprocal regulation of sarcomere and mitochondria on their maturation. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism that regulates sarcomere maturation and the interplay between sarcomere and other organelles in cardiomyocyte maturation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razan E Ahmed
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Anzai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nawin Chanthra
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zuñiga LFF, Muñoz YS, Pustovrh MC. Thyroid hormones: Metabolism and transportation in the fetoplacental unit. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:526-539. [PMID: 36208482 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are of vital importance for fetal development. The concentration of THs in fetal circulation varies throughout gestation and differs from the concentration in the maternal serum, indicating the presence of maternal-fetal thyroid homeostasis regulatory mechanisms in the placenta. The passage of THs from maternal circulation to fetal circulation is modulated by plasma membrane transporters, enzymes, and carrier proteins. Monocarboxylate transporter 8, iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO2 and DIO3), and transthyretin are especially involved in this maternal-fetal thyroid modulation, shown by a greater expression in the placenta. THs also play a role in placental development and as expected, abnormal variations in TH levels are associated with pregnancy complications and can result in damage to the fetus. Although new evidence regarding TH regulation during pregnancy and its effects in the mother, placenta, and fetus has been published, many aspects of these interactions are still poorly understood. The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based update, drawn from current data, on the metabolism and transport of THs in the placenta and their vital role in the maternal-fetal relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe Falla Zuñiga
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yhoiss Smiht Muñoz
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Carolina Pustovrh
- Department of Morphology, College of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thyroid and Corticosteroid Signaling in Amphibian Metamorphosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101595. [PMID: 35626631 PMCID: PMC9139329 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, development is based in part on the integration of communication systems. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in orchestrating body morphogenesis. In all vertebrates, the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis controls thyroid hormone production and release, whereas the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axis regulates the production and release of corticosteroids. One of the most salient effects of thyroid hormones and corticosteroids in post-embryonic developmental processes is their critical role in metamorphosis in anuran amphibians. Metamorphosis involves modifications to the morphological and biochemical characteristics of all larval tissues to enable the transition from one life stage to the next life stage that coincides with an ecological niche switch. This transition in amphibians is an example of a widespread phenomenon among vertebrates, where thyroid hormones and corticosteroids coordinate a post-embryonic developmental transition. The review addresses the functions and interactions of thyroid hormone and corticosteroid signaling in amphibian development (metamorphosis) as well as the developmental roles of these two pathways in vertebrate evolution.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lisco G, Giagulli VA, Iovino M, Zupo R, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V. Endocrine system dysfunction and chronic heart failure: a clinical perspective. Endocrine 2022; 75:360-376. [PMID: 34713389 PMCID: PMC8553109 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to an excess of urgent ambulatory visits, recurrent hospital admissions, morbidity, and mortality regardless of medical and non-medical management of the disease. This excess of risk may be attributable, at least in part, to comorbid conditions influencing the development and progression of CHF. In this perspective, the authors examined and described the most common endocrine disorders observed in patients with CHF, particularly in individuals with reduced ejection fraction, aiming to qualify the risks, quantify the epidemiological burden and discuss about the potential role of endocrine treatment. Thyroid dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with CHF, and sometimes it could be the consequence of certain medications (e.g., amiodarone). Male and female hypogonadism may also coexist in this clinical context, contributing to deteriorating the prognosis of these patients. Furthermore, growth hormone deficiency may affect the development of adult myocardium and predispose to CHF. Limited recommendation suggests to screen endocrine disorders in CHF patients, but it could be interesting to evaluate possible endocrine dysfunction in this setting, especially when a high suspicion coexists. Data referring to long-term safety and effectiveness of endocrine treatments in patients with CHF are limited, and their impact on several "hard" endpoints (such as hospital admission, all-cause, and cardiovascular mortality) are still poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Iovino
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Guastamacchia
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, Saverio de Bellis, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carvalho DP, Dias AF, Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Gaps in the knowledge of thyroid hormones and placental biology. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:1033-1048. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are required for the growth and development of the foetus, stimulating anabolism and oxygen consumption from the early stages of pregnancy to the period of foetal differentiation close to delivery. Maternal changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary thyroid axis are also well known. In contrast, several open questions remain regarding the relationships between the placenta and the maternal and foetal TH systems. The exact mechanism by which the placenta participates in regulating the TH concentration in the foetus and mother and the role of TH in the placenta are still poorly studied. In this review, we aim to summarize the available data in the area and highlight significant gaps in our understanding of the ontogeny and cell-specific localization of TH transporters, TH receptors and TH metabolic enzymes in the placenta in both human and rodent models. Significant deficiencies also exist in knowledge of the contribution of genomic and nongenomic effects of TH on the placenta and finally how the placenta reacts during pregnancy when the mother has thyroid disease. By addressing these key knowledge gaps, improved pregnancy outcomes and management of women with thyroid alterations may be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Ding Q, Guo W. Life Course Impact of Glucocorticoids During Pregnancy on Muscle Development and Function. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021; 2. [PMID: 36325303 PMCID: PMC9624510 DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.788930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress, such as maternal obesity, can induce severe gestational disease and hormonal disorder which may disrupt fetal organ maturation and further cause endangered early or future health in offspring. During fetal development, glucocorticoids are essential for the maturation of organ systems. For instance, in clinical applications, glucocorticoids are commonly utilized to pregnant women with the risk of preterm delivery to reduce mortality of the newborns. However, exposure of excessive glucocorticoids at embryonic and fetal developmental stages can cause diseases such as cardiovascular disease and muscle atrophy in adulthood. Effects of excessive glucocorticoids on human health are well-recognized and extensively studied. Nonetheless, effects of these hormones on farm animal growth and development, particularly on prenatal muscle development, and postnatal growth, did not attract much attention until the last decade. Here, we provided a short review of the recent progress relating to the effect of glucocorticoids on prenatal skeletal muscle development and postnatal muscle growth as well as heart muscle development and cardiovascular disease during life course.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mineral Micronutrients in Asthma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114001. [PMID: 34836256 PMCID: PMC8625329 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rousseau K, Dufour S, Sachs LM. Interdependence of Thyroid and Corticosteroid Signaling in Vertebrate Developmental Transitions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.735487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-embryonic acute developmental processes mainly allow the transition from one life stage in a specific ecological niche to the next life stage in a different ecological niche. Metamorphosis, an emblematic type of these post-embryonic developmental processes, has occurred repeatedly and independently in various phylogenetic groups throughout metazoan evolution, such as in cnidarian, insects, molluscs, tunicates, or vertebrates. This review will focus on metamorphoses and developmental transitions in vertebrates, including typical larval metamorphosis in anuran amphibians, larval and secondary metamorphoses in teleost fishes, egg hatching in sauropsids and birth in mammals. Two neuroendocrine axes, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, are central players in the regulation of these life transitions. The review will address the molecular and functional evolution of these axes and their interactions. Mechanisms of integration of internal and environmental cues, and activation of these neuroendocrine axes represent key questions in an “eco-evo-devo” perspective of metamorphosis. The roles played by developmental transitions in the innovation, adaptation, and plasticity of life cycles throughout vertebrates will be discussed. In the current context of global climate change and habitat destruction, the review will also address the impact of environmental factors, such as global warming and endocrine disruptors on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axes, and regulation of developmental transitions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Adu-Gyamfi EA, Wang YX, Ding YB. The interplay between thyroid hormones and the placenta: a comprehensive review†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:8-17. [PMID: 31494673 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a number of metabolic processes during pregnancy. After implantation, the placenta forms and enhances embryonic growth and development. Dysregulated maternal THs signaling has been observed in malplacentation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not been fully characterized. In this review, we have discussed THs signaling and its roles in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis. We have also explored the relationship between specific pregnancy complications and placental THs transporters, deiodinases, and THs receptors. In addition, we have examined the effects of specific endocrine disruptors on placental THs signaling. The available evidence indicates that THs signaling is involved in the formation and functioning of the placenta and serves as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysthyroidism-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and IUGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tampakakis E, Mahmoud AI. The role of hormones and neurons in cardiomyocyte maturation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:136-143. [PMID: 33931308 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The heart undergoes profound morphological and functional changes as it continues to mature postnatally. However, this phase of cardiac development remains understudied. More recently, cardiac maturation research has attracted a lot of interest due to the need for more mature stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug screening and heart regeneration. Additionally, neonatal heart injury models have been utilized to study heart regeneration, and factors regulating postnatal heart development have been associated with adult cardiac disease. Critical components of cardiac maturation are systemic and local biochemical cues. Specifically, cardiac innervation and the concentration of various metabolic hormones appear to increase perinatally and they have striking effects on cardiomyocytes. Here, we first report some of the key parameters of mature cardiomyocytes and then discuss the specific effects of neurons and hormonal cues on cardiomyocyte maturation. We focus primarily on the structural, electrophysiologic, metabolic, hypertrophic and hyperplastic effects of each factor. This review highlights the significance of underappreciated regulators of cardiac maturation and underscores the need for further research in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Palacios-Martinez J, Caballero-Perez J, Espinal-Centeno A, Marquez-Chavoya G, Lomeli H, Salas-Vidal E, Schnabel D, Chimal-Monroy J, Cruz-Ramirez A. Multi-organ transcriptomic landscape of Ambystoma velasci metamorphosis. Dev Biol 2020; 466:22-35. [PMID: 32828730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a postembryonic developmental process that involves morphophysiological and behavioral changes, allowing organisms to adapt into a novel environment. In some amphibians, aquatic organisms undergo metamorphosis to adapt in a terrestrial environment. In this process, these organisms experience major changes in their circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproductive systems. We performed a transcriptional global analysis of heart, lung and gills during diverse stages of Ambystoma velasci to investigate its metamorphosis. In our analyses, we identified eight gene clusters for each organ, according to the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes. We found 4064 differentially expressed genes in the heart, 4107 in the lung and 8265 in the gills. Among the differentially expressed genes in the heart, we observed genes involved in the differentiation of cardiomyocytes in the interatrial zone, vasculogenesis and in the maturation of coronary vessels. In the lung, we found genes differentially expressed related to angiogenesis, alveolarization and synthesis of the surfactant protein. In the case of the gills, the most prominent biological processes identified are degradation of extracellular matrix, apoptosis and keratin production. Our study sheds light on the transcriptional responses and the pathways modulation involved in the transformation of the facultative metamorphic salamander A. velasci in an organ-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Palacios-Martinez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Caballero-Perez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico; Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Annie Espinal-Centeno
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Marquez-Chavoya
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Hilda Lomeli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Enrique Salas-Vidal
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Denhi Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y FisioloMéxico Citygía Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor, 62250, Mexico
| | - Jesus Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramirez
- Molecular & Developmental Complexity Group, Unit of Advanced Genomics, UGA-CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Watson JK, Sanders P, Dunmore R, Rosignoli G, Julé Y, Rawlins EL, Mustelin T, May R, Clarke D, Finch DK. Distal lung epithelial progenitor cell function declines with age. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10490. [PMID: 32591591 PMCID: PMC7319976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue stem cell exhaustion is a key hallmark of aging, and in this study, we characterised its manifestation in the distal lung. We compared the lungs of 3- and 22-month old mice. We examined the gross morphological changes in these lungs, the density and function of epithelial progenitor populations and the epithelial gene expression profile. Bronchioles became smaller in their cross-sectional area and diameter. Using long-term EdU incorporation analysis and immunohistochemistry, we found that bronchiolar cell density remained stable with aging, but inferred rates of bronchiolar club progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation were reduced, indicative of an overall slowdown in cellular turnover. Alveolar Type II progenitor cell density and self-renewal were maintained per unit tissue area with aging, but rates of inferred differentiation into Type I cells, and indeed overall density of Type I cells was reduced. Microarray analysis revealed age-related changes in multiple genes, including some with roles in proliferation and differentiation, and in IGF and TGFβ signalling pathways. By characterising how lung stem cell dynamics change with aging, this study will elucidate how they contribute to age-related loss of pulmonary function, and pathogenesis of common age-related pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Watson
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Philip Sanders
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Dunmore
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guglielmo Rosignoli
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yvon Julé
- Biocellvia, 10 rue Grignan, Marseille, 13001, France
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd., Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard May
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah Clarke
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Donna K Finch
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Slaats RH, Schwach V, Passier R. Metabolic environment in vivo as a blueprint for differentiation and maturation of human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165881. [PMID: 32562698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are increasingly being used for disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, to date, an immature, fetal-like, phenotype of hPSC-CMs restrains their full potential. Increasing evidence suggests that the metabolic state, particularly important for provision of sufficient energy in highly active contractile CMs and anabolic and regulatory processes, plays an important role in CM maturation, which affects crucial functional aspects of CMs, such as contractility and electrophysiology. During embryonic development the heart is subjected to metabolite concentrations that differ substantially from that of hPSC-derived cardiac cell cultures. A deeper understanding of the environmental and metabolic cues during embryonic heart development and how these change postnatally, will provide a framework for optimizing cell culture conditions and maturation of hPSC-CMs. Maturation of hPSC-CMs will improve the predictability of disease modeling, drug screening and drug safety assessment and broadens their applicability for personalized and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H Slaats
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Zeng L, Zhang X, Wang B, Zhou Y, Jing T. Structure-Directed Screening and Analysis of Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals Targeting Transthyretin Based on Molecular Recognition and Chromatographic Separation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5437-5445. [PMID: 32252528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) poses a great threat to human health. However, the screening and analysis of TDCs in environmental samples remain a tough work. In this study, we reported a structure-directed strategy for analyzing TDCs targeting transthyretin (TTR) based on molecular imprinting and chromatographic separation. The imprinted composites were prepared using l-thyroxine (T4) as a template and a tryptophan-like monomer screened from the amino acid library. The imprinted composites exhibited an adsorption capacity of 22.2 μmol g-1 for T4 and an imprinting factor of 2.1. Chromatographic testing was then conducted among 72 chemicals using the imprinted composites-packed column. High retention factors were observed for chemicals that were structurally similar to T4. The chromatographic results were compared with a data set of 45 chemicals with known activities toward TTR. The results suggested that chemicals can be distinguished as TTR binders and nonbinders by retention factors, with a predictive accuracy of more than 90%. Moreover, the retention factors of chemicals were highly correlated with the reported relative potencies obtained from TTR assays. Thus, screening of TTR-binding chemicals can be realized through this simple chromatographic method. The imprinted composites were applied for target analysis and nontarget analysis of TTR-binding chemicals in dust samples. Three new TTR binders were successfully identified and verified by this method. The combination of molecular imprinting and chromatography opens up a new approach for screening TDCs targeting TTR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Lingshuai Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Bingmao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yikai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Buffenstein R, Lewis KN, Gibney PA, Narayan V, Grimes KM, Smith M, Lin TD, Brown-Borg HM. Probing Pedomorphy and Prolonged Lifespan in Naked Mole-Rats and Dwarf Mice. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:96-111. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedomorphy, maintenance of juvenile traits throughout life, is most pronounced in extraordinarily long-lived naked mole-rats. Many of these traits (e.g., slow growth rates, low hormone levels, and delayed sexual maturity) are shared with spontaneously mutated, long-lived dwarf mice. Although some youthful traits likely evolved as adaptations to subterranean habitats (e.g., thermolability), the nature of these intrinsic pedomorphic features may also contribute to their prolonged youthfulness, longevity, and healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tzuhua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mourouzis I, Lavecchia AM, Xinaris C. Thyroid Hormone Signalling: From the Dawn of Life to the Bedside. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:88-103. [PMID: 31451837 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signalling is a key modulator of fundamental biological processes that has been evolutionarily conserved in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. TH may have initially emerged as a nutrient signal to convey environmental information to organisms to induce morpho-anatomical changes that could maximise the exploitation of environmental resources, and eventually integrated into the machinery of gene regulation and energy production to become a key regulator of development and metabolism. As such, TH signalling is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli, and its alterations result in fundamental changes in homeostasis and physiology. Stressful stimuli of various origins lead to changes in the TH-TH receptor (TR) axis in different adult mammalian organs that are associated with phenotypical changes in terminally differentiated cells, the reactivation of foetal development programmes, structural remodelling and pathological growth. Here, we discuss the evolution of TH signalling, review evolutionarily conserved functions of THs in essential biological processes, such as metamorphosis and perinatal development, and analyse the role of TH signalling in the phenotypical and morphological changes that occur after injury, repair and regeneration in adult mammalian organs. Finally, we examine the potential of TH treatment as a therapeutic strategy for improving organ structure and functions following injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iordanis Mourouzis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Ave., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Angelo Michele Lavecchia
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Christodoulos Xinaris
- Laboratory of Organ Regeneration, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Stezzano 87, 24126, Bergamo, Italy. .,University of Nicosia Medical School, 93 Agiou Nikolaou Street, Engomi, 2408, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chattergoon NN. Thyroid hormone signaling and consequences for cardiac development. J Endocrinol 2019; 242:T145-T160. [PMID: 31117055 PMCID: PMC6613780 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The fetal heart undergoes its own growth and maturation stages all while supplying blood and nutrients to the growing fetus and its organs. Immature contractile cardiomyocytes proliferate to rapidly increase and establish cardiomyocyte endowment in the perinatal period. Maturational changes in cellular maturation, size and biochemical capabilities occur, and require, a changing hormonal environment as the fetus prepares itself for the transition to extrauterine life. Thyroid hormone has long been known to be important for neuronal development, but also for fetal size and survival. Fetal circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) levels surge near term in mammals and are responsible for maturation of several organ systems, including the heart. Growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate proliferation of fetal cardiomyocytes, while thyroid hormone has been shown to inhibit proliferation and drive maturation of the cells. Several cell signaling pathways appear to be involved in this complicated and coordinated process. The aim of this review was to discuss the foundational studies of thyroid hormone physiology and the mechanisms responsible for its actions as we speculate on potential fetal programming effects for cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Chattergoon
- Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hsu JS, Zhang R, Yeung F, Tang CSM, Wong JKL, So MT, Xia H, Sham P, Tam PK, Li M, Wong KKY, Garcia-Barcelo MM. Cancer gene mutations in congenital pulmonary airway malformation patients. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00196-2018. [PMID: 30740464 PMCID: PMC6360213 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00196-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newborns affected with congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs) may present with severe respiratory distress or remain asymptomatic. While surgical resection is the definitive treatment for symptomatic CPAMs, prophylactic elective surgery may be recommended for asymptomatic CPAMs owing to the risk of tumour development. However, the implementation of prophylactic surgery is quite controversial on the grounds that more evidence linking CPAMs and cancer is needed. The large gap in knowledge of CPAM pathogenesis results in uncertainties and controversies in disease management. As developmental genes control postnatal cell growth and contribute to cancer development, we hypothesised that CPAMs may be underlain by germline mutations in genes governing airways development. Methods Sequencing of the exome of 19 patients and their unaffected parents. Results A more than expected number of mutations in cancer genes (false discovery rate q-value <5.01×10−5) was observed. The co-occurrence, in the same patient, of damaging variants in genes encoding interacting proteins is intriguing, the most striking being thyroglobulin (TG) and its receptor, megalin (LRP2). Both genes are highly relevant in lung development and cancer. Conclusions The overall excess of mutations in cancer genes may account for the reported association of CPAMs with carcinomas and provide some evidence to argue for prophylactic surgery by some surgeons. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) patients have more than expected numbers of damaging variants in genes involved in lung carcinoma; this may provide evidence for clinicians choosing to adopt prophylactic excision in CPAMhttp://ow.ly/h1AE30n4DIe
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Dept of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Genomics Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Dept of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanny Yeung
- Dept of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clara S M Tang
- Dept of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John K L Wong
- Dept of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Ting So
- Dept of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Dept of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pak Sham
- Dept of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Genomics Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K Tam
- Dept of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Dept of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Genomics Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Dept of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Agnew EJ, Ivy JR, Stock SJ, Chapman KE. Glucocorticoids, antenatal corticosteroid therapy and fetal heart maturation. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:R61-R73. [PMID: 29720513 PMCID: PMC5976079 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential in mammals to mature fetal organs and tissues in order to survive after birth. Hence, antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (termed antenatal corticosteroid therapy) can be life-saving in preterm babies and is commonly used in women at risk of preterm birth. While the effects of glucocorticoids on lung maturation have been well described, the effects on the fetal heart remain less clear. Experiments in mice have shown that endogenous glucocorticoid action is required to mature the fetal heart. However, whether the potent synthetic glucocorticoids used in antenatal corticosteroid therapy have similar maturational effects on the fetal heart is less clear. Moreover, antenatal corticosteroid therapy may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Here, we present a narrative review of the evidence relating to the effects of antenatal glucocorticoid action on the fetal heart and discuss the implications for antenatal corticosteroid therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Agnew
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah J Stock
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen E Chapman
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of Edinburgh, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to K E Chapman:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu X, Andersen SL, Olsen J, Agerbo E, Schlünssen V, Dharmage SC, Munk-Olsen T. Maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma in the offspring. Allergy 2018; 73:932-939. [PMID: 29159833 DOI: 10.1111/all.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in the possible link between maternal hypothyroidism in the perinatal period and childhood asthma risk. We explored this in this study while accounting for the timing of hypothyroidism diagnosis. Further, we evaluated whether the risk was moderated by thyroid hormone treatment during pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using Danish national registers. All live-born singletons in Denmark from 1998 to 2007 were identified. Maternal hypothyroidism and asthma in the children were defined by data from the Patient Register and Prescription Registry. We estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of asthma among children born to hypothyroid mothers versus children born to mothers with no recorded thyroid dysfunction using Poisson regression models. RESULTS Of 595 669 children, 3524 children were born to mothers with hypothyroidism diagnosed before delivery and 4664 diagnosed after delivery. Overall, 48 990 children received treatment for asthma. The IRRs of asthma was 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.30) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02-1.24) for children born to mothers with hypothyroidism diagnosed before and after delivery, compared to children born to mothers with no thyroid dysfunction. The highest risk was observed among children born to mothers with hypothyroidism diagnosed before delivery who did not receive thyroid hormone treatment during pregnancy (IRR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.04-1.80). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal hypothyroidism, especially when it is untreated, increases childhood asthma risk. Early detection and appropriate treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnant women may be an area for possible prevention of childhood asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Liu
- The National Center for Register-based Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - S. L. Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | - J. Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Epidemiology; Fielding School of Public Health; University of California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - E. Agerbo
- The National Center for Register-based Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-based Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH; Aarhus Denmark
| | - V. Schlünssen
- Section for Environmental, Occupational and Health; Department of Public Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- National Research Center for the Working Environment; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. C. Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - T. Munk-Olsen
- The National Center for Register-based Research; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dysthyroidism and Chronic Heart Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1067:239-253. [PMID: 29235066 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF), dysthyroidism represents a relevant problem especially in the ageing CHF patients worldwide. Thyroid greatly affects many cardiovascular activities and its dysfunction may worsen a CHF condition. In particular, hypothyroidism has a relative high prevalence in patients with heart failure and it plays a key role in influencing CHF onset, progression and prognosis. Hyperthyroidism, is less frequent in this clinical context but it necessitates of immediate treatment because of its negative effects on cardiovascular balance. Also, it must be considered that dysthyroism may also be iatrogenic and the main responsible drug is Amiodarone.Based on the best available evidence and our cumulative clinical experience, this manuscript analyzes the prevalence, the pathophysiology and the prognostic impact of thyroid disorders in chronic heart failure.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypothyroidism has an insidious onset and relatively asymptomatic, exertional dyspnea and fatigue can be the presenting complaints. OBJECTIVES The aim is to assess functional lung impairment in hypothyroid patients both at rest and during exercise. METHODS A case-control study was carried out on 42 patients with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism and 12 control subjects. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on high value of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥6 μIU/ml, and low value of free thyroxin (FT4) ≤0.8 ng/dl, both groups had chest X-ray, spirometry, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO), arterial blood gases (ABGs) and symptom-limited exercise testing using treadmill. RESULTS Both groups were comparable as regard age, sex, and body mass index. Although ABG and spirometry were within normal in both groups, forced vital capacity %, and forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) % were significantly reduced in the hypothyroid group (P = 0.014, 0.000, respectively), DLCO significantly reduced in hypothyroidism (P = 0.005). As regard exercise testing parameters, maximum oxygen consumption %, minute ventilation, tidal volume, and oxygen pulse were significantly reduced in hypothyroidism (0.005, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.02 respectively). TSH significantly negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s %, FEF25-75%, and DLCO while they significantly positively correlated with FT4. CONCLUSION Even with the presence of normal chest X-ray, arterial blood gases, and spirometry in patients with hypothyroidism DLCO and exercise testing parameters can be significantly reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiaa Hamdy Sadek
- Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Walaa Anwar Khalifa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Assiut University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Metwally Azoz
- Department of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assuit, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ali ER. Assessment of functional lung impairment in patients with thyroid disorders. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1687-8426.193641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
27
|
Hou J, Yu P, Zhu H, Pan H, Li N, Yang H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Wang B, Wang Y, You L, Chen S. The impact of maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:9-13. [PMID: 26527131 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1104296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of maternal hypothyroidism on neonatal outcomes were not definitely confirmed. We conduct a systematic review of the literatures on the impact of maternal hypothyroidism on neonatal outcomes. We searched Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases complemented by manual searches in article references without language restrictions published from 1946 to April 2015. Nine trials are included. For preterm birth in pregnancies of hypothyroidism women, there is an increased tendency (RR 1.18; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.40; p = 0.06). The same result is seen relating to the low birth weight (RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.72; p = 0.05). Regarding small for gestational age there is no significant increase. Children who were born from mothers with hypothyroidism during pregnancy have increased birth weight (MD 32.35, 95% CI 7.46 to 57.24; p = 0.01). The impact of maternal hypothyroidism shows a trend of reduced risk of large for gestational age (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.38; p = 0.06). Our review suggests that mothers with hypothyroidism during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to children with higher birth weight or LGA, and L-T4 supplementation should be recommended. The risk of preterm birth and low birth weight also tends to be higher in children with hypothyroidism mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Hui Pan
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Naishi Li
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Hongbo Yang
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Yu Jiang
- b School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Linjie Wang
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| | - Bo Wang
- b School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- b School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Lili You
- b School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Shi Chen
- a Department of Endocrinology , Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vujovic M, Dudazy-Gralla S, Hård J, Solsjö P, Warner A, Vennström B, Mittag J. Thyroid hormone drives the expression of mouse carbonic anhydrase Car4 in kidney, lung and brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 416:19-26. [PMID: 26319697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is a well-known regulator of brain, lung and kidney development and function. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the hormone exerts its function have remained largely enigmatic, and only a limited set of target genes have been identified in these tissues. Using a mouse model with a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1), we here demonstrate that the expression of carbonic anhydrase 4 in lung and brain of the adult animal depends on intact TRα1 signaling. In the kidney, carbonic anhydrase 4 mRNA and protein are not affected by the mutant TRα1, but are acutely repressed by thyroid hormone. However, neither lung function--as measured by respiration rate and oxygen saturation--nor urine pH levels were affected by altered carbonic anhydrase 4 levels, suggesting that other carbonic anhydrases are likely to compensate. Taken together, our findings identify a previously unknown marker of TRα1 action in brain and lung, and provide a novel negatively regulated target gene to assess renal thyroid hormone status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vujovic
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susi Dudazy-Gralla
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Hård
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Solsjö
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amy Warner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Vennström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Mittag
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Universität zu Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik 1/Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Souza KDP, Nunes MT. Neonatal hyper- and hypothyroidism alter the myoglobin gene expression program in adulthood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 47:670-8. [PMID: 25098716 PMCID: PMC4165294 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20142875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin acts as an oxygen store and a reactive oxygen species acceptor in muscles.
We examined myoglobin mRNA in rat cardiac ventricle and skeletal muscles during the
first 42 days of life and the impact of transient neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism
on the myoglobin gene expression pattern. Cardiac ventricle and skeletal muscles of
Wistar rats at 7-42 days of life were quickly removed, and myoglobin mRNA was
determined by Northern blot analysis. Rats were treated with propylthiouracil (5-10
mg/100 g) and triiodothyronine (0.5-50 µg/100 g) for 5, 15, or 30 days after birth to
induce hypo- and hyperthyroidism and euthanized either just after treatment or at 90
days. During postnatal (P) days 7-28, the ventricle myoglobin mRNA remained
unchanged, but it gradually increased in skeletal muscle (12-fold). Triiodothyronine
treatment, from days P0-P5, increased the skeletal muscle myoglobin mRNA 1.5- to
4.5-fold; a 2.5-fold increase was observed in ventricle muscle, but only when
triiodothyronine treatment was extended to day P15. Conversely, hypothyroidism at P5
markedly decreased (60%) ventricular myoglobin mRNA. Moreover, transient
hyperthyroidism in the neonatal period increased ventricle myoglobin mRNA (2-fold),
and decreased heart rate (5%), fast muscle myoglobin mRNA (30%) and body weight (20%)
in adulthood. Transient hypothyroidism in the neonatal period also permanently
decreased fast muscle myoglobin mRNA (30%) and body weight (14%). These results
indicated that changes in triiodothyronine supply in the neonatal period alter the
myoglobin expression program in ventricle and skeletal muscle, leading to specific
physiological repercussions and alterations in other parameters in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K de Picoli Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - M T Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Veerman CC, Kosmidis G, Mummery CL, Casini S, Verkerk AO, Bellin M. Immaturity of Human Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Culture: Fatal Flaw or Soluble Problem? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1035-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan C. Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georgios Kosmidis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Godoy GAF, Korevaar TIM, Peeters RP, Hofman A, de Rijke YB, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Tiemeier H, Jaddoe VWV, Gaillard R. Maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy, childhood adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors: the Generation R Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:117-25. [PMID: 24386874 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variation in maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy may permanently affect childhood growth and cardiovascular development. We examined the associations of early pregnancy maternal TSH and free T4 (FT4) levels with childhood growth, body composition and cardiovascular characteristics. METHODS We performed a population-based prospective cohort study among 5646 mothers and their children. Maternal thyroid parameters were assessed in early pregnancy (median: 13·2 weeks; 95% range: 9·7-17·6 weeks). Childhood growth was repeatedly measured from birth to 6 years. At the age of 6 years, childhood body mass index (BMI), total body and abdominal fat distribution, blood pressure and left ventricular mass were measured. RESULTS Maternal thyroid parameters were not consistently associated with childhood length and weight growth characteristics. Lower maternal TSH levels were associated with lower childhood BMI, total fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous fat mass area and diastolic blood pressure (P-values <0·05), but not with preperitoneal abdominal fat mass area, systolic blood pressure or left ventricular mass. Higher maternal FT4 levels were associated with lower childhood BMI, abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat mass area (P for trends <0·05), but not with other cardiovascular characteristics. Clinically maternal hypothyroid or hyperthyroid statuses were not associated with childhood growth, body fat or cardiovascular outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy may influence childhood body composition and cardiovascular development. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to examine the influence of maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy on long-term growth and cardiovascular development in the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A F Godoy
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thorwarth A, Schnittert-Hübener S, Schrumpf P, Müller I, Jyrch S, Dame C, Biebermann H, Kleinau G, Katchanov J, Schuelke M, Ebert G, Steininger A, Bönnemann C, Brockmann K, Christen HJ, Crock P, deZegher F, Griese M, Hewitt J, Ivarsson S, Hübner C, Kapelari K, Plecko B, Rating D, Stoeva I, Ropers HH, Grüters A, Ullmann R, Krude H. Comprehensive genotyping and clinical characterisation reveal 27 novel NKX2-1 mutations and expand the phenotypic spectrum. J Med Genet 2014; 51:375-87. [PMID: 24714694 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKX2-1 encodes a transcription factor with large impact on the development of brain, lung and thyroid. Germline mutations of NKX2-1 can lead to dysfunction and malformations of these organs. Starting from the largest coherent collection of patients with a suspected phenotype to date, we systematically evaluated frequency, quality and spectrum of phenotypic consequences of NKX2-1 mutations. METHODS After identifying mutations by Sanger sequencing and array CGH, we comprehensively reanalysed the phenotype of affected patients and their relatives. We employed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to detect alterations of NKX2-1 DNA binding. Gene expression was monitored by means of in situ hybridisation and compared with the expression level of MBIP, a candidate gene presumably involved in the disorders and closely located in close genomic proximity to NKX2-1. RESULTS Within 101 index patients, we detected 17 point mutations and 10 deletions. Neurological symptoms were the most consistent finding (100%), followed by lung affection (78%) and thyroidal dysfunction (75%). Novel symptoms associated with NKX2-1 mutations comprise abnormal height, bouts of fever and cardiac septum defects. In contrast to previous reports, our data suggest that missense mutations in the homeodomain of NKX2-1 not necessarily modify its DNA binding capacity and that this specific type of mutations may be associated with mild pulmonary phenotypes such as asthma. Two deletions did not include NKX2-1, but MBIP, whose expression spatially and temporarily coincides with NKX2-1 in early murine development. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of NKX2-1 mutations strongly recommends the routine screen for mutations in patients with corresponding symptoms. However, this analysis should not be confined to the exonic sequence alone, but should take advantage of affordable NGS technology to expand the target to adjacent regulatory sequences and the NKX2-1 interactome in order to maximise the yield of this diagnostic effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thorwarth
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schnittert-Hübener
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pamela Schrumpf
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Jyrch
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christof Dame
- Department of Neonatology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Katchanov
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Ebert
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Steininger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Knut Brockmann
- Interdisciplinary Pediatric Center for Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Chronic Disorders, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Children's and Youth Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany
| | - Patricia Crock
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Francis deZegher
- Department of Woman and Child, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Griese
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Hewitt
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sten Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christoph Hübner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Childrens Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietz Rating
- Department for Neuropediatrics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iva Stoeva
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Screening and Functional Endocrine Diagnostics, University Paediatric Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Annette Grüters
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Krude
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Godbole MM, Rao G, Paul BN, Mohan V, Singh P, Khare D, Babu S, Nath A, Singh PK, Tiwari S. Prenatal iodine deficiency results in structurally and functionally immature lungs in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1037-43. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00191.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism affects postnatal lung structure. High prevalence of hypothyroxinemia (low T4, normal T3) in iodine-deficient pregnant women and associated risk for neuropsychological development along with high infant/neonatal mortality ascribed to respiratory distress prompted us to study the effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia on postnatal lung development. Female Sprague Dawley rats were given a low-iodine diet (LID) with 1% KClO4in drinking water for 10 days, to minimize thyroid hormone differences. Half of these rats were continued on iodine-deficient diet; ID (LID with 0.005% KClO4) for 3 mo, whereas the rest were switched to an iodine-sufficient diet; IS [LID + potassium iodide (10 μg iodine/20 g of diet + normal drinking water)]. Pups born to ID mothers were compared with age-matched pups from IS mothers at postnatal days 8 (P8) and 16 (P16) ( n = 6–8/group). ID pups had normal circulating T3 but significantly low T4 levels ( P < 0.05) and concomitantly approximately sixfold higher thyroid hormone receptor-β mRNA in alveolar epithelium. Lung histology revealed larger and irregularly shaped alveoli in ID pups relative to controls. Lung function was assessed at P16 using a double-chambered plethysmograph and observed reduced tidal volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, and dynamic lung compliance in ID pups compared with IS pups. Significant lowering of surfactant protein (SP)-B and SP-C mRNA and protein found in ID pups at P16. ID pups had 16-fold lower matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA levels in their alveolar epithelium. In addition, mRNA levels of thyroid transcription factor-1 and SP-D were significantly higher (3-fold) compared with IS pups. At P16, significantly lower levels of SP-B and SP-C found in ID pups may be responsible for immature lung development and reduced lung compliance. Our data suggest that maternal hypothyroxinemia may result in the development of immature lungs that, through respiratory distress, could contribute to the observed high infant mortality in ID neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan M. Godbole
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | - Geeta Rao
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | - B. N. Paul
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vishwa Mohan
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | - Preeti Singh
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | - Drirh Khare
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | - Satish Babu
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| | | | - P. K. Singh
- Anesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,
| | - Swasti Tiwari
- Departments of 1Endocrinology, Molecular Medicine & Biotechnology,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chattergoon NN, Giraud GD, Louey S, Stork P, Fowden AL, Thornburg KL. Thyroid hormone drives fetal cardiomyocyte maturation. FASEB J 2011; 26:397-408. [PMID: 21974928 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-179895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T(3)) suppresses the proliferation of near-term serum-stimulated fetal ovine cardiomyocytes in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that T(3) is a major stimulant of cardiomyocyte maturation in vivo. We studied 3 groups of sheep fetuses on gestational days 125-130 (term ∼145 d): a T(3)-infusion group, to mimic fetal term levels (plasma T(3) levels increased from ∼0.1 to ∼1.0 ng/ml; t(1/2)∼24 h); a thyroidectomized group, to produce low thyroid hormone levels; and a vehicle-infusion group, to serve as intact controls. At 130 d of gestation, sections of left ventricular freewall were harvested, and the remaining myocardium was enzymatically dissociated. Proteins involved in cell cycle regulation (p21, cyclin D1), proliferation (ERK), and hypertrophy (mTOR) were measured in left ventricular tissue. Evidence that elevated T(3) augmented the maturation rate of cardiomyocytes included 14% increased width, 31% increase in binucleation, 39% reduction in proliferation, 150% reduction in cyclin D1 protein, and 500% increase in p21 protein. Increased expression of phospho-mTOR, ANP, and SERCA2a also suggests that T(3) promotes maturation and hypertrophy of fetal cardiomyocytes. Thyroidectomized fetuses had reduced cell cycle activity and binucleation. These findings support the hypothesis that T(3) is a prime driver of prenatal cardiomyocyte maturation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Miller MD, Marty MA. Impact of environmental chemicals on lung development. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1155-64. [PMID: 20444669 PMCID: PMC2920089 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of fundamental biologic processes and associated signaling events may result in clinically significant alterations in lung development. OBJECTIVES We reviewed evidence on the impact of environmental chemicals on lung development and key signaling events in lung morphogenesis, and the relevance of potential outcomes to public health and regulatory science . DATA SOURCES We evaluated the peer-reviewed literature on developmental lung biology and toxicology, mechanistic studies, and supporting epidemiology. DATA SYNTHESIS Lung function in infancy predicts pulmonary function throughout life. In utero and early postnatal exposures influence both childhood and adult lung structure and function and may predispose individuals to chronic obstructive lung disease and other disorders. The nutritional and endogenous chemical environment affects development of the lung and can result in altered function in the adult. Studies now suggest that similar adverse impacts may occur in animals and humans after exposure to environmentally relevant doses of certain xenobiotics during critical windows in early life. Potential mechanisms include interference with highly conserved factors in developmental processes such as gene regulation, molecular signaling, and growth factors involved in branching morphogenesis and alveolarization. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of environmental chemical impacts on the lung requires studies that evaluate specific alterations in structure or function-end points not regularly assessed in standard toxicity tests. Identifying effects on important signaling events may inform protocols of developmental toxicology studies. Such knowledge may enable policies promoting true primary prevention of lung diseases. Evidence of relevant signaling disruption in the absence of adequate developmental toxicology data should influence the size of the uncertainty factors used in risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Miller
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Miller MD, Crofton KM, Rice DC, Zoeller RT. Thyroid-disrupting chemicals: interpreting upstream biomarkers of adverse outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1033-41. [PMID: 19654909 PMCID: PMC2717126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence in humans and in experimental animals for a relationship between exposure to specific environmental chemicals and perturbations in levels of critically important thyroid hormones (THs). Identification and proper interpretation of these relationships are required for accurate assessment of risk to public health. OBJECTIVES We review the role of TH in nervous system development and specific outcomes in adults, the impact of xenobiotics on thyroid signaling, the relationship between adverse outcomes of thyroid disruption and upstream causal biomarkers, and the societal implications of perturbations in thyroid signaling by xenobiotic chemicals. DATA SOURCES We drew on an extensive body of epidemiologic, toxicologic, and mechanistic studies. DATA SYNTHESIS THs are critical for normal nervous system development, and decreased maternal TH levels are associated with adverse neuropsychological development in children. In adult humans, increased thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with increased blood pressure and poorer blood lipid profiles, both risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. These effects of thyroid suppression are observed even within the "normal" range for the population. Environmental chemicals may affect thyroid homeostasis by a number of mechanisms, and multiple chemicals have been identified that interfere with thyroid function by each of the identified mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Individuals are potentially vulnerable to adverse effects as a consequence of exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals. Any degree of thyroid disruption that affects TH levels on a population basis should be considered a biomarker of adverse outcomes, which may have important societal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Miller
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, California 94612, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vujovic M, Nordström K, Gauthier K, Flamant F, Visser TJ, Vennström B, Mittag J. Interference of a mutant thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 with hepatic glucose metabolism. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2940-7. [PMID: 19282388 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mice expressing the mutant thyroid hormone receptor TRalpha1R384C, which has a 10-fold reduced affinity to the ligand T(3), exhibit hypermetabolism due to an overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system. To define the consequences in the liver, we analyzed hepatic metabolism and the regulation of liver genes in the mutant mice. Our results showed that hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxykinase was up-regulated and pyruvate kinase mRNA down-regulated, contrary to what observed after T(3) treatment. In contrast, mice expressing a mutant TRalpha1L400R specifically in the liver did not show a dysregulation of these genes; however, when the TRalpha1L400R was expressed ubiquitously, the hepatic phenotype differed from TRalpha1R384C animals, suggesting that the localization of the mutation plays an important role for its consequences on glucose metabolism. Furthermore, we observed that glycogen stores were completely depleted in TRalpha1R384C animals, despite increased gluconeogenesis and decreased glycolysis. Exposure of the mutant mice to high maternal levels of thyroid hormone during fetal development leads to a normal liver phenotype in the adult. Our results show how genetic and maternal factors interact to determine the metabolic setpoint of the offspring and indicate an important role for maternal thyroid hormone in the susceptibility to metabolic disorders in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vujovic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sanders EJ, Harvey S. Peptide hormones as developmental growth and differentiation factors. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:1537-52. [PMID: 18498096 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormones, usually considered to be endocrine factors responsible for communication between tissues remotely located from each other, are increasingly being found to be synthesized in developing tissues, where they act locally. Several hormones are now known to be produced in developing tissues that are unrelated to the endocrine gland of origin in the adult. These hormones are synthesized locally, and are active as differentiation and survival factors, before the developing adult endocrine tissue becomes functional. There is increasing evidence for paracrine and/or autocrine actions for these factors during development, thus, placing them among the conventional growth and differentiation factors. We review the evidence for the view that thyroid hormones, growth hormone, prolactin, insulin, and parathyroid hormone-related protein are developmental growth and differentiation factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmond J Sanders
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rouf R, Greytak S, Wooten EC, Wu J, Boltax J, Picard M, Svensson EC, Dillmann WH, Patten RD, Huggins GS. Increased FOG-2 in failing myocardium disrupts thyroid hormone-dependent SERCA2 gene transcription. Circ Res 2008; 103:493-501. [PMID: 18658259 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.181487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA)2 and other genes in the adult cardiac gene program has raised consideration of an impaired responsiveness to thyroid hormone (T3) that develops in the advanced failing heart. Here, we show that human and murine cardiomyopathy hearts have increased expression of friend of GATA (FOG)-2, a cardiac nuclear hormone receptor corepressor protein. Cardiac-specific overexpression of FOG-2 in transgenic mice led to depressed cardiac function, activation of the fetal gene program, congestive heart failure, and early death. SERCA2 transcript and protein levels were reduced in FOG-2 transgenic hearts, and FOG-2 overexpression impaired T3-mediated SERCA2 expression in cultured cardiomyocytes. FOG-2 physically interacts with thyroid hormone receptor-alpha1 and abrogated even high levels of T3-mediated SERCA2 promoter activity. These results demonstrate that SERCA2 is an important target of FOG-2 and that increased FOG-2 expression may contribute to a decline in cardiac function in end-stage heart failure by impaired T3 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Rouf
- MCRI Center for Translational Genomics, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, 750 Washington St, Box 8486, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Periasamy M, Kalyanasundaram A. SERCA pump isoforms: Their role in calcium transport and disease. Muscle Nerve 2007; 35:430-42. [PMID: 17286271 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) is a pump that transports calcium ions from the cytoplasm into the SR. It is present in both animal and plant cells, although knowledge of SERCA in the latter is scant. The pump shares the catalytic properties of ion-motive ATPases of the P-type family, but has distinctive regulation properties. The SERCA pump is encoded by a family of three genes, SERCA1, 2, and 3, that are highly conserved but localized on different chromosomes. The SERCA isoform diversity is dramatically enhanced by alternative splicing of the transcripts, occurring mainly at the COOH-terminal. At present, more than 10 different SERCA isoforms have been detected at the protein level. These isoforms exhibit both tissue and developmental specificity, suggesting that they contribute to unique physiological properties of the tissue in which they are expressed. The function of the SERCA pump is modulated by the endogenous molecules phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN), expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The mechanism of action of PLB on SERCA is well characterized, whereas that of SLN is only beginning to be understood. Because the SERCA pump plays a major role in muscle contraction, a number of investigations have focused on understanding its role in cardiac and skeletal muscle disease. These studies document that SERCA pump expression and activity are decreased in aging and in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including heart failure. Recently, SERCA pump gene transfer was shown to be effective in restoring contractile function in failing heart muscle, thus emphasizing its importance in muscle physiology and its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Song L, McGee JA, Walsh EJ. Consequences of combined maternal, fetal and persistent postnatal hypothyroidism on the development of auditory function in Tshrhyt mutant mice. Brain Res 2006; 1101:59-72. [PMID: 16780814 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 05/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice express a point mutation in the gene encoding the thyrotropin receptor, and affected animals are congenitally hypothyroid and profoundly deaf as a consequence when the condition is untreated. In this investigation, a previously unrecognized developmental stage was identified in the hypothyroid, mutant progeny of hypothyroid dams by tracking developmental changes in the auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR thresholds develop rapidly in normal, euthyroid animals, decreasing as much as 80 dB between P12 (postnatal day 12) and P15, with mature sensitivity being gradually acquired by P18. In contrast, Tshrhyt/hyt mutant mice remained profoundly deaf on P24 and although thresholds improved by approximately 30 dB by P60, residual frequency-dependent deficits of 20-70 dB were observed in animals exhibiting end-stage disease. The rate of threshold improvement in mutant mice was approximately ten times slower than in normal mice. While ABR wave latencies and interpeak intervals decreased early in postnatal life, values decreased over a delayed and protracted time period, reaching adult values well after those of controls attained maturity. As with normal mice, slopes of wave I latency-intensity curves were significantly steeper in immature animals than those observed in adults and decreased during development, but failed to achieve normal adult values and remained significantly steeper than those for controls. Findings reported here suggest that passive aspects of electromechanical transduction achieve maturity in Tshrhyt/hyt progeny of Tshrhyt/hyt mice and that development, limited as it may be, occurs most prominently in the basal half of the cochlea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
ter Horst SAJ, Fijlstra M, Sengupta S, Walther FJ, Wagenaar GTM. Spatial and temporal expression of surfactant proteins in hyperoxia-induced neonatal rat lung injury. BMC Pulm Med 2006; 6:8. [PMID: 16620381 PMCID: PMC1475638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a complex chronic lung disease in premature children in which oxidative stress and surfactant deficiency play a crucial role, is characterized by arrested alveolar and vascular development of the immature lung. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression of surfactant proteins are not yet fully established in newborn infants and animal models suffering from BPD. Methods We studied the mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SP) A, -B, -C and -D and Clara cell secretory protein (CC10) with RT-PCR and in situ hybridization and protein expression of CC10, SP-A and -D with immunohistochemistry in the lungs of a preterm rat model, in which experimental BPD was induced by prolonged oxidative stress. Results Gene expression of all surfactant proteins (SP-A, -B, -C and -D) was high at birth and initially declined during neonatal development, but SP-A, -B, and -D mRNA levels increased during exposure to hyperoxia compared to room-air controls. Peak levels were observed in adult lungs for SP-A, SP-C and CC10. Except for SP-A, the cellular distribution of SP-B, -C, -D and CC10, studied with in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry, did not change in room air nor in hyperoxia. Exposure to normoxia was associated with high levels of SP-A mRNA and protein in alveolar type 2 cells and low levels in bronchial Clara cells, whereas hyperoxia induced high levels of SP-A expression in bronchial Clara cells. Conclusion The increased expression of SP-A mRNA under hyperoxia can be attributed, at least in part, to an induction of mRNA and protein expression in bronchial Clara cells. The expanded role of Clara cells in the defence against hyperoxic injury suggests that they support alveolar type 2 cell function and may play an important role in the supply of surfactant proteins to the lower airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone AJ ter Horst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, J6-S, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Fijlstra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, J6-S, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sujata Sengupta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, J6-S, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, J6-S, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Bldg F-5 South, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Gerry TM Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, J6-S, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kirk AB. Environmental perchlorate: why it matters. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 567:4-12. [PMID: 17723372 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The only known mechanism of toxicity for perchlorate is interference with iodide uptake at the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). The NIS translocates iodide across basolateral membranes to the thyroid gland so it can be used to form thyroid hormones (TH). NIS is also expressed in the mammary gland during lactation, so that iodide can be transferred from a mother to her child. Without adequate iodide, an infant cannot produce sufficient TH to meet its developmental needs. Effects expected from perchlorate are those that would be seen in conditions of hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia. The probability of a permanent adverse effect is greatest during early life, as successful neurodevelopment is TH-dependent. Study of perchlorate risk is complicated by a number of factors including thyroid status of the mother during gestation, thyroid status of the fetus, maternal and infant iodine intake, and exposure of each to other TH-disrupting chemicals. Perhaps the greatest standing issue, and the issue most relevant to the field of analytical chemistry, is the simple fact that human exposure has not been quantified. This review will summarize perchlorate's potential to adversely affect neurodevelopment. Whether current environmental exposures to perchlorate contribute to neuro-impairment is unknown. Risks posed by perchlorate must be considered in conjunction with iodine intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|