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Shoer S, Reicher L, Zhao C, Pollard KS, Pilpel Y, Segal E. Pangenomes of human gut microbiota uncover links between genetic diversity and stress response. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1744-1757.e2. [PMID: 39353429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of the gut microbiota has a central role in host health. Here, we created pangenomes for 728 human gut prokaryotic species, quadrupling the genes of strain-specific genomes. Each of these species has a core set of a thousand genes, differing even between closely related species, and an accessory set of genes unique to the different strains. Functional analysis shows high strain variability associates with sporulation, whereas low variability is linked with antibiotic resistance. We further map the antibiotic resistome across the human gut population and find 237 cases of extreme resistance even to last-resort antibiotics, with a predominance among Enterobacteriaceae. Lastly, the presence of specific genes in the microbiota relates to host age and sex. Our study underscores the genetic complexity of the human gut microbiota, emphasizing its significant implications for host health. The pangenomes and antibiotic resistance map constitute a valuable resource for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saar Shoer
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lee Reicher
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Lis Maternity and Women's Hospital, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Gladstone Institute for Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institute for Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yitzhak Pilpel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Srivastava A, Anand S. Profiling the dynamic pediatric urobiome: Missing links and future directions! J Pediatr Urol 2024; 20:894-895. [PMID: 38981782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2024.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Srivastava
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sachit Anand
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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3
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Hayase E, Hayase T, Mukherjee A, Stinson SC, Jamal MA, Ortega MR, Sanchez CA, Ahmed SS, Karmouch JL, Chang CC, Flores II, McDaniel LK, Brown AN, El-Himri RK, Chapa VA, Tan L, Tran BQ, Xiao Y, Fan C, Pham D, Halsey TM, Jin Y, Tsai WB, Prasad R, Glover IK, Enkhbayar A, Mohammed A, Schmiester M, King KY, Britton RA, Reddy P, Wong MC, Ajami NJ, Wargo JA, Shelburne S, Okhuysen PC, Liu C, Fowler SW, Conner ME, Katsamakis Z, Smith N, Burgos da Silva M, Ponce DM, Peled JU, van den Brink MRM, Peterson CB, Rondon G, Molldrem JJ, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ, Lorenzi PL, Mehta RS, Martens EC, Alousi AM, Jenq RR. Bacteroides ovatus alleviates dysbiotic microbiota-induced graft-versus-host disease. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1621-1636.e6. [PMID: 39214085 PMCID: PMC11441101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute lower gastrointestinal GVHD (aLGI-GVHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although the intestinal microbiota is associated with the incidence of aLGI-GVHD, how the intestinal microbiota impacts treatment responses in aLGI-GVHD has not been thoroughly studied. In a cohort of patients with aLGI-GVHD (n = 37), we found that non-response to standard therapy with corticosteroids was associated with prior treatment with carbapenem antibiotics and a disrupted fecal microbiome characterized by reduced abundances of Bacteroides ovatus. In a murine GVHD model aggravated by carbapenem antibiotics, introducing B. ovatus reduced GVHD severity and improved survival. These beneficial effects of Bacteroides ovatus were linked to its ability to metabolize dietary polysaccharides into monosaccharides, which suppressed the mucus-degrading capabilities of colonic mucus degraders such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila, thus reducing GVHD-related mortality. Collectively, these findings reveal the importance of microbiota in aLGI-GVHD and therapeutic potential of B. ovatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Hayase
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Tomo Hayase
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Akash Mukherjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stuart C Stinson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohamed A Jamal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Miriam R Ortega
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Christopher A Sanchez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Saira S Ahmed
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jennifer L Karmouch
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ivonne I Flores
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Lauren K McDaniel
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alexandria N Brown
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rawan K El-Himri
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Valerie A Chapa
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Bao Q Tran
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Fan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Dung Pham
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Taylor M Halsey
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yimei Jin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Tsai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rishika Prasad
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Israel K Glover
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Altai Enkhbayar
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Aqsa Mohammed
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Maren Schmiester
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Katherine Y King
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew C Wong
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Samuel Shelburne
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pablo C Okhuysen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephanie W Fowler
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Margaret E Conner
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Department of Education, Innovation, and Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoe Katsamakis
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalie Smith
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marina Burgos da Silva
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doris M Ponce
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Rondon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard E Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Rohtesh S Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amin M Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert R Jenq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; CPRIT Scholar in Cancer Research, Houston, TX, USA.
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James D, Poveda C, Walton GE, Elmore JS, Linden B, Gibson J, Griffin BA, Robertson MD, Lewis MC. Do high-protein diets have the potential to reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner? Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2035-2054. [PMID: 38662018 PMCID: PMC11377480 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired gut barrier function is associated with systemic inflammation and many chronic diseases. Undigested dietary proteins are fermented in the colon by the gut microbiota which produces nitrogenous metabolites shown to reduce barrier function in vitro. With growing evidence of sex-based differences in gut microbiotas, we determined whether there were sex by dietary protein interactions which could differentially impact barrier function via microbiota modification. METHODS Fermentation systems were inoculated with faeces from healthy males (n = 5) and females (n = 5) and supplemented with 0.9 g of non-hydrolysed proteins sourced from whey, fish, milk, soya, egg, pea, or mycoprotein. Microbial populations were quantified using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry. Metabolite concentrations were analysed using gas chromatography, solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA. RESULTS Increased protein availability resulted in increased proteolytic Bacteroides spp (p < 0.01) and Clostridium coccoides (p < 0.01), along with increased phenol (p < 0.01), p-cresol (p < 0.01), indole (p = 0.018) and ammonia (p < 0.01), varying by protein type. Counts of Clostridium cluster IX (p = 0.03) and concentration of p-cresol (p = 0.025) increased in males, while females produced more ammonia (p = 0.02), irrespective of protein type. Further, we observed significant sex-protein interactions affecting bacterial populations and metabolites (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that protein fermentation by the gut microbiota in vitro is influenced by both protein source and the donor's sex. Should these results be confirmed through human studies, they could have major implications for developing dietary recommendations tailored by sex to prevent chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel James
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - J Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Brandon Linden
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - John Gibson
- Food and Feed Innovations, Woodstock, Newcastle Rd, Woore, N Shropshire, CW3 95N, UK
| | - Bruce A Griffin
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Denise Robertson
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Marie C Lewis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
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5
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Wang Z, Li S, Zhang S, Zhang T, Wu Y, Liu A, Wang K, Ji X, Cao H, Zhang Y, Tan EK, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Hosts manipulate lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of opportunistic pathogens in the single-cell resolution. eLife 2024; 13:RP96789. [PMID: 39190452 PMCID: PMC11349298 DOI: 10.7554/elife.96789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe interactions are virtually bidirectional, but how the host affects their microbiome is poorly understood. Here, we report that the host is a critical modulator to regulate the lifestyle switch and pathogenicity heterogeneity of the opportunistic pathogens Serratia marcescens utilizing the Drosophila and bacterium model system. First, we find that Drosophila larvae efficiently outcompete S. marcescens and typically drive a bacterial switch from pathogenicity to commensalism toward the fly. Furthermore, Drosophila larvae reshape the transcriptomic and metabolic profiles of S. marcescens characterized by a lifestyle switch. More importantly, the host alters pathogenicity and heterogeneity of S. marcescens in the single-cell resolution. Finally, we find that larvae-derived AMPs are required to recapitulate the response of S. marcescens to larvae. Altogether, our findings provide an insight into the pivotal roles of the host in harnessing the life history and heterogeneity of symbiotic bacterial cells, advancing knowledge of the reciprocal relationships between the host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguang Wang
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjinChina
- First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical CollegeMudanjiangChina
| | - Shuai Li
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yujie Wu
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Anqi Liu
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yinglao Zhang
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital CampusSingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Yirong Wang
- Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Plant Protection; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
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Reeves KD, Figuereo YF, Weis VG, Hsu FC, Engevik MA, Krigsman A, Walker SJ. Mapping the geographical distribution of the mucosa-associated gut microbiome in GI-symptomatic children with autism spectrum disorder. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G217-G234. [PMID: 38887795 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00101.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and communication impairments. In the past few years, it has been proposed that alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute to an aberrant communication between the gut and brain in children with ASD. Consistent with this notion, several studies have demonstrated that children with ASD have an altered fecal microbiota compared with typically developing (TD) children. However, it is unclear where along the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract these alterations in microbial communities occur. In addition, the variation between specific mucosa-associated communities remains unknown. To address this gap in knowledge of the microbiome associated with ASD, biopsies from the antrum, duodenum, ileum, right colon, and rectum of children with ASD and age- and sex-matched TD children were examined by 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall elevated abundance of Bacillota and Bacteroidota and a decreased abundance of Pseudomonadota in all GI tract regions of both male and female children with ASD compared with TD children. Further analysis at the genera level revealed unique differences in the microbiome in the different regions of the GI tract in children with ASD compared with TD children. We also observed sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition in children with ASD. These data indicate that the microbiota of children with ASD is altered in multiple regions of the GI tract and that different anatomic locations have unique alterations in mucosa-associated bacterial genera.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis in stool samples has shown gut microbiota alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with typically developing (TD) children. However, it is unclear which segment(s) of the gut exhibit alterations in microbiome composition. In this study, we examined microbiota composition along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the stomach, duodenum, ileum, right colon, and rectum. We found site-specific and sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota of children with ASD, compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Reeves
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem North Carolina, United States
| | - Yosauri F Figuereo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Victoria G Weis
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Arthur Krigsman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Resources, Georgetown, Texas, United States
| | - Stephen J Walker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
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Cao N, Zhao F, Kwok LY, Wang H, Sun Z. Impact of probiotics on weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100810. [PMID: 39114432 PMCID: PMC11305212 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Our meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of probiotics in weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight or obese women. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were used from inception until March 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT's) literature. Finally, 11 RCTs were included. Following critical appraisal, a meta-analysis was conducted using the fixed effects model and the random effects model found that probiotic consumption significantly decreased waist circumference (WC) (SMD = -0.39 cm, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.18 cm, P < 0.00001, I2 = 33%), insulin (SMD = -0.45 mcU/ml; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.18 mcU/ml; P = 0.04, I2 = 40%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (SMD = -0.51 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.92, -0.11 mmol/L; P = 0.02, I2 = 75%) in overweight or obese women. Moreover, subgroup analyses revealed that the effects of probiotic supplementation were significantly influenced by the intervention duration and diet and/or exercise intervention. This meta-analysis suggested that probiotic supplementation has a moderate and statistically significant effect on weight loss and glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
- People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
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8
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Sha W, Beshir Ata E, Yan M, Zhang Z, Fan H. Swine Colibacillosis: Analysis of the Gut Bacterial Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1233. [PMID: 38930615 PMCID: PMC11205844 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the disruption of the swine gut microbiota and histopathological changes caused by infection with enterotoxigenic E. coli. Fecal samples were collected from piglets suffering from diarrhea post-recovery and healthy animals. Intestinal tissues were collected for histopathological changes. The results revealed histopathological changes mainly in the ileum of the infected animals compared to those in the ileum of the control and recovered animals. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) revealed that the E. coli diarrheal group exhibited the highest bacterial richness. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) corroborated the presence of dysbiosis in the gut microbiota following E. coli-induced diarrhea. While the normal control and infected groups displayed slight clustering, the recovery group formed a distinct cluster with a distinct flora. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria were the dominant phyla in both the healthy and recovered piglets and in the diarrheal group. LEfSe and the associated LDA score analysis revealed that the recovered group exhibited dominance of the phyla Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidota, while groups N and I showed dominance of the phyla Firmicutes and Fusobacteriota, respectively. The LDA scores highlighted a significant expression of the Muribaculacea family in group R. The obtained findings will help in understanding the microbiome during swine colibacillosis, which will support control of the outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Sha
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Technology Innovation Center of Pig Ecological Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China;
| | - Emad Beshir Ata
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Man Yan
- Technology Innovation Center of Pig Ecological Breeding and Disease Prevention and Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China;
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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9
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Rivera DS, Beltrán V, Gutiérrez-Cortés I, Vargas C, Alfaro FD. Insights into the Gut Microbiome of the South American Leaf-Toed Gecko ( Phylodactylus gerropygus) Inhabiting the Core of the Atacama Desert. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1194. [PMID: 38930576 PMCID: PMC11205927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Living in arid environments presents unique challenges to organisms, including limited food and water, extreme temperatures, and UV exposure. Reptiles, such as the South American leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus gerrhopygus), have evolved remarkable adaptations to thrive in such harsh conditions. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in host adaptation and health, yet its composition remains poorly characterized in desert reptiles. This study aimed to characterize the composition and abundance of the gut microbiome in P. gerrhopygus inhabiting the hyperarid Atacama Desert, taking into account potential sex differences. Fecal samples from adult female and male geckos were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in bacterial alpha diversity were observed between the sexes. However, the phylum Bacteroidota was more abundant in females, while males had a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. The core microbiome was dominated by the phyla Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in both sexes. Analysis of bacterial composition revealed 481 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared by female and male geckos. In addition, 108 unique ASVs were exclusive to females, while 244 ASVs were unique to males. Although the overall bacterial composition did not differ significantly between the sexes, certain taxa exhibited higher relative abundances in each sex group. This study provides insight into the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome in a desert-adapted reptile and highlights potential sex-specific differences. Understanding these microbial communities is critical for elucidating the mechanisms underlying host resilience in Earth's most arid environments, and for informing conservation efforts in the face of ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Valentina Beltrán
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Cortés
- Extreme Ecosystem Microbiomics & Ecogenomics Lab., Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320165, Chile;
| | - Constanza Vargas
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Fernando D. Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide, 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
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10
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Babu A, Devi Rajeswari V, Ganesh V, Das S, Dhanasekaran S, Usha Rani G, Ramanathan G. Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Interplay of Associated Microbial-Metabolite Pathways and Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1508-1520. [PMID: 38228976 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted disease with an intricate etiology affecting reproductive-aged women. Despite attempts to unravel the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanism of PCOS remains unknown. There are no effective or suitable therapeutic strategies available to ameliorate PCOS; however, the symptoms can be managed. In recent years, a strong association has been found between the gut microbiome and PCOS, leading to the formulation of novel ideas on the genesis and pathological processes of PCOS. Further, gut microbiome dysbiosis involving microbial metabolites may trigger PCOS symptoms via many mechanistic pathways including those associated with carbohydrates, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and gut-brain axis. We present the mechanistic pathways of PCOS-related microbial metabolites and therapeutic opportunities available to treat PCOS, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy. In addition, the current review highlights the emerging treatment strategies available to alleviate the symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsha Babu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - V Ganesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekaran
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Knowledge Corridor, Raisan Village, PDPU Road, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - G Usha Rani
- Department of Obstetrics And Gynecology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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11
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Nganou-Makamdop K, Douek DC. The Gut and the Translocated Microbiomes in HIV Infection: Current Concepts and Future Avenues. Pathog Immun 2024; 9:168-194. [PMID: 38807656 PMCID: PMC11132393 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v9i1.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that HIV infection results in disruption of the gut's mucosal integrity partly due a profound loss of gastrointestinal CD4+ T cells that are targets of the virus. In addition, systemic inflammation and immune activation that drive disease pathogenesis are reduced but not normalized by antiretroviral therapy (ART). It has long been postulated that through the process of microbial translocation, the gut microbiome acts as a key driver of systemic inflammation and immune recovery in HIV infection. As such, many studies have aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota in order to unravel its influence in people with HIV and have reported an association between various bacterial taxa and inflammation. This review assesses both contra-dictory and consistent findings among several studies in order to clarify the overall mechanisms by which the gut microbiota in adults may influence immune recovery in HIV infection. Independently of the gut microbiome, observations made from analysis of microbial products in the blood provide direct insight into how the translocated microbiome may drive immune recovery. To help better understand strengths and limitations of the findings reported, this review also highlights the numerous factors that can influence microbiome studies, be they experimental methodologies, and host-intrinsic or host-extrinsic factors. Altogether, a fuller understanding of the interplay between the gut microbiome and immunity in HIV infection may contribute to preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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An R, Venkatraman A, Binns J, Saric C, Rey FE, Thibeault SL. Age and sex-related variations in murine laryngeal microbiota. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300672. [PMID: 38743725 PMCID: PMC11093383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The larynx undergoes significant age and sex-related changes in structure and function across the lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that laryngeal microbiota influences immunological processes. Thus, there is a critical need to delineate microbial mechanisms that may underlie laryngeal physiological and immunological changes. As a first step, the present study explored potential age and sex-related changes in the laryngeal microbiota across the lifespan in a murine model. We compared laryngeal microbial profiles of mice across the lifespan (adolescents, young adults, older adults and elderly) to determine age and sex-related microbial variation on 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Measures of alpha diversity and beta diversity were obtained, along with differentially abundant taxa across age groups and biological sexes. There was relative stability of the laryngeal microbiota within each age group and no significant bacterial compositional shift in the laryngeal microbiome across the lifespan. There was an abundance of short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the adolescent group, unique to the laryngeal microbiota; taxonomic changes in the elderly resembled that of the aged gut microbiome. There were no significant changes in the laryngeal microbiota relating to biological sex. This is the first study to report age and sex-related variation in laryngeal microbiota. This data lays the groundwork for defining how age-related microbial mechanisms may govern laryngeal health and disease. Bacterial compositional changes, as a result of environmental or systemic stimuli, may not only be indicative of laryngeal-specific metabolic and immunoregulatory processes, but may precede structural and functional age-related changes in laryngeal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - John Binns
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Callie Saric
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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13
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wu L, Wang W, Zhang H, Lou H. Antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion promotes intestinal colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in mice. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:156. [PMID: 38724913 PMCID: PMC11080253 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish a method to induce Campylobacter jejuni colonization in the intestines of C57BL/6 mice through antibiotic-induced microbiome depletion. RESULTS Fifty-four female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal, control, and experimental groups. The experimental group was administered intragastric cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium (50 mg/mL) for 2 days; then, the experimental and control mice were intragastrically administered 200 µL C. jejuni, which was repeated once more after 2 days. Animal feces were collected, and the HipO gene of C. jejuni was detected using TaqMan qPCR from day 1 to day 14 after modeling completion. Immunofluorescence was used to detect intestinal C. jejuni colonization on day 14, and pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Additionally, 16S rDNA analyses of the intestinal contents were conducted on day 14. In the experimental group, C. jejuni was detected in the feces from days 1 to 14 on TaqMan qPCR, and immunofluorescence-labeled C. jejuni were visibly discernable in the intestinal lumen. The intestinal mucosa was generally intact and showed no significant inflammatory-cell infiltration. Diversity analysis of the colonic microbiota showed significant inter-group differences. In the experimental group, the composition of the colonic microbiota differed from that in the other 2 groups at the phylum level, and was characterized by a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes and a lower proportion of Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS Microbiome depletion induced by cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium could promote long-term colonization of C. jejuni in the intestines of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pan
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Animal Center, Jinhua Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongqiang Lou
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, No. 1188 Wuzhou Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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14
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Sidiropoulos T, Dovrolis N, Katifelis H, Michalopoulos NV, Kokoropoulos P, Arkadopoulos N, Gazouli M. Dysbiosis Signature of Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1040. [PMID: 38791002 PMCID: PMC11117863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) ranks as the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with approximately 500,000 new cases reported in 2020. Existing strategies for early PC detection primarily target individuals at high risk of developing the disease. Nevertheless, there is a pressing need to identify innovative clinical approaches and personalized treatments for effective PC management. This study aimed to explore the dysbiosis signature of the fecal microbiota in PC and potential distinctions between its Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) phenotypes, which could carry diagnostic significance. The study enrolled 33 participants, including 22 diagnosed with PDAC, 11 with IPMN, and 24 healthy controls. Fecal samples were collected and subjected to microbial diversity analysis across various taxonomic levels. The findings revealed elevated abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in PC patients, whereas healthy controls exhibited higher proportions of Bacteroidota. Both LEfSe and Random Forest analyses indicated the microbiome's potential to effectively distinguish between PC and healthy control samples but fell short of differentiating between IPMN and PDAC samples. These results contribute to the current understanding of this challenging cancer type and highlight the applications of microbiome research. In essence, the study provides clear evidence of the gut microbiome's capability to serve as a biomarker for PC detection, emphasizing the steps required for further differentiation among its diverse phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Sidiropoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (N.V.M.); (P.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Hector Katifelis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (N.V.M.); (P.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Kokoropoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (N.V.M.); (P.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (T.S.); (N.V.M.); (P.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.D.); (H.K.)
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15
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Murdaca G, Tagliafico L, Page E, Paladin F, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1023. [PMID: 38790985 PMCID: PMC11117902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of the immune system has been thoroughly described in the literature. Vitamin D deficiency and intestinal dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic role in the development of numerous immune-mediated and allergic diseases. The physiological processes underlying aging and sex have proven to be capable of having a negative influence both on vitamin D values and the biodiversity of the microbiome. This leads to a global increase in levels of systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all immune-mediated diseases and allergic conditions. Our review aims to collect and analyze the relationship between vitamin D and the intestinal microbiome with the immune system and the diseases associated with it, emphasizing the effect mediated by sexual hormones and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Bartolomeo Hospital, 19038 Sarzana, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Paladin
- Elderly and Disabeld Department, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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16
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Xiao T, Lee J, Gauntner TD, Velegraki M, Lathia JD, Li Z. Hallmarks of sex bias in immuno-oncology: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:338-355. [PMID: 38589557 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences are present across multiple non-reproductive organ cancers, with male individuals generally experiencing higher incidence of cancer with poorer outcomes. Although some mechanisms underlying these differences are emerging, the immunological basis is not well understood. Observations from clinical trials also suggest a sex bias in conventional immunotherapies with male individuals experiencing a more favourable response and female individuals experiencing more severe adverse events to immune checkpoint blockade. In this Perspective article, we summarize the major biological hallmarks underlying sex bias in immuno-oncology. We focus on signalling from sex hormones and chromosome-encoded gene products, along with sex hormone-independent and chromosome-independent epigenetic mechanisms in tumour and immune cells such as myeloid cells and T cells. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future studies on sex differences that integrate sex hormones and chromosomes and other emerging cancer hallmarks such as ageing and the microbiome to provide a more comprehensive view of how sex differences underlie the response in cancer that can be leveraged for more effective immuno-oncology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiao
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy D Gauntner
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumour Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH, USA.
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17
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Renteria KM, Constantine E, Teoh CM, Cooper A, Lozano N, Bauer S, Koh GY. Combination of vitamin D 3 and fructooligosaccharides upregulates colonic vitamin D receptor in C57BL/6J mice and affects anxiety-related behavior in a sex-specific manner. Nutr Res 2024; 125:16-26. [PMID: 38432179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders that affect US adults today, frequently related to vitamin D (VD) insufficiency. Along with VD, growing evidence suggests gut microbiota likely play a role in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated if modulation of gut microbiota would disrupt host VD status and promote behaviors related to depression and anxiety in adult mice. Six-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 10/mice/group) were randomly assigned to receive (1) control diet (CTR), control diet treated with antibiotics (AB), control diet with total 5000 IU of VD (VD), VD treated with antibiotics (VD + AB), VD supplemented with 5% w/w fructooligosaccharides (FOS; VF), and VF diet treated with antibiotics (VF + AB), respectively, for 8 weeks. Our study demonstrated that VD status was not affected by antibiotic regimen. VD alone ameliorates anxiety-related behavior in female mice, and that combination with FOS (i.e., VF) did not further improve the outcome. Male mice, in contrast, exhibit greater anxiety with VF, but not VD, when compared with CTR mice. Colonic VD receptor was elevated in VF-treated mice in both sexes, compared with CTR, which was positively correlated to colonic TPH1, a rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis. Taken together, our data indicate that the effect of VF on anxiety-related behavior is sex-specific, which may partially be attributed to the activation of colonic VD signaling and subsequent serotonin synthesis. The synergistic or additive effect of VD and FOS on mood disorders remained to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karisa M Renteria
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Ethan Constantine
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Chin May Teoh
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Analynn Cooper
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Nissi Lozano
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Spenser Bauer
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Gar Yee Koh
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
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18
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Bridgman SL, Penfold S, Field CJ, Haqq AM, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Turvey SE, Simons E, Subbarao P, Kozyrskyj AL. Pre-labor and post-labor cesarean delivery and early childhood adiposity in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:717-724. [PMID: 38302592 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Delivery by cesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery has been associated with increased risk of overweight in childhood. Our study examined if the presence or absence of labor events in CS delivery altered risk of overweight in early childhood (1-5 years) compared to vaginal delivery and if this association differed according to infant sex. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 3073 mother-infant pairs from the CHILD Cohort Study in Canada. Data from birth records were used to categorize infants as having been vaginally delivered, or delivered by CS, with or without labor events. Age and sex adjusted weight-for-length (WFL) and body mass index (BMI) z scores were calculated from height and weight data from clinic visits at 1, 3 and 5 years and used to classify children as overweight. Associations between delivery mode and child overweight at each timepoint were assessed using regression models, adjusting for relevant confounding factors including maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. Effect modification by infant sex was tested. RESULTS One in four infants (24.6%) were born by CS delivery; 13.0% involved labor events and 11.6% did not. Infants born by CS without labor had an increased odds of being overweight at age 1 year compared to vaginally delivered infants after adjustment for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal diabetes, smoking, infant sex and birthweight-for-gestational age (aOR 1.68 [95% CI 1.05-2.67]). These effects did not persist to 3 or 5 years of age and, after stratification by sex, were only seen in boys (aOR at 1 year 2.21 [95% CI 1.26-3.88]). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Our findings add to the body of evidence that CS, in particular CS without labor events, may be a risk factor for overweight in early life, and that this association may be sex-specific. These findings could help to identify children at higher risk for developing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Bridgman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Suzanne Penfold
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita L Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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19
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Muchhala KH, Kallurkar PS, Kang M, Koseli E, Poklis JL, Xu Q, Dewey WL, Fettweis JM, Jimenez NR, Akbarali HI. The role of morphine- and fentanyl-induced impairment of intestinal epithelial antibacterial activity in dysbiosis and its impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23603. [PMID: 38648368 PMCID: PMC11047137 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301590rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chronic exposure to opioid analgesics such as morphine disrupts the intestinal epithelial layer and causes intestinal dysbiosis. Depleting gut bacteria can preclude the development of tolerance to opioid-induced antinociception, suggesting an important role of the gut-brain axis in mediating opioid effects. The mechanism underlying opioid-induced dysbiosis, however, remains unclear. Host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are critical for the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier as they prevent the pathogenesis of the enteric microbiota. Here, we report that chronic morphine or fentanyl exposure reduces the antimicrobial activity in the ileum, resulting in changes in the composition of bacteria. Fecal samples from morphine-treated mice had increased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila with a shift in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) from morphine-naïve mice or oral supplementation with butyrate restored (a) the antimicrobial activity, (b) the expression of the antimicrobial peptide, Reg3γ, (c) prevented the increase in intestinal permeability and (d) prevented the development of antinociceptive tolerance in morphine-dependent mice. Improved epithelial barrier function with FMT or butyrate prevented the enrichment of the mucin-degrading A. muciniphila in morphine-dependent mice. These data implicate impairment of the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal epithelium as a mechanism by which opioids disrupt the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan H. Muchhala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Prajkta S. Kallurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Minho Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eda Koseli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Justin L. Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - William L. Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Fettweis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nicole R. Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hamid I. Akbarali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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20
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Kebbe M, Shankar K, Redman LM, Andres A. Human Milk Components and the Infant Gut Microbiome at 6 Months: Understanding the Interconnected Relationship. J Nutr 2024; 154:1200-1208. [PMID: 38442855 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to relate to the infant gut microbiome. However, the impact of other human milk components on infant gut bacterial colonization remains unexplored. OBJECTIVES Our cross-sectional analysis aimed to investigate associations between human milk components (energy, macronutrients, free amino acids, inflammatory markers, and hormones) and infant gut microbiome diversity and composition (phylum, family, and genus) at 6 mo of age. METHODS Human milk and infant stool samples were collected at 6 mo postpartum. The infant gut microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. Linear regression models were performed to examine associations, adjusting for pregravid BMI (kg/m2), delivery mode, duration of human milk feeding, and infant sex, with q < 0.2 considered significant. RESULTS This analysis included a total of 54 mothers (100% exclusively feeding human milk) and infants (n = 28 male; 51.9%). Total energy in human milk showed a negative association with α-diversity measures (Chao1 and Shannon). Interleukin (IL)-8 in human milk was positively associated with Chao1 and observed operational taxonomic units. At the family level, human milk glutamine and serine levels showed a negative association with the abundance of Veillonellaceae, whereas isoleucine showed a positive association with Bacteroidaceae. Human milk IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations were positively associated with Bacteroidaceae abundance. IL-8 also had a positive relationship with Bifidobacteriaceae, whereas it had a negative relationship with Streptococcacea and Clostridiaceae. Human milk IL-8 was positively associated with the phylum Bacteroidetes, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria. At the genus level, human milk IL-8 exhibited a positive relationship with Bacteroides, whereas human milk isoleucine had a negative relationship with Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. Pregravid BMI and sex effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS IL-8 in human milk could potentially prepare the infant's immune system to respond effectively to various microorganisms, potentially promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and protecting against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kebbe
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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21
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Tzemah-Shahar R, Turjeman S, Sharon E, Gamliel G, Hochner H, Koren O, Agmon M. Signs of aging in midlife: physical function and sex differences in microbiota. GeroScience 2024; 46:1477-1488. [PMID: 37610596 PMCID: PMC10828485 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota composition has been linked to physical activity, health measures, and biological age, but a shared profile has yet to be shown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between microbiota composition and measures of function, such as a composite measure of physical capacity, and biological age in midlife, prior to onset of age-related diseases. Seventy healthy midlife individuals (age 44.58 ± 0.18) were examined cross-sectionally, and their gut-microbiota profile was characterized from stool samples using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Biological age was measured using the Klemera-Doubal method and a composition of blood and physiological biomarkers. Physical capacity was calculated based on sex-standardized functional tests. We demonstrate that the women had significantly richer microbiota, p = 0.025; however, microbiota diversity was not linked with chronological age, biological age, or physical capacity for either women or men. Men had slightly greater β-diversity; however, β-diversity was positively associated with biological age and with physical capacity for women only (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04; respectively). For women, an increase in abundance of Roseburia faecis and Collinsella aerofaciens, as well as genus Ruminococcus and Dorea, was significantly associated with higher biological age and lower physical capacity; an increase in abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and genera Bacteroides and Alistipes was associated with younger biological age and increased physical capacity. Differentially abundant taxa were also associated with non-communicable diseases. These findings suggest that microbiota composition is a potential mechanism linking physical capacity and health status; personalized probiotics may serve as a new means to support health-promoting interventions in midlife. Investigating additional factors underlying this link may facilitate the development of a more accurate method to estimate the rate of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Tzemah-Shahar
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Efrat Sharon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gila Gamliel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Epidemiology Unit, Hebrew University School of Public Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Maayan Agmon
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
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22
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Hatton-Jones KM, West NP, Thang MW, Chen PY, Davoren P, Cripps AW, Cox AJ. Gut Microbiome and Metabolic and Immune Indices in Males with or without Evidence of Metabolic Dysregulation. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:64-75. [PMID: 38508778 PMCID: PMC11000514 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The contributions of the gut microbiota to obesity and metabolic disease represent a potentially modifiable factor that may explain variation in risk between individuals. This study aimed to explore relationships among microbial composition and imputed functional attributes, a range of soluble metabolic and immune indices, and gene expression markers in males with or without evidence of metabolic dysregulation (MetDys). Methods This case-control study included healthy males (n=15; 41.9±11.7 years; body mass index [BMI], 22.9±1.2 kg/m2) and males with evidence of MetDys (n=14; 46.6±10.0 years; BMI, 35.1±3.3 kg/m2) who provided blood and faecal samples for assessment of a range of metabolic and immune markers and microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Metagenomic functions were imputed from microbial sequence data for analysis. Results In addition to elevated values in a range of traditional metabolic, adipokine and inflammatory indices in the MetDys group, 23 immunomodulatory genes were significantly altered in the MetDys group. Overall microbial diversity did not differ between groups; however, a trend for a higher relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes (P=0.06) and a lower relative abundance of the Verrucomicrobia (P=0.09) phyla was noted in the MetDys group. Using both family- and genera-level classifications, a partial least square discriminant analysis revealed unique microbial signatures between the groups. Conclusion These findings confirm the need for ongoing investigations in human clinical cohorts to further resolve the relationships between the gut microbiota and metabolic and immune markers and risk for metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Hatton-Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Mike W.C. Thang
- QCIF Facility for Advanced Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Pin-Yen Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Peter Davoren
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Allan W. Cripps
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Amanda J. Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
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23
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Carneiro dos Santos LA, Carvalho RDDO, Cruz Neto JPR, de Albuquerque Lemos DE, de Oliveira KÁR, Sampaio KB, de Luna Freire MO, Aburjaile FF, Azevedo VADC, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. A Mix of Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains Alters the Gut Microbiota in a Dose- and Sex-Dependent Manner in Wistar Rats. Microorganisms 2024; 12:659. [PMID: 38674604 PMCID: PMC11052373 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-strain Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum is a potential probiotic with reported immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, richness, and diversity of the gut microbiota in male and female rats after treatment with a multi-strain of L. fermentum at different doses. Thirty rats (fifteen male and fifteen female) were allocated into a control group (CTL), a group receiving L. fermentum at a dose of 108 CFU (Lf-108), and a group receiving L. fermentum at a dose of 1010 CFU (Lf-1010) for 13 weeks. Gut microbiota and serum cytokine levels were evaluated after L. fermentum treatment. Male CTL rats had a lower relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Prevotella and a lower alpha diversity than their female CTL counterparts (p < 0.05). In addition, male CTL rats had a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio than female CTL rats (p < 0.05). In female rats, the administration of L. fermentum at 108 CFU decreased the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Anaerobiospirillum and increased Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). In male rats, the administration of L. fermentum at 1010 CFU decreased the F/B ratio and increased Lachnospiraceae and the diversity of the gut microbiota (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and the alpha-diversity of gut microbiota were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL1β (r = -0.44) and TNFα (r = -0.39), respectively. This study identified important changes in gut microbiota between male and female rats and showed that a lower dose of L. fermentum may have more beneficial effects on gut microbiota in females, while a higher dose may result in more beneficial effects on gut microbiota in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Alves Carneiro dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | | | - José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Deborah Emanuelle de Albuquerque Lemos
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Karoliny Brito Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.F.A.); (V.A.d.C.A.)
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.F.A.); (V.A.d.C.A.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil; (L.A.C.d.S.); (J.P.R.C.N.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (K.Á.R.d.O.); (K.B.S.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (E.L.d.S.)
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24
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Ou Y, Belzer C, Smidt H, de Weerth C. Development of the gut microbiota in the first 14 years of life and its relations to internalizing and externalizing difficulties and social anxiety during puberty. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:847-860. [PMID: 37071196 PMCID: PMC10894087 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Relations between the gut microbiota and host mental health have been suggested by a growing number of case-control and cross-sectional studies, while supporting evidence is limited in large community samples followed during an extended period. Therefore, the current preregistered study ( https://osf.io/8ymav , September 7, 2022) described child gut microbiota development in the first 14 years of life and explored its relations to internalizing and externalizing difficulties and social anxiety in puberty, a period of high relevance for the development of mental health problems. Fecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing in a total of 1003 samples from 193 children. Through a clustering method, four distinct microbial clusters were newly identified in puberty. Most children within three of these clusters remained in the same clusters from the age of 12 to 14 years, suggesting stability in microbial development and transition during this period. These three clusters were compositionally similar to enterotypes (i.e., a robust classification of the gut microbiota based on its composition across different populations) enriched in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, respectively. Two Prevotella 9-predominated clusters, including one reported by us earlier in middle childhood and the other one in puberty, were associated with more externalizing behavior at age 14. One Faecalibacterium-depleted pubertal cluster was related to more social anxiety at age 14. This finding was confirmed by a negative cross-sectional relation between Faecalibacterium and social anxiety in the 14-year-olds. The findings of this study continue to map gut microbiota development in a relatively large community sample followed from birth onwards, importantly extending our knowledge to puberty. Results indicate that Prevotella 9 and Faecalibacterium may be relevant microbial taxa in relation to externalizing behavior and social anxiety, respectively. These correlational findings need validations from other similar cohort studies, as well as well-designed mechanistic pre-clinical investigations before inferring cause and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenshan Ou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Ashonibare VJ, Akorede BA, Ashonibare PJ, Akhigbe TM, Akhigbe RE. Gut microbiota-gonadal axis: the impact of gut microbiota on reproductive functions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346035. [PMID: 38482009 PMCID: PMC10933031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of gut microbiota on physiological processes is rapidly gaining attention globally. Despite being under-studied, there are available data demonstrating a gut microbiota-gonadal cross-talk, and the importance of this axis in reproduction. This study reviews the impacts of gut microbiota on reproduction. In addition, the possible mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulates male and female reproduction are presented. Databases, including Embase, Google scholar, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, were explored using relevant key words. Findings showed that gut microbiota promotes gonadal functions by modulating the circulating levels of steroid sex hormones, insulin sensitivity, immune system, and gonadal microbiota. Gut microbiota also alters ROS generation and the activation of cytokine accumulation. In conclusion, available data demonstrate the existence of a gut microbiota-gonadal axis, and role of this axis on gonadal functions. However, majority of the data were compelling evidences from animal studies with a great dearth of human data. Therefore, human studies validating the reports of experimental studies using animal models are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victory J. Ashonibare
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji A. Akorede
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Precious J. Ashonibare
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tunmise M. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Breeding and Genetic Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Ejigbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Tanelian A, Nankova B, Miari M, Sabban EL. Microbial composition, functionality, and stress resilience or susceptibility: unraveling sex-specific patterns. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:20. [PMID: 38409102 PMCID: PMC10898170 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following exposure to traumatic stress, women are twice as likely as men to develop mood disorders. Yet, individual responses to such stress vary, with some people developing stress-induced psychopathologies while others exhibit resilience. The factors influencing sex-related disparities in affective disorders as well as variations in resilience remain unclear; however, emerging evidence suggests differences in the gut microbiota play a role. In this study, using the single prolonged stress (SPS) model of post-traumatic stress disorder, we investigated pre- and post-existing differences in microbial composition, functionality, and metabolites that affect stress susceptibility or resilience in each sex. METHODS Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control or SPS groups. Two weeks following SPS, the animals were exposed to a battery of behavioral tests and decapitated a day later. Based on their anxiety index, they were further categorized as SPS-resilient (SPS-R) or SPS-susceptible (SPS-S). On the day of dissection, cecum, and selected brain tissues were isolated. Stool samples were collected before and after SPS, whereas urine samples were taken before and 30 min into the SPS. RESULTS Before SPS exposure, the sympathoadrenal axis exhibited alterations within male subgroups only. Expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 was lower in brain of SPS-S males, but higher in SPS-R females following SPS. Across the study, alpha diversity remained consistently lower in males compared to females. Beta diversity revealed distinct separations between male and female susceptible groups before SPS, with this separation becoming evident in the resilient groups following SPS. At the genus level, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_Incertae_Sedis, and Barnesiella exhibited sex-specific alterations, displaying opposing abundances in each sex. Additionally, sex-specific changes were observed in microbial predictive functionality and targeted functional modules both before and after SPS. Alterations in the microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were also observed, with major and minor SCFAs being lower in SPS-susceptible males whereas branched-chain SCFAs being higher in SPS-susceptible females. CONCLUSION This study highlights distinct pre- and post-trauma differences in microbial composition, functionality, and metabolites, associated with stress resilience in male and female rats. The findings underscore the importance of developing sex-specific therapeutic strategies to effectively address stress-related disorders. Highlights SPS model induces divergent anxiety and social behavioral responses to traumatic stress in both male and female rodents. SPS-resilient females displayed less anxiety-like behavior and initiated more interactions towards a juvenile rat than SPS-resilient males. Sex-specific pre-existing and SPS-induced differences in the gut microbial composition and predictive functionality were observed in susceptible and resilient rats. SPS-resilient males displayed elevated cecal acetate levels, whereas SPS-susceptible females exhibited heightened branched-chain SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arax Tanelian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Bistra Nankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Mariam Miari
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmo, Lund University Diabetes Center, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Esther L Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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Pant A, Chew DP, Mamas MA, Zaman S. Cardiovascular Disease and the Mediterranean Diet: Insights into Sex-Specific Responses. Nutrients 2024; 16:570. [PMID: 38398894 PMCID: PMC10893368 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and disease burden in women globally. A healthy diet is important for the prevention of CVD. Research has consistently favoured the Mediterranean diet as a cardio-protective diet. Several studies have evaluated associations between the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular outcomes, including traditional risk factors like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. In addition, consistent evidence suggests that the components of the Mediterranean diet have a synergistic effect on cardiovascular risk due to its anti-inflammatory profile and microbiome effects. While the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are well-established, health advice and dietary guidelines have been built on largely male-dominant studies. Few studies have investigated the beneficial associations of the Mediterranean diet in sex-specific populations, including those with non-traditional risk factors that are specific to women, for instance polycystic ovarian syndrome and high-risk pregnancies, or more prevalent in women, such as chronic inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the Mediterranean diet in women in relation to cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushriya Pant
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Derek P. Chew
- Victorian Heart Hospital, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mamas A. Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sarah Zaman
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia;
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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28
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Niemela L, Lamoury G, Carroll S, Morgia M, Yeung A, Oh B. Exploring gender differences in the relationship between gut microbiome and depression - a scoping review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1361145. [PMID: 38439790 PMCID: PMC10910028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1361145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits gender disparities, and emerging evidence suggests the involvement of the gut microbiome, necessitating exploration of sex-specific differences. Methods A review was conducted, encompassing a thorough examination of relevant studies available in Medline via Ovid, Embase via OvidSP, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases from their inception to June 2023. The search strategy employed specific keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms tailored to major depressive disorder in women, encompassing unipolar depression, depressive symptoms, and dysbiosis. Results Five studies were included. Among the four studies, alterations in alpha (n=1) and beta diversity (n=3) in the gut microbiome of individuals with MDD were revealed compared to controls. Gender-specific differences were observed in four studies, demonstrating the abundance of specific bacterial taxa and highlighting potential sex-specific implications in MDD pathophysiology. Correlation analyses (n=4) indicated associations between certain bacterial taxa and the severity of depressive symptoms, with varying patterns between males and females. Studies (n=3) also highlighted promising findings regarding the potential utility of microbial markers in diagnosing MDD, emphasizing the crucial role of sex stratification in understanding the disease pathophysiology. Conclusions The findings underscore the importance of recognizing gender-specific differences in the composition of the gut microbiome and its relationship with MDD. Further comprehensive robust studies are required to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Niemela
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gillian Lamoury
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan Carroll
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marita Morgia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Albert Yeung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Byeongsang Oh
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hofford RS, Meckel KR, Wiser EJ, Wang W, Sens JP, Kim M, Godino A, Lam TT, Kiraly DD. Microbiome Depletion Increases Fentanyl Self-Administration and Alters the Striatal Proteome Through Short-Chain Fatty Acids. eNeuro 2024; 11:11/2/ENEURO.0388-23.2023. [PMID: 38164564 PMCID: PMC10875718 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0388-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a public health crisis currently being exacerbated by increased rates of use and overdose of synthetic opioids, primarily fentanyl. Therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers and treatment strategies to reduce problematic fentanyl use and relapse to fentanyl taking is critical. In recent years, there has been a growing body of work demonstrating that the gut microbiome can serve as a potent modulator of the behavioral and transcriptional responses to both stimulants and opioids. Here, we advance this work to define how manipulations of the microbiome drive fentanyl intake and fentanyl-seeking in a translationally relevant drug self-administration model. Depletion of the microbiome of male rats with broad spectrum antibiotics leads to increased drug administration on increased fixed ratio, progressive ratio, and drug seeking after abstinence. Utilizing 16S sequencing of microbiome contents from these animals, specific populations of bacteria from the gut microbiome correlate closely with levels of drug taking. Additionally, global proteomic analysis of the nucleus accumbens following microbiome manipulation and fentanyl administration to define how microbiome status alters the functional proteomic landscape in this key limbic substructure. These data demonstrate that an altered microbiome leads to marked changes in the synaptic proteome in response to repeated fentanyl treatment. Finally, behavioral effects of microbiome depletion are reversible by upplementation of the microbiome derived short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Taken together, these findings establish clear relevance for gut-brain signaling in models of OUD and lay foundations for further translational work in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
| | - Katherine R Meckel
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
| | - Elizabeth J Wiser
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
| | - Michelle Kim
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
| | - Arthur Godino
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Yale/NIDA Neuroproteomics Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029
- Department of Psychiatry, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
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30
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Yu SJ, Morris A, Kayal A, Milošević I, Van TTH, Bajagai YS, Stanley D. Pioneering gut health improvements in piglets with phytogenic feed additives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:142. [PMID: 38231265 PMCID: PMC10794284 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This research investigates the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on the growth performance, gut microbial community, and microbial metabolic functions in weaned piglets via a combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics approach. A controlled trial was conducted using 200 pigs to highlight the significant influence of PFAs on gut microbiota dynamics. Notably, the treatment group revealed an increased gut microbiota diversity, as measured with the Shannon and Simpson indices. The increase in diversity is accompanied by an increase in beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella, and a decline in potential pathogens like Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Campylobacter. Shotgun sequencing at the species level confirmed these findings. This modification in microbial profile was coupled with an altered profile of microbial metabolic pathways, suggesting a reconfiguration of microbial function under PFA influence. Significant shifts in overall microbial community structure by week 8 demonstrate PFA treatment's temporal impact. Histomorphological examination unveiled improved gut structure in PFA-treated piglets. The results of this study indicate that the use of PFAs as dietary supplements can be an effective strategy, augmenting gut microbiota diversity, reshaping microbial function, enhancing gut structure, and optimising intestinal health of weaned piglets providing valuable implications for swine production. KEY POINTS: • PFAs significantly diversify the gut microbiota in weaned piglets, aiding balance. • Changes in gut structure due to PFAs indicate improved resistance to weaning stress. • PFAs show potential to ease weaning stress, offering a substitute for antibiotics in piglet diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Yu
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Andrew Morris
- Riverbend Pork Group, 487-489 Ruthven Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia
| | - Advait Kayal
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Ivan Milošević
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11999, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
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31
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Bambi M, Galla G, Donati C, Rovero F, Hauffe HC, Barelli C. Gut microbiota variations in wild yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) are associated with sex and habitat disturbance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:869. [PMID: 38195759 PMCID: PMC10776872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although male and female mammals differ in biological traits and functional needs, the contribution of this sexual dimorphism to variations in gut bacteria and fungi (gut microbiota) in relation to habitat type has not been fully examined. To understand whether the combination of sex and habitat affects gut microbiota variation, we analyzed 40 fecal samples of wild yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) living in contrasting habitat types (intact, well-protected vs. fragmented, less protected forests) in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Sex determination was performed using the marker genes SRY (Sex-determining Region Y) and DDX3X-DDX3Y (DEAD-Box Helicase 3). Samples were attributed to 34 individuals (19 females and 15 males) belonging to five social groups. Combining the results of sex determination with two amplicon sequencing datasets on bacterial (V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene) and fungal (ITS2) gut communities, we found that overall, baboon females had a significantly higher gut bacterial richness compared to males. Beta diversity estimates indicated that bacterial composition was significantly different between males and females, and this was true for individuals from both well- and less protected forests. Our results highlight the combined role of sex and habitat type in shaping variation in gut microbial communities in wild non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bambi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulio Galla
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Computational Biology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Heidi C Hauffe
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudia Barelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Feješ A, Belvončíková P, Porcel Sanchis D, Borbélyová V, Celec P, Džunková M, Gardlík R. The Effect of Cross-Sex Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Metabolism and Hormonal Status in Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:601. [PMID: 38203771 PMCID: PMC10778742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence of sexual dimorphism in the pathophysiology of metabolic complications caused by sex steroids is under investigation. The gut microbiota represents a complex microbial ecosystem involved in energy metabolism, immune response, nutrition acquisition, and the health of host organisms. Gender-specific differences in composition are present between females and males. The purpose of this study was to use cross-sex fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the detection of sex-dependent metabolic, hormonal, and gut microbiota changes in female and male recipients. Healthy non-obese female and male Wistar rats were divided into donor, same-sex, and cross-sex recipient groups. After a 30-day period of FMT administration, biochemical markers (glucose and lipid metabolism) and sex hormones were measured, and the gut microbiota was analyzed. The cross-sex male recipients displayed a significantly lower testosterone concentration compared to the males that received same-sex FMT. Sex-dependent changes caused by cross-sex FMT were detected, while several bacterial taxa correlated with plasma testosterone levels. This study represents the first to study the effect of cross-sex changes in the gut microbiome concerning metabolic and hormonal changes/status in adult non-obese Wistar rats. Herein, we present cross-sex FMT as a potential tool to modify sex-specific pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Feješ
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.F.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulína Belvončíková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.F.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Dafne Porcel Sanchis
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 469 80 Valencia, Spain; (D.P.S.)
| | - Veronika Borbélyová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.F.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.F.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Mária Džunková
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 469 80 Valencia, Spain; (D.P.S.)
| | - Roman Gardlík
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.F.); (P.B.); (V.B.); (P.C.)
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Chieu RV, Hamilton K, Ryan PM, Copeland J, Wang PW, Retnakaran R, Guttman DS, Parkinson J, Hamilton JK. The impact of gestational diabetes on functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome is modest and transient. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2356277. [PMID: 38798005 PMCID: PMC11135868 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2356277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic complication that manifests as hyperglycemia during the later stages of pregnancy. In high resource settings, careful management of GDM limits risk to the pregnancy, and hyperglycemia typically resolves after birth. At the same time, previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiome of infants born to mothers who experienced GDM exhibit reduced diversity and reduction in the abundance of several key taxa, including Lactobacillus. What is not known is what the functional consequences of these changes might be. In this case control study, we applied 16S rRNA sequence surveys and metatranscriptomics to profile the gut microbiome of 30 twelve-month-old infants - 16 from mothers with GDM, 14 from mothers without - to examine the impact of GDM during pregnancy. Relative to the mode of delivery and sex of the infant, maternal GDM status had a limited impact on the structure and function of the developing microbiome. While GDM samples were associated with a decrease in alpha diversity, we observed no effect on beta diversity and no differentially abundant taxa. Further, while the mode of delivery and sex of infant affected the expression of multiple bacterial pathways, much of the impact of GDM status on the function of the infant microbiome appears to be lost by twelve months of age. These data may indicate that, while mode of delivery appears to impact function and diversity for longer than anticipated, GDM may not have persistent effects on the function nor composition of the infant gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V. Chieu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M. Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Copeland
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline W. Wang
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David S. Guttman
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution & Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Parkinson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jill K. Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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Arzamendi MJ, Habibyan YB, Defaye M, Shute A, Baggio CH, Chan R, Ohland C, Bihan DG, Lewis IA, Sharkey KA, McCoy KD, Altier C, Geuking MB, Nasser Y. Sex-specific post-inflammatory dysbiosis mediates chronic visceral pain in colitis. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2409207. [PMID: 39360560 PMCID: PMC11451282 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2409207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite achieving endoscopic remission, over 20% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients experience chronic abdominal pain. Visceral pain and the microbiome exhibit sex-dependent interactions, while visceral pain in IBD shows a sex bias. Our aim was to evaluate whether post-inflammatory microbial perturbations contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in a sex-dependent manner. METHODS Males, cycling females, ovariectomized, and sham-operated females were given dextran sodium sulfate to induce colitis and allowed to recover. Germ-free recipients received sex-appropriate and cross-sex fecal microbial transplants (FMT) from post-inflammatory donor mice. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention. The composition of the microbiota was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene V4 amplicon sequencing, while the metabolome was assessed using targeted (short chain fatty acids - SCFA) and semi-targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Post-inflammatory cycling females developed visceral hyperalgesia when compared to males. This effect was reversed by ovariectomy. Both post-inflammatory males and females exhibited increased SCFA-producing species, but only males had elevated fecal SCFA content. FMT from post-inflammatory females transferred visceral hyperalgesia to both males and females, while FMT from post-inflammatory males could only transfer visceral hyperalgesia to males. CONCLUSIONS Female sex, hormonal status as well as the gut microbiota play a role in pain modulation. Our data highlight the importance of considering biological sex in the evaluation of visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Arzamendi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasaman B. Habibyan
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Shute
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cristiane H. Baggio
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald Chan
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christina Ohland
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique G. Bihan
- Alberta Centre for Advanced Diagnostics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian A. Lewis
- Alberta Centre for Advanced Diagnostics, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A. Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D. McCoy
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Markus B. Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Schwarz A, Hernandez L, Arefin S, Sartirana E, Witasp A, Wernerson A, Stenvinkel P, Kublickiene K. Sweet, bloody consumption - what we eat and how it affects vascular ageing, the BBB and kidney health in CKD. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341449. [PMID: 38686499 PMCID: PMC11062370 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In today's industrialized society food consumption has changed immensely toward heightened red meat intake and use of artificial sweeteners instead of grains and vegetables or sugar, respectively. These dietary changes affect public health in general through an increased incidence of metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity, with a further elevated risk for cardiorenal complications. Research shows that high red meat intake and artificial sweeteners ingestion can alter the microbial composition and further intestinal wall barrier permeability allowing increased transmission of uremic toxins like p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine n-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine into the blood stream causing an array of pathophysiological effects especially as a strain on the kidneys, since they are responsible for clearing out the toxins. In this review, we address how the burden of the Western diet affects the gut microbiome in altering the microbial composition and increasing the gut permeability for uremic toxins and the detrimental effects thereof on early vascular aging, the kidney per se and the blood-brain barrier, in addition to the potential implications for dietary changes/interventions to preserve the health issues related to chronic diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leah Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Sartirana
- Department of Translational Medicine, Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Anna Witasp
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Marano G, Traversi G, Gaetani E, Gasbarrini A, Mazza M. Gut microbiota in women: The secret of psychological and physical well-being. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5945-5952. [PMID: 38131001 PMCID: PMC10731147 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i45.5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota works in unison with the host, promoting its health. In particular, it has been shown to exert protective, metabolic and structural functions. Recent evidence has revealed the influence of the gut microbiota on other organs such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular and the endocrine-metabolic systems and the digestive system. The study of the gut microbiota is outlining new and broader frontiers every day and holds enormous innovation potential for the medical and pharmaceutical fields. Prevention and treatment of specific women's diseases involves the need to deepen the function of the gut as a junction organ where certain positive bacteria can be very beneficial to health. The gut microbiota is unique and dynamic at the same time, subject to external factors that can change it, and is capable of modulating itself at different stages of a woman's life, playing an important role that arises from the intertwining of biological mechanisms between the microbiota and the female genital system. The gut microbiota could play a key role in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marano
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Rome 00186, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Marianna Mazza
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00168, Italy
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome 00168, Italy
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Yeo XY, Chae WR, Lee HU, Bae HG, Pettersson S, Grandjean J, Han W, Jung S. Nuanced contribution of gut microbiome in the early brain development of mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2283911. [PMID: 38010368 PMCID: PMC10768743 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2283911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex symbiotic relationship between the mammalian body and gut microbiome plays a critical role in the health outcomes of offspring later in life. The gut microbiome modulates virtually all physiological functions through direct or indirect interactions to maintain physiological homeostasis. Previous studies indicate a link between maternal/early-life gut microbiome, brain development, and behavioral outcomes relating to social cognition. Here we present direct evidence of the role of the gut microbiome in brain development. Through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated the impact of the gut microbiome on brain organization and structure using germ-free (GF) mice and conventionalized mice, with the gut microbiome reintroduced after weaning. We found broad changes in brain volume in GF mice that persist despite the reintroduction of gut microbes at weaning. These data suggest a direct link between the maternal gut or early-postnatal microbe and their impact on brain developmental programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ung Lee
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sven Pettersson
- National Neuroscience Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Health Services, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Weiping Han
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Lab of Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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38
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Ou Y, Rots E, Belzer C, Smidt H, de Weerth C. Gut microbiota and child behavior in early puberty: does child sex play a role? Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2278222. [PMID: 37943628 PMCID: PMC10731618 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2278222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have indicated relations between the gut microbiota and mental health. However, to date, there is a scarcity of microbiota studies in community samples in early puberty. The current preregistered study (https://osf.io/wu2vt) investigated gut microbiota composition in relation to sex in low-risk children and explored behavioral associations with gut microbiota composition and metabolites in the same samples, together with the potential role of sex. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in 12-year-old children (N = 137) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR. Modest sex differences were observed in beta diversity. Generalized linear models showed consistent behavioral relations to both relative and absolute abundances of individual taxa, including positive associations between Parasutterella and mother-reported internalizing behavior, and negative associations between Odoribacter and mother-reported externalizing behavior. Additionally, Prevotella 9 was positively related to mother-reported externalizing behavior, confirming earlier findings on the same cohort at 5 years of age. Sex-related differences were found in behavioral relations to Ruminiclostridium 5, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminiclostridium 9, Ruminococcaceae UCG-5, and Dialister, for relative abundances, as well as to Family XIII AD3011 group and an unidentified bacterium within the Tenericutes, for absolute abundances. Limited behavioral relations were observed regarding alpha diversity and fecal metabolites. Our findings describe links between the gut microbiota and child behavior, together with differences between child sexes in these relations, in low-risk early pubertal children. Importantly, this study confirmed earlier findings in this cohort of positive relations between Prevotella 9 and externalizing behavior at age 10 years. Results also show the merit of including absolute abundances in microbiota studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenshan Ou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Rots
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kapphan LM, Nguyen VTT, Heinrich I, Tüscher O, Passauer P, Schwiertz A, Endres K. Comparison of Frailty and Chronological Age as Determinants of the Murine Gut Microbiota in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2856. [PMID: 38138000 PMCID: PMC10745811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing of an organism is associated with certain features of functional decline that can be assessed at the cellular level (e.g., reduced telomere length, loss of proteostasis, etc.), but also at the organismic level. Frailty is an independent syndrome that involves increased multidimensional age-related deficits, heightens vulnerability to stressors, and involves physical deficits in mainly the locomotor/muscular capacity, but also in physical appearance and cognition. For sporadic Alzheimer's disease, age per se is one of the most relevant risk factors, but frailty has also been associated with this disease. Therefore, we aimed to answer the two following questions within a cross-sectional study: (1) do Alzheimer's model mice show increased frailty, and (2) what changes of the microbiota occur concerning chronological age or frailty? Indeed, aged 5xFAD mice showed increased frailty compared to wild type littermates. In addition, 5xFAD mice had significantly lower quantities of Bacteroides spp. when only considering frailty, and lower levels of Bacteroidetes in terms of both frailty and chronological age compared to their wild type littermates. Thus, the quality of ageing-as assessed by frailty measures-should be taken into account to unravel potential changes in the gut microbial community in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Malina Kapphan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.T.T.N.); (I.H.); (O.T.)
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.T.T.N.); (I.H.); (O.T.)
| | - Isabel Heinrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.T.T.N.); (I.H.); (O.T.)
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.T.T.N.); (I.H.); (O.T.)
| | - Pamela Passauer
- MVZ Institut für Mikroökologie GmbH, 35745 Herborn, Germany; (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Schwiertz
- MVZ Institut für Mikroökologie GmbH, 35745 Herborn, Germany; (P.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.M.K.); (V.T.T.N.); (I.H.); (O.T.)
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40
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Fan C, Zheng Y, Xue H, Xu J, Wu M, Chen L, Xu L. Different gut microbial types were found in captive striped hamsters. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16365. [PMID: 37953783 PMCID: PMC10634337 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Typing analysis has become a popular approach to categorize individual differences in studies of animal gut microbial communities. However, previous definitions of gut microbial types were more understood as a passive reaction process to different external interferences, as most studies involve diverse environmental variables. We wondered whether distinct gut microbial types can also occur in animals under the same external environment. Moreover, the role of host sex in shaping gut microbiota has been widely reported; thus, the current study preliminarily explores the effects of sex on potential different microbial types. Methods Here, adult striped hamsters Cricetulus barabensis of different sexes were housed under the same controlled laboratory conditions, and their fecal samples were collected after two months to assess the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results The gut microbiota of captive striped hamsters naturally separated into two types at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level. There was a significant difference in the Shannon index among these two types. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the top 30 ASVs could effectively distinguish each type. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) showed enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus, Treponema and Pygmaiobacter in one gut microbial type and enrichment of the genera Turicibacter and Ruminiclostridium in the other. The former type had higher carbohydrate metabolism ability, while the latter harbored a more complex co-occurrence network and higher amino acid metabolism ability. The gut microbial types were not associated with sex; however, we did find sex differences in the relative abundances of certain bacterial taxa, including some type-specific sex variations. Conclusions Although captive animals live in a unified environment, their gut bacteria can still differentiate into distinct types, but the sex of the hosts may not play an important role in the typing process of small-scale captive animal communities. The relevant driving factors as well as other potential types need to be further investigated to better understand host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Yunjiao Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Huiliang Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Laixiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
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41
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Kalnina I, Gudra D, Silamikelis I, Viksne K, Roga A, Skinderskis E, Fridmanis D, Klovins J. Variations in the Relative Abundance of Gut Bacteria Correlate with Lipid Profiles in Healthy Adults. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2656. [PMID: 38004667 PMCID: PMC10673050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a versatile system regulating numerous aspects of host metabolism. Among other traits, variations in the composition of gut microbial communities are related to blood lipid patterns and hyperlipidaemia, yet inconsistent association patterns exist. This study aims to assess the relationships between the composition of the gut microbiome and variations in lipid profiles among healthy adults. This study used data and samples from 23 adult participants of a previously conducted dietary intervention study. Circulating lipid measurements and whole-metagenome sequences of the gut microbiome were derived from 180 blood and faecal samples collected from eight visits distributed across an 11-week study. Lipid-related variables explained approximately 4.5% of the variation in gut microbiome compositions, with higher effects observed for total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins. Species from the genera Odoribacter, Anaerostipes, and Parabacteroides correlated with increased serum lipid levels, whereas probiotic species like Akkermansia muciniphila were more abundant among participants with healthier blood lipid profiles. An inverse correlation with serum cholesterol was also observed for Massilistercora timonensis, a player in regulating lipid turnover. The observed correlation patterns add to the growing evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiome as an essential regulator of host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineta Kalnina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre 1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
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Zheng S, Zhou L, Hoene M, Peter A, Birkenfeld AL, Weigert C, Liu X, Zhao X, Xu G, Lehmann R. A New Biomarker Profiling Strategy for Gut Microbiome Research: Valid Association of Metabolites to Metabolism of Microbiota Detected by Non-Targeted Metabolomics in Human Urine. Metabolites 2023; 13:1061. [PMID: 37887386 PMCID: PMC10608496 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is of tremendous relevance to human health and disease, so it is a hot topic of omics-driven biomedical research. However, a valid identification of gut microbiota-associated molecules in human blood or urine is difficult to achieve. We hypothesize that bowel evacuation is an easy-to-use approach to reveal such metabolites. A non-targeted and modifying group-assisted metabolomics approach (covering 40 types of modifications) was applied to investigate urine samples collected in two independent experiments at various time points before and after laxative use. Fasting over the same time period served as the control condition. As a result, depletion of the fecal microbiome significantly affected the levels of 331 metabolite ions in urine, including 100 modified metabolites. Dominating modifications were glucuronidations, carboxylations, sulfations, adenine conjugations, butyrylations, malonylations, and acetylations. A total of 32 compounds, including common, but also unexpected fecal microbiota-associated metabolites, were annotated. The applied strategy has potential to generate a microbiome-associated metabolite map (M3) of urine from healthy humans, and presumably also other body fluids. Comparative analyses of M3 vs. disease-related metabolite profiles, or therapy-dependent changes may open promising perspectives for human gut microbiome research and diagnostics beyond analyzing feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.H.); (A.P.); (C.W.)
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.H.); (A.P.); (C.W.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 90451 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 90451 Neuherberg, Germany
- Internal Medicine 4, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.H.); (A.P.); (C.W.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 90451 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (S.Z.); (L.Z.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (M.H.); (A.P.); (C.W.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 90451 Neuherberg, Germany
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Thorel M, Obregon D, Mulot B, Maitre A, Mateos-Hernandez L, Moalic PY, Wu-Chuang A, Cabezas-Cruz A, Leclerc A. Conserved core microbiota in managed and free-ranging Loxodonta africana elephants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247719. [PMID: 37860133 PMCID: PMC10582353 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in animal health and homeostasis, particularly in endangered species conservation. This study investigated the fecal microbiota composition of European captive-bred African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) housed in French zoos, and compared it with wild African savanna elephants. Fecal samples were collected and processed for DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis of α and β diversity revealed significant effects of factors such as diet, daily activity, and institution on microbiota composition. Specifically, provision of branches as part of the diet positively impacted microbiota diversity. Comparative analyses demonstrated distinct differences between captive and wild elephant microbiomes, characterized by lower bacterial diversity and altered co-occurrence patterns in the captive population. Notably, specific taxa were differentially abundant in captive and wild elephants, suggesting the influence of the environment on microbiota composition. Furthermore, the study identified a core association network shared by both captive and wild elephants, emphasizing the importance of certain taxa in maintaining microbial interactions. These findings underscore the impact of environment and husbandry factors on elephant gut microbiota, highlighting the benefits of dietary enrichment strategies in zoos to promote microbiome diversity and health. The study contributes to the broader understanding of host-microbiota interactions and provides insights applicable to conservation medicine and captive animal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Thorel
- ZooParc de Beauval and Beauval Nature, Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Dasiel Obregon
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Mulot
- ZooParc de Beauval and Beauval Nature, Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Apolline Maitre
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernandez
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Cutuli D, Decandia D, Giacovazzo G, Coccurello R. Physical Exercise as Disease-Modifying Alternative against Alzheimer's Disease: A Gut-Muscle-Brain Partnership. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14686. [PMID: 37834132 PMCID: PMC10572207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia characterized by neurodegenerative dysregulations, cognitive impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Physical exercise (PE) has emerged as a powerful tool for reducing chronic inflammation, improving overall health, and preventing cognitive decline. The connection between the immune system, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation highlights the role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining brain health and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Neglected so far, PE has beneficial effects on microbial composition and diversity, thus providing the potential to alleviate neurological symptoms. There is bidirectional communication between the gut and muscle, with GM diversity modulation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production affecting muscle metabolism and preservation, and muscle activity/exercise in turn inducing significant changes in GM composition, functionality, diversity, and SCFA production. This gut-muscle and muscle-gut interplay can then modulate cognition. For instance, irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, promotes neuroplasticity and cognitive function through BDNF signaling. Irisin and muscle-generated BDNF may mediate the positive effects of physical activity against some aspects of AD pathophysiology through the interaction of exercise with the gut microbial ecosystem, neural plasticity, anti-inflammatory signaling pathways, and neurogenesis. Understanding gut-muscle-brain interconnections hold promise for developing strategies to promote brain health, fight age-associated cognitive decline, and improve muscle health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Davide Decandia
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Giacovazzo
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo (UniTE), 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kaya G, Usta D, Sag E, Aydin ZG, Buruk CK, Ozkaya E, Aydin F, Cakir M. Incidence and Risk Factors for Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea Among Hospitalized Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:745-749. [PMID: 37310932 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical findings, and risk factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in hospitalized children without known comorbid diseases. METHODS All hospitalized children during the 1-year period that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study (n = 358). AAD was defined as; ≥2 loose or watery stools per day for a minimum of 24 hours during antibiotic treatment caused by Clostridioides difficile or negative stool tests for identifiable infectious agents. RESULTS During hospitalization, diarrhea developed in 32 (8.93%) of the 358 patients. C. difficile toxin B was positive for 1 case. No infectious agents were detected in 21 patients. Overall, AAD was observed in 22 patients (6.14%, 95% CI: 4.09-9.13). Male sex ( P = 0.027, OR: 3.36), age between 1 month and <3 years ( P = 0.01, OR: 4.23), ibuprofen use ( P = 0.044, OR: 2.63) and late administration of antibiotics ( P = 0.001, OR: 9.5) were associated with the development of AAD. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AAD is low among hospitalized children without comorbid diseases, and most diarrheal episodes are mild and self-limiting. The use of probiotics in this patient group may be limited to certain specific situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Kaya
- From the Division of Pediatrics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Deniz Usta
- From the Division of Pediatrics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Elif Sag
- Division of Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zg Gayretli Aydin
- Division of Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Celal Kurtulus Buruk
- Division of Department of Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozkaya
- Division of Department of Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Faruk Aydin
- Division of Department of Microbiology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Murat Cakir
- From the Division of Pediatrics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Liong S, Miles MA, Mohsenipour M, Liong F, Hill-Yardin EL, Selemidis S. Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy causes immunological changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of offspring mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G230-G238. [PMID: 37431584 PMCID: PMC10435073 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00062.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy can affect offspring immune programming and development. Offspring born from influenza-infected mothers are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and have impaired respiratory mucosal immunity against pathogens. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) represents a large proportion of the immune system in the body and plays an important role in gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. This includes immune modulation to antigens derived from food or microbes, gut microbiota composition, and gut-brain axis signaling. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of maternal IAV infection on mucosal immunity of the GI tract in the offspring. There were no major anatomical changes to the gastrointestinal tract of offspring born to influenza-infected dams. In contrast, maternal IAV did affect the mucosal immunity of offspring, showing regional differences in immune cell profiles within distinct GALT. Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells infiltration was increased in the cecal patch offspring from IAV-infected dams. In the Peyer's patches, only activated CD4+ T cells were increased in IAV offspring. IL-6 gene expression was also elevated in the cecal patch but not in the Peyer's patches of IAV offspring. These findings suggest that maternal IAV infection perturbs homeostatic mucosal immunity in the offspring gastrointestinal tract. This could have profound ramifications on the gut-brain axis and mucosal immunity in the lungs leading to increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and neurological disorders in the offspring later in life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy is associated with changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the offspring in a region-dependent manner. Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were elevated in the cecal patch of offspring from infected dams. This increase in innate immune cell infiltration was not observed in the Peyer's patches. T cells were also elevated in the cecal patch but not in the Peyer's patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Liong
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Miles
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitra Mohsenipour
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felicia Liong
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Respiratory Science and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Rosel-Pech C, Pinto-Cardoso S, Chávez-Torres M, Montufar N, Osuna-Padilla I, Ávila-Ríos S, Reyes-Terán G, Aguirre-Alvarado C, Matías Juan NA, Pérez-Lorenzana H, Vázquez-Rosales JG, Bekker-Méndez VC. Distinct fecal microbial signatures are linked to sex and chronic immune activation in pediatric HIV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244473. [PMID: 37711620 PMCID: PMC10497879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our understanding of HIV-associated gut microbial dysbiosis in children perinatally-infected with HIV (CLWH) lags behind that of adults living with HIV. Childhood represents a critical window for the gut microbiota. Any disturbances, including prolonged exposure to HIV, antiretroviral drugs, and antibiotics are likely to have a significant impact on long-term health, resulting in a less resilient gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota in CLWH, and compare it with HIV-unexposed and -uninfected children. Methods We enrolled 31 children aged 3 to 15 years; 15 were CLWH and 16 were HUU. We assessed dietary patterns and quality; quantified soluble and cellular markers of HIV disease progression by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent and multiplex-bead assays, and profiled the gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. We explored relationships between the gut microbiota, antibiotic exposure, dietary habits, soluble and cellular markers and host metadata. Results Children had a Western-type diet, their median health eating index score was 67.06 (interquartile range 58.76-74.66). We found no discernable impact of HIV on the gut microbiota. Alpha diversity metrics did not differ between CLWH and HUU. Sex impacted the gut microbiota (R-squared= 0.052, PERMANOVA p=0.024). Male children had higher microbial richness compared with female children. Two taxa were found to discriminate female from male children independently from HIV status: Firmicutes for males, and Bacteroides for females. Markers of HIV disease progression were comparable between CLWH and HUU, except for the frequency of exhausted CD4+ T cells (PD-1+) which was increased in CLWH (p=0.0024 after adjusting for confounders). Both the frequency of exhausted CD4+ and activated CD4+ T cells (CD38+ HLADR+) correlated positively with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (rho=0.568. false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p= 0.029, and rho=0.62, FDR-adjusted p=0.0126, respectively). Conclusion The gut microbiota of CLWH appears similar to that of HUU, and most markers of HIV disease progression are normalized with long-term ART, suggesting a beneficial effect of the latter on the gut microbial ecology. The relationship between exhausted and activated CD4+ T cells and Proteobacteria suggests a connection between the gut microbiome, and premature aging in CLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rosel-Pech
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pinto-Cardoso
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Chávez-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nadia Montufar
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Osuna-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Charmina Aguirre-Alvarado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Angelica Matías Juan
- Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Pérez-Lorenzana
- UMAE Hospital General Dr. Gaudencio González Garza, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Vázquez-Rosales
- Hospital de Pediatría “Doctor Silvestre Frenk Freund”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, Mexico
| | - Vilma Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Hospital de Infectología “Dr. Daniel Méndez Hernández”, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Pheeha SM, Tamuzi JL, Chale-Matsau B, Manda S, Nyasulu PS. A Scoping Review Evaluating the Current State of Gut Microbiota Research in Africa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2118. [PMID: 37630678 PMCID: PMC10458939 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has emerged as a key human health and disease determinant. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding the composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota, specifically in the African population. This scoping review aims to examine the existing literature on gut microbiota research conducted in Africa, providing an overview of the current knowledge and identifying research gaps. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), African Index Medicus (AIM), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Science Citation index (Web of Science), Embase (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. Studies investigating the gut microbiota in African populations of all age groups were included. The initial screening included a total of 2136 articles, of which 154 were included in this scoping review. The current scoping review revealed a limited number of studies investigating diseases of public health significance in relation to the gut microbiota. Among these studies, HIV (14.3%), colorectal cancer (5.2%), and diabetes mellitus (3.9%) received the most attention. The top five countries that contributed to gut microbiota research were South Africa (16.2%), Malawi (10.4%), Egypt (9.7%), Kenya (7.1%), and Nigeria (6.5%). The high number (n = 66) of studies that did not study any specific disease in relation to the gut microbiota remains a gap that needs to be filled. This scoping review brings attention to the prevalent utilization of observational study types (38.3%) in the studies analysed and emphasizes the importance of conducting more experimental studies. Furthermore, the findings reflect the need for more disease-focused, comprehensive, and population-specific gut microbiota studies across diverse African regions and ethnic groups to better understand the factors shaping gut microbiota composition and its implications for health and disease. Such knowledge has the potential to inform targeted interventions and personalized approaches for improving health outcomes in African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Pheeha
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (S.M.P.)
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
| | - Jacques L. Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (S.M.P.)
| | - Bettina Chale-Matsau
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Samuel Manda
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Peter S. Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (S.M.P.)
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Beaumont M, Lencina C, Bertide A, Gallo L, Barilly C, Marrauld C, Cauquil L, Samson A, Combes S. The Early Life Microbiota Is Not a Major Factor Underlying the Susceptibility to Postweaning Diarrhea in Piglets. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0069423. [PMID: 37358441 PMCID: PMC10433861 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00694-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets impair welfare, induce economic losses and lead to overuse of antibiotics. The early life gut microbiota was proposed to contribute to the susceptibility to PWD. The objective of our study was to evaluate in a large cohort of 116 piglets raised in 2 separate farms whether the gut microbiota composition and functions during the suckling period were associated with the later development of PWD. The fecal microbiota and metabolome were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and nuclear magnetic based resonance at postnatal day 13 in male and female piglets. The later development of PWD was recorded for the same animals from weaning (day 21) to day 54. The gut microbiota structure and α-diversity during the suckling period were not associated with the later development of PWD. There was no significant difference in the relative abundances of bacterial taxa in suckling piglets that later developed PWD. The predicted functionality of the gut microbiota and the fecal metabolome signature during the suckling period were not linked to the later development of PWD. Trimethylamine was the bacterial metabolite which fecal concentration during the suckling period was the most strongly associated with the later development of PWD. However, experiments in piglet colon organoids showed that trimethylamine did not disrupt epithelial homeostasis and is thus not likely to predispose to PWD through this mechanism. In conclusion, our data suggest that the early life microbiota is not a major factor underlying the susceptibility to PWD in piglets. IMPORTANCE This study shows that the fecal microbiota composition and metabolic activity are similar in suckling piglets (13 days after birth) that either later develop post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) or not, which is a major threat for animal welfare that also causes important economic losses and antibiotic treatments in pig production. The aim of this work was to study a large cohort of piglets raised in separates environments, which is a major factor influencing the early life microbiota. One of the main findings is that, although the fecal concentration of trimethylamine in suckling piglets was associated with the later development of PWD, this gut microbiota-derived metabolite did not disrupt the epithelial homeostasis in organoids derived from the pig colon. Overall, this study suggests that the gut microbiota during the suckling period is not a major factor underlying the susceptibility of piglets to PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Corinne Lencina
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Allan Bertide
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lise Gallo
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Barilly
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Laurent Cauquil
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Sylvie Combes
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Querdasi FR, Vogel SC, Thomason ME, Callaghan BL, Brito NH. A comparison of the infant gut microbiome before versus after the start of the covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13289. [PMID: 37587195 PMCID: PMC10432475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health directives led to many changes in families' social and material environments. Prior research suggests that these changes are likely to impact composition of the gut microbiome, particularly during early childhood when the gut microbiome is developing most rapidly. Importantly, disruption to the gut microbiome during this sensitive period can have potentially long-lasting impacts on health and development. In the current study, we compare gut microbiome composition among a socioeconomically and racially diverse group of 12-month old infants living in New York City who provided stool samples before the pandemic (N = 34) to a group who provided samples during the first 9-months of the pandemic (March-December 2020; N = 20). We found that infants sampled during the pandemic had lower alpha diversity of the microbiome, lower abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Haemophilus, and significantly different beta diversity based on unweighted Unifrac distance than infants sampled before the pandemic. Exploratory analyses suggest that gut microbiome changes due to the pandemic occurred relatively quickly after the start of the pandemic and were sustained. Our results provide evidence that pandemic-related environmental disruptions had an impact on community-level taxonomic diversity of the developing gut microbiome, as well as abundance of specific members of the gut bacterial community.
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