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Kleiber A, Roy J, Brunet V, Baranek E, Le-Calvez JM, Kerneis T, Batard A, Calvez S, Pineau L, Milla S, Guesdon V, Calandreau L, Colson V. Feeding predictability as a cognitive enrichment protects brain function and physiological status in rainbow trout: a multidisciplinary approach to assess fish welfare. Animal 2024; 18:101081. [PMID: 38335569 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive enrichment is a promising but understudied type of environmental enrichment that aims to stimulate the cognitive abilities of animals by providing them with more opportunities to interact with (namely, to predict events than can occur) and to control their environment. In a previous study, we highlighted that farmed rainbow trout can predict daily feedings after two weeks of conditioning, the highest conditioned response being elicited by the combination of both temporal and signalled predictability. In the present study, we tested the feeding predictability that elicited the highest conditioned response in rainbow trout (both temporal and signalled by bubbles, BUBBLE + TIME treatment) as a cognitive enrichment strategy to improve their welfare. We thus analysed the long-term effects of this feeding predictability condition as compared with an unpredictable feeding condition (RANDOM treatment) on the welfare of rainbow trout, including the markers in the modulation of brain function, through a multidisciplinary approach. To reveal the brain regulatory pathways and networks involved in the long-term effects of feeding predictability, we measured gene markers of cerebral activity and plasticity, neurotransmitter pathways and physiological status of fish (oxidative stress, inflammatory status, cell type and stress status). After almost three months under these predictability conditions of feeding, we found clear evidence of improved welfare in fish from BUBBLE + TIME treatment. Feeding predictability allowed for a food anticipatory activity and resulted in fewer aggressive behaviours, burst of accelerations, and jumps before mealtime. BUBBLE + TIME fish were also less active between meals, which is in line with the observed decreased expression of transcripts related to the dopaminergic system. BUBBLE + TIME fish tented to present fewer eroded dorsal fin and infections to the pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Decreased expression of most of the studied mRNA involved in oxidative stress and immune responses confirm these tendencies else suggesting a strong role of feeding predictability on fish health status and that RANDOM fish may have undergone chronic stress. Fish emotional reactivity while isolated in a novel-tank as measured by fear behaviour and plasma cortisol levels were similar between the two treatments, as well as fish weight and size. To conclude, signalled combined with temporal predictability of feeding appears to be a promising approach of cognitive enrichment to protect brain function via the physiological status of farmed rainbow trout in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kleiber
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France; INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France; INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - J Roy
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - V Brunet
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - E Baranek
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR1419 Nutrition Metabolism and Aquaculture, Aquapôle, F-64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - A Batard
- INRAE, PEIMA, 29450 Sizun, France
| | - S Calvez
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - L Pineau
- Oniris, INRAE, BIOEPAR, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - S Milla
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - V Guesdon
- JUNIA, Comportement Animal et Systèmes d'Elevage, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - L Calandreau
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - V Colson
- INRAE, LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
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Pawlak P, Burren A, Seitz A, Pietsch C. Effects of different acute stressors on the regulation of appetite genes in the carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) brain. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230040. [PMID: 36816841 PMCID: PMC9929511 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the timing of stress responses and specific roles of different regulatory pathways that drive stress responses is incomplete. In particular, the regulation of appetite genes as a consequence of exposure to different stressors has not been studied in sufficient detail in fish. Therefore, a stress trial was conducted with koi carp, aiming at identifying typical effects of stress on regulation of appetite genes. The stressors tank manipulation, air exposure and feed rewarding were chosen. The responses to these stressors were evaluated 10, 30 and 60 min after the stressors were applied. Orexigenic and anorexigenic genes were investigated in four different brain regions (telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum and rhombencephalon). The results show that, apart from the typical appetite regulation in the hypothalamus, the different brain regions also display pronounced responses of appetite genes to the different stressors. In addition, several genes in the serotonergic, dopaminergic and gaba-related pathways were investigated. These genes revealed that rearing in pairs of two and opening of the tank lid affected anorexigenic genes, such as cart and cck, which were not changed by air exposure or feed rewarding. Moreover, distress and eustress led to limited, but distinguishable gene expression pattern changes in the investigated brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pawlak
- Agronomy, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Bern CH-2052, Switzerland
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032, Hinterkappelen, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Burren
- Agronomy, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Bern CH-2052, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Seitz
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Zürich CH-8820, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Pietsch
- Agronomy, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Bern CH-2052, Switzerland
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Kuhn J, Azari S, Volkoff H. Effects of temperature on food intake and the expression of appetite regulators in three Characidae fish: The black-skirted tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi), neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi) and Mexican cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111333. [PMID: 36244591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Characidae family of fish is composed of commercially important species for which little is known about the regulation of feeding. Fish are ectotherms so that their body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of the surrounding water. Changes in water temperature can thus have major effects on the physiology of fish, in particular their feeding. The mechanisms by which appetite is influenced by changes in temperatures in fish remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of temperature on feeding behavior, food intake and the expression of appetite regulators in three characid fish (black tetra, neon tetra and cavefish) by submitting them to four different temperatures for 2 weeks (20°C, 24°C, 28°C, 32°C). In all species, food intake increased with increasing temperature. In neon and black tetras, increasing temperatures decreased expressions of orexin and leptin and increased that of cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART). In cavefish, temperature had no effect on brain orexin, leptin or CART. In all three species, higher temperatures induced increases in intestine expression of cholecystokinin (CCK), but no effects were seen for intestine ghrelin and peptide YY expressions. Our results show that temperature affects feeding in Characidae fish and induces species-specific changes in the expression of appetite regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Kuhn
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Hochschule Mannheim University, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Sepideh Azari
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Martins N, Castro C, Oliva-Teles A, Peres H. The Interplay between Central and Peripheral Systems in Feed Intake Regulation in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233287. [PMID: 36496811 PMCID: PMC9739057 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding or feed deprivation on the orexigenic and anorexigenic responses at the central (whole brain) and peripheral (anterior and posterior intestine, stomach, and liver) system levels in European seabass. For this purpose, a group of fish (208 g) was fed a single meal daily for 8 days (fed group) and another group was feed-deprived for 8 days (unfed group). Compared to the fed group, in the whole brain, feed deprivation did not induce changes in npy, agrp1, and cart2 expression, but increased agrp2 and pomc1 expression. In the anterior intestine, feed deprivation increased cck expression, while in the posterior intestine, the npy expression increased and pyyb decreased. In the stomach, the ghr expression decreased regardless of the feeding status. The hepatic lep expression increased in the unfed fish. The present results suggest a feed intake regulation mechanism in European seabass similar to that observed in other teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Castro
- FLATLANTIC—Atividades Piscícolas, S.A., Rua do Aceiros s/n, 3070-732 Praia de Mira, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n 289, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Gomes AS, Lygre E, Harboe T, Zimmermann F, Jordal AEO, Hamre K, Rønnestad I. The role of cholecystokinin and peptide YY in feed intake in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae. Neuropeptides 2022; 91:102202. [PMID: 34741845 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Control of appetite and feed intake in fish larvae are still largely unexplored. Two of the key players in controlling vertebrate's feed intake are cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY). Here we investigated the mRNA expression of pyy, cck and cck receptors (cckr) in the brain (head) and gut of Atlantic halibut larvae in response to three consecutive meals. We used Artemia nauplii cysts that are commonly ingested by halibut larvae when present as inert feed, and three water-soluble extracts as attractants to stimulate appetite. Cyst intake was not affected by the use of attractants and overall ingestion rate was low. Differences in mRNA expression of cck and pyy were observed between the halibut larvae that had eaten and those that had not despite readily available feed (cysts), supporting that mechanisms for control of feed intake are at least partly functional. All genes analysed were present in the brain and gut, however the different expression profiles between paralogues suggest potential divergent functions. In the gut, cck2 and pyyb mRNA expression was significantly higher in the larvae that ate cysts compared to larvae that decided to not eat, indicating that these genes play a satiety function in the halibut larvae similar to the general vertebrate scheme. However, cck2, cck2r1, and pyy mRNA expression in the brain were lower in the fed-filled larvae group compared to larvae before eating, which contrasts with the presumable anorectic function of these genes. Further research is required to fully evaluate how PYY and CCK affect the feeding biology in halibut larvae, contributing to formulate inert diets that can stimulate appetite and feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Endre Lygre
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Austevoll, Norway; Sogn Aqua AS, Bjordal, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Madaan P, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Yadav S, Kaur S, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Abdellatif AAH, Ashraf GM, Abdel-Daim MM, Dailah HG, Anwer MK, Bungau S. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Purinergic and Orexinergic Receptors in Alcoholic Neuropathy. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:646-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu X, Yan H, Li W. Recent advances in neuropeptide-related omics and gene editing: Spotlight on NPY and somatostatin and their roles in growth and food intake of fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1023842. [PMID: 36267563 PMCID: PMC9576932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1023842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and growth are two closely related and important physiological processes in living organisms. Studies in mammals have provided us with a series of characterizations of neuropeptides and their receptors as well as their roles in appetite control and growth. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of appetite. Based on their role in the regulation of feeding, neuropeptides can be classified as orexigenic peptide and anorexigenic peptide. To date, the regulation mechanism of neuropeptide on feeding and growth has been explored mainly from mammalian models, however, as a lower and diverse vertebrate, little is known in fish regarding the knowledge of regulatory roles of neuropeptides and their receptors. In recent years, the development of omics and gene editing technology has accelerated the speed and depth of research on neuropeptides and their receptors. These powerful techniques and tools allow a more precise and comprehensive perspective to explore the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides. This paper reviews the recent advance of omics and gene editing technologies in neuropeptides and receptors and their progresses in the regulation of feeding and growth of fish. The purpose of this review is to contribute to a comparative understanding of the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides in non-mammalians, especially fish.
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8
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Malik S. Effect of time-restricted feeding on 24-h rhythm in phototactic behavior of zebrafish. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1669941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Malik
- Chronobiology and Animal Behavior Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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9
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Zhang C, Yan Y, Zhang Q, Jiang Q. Molecular cloning and characterization of the novel adropin from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Involvement in the control of food intake. Neuropeptides 2021; 88:102165. [PMID: 34126542 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adropin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of food intake in mice. However, the mechanism of adropin in feeding regulation is still largely unknown. Using the tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, we identified and characterized a novel form of adropin (designated adropin-b) encoding a 68-amino acid precursor. Although adropin-b shared low amino acid identities with its tilapia paralog (designated adropin-a), synteny analysis proved that tilapia adropin is orthologous to its human counterpart. The transcripts of adropin-b were ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with the highest levels in the olfactory bulb. A decrease in adropin-b mRNA levels was observed 1 h following a meal in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and optic tectum, whereas fasting for 7 days induced an increase in adropin-b mRNA levels in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and optic tectum of tilapia brain. However, no changes in adropin-a mRNA levels were observed in the postprandial and fasting state. Intraperitoneal injection of tilapia adropin-b was shown to increase food consumption, but adropin-a did not affect feeding. Co-treatment of the fish with adropin-b and neuropeptide Y (NPY) had no additive effects on appetite. The appetite stimulatory effects of adropin-b appeared to be mediated by upregulating the orexigenic Npy, Orexin, and Proapelin gene expression, paralleled by inhibition of the mRNA levels of anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (Cart) in vivo and in vitro. These observations suggested that adropin-b participated in appetite control and gene regulation of central orexigenic and anorexigenic factors in a fish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yisha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qianli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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10
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The Roles of Neuropeptide Y ( Npy) and Peptide YY ( Pyy) in Teleost Food Intake: A Mini Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060547. [PMID: 34200824 PMCID: PMC8230510 DOI: 10.3390/life11060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y family (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide and pancreatic polypeptide family comprising neuropeptide Y (Npy), peptide YYa (Pyya), and peptide YYb (Pyyb), which was previously known as peptide Y (PY), and tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but has not been exhaustively documented in fish. Nonetheless, Npy and Pyy to date have been the key focus of countless research studies categorizing their copious characteristics in the body, which, among other things, include the mechanism of feeding behavior, cortical neural activity, heart activity, and the regulation of emotions in teleost. In this review, we focused on the role of neuropeptide Y gene (Npy) and peptide YY gene (Pyy) in teleost food intake. Feeding is essential in fish to ensure growth and perpetuation, being indispensable in the aquaculture settings where growth is prioritized. Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of these genes in food intake in teleost could help determine their feeding regime, regulation, growth, and development, which will possibly be fundamental in fish culture.
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Assan D, Huang Y, Mustapha UF, Addah MN, Li G, Chen H. Fish Feed Intake, Feeding Behavior, and the Physiological Response of Apelin to Fasting and Refeeding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798903. [PMID: 34975769 PMCID: PMC8715717 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Assan
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Umar Farouk Mustapha
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mercy Nabila Addah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Bioscience, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Guangli Li
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huapu Chen
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huapu Chen,
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12
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Maldonado E, Rangel-Huerta E, Rodriguez-Salazar E, Pereida-Jaramillo E, Martínez-Torres A. Subterranean life: Behavior, metabolic, and some other adaptations of Astyanax cavefish. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:463-473. [PMID: 32346998 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability of fishes to adapt to any aquatic environment seems limitless. It is enthralling how new species keep appearing at the deep sea or in subterranean environments. There are close to 230 known species of cavefishes, still today the best-known cavefish is Astyanax mexicanus, a Characid that has become a model organism, and has been studied and scrutinized since 1936. There are two morphotypes for A. mexicanus, a surface fish and a cavefish. The surface fish lives in central and northeastern Mexico and south of the United States, while the cavefish is endemic to the "Sierra del Abra-Tanchipa region" in northeast Mexico. The extensive genetic and genomic analysis depicts a complex origin for Astyanax cavefish, with multiple cave invasions and persistent gene flow among cave populations. The surface founder population prevails in the same region where the caves are. In this review, we focus on both morphotype's main morphological and physiological differences, but mainly in recent discoveries about behavioral and metabolic adaptations for subterranean life. These traits may not be as obvious as the troglomorphic characteristics, but are key to understand how Astyanax cavefish thrives in this environment of perpetual darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Emma Rangel-Huerta
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Elizabeth Rodriguez-Salazar
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Elizabeth Pereida-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Ataulfo Martínez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Santiago de Querétaro, México
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13
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Schartl M, Kneitz S, Volkoff H, Adolfi M, Schmidt C, Fischer P, Minx P, Tomlinson C, Meyer A, Warren WC. The Piranha Genome Provides Molecular Insight Associated to Its Unique Feeding Behavior. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2099-2106. [PMID: 31282935 PMCID: PMC6681833 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The piranha enjoys notoriety due to its infamous predatory behavior but much is still not understood about its evolutionary origins and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its unusual feeding biology. We sequenced and assembled the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) genome to aid future phenotypic and genetic investigations. The assembled draft genome is similar to other related fishes in repeat composition and gene count. Our evaluation of genes under positive selection suggests candidates for adaptations of piranhas’ feeding behavior in neural functions, behavior, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the fasted brain, we find genes differentially expressed that are involved in lipid metabolism and appetite regulation as well as genes that may control the aggression/boldness behavior of hungry piranhas. Our first analysis of the piranha genome offers new insight and resources for the study of piranha biology and for feeding motivation and starvation in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schartl
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University.,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Mateus Adolfi
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schmidt
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Fischer
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Minx
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Axel Meyer
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri
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14
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Adeghate E, Lotfy M, D'Souza C, Alseiari SM, Alsaadi AA, Qahtan SA. Hypocretin/orexin modulates body weight and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3229. [PMID: 31655012 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt/orexin) unit affects the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Hcrt/orexin ligands and receptors have been localized to different parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and blood, exocrine (pancreas, salivary, lacrimal) as well as endocrine (pancreatic islets, pituitary, adrenal) glands. Several factors including stress, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, glutamate, nicotine, glucose, and hypoglycaemia stimulate the expression of Hcrt/orexin system, but it is inhibited by ageing, bone morphogenetic protein, hypoxia/hypercapnia, melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2, and glucagon. Literature reports show that Hcrt/orexin can significantly increase insulin secretion from normal and diabetic rat pancreata. Hcrt/orexin decreases blood glucose concentration and reduces insulin resistance partly via increased tissue expression of glucose transporter type 4. It reduces obesity by increasing browning of fat cells and energy expenditure. Taken together, Hcrt/orexin modulates obesity and the metabolism of glucose and insulin. The Hcrt/orexin system may thus be a target in the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Lotfy
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Crystal D'Souza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Meqbel Alseiari
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Ali Alsaadi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif Abdo Qahtan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Targeting the orexinergic system: Mainly but not only for sleep-wakefulness therapies. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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16
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Wang P, Wang M, Zhang L, Zhong S, Jiang W, Wang Z, Sun C, Zhang S, Liu Z. Functional characterization of an orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus reveals an ancient origin of orexin/orexin receptor system in chordate. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1655-1669. [PMID: 30945108 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphioxus belongs to the subphylum cephalochordata, an extant representative of the most basal chordates, whose regulation of endocrine system remains ambiguous. Here we clearly demonstrated the existence of a functional orexin neuropeptide in amphioxus, which is able to interact with orexin receptor, activate both PKC and PKA pathways, decrease leptin expression, and stimulate lipogenesis. We also showed the transcription level of amphioxus orexin was affected by fasting or temperature, indicating a role of this gene in the regulation of energy balance. In addition, the expression of the amphioxus orexin was detected at cerebral vesicle, which has been proposed to be a homolog of the vertebrate brain. These data collectively suggest that a functional orexin neuropeptide has already emerged in amphioxus, which provide insights into the evolutionary origin of orexin in chordate and the functional homology between the cerebral vesicle and vertebrate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shenjie Zhong
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wanyue Jiang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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17
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Butt ZD, O'Brien E, Volkoff H. Effects of fasting on the gene expression of appetite regulators in three Characiformes with different feeding habits (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Metynnis argenteus and Exodon paradoxus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 227:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Bertucci JI, Blanco AM, Sundarrajan L, Rajeswari JJ, Velasco C, Unniappan S. Nutrient Regulation of Endocrine Factors Influencing Feeding and Growth in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30873115 PMCID: PMC6403160 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine factors regulate food intake and growth, two interlinked physiological processes critical for the proper development of organisms. Somatic growth is mainly regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) that act on target tissues, including muscle, and bones. Peptidyl hormones produced from the brain and peripheral tissues regulate feeding to meet metabolic demands. The GH-IGF system and hormones regulating appetite are regulated by both internal (indicating the metabolic status of the organism) and external (environmental) signals. Among the external signals, the most notable are diet availability and diet composition. Macronutrients and micronutrients act on several hormone-producing tissues to regulate the synthesis and secretion of appetite-regulating hormones and hormones of the GH-IGF system, eventually modulating growth and food intake. A comprehensive understanding of how nutrients regulate hormones is essential to design diet formulations that better modulate endogenous factors for the benefit of aquaculture to increase yield. This review will discuss the current knowledge on nutritional regulation of hormones modulating growth and food intake in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ayelén Melisa Blanco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxìa Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lakshminarasimhan Sundarrajan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jithine Jayakumar Rajeswari
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxìa Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Suraj Unniappan
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19
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Mandic S, Volkoff H. The effects of fasting and appetite regulators on catecholamine and serotonin synthesis pathways in goldfish ( Carassius auratus ). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 223:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review was to summarize collected data on the role of orexin and orexin neurons in the control of sleep and blood pressure. Recent Findings Although orexins (hypocretins) have been known for only 20 years, an impressive amount of data is now available regarding their physiological role. Hypothalamic orexin neurons are responsible for the control of food intake and energy expenditure, motivation, circadian rhythm of sleep and wake, memory, cognitive functions, and the cardiovascular system. Multiple studies show that orexinergic stimulation results in increased blood pressure and heart rate and that this effect may be efficiently attenuated by orexinergic antagonism. Increased activity of orexinergic neurons is also observed in animal models of hypertension. Summary Pharmacological intervention in the orexinergic system is now one of the therapeutic possibilities in insomnia. Although the role of orexin in the control of blood pressure is well described, we are still lacking clinical evidence that this is a possibility for a new approach in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Sieminski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-235, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Szypenbejl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-235, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eemil Partinen
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Vitalmed Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Zhou C, Lei L, Yuan D, Deng X, Ye H, Luo H, Fang J, Yang M, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhou J, Wang J, Zeng B, Zhu C, Li B, Zheng Z. Structural and functional characterization of peptide YY on feeding in Schizothorax davidi. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:55-61. [PMID: 29855171 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the neuropeptide peptide YY (PYY) plays an important role in feeding in mammals and fish. However, thus far, the feeding regulation function of PYY in Schizothorax davidi has not been well understood. Here, we identified the full-length cDNA sequence of PYY in S. davidi for the first time. S. davidi PYY contains 803 bp nucleotides including a 328 bp 3' untranslated region (UTR), a 181 bp 5' UTR, and a 294 bp open reading frame encoding a peptide of 97 amino acids. S. davidi PYY expression was observed in almost all tissues, with the highest expression detected in the hypothalamus. PYY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly elevated after a meal (P < 0.01), and significantly decreased after fasting (P < 0.01). PYY expression levels were increased sharply following refeeding after 9 days (P < 0.01), suggesting that it might function as a satiety factor in S. davidi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Lei
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengyue Yuan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Deng
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Fang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshe Zhou
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengke Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohai Li
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang S, Wen ZY, Zou YC, Qin CJ, Wang J, Yuan DY, Li R. Molecular cloning, tissue distribution, and effect of fasting and refeeding on the expression of neuropeptide Y in Channa argus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 259:147-153. [PMID: 29174870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino-acid amidated peptide of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) family, which plays an important role in appetite regulation and energy expenditure in mammals. Although several teleost NPY have been identified, its roles remain unclear in fish. We herein reported on the molecular cloning, tissue distribution and the effect of fasting on the expression of NPY in Channa argus, and designated as CaNPY. It consisted of a 300 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a prepro-NPY of 99 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that CaNPY was highly conserved (>60%) with other vertebrate NPY. Phylogenetic analysis highly supported CaNPY was closely related to piscine NPY. In addition, except for muscle and spleen tissues, CaNPY was found to extensively expressed in all other detected tissues, with the highest level in brain. Futhermore, the CaNPY transcript was found to significantly increase after short-term and long-term food deprivation, and dramatically decrease following refeeding. These findings suggested that CaNPY might be involved in food intake regulation and it could be as a potential target locus to improve commercial production of this kind of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zheng-Yong Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China.
| | - Yuan-Chao Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | - Deng-Yue Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Conservation and Utilization of Fishes Resources in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan 641100, China
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23
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Alié A, Devos L, Torres-Paz J, Prunier L, Boulet F, Blin M, Elipot Y, Retaux S. Developmental evolution of the forebrain in cavefish, from natural variations in neuropeptides to behavior. eLife 2018; 7:32808. [PMID: 29405116 PMCID: PMC5800845 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish Astyanax mexicanus comes in two forms: the normal surface-dwelling and the blind depigmented cave-adapted morphs. Comparing the development of their basal forebrain, we found quantitative differences in numbers of cells in specific clusters for six out of nine studied neuropeptidergic cell types. Investigating the origins of these differences, we showed that early Shh and Fgf signaling impact on the development of NPY and Hypocretin clusters, via effect on Lhx7 and Lhx9 transcription factors, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that such neurodevelopmental evolution underlies behavioral evolution, linking a higher number of Hypocretin cells with hyperactivity in cavefish. Early embryonic modifications in signaling/patterning at neural plate stage therefore impact neuronal development and later larval behavior, bridging developmental evolution of a neuronal system and the adaptive behavior it governs. This work uncovers novel variations underlying the evolution and adaptation of cavefish to their extreme environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Alié
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lucie Devos
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lise Prunier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Boulet
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maryline Blin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yannick Elipot
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvie Retaux
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Université Paris Sud, CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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24
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Jaggard JB, Stahl BA, Lloyd E, Prober DA, Duboue ER, Keene AC. Hypocretin underlies the evolution of sleep loss in the Mexican cavefish. eLife 2018; 7:32637. [PMID: 29405117 PMCID: PMC5800846 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The duration of sleep varies dramatically between species, yet little is known about the genetic basis or evolutionary factors driving this variation in behavior. The Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, exists as surface populations that inhabit rivers, and multiple cave populations with convergent evolution on sleep loss. The number of Hypocretin/Orexin (HCRT)-positive hypothalamic neurons is increased significantly in cavefish, and HCRT is upregulated at both the transcript and protein levels. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of HCRT signaling increases sleep in cavefish, suggesting enhanced HCRT signaling underlies the evolution of sleep loss. Ablation of the lateral line or starvation, manipulations that selectively promote sleep in cavefish, inhibit hcrt expression in cavefish while having little effect on surface fish. These findings provide the first evidence of genetic and neuronal changes that contribute to the evolution of sleep loss, and support a conserved role for HCRT in sleep regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Jaggard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Bethany A Stahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Evan Lloyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Erik R Duboue
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States.,Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
| | - Alex C Keene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, United States
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25
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Zhang H, Qin G, Sun J, Zhang B, Lin Q. The evolution and functional characterization of lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) CCKs involved in fasting and thermal stress response. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 255:56-63. [PMID: 29051075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in the regulation of vertebrate appetite and feeding behaviour. In the present study, the full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of two CCK precursors were cloned and analysed in the Syngnathidae fish, the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus). Both CCK1 and CCK2 in the seahorse consist of four exons. The sequence of the octapeptide of seahorse CCK1 (DYMGWMDF) was the same as that of the chicken and human, while the octapeptide of seahorse CCK2 (DYEGWMDF) was unique among vertebrates. According to the phylogenetic analysis, two types of CCKs were produced by teleost-specific genome duplication (TGD). Both CCK1 and CCK2 were highly expressed in the brain, while detectable amounts of CCK1 mRNA in the brood pouch and CCK2 mRNA in the intestine were also found. Both CCK1 and CCK2 mRNA levels significantly increased during the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition. Additionally, fasting induced a significant increase in the CCK1 mRNA expression in the brain of juvenile seahorses but had no effect on CCK2 transcript levels. In addition, the CCK1 and CCK2 mRNA levels in the seahorse brain significantly increased after a high-temperature treatment. Thus, the mRNA expression of CCK had obvious tissue specificities and this preliminary study opens new avenues for further functional studies on the endocrine regulations of CCK in the transition from endogenous to exogenous nutrition, food intake regulation and metabolism in the seahorse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301, PR China
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301, PR China
| | - Jinhui Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Role of orexin type-1 receptors in paragiganto-coerulear modulation of opioid withdrawal and tolerance: A site specific focus. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reid AMA, Wilson PW, Caughey SD, Dixon LM, D'Eath RB, Sandilands V, Boswell T, Dunn IC. Pancreatic PYY but not PPY expression is responsive to short-term nutritional state and the pancreas constitutes the major site of PYY mRNA expression in chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 252:226-235. [PMID: 28694054 PMCID: PMC5576917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PP-fold peptides such as peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PPY) are known to play key roles in vertebrate energy homeostasis. Until recently, no gene sequence was available for avian PYY and therefore a gap in knowledge of regulation of its expression exists in avian species. Here we further evidence the mRNA sequence for chicken PYY and show that the pancreas is the major site of its mRNA expression, with a secondary peak of expression around the distal jejunum, in contrast to mammals where the large intestine is the major site of PYY expression. We also demonstrate that pancreatic PYY expression is responsive to short-term and long-term nutritional state, increasing within hours of feeding, in contrast to intestinal PYY which does not fluctuate to the same extent, and pancreatic PPY which appears to be primarily determined by long-term energy state. Both pancreatic PYY and PPY expression were found to exhibit ontogeny, being evenly distributed throughout the pancreas in young (2wk) chicks but having a decreasing splenic to duodenal gradient by adolescence (12wk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus M A Reid
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D Caughey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Dixon
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Rick B D'Eath
- Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Sandilands
- SRUC Avian Science Research Centre, Auchincruive, KA6 5HW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Boswell
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C Dunn
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Hao J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhu J, Qi J, Tang N, Wang S, Wang H, Chen D, Li Z. The evidence of apelin has the bidirectional effects on feeding regulation in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Peptides 2017; 94:78-85. [PMID: 28529125 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a peptide, mainly produced in the brain, which participates in several physiologic effects. However, knowledge about the mechanism of appetite regulation in teleosts, including the role of apelin is not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of feeding status on the expression of apelin mRNA in the whole brain and the effects of injection of apelin on food intake in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). In this study, we first cloned the apelin cDNA sequence of the Siberian sturgeon. We obtained a 1046-bp cDNA fragment, including a 237-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 78 amino acids. Apelin was widely distributed in 11 tissues related to feeding regulation, with the highest expression in thewhole brain, followed by the spleen and trunk kidney. In addition, we measured the effects of periprandial (preprandial and postprandial) change, fasting and re-feeding on apelin mRNA expression in whole brain. The level of apelin mRNA was significantly decreased 1h after feeding. The results of the fasting experiment showed that the expression of apelin mRNA in the brain was significantly reduced after 1day of fasting but consistently increased throughout the 15-day food deprivation period. When the 15-day fasted fish were re-fed, apelin mRNA expression in the brain was significantly increased as compared to that of the control. These results suggest that apelin may play a bidirectional role in the regulation of food intake in the Siberian sturgeon. In order to further examine the effect of apelin on feeding regulation in Siberian sturgeons, acute and chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection experiments were performed and food intakes were recorded. Results showed that acute i.p. injection of apelin-13 reduced food intake, however, chronic i.p. injection apelin-13 increased the food intake for 7days in Siberian sturgeons. In conclusion, our results show that apelin has a bidirectional effect on feeding regulation in Siberian sturgeons by acting as a satiety factor in short-term feeding regulation and a starvation factor in long-term feeding regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hydrobiology of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jieyao Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu 610000, China.
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Kuz’mina VV. Role of functional blocks in the evolution of exotrophy in vertebrates (as exemplified by fish and mammals). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093017030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Delgado MJ, Cerdá-Reverter JM, Soengas JL. Hypothalamic Integration of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Circadian Signals in Fish: Involvement in the Control of Food Intake. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:354. [PMID: 28694769 PMCID: PMC5483453 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake in fish is a complex process carried out through several different mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) with hypothalamus being the main regulatory center. As in mammals, a complex hypothalamic circuit including two populations of neurons: one co-expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the second one population co-expressing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is involved in the integration of information relating to food intake control. The production and release of these peptides control food intake, and the production results from the integration of information of different nature such as levels of nutrients and hormones as well as circadian signals. The present review summarizes the knowledge and recent findings about the presence and functioning of these mechanisms in fish and their differences vs. the known mammalian model.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cerdá-Reverter
- Departamento de Fisiología de Peces y Biotecnología, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCastellón, Spain
| | - José L. Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de VigoVigo, Spain
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Rønnestad I, Gomes AS, Murashita K, Angotzi R, Jönsson E, Volkoff H. Appetite-Controlling Endocrine Systems in Teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28458653 PMCID: PMC5394176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian studies have shaped our understanding of the endocrine control of appetite and body weight in vertebrates and provided the basic vertebrate model that involves central (brain) and peripheral signaling pathways as well as environmental cues. The hypothalamus has a crucial function in the control of food intake, but other parts of the brain are also involved. The description of a range of key neuropeptides and hormones as well as more details of their specific roles in appetite control continues to be in progress. Endocrine signals are based on hormones that can be divided into two groups: those that induce (orexigenic), and those that inhibit (anorexigenic) appetite and food consumption. Peripheral signals originate in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, adipose tissue, and other tissues and reach the hypothalamus through both endocrine and neuroendocrine actions. While many mammalian-like endocrine appetite-controlling networks and mechanisms have been described for some key model teleosts, mainly zebrafish and goldfish, very little knowledge exists on these systems in fishes as a group. Fishes represent over 30,000 species, and there is a large variability in their ecological niches and habitats as well as life history adaptations, transitions between life stages and feeding behaviors. In the context of food intake and appetite control, common adaptations to extended periods of starvation or periods of abundant food availability are of particular interest. This review summarizes the recent findings on endocrine appetite-controlling systems in fish, highlights their impact on growth and survival, and discusses the perspectives in this research field to shed light on the intriguing adaptations that exist in fish and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana S. Gomes
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Research Center for Aquaculture Systems, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Mie, Japan
| | - Rita Angotzi
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Jönsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
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Pitts PM, Volkoff H. Characterization of appetite-regulating factors in platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus (Cyprinodontiformes Poeciliidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 208:80-88. [PMID: 28377124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of energy in fish, like most vertebrates, is a complex process that involves a number of brain and peripheral hormones. These signals include anorexigenic (e.g. cholecystokinin (CCK) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART)) as well as orexigenic (e.g. orexin and neuropeptide Y (NPY)) peptides. Platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus, are freshwater viviparous fish for which little is known about the endocrine mechanisms regulating feeding. In order to elucidate the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding of platyfish, we examined the effects of peripheral injections of CCK and orexin on feeding behavior and food intake. Injections of CCK decreased both food intake and searching behavior, while injections of orexin increased searching behavior but did not affect food consumption. In order to better characterize these peptides, we examined their mRNA tissue distribution and assessed the effects of a 10-day fast on their brain and intestine expressions in both males and females. CCK, CART, NPY and orexin all show widespread distributions in brain and several peripheral tissues, including intestine and gonads. Fasting induced decreases in both CCK and CART and an increase in orexin mRNA expressions in the brain and a decrease in CCK expression in the intestine, but did not affect either expressions of NPY. There were no significant sex-specific differences in either the behavioral responses to injections or the expression responses to fasting. The widespread distribution and the fasting-induced changes in expression of these peptides suggest that they might have several physiological roles in platyfish, including the regulation of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Pitts
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Butt ZD, Hackett JD, Volkoff H. Irisin in goldfish (Carassius auratus): Effects of irisin injections on feeding behavior and expression of appetite regulators, uncoupling proteins and lipoprotein lipase, and fasting-induced changes in FNDC5 expression. Peptides 2017; 90:27-36. [PMID: 28219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a peptide cleaved from the fibronectin type III domain containing protein 5 (FNDC5) gene that is secreted predominantly by muscle cells but also by other tissues including brain and intestine. In mammals, irisin has been shown to have thermogenic actions via the modulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and to affect feeding and energy homeostasis via actions in brain, adipose tissue, liver, muscle and gastrointestinal tract. To examine the role of irisin on feeding and metabolism in fish, the effects of peripheral (intraperitoneal) injections of irisin on feeding behavior, glucose levels and the mRNA expressions of appetite regulators (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript CART, agouti related protein AgRP, orexin), UCPs and lipoprotein lipase LPL and brain factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor , BDNF and tyrosine hydroxylase TH) were assessed in brain, white muscle and intestine. Irisin injections (100ng/g) induced a decrease in food intake and increases in brain orexin, CART1 and CART2, UCP2, BDNF, muscle UCP2 and intestine LPL mRNA expressions but did not affect blood glucose levels, brain AgRP, TH, UCP1, UCP3 and LPL or muscle UCP1, UCP3 and LPL expressions. A partial goldfish FNDC5 cDNA was isolated and the expressions of FDNC5, UCPs, LPL and BDNF were also compared between fed and fasted fish. Fasting induced decreases FNDC5 mRNA expression in the brain and intestine, but not in muscle. Fasting also induced increases in brain BDNF and LPL expressions and increases in UCP1, UCP2, UCP3 and LPL expressions in muscle. Our result suggest that irisin is an anorexigenic factor in fish and its actions might be in part mediated by appetite-regulating factors such as CART and orexins as well as UCP2 and brain factors such as BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahndra Diann Butt
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jessica Dalton Hackett
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1 B 3X9, Canada.
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Isorna E, de Pedro N, Valenciano AI, Alonso-Gómez ÁL, Delgado MJ. Interplay between the endocrine and circadian systems in fishes. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R141-R159. [PMID: 27999088 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is responsible for the temporal organisation of physiological functions which, in part, involves daily cycles of hormonal activity. In this review, we analyse the interplay between the circadian and endocrine systems in fishes. We first describe the current model of fish circadian system organisation and the basis of the molecular clockwork that enables different tissues to act as internal pacemakers. This system consists of a net of central and peripherally located oscillators and can be synchronised by the light-darkness and feeding-fasting cycles. We then focus on two central neuroendocrine transducers (melatonin and orexin) and three peripheral hormones (leptin, ghrelin and cortisol), which are involved in the synchronisation of the circadian system in mammals and/or energy status signalling. We review the role of each of these as overt rhythms (i.e. outputs of the circadian system) and, for the first time, as key internal temporal messengers that act as inputs for other endogenous oscillators. Based on acute changes in clock gene expression, we describe the currently accepted model of endogenous oscillator entrainment by the light-darkness cycle and propose a new model for non-photic (endocrine) entrainment, highlighting the importance of the bidirectional cross-talking between the endocrine and circadian systems in fishes. The flexibility of the fish circadian system combined with the absence of a master clock makes these vertebrates a very attractive model for studying communication among oscillators to drive functionally coordinated outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Valenciano
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Alonso-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II)Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yan P, Jia J, Yang G, Wang D, Sun C, Li W. Duplication of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and their roles in food intake regulation. Peptides 2017; 88:97-105. [PMID: 27988351 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family peptides have been recognized as key players in food intake regulation. NPY centrally promotes feeding, while peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) mediate satiety. The teleost tetraploidization is well-known to generate duplicates of both NPY and PYY; however, the functional diversification between the duplicate genes, especially in the regulation of food intake, remains unknown. In this study, we identified the two duplicates of NPY and PYY in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Both NPYa and NPYb were primarily expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), but the mRNA levels of NPYb were markedly lower than those of NPYa. Hypothalamic mRNA expression of NPYa, but not NPYb, decreased after feeding and increased after 7-days of fasting. However, both NPYa and NPYb caused a significant increase in food intake after an intracranial injection of 50ng/g body weight dose. PYYb, one of the duplicates of PYY, had an extremely high expression in the foregut and midgut, whereas another form of duplicate PYYa showed only moderate expression in the CNS. Both hypothalamic PYYa and foregut PYYb mRNA expression increased after feeding and decreased after 7-days of fasting. Furthermore, the intracranial injection of PYYb decreased food intake, but PYYa had no significant effect. Our results suggested that although the mature peptides of NPYa and NPYb can both stimulate food intake, NPYa is the main endogenous functional NPY for feeding regulation. A functional division has been identified in the duplicates of PYY, which deems PYYb as a gut-derived anorexigenic peptide and PYYa as a CNS-specific PYY in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jirong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guokun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Collaborative Innovation Center, Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shen Zhen, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Volkoff H. The Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Fish: A Review of Current Knowledge. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:540. [PMID: 27965528 PMCID: PMC5126056 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish are the most diversified group of vertebrates and, although progress has been made in the past years, only relatively few fish species have been examined to date, with regards to the endocrine regulation of feeding in fish. In fish, as in mammals, feeding behavior is ultimately regulated by central effectors within feeding centers of the brain, which receive and process information from endocrine signals from both brain and peripheral tissues. Although basic endocrine mechanisms regulating feeding appear to be conserved among vertebrates, major physiological differences between fish and mammals and the diversity of fish, in particular in regard to feeding habits, digestive tract anatomy and physiology, suggest the existence of fish- and species-specific regulating mechanisms. This review provides an overview of hormones known to regulate food intake in fish, emphasizing on major hormones and the main fish groups studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt. John's, NL, Canada
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Volkoff H, Estevan Sabioni R, Coutinho LL, Cyrino JEP. Appetite regulating factors in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): Tissue distribution and effects of food quantity and quality on gene expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:241-254. [PMID: 27717774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus is an omnivorous fish considered a promising species for aquaculture. Little is known about the endocrine regulation of feeding in this species. In this study, transcripts for orexin, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), cholecystokinin (CCK) and leptin were isolated in pacu. Orexin, CCK and leptin have widespread mRNA distributions in brain and periphery, CART is limited to the brain. To examine the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding and energy status, mRNA expression levels were compared between fed and fasted fish and around feeding time. Both orexin and CART brain expressions were affected by fasting and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting a role in both short- and long-term regulation of feeding. CCK intestinal expression decreased in fasted fish and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting CCK acts as a peripheral satiety factor. Leptin was not affected by fasting but displayed periprandial changes, suggesting a role as a short-term regulator. To examine if these peptides are affected by diet, brain and gut expressions were assessed in fish fed with different diets containing soy protein concentrate. Food intake, weight gain and expressions of orexin, CART, CCK and leptin were little affected by replacement of fish protein with soy protein, suggesting that pacu is able to tolerate and grow well with a diet rich in plant material. Overall, our results suggest that orexin, CART, CCK and leptin are involved in the physiology of feeding of pacu and that their expressions are little affected by plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada.
| | - Rafael Estevan Sabioni
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia Animal, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Volkoff H, Sabioni RE, Cyrino JEP. Appetite regulating factors in dourado, Salminus brasiliensis: cDNA cloning and effects of fasting and feeding on gene expression. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 237:34-42. [PMID: 27468955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dourado, Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) is a freshwater piscivorous Characin native to South American rivers. Owing to the high quality of its flesh and its fast growth, it is the object of both capture fisheries and fish farming. However, very little is known about the endocrine regulation of feeding and metabolism of dourado. In this study, cDNAs for orexin, CART and CCK were isolated in dourado, and their mRNA tissue distributions examined. In order to assess the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding of dourado, the effects of fasting and feeding on mRNA expression levels of orexin, CART and CCK in the brain as well as CCK in the intestine were assessed. Whereas orexin and CCK have widespread mRNA distributions in the brain and peripheral organs, CART seems to be mostly limited to the brain. Orexin brain expression increased with fasting and displayed periprandial changes, suggesting it is involved in both long- and short-term regulation of feeding and appetite. CART and CCK hypothalamic expressions were not affected by fasting, but displayed periprandial changes with post-feeding decreases, suggesting roles in short-term satiation. CCK expression in the anterior intestine was not affected by fasting and did not display periprandial changes. Overall, our results suggest that orexin, CART and CCK are involved in the physiology of feeding of dourado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B3X9, Canada.
| | - Rafael Estevan Sabioni
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Piscicultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Dalmolin C, Almeida DV, Figueiredo MA, Marins LF. Food intake and appetite control in a GH-transgenic zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:1131-1141. [PMID: 25990920 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The biological actions of growth hormone (GH) are pleiotropic, including growth promotion, energy mobilization, gonadal development, appetite, and social behavior. The regulatory network for GH is complex and includes many central and peripheral endocrine factors as well as that from the environment. It is known that GH transgenesis results in increased growth, food intake, and consequent metabolic rates in fishes. However, the manner in which GH transgenesis alters the energetic metabolism in fishes has not been well explored. In order to elucidate these consequences, we examined the effect of GH overexpression on appetite control mechanisms in a transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. To this, we analyzed feeding behavior and the expression of the main appetite-related genes in two different feeding periods (fed and fasting) in non-transgenic (NT) and transgenic (T) zebrafish as well as glycaemic parameters of them. Our initial results have shown that NT males and females present the same feeding behavior and expression of main appetite-controlling genes; therefore, the data of both sexes were properly grouped. Following grouped data analyses, we compared the same parameters in NT and T animals. Feeding behavior results have shown that T animals eat significantly more and faster than NT siblings. Gene expression results pointed out that gastrointestinal (GT) cholecystokinin has a substantial contribution to the communication between peripheral and central control of food intake. Brain genes expression analyses revealed that T animals have a down-regulation of two strong and opposite peptides related to food intake: the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (pomc) and the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (npy). The down-regulation of pomc in T when compared with NT is an expected result, since the decrease in an anorexigenic factor might keep the transgenic fish hungry. The down-regulation of npy seemed to be contradictory at first, but if we consider the GH's capacity to elevate blood glucose, and that NPY is able to respond to humoral factors like glucose, this down-regulation makes sense. In fact, our last experiment showed that transgenics presented elevated blood glucose levels, confirming that npy might responded to this humoral factor. In conclusion, we have shown that GT responds to feeding status without interference of transgenesis, whereas brain responds to GH transgenesis without any effect of treatment. It is clear that transgenic zebrafish eat more and faster, and it seems that it occurs due to pomc down-regulation, since npy might be under regulation of the humoral factor glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Dalmolin
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Volcan Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio Azevedo Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Marins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Varricchio E, Russo F, Coccia E, Turchini GM, Francis DS, Paolucci M. The orexinergic system in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and its regulation by dietary lipids. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:707-14. [PMID: 26096763 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the distribution of orexin A (OXA), orexin B (OXB), and orexin receptor (OX2R) immunoreactive (ir) cells in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract of Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets with different dietary fatty acid compositions. Trout were fed five iso-energetic experimental diets containing fish oil, or one of four different vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, linseed, and palm oils) as the added dietary lipid source for 12 weeks. OXA, OXB, and OX2R immunoreactive neurons and nervous fibers were identified in the lateral and ventro-medial hypothalamus. OXA, OXB, and OX2R ir cells were found in the mucosa and glands of the stomach and in the mucosa of both the pyloric cecae and intestine. OX2R ir cells were localized in the mucosa layer of both the pyloric cecae and intestine. These immunohistochemical (IHC) results were confirmed via Western blotting. Antibodies against preproorexin (PPO) crossreacted with a band of ∼16 kDa in the hypothalamus, stomach, pyloric cecae, and intestine. Antibodies against OX2R crossreacted with a band of ∼38 kDa in the hypothalamus, pyloric cecae, and intestine. The presence and distribution of OXA, OXB, and OX2R ir cells in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract did not appear to be affected by dietary oils. The presence of orexin system immunoreactive cells in the stomach, pyloric cecae, and intestine of rainbow trout, but not in the enteric nervous system, could suggest a possible role of these peptides as signaling of gastric emptying or endocrine modulation, implying a main local action played by orexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Finizia Russo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Elena Coccia
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mario Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy.,Institute of Nutrition (ISA), Avellino, 83100, Italy
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Chen H, Zhang X, Hao J, Chen D, Liu J, Gao Y, Zhu J, Wu H, Lin F, Pu Y, Yuan D, Wei R, Zhou C, Wang T, Li Z. Molecular cloning, expression analysis, and appetite regulatory effect of peptide YY in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Gene 2015; 563:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tian J, He G, Mai K, Liu C. Effects of postprandial starvation on mRNA expression of endocrine-, amino acid and peptide transporter-, and metabolic enzyme-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:773-787. [PMID: 25805459 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to systematically evaluate the molecular activities of endocrine-, amino acid and peptide transporters-, and metabolic enzyme-related genes in 35-day-old mixed-sex zebrafish (Danio rerio) after feeding . Zebrafish with initial body weights ranging from 9 to 11 mg were fasted for 384 h in a controlled indoor environment. Fish were sampled at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 h after fed. Overall, the present study results show that the regulatory mechanism that insulin-like growth factor I negative feedback regulated growth hormone is conserved in zebrafish, as it is in mammals, but that regulation of growth hormone receptors is highly intricate. Leptin and cholecystokinin are time-dependent negative feedback signals, and neuropeptide Y may be an important positive neuropeptide for food intake in zebrafish. The amino acid/carnitine transporters B(0,+) (ATB(0,+)) and broad neutral (0) amino acid transporter 1(B(0)AT1) mRNA levels measured in our study suggest that protein may be utilized during 24-96 h of fasting in zebrafish. Glutamine synthetase mRNA levels were downregulated, and glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, and trypsin mRNA levels were upregulated after longtime fasting in this study. The mRNA expression levels of fatty acid synthetase decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas those of lipoprotein lipase rapidly increased after 96 h of fasting. Fasting activated the expression of glucose synthesis genes when fasting for short periods of time; when fasting is prolonged, the mRNA levels of glucose breakdown enzymes and pentose phosphate shunt genes decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition (Ministry of Agriculture), Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Rd., Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China,
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Volkoff H. Cloning and tissue distribution of appetite-regulating peptides in pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus
). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:987-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL Canada
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Volkoff H. In vitro assessment of interactions between appetite-regulating peptides in brain of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Peptides 2014; 61:61-8. [PMID: 25219945 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Orexins, apelin, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) are important appetite-regulating factors produced by the brain of both mammals and fish. These peptide systems and their target areas are widely distributed within the central nervous system. Although morphological connections between some of these systems have been demonstrated in the brain, little is known about the functional interactions between these systems, in particular in fish. In order to better understand the interactions between appetite-related peptides, the effects of in vitro treatments of hindbrain, forebrain and hypothalamus--a major feeding regulating area--fragments with MCH, apelin and orexin on the expression of MCH, apelin, orexin, CART (forms 1 and 2) and NPY were assessed. Overall, the apelin and orexin systems stimulate each other and stimulate the NPY system while inhibiting the CART system, which is consistent with the known orexigenic actions of these two peptides. The actions of MCH remain unclear: although it appears to interact positively with orexigenic systems--as it stimulates both the orexin and apelin systems and its expression is increased by apelin--it also increases the hypothalamic expression of CART2--but not CART1--an anorexigenic factor, and inhibits the NPY system in all brain regions examined. This study suggests that MCH, apelin, orexin, CART and NPY do influence each other within the brain of goldfish and that these interactions might differ in nature and strength according to the peptide form and the brain region considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9 Canada.
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Shimizu S, Nakamachi T, Konno N, Matsuda K. Orexin A enhances food intake in bullfrog larvae. Peptides 2014; 59:79-82. [PMID: 25064815 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Orexin is a potent orexigenic peptide implicated in appetite regulation in rodents. However, except for teleost fish, the involvement of orexin in the regulation of feeding in non-mammalian vertebrates has not been well studied. Anuran amphibian larvae feed and grow during the pre- and prometamorphic stages. Therefore, orexigenic factors seem to play important roles in growing larvae. Indeed, our recent studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y and ghrelin exert orexigenic actions in bullfrog larvae during the prometamorphic stages. In this study, we examined the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of synthetic orexin A on food intake in bullfrog larvae at the prometamorphic stages. Food intake was significantly increased by ICV administration of orexin A (at 6 pmol/g BW) during a 15-min observation period. The orexigenic action of orexin A at 6 pmol/g BW was blocked by treatment with an orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867, at 60 pmol/g BW. These results indicate that orexin A acts as an orexigenic factor in bullfrog larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shimizu
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamachi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kouhei Matsuda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, 3190-Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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46
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Tuziak SM, Rise ML, Volkoff H. An investigation of appetite-related peptide transcript expression in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) brain following a Camelina sativa meal-supplemented feeding trial. Gene 2014; 550:253-63. [PMID: 25151310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is a hardy oilseed crop with seeds that contain high levels of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and protein, which are critical components of fish feed. Camelina might thus be used as a cheaper and more sustainable supplement to fish-based products in aquaculture. Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, is a species of interest in the aquaculture industry due to a decrease in wild populations and subsequent collapse of some cod fisheries. As cod are carnivorous fish, it is necessary to determine how this species physiologically tolerates plant-based diets. In this study, juvenile Atlantic cod were subjected to 13 weeks of either 15 or 30% camelina meal (CM)-supplemented diets or a control fish meal feed. Growth and food intake were evaluated and the mRNA expression of appetite-related hormones [pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (pmch), hypocretin (synonym: orexin, hcrt), neuropeptide Y (npy) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart)] was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR in brain regions related to food intake regulation (telencephalon/preoptic area, optic tectum/thalamus and hypothalamus). CM inclusion diets caused decreases in both growth and food intake in Atlantic cod. Optic tectum pmch transcript expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 30% CM diet compared to fish fed the 15% CM diet. In the hypothalamus, compared to fish fed the control diet, hcrt expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 30% CM diet, while npy transcript expression was significantly higher in fish fed the 15% CM diet. cart mRNA expression was not affected by diet in any brain region. Further studies are needed to determine which factors (e.g. anti-nutritional factors, palatability and nutritional deficits) contribute to reduced feed intake and growth, as well as the maximum CM inclusion level that does not negatively influence feed intake, growth rate and the transcript expression of appetite-related factors in Atlantic cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Tuziak
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada.
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada
| | - Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B-3X9, Canada
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Volkoff H. Appetite regulating peptides in red-bellied piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri: cloning, tissue distribution and effect of fasting on mRNA expression levels. Peptides 2014; 56:116-24. [PMID: 24721336 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
cDNAs encoding the appetite regulating peptides apelin, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY) and orexin were isolated in red-bellied piranha and their mRNA tissue and brain distributions examined. When compared to other fish, the sequences obtained for all peptides were most similar to that of other Characiforme fish, as well as to Cypriniformes. All peptides were widely expressed within the brain and in several peripheral tissues, including gastrointestinal tract. In order to assess the role of these peptides in the regulation of feeding of red-bellied piranha, we compared the brain mRNA expression levels of these peptides, as well as the gut mRNA expression of CCK and PYY, between fed and 7-day fasted fish. Within the brain, fasting induced a significant increase in both apelin and orexin mRNA expressions and a decrease in CART mRNA expression, but there where were no significant differences for either PYY or CCK brain mRNA expressions between fed and fasted fish. Within the intestine, PYY mRNA expression was lower in fasted fish compared to fed fish but there was no significant difference for CCK intestine mRNA expression between fed and fasted fish. Our results suggest that these peptides, perhaps with the exception of CCK, play a major role in the regulation of feeding of red-bellied piranha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Yuan D, Zhou C, Wang T, Lin F, Chen H, Wu H, Wei R, Xin Z, Liu J, Gao Y, Chen D, Yang S, Wang Y, Pu Y, Li Z. Molecular characterization and tissue expression of peptide YY in Schizothorax prenanti: Effects of periprandial changes and fasting on expression in the hypothalamus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 190-191:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nisembaum LG, de Pedro N, Delgado MJ, Sánchez-Bretaño A, Isorna E. Orexin as an input of circadian system in goldfish: Effects on clock gene expression and locomotor activity rhythms. Peptides 2014; 52:29-37. [PMID: 24284416 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Orexins are neuropeptides mainly known for regulating feeding behavior and sleep-wakefulness cycle in vertebrates. Daily variations of orexin-A expression have been reported in fish, with the highest levels preceding feeding time. However, it is unknown if such variations could be related with daily rhythms of clock genes, which form the molecular core of circadian oscillators. The aim of the present study was to identify the possible role of orexin as an input element of the goldfish circadian system. It was investigated the effects of orexin-A (10ng/gbw) intracerebroventricular injections on the expression of clock genes, NPY and ghrelin, as well as on daily locomotor activity rhythms. Goldfish held under 12L:12D photoperiod and injected at midday with orexin or saline, were sacrificed at 1 and 3h post-injection. The analysis of genes expression by qReal Time PCR showed an increment of Per genes in hypothalamus and foregut at 3h post-injection, but not in hindgut and liver. The gBmal1a expression remained unaltered in all the studied tissues. Orexin induced NPY in the hypothalamus and ghrelin in the foregut. Locomotor activity was studied in fish daily injected with orexin for several consecutive days under different experimental conditions. Orexin synchronized locomotor activity in goldfish maintained in 24L and fasting conditions. Present results support a cross-talking between orexin-A and other feeding regulators at central and peripheral level, and suggest, for the first time, a role of this peptide as an input of the circadian system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Nisembaum
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aída Sánchez-Bretaño
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Fisiología (Fisiología Animal II), Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Chen Y, Pandit NP, Fu J, Li D, Li J. Identification, characterization and feeding response of peptide YYb (PYYb) gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:45-55. [PMID: 23780740 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The peptide YYb (PYYb) is a fish-specific peptide belonging to the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family. In the present study, the full-length cDNA sequence and genomic structure of PYYb (gcPYYb) from Ctenopharyngodon idellus have been isolated and characterized. The gcPYYb gene consists of three exons interspaced by two introns, opposing to the typical architecture of most NPY-family genes as well as its paralogs. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the fish PYYb is more variable compared to NPY and PYY as shown by more residue changes in teleosts lineage, suggesting mild selective pressure imposed on the peptide. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis shows the gcPYYb mRNA in developing larvae is increased during the mixed endo- and exogenous-feeding period and is widely distributed throughout the intestine of fully grown individuals. Following a single meal, the gcPYYb mRNA in foregut is increased at 3 h post-feeding and subsequently decreased before the foregut contents are cleared. These results suggest that the gcPYYb has an important role in the early life stages of grass carp and is involved in food intake by transmitting feeding-related signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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