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Ko E, Kim Y, Shokoohi F, Mersha TB, Kang M. SPIN: sex-specific and pathway-based interpretable neural network for sexual dimorphism analysis. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae239. [PMID: 38807262 PMCID: PMC11133003 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in prevalence, severity and genetic susceptibility exists for most common diseases. However, most genetic and clinical outcome studies are designed in sex-combined framework considering sex as a covariate. Few sex-specific studies have analyzed males and females separately, which failed to identify gene-by-sex interaction. Here, we propose a novel unified biologically interpretable deep learning-based framework (named SPIN) for sexual dimorphism analysis. We demonstrate that SPIN significantly improved the C-index up to 23.6% in TCGA cancer datasets, and it was further validated using asthma datasets. In addition, SPIN identifies sex-specific and -shared risk loci that are often missed in previous sex-combined/-separate analysis. We also show that SPIN is interpretable for explaining how biological pathways contribute to sexual dimorphism and improve risk prediction in an individual level, which can result in the development of precision medicine tailored to a specific individual's characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euiseong Ko
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Information and Statistics and Department of Bio&Medical Bigdata (BK21 Four program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Farhad Shokoohi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mingon Kang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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2
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Ekpruke CD, Alford R, Rousselle D, Babayev M, Sharma S, Commodore S, Buechlein A, Rusch DB, Silveyra P. Transcriptomics analysis of allergen-induced inflammatory gene expression in the Four-Core Genotype mouse model. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:235-245. [PMID: 38047309 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00112.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in allergic inflammation have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. Contributions of both sex hormones and sex-related genes to these mechanisms have been previously suggested in clinical and animal studies. Here, Four-Core Genotypes (FCG) mouse model was used to study the inflammatory response to house dust mite (HDM) challenge and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and regulatory pathways in lung tissue. Briefly, adult mice (8-10 wk old) of the FCG (XXM, XXF, XYM, XYF) were challenged intranasally with 25 μg of HDM or vehicle (PBS-control group) 5 days/wk for 5 wk (n = 3/10 group). At 72 h after the last exposure, we analyzed the eosinophils and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of FCG mice. We extracted lung tissue and determined DEGs using Templated Oligo-Sequencing (TempO-Seq). DEG analysis was performed using the DESeq2 package and gene enrichment analysis was done using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. A total of 2,863 DEGs were identified in the FCG. Results revealed increased eosinophilia and neutrophilia in the HDM-treated group with the most significantly expressed genes in XYF phenotype and a predominant effect of female hormones vs. chromosomes. Regardless of the sex hormones, mice with female chromosomes had more downregulated genes in the HDM group but this was reversed in the control group. Interestingly, genes associated with inflammatory responses were overrepresented in the XXM and XYF genotypes treated with HDM. Sex hormones and chromosomes contribute to inflammatory responses to HDM challenge, with female hormones exerting a predominant effect mediated by inflammatory DEGs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gene expression profiling helps to provide deep insight into the global view of disease-related mechanisms and responses to therapy. Using the Four-Core Genotype mouse model, our findings revealed the influence of sex hormones and sex chromosomes in the gene expression of lungs exposed to an aeroallergen (House Dust Mite) and identified sex-specific pathways to better understand sex disparities associated with allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Damilola Ekpruke
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Rachel Alford
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Dustin Rousselle
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Maksat Babayev
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Sarah Commodore
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Douglas B Rusch
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Stranges TN, Namchuk AB, Splinter TFL, Moore KN, Galea LAM. Are we moving the dial? Canadian health research funding trends for women's health, 2S/LGBTQ + health, sex, or gender considerations. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:40. [PMID: 37322516 PMCID: PMC10273719 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex and gender impacts health outcomes and disease risk throughout life. The health of women and members of the Two-Spirit, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning (2S/LGBTQ +) community is often compromised as they experience delays in diagnosis. Distinct knowledge gaps in the health of these populations have prompted funding agencies to mandate incorporation of sex and gender into research. Sex- and gender-informed research perspectives and methodology increases rigor, promotes discovery, and expands the relevance of health research. Thus, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) implemented a sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) framework recommending the inclusion of SGBA in project proposals in 2010 and then mandating the incorporation of SGBA into grant proposals in 2019. To examine whether this mandate resulted in increased mention of sex or gender in funded research abstracts, we searched the publicly available database of grant abstracts funded by CIHR to analyze the percentage of abstracts that mentioned sex or gender of the population to be studied in the funded research. To better understand broader health equity issues we also examined whether the funded grant abstracts mentioned either female-specific health research or research within the 2S/LGBTQ + community. RESULTS We categorized a total of 8,964 Project and Operating grant abstracts awarded from 2009 to 2020 based on their study of female-specific or a 2S/LGBTQ + populations or their mention of sex or gender. Overall, under 3% of grant abstracts funded by CIHR explicitly mentioned sex and/or gender, as 1.94% of grant abstracts mentioned sex, and 0.66% mentioned gender. As one of the goals of SGBA is to inform on health equity and understudied populations with respect to SGBA, we also found that 5.92% of grant abstracts mentioned female-specific outcomes, and 0.35% of grant abstracts focused on the 2S/LGBTQ + community. CONCLUSIONS Although there was an increased number of funded grants with abstracts that mentioned sex and 2S/LGBTQ + health across time, these increases were less than 2% between 2009 and 2020. The percentage of funded grants with abstracts mentioning female-specific health or gender differences did not change significantly over time. The percentage of funding dollars allocated to grants in which the abstracts mentioned sex or gender also did not change substantially from 2009 to 2020, with grant abstracts mentioning sex or female-specific research increasing by 1.26% and 3.47%, respectively, funding allocated to research mentioning gender decreasing by 0.49% and no change for 2S/LGBTQ +-specific health. Our findings suggest more work needs to be done to ensure the public can evaluate what populations will be examined with the funded research with respect to sex and gender to advance awareness and health equity in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori N. Stranges
- Women’s Health Research Cluster, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - Amanda B. Namchuk
- Women’s Health Research Cluster, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | | | - Katherine N. Moore
- Women’s Health Research Cluster, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Liisa A. M. Galea
- Women’s Health Research Cluster, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Am Galea
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Departments of Medicine, Paediatrics, Epidemiology, and Health Policy and Management Evaluation at Women's College Hospital, Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Khramtsova EA, Wilson MA, Martin J, Winham SJ, He KY, Davis LK, Stranger BE. Quality control and analytic best practices for testing genetic models of sex differences in large populations. Cell 2023; 186:2044-2061. [PMID: 37172561 PMCID: PMC10266536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic sex-based differences exist for many complex traits. In other cases, phenotypes may be similar, but underlying biology may vary. Thus, sex-aware genetic analyses are becoming increasingly important for understanding the mechanisms driving these differences. To this end, we provide a guide outlining the current best practices for testing various models of sex-dependent genetic effects in complex traits and disease conditions, noting that this is an evolving field. Insights from sex-aware analyses will not only teach us about the biology of complex traits but also aid in achieving the goals of precision medicine and health equity for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Khramtsova
- Population Analytics and Insights, Data Science Analytics & Insights, Janssen R&D, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA, USA.
| | - Melissa A Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | - Joanna Martin
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karen Y He
- Population Analytics and Insights, Data Science Analytics & Insights, Janssen R&D, Lower Gwynedd Township, PA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Reddy KD, Oliver BGG. Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 36882807 PMCID: PMC9993607 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases in multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in respiratory diseases. Asthma demonstrates an age-dependent pattern of sexual dimorphism. However, marked differences between males and females exist in other pervasive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are commonly considered the primary factors causing sexual dimorphism in disease. However, how they contribute to differences in disease onset between males and females remains undefined. The sex chromosomes are an under-investigated fundamental form of sexual dimorphism. Recent studies highlight key X and Y-chromosome-linked genes that regulate vital cell processes and can contribute to disease-relevant mechanisms. This review summarises patterns of sex differences in asthma, COPD and lung cancer, highlighting physiological mechanisms causing the observed dimorphism. We also describe the role of the sex hormones and present candidate genes on the sex chromosomes as potential factors contributing to sexual dimorphism in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham Diren Reddy
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia.
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Respiratory and Cellular Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW, 2037, Australia
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Odimba U, Senthilselvan A, Farrell J, Gao Z. Identification of Sex-Specific Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Asthma in Middle-Aged and Older Canadian Adults: An Analysis of CLSA Data. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:553-566. [PMID: 37197194 PMCID: PMC10184860 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s404670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a chronic heterogeneous respiratory disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic variations and environmental exposures. There are sex disparities in the prevalence and severity of asthma in males and females. Asthma prevalence is higher in males during childhood but increases in females in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not well understood; nevertheless, genetic variations, hormonal changes, and environmental influences are thought to play important roles. This study aimed to identify sex-specific genetic variants associated with asthma using CLSA genomic and questionnaire data. Methods First, we conducted a genome-wide SNP-by-sex interaction analysis on 23,323 individuals, examining 416,562 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control, followed by sex-stratified survey logistic regression of SNPs with interaction p-value less than 10¯5. Results Out of the 49 SNPs with interaction p-value less than 10-5, a sex-stratified survey logistic regression showed that five male-specific SNPs (rs6701638, rs17071077, rs254804, rs6013213, and rs2968822) in/near KIF26B, NMBR, PEPD, RTN4, and NFATC2 loci, and three female-specific SNPs (rs2968801, rs2864052, and rs9525931) in/near RTN4, and SERP2 loci were significantly associated with asthma after Bonferroni correction. An SNP (rs36213) in the EPHB1 gene was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma in males [OR=1.35, 95% CI (1.14, 1.60)] but with a reduced risk of asthma in females [OR=0.84, 95% CI (0.76, 0.92)] after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion We discovered novel sex-specific genetic markers in/near the KIF26B, RTN4, EPHB1, NMBR, SERP2, PEPD, and NFATC2 genes that could potentially shed light on the sex differences in asthma susceptibility in males and females. Future mechanistic studies are required to understand better the underlying sex-related pathways of the identified loci in asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochukwu Odimba
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | | | - Jamie Farrell
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Centre (Respirology Department), Memorial University, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Zhiwei Gao
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
- Correspondence: Zhiwei Gao, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada, Tel +17098646523, Email
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8
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Lee S, Prokopenko D, Kelly RS, Lutz S, Ann Lasky-Su J, Cho MH, Laurie C, Celedón JC, Lange C, Weiss ST, Hecker J, DeMeo DL. Zinc finger protein 33B demonstrates sex interaction with atopy-related markers in childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2200479. [PMID: 35953101 PMCID: PMC10124713 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00479-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences related to immune responses can influence atopic manifestations in childhood asthma. While genome-wide association studies have investigated a sex-specific genetic architecture of the immune response, gene-by-sex interactions have not been extensively analysed for atopy-related markers including allergy skin tests, IgE and eosinophils in asthmatic children. METHODS We performed a genome-wide gene-by-sex interaction analysis for atopy-related markers using whole-genome sequencing data based on 889 trios from the Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) and 284 trios from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP). We also tested the findings in UK Biobank participants with self-reported childhood asthma. Furthermore, downstream analyses in GACRS integrated gene expression to disentangle observed associations. RESULTS Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1255383 at 10q11.21 demonstrated a genome-wide significant gene-by-sex interaction (pinteraction=9.08×10-10) for atopy (positive skin test) with opposite direction of effects between females and males. In the UK Biobank participants with a history of childhood asthma, the signal was consistently observed with the same sex-specific effect directions for high eosinophil count (pinteraction=0.0058). Gene expression of ZNF33B (zinc finger protein 33B), located at 10q11.21, was moderately associated with atopy in girls, but not in boys. CONCLUSIONS We report SNPs in/near a zinc finger gene as novel sex-differential loci for atopy-related markers with opposite effect directions in females and males. A potential role for ZNF33B should be studied further as an important driver of sex-divergent features of atopy in childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Lee
- Department of Medical Consilience, Division of Medicine, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin, South Korea
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- NH Institute for Natural Product Research, Myungji Hospital, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Ann Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecelia Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Fawcett KA. Seeing the trees for the wood: reducing heterogeneity in genomic studies of asthma. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:61/1/2201931. [PMID: 36609520 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01931-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Fawcett
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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10
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Shrestha Palikhe N, Mackenzie CA, Licskai C, Kim RB, Vliagoftis H, Cameron L. The CRTh2 polymorphism rs533116 G > A associates with asthma severity in older females. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:970495. [PMID: 36314028 PMCID: PMC9606418 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.970495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CRTh2 is G protein coupled receptor for prostaglandin D2 (PGD)2 expressed by immune cells that drive type 2 inflammation such as CD4+ T cells (Th2), eosinophils and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) as well as structural cells including smooth muscle and epithelium. CRTh2-expressing cells are increased in the blood and airways of asthmatics and severe asthma is characterized by increased activity of the PGD2-CRTh2 pathway. The CRTh2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs533116 G > A is associated with development of asthma and increased Th2 cell differentiation. Objective To examine whether CRTh2 rs533116G > A associates with asthma severity. Since severe asthma is more common in females than males, we performed a sex-stratified analysis. Methods Clinical data from asthmatics (n = 170) were obtained from clinic visits and chart review. Asthma severity was assessed according to ERS/ATS guidelines. Peripheral blood cells were characterized by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan assay. Results Older females (≥45 years) homozygous for minor A allele of rs533116 were more likely to have severe asthma, lower FEV1, a higher prescribed dose of inhaled corticosteroid and more type 2 inflammation than females carrying GA or GG genotypes. Comparing females and males with the AA genotype also revealed that women had more type 2 inflammation. Conclusions and significance The polymorphism CRTh2 rs533116 G > A associates with severe asthma and type 2 inflammation in older females. This study reveals a gene-sex-aging interaction influencing the effect of CRTh2 on asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Constance A. Mackenzie
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada,Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ontario Poison Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Licskai
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard B. Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Lisa Cameron,
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11
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Watts K, Wills C, Madi A, Palles C, Maughan TS, Kaplan R, Al-Tassan NA, Kerr R, Kerr DJ, Houlston RS, Escott-Price V, Cheadle JP. Genetic variation in ST6GAL1 is a determinant of capecitabine and oxaliplatin induced hand-foot syndrome. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:957-966. [PMID: 35467766 PMCID: PMC9545609 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer patients treated with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) often develop hand-foot syndrome (HFS) or palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Genetic variation in ST6GAL1 is a risk factor for type-2 diabetes (T2D), a disease also associated with HFS. We analysed genome-wide association data for 10 toxicities in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from the COIN and COIN-B trials. One thousand and fifty-five patients were treated with XELOX ± cetuximab and 745 with folinic acid, fluorouracil and oxaliplatin ± cetuximab. We also analysed rs6783836 in ST6GAL1 with HFS in CRC patients from QUASAR2. Using UK Biobank data, we sought to confirm an association between ST6GAL1 and T2D (17 384 cases, 317 887 controls) and analysed rs6783836 against markers of diabetes, inflammation and psoriasis. We found that 68% of patients from COIN and COIN-B with grade 2-3 HFS responded to treatment as compared to 58% with grade 0-1 HFS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.2, P = 2.0 × 10-4 ). HFS was also associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.84-0.99, P = 4.6 × 10-2 ). rs6783836 at ST6GAL1 was associated with HFS in patients treated with XELOX (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.1-4.6, P = 4.3 × 10-8 ) and was borderline significant in patients receiving capecitabine from QUASAR2, but with an opposite allele effect (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-1.03, P = .05). ST6GAL1 was associated with T2D (lead SNP rs3887925, OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.92-0.96, P = 1.2 × 10-8 ) and the rs6783836-T allele was associated with lowered HbA1c levels (P = 5.9 × 10-3 ) and lymphocyte count (P = 2.7 × 10-3 ), and psoriasis (P = 7.5 × 10-3 ) beyond thresholds for multiple testing. In conclusion, HFS is a biomarker of treatment outcome and rs6783836 in ST6GAL1 is a potential biomarker for HFS with links to T2D and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Watts
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Christopher Wills
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ayman Madi
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy S Maughan
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Kaplan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Nada A Al-Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachel Kerr
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Kerr
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy P Cheadle
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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12
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Brotto LA, Galea LAM. Gender inclusivity in women's health research. BJOG 2022; 129:1950-1952. [PMID: 35596700 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Brotto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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13
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Sex Plays a Multifaceted Role in Asthma Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050650. [PMID: 35625578 PMCID: PMC9138801 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex is considered an important risk factor for asthma onset and exacerbation. The prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls during childhood, which shows a reverse trend after puberty—it becomes higher in adult females than in adult males. In addition, asthma severity, characterized by the rate of hospitalization and relapse after discharge from the emergency department, is higher in female patients. Basic research indicates that female sex hormones enhance type 2 adaptive immune responses, and male sex hormones negatively regulate type 2 innate immune responses. However, whether hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increases the risk of current asthma and asthma onset remains controversial in clinical settings. Recently, sex has also been shown to influence the pathophysiology of asthma in its relationship with genetic or other environmental factors, which modulate asthmatic immune responses in the airway mucosa. In this narrative review, we highlight the role of sex in the continuity of the asthmatic immune response from sensing allergens to Th2 cell activation based on our own data. In addition, we elucidate the interactive role of sex with genetic or environmental factors in asthma exacerbation in women.
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14
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An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2137. [PMID: 35440664 PMCID: PMC9018784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately in research. In order to address this, it is necessary to consider how sex is incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) and into the analyses (e.g. using sex as a covariate) in the published literature. We surveyed papers published in 2009 and 2019 across six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry. In this sample, we find a 30% increase in the percentage of papers reporting studies that included both sexes in 2019 compared with 2009. Despite this increase, in 2019 only 19% of papers in the sample reported using an optimal design for discovery of possible sex differences, and only 5% of the papers reported studies that analysed sex as a discovery variable. We conclude that progress to date has not been sufficient to address the importance of sex differences in research for discovery and therapeutic potential for neurological and psychiatric disease. Sex differences occur in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, and yet research is not always designed optimally to identify these. Here the authors perform a study of how sex was incorporated into the design and analyses of papers published six journals in neuroscience and psychiatry in 2009 compared with 2019.
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15
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Brown AP, Cai L, Laufer BI, Miller LA, LaSalle JM, Ji H. Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106993. [PMID: 34991254 PMCID: PMC8852822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire smoke is responsible for around 20% of all particulate emissions in the U.S. and affects millions of people worldwide. Children are especially vulnerable, as ambient air pollution exposure during early childhood is associated with reduced lung function. Most studies, however, have focused on the short-term impacts of wildfire smoke exposures. We aimed to identify long-term baseline epigenetic changes associated with early-life exposure to wildfire smoke. We collected nasal epithelium samples for whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) from two groups of adult female rhesus macaques: one group born just before the 2008 California wildfire season and exposed to wildfire smoke during early-life (n = 8), and the other group born in 2009 with no wildfire smoke exposure during early-life (n = 14). RNA-sequencing was also performed on a subset of these samples. RESULTS We identified 3370 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (difference in methylation ≥ 5%, empirical p < 0.05) and 1 differentially expressed gene (FLOT2) (FDR < 0.05, fold of change ≥ 1.2). The DMRs were annotated to genes significantly enriched for synaptogenesis signaling, protein kinase A signaling, and a variety of immune processes, and some DMRs significantly correlated with gene expression differences. DMRs were also significantly enriched within regions of bivalent chromatin (top odds ratio = 1.46, q-value < 3 × 10-6) that often silence key developmental genes while keeping them poised for activation in pluripotent cells. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that early-life exposure to wildfire smoke leads to long-term changes in the methylome over genes impacting the nervous and immune systems. Follow-up studies will be required to test whether these changes influence transcription following an immune/respiratory challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Brown
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lucy Cai
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Benjamin I Laufer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Espuela-Ortiz A, Herrera-Luis E, Lorenzo-Díaz F, Hu D, Eng C, Villar J, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Burchard EG, Pino-Yanes M. Role of Sex on the Genetic Susceptibility to Childhood Asthma in Latinos and African Americans. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1140. [PMID: 34834492 PMCID: PMC8625344 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a respiratory disease whose prevalence changes throughout the lifespan and differs by sex, being more prevalent in males during childhood and in females after puberty. In this study, we assessed the influence of sex on the genetic susceptibility to childhood asthma in admixed populations. Sex-interaction and sex-stratified genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in 4291 Latinos and 1730 African Americans separately, and results were meta-analyzed. Genome-wide (p ≤ 9.35 × 10-8) and suggestive (p ≤ 1.87 × 10-6) population-specific significance thresholds were calculated based on 1000 Genomes Project data. Additionally, protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) information was gathered for the suggestively associated variants, and enrichment analyses of the proteins identified were carried out. Four independent loci showed interaction with sex at a suggestive level. The stratified GWAS highlighted the 17q12-21 asthma locus as a contributor to asthma susceptibility in both sexes but reached genome-wide significance only in females (p-females < 9.2 × 10-8; p-males < 1.25 × 10-2). Conversely, genetic variants upstream of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor corepressor-like gene (LCORL), previously involved in height determination and spermatogenesis, were associated with asthma only in males (minimum p = 5.31 × 10-8 for rs4593128). Enrichment analyses revealed an overrepresentation of processes related to the immune system and highlighted differences between sexes. In conclusion, we identified sex-specific polymorphisms that could contribute to the differences in the prevalence of childhood asthma between males and females.
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Grants
- SAF2017-83417R European Regional Development Fund from the European Union
- P60MD006902, R01MD010443, and R56MD013312 NIMHD NIH HHS
- SAF2017-83417R State Research Agency
- M-ULL MICIU/ULL
- Amos Medical Faculty Development Program Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- R01ES015794 NIEHS NIH HHS
- R21ES24844 NIEHS NIH HHS
- R01HL128439, R01HL135156, R01HL141992, and R01HL141845 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
- RL5 GM118984 NIGMS NIH HHS
- RYC-2015-17205 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- American Asthma Foundation
- R01HL117004 and X01HL134589 National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
- SAF2017-83417R Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- Distinguished Professorship in Pharmaceutical Sciences II Harry Wm. and Diana V. Hind
- U01HG009080 NHGRI NIH HHS
- 24RT-0025 and 27IR-0030 Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
- PRE2018-083837 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities
- UL1 TR001872 NCATS NIH HHS
- RL5GM118984 NIGMS NIH HHS
- Sandler Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Espuela-Ortiz
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-O.); (E.H.-L.); (F.L.-D.)
| | - Esther Herrera-Luis
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-O.); (E.H.-L.); (F.L.-D.)
| | - Fabián Lorenzo-Díaz
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-O.); (E.H.-L.); (F.L.-D.)
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.H.); (C.E.); (E.G.B.)
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.H.); (C.E.); (E.G.B.)
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network (MODERN), Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (D.H.); (C.E.); (E.G.B.)
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - María Pino-Yanes
- Genomics and Health Group, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain; (A.E.-O.); (E.H.-L.); (F.L.-D.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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17
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Fernandez Lahore G, Förster M, Johannesson M, Sabatier P, Lönnblom E, Aoun M, He Y, Nandakumar KS, Zubarev RA, Holmdahl R. Polymorphic estrogen receptor binding site causes Cd2-dependent sex bias in the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5565. [PMID: 34552089 PMCID: PMC8458462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex autoimmune diseases are sexually dimorphic. An interplay between predisposing genetics and sex-related factors probably controls the sex discrepancy in the immune response, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we positionally identify a polymorphic estrogen receptor binding site that regulates Cd2 expression, leading to female-specific differences in T cell-dependent mouse models of autoimmunity. Female mice with reduced Cd2 expression have impaired autoreactive T cell responses. T cells lacking Cd2 costimulation upregulate inhibitory Lag-3. These findings help explain sexual dimorphism in human autoimmunity, as we find that CD2 polymorphisms are associated with rheumatoid arthritis and 17-β-estradiol-regulation of CD2 is conserved in human T cells. Hormonal regulation of CD2 might have implications for CD2-targeted therapy, as anti-Cd2 treatment more potently affects T cells in female mice. These results demonstrate the relevance of sex-genotype interactions, providing strong evidence for CD2 as a sex-sensitive predisposing factor in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Förster
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Martina Johannesson
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yibo He
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- SMU-KI United Medical Inflammation Centre, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division Medical Inflammation Research, Dept. Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), 710004, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Dutcher JP. Gender effects in cancer treatment and outcome. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:229-230. [PMID: 34145565 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Ballardini N, Bergström A, Kull I, Almqvist C, Andersson N, Asarnoj A, Borres MP, Georgellis A, Pershagen G, Westman M, van Hage M, Melén E. Resolved allergen-specific IgE sensitization among females and early poly-sensitization among males impact IgE sensitization up to age 24 years. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:849-852. [PMID: 33548093 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ballardini
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonis Georgellis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marit Westman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Martin LJ, Murrison LB, Butsch Kovacic M. Building a Population Representative Pediatric Biobank: Lessons Learned From the Greater Cincinnati Childhood Cohort. Front Public Health 2021; 8:535116. [PMID: 33520904 PMCID: PMC7841396 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.535116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biobanks can accelerate research by providing researchers with samples and data. However, hospital-based recruitment as a source for controls may create bias as who comes to the hospital may be different from the broader population. Methods: In an effort to broadly improve the quality of research studies and reduce costs and challenges associated with recruitment and sample collection, a group of diverse researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center led an institution-supported initiative to create a population representative pediatric "Greater Cincinnati Childhood Cohort (GCC)." Participants completed a detailed survey, underwent a brief physician-led physical exam, and provided blood, urine, and hair samples. DNA underwent high-throughput genotyping. Results: In total, 1,020 children ages 3-18 years living in the 7 county Greater Cincinnati Metropolitan region were recruited. Racial composition of the cohort was 84% non-Hispanic white, 15% non-Hispanic black, and 2% other race or Hispanic. Participants exhibited marked demographic and disease burden differences by race. Overall, the cohort was broadly used resulting in publications, grants and patents; yet, it did not meet the needs of all potential researchers. Conclusions: Learning from both the strengths and weaknesses, we propose leveraging a community-based participatory research framework for future broad use biobanking efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Liza Bronner Murrison
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition, Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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21
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Bartell E, Fujimoto M, Khoury JC, Khoury PR, Vedantam S, Astley CM, Hirschhorn JN, Dauber A. Protein QTL analysis of IGF-I and its binding proteins provides insights into growth biology. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2625-2636. [PMID: 32484228 PMCID: PMC7471503 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is integral to human growth. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified variants associated with height and located near the genes in this pathway. However, mechanisms underlying these genetic associations are not understood. To investigate the regulation of the genes in this pathway and mechanisms by which regulation could affect growth, we performed GWAS of measured serum protein levels of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A2), IGF-II and IGFBP-5 in 838 children (3-18 years) from the Cincinnati Genomic Control Cohort. We identified variants associated with protein levels near IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 genes, which contain multiple signals of association with height and other skeletal growth phenotypes. Surprisingly, variants that associate with protein levels at these two loci do not colocalize with height associations, confirmed through conditional analysis. Rather, the IGFBP3 signal (associated with total IGFBP-3 and IGF-II levels) colocalizes with an association with sitting height ratio (SHR); the IGFBP5 signal (associated with IGFBP-5 levels) colocalizes with birth weight. Indeed, height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms near genes encoding other proteins in this pathway are not associated with serum levels, possibly excluding PAPP-A2. Mendelian randomization supports a stronger causal relationship of measured serum levels with SHR (for IGFBP-3) and birth weight (for IGFBP-5) than with height. In conclusion, we begin to characterize the genetic regulation of serum levels of IGF-related proteins in childhood. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest the existence of growth-regulating mechanisms acting through IGF-related genes in ways that are not reflected in measured serum levels of the corresponding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bartell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Masanobu Fujimoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Jane C Khoury
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Philip R Khoury
- Heart Institute Research Core, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina M Astley
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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22
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Melén E, Bergström A, Kull I, Almqvist C, Andersson N, Asarnoj A, Borres MP, Georgellis A, Pershagen G, Westman M, van Hage M, Ballardini N. Male sex is strongly associated with IgE-sensitization to airborne but not food allergens: results up to age 24 years from the BAMSE birth cohort. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:15. [PMID: 32489587 PMCID: PMC7247167 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to half of the population in high-income countries has allergen-specific IgE antibodies. However, data regarding sex differences of IgE-sensitization from childhood to adulthood is limited. Objective To explore IgE-sensitization to common foods and airborne allergens in relation to sex over time in a population-based cohort followed up to young adulthood. Methods The Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE includes 4089 subjects who have been followed regularly with questionnaires and clinical investigations. A recent 24-year follow-up included 3069 participants (75%). Sera collected at 4, 8, 16 and 24 years were analyzed for IgE-antibodies to 14 common foods and airborne allergens. Results At 24 years sensitization to foods had decreased compared to previous follow-ups affecting 8.4%, while sensitization to airborne allergens was more common, affecting 42.2%. Male sex was associated with IgE-sensitization to airborne allergens at all ages (overall OR: 1.68, 95% CI 1.46–1.94) while there was no statistically significant association between sex and sensitization to food allergens (overall OR: 1.10, 95% CI 0.93–1.32). Levels of allergen-specific IgE did not differ significantly between males and females for any of the tested foods or airborne allergens at any age, following adjustment for multiple comparisons. Conclusion IgE-sensitization to airborne allergens increases with age up to young adulthood, whereas sensitization to food allergens seems to level off. Male sex is strongly associated with IgE-sensitization to airborne allergens from early childhood up to young adulthood. In contrast, there is little evidence for associations between sex and IgE-sensitization to foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonis Georgellis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, 113 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marit Westman
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Ballardini
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Leskanicova A, Chovancova O, Babincak M, Verboova L, Benetinova Z, Macekova D, Kostolny J, Smajda B, Kiskova T. Sexual Dimorphism in Energy Metabolism of Wistar Rats Using Data Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102353. [PMID: 32443550 PMCID: PMC7287681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of some chronic diseases, such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders, differs between sexes. Animal models provide an important tool to adopt potential therapies from preclinical studies to humans. Laboratory rats are the most popular animals in toxicology, neurobehavioral, or cancer research. Our study aimed to reveal the basic differences in blood metabolome (amino acids, biogenic amines, and acylcarnitines) of the adult male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) Wistar rats. Partial least square-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and a variance im portance in projection (VIP) score was used to identify the key sex-specific metabolites. All groups of metabolites, as the main markers of energy metabolism, showed a significant sex-dependent pattern. The most important features calculated in PLS-DA according to VIP score were free carnitine (C0), tyrosine (Tyr), and acylcarnitine C5-OH. While aromatic amino acids, such as Tyr and phenylalanine (Phe), were significantly elevated in the blood plasma of males, tryptophan (Trp) was found in higher levels in the blood plasma of females. Besides, significant sex-related changes in urea cycle were found. Our study provides an important insight into sex-specific differences in energy metabolism in rats and indicates that further studies should consider sex as the main aspect in design and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leskanicova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Olga Chovancova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Marian Babincak
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Verboova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zuzana Benetinova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (L.V.); (Z.B.)
| | - Denisa Macekova
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Jozef Kostolny
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management Sciences and Informatics, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia; (O.C.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Benadik Smajda
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
| | - Terezia Kiskova
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (T.K.); Tel.: +421-55-234-1216 (T.K.); Fax: +421-55-622-2124 (T.K.)
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24
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Han Y, Jia Q, Jahani PS, Hurrell BP, Pan C, Huang P, Gukasyan J, Woodward NC, Eskin E, Gilliland FD, Akbari O, Hartiala JA, Allayee H. Genome-wide analysis highlights contribution of immune system pathways to the genetic architecture of asthma. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1776. [PMID: 32296059 PMCID: PMC7160128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic and genetically complex respiratory disease that affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis for asthma using data from the UK Biobank and the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium. We identify 66 previously unknown asthma loci and demonstrate that the susceptibility alleles in these regions are, either individually or as a function of cumulative genetic burden, associated with risk to a greater extent in men than women. Bioinformatics analyses prioritize candidate causal genes at 52 loci, including CD52, and demonstrate that asthma-associated variants are enriched in regions of open chromatin in immune cells. Lastly, we show that a murine anti-CD52 antibody mimics the immune cell-depleting effects of a clinically used human anti-CD52 antibody and reduces allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice. These results further elucidate the genetic architecture of asthma and provide important insight into the immunological and sex-specific relevance of asthma-associated risk variants. Asthma is a common disease of the airways for which numerous genetic loci have been identified. Here, Han et al. carry out a genome-wide analysis for asthma to identify additional loci, report sex-stratified and genetic risk score analyses, and functionally follow-up one locus using a murine model of airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Qiong Jia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Pedram Shafiei Jahani
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Benjamin P Hurrell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pin Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Janet Gukasyan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicholas C Woodward
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computer Science and Inter-Departmental Program in Bioinformatics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jaana A Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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25
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Fujimoto M, Khoury JC, Khoury PR, Kalra B, Kumar A, Sluss P, Oxvig C, Hwa V, Dauber A. Anthropometric and biochemical correlates of PAPP-A2, free IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 in childhood. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 182:363-374. [PMID: 31961798 PMCID: PMC7238294 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) is a metalloproteinase that cleaves IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5. Human mutations in PAPPA2 result in short stature with a low percentage of free IGF-I. Little is known about PAPP-A2 levels and the regulation of free IGF-I throughout childhood. We examined PAPP-A2 and intact IGFBP-3 levels in childhood and explored associations between PAPP-A2, free and total IGF-I, and total and intact IGFBP-3 and their relationship to the percentage of free to total IGF-I and anthropometric factors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study at a single center. METHODS PAPP-A2, free IGF-I, and intact IGFBP-3 levels were measured in childhood (3-18 years old) and an evaluation of the relationship between these proteins and anthropometric factors. RESULTS In 838 children, PAPP-A2 consistently decreased throughout childhood. In contrast, free IGF-I increased. A pubertal peak in free IGF-I was present in females but was less evident in males. Intact and total IGFBP-3 increased throughout childhood; however, intact IGFBP-3 had a more marked rise than total IGFBP-3. Percent free IGF-I decreased with no distinct pubertal peak. PAPP-A2 levels positively correlated with the percent free IGF-I (Male, Female; r = 0.18, 0.38; P < 0.001) and negatively with intact IGFBP-3 (Male, Female; r = -0.58, -0.65; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to describe serum PAPP-A2 and intact IGFBP-3 in children between 3 and 18 years of age. Our correlative findings suggest that PAPP-A2 is an important regulator of the percent free IGF-I which can be a marker of perturbations in the GH/IGF-I axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Fujimoto
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Jane C Khoury
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip R Khoury
- Heart Institute Research Core, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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26
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Yang W, Warrington NM, Taylor SJ, Whitmire P, Carrasco E, Singleton KW, Wu N, Lathia JD, Berens ME, Kim AH, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Swanson KR, Luo J, Rubin JB. Sex differences in GBM revealed by analysis of patient imaging, transcriptome, and survival data. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/473/eaao5253. [PMID: 30602536 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the incidence and outcome of human disease are broadly recognized but, in most cases, not sufficiently understood to enable sex-specific approaches to treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common malignant brain tumor, provides a case in point. Despite well-established differences in incidence and emerging indications of differences in outcome, there are few insights that distinguish male and female GBM at the molecular level or allow specific targeting of these biological differences. Here, using a quantitative imaging-based measure of response, we found that standard therapy is more effective in female compared with male patients with GBM. We then applied a computational algorithm to linked GBM transcriptome and outcome data and identified sex-specific molecular subtypes of GBM in which cell cycle and integrin signaling are the critical determinants of survival for male and female patients, respectively. The clinical relevance of cell cycle and integrin signaling pathway signatures was further established through correlations between gene expression and in vitro chemotherapy sensitivity in a panel of male and female patient-derived GBM cell lines. Together, these results suggest that greater precision in GBM molecular subtyping can be achieved through sex-specific analyses and that improved outcomes for all patients might be accomplished by tailoring treatment to sex differences in molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sara J Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paula Whitmire
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Eduardo Carrasco
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Kyle W Singleton
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Ningying Wu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, 44195, USA
| | | | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.,School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Siteman Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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27
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Sánchez-Ovando S, Baines KJ, Barker D, Wark PA, Simpson JL. Six gene and TH2 signature expression in endobronchial biopsies of participants with asthma. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:40-49. [PMID: 31903716 PMCID: PMC7016845 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the six gene signature (6GS: CPA3, DNASE1L3, CLC, IL1B, ALPL, and CXCR2) and T-helper 2 signature (TH2S: CLCA1, SERPINB2, and POSTN) are proposed as biomarkers in the identification of inflammatory phenotypes of asthma in induced sputum and epithelial brushings, respectively. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of gene expression of known signatures, 6GS and TH2S in endobronchial biopsies. METHODS This was an exploratory cross-sectional study of gene expression in endobronchial biopsies of 55 adults with asthma and 9 healthy controls (HC). The expression of the 6GS and TH2S was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlations with clinical and cellular characteristics were performed, and receiver operating characteristic was utilized to assess signatures' ability to predict asthma from HC and inflammatory phenotypes. RESULTS Gene expression of DNASE1L3 (P = .045) was upregulated in asthma compared with HC, and IL1B (P = .017) was upregulated in neutrophilic asthma compared with non-neutrophilic asthma. In asthma, the expression of CPA3 was negatively associated with ICS daily dose (r = -.339; P = .011), IL1B expression was positively associated with bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) total cell count (r = .340; P = .013) and both CLC and POSTN expression were associated with lymphocytes percentage in BLF (r = -.355, P = .009; r = -.300, P = .025, respectively). Both 6GS (area under curve [AUC] = 86.3%; P = .017) and TH2S (AUC = 72.7%; P = .037) could significantly predict asthma from HC. In addition, 6GS can identify neutrophilic (AUC = 93.2%; P = .005) and TH2S identifies eosinophilic (AUC = 62.7%; P = .033) asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE There was increased expression of DNASE1L3 in asthma and IL1B in neutrophilic asthma. These results show similar upregulated patterns of expression in two genes of the 6GS in endobronchial biopsies, previously identified in sputum. The upregulation of DNASE1L3 and IL1B suggests that common mechanisms may be at play throughout the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Sánchez-Ovando
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Barker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A Wark
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jodie L Simpson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Galea LAM, Choleris E, Albert AYK, McCarthy MM, Sohrabji F. The promises and pitfalls of sex difference research. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 56:100817. [PMID: 31837339 PMCID: PMC7050281 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Funding agencies in North America and Europe are recognizing the importance of the integration of sex differences into basic and clinical research. Although these mandates are in place to improve our knowledge of health for both men and women, there have been a number of implementation issues that require vigilance on the part of funders and the research community. Here we discuss issues on simple inclusion of both sexes in studies to specialisation of sex differences with attention paid to statistics and the need for sex-specific treatments. We suggest differing mandates need to be considered regarding simple integration versus the need for studies in the specialisation of sex differences and/or the need for research that recognises the importance of male-specific or female-specific factors that influence subsequent health such as menstruation, menopause or pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arianne Y K Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- James and Carolyn Frenkil Dean's Professor and Chair, Dept of Pharmacology, Univ of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M HSC College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
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29
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Gautam Y, Afanador Y, Abebe T, López JE, Mersha TB. Genome-wide analysis revealed sex-specific gene expression in asthmatics. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2600-2614. [PMID: 31095684 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Global gene-expression analysis has shown remarkable difference between males and females in response to exposure to many diseases. Nevertheless, gene expression studies in asthmatics have so far focused on sex-combined analysis, ignoring inherent variabilities between the sexes, which potentially drive disparities in asthma prevalence. The objectives of this study were to identify (1) sex-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs), (2) genes that show sex-interaction effects and (3) sex-specific pathways and networks enriched in asthma risk. We analyzed 711 males and 689 females and more than 2.8 million transcripts covering 20 000 genes leveraged from five different tissues and cell types (i.e. epithelial, blood, induced sputum, T cells and lymphoblastoids). Using tissue-specific meta-analysis, we identified 439 male- and 297 female-specific DEGs in all cell types, with 32 genes in common. By linking DEGs to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog and the lung and blood eQTL annotation data from GTEx, we identified four male-specific genes (FBXL7, ITPR3 and RAD51B from epithelial tissue and ALOX15 from blood) and one female-specific gene (HLA-DQA1 from epithelial tissue) that are disregulated during asthma. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway was enriched only in males, and IL-17 and chemokine signaling pathways were enriched in females. The cytokine-cytokine signaling pathway was enriched in both sexes. The presence of sex-specific genes and pathways demonstrates that sex-combined analysis does not identify genes preferentially expressed in each sex in response to diseases. Linking DEG and molecular eQTLs to GWAS catalog represents an important avenue for identifying biologically and clinically relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu Gautam
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yashira Afanador
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tilahun Abebe
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
| | - Javier E López
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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30
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Schurz H, Kinnear CJ, Gignoux C, Wojcik G, van Helden PD, Tromp G, Henn B, Hoal EG, Möller M. A Sex-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study of Tuberculosis Using a Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array. Front Genet 2019; 9:678. [PMID: 30713548 PMCID: PMC6346682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a complex disease with a known human genetic component. Males seem to be more affected than females and in most countries the TB notification rate is twice as high in males than in females. While socio-economic status, behavior and sex hormones influence the male bias they do not fully account for it. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome, while diploid females are subject to X chromosome inactivation. In addition, the X chromosome codes for many immune-related genes, supporting the hypothesis that X-linked genes could contribute to TB susceptibility in a sex-biased manner. We report the first TB susceptibility genome-wide association study (GWAS) with a specific focus on sex-stratified autosomal analysis and the X chromosome. A total of 810 individuals (410 cases and 405 controls) from an admixed South African population were genotyped using the Illumina Multi Ethnic Genotyping Array, specifically designed as a suitable platform for diverse and admixed populations. Association testing was done on the autosome (8,27,386 variants) and X chromosome (20,939 variants) in a sex stratified and combined manner. SNP association testing was not statistically significant using a stringent cut-off for significance but revealed likely candidate genes that warrant further investigation. A genome wide interaction analysis detected 16 significant interactions. Finally, the results highlight the importance of sex-stratified analysis as strong sex-specific effects were identified on both the autosome and X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schurz
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chris Gignoux
- Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Genevieve Wojcik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerard Tromp
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Bioinformatics Initiative, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brenna Henn
- Department of Anthropology, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Brusselle GG, Lahousse L. Sex-Specific Genetic Risk Factors for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 56:281-282. [PMID: 28248137 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0399ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy G Brusselle
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.,2 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands and.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lies Lahousse
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium.,2 Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands and
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Chen G, Chiang WL, Shu BC, Guo YL, Chiou ST, Chiang TL. Associations of caesarean delivery and the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders, asthma or obesity in childhood based on Taiwan birth cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017086. [PMID: 28963295 PMCID: PMC5623585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether birth by caesarean section (CS) increases the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders, asthma or obesity in childhood is controversial. We tried to demonstrate the association between children born by CS and the occurrence of the above three diseases at the age of 5.5 years. METHODS The database of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study which was designed to assess the developmental trajectories of 24 200 children born in 2005 was used in this study. Associations between children born by CS and these three diseases were evaluated before and after controlling for gestational age (GA) at birth, children's characteristics and disease-related predisposing factors. RESULTS Children born by CS had significant increases in neurodevelopmental disorders (20%), asthma (14%) and obesity (18%) compared with children born by vaginal delivery. The association between neurodevelopmental disorders and CS was attenuated after controlling for GA at birth (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.34). Occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders steadily declined with increasing GA up to ≤40-42 weeks. CS and childhood asthma were not significantly associated after controlling for parental history of asthma and GA at birth. Obesity in childhood remained significantly associated with CS (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24) after controlling for GA and disease-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results implied that the association between CS birth and children's neurodevelopmental disorders was significantly influenced by GA. CS birth was weakly associated with childhood asthma since parental asthma and preterm births are stronger predisposing factors. The association between CS birth and childhood obesity was robust after controlling for disease-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginden Chen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bih-Ching Shu
- Department of Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-liang Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim SK, Seok H, Park HJ, Han K, Kang SW, Ban JY, Jung HJ, Kim KI, Lee BJ, Kim J, Chung JH. Association Between Secretoglobin Family 3A Member 2 (SCGB3A2) Gene Polymorphisms and Asthma in a Korean Population. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1880-1885. [PMID: 28422086 PMCID: PMC5405786 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secretoglobin family 3A member 2 (SCGB3A2) plays an important role in secreting lung surfactant protein, which is a downstream target of thyroid transcription factor. Material/Methods We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SCGB3A2 gene contribute to susceptibility to asthma. To explore this possible association, 2 promoter SNPs (rs6882292, 659 G/A and rs1368408, −112 G/A) and missense SNP (rs151333009, stop codon) were tested in SCGB3A2 gene in 101 asthma patients and 377 healthy control subjects. SNPStats was used to obtain odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P value adjusted for age and sex as covariables. Logistic regression method in each model (dominant, recessive, and log-additive) was applied to analyze genetic data. Results rs151333009 SNP showed a monomorphic genotype. Two promoter SNPs (rs6882292, −659 G/A and rs1368408, −112 G/A) showed significant association with asthma (rs6882292, OR=2.66, 95% CI=1.42–5.01, p=0.0033 in dominant model, OR=2.45, 95% CI=1.33–4.54, p=0.0055 in log-additive model; rs1368408, OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.02–2.49, p=0.041 in dominant model, OR=3.02, 95% CI=1.15–7.90, p=0.03 in recessive model, OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.63, 95% CI=1.12–2.37, p=0.012 in log-additive model). Conclusions These results suggest that the promoter SNPs (rs6882292 and rs1368408) of SCGB3A2 gene may contribute to susceptibility to asthma in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hosik Seok
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyuup Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Ban
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jung
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory System, Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Korean Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Genetic Mechanisms Leading to Sex Differences Across Common Diseases and Anthropometric Traits. Genetics 2016; 205:979-992. [PMID: 27974502 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.193623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Common diseases often show sex differences in prevalence, onset, symptomology, treatment, or prognosis. Although studies have been performed to evaluate sex differences at specific SNP associations, this work aims to comprehensively survey a number of complex heritable diseases and anthropometric traits. Potential genetically encoded sex differences we investigated include differential genetic liability thresholds or distributions, gene-sex interaction at autosomal loci, major contribution of the X-chromosome, or gene-environment interactions reflected in genes responsive to androgens or estrogens. Finally, we tested the overlap between sex-differential association with anthropometric traits and disease risk. We utilized complementary approaches of assessing GWAS association enrichment and SNP-based heritability estimation to explore explicit sex differences, as well as enrichment in sex-implicated functional categories. We do not find consistent increased genetic load in the lower-prevalence sex, or a disproportionate role for the X-chromosome in disease risk, despite sex-heterogeneity on the X for several traits. We find that all anthropometric traits show less than complete correlation between the genetic contribution to males and females, and find a convincing example of autosome-wide genome-sex interaction in multiple sclerosis (P = 1 × 10-9). We also find some evidence for hormone-responsive gene enrichment, and striking evidence of the contribution of sex-differential anthropometric associations to common disease risk, implying that general mechanisms of sexual dimorphism determining secondary sex characteristics have shared effects on disease risk.
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Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6-7 and 13-14 years in Northeast Iran. Front Med 2016; 10:345-50. [PMID: 27527365 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, and its incidences are often imminent among elementary schoolchildren. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6-7 and 13-14 years in Northeast Iran. The prevalence rate was compared according to age group (aged 6-7 years vs. aged 13-14 years) and gender (male vs. female). In this cross-sectional study, 1706 Iranian schoolchildren aged 6-7 and 13-14 years in Golestan Province were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires between February and July 2014. Asthma symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol in Persian. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the asthma symptoms for each of the gender and age groups. The prevalence rates of "current asthma" symptoms and "asthma ever" in all the children were estimated as 9.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The prevalence of asthma ("asthma ever" and "wheezing in the past 12 months") in junior high schoolchildren (aged 13-14 years) is higher than that in elementary schoolchildren (aged 6-7 years) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of the severity of wheezing in girls is lower than that in boys (OR = 1.7, 95%CI = 1.06-2.96, P = 0.02). Asthma is still a major public health problem. This study shows that the prevalence of the asthma symptoms in boys is lower than that in girls in both age groups, and the severity of asthma in girls is higher than that in boys aged 13-14 years.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Hu H, Jin Y, Xue M. Polymorphisms of RAD50, IL33 and IL1RL1 are associated with atopic asthma in Chinese population. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2015; 86:443-7. [PMID: 26493291 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic architecture of asthma remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms of CDHR3 (rs6967330), GSDMB (rs2305480), IL33 rs928413, RAD50 (rs6871536) and IL1RL1 (rs1558641) are associated with the development of atopic asthma in Chinese population. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between 516 patients and 552 controls by Chi-square test. Patients were found to have significantly higher allele G of rs928413 and allele C of rs6871536 (9.5% vs 6.2%, P = 0.004 for rs928413; 26.1% vs 19.9%, P < 0.001 for rs6871536). Besides, patients were found to have significantly lower frequency of allele A of rs1558641 (17.2% vs 21.7%, P = 0.007). This is the first study validating that IL33, IL1R1, and RAD50 genes are associated with the risk of asthma in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - M Xue
- Department of Paediatrics, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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