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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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Sripusanapan A, Yanpiset P, Sriwichaiin S, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel inhibitor in myocardial infarction: Potential benefits beyond heart rate modulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14085. [PMID: 38230890 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) and its associated complications including ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure are responsible for a significant incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ensuing cardiomyocyte loss results in neurohormone-driven cardiac remodeling, which leads to chronic heart failure in MI survivors. Ivabradine is a heart rate modulation agent currently used in treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The canonical target of ivabradine is the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in cardiac pacemaker cells. However, in post-MI hearts, HCN can also be expressed ectopically in non-pacemaker cardiomyocytes. There is an accumulation of intriguing evidence to suggest that ivabradine also possesses cardioprotective effects that are independent of heart rate reduction. This review aims to summarize and discuss the reported cardioprotective mechanisms of ivabradine beyond heart rate modulation in myocardial infarction through various molecular mechanisms including the prevention of reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage, improvement of autophagy system, modulation of intracellular calcium cycling, modification of ventricular electrophysiology, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adivitch Sripusanapan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panat Yanpiset
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Reisqs JB, Qu YS, Boutjdir M. Ion channel trafficking implications in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1351496. [PMID: 38420267 PMCID: PMC10899472 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1351496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is recognized as an epidemic in the contemporary world, impacting around 1%-2% of the adult population and affecting around 6 million Americans. HF remains a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and poor quality of life. Several therapies are used to treat HF and improve the survival of patients; however, despite these substantial improvements in treating HF, the incidence of HF is increasing rapidly, posing a significant burden to human health. The total cost of care for HF is USD 69.8 billion in 2023, warranting a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in HF. Among the most serious manifestations associated with HF is arrhythmia due to the electrophysiological changes within the cardiomyocyte. Among these electrophysiological changes, disruptions in sodium and potassium currents' function and trafficking, as well as calcium handling, all of which impact arrhythmia in HF. The mechanisms responsible for the trafficking, anchoring, organization, and recycling of ion channels at the plasma membrane seem to be significant contributors to ion channels dysfunction in HF. Variants, microtubule alterations, or disturbances of anchoring proteins lead to ion channel trafficking defects and the alteration of the cardiomyocyte's electrophysiology. Understanding the mechanisms of ion channels trafficking could provide new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of HF. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in ion channel trafficking in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Reisqs
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yongxia Sarah Qu
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Pasławska M, Grodzka A, Peczyńska J, Sawicka B, Bossowski AT. Role of miRNA in Cardiovascular Diseases in Children-Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:956. [PMID: 38256030 PMCID: PMC10816020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of children suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rising globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to acquire a better understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of CVDs in order to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for the future. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNA fragments that range from 17 to 25 nucleotides in length and play an essential role in regulating gene expression, controlling an abundance of biological aspects of cell life, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, thus affecting immune response, stem cell growth, ageing and haematopoiesis. In recent years, the concept of miRNAs as diagnostic markers allowing discrimination between healthy individuals and those affected by CVDs entered the purview of academic debate. In this review, we aimed to systematise available information regarding miRNAs associated with arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and congenital heart diseases in children. We focused on the targeted genes and metabolic pathways influenced by those particular miRNAs, and finally, tried to determine the future of miRNAs as novel biomarkers of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artur Tadeusz Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology with Cardiology Divisions, Medical University of Bialystok, J. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland; (M.P.); (A.G.); (J.P.); (B.S.)
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Zhu M, Lu J, Li X, An Y, Li B, Liu W. Ivabradine Alleviates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis-Mediated Myocardial Injury. Int Heart J 2024; 65:109-118. [PMID: 38296563 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Ivabradine (IVA) reduces heart rate by inhibiting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCNs), which play a role in the promotion of pacemaker activity in cardiac sinoatrial node cells. HCNs are highly expressed in neural and myocardial tissues and are involved in the modulation of inflammatory neuropathic pain. However, whether IVA exerts any effect on myocardial inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart failure is unclear. We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in porcine cardiac myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis rat model to determine the effects and mechanisms of IVA. Lewis rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into the normal, control, high-dose-IVA, and low-dose-IVA groups. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured on days 0 and 21, respectively. Echocardiography was performed on day 22, and inflammation of the myocardium was evaluated via histopathological examination. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of HCN1-4, MinK-related protein 1 (MiRP1), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to measure serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. The relative mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined via qRT-PCR. We found that IVA reduced the total number of cells infiltrated into the myocardium, particularly in the subset of fibroblasts, endocardia, and monocytes. IVA administration ameliorated cardiac inflammation and reduced collagen production. Results of the echocardiography indicated that left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole LVIDs increased whereas left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening decreased in the control group. IVA improved cardiac performance. The expression of HCN4 and MiRP1 protein and the level of serum IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased by IVA treatment. In conclusion, HCNs and the helper proteins were increased in the profile of myocardial inflammation. HCNs may be involved in the regulation of myocardial inflammation by inhibiting immune cell infiltration. Our findings can contribute to the development of IVA-based combination therapies for the future treatment of cardiac inflammation and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
| | - Yongqiang An
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University
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Tibbs GR, Uprety R, Warren JD, Beyer NP, Joyce RL, Ferrer MA, Mellado W, Wong VSC, Goldberg DC, Cohen MW, Costa CJ, Li Z, Zhang G, Dephoure NE, Barman DN, Sun D, Ingólfsson HI, Sauve AA, Willis DE, Goldstein PA. An anchor-tether 'hindered' HCN1 inhibitor is antihyperalgesic in a rat spared nerve injury neuropathic pain model. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:745-763. [PMID: 37567808 PMCID: PMC10541997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain impairs quality of life, is widely prevalent, and incurs significant costs. Current pharmacological therapies have poor/no efficacy and significant adverse effects; safe and effective alternatives are needed. Hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-regulated (HCN) channels are causally implicated in some forms of peripherally mediated neuropathic pain. Whilst 2,6-substituted phenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (26DTB-P), selectively inhibit HCN1 gating and are antihyperalgesic, the development of therapeutically tolerable, HCN-selective antihyperalgesics based on their inverse agonist activity requires that such drugs spare the cardiac isoforms and do not cross the blood-brain barrier. METHODS In silico molecular dynamics simulation, in vitro electrophysiology, and in vivo rat spared nerve injury methods were used to test whether 'hindered' variants of 26DTB-P (wherein a hydrophilic 'anchor' is attached in the para-position of 26DTB-P via an acyl chain 'tether') had the desired properties. RESULTS Molecular dynamics simulation showed that membrane penetration of hindered 26DTB-Ps is controlled by a tethered diol anchor without elimination of head group rotational freedom. In vitro and in vivo analysis showed that BP4L-18:1:1, a variant wherein a diol anchor is attached to 26DTB-P via an 18-carbon tether, is an HCN1 inverse agonist and an orally available antihyperalgesic. With a CNS multiparameter optimisation score of 2.25, a >100-fold lower drug load in the brain vs blood, and an absence of adverse cardiovascular or CNS effects, BP4L-18:1:1 was shown to be poorly CNS penetrant and cardiac sparing. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a proof-of-concept demonstration that anchor-tethered drugs are a new chemotype for treatment of disorders involving membrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Tibbs
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajendra Uprety
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole P Beyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca L Joyce
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Ferrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhucui Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noah E Dephoure
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dipti N Barman
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Delin Sun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony A Sauve
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Peter A Goldstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Sebastian S, Weinstein LS, Ludwig A, Munroe P, Tinker A. Slowing Heart Rate Protects Against Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac055. [PMID: 36540889 PMCID: PMC9761894 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the pathophysiological impact of heart rate (HR) slowing on cardiac function. We have recently developed a murine model in which it is possible to conditionally delete the stimulatory heterotrimeric G-protein (Gαs) in the sinoatrial (SA) node after the addition of tamoxifen using cre-loxP technology. The addition of tamoxifen leads to bradycardia. We used this approach to examine the physiological and pathophysiological effects of HR slowing. We first looked at the impact on exercise performance by running the mice on a treadmill. After the addition of tamoxifen, mice with conditional deletion of Gαs in the SA node ran a shorter distance at a slower speed. Littermate controls preserved their exercise capacity after tamoxifen. Results consistent with impaired cardiac capacity in the mutants were also obtained with a dobutamine echocardiographic stress test. We then examined if HR reduction influenced pathological cardiac hypertrophy using two models: ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for myocardial infarction and abdominal aortic banding for hypertensive heart disease. In littermate controls, both procedures resulted in cardiac hypertrophy. However, induction of HR reduction prior to surgical intervention significantly ameliorated the hypertrophy. In order to assess potential protein kinase pathways that may be activated in the left ventricle by relative bradycardia, we used a phospho-antibody array and this revealed selective activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase. In conclusion, HR reduction protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy but limits physiological exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sebastian
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 8C101, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institut fuer Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patricia Munroe
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Response of Isolated Rat Heart to α 2-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation after I f Current Blockade in the Late Postinfarction Period. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:22-25. [PMID: 36437345 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of α2-adrenoreceptor activation after preliminary If-current blockade on the performance of the Langendorff-isolated rat heart 54 days after modeling myocardial infarction. Stimulation of α2-adrenoreceptors against the background of application of If blocker ZD7288 in concentrations of 10-9 and 10-5 M decreased myocardial inotropy in isolated rat hearts by 50 and 39% (p<0.05) and increased HR by 20 and 15% (p<0.05), respectively. Activation of α2-adrenoreceptors against the background of application of ZD7288 in a concentration of 10-9 and 10-5 M led to a decrease in the coronary flow in the isolated rat heart with the model of myocardial infarction by 21% (p<0.05) and 32% (p<0.05), respectively.
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Inazumi H, Kuwahara K. NRSF/REST-Mediated Epigenomic Regulation in the Heart: Transcriptional Control of Natriuretic Peptides and Beyond. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081197. [PMID: 36009824 PMCID: PMC9405064 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Reactivation of the fetal cardiac gene program, such as those encoding atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP, respectively), is a characteristic feature of failing hearts. We previously revealed that a transcriptional repressor, neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), also called repressor element-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), plays a crucial role in the transcriptional control of ANP, BNP and other fetal cardiac genes through collaboration with various other transcription factors to maintain physiological cardiac function and electrical stability. Increased production of ANP and BNP prevents the progression of heart failure, but reactivation of Gαo and fetal-type cardiac ion channels (T-type Ca2+ and HCN channels) leads to deteriorated cardiac function and lethal arrhythmias observed in mice with disturbed NRSF function. Epigenetic regulators with which NRSF forms a complex modify histone acetylation and methylation, thereby participating in NRSF-mediated transcriptional regulation. Further comprehensive studies will lead to clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Abstract Reactivation of fetal cardiac genes, including those encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), is a key feature of pathological cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Intensive studies on the regulation of ANP and BNP have revealed the involvement of numerous transcriptional factors in the regulation of the fetal cardiac gene program. Among these, we identified that a transcriptional repressor, neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF), also named repressor element-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), which was initially detected as a transcriptional repressor of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells, plays a pivotal role in the transcriptional regulation of ANP, BNP and other fetal cardiac genes. Here we review the transcriptional regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression and the role of the NRSF repressor complex in the regulation of cardiac gene expression and the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Inazumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-263-37-3191; Fax: +81-263-37-3195
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Palyam V, Azam AT, Odeyinka O, Alhashimi R, Thoota S, Ashok T, Sange I. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Atrial Fibrillation: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e21101. [PMID: 35165560 PMCID: PMC8830388 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiological condition that exhibits various clinical symptoms. The leading cause of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with HCM is advanced diastolic dysfunction and left atrial dilatation and remodeling. In addition to the gradual symptomatic and functional decline caused by AF, there is an increased risk of thromboembolic disease and mortality, especially if there is a rapid ventricular rate or obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. The mainstay of management of AF in HCM is a combination of non-pharmacological lifestyle and risk factor modification, long-term anticoagulation, and rhythm control with anti-arrhythmic medications, septal ablation, and radiofrequency catheter ablation. This article has examined the development of AF in HCM, its clinical symptomatology, and its impact, highlighting its management and the mortality associated with AF in HCM.
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Depuydt AS, Peigneur S, Tytgat J. Review: HCN Channels in the Heart. Curr Cardiol Rev 2022; 18:e040222200836. [PMID: 35125083 PMCID: PMC9893134 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x18666220204142436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacemaker cells are the basis of rhythm in the heart. Cardiovascular diseases, and in particular, arrhythmias are a leading cause of hospital admissions and have been implicated as a cause of sudden death. The prevalence of people with arrhythmias will increase in the next years due to an increase in the ageing population and risk factors. The current therapies are limited, have a lot of side effects, and thus, are not ideal. Pacemaker channels, also called hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, are the molecular correlate of the hyperpolarization- activated current, called Ih (from hyperpolarization) or If (from funny), that contribute crucially to the pacemaker activity in cardiac nodal cells and impulse generation and transmission in neurons. HCN channels have emerged as interesting targets for the development of drugs, in particular, to lower the heart rate. Nonetheless, their pharmacology is still rather poorly explored in comparison to many other voltage-gated ion channels or ligand-gated ion channels. Ivabradine is the first and currently the only clinically approved compound that specifically targets HCN channels. The therapeutic indication of ivabradine is the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease with a normal sinus rhythm. Several other pharmacological agents have been shown to exert an effect on heart rate, although this effect is not always desired. This review is focused on the pacemaking process taking place in the heart and summarizes the current knowledge on HCN channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Depuydt
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N2, PO Box 922, Herestraat 49, 3000Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Husti Z, Varró A, Baczkó I. Arrhythmogenic Remodeling in the Failing Heart. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113203. [PMID: 34831426 PMCID: PMC8623396 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome with multiple etiologies, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac arrhythmias, including ventricular tachyarrhythmias and atrial fibrillation, are common in heart failure. A number of cardiac diseases including heart failure alter the expression and regulation of ion channels and transporters leading to arrhythmogenic electrical remodeling. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and scar formation are key elements of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling in heart failure. In this article, the mechanisms responsible for increased arrhythmia susceptibility as well as the underlying changes in ion channel, transporter expression and function as well as alterations in calcium handling in heart failure are discussed. Understanding the mechanisms of arrhythmogenic remodeling is key to improving arrhythmia management and the prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Husti
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (A.V.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abstract
Mitochondria have been recognized as key organelles in cardiac physiology and are potential targets for clinical interventions to improve cardiac function. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been accepted as a major contributor to the development of heart failure. The main function of mitochondria is to meet the high energy demands of the heart by oxidative metabolism. Ionic homeostasis in mitochondria directly regulates oxidative metabolism, and any disruption in ionic homeostasis causes mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually contractile failure. The mitochondrial ionic homeostasis is closely coupled with inner mitochondrial membrane potential. To regulate and maintain ionic homeostasis, mitochondrial membranes are equipped with ion transporting proteins. Ion transport mechanisms involving several different ion channels and transporters are highly efficient and dynamic, thus helping to maintain the ionic homeostasis of ions as well as their salts present in the mitochondrial matrix. In recent years, several novel proteins have been identified on the mitochondrial membranes and these proteins are actively being pursued in research for roles in the organ as well as organelle physiology. In this article, the role of mitochondrial ion channels in cardiac function is reviewed. In recent times, the major focus of the mitochondrial ion channel field is to establish molecular identities as well as assigning specific functions to them. Given the diversity of mitochondrial ion channels and their unique roles in cardiac function, they present novel and viable therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Rodríguez-Angulo HO, Colombet-Naranjo D, Maza MC, Poveda C, Herreros-Cabello A, Mendoza I, Perera JC, Goyo JD, Gironès N, Fresno M. Molecular Remodeling of Cardiac Sinus Node Associated with Acute Chagas Disease Myocarditis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112208. [PMID: 34835334 PMCID: PMC8620628 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease principally affects Latin-American people, but it currently has worldwide distribution due to migration. Death among those with Chagas disease can occur suddenly and without warning, even in those who may not have evidence of clinical or structural cardiac disease and who are younger than 60 years old. HCN4 channels, one of the principal elements responsible for pacemaker currents, are associated with cardiac fetal reprogramming and supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, but their role in chagasic arrhythmias is not clear. We found that a single-dose administration of ivabradine, which blocks HCN4, caused QTc and QRS enlargement and an increase in P-wave amplitude and was associated with ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias in mice challenged with isoproterenol, a chronotropic/ionotropic positive agent. Continuous treatment with ivabradine did not alter the QTc interval, but P-wave morphology was deeply modified, generating supraventricular arrhythmias. In addition, we found that repolarization parameters improved with ivabradine treatment. These effects could have been caused by the high HCN4 expression observed in auricular and ventricular tissue in infected mice. Thus, we suggest, for the first time, that molecular remodeling by overexpression of HCN4 channels may be related to supraventricular arrhythmias in acute Chagas disease, causing ivabradine over-response. Thus, ivabradine treatment should be administered with caution, while HCN4 overexpression may be an indicator of heart failure and/or sudden death risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor O. Rodríguez-Angulo
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (H.O.R.A.); (D.C.-N.)
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela; (J.C.P.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Diana Colombet-Naranjo
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (H.O.R.A.); (D.C.-N.)
| | - María C. Maza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (C.P.); (A.-H.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (C.P.); (A.-H.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Herreros-Cabello
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (C.P.); (A.-H.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Mendoza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1060, Venezuela;
| | - Juan C. Perera
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela; (J.C.P.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Juan D. Goyo
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto 3001, Venezuela; (J.C.P.); (J.D.G.)
| | - Núria Gironès
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (C.P.); (A.-H.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.M.); (C.P.); (A.-H.C.)
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (M.F.)
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15
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Oknińska M, Paterek A, Zambrowska Z, Mackiewicz U, Mączewski M. Effect of Ivabradine on Cardiac Ventricular Arrhythmias: Friend or Foe? J Clin Med 2021; 10:4732. [PMID: 34682854 PMCID: PMC8537674 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation remain an ongoing clinical problem and their prevention and treatment require optimization. Conventional antiarrhythmic drugs are associated with significant proarrhythmic effects that often outweigh their benefits. Another option, the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, though clearly the primary therapy for patients at high risk of ventricular arrhythmias, is costly, invasive, and requires regular monitoring. Thus there is a clear need for new antiarrhythmic treatment strategies. Ivabradine, a heartrate-reducing agent, an inhibitor of HCN channels, may be one of such options. In this review we discuss emerging data from experimental studies that indicate new mechanism of action of this drug and further areas of investigation and potential use of ivabradine as an antiarrhythmic agent. However, clinical evidence is limited, and the jury is still out on effects of ivabradine on cardiac ventricular arrhythmias in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michał Mączewski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Clinical Physiology, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.); (A.P.); (Z.Z.); (U.M.)
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16
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The HCN channel as a pharmacological target: Why, where, and how to block it. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:173-181. [PMID: 34303730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, expressed in a variety of cell types and in all tissues, control excitation and rhythm. Since their discovery in neurons and cardiac pacemaker cells, they attracted the attention of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology as novel targets to shape (patho)physiological mechanisms. To date, ivabradine represents the first-in-class drug as specific bradycardic agent in cardiac diseases; however, new applications are emerging in parallel with the demonstration of the involvement of different HCN isoforms in central and peripheral nervous system. Hence, the possibility to target specific isoforms represents an attractive development in this field; indeed, HCN1, HCN2 or HCN4 specific blockers have shown promising features in vitro and in vivo, with remarkable pharmacological differences likely depending on the diverse functional role and tissue distribution. Here, we show a recently developed compound with high potency as HCN2-HCN4 blocker; because of its unique profile, this compound may deserve further investigation.
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17
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Paterek A, Sochanowicz B, Oknińska M, Śmigielski W, Kruszewski M, Mackiewicz U, Mączewski M, Leszek P. Ivabradine prevents deleterious effects of dopamine therapy in heart failure: No role for HCN4 overexpression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111250. [PMID: 33450487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbations of chronic heart failure (CHF) are often treated with catecholamines to provide short term inotropic support, but this strategy is associated with long-term detrimental hemodynamic effects and increased ventricular arrhythmias (VA), possibly related to increased heart rate (HR). We hypothesized that ivabradine may prevent adverse effects of short-term dopamine treatment in CHF. METHODS Rats with post-myocardial infarction CHF received 2-week infusion of saline, dopamine(D), ivabradine(I) or D&I; cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and pressure-volume loops while VA were assessed using telemetric ECG recording. Expression of HCN4, a potentially proarrhythmic channel blocked by ivabradine, was assessed in left ventricular (LV) myocardium. HCN4 expression was also assessed in human explanted normal and failing hearts and correlated with VA. FINDINGS Dopamine infusion had detrimental effects on hemodynamic parameters and LV remodeling and induced VA in CHF rats, while ivabradine completely prevented these effects. CHF rats demonstrated HCN4 overexpression in LV myocardium, and ivabradine and, unexpectedly, dopamine prevented this. Failing human hearts also exhibited HCN4 overexpression in LV myocardium that was unrelated to patient's sex, CHF etiology, VA severity or plasma NT-proBNP. INTERPRETATION HR reduction offered by ivabradine may be a feasible strategy to extract benefits of inotropic support in CHF exacerbations, avoiding detrimental effects on CHF biology or VA. Ivabradine may offer additional beneficial effects in this setting, going beyond pure HR reduction, however prevention of ventricular HCN4 overexpression is unlikely to play a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paterek
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sochanowicz
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Oknińska
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland; Department of Medical Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Urszula Mackiewicz
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mączewski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, largely associated to morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, research in appearance and progression of this arrhythmia have turned into significant advances in its management. However, the incidence of AF continues to increase with the aging of the population and many important fundamental and translational underlaying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we review recent advances in molecular and cellular basis for AF initiation, maintenance and progression. We first provide an overview of the basic molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms that lead and characterize AF. Next, we discuss the upstream regulatory factors conducting the underlying mechanisms which drive electrical and structural AF-associated remodeling, including genetic factors (risk variants associated to AF as transcriptional regulators and genetic changes associated to AF), neurohormonal regulation (i.e., cAMP) and oxidative stress imbalance (cGMP and mitochondrial dysfunction). Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of those findings, the knowledge gaps and consider future approaches to improve clinical management.
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19
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Effect of ivabradine on cardiac arrhythmias: Antiarrhythmic or proarrhythmic? Heart Rhythm 2021; 18:1230-1238. [PMID: 33737235 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major source of mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, their treatment remains suboptimal. Major classes of antiarrhythmic drugs pose a significant risk of proarrhythmia, and their side effects often outweigh their benefits. Therefore, implantable devices remain the only truly effective antiarrhythmic therapy, and new strategies of antiarrhythmic treatment are required. Ivabradine is a selective heart rate-reducing agent, an inhibitor of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, currently approved for treatment of coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure. In this review, we focus on the clinical and basic science evidence for the antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic effects of ivabradine. We attempt to dissect the mechanisms behind the effects of ivabradine and indicate the focus of future studies.
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20
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Hadova K, Kralova E, Doka G, Bies Pivackova L, Kmecova Z, Krenek P, Klimas J. Isolated downregulation of HCN2 in ventricles of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:118. [PMID: 33653265 PMCID: PMC7927235 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of disrupted repolarization of diabetic heart, some studies report less tendency of diabetic heart to develop ventricular arrhythmias suggesting effective compensatory mechanism. We hypothesized that myocardial alterations in HCN2 and HCN4 channels occur under hyperglycaemia. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats using a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Basal ECG was measured. Expression of mRNA for HCN channels, potassium channels and microRNA 1 and 133a were measured in ventricular tissues. Protein expression of HCN2 channel isoform was assessed in five different regions of the heart by western blotting. Differentiated H9c2 cell line was used to examine HCN channels expression under hyperglycaemia in vitro. RESULTS Six weeks after STZ administration, heart rate was reduced, QRS complex duration, QT interval and T-wave were prolonged in diabetic rats compared to controls. mRNA and protein expressions of HCN2 decreased exclusively in the ventricles of diabetic rats. HCN2 expression levels in atria of STZ rats and H9c2 cells treated with excess of glucose were not changed. MicroRNA levels were stable in STZ rat hearts. We found significantly decreased mRNA levels of several potassium channels participating in repolarization, namely Kcnd2 (Ito1), Kcnh2 (IKr), Kcnq1 (IKs) and Kcnj11 (IKATP). CONCLUSIONS This result together with downregulated HCN2 channels suggest that HCN channels might be an integral part of ventricular electric remodelling and might play a role in cardiac repolarization projected in altered arrhythmogenic profile of diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Hadova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kralova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Doka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Bies Pivackova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kmecova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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21
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Palmer BF, Carrero JJ, Clegg DJ, Colbert GB, Emmett M, Fishbane S, Hain DJ, Lerma E, Onuigbo M, Rastogi A, Roger SD, Spinowitz BS, Weir MR. Clinical Management of Hyperkalemia. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:744-762. [PMID: 33160639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte abnormality with potentially life-threatening consequences. Despite various guidelines, no universally accepted consensus exists on best practices for hyperkalemia monitoring, with variations in precise potassium (K+) concentration thresholds or for the management of acute or chronic hyperkalemia. Based on the available evidence, this review identifies several critical issues and unmet needs with regard to the management of hyperkalemia. Real-world studies are needed for a better understanding of the prevalence of hyperkalemia outside the clinical trial setting. There is a need to improve effective management of hyperkalemia, including classification and K+ monitoring, when to reinitiate previously discontinued renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy, and when to use oral K+-binding agents. Monitoring serum K+ should be individualized; however, increased frequency of monitoring should be considered for patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, heart failure, or a history of hyperkalemia and for those receiving RAASi therapy. Recent clinical studies suggest that the newer K+ binders (patiromer sorbitex calcium and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) may facilitate optimization of RAASi therapy. Enhancing the knowledge of primary care physicians and internists with respect to the safety profiles of these newer K+ binders may increase confidence in managing patients with hyperkalemia. Lastly, the availability of newer K+-binding agents requires further study to establish whether stringent dietary K+ restrictions are needed in patients receiving K+-binder therapy. Individualized monitoring of serum K+ among patients with an increased risk of hyperkalemia and the use of newer K+-binding agents may allow for optimization of RAASi therapy and more effective management of hyperkalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
| | - Juan Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Steven Fishbane
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY
| | - Debra J Hain
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, and Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - Edgar Lerma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago/Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn
| | - Macaulay Onuigbo
- Robert Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington
| | - Anjay Rastogi
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Simon D Roger
- Renal Research, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, Australia
| | | | - Matthew R Weir
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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22
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Takano APC, Senger N, Barreto-Chaves MLM. The endocrinological component and signaling pathways associated to cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110972. [PMID: 32777452 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although myocardial growth corresponds to an adaptive response to maintain cardiac contractile function, the cardiac hypertrophy is a condition that occurs in many cardiovascular diseases and typically precedes the onset of heart failure. Different endocrine factors such as thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin (ET-1), catecholamines, estrogen, among others represent important stimuli to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thus, numerous endocrine disorders manifested as changes in the local environment or multiple organ systems are especially important in the context of progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. Based on that information, this review summarizes experimental findings regarding the influence of such hormones upon signalling pathways associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Understanding mechanisms through which hormones differentially regulate cardiac hypertrophy could open ways to obtain therapeutic approaches that contribute to prevent or delay the onset of heart failure related to endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia Senger
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Pedro B, Fontes-Sousa AP, Gelzer AR. Canine atrial fibrillation: Pathophysiology, epidemiology and classification. Vet J 2020; 265:105548. [PMID: 33129553 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common non-physiological arrhythmia in dogs and humans. Its high prevalence in both species and the impact it has on survival time and quality of life of affected patients, makes it a very relevant topic of medical research. Significant developments in understanding the mechanisms underlying this arrhythmia in humans has occurred over the last decades and some of this knowledge is being applied to veterinary medicine, despite the many differences between species. This article reviews the current understanding of the pathophysiology of AF. The epidemiology and classification of AF in dogs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigite Pedro
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Highlands Road, Solihull, West Midlands B90 4NH, UK.
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna R Gelzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Chakraborty P, Rose RA, Nair K, Downar E, Nanthakumar K. The rationale for repurposing funny current inhibition for management of ventricular arrhythmia. Heart Rhythm 2020; 18:130-137. [PMID: 32738405 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Management of ventricular arrhythmia in structural heart disease is complicated by the toxicity of the limited antiarrhythmic options available. In others, proarrhythmia and deleterious hemodynamic and noncardiac effects prevent practical use. This necessitates new thinking in therapeutic agents for ventricular arrhythmia in structural heart disease. Ivabradine, a funny current (If) inhibitor, has proven safety in heart failure, angina, and inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Although it is commonly known that funny channels are primarily expressed in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and conducting system of the ventricle, ivabradine is known to exert effects on metabolism, ion homeostasis, and membrane electrophysiology of remodeled ventricular myocardium. This review considers novel concepts and evidence from clinical and experimental studies regarding this paradigm, with a potential role of ivabradine in ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Rose
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, An entity of the University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Krishnakumar Nair
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Downar
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- The Hull Family Cardiac Fibrillation Management Laboratory, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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26
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Nattel S, Heijman J, Zhou L, Dobrev D. Molecular Basis of Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology and Therapy: A Translational Perspective. Circ Res 2020; 127:51-72. [PMID: 32717172 PMCID: PMC7398486 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia, with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. There have been significant management advances over the past 2 decades, but the burden of the disease continues to increase and there is certainly plenty of room for improvement in treatment options. A potential key to therapeutic innovation is a better understanding of underlying fundamental mechanisms. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the molecular basis for AF, with a particular emphasis on relating these new insights to opportunities for clinical translation. We first review the evidence relating basic electrophysiological mechanisms to the characteristics of clinical AF. We then discuss the molecular control of factors leading to some of the principal determinants, including abnormalities in impulse conduction (such as tissue fibrosis and other extra-cardiomyocyte alterations, connexin dysregulation and Na+-channel dysfunction), electrical refractoriness, and impulse generation. We then consider the molecular drivers of AF progression, including a range of Ca2+-dependent intracellular processes, microRNA changes, and inflammatory signaling. The concept of key interactome-related nodal points is then evaluated, dealing with systems like those associated with CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II), NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3), and transcription-factors like TBX5 and PitX2c. We conclude with a critical discussion of therapeutic implications, knowledge gaps and future directions, dealing with such aspects as drug repurposing, biologicals, multispecific drugs, the targeting of cardiomyocyte inflammatory signaling and potential considerations in intervening at the level of interactomes and gene-regulation. The area of molecular intervention for AF management presents exciting new opportunities, along with substantial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- IHU Liryc and Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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27
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Chen H, Chen Y, Yang J, Wu P, Wang X, Huang C. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on pacemaker channels encoded by HCN gene. Herz 2020; 46:255-261. [PMID: 32435840 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, the electropharmacological activity of traditional Chinese medicine, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), on human hyperpolarization-activated nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and the underlying "funny" currents was investigated. METHODS Standard two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings were employed to examine the properties of cloned HCN subunit currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes under controlled conditions and GBE administration. RESULTS We found that GBE irreversibly inhibited the HCN2 and HCN4 channel currents in a concentration-dependent fashion and that the HCN4 current was more sensitive to GBE compared with HCN2. In addition, GBE inhibition of the current amplitudes of HCN2 and HCN4 currents was accompanied by a decrease in the activation and deactivation kinetics. CONCLUSION The results of this study contribute toward illustrating the antiarrhythmic mechanism of GBE, which might be useful for the treatment of arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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28
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Grandi E, Dobrev D. Atrial fibrillation in a dish: insights into atrial arrhythmogenesis from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1089-1091. [PMID: 31860074 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Tupper Hall rm 2427, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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29
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Gasparini A, Evans M, Barany P, Xu H, Jernberg T, Ärnlöv J, Lund LH, Carrero JJ. Plasma potassium ranges associated with mortality across stages of chronic kidney disease: the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1534-1541. [PMID: 30085251 PMCID: PMC6735645 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small-scale studies suggest that hyperkalaemia is a less threatening condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD), arguing adaptation/tolerance to potassium (K+) retention. This study formally evaluates this hypothesis by estimating the distribution of plasma K+ and its association with mortality across CKD stages. Methods This observational study included all patients undergoing plasma K+ testing in Stockholm during 2006–11. We randomly selected one K+ measurement per patient and constructed a cross-sectional cohort with mortality follow-up. Covariates included demographics, comorbidities, medications and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We estimated K+ distribution and defined K+ ranges associated with 90-, 180- and 365-day mortality. Results Included were 831 760 participants, of which 70 403 (8.5%) had CKD G3 (eGFR <60–30 mL/min) and 8594 (1.1%) had CKD G4–G5 (eGFR <30 mL/min). About 66 317 deaths occurred within a year. Adjusted plasma K+ increased across worse CKD stages: from median 3.98 (95% confidence interval 3.49–4.59) for eGFR >90 to 4.43 (3.22–5.65) mmol/L for eGFR ≤15 mL/min/1.73 m2. The association between K+ and mortality was U-shaped, but it flattened at lower eGFR strata and shifted upwards. For instance, the range where the 90-day mortality risk increased by no more than 100% was 3.45–4.94 mmol/L in eGFR >60 mL/min, but was 3.36–5.18 in G3 and 3.26–5.53 mmol/L in G4–G5. In conclusion, CKD stage modifies K+ distribution and the ranges that predict mortality in the community. Conclusion Although this study supports the view that hyperkalaemia is better tolerated with worse CKD, it challenges the current use of a single optimal K+ range for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Evans
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas Jernberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan-Jesús Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Novel re-expression of L-type calcium channel Ca v1.3 in left ventricles of failing human heart. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1193-1197. [PMID: 32113898 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Szabó Z, Ujvárosy D, Ötvös T, Sebestyén V, Nánási PP. Handling of Ventricular Fibrillation in the Emergency Setting. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1640. [PMID: 32140103 PMCID: PMC7043313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are predominantly caused by channelopathies and cardiomyopathies in youngsters and coronary heart disease in the elderly. Temporary factors, e.g., electrolyte imbalance, drug interactions, and substance abuses may play an additive role in arrhythmogenesis. Ectopic automaticity, triggered activity, and reentry mechanisms are known as important electrophysiological substrates for VF determining the antiarrhythmic therapies at the same time. Emergency need for electrical cardioversion is supported by the fact that every minute without defibrillation decreases survival rates by approximately 7%–10%. Thus, early defibrillation is an essential part of antiarrhythmic emergency management. Drug therapy has its relevance rather in the prevention of sudden cardiac death, where early recognition and treatment of the underlying disease has significant importance. Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic effects of beta blockers in patients predisposed to sudden cardiac death were highlighted in numerous studies, hence nowadays these drugs are considered to be the cornerstones of the prevention and treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Nevertheless, other medical therapies have not been proven to be useful in the prevention of VF. Although amiodarone has shown positive results occasionally, this was not demonstrated to be consistent. Furthermore, the potential proarrhythmic effects of drugs may also limit their applicability. Based on these unfavorable observations we highlight the importance of arrhythmia prevention, where echocardiography, electrocardiography and laboratory testing play a significant role even in the emergency setting. In the following we provide a summary on the latest developments on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the evaluation and preventive treatment possibilities of patients with increased susceptibility to VF and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Ujvárosy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ötvös
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Veronika Sebestyén
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Dental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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32
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Lainez S, Tsantoulas C, Biel M, McNaughton PA. HCN3 ion channels: roles in sensory neuronal excitability and pain. J Physiol 2019; 597:4661-4675. [PMID: 31290157 DOI: 10.1113/jp278211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS HCN ion channels conducting the Ih current control the frequency of firing in peripheral sensory neurons signalling pain. Previous studies have demonstrated a major role for the HCN2 subunit in chronic pain but the potential involvement of HCN3 in pain has not been investigated. HCN3 was found to be widely expressed in all classes of sensory neurons (small, medium, large) where it contributes to Ih . HCN3 deletion increased the firing rate of medium but not small, sensory neurons. Pain sensitivity both acutely and following neuropathic injury was largely unaffected by HCN3 deletion, with the exception of a small decrease of mechanical hyperalgesia in response to a pinprick. We conclude that HCN3 plays little role in either acute or chronic pain sensation. ABSTRACT HCN ion channels govern the firing rate of action potentials in the pacemaker region of the heart and in pain-sensitive (nociceptive) nerve fibres. Intracellular cAMP promotes activation of the HCN4 and HCN2 isoforms, whereas HCN1 and HCN3 are relatively insensitive to cAMP. HCN2 modulates action potential firing rate in nociceptive neurons and plays a critical role in all modes of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, although the role of HCN3 in nociceptive excitability and pain is less studied. Using antibody staining, we found that HCN3 is expressed in all classes of somatosensory neurons. In small nociceptive neurons, genetic deletion of HCN2 abolished the voltage shift of the Ih current carried by HCN isoforms following cAMP elevation, whereas the voltage shift was retained following deletion of HCN3, consistent with the sensitivity of HCN2 but not HCN3 to cAMP. Deletion of HCN3 had little effect on the evoked firing frequency in small neurons but enhanced the firing of medium-sized neurons, showing that HCN3 makes a significant contribution to the input resistance only in medium-sized neurons. Genetic deletion of HCN3 had no effect on acute thresholds to heat or mechanical stimuli in vivo and did not affect inflammatory pain measured with the formalin test. Nerve-injured HCN3 knockout mice exhibited similar levels of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia to wild-type mice but reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in response to a pinprick. These results show that HCN3 makes some contribution to excitability, particularly in medium-sized neurons, although it has no major influence on acute or neuropathic pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lainez
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Research, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Biel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Center for Drug Research, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter A McNaughton
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Research, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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33
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Yampolsky P, Koenen M, Mosqueira M, Geschwill P, Nauck S, Witzenberger M, Seyler C, Fink T, Kruska M, Bruehl C, Schwoerer AP, Ehmke H, Fink RHA, Draguhn A, Thomas D, Katus HA, Schweizer PA. Augmentation of myocardial I f dysregulates calcium homeostasis and causes adverse cardiac remodeling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3295. [PMID: 31337768 PMCID: PMC6650438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HCN channels underlie the depolarizing funny current (If) that contributes importantly to cardiac pacemaking. If is upregulated in failing and infarcted hearts, but its implication in disease mechanisms remained unresolved. We generated transgenic mice (HCN4tg/wt) to assess functional consequences of HCN4 overexpression-mediated If increase in cardiomyocytes to levels observed in human heart failure. HCN4tg/wt animals exhibit a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype with increased cellular arrhythmogenicity but unchanged heart rate and conduction parameters. If augmentation induces a diastolic Na+ influx shifting the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger equilibrium towards 'reverse mode' leading to increased [Ca2+]i. Changed Ca2+ homeostasis results in significantly higher systolic [Ca2+]i transients and stimulates apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of If prevents the rise of [Ca2+]i and protects from ventricular remodeling. Here we report that augmented myocardial If alters intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis leading to structural cardiac changes and increased arrhythmogenicity. Inhibition of myocardial If per se may constitute a therapeutic mechanism to prevent cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pessah Yampolsky
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Koenen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matias Mosqueira
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Geschwill
- Division of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Nauck
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Witzenberger
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Seyler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fink
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathieu Kruska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Bruehl
- Division of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander P Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heimo Ehmke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Division of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Division of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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34
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Lussier Y, Fürst O, Fortea E, Leclerc M, Priolo D, Moeller L, Bichet DG, Blunck R, D'Avanzo N. Disease-linked mutations alter the stoichiometries of HCN-KCNE2 complexes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9113. [PMID: 31235733 PMCID: PMC6591248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The four hyperpolarization-activated cylic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channel isoforms and their auxiliary subunit KCNE2 are important in the regulation of peripheral and central neuronal firing and the heartbeat. Disruption of their normal function has been implicated in cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral pain, and epilepsy. However, molecular details of the HCN-KCNE2 complexes are unknown. Using single-molecule subunit counting, we determined that the number of KCNE2 subunits in complex with the pore-forming subunits of human HCN channels differs with each HCN isoform and is dynamic with respect to concentration. These interactions can be altered by KCNE2 gene-variants with functional implications. The results provide an additional consideration necessary to understand heart rhythm, pain, and epileptic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Lussier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Oliver Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eva Fortea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Leclerc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dimitri Priolo
- Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lena Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rikard Blunck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Physics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nazzareno D'Avanzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Katsi V, Skalis G, Kallistratos MS, Tsioufis K, Makris T, Manolis AJ, Tousoulis D. Ivabradine and metoprolol in fixed dose combination: When, why and how to use it. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104279. [PMID: 31108185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate is an important factor in coronary artery disease and its manifestations, and as such has been considered as a possible target for therapy. Although in epidemiological, and in less degree, in clinical studies derived indications of a possible pathogenetic role of heart rate in major cardiac diseases, clinical trials did not provided any strong evidence. However, even as a simple risk marker, remains important in the treatment of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Beta-blockers are the drugs most frequently used for heart rate control. However, recent studies constantly find insufficient effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart rate control and go further to question their efficacy on outcomes, making clear the need for an additional therapy. Ivabradine, a pure heart rate inhibitor, added to classic beta-blocker treatment represent the new therapeutic option in stable coronary disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Katsi
- Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G Skalis
- Department of Cardiology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M S Kallistratos
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - K Tsioufis
- Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - T Makris
- Department of Cardiology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A J Manolis
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - D Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Rivera-Meza M. The Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Ion Channels in the Rewarding Effects of Ethanol. NEUROSCIENCE OF ALCOHOL 2019:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813125-1.00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Dini L, Del Lungo M, Resta F, Melchiorre M, Spinelli V, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Laurino A, Sartiani L, Coppini R, Mannaioni G, Cerbai E, Romanelli MN. Selective Blockade of HCN1/HCN2 Channels as a Potential Pharmacological Strategy Against Pain. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1252. [PMID: 30467478 PMCID: PMC6237106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent role of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels has been suggested based on their expression and (dys)function in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, being likely involved in peripheral nociception. Using HCN blockers as antinociceptive drugs is prevented by the widespread distribution of these channels. However, tissue-specific expression of HCN isoforms varies significantly, HCN1 and HCN2 being considered as major players in DRG excitability. We characterized the pharmacological effect of a novel compound, MEL55A, able to block selectively HCN1/HCN2 isoforms, on DRG neuron excitability in-vitro and for its antiallodynic properties in-vivo. HEK293 cells expressing HCN1, HCN2, or HCN4 isoforms were used to verify drug selectivity. The pharmacological profile of MEL55A was tested on mouse DRG neurons by patch-clamp recordings, and in-vivo in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy by means of thermal hypersensitivity. Results were compared to the non-isoform-selective drug, ivabradine. MEL55A showed a marked preference toward HCN1 and HCN2 isoforms expressed in HEK293, with respect to HCN4. In cultured DRG, MEL55A reduced I h amplitude, both in basic conditions and after stimulation by forskolin, and cell excitability, its effect being quantitatively similar to that observed with ivabradine. MEL55A was able to relieve chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. In conclusion, selective blockade of HCN1/HCN2 channels, over HCN4 isoform, was able to modulate electrophysiological properties of DRG neurons similarly to that reported for classical I h blockers, ivabradine, resulting in a pain-relieving activity. The availability of small molecules with selectivity toward HCN channel isoforms involved in nociception might represent a safe and effective strategy against chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Dini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Del Lungo
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Resta
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Melchiorre
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annunziatina Laurino
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Investigation of Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes: Strengths and Limitations. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:325-344. [PMID: 28721524 PMCID: PMC5550530 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the identification of genetic defects underlying inherited arrhythmia syndromes, which has provided some clinical benefit through elucidation of gene-specific arrhythmia triggers and treatment. However, for most arrhythmia syndromes, clinical management is hindered by insufficient knowledge of the functional consequences of the mutation in question, the pro-arrhythmic mechanisms involved, and hence the most optimal treatment strategy. Moreover, disease expressivity and sensitivity to therapeutic interventions often varies between mutations and/or patients, underlining the need for more individualized strategies. The development of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology now provides the opportunity for generating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human material (hiPSC-CMs), enabling patient- and/or mutation-specific investigations. These hiPSC-CMs may furthermore be employed for identification and assessment of novel therapeutic strategies for arrhythmia syndromes. However, due to their relative immaturity, hiPSC-CMs also display a number of essential differences as compared to adult human CMs, and hence there are certain limitations in their use. We here review the electrophysiological characteristics of hiPSC-CMs, their use for investigating inherited arrhythmia syndromes, and their applicability for identification and assessment of (novel) anti-arrhythmic treatment strategies.
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Badu-Boateng C, Jennings R, Hammersley D. The therapeutic role of ivabradine in heart failure. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2018; 9:199-207. [PMID: 30364460 DOI: 10.1177/2040622318784556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure represents a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. Ivabradine is a selective funny current (If) inhibitor, which acts on the sinoatrial node, resulting in a reduction in heart rate. Ivabradine is currently licensed for use in patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and a heart rate persistently at least 70 beats per minute in spite of otherwise optimal prognostic heart failure pharmacotherapy. In this review article, we examine the mechanism of action of ivabradine, evaluate the clinical trials underpinning its application in heart failure and discuss its current recommended clinical use in this capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Jennings
- Department of Medicine, Frimley Park Hospital, Frimley, Camberley, UK
| | - Daniel Hammersley
- Department of Cardiology, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Spinelli V, Sartiani L, Mugelli A, Romanelli MN, Cerbai E. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels: pathophysiological, developmental, and pharmacological insights into their function in cellular excitability. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:977-984. [PMID: 29969572 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) proteins are voltage-dependent ion channels, conducting both Na+ and K+, blocked by millimolar concentrations of extracellular Cs+ and modulated by cyclic nucleotides (mainly cAMP) that contribute crucially to the pacemaker activity in cardiac nodal cells and subsidiary pacemakers. Over the last decades, much attention has focused on HCN current, If, in non-pacemaker cardiac cells and its potential role in triggering arrhythmias. In fact, in addition to pacemakers, HCN current is constitutively present in the human atria and has long been proposed to sustain atrial arrhythmias associated to different cardiac pathologies or triggered by various modulatory signals (catecholamines, serotonin, natriuretic peptides). An atypical If occurs in diseased ventricular cardiomyocytes, its amplitude being linearly related to the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. The properties of atrial and ventricular If and its modulation by pharmacological interventions has been object of intense study, including the synthesis and characterization of new compounds able to block preferentially HCN1, HCN2, or HCN4 isoforms. Altogether, clues emerge for opportunities of future pharmacological strategies exploiting the unique properties of this channel family: the prevalence of different HCN subtypes in organs and tissues, the possibility to target HCN gain- or loss-of-function associated with disease, the feasibility of novel isoform-selective drugs, as well as the discovery of HCN-mediated effects for old medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mugelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Sartiani L, Mannaioni G, Masi A, Novella Romanelli M, Cerbai E. The Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels: from Biophysics to Pharmacology of a Unique Family of Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:354-395. [PMID: 28878030 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are important members of the voltage-gated pore loop channels family. They show unique features: they open at hyperpolarizing potential, carry a mixed Na/K current, and are regulated by cyclic nucleotides. Four different isoforms have been cloned (HCN1-4) that can assemble to form homo- or heterotetramers, characterized by different biophysical properties. These proteins are widely distributed throughout the body and involved in different physiologic processes, the most important being the generation of spontaneous electrical activity in the heart and the regulation of synaptic transmission in the brain. Their role in heart rate, neuronal pacemaking, dendritic integration, learning and memory, and visual and pain perceptions has been extensively studied; these channels have been found also in some peripheral tissues, where their functions still need to be fully elucidated. Genetic defects and altered expression of HCN channels are linked to several pathologies, which makes these proteins attractive targets for translational research; at the moment only one drug (ivabradine), which specifically blocks the hyperpolarization-activated current, is clinically available. This review discusses current knowledge about HCN channels, starting from their biophysical properties, origin, and developmental features, to (patho)physiologic role in different tissues and pharmacological modulation, ending with their present and future relevance as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child Health, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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43
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Zhao X, Gu T. Dysfunctional Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Ion Channels in Cardiac Diseases. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 31:203-6. [PMID: 27556324 PMCID: PMC5062718 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20160030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are reverse
voltage-dependent, and their activation depends on the hyperpolarization of the
membrane and may be directly or indirectly regulated by the cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) or other signal-transduction cascades. The distribution,
quantity and activation states of HCN channels differ in tissues throughout the
body. Evidence exhibits that HCN channels play critical roles in the generation
and conduction of the electrical impulse and the physiopathological process of
some cardiac diseases. They may constitute promising drug targets in the
treatment of these cardiac diseases. Pharmacological treatment targeting HCN
channels is of benefit to these cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery ICU, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxiang Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery ICU, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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44
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Ionic mechanisms of the action of anaesthetics on sinoatrial node automaticity. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ding C, Yang C, Cao Q, Zhu X, Zhang J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Li L. Effect of mHCN2 gene modification on chronotropic relevant receptors in BMSCs co-cultured with atrial myocytes. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2108-2116. [PMID: 28962131 PMCID: PMC5609193 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism of the chronotropic ability of stem cells modified to express the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) gene remains to be elucidated. The present study assessed the effects of mouse (m)HCN2 gene modification on the expression of chronotropic relevant receptors, adrenergic receptor β1 (Adrb1) and cholinergic receptor muscarinic M2 (Chrm2), in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) co-cultured with atrial myocytes. BMSCs were divided into the following four groups: i) BMSCs transfected with the mHCN2 gene and co-cultured with atrial myocytes for 48 h (TF + CO); ii) respective transfection (TF); iii) respective co-culture (CO); and iv) the control group without treatment (CTL). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was observed in the BMSCs 48 h after transfection with pEGFP-C1-mHCN2. The expression of Adrb1 and Chrm2 was significantly increased in the TF and TF + CO groups, particularly the TF + CO group, compared with the CTL group (P<0.05). This suggests that BMSCs modified to express the mHCN2 gene possess autorhythmicity and chronotropic ability, particularly when co-cultured with atrial myocytes. The results of the present study provide novel information regarding the molecular basis of biological pacemakers' chronotropic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Quanxia Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Wang
- Catheter Intervention Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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Kane C, Terracciano CMN. Concise Review: Criteria for Chamber-Specific Categorization of Human Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1881-1897. [PMID: 28577296 PMCID: PMC5575566 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (PSC‐CMs) have great potential application in almost all areas of cardiovascular research. A current major goal of the field is to build on the past success of differentiation strategies to produce CMs with the properties of those originating from the different chambers of the adult human heart. With no anatomical origin or developmental pathway to draw on, the question of how to judge the success of such approaches and assess the chamber specificity of PSC‐CMs has become increasingly important; commonly used methods have substantial limitations and are based on limited evidence to form such an assessment. In this article, we discuss the need for chamber‐specific PSC‐CMs in a number of areas as well as current approaches used to assess these cells on their likeness to those from different chambers of the heart. Furthermore, describing in detail the structural and functional features that distinguish the different chamber‐specific human adult cardiac myocytes, we propose an evidence‐based tool to aid investigators in the phenotypic characterization of differentiated PSC‐CMs. Stem Cells2017;35:1881–1897
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kane
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M N Terracciano
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, BHF Centre for Regenerative Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Xiao Y, Cai X, Atkinson A, Logantha SJ, Boyett M, Dobrzynski H. Expression of connexin 43, ion channels and Ca 2+-handling proteins in rat pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3233-3241. [PMID: 27882143 PMCID: PMC5103779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF is thought to be triggered by ectopic beats, originating primarily in the myocardial sleeves surrounding the pulmonary veins (PVs). The mechanisms underlying these cardiac arrhythmias remain unclear. To investigate this, frozen sections of heart and lung tissue from adult rats without arrhythmia were obtained in different planes, stained with Masson's trichrome, and immunolabeled for connexin 43 (Cx43), caveolin-3 (Cav3), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4), Nav1.5, Kir2.1, and the calcium handling proteins sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). Transverse sections offered the best view of the majority of the PVs in the tissue samples. Cx43 was observed to be expressed throughout the atria, excluding the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and in the myocardial sleeves of the PVs. In contrast, HCN4 was only expressed in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. The immunodensity of Cav3, Nav1.5, Kir2.1, SERCA2a and RyR2 in the PVs imaged was similar to that in atria. The results suggest that in the absence of arrhythmia, the investigated molecular properties of the ion channels of rat PV cardiomyocytes resemble those of the working myocardium. This indicates that ectopic beats originating in the myocardial sleeves of the PVs occur only under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Sunil Jit Logantha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mark Boyett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in defining the genetic architecture of atrial fibrillation (AF). This has in part been driven by poor understanding of the pathophysiology of AF, limitations of current therapies and failure to target therapies to the underlying mechanisms. AREAS COVERED Genetic approaches to AF have identified mutations encoding cardiac ion channels, and signaling proteins linked with AF and genome-wide association studies have uncovered common genetic variants modulating AF risk. These studies have provided important insights into the underlying mechanisms of AF and defined responses to therapies. Common AF-risk alleles at the chromosome 4q25 locus modulate response to antiarrhythmic drugs, electrical cardioversion and catheter ablation. While the translation of these discoveries to the bedside care of individual patients has been limited, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that genotype-directed approaches that target the underlying mechanisms of AF may not only improve therapeutic efficacy but also minimize adverse effects. Expert commentary: There is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials that are genotype-based for the treatment of AF. Nonetheless, emerging data suggest that selecting therapies for AF that are genotype-directed may soon be upon us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Huang
- a Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Dawood Darbar
- a Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Tibbs GR, Posson DJ, Goldstein PA. Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in the PNS: Novel Therapies for Neuropathic Pain? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:522-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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He W, Zhang J, Gan T, Xu G, Tang B. Expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel isoforms in a canine model of atrial fibrillation. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:433-436. [PMID: 27347074 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of atrial hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel isoforms in the left atrial muscle of dogs with multiple organ failure. A total of 14 beagle dogs with multiple organ failure, including seven cases with sinus rhythm and seven cases with atrial fibrillation (AF), underwent surgery to remove a sample of left atrial appendage tissue. The expression levels of a number of HCN channel subtypes were subsequently measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HCN2 and HCN4 increased significantly in the AF group when compared with the sinus rhythm group. However, expression of the HCN1 isoform was not detected. Therefore, increased expression levels of HCN2 and HCN4 may be important molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AF, which were associated with differences in patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Pacing Electrophysiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Pacing Electrophysiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Gan
- Pacing Electrophysiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Xu
- Pacing Electrophysiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Pacing Electrophysiology Division, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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