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Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Marques ILS, Cau S, Carvalho FA, Fraga JR, Alvarez-Leite JI, Roman-Campos D, Cruz JS. Electrocontractile remodeling of isolated cardiomyocytes induced during early-stage hypercholesterolemia. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:373-387. [PMID: 38869808 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-024-10026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, it is mostly associated with vascular dysfunction and atherosclerotic lesions, while evidence of direct effects of hypercholesterolemia on cardiomyocytes and heart function is still incomplete and controversial. In this study, we assessed the direct effects of hypercholesterolemia on heart function and the electro-contractile properties of isolated cardiomyocytes. After 5 weeks, male Swiss mice fed with AIN-93 diet added with 1.25% cholesterol (CHO), developed an increase in total serum cholesterol levels and cardiomyocytes cholesterol content. These changes led to altered electrocardiographic records, with a shortening of the QT interval. Isolated cardiomyocytes displayed a shortening of the action potential duration with increased rate of depolarization, which was explained by increased IK, reduced ICa.L and altered INa voltage-dependent inactivation. Also, reduced diastolic [Ca2+]i was found with preserved adrenergic response and cellular contraction function. However, contraction of isolated hearts is impaired in isolated CHO hearts, before and after ischemia/reperfusion, although CHO heart was less susceptible to arrhythmic contractions. Overall, our results demonstrate that early hypercholesterolemia-driven increase in cellular cholesterol content is associated with direct modulation of the heart and cardiomyocytes' excitability, Ca2+ handling, and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan Lobo Sousa Marques
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stefany Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia R Fraga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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Förster CY, Künzel SR, Shityakov S, Stavrakis S. Synergistic Effects of Weight Loss and Catheter Ablation: Can microRNAs Serve as Predictive Biomarkers for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4689. [PMID: 38731908 PMCID: PMC11083177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In atrial fibrillation (AF), multifactorial pathologic atrial alterations are manifested by structural and electrophysiological changes known as atrial remodeling. AF frequently develops in the context of underlying cardiac abnormalities. A critical mechanistic role played by atrial stretch is played by abnormal substrates in a number of conditions that predispose to AF, including obesity, heart failure, hypertension, and sleep apnea. The significant role of overweight and obesity in the development of AF is known; however, the differential effect of overweight, obesity, cardiovascular comorbidities, lifestyle, and other modifiable risk factors on the occurrence and recurrence of AF remains to be determined. Reverse remodeling of the atrial substrate and subsequent reduction in the AF burden by conversion into a typical sinus rhythm has been associated with weight loss through lifestyle changes or surgery. This makes it an essential pillar in the management of AF in obese patients. According to recently published research, microRNAs (miRs) may function as post-transcriptional regulators of genes involved in atrial remodeling, potentially contributing to the pathophysiology of AF. The focus of this review is on their modulation by both weight loss and catheter ablation interventions to counteract atrial remodeling in AF. Our analysis outlines the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the synergistic effects of weight loss and catheter ablation (CA) in reversing atrial electrical and structural remodeling in AF onset and in recurrent post-ablation AF by attenuating pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, arrhythmogenic, and male-sex-associated hypertrophic remodeling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the promising role of miRs with prognostic potential as predictive biomarkers in guiding approaches to AF recurrence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Y. Förster
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stephan R. Künzel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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3
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Hsu LA, Yeh YH, Chang CJ, Chen WJ, Tsai HY, Chang GJ. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Deficiency, Obesity, and Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility: Unraveling the Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2186. [PMID: 38396862 PMCID: PMC10888587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), characterized by structural remodeling involving atrial myocardial degradation and fibrosis, is linked with obesity and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) deficiency, highly prevalent in East Asian people, is paradoxically associated with a lower AF risk. This study investigated the impact of ALDH2 deficiency on diet-induced obesity and AF vulnerability in mice, exploring potential compensatory upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Wild-type (WT) and ALDH2*2 knock-in (KI) mice were administered a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Despite heightened levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) post HFD, the ALDH2*2 KI mice did not exhibit a greater propensity for AF compared to the WT controls. The ALDH2*2 KI mice showed equivalent myofibril degradation in cardiomyocytes compared to WT after chronic HFD consumption, indicating suppressed ALDH2 production in the WT mice. Atrial fibrosis did not proportionally increase with TGF-β1 expression in ALDH2*2 KI mice, suggesting compensatory upregulation of the Nrf2 and HO-1 pathway, attenuating fibrosis. In summary, ALDH2 deficiency did not heighten AF susceptibility in obesity, highlighting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation as an adaptive mechanism. Despite limitations, these findings reveal a complex molecular interplay, providing insights into the paradoxical AF-ALDH2 relationship in the setting of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (W.-J.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (W.-J.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Chi-Jen Chang
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (W.-J.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (W.-J.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Tsai
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (C.-J.C.); (W.-J.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan;
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4
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Iwamiya S, Ihara K, Furukawa T, Sasano T. Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates atrial conduction disturbance and electrophysiological heterogeneity with ameliorating fibrosis in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1341601. [PMID: 38312235 PMCID: PMC10834649 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1341601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sacubitril/valsartan (SacVal) has been shown to improve the prognosis of heart failure; however, whether SacVal reduces the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether SacVal is effective in reducing the occurrence of AF in heart failure and identify the underlying mechanism of its electrophysiological effect in mice. Methods Adult male mice underwent transverse aortic constriction, followed by SacVal, valsartan, or vehicle treatment for two weeks. Electrophysiological study (EPS) and optical mapping were performed to assess the susceptibility to AF and the atrial conduction properties, and fibrosis was investigated using heart tissue and isolated cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Results EPS analysis revealed that AF was significantly less inducible in SacVal-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice. Optical mapping of the atrium showed that SacVal-treated and valsartan-treated mice restored the prolonged action potential duration (APD); however, only SacVal-treated mice showed the restoration of decreased conduction velocity (CV) compared to vehicle-treated mice. In addition, the electrophysiological distribution analysis demonstrated that heterogeneous electrophysiological properties were rate-dependent and increased heterogeneity was closely related to the susceptibility to AF. SacVal attenuated the increased heterogeneity of CV at short pacing cycle length in atria, whereas Val could not. Histological and molecular evaluation showed that SacVal exerted the anti-fibrotic effect on the atria. An in vitro study of CFs treated with natriuretic peptides and LBQ657, the metabolite and active form of sacubitril, revealed that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) combined with LBQ657 had an additional anti-fibrotic effect on CFs. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that SacVal can improve the conduction disturbance and heterogeneity through the attenuation of fibrosis in murine atria and reduce the susceptibility of AF in heart failure with pressure overload, which might be attributed to the enhanced function of CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Martino E, D’Onofrio N, Balestrieri A, Colloca A, Anastasio C, Sardu C, Marfella R, Campanile G, Balestrieri ML. Dietary Epigenetic Modulators: Unravelling the Still-Controversial Benefits of miRNAs in Nutrition and Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:160. [PMID: 38201989 PMCID: PMC10780859 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of nutrient-driven epigenetic alterations, food-derived miRNAs can be absorbed into the circulatory system and organs of recipients, especially humans, and potentially contribute to modulating health and diseases. Evidence suggests that food uptake, by carrying exogenous miRNAs (xenomiRNAs), regulates the individual miRNA profile, modifying the redox homeostasis and inflammatory conditions underlying pathological processes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. The capacity of diet to control miRNA levels and the comprehension of the unique characteristics of dietary miRNAs in terms of gene expression regulation show important perspectives as a strategy to control disease susceptibility via epigenetic modifications and refine the clinical outcomes. However, the absorption, stability, availability, and epigenetic roles of dietary miRNAs are intriguing and currently the subject of intense debate; additionally, there is restricted knowledge of their physiological and potential side effects. Within this framework, we provided up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge on dietary miRNAs' potential, discussing the latest advances and controversial issues related to the role of miRNAs in human health and disease as modulators of chronic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Nunzia D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Anna Balestrieri
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Antonino Colloca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Camilla Anastasio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (E.M.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (M.L.B.)
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6
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McElhanon KE, Huff TC, Hirenallur-Shanthappa D, Miller RA, Christoforou N. Increased circulating progranulin is not sufficient to induce cardiac dysfunction or supraventricular arrhythmia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21541. [PMID: 38057339 PMCID: PMC10700350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and the incidence of new-onset AF has been increasing over the past two decades. Several factors contribute to the risk of developing AF including age, preexisting cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and obesity. Concurrent with the rise in AF, obesity has followed the same two-decade trend. The contribution of circulating proteins to obesity-related AF is of particular interest in the field. In this study, we investigated the effects of increased circulating levels of the glycoprotein progranulin on the development of supraventricular arrhythmias and changes to cardiac function. AAV8-mediated overexpression of full-length mouse progranulin was used to increase plasma protein levels and determine susceptibility to supraventricular arrhythmias and changes in cardiac structure and function. C57Bl/6N mice were subjected to increased circulating levels of progranulin for 20 weeks. Cardiac conduction was evaluated by surface ECG with and without isoproterenol challenge, and cardiac structure and function were measured by echocardiography after 20 weeks of circulating progranulin overexpression. Increased circulating levels of progranulin were maintained throughout the 20-week study. The cardiac structure and function remained unchanged in mice with increased circulating progranulin. ECG indices (P wave duration, P amplitude, QRS interval) were unaffected by increased progranulin levels and no arrhythmogenic events were observed following the isoproterenol challenge. In our model, increased levels of circulating progranulin were not sufficient to induce changes in cardiac structure and function or elicit ECG abnormalities suggestive of susceptibility to supraventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E McElhanon
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler C Huff
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Russell A Miller
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas Christoforou
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
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7
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Rivera J, Sharma B, Torres MM, Kumar S. Factors affecting the GABAergic synapse function in Alzheimer's disease: Focus on microRNAs. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102123. [PMID: 37967653 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disease characterized by the loss of cognitive function, confusion, and memory deficit. Accumulation of abnormal proteins, amyloid beta (Aß), and phosphorylated Tau (p-tau) forms plaques and tangles that deteriorate synapse function, resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD. The human brain is composed of different types of neurons and/or synapses that are functionally defective in AD. The GABAergic synapse, the most abundant inhibitory neuron in the human brain was found to be dysfunctional in AD and contributes to disrupting neurological function. This study explored the types of GABA receptors associated with neurological dysfunction and various biological and environmental factors that cause GABAergic neuron dysfunction in AD, such as Aβ, p-tau, aging, sex, astrocytes, microglia, APOE, mental disorder, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Furthermore, we explored the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of GABAergic synapse function in neurological disorders and AD states. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying GABAergic synapse dysfunction with a focus on miR-27b, miR-30a, miR-190a/b, miR-33, miR-51, miR-129-5p, miR-376-3p, miR-376c, miR-30b and miR-502-3p. The purpose of our article is to highlight the recent research on miRNAs affecting the regulation of GABAergic synapse function and factors that contribute to the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Rivera
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bhupender Sharma
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Melissa M Torres
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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8
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Wells SP, Raaijmakers AJ, Curl CL, O’Shea C, Hayes S, Mellor KM, Kalman JM, Kirchhof P, Pavlovic D, Delbridge LM, Bell JR. Localized cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation is associated with slowed epicardial conduction in rats. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213296. [PMID: 37787979 PMCID: PMC10547601 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmural action potential duration differences and transmural conduction gradients aid the synchronization of left ventricular repolarization, reducing vulnerability to transmural reentry and arrhythmias. A high-fat diet and the associated accumulation of pericardial adipose tissue are linked with conduction slowing and greater arrhythmia vulnerability. It is predicted that cardiac adiposity may more readily influence epicardial conduction (versus endocardial) and disrupt normal transmural activation/repolarization gradients. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether transmural conduction gradients are modified in a rat model of pericardial adiposity. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control/high-fat diets for 15 wk. Left ventricular 300 µm tangential slices were generated from the endocardium to the epicardium, and conduction was mapped using microelectrode arrays. Slices were then histologically processed to assess fibrosis and cardiomyocyte lipid status. Conduction velocity was significantly greater in epicardial versus endocardial slices in control rats, supporting the concept of a transmural conduction gradient. High-fat diet feeding increased pericardial adiposity and abolished the transmural conduction gradient. Slowed epicardial conduction in epicardial slices strongly correlated with an increase in cardiomyocyte lipid content, but not fibrosis. The positive transmural conduction gradient reported here represents a physiological property of the ventricular activation sequence that likely protects against reentry. The absence of this gradient, secondary to conduction slowing and cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation, specifically in the epicardium, indicates a novel mechanism by which pericardial adiposity may exacerbate ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Wells
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Claire L. Curl
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Hayes
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Kimberley M. Mellor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M. Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Sciences (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lea M.D. Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James R. Bell
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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9
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Schram Serban C, de Groot NMS. Impact of Obesity on Atrial Electrophysiological Substrate. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:342. [PMID: 37623355 PMCID: PMC10455641 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Obesity is a well-established worldwide recognised risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Prior review papers reported on the associations between obesity and AF development, but not on the relation between obesity and atrial electrophysiology. We therefore conducted a systematic review to describe the current knowledge of the characteristics of the atrial electrophysiological substrate in obese individuals and how they relate to the development of AF. (2) Methods. A search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications evaluating the impact of obesity on atrial electrophysiology, electrical substrates, and their relation to the development of AF. (3) Results. A systematic literature search retrieved 477 potential publications based on the inclusion criteria; 76 full-text articles were selected for the present systematic review. The literature demonstrated that obesity predisposes to not only a higher AF incidence but also to more extensive atrial electrophysiological abnormalities increasing susceptibility to AF development. (4) Conclusion. Obesity may predispose to an overall increase in atrial electropathology, consisting of an increase in the slowing of the conduction, conduction block, low-voltage areas, and complex fractionated electrograms. To determine the impact of obesity-induced atrial electrical abnormalities on the long-term clinical outcome, further prospective studies are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Schram Serban
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Natasja M. S. de Groot
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Microelectronics, Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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10
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Sakai E, Imaizumi T, Suzuki R, Taracena-Gándara M, Fujimoto T, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. miR-27b targets MAIP1 to mediate lipid accumulation in cultured human and mouse hepatic cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:669. [PMID: 37355744 PMCID: PMC10290684 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition caused by excessive fat accumulation in the liver and developed via multiple pathways. miR-27b has been suggested to play crucial roles in the development of NAFLD, assuming via targeting genes involved in lipid catabolism and anabolism. However, other pathways regulated by miR-27b are largely unknown. Here we show that lipid accumulation was induced in miR-27b-transfected human and mouse hepatic cells and that knockdowns of three miR-27b-target genes, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 3 (B4GALT3), matrix AAA peptidase interacting protein 1 (MAIP1) and PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2), induced lipid accumulation. We also show that B4GALT3 and MAIP1 were direct targets of miR-27b and overexpression of MAIP1 ameliorated miR-27b-induced lipid accumulation. In addition, we show that hepatic Maip1 expression declined in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting the involvement of decreased Maip1 expression in the condition of fatty liver. Overall, we identified MAIP1/miR-27b axis as a mediator of hepatic lipid accumulation, a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ruruka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Marcos Taracena-Gándara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Global Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Wu F, Zhang P, Zhou G. The involvement of EGR1 in neuron apoptosis in the in vitro model of spinal cord injury via BTG2 up-regulation. Neurol Res 2023; 45:646-654. [PMID: 36759943 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2176633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EGR1 has been implicated in the progression of spinal cord injury (SCI). Nevertheless, its specific mechanism in SCI remains to be investigated. Hence, this study explored the potential mechanism of EGR1 in SCI by focusing on neuron apoptosis. METHODS H2O2 was utilized to treat rat neurons-dorsal spinal cord (RN-dsc) for the construction of an in vitro model of SCI. Afterwards, cell survival, apoptosis, and LDH leakage were detected to evaluate the injury degree of H2O2-treated RN-dsc. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was also measured. Additionally, EGR1 was silenced and/or BTG2 was overexpressed in RN-dsc before H2O2 treatment to assess the impacts of EGR1 and BTG2 on H2O2-induced RN-dsc. Jasper online website was utilized to predict binding sites of EGR1 on BTG2, and dual-luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were utilized to verify the binding between EGR1 and BTG2. RESULTS H2O2 treatment suppressed survival and promoted apoptosis in RN-dsc, accompanied by upregulated LDH, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2. Moreover, EGR1 and BTG2 were up-regulated in H2O2-induced RN-dsc. Mechanistically, EGR1 was bound to the promoter of BTG2 to transcriptionally activate BTG2. EGR1 knockdown diminished apoptosis and LDH, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels while elevating survival and Bcl-2 levels in H2O2-induced RN-dsc. These effects of EGR1 knockdown were abrogated by further BTG2 overexpression. DISCUSSION Conclusively, EGR1 promotes H2O2-induced apoptosis in RN-dsc by activating BTG2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Jiangxi Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics (Spine Surgery), Jiangxi Fuzhou First People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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12
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Weight loss and atrial fibrillation: a review. Curr Opin Cardiol 2023; 38:6-10. [PMID: 36598444 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite technological advancements in catheter ablation, patients with atrial fibrillation often require multiple ablations, with diminishing returns depending on duration and persistence. Although early ablation is vital, modification of atrial fibrillation disease can be achieved with modification of existing risk factors. Obesity is an important modifiable risk factor, but there does not appear to be a consensus on the best method or goal for weight reduction. RECENT FINDINGS The relationship between atrial fibrillation and obesity has been acknowledged. This review examines the clinical evidence demonstrating the benefit of weight reduction in the management of atrial fibrillation. In particular, this review compares the different approaches of recent studies. SUMMARY On the basis of the literature, the authors recommend a structured weight loss programme with dietary and behavioural modifications individualized to each patient and including the implementation of physical activity. Consideration of bariatric surgery is appropriate in certain patients with obesity.
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Xiao Z, Xie Y, Huang F, Yang J, Liu X, Lin X, Zhu P, Zheng S. MicroRNA-205-5p plays a suppressive role in the high-fat diet-induced atrial fibrosis through regulation of the EHMT2/IGFBP3 axis. GENES & NUTRITION 2022; 17:11. [PMID: 35858845 PMCID: PMC9297569 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-022-00712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) targeting has been revealed to be an appealing strategy for the treatment and management of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this research, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of miR-205-5p in reducing the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atrial fibrosis through the EHMT2/IGFBP3 axis. Methods Expression levels of miR-205-5p, IGFBP3 and EHMT2 were determined in AF patients, cell fibrosis models and mouse atrial fibrosis models. Luciferase activity and RIP assays were performed to detect the binding between miR-205-5p and EHMT2, and ChIP assays were implemented to detect the enrichment of H3K9me2 and H3K4me3 in the promoter region of IGFBP3 in cells. The related experiments focusing on the inflammatory response, atrial fibrosis, mitochondrial damage, and metabolic abnormalities were performed to figure out the roles of miR-205-5p, IGFBP3, and EHMT2 in cell and mouse atrial fibrosis models. Results Low expression levels of miR-205-5p and IGFBP3 and a high expression of EHMT2 were found in AF patients, cell fibrosis models and mouse atrial fibrosis models. Upregulation of miR-205-5p reduced the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, Col III and other fibrosis-related proteins. miR-205-5p overexpression targeted EHMT2 to regulate the methylation of H3 histones to promote IGFBP3 expression, which in turn affected the fibrosis of atrial muscle cells. In HFD-induced atrial fibrosis mice, upregulated miR-205-5p or elevated IGFBP3 alleviated atrial fibrosis, mitochondrial damage, and metabolic abnormalities. Conclusion This study suggests that miR-205-5p attenuates HFD-induced atrial fibrosis via modulating the EHMT2/IGFBP3 axis. Graphical Abstract miR-205-5p alleviates high-fat diet-induced atrial fibrosis in mice via EHMT2/IGFBP3. ![]()
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14
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Bapat A, Li G, Xiao L, Yeri A, Hulsmans M, Grune J, Yamazoe M, Schloss MJ, Iwamoto Y, Tedeschi J, Yang X, Nahrendorf M, Rosenzweig A, Ellinor PT, Das S, Milan D. Genetic inhibition of serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 prevents obesity-related atrial fibrillation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160885. [PMID: 35998035 PMCID: PMC9675459 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but a better mechanistic understanding of obesity-related atrial fibrillation is required. Serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) is a kinase positioned within multiple obesity-related pathways, and prior work has shown a pathologic role of SGK1 signaling in ventricular arrhythmias. We validated a mouse model of obesity-related AF using wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet. RNA sequencing of atrial tissue demonstrated substantial differences in gene expression, with enrichment of multiple SGK1-related pathways, and we showed upregulated of SGK1 transcription, activation, and signaling in obese atria. Mice expressing a cardiac specific dominant-negative SGK1 were protected from obesity-related AF, through effects on atrial electrophysiology, action potential characteristics, structural remodeling, inflammation, and sodium current. Overall, this study demonstrates the promise of targeting SGK1 in a mouse model of obesity-related AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Bapat
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maarten Hulsmans
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jana Grune
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maximilian J. Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Tedeschi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Fangshan Hospital of Beijing, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Leducq Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Hydroalcoholic Extract of Sechium edule Fruits Attenuates QT Prolongation in High Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8682316. [PMID: 35860000 PMCID: PMC9293576 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8682316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Sechium edule (S.E.) fruits on lipid profile and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in high fat-diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemic mice. In this study, grouping of animals was done as described below (n = 6), where group 1 is normal control, group 2 is HFD control, group 3 is HFD + atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), group 4 is HFD + S.E. extract (200 mg/kg), and group 5 is HFD + S.E. extract (400 mg/kg). The first 3 weeks animals were supplemented with HFD, and the last 3 weeks animals were supplemented with HFD along with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) or S.E. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg). It was observed that mice of the HFD control group showed a significant rise in the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and VLDL-C levels and a notable decrease in HDL-C levels. In addition, a consequential increment in ECG parameters such as QT or QTc and RR interval and a noteworthy decline in the heart rate were observed in HFD control mice. Treatment with S.E. extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant improvement in the lipid profile. Moreover, the extract also significantly normalized the prolonged QT or QTc and RR interval and the heart rate in HFD-challenged mice. Hence, we can conclude that S.E. extract encumbers the prolongation of QT or QTc and RR interval and increased the heart rate in HFD-challenged mice.
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Yang HJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Zhang JJ, Huang H. Shensong Yangxin attenuates metabolic syndrome-induced atrial fibrillation via inhibition of ferroportin-mediated intracellular iron overload. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154086. [PMID: 35421806 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine been widely used clinically to treat various arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the role and precise mechanism of SSYX in MS-induced AF have not yet been elucidated. PURPOSE To elucidate the protective effects of SSYX on MS-induced AF and its possible mechanisms of action. METHODS Male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were fed a 16-week high-carbohydrate, high-fat (HCHF) diet together with 25% fructose in drinking water to produce a MS model. Low-concentration (SSYX-L, 0.4 g/kg) and high-concentration (SSYX-H, 0.8 g/kg) of SSYX were given by daily gavage 8-weeks following HCHF diet for 8-weeks. In vivo electrophysiological study, histological analysis, RNA-sequence (RNA-Seq) and gene ontology (GO) analysis, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed. RESULTS Both low-concentration and high-concentration of SSYX could inhibit MS-induced AF susceptibility, electrical remodeling and structural remodeling. Results from RNA-sequence analysis revealed intracellular iron homeostasis mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS. In vivo and in vitro experiments both demonstrated that SSYX up-regulated ferroportin (Fpn) expression and ameliorated intracellular iron overload induced by MS. To verified whether Fpn is the target of SSYX and intracellular iron overload mediated the protective effect of SSYX against MS, adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9) delivery system was used. Knocking down Fpn (AAV9-shFpn) markedly aggravated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, electrical remodeling and atrial fibrosis induced by MS, leading to a further increase of AF susceptibility induced by MS. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that SSYX reduced AF susceptibility, inhibited electrical remodeling and structural remodeling via up-regulating Fpn, decreasing intracellular iron overload and reducing ROS production. These results suggest that SSYX might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of MS-induced AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Kawajiri K, Ihara K, Sasano T. Gene therapy to terminate tachyarrhythmias. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:431-442. [PMID: 35655364 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2085686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, the treatment option for tachyarrhythmia is classified into drug therapy, catheter ablation, and implantable device therapy. However, the efficacy of the antiarrhythmic drugs is limited. Although the indication of catheter ablation is expanding, several fatal tachyarrhythmias are still refractory to ablation. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator increases survival, but it is not a curable treatment. Therefore, a novel therapy for tachyarrhythmias refractory to present treatments is desired. Gene therapy is being developed as a promising candidate for this purpose, and basic research and translational research have been accumulated in recent years. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the current state of gene therapy for arrhythmias, including susceptible arrhythmias, the route of administration to the heart, and the type of vector to use. We also discuss the latest progress in the technology of gene delivery and genome editing. EXPERT OPINION Gene therapy is one of the most promising technologies for arrhythmia treatment. However, additional technological innovation to achieve safe, localized, homogeneous, and long-lasting gene transfer is required for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kawajiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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18
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Pandita D, Pandita A. Omics Technology for the Promotion of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Front Physiol 2022; 13:817247. [PMID: 35634143 PMCID: PMC9136416 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.817247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of nutrition and environment on human health has been known for ages. Phytonutrients (7,000 flavonoids and phenolic compounds; 600 carotenoids) and pro-health nutrients—nutraceuticals positively add to human health and may prevent disorders such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Plant-derived bioactive metabolites have acquired an imperative function in human diet and nutrition. Natural phytochemicals affect genome expression (nutrigenomics and transcriptomics) and signaling pathways and act as epigenetic modulators of the epigenome (nutri epigenomics). Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, miRNomics, and metabolomics are some of the main platforms of complete omics analyses, finding use in functional food and nutraceuticals. Now the recent advancement in the integrated omics approach, which is an amalgamation of multiple omics platforms, is practiced comprehensively to comprehend food functionality in food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Pandita
- Government Department of School Education, Jammu, India
- *Correspondence: Deepu Pandita,
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Yang D, Deschênes I, Fu JD. Multilayer control of cardiac electrophysiology by microRNAs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:107-115. [PMID: 35247375 PMCID: PMC9035102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The electrophysiological properties of the heart include cardiac automaticity, excitation (i.e., depolarization and repolarization of action potential) of individual cardiomyocytes, and highly coordinated electrical propagation through the whole heart. An abnormality in any of these properties can cause arrhythmias. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been recognized as essential regulators of gene expression through the conventional RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism and are involved in a variety of biological events. Recent evidence has demonstrated that miRs regulate the electrophysiology of the heart through fine regulation by the conventional RNAi mechanism of the expression of ion channels, transporters, intracellular Ca2+-handling proteins, and other relevant factors. Recently, a direct interaction between miRs and ion channels has also been reported in the heart, revealing a biophysical modulation by miRs of cardiac electrophysiology. These advanced discoveries suggest that miR controls cardiac electrophysiology through two distinct mechanisms: immediate action through biophysical modulation and long-term conventional RNAi regulation. Here, we review the recent research progress and summarize the current understanding of how miR manipulates the function of ion channels to maintain the homeostasis of cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10(th) Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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20
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Al-Kaisey AM, Kalman JM. Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Effect of Weight Loss. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2021; 10:159-164. [PMID: 34777820 PMCID: PMC8576485 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2021.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic continues its relentless advance and is paralleled by an increase in the incidence of AF. Several epidemiological studies have highlighted obesity as an independent risk factor for the development of AF. This relationship is likely multifactorial through a number of interacting mechanisms. Weight loss through lifestyle changes or surgery has been associated with reverse remodelling of the atrial substrate and subsequent reduction in AF, making it an essential pillar in the management of AF in obese patients. In this review, the epidemiological data that support the obesity–AF relationship, the current insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, the impact of weight loss on reverse remodelling and AF reduction, and the strategies to achieve weight loss in patients with AF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Al-Kaisey
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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González-Casanova JE, Durán-Agüero S, Caro-Fuentes NJ, Gamboa-Arancibia ME, Bruna T, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Gómez DM. New Insights on the Role of Connexins and Gap Junctions Channels in Adipose Tissue and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212145. [PMID: 34830025 PMCID: PMC8619175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the inability to curb the excessive increase in the prevalence of obesity and overweight, it is necessary to comprehend in more detail the factors involved in the pathophysiology and to appreciate more clearly the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of obesity. Thus, understanding the biological regulation of adipose tissue is of fundamental relevance. Connexin, a protein that forms intercellular membrane channels of gap junctions and unopposed hemichannels, plays a key role in adipogenesis and in the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. The expression and function of Connexin 43 (Cx43) during the different stages of the adipogenesis are differentially regulated. Moreover, it has been shown that cell–cell communication decreases dramatically upon differentiation into adipocytes. Furthermore, inhibition of Cx43 degradation or constitutive overexpression of Cx43 blocks adipocyte differentiation. In the first events of adipogenesis, the connexin is highly phosphorylated, which is likely associated with enhanced Gap Junction (GJ) communication. In an intermediate state of adipocyte differentiation, Cx43 phosphorylation decreases, as it is displaced from the membrane and degraded through the proteasome; thus, Cx43 total protein is reduced. Cx is involved in cardiac disease as well as in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. Different studies suggest that obesity together with a high-fat diet are related to the production of remodeling factors associated with expression and distribution of Cx43 in the atrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique González-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | - Nelson Javier Caro-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile; (J.E.G.-C.); (N.J.C.-F.)
| | - Maria Elena Gamboa-Arancibia
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Tamara Bruna
- Centro de Investigación Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Ejercito 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Diana Marcela Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-226618559
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22
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Fu Y, Jiang T, Sun H, Li T, Gao F, Fan B, Li X, Qin X, Zheng Q. Necroptosis is required for atrial fibrillation and involved in aerobic exercise-conferred cardioprotection. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8363-8375. [PMID: 34288408 PMCID: PMC8419184 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, plays a critical role in the development of fibrosis, yet its role in atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. Mounting evidence demonstrates that aerobic exercise improves AF-related symptoms and quality of life. Therefore, we explored the role of necroptosis in AF pathogenesis and exercise-conferred cardioprotection. A mouse AF model was established either by calcium chloride and acetylcholine (CaCl2 -Ach) administration for 3 weeks or high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 12 weeks, whereas swim training was conducted 60 min/day, for 3-week duration. AF susceptibility, heart morphology and function and atrial fibrosis were assessed by electrophysiological examinations, echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Both CaCl2 -Ach administration and HFD feeding significantly enhanced AF susceptibility (including frequency and duration of episodes), left atrial enlargement and fibrosis. Moreover, protein levels of necroptotic signaling (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II or their phosphorylated forms) were markedly elevated in the atria of AF mice. However, inhibiting necroptosis with necrostatin-1 partly attenuated CaCl2 -Ach (or HFD)-induced fibrosis and AF susceptibility, implicating necroptosis as contributing to AF pathogenesis. Finally, we found 3-week swim training inhibited necroptotic signaling, consequently decreasing CaCl2 -Ach-induced AF susceptibility and atrial structural remodeling. Our findings identify necroptosis as a novel mechanism in AF pathogenesis and highlight that aerobic exercise may confer benefits on AF via inhibiting cardiac necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tiannan Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongke Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Boyuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghua Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiangsun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang Y, Yang S, Fu J, Liu A, Liu D, Cao S. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress prevents high-fat diet mediated atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13660-13668. [PMID: 33135380 PMCID: PMC7754029 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common sustained arrhythmia with increased mortality and morbidity. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the role of ERS in HFD-induced AF remains elusive. Human atrium samples were examined for the ERS activation test. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, including the control group, the HFD group, the 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) group, and the HFD + 4-PBA group. At the age of 4 weeks, the HFD group and the HFD + 4-PBA group were given HFD to construct the obesity model, while the other two groups were given a normal diet (ND). Transesophageal programmed electrical stimulation was conducted to evaluate the AF inducibility and duration. Atrial fibrosis and ERS activation were also investigated.We found that CHOP and GRP-78 protein were significantly higher in overweight patients than the controls (both P < 0.05). AF inducibility and duration of the HFD group were significantly higher than the other groups (both P < 0.05), while there was no difference between those groups (P > 0.05). The mice of the HFD group had significantly higher collagen volume fraction (CVF%) than the other groups (P < 0.05). ERS marker protein of GRP78, p-PERK, ATF6 and CHOP protein expression level was increased in the HFD group, which were significantly mitigated in the HFD + 4-PBA group. In summary, HFD-induced ERS activation facilitates atrial fibrosis and AF. The inhibition of ERS might alleviate atrial fibrosis and reduce the incidence of AF-associated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of General Practice/VIP Medical ServiceBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuwen Yang
- Department of General Practice/VIP Medical ServiceBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of General Practice/VIP Medical ServiceBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Annan Liu
- Department of General Practice/VIP Medical ServiceBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Deping Liu
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of CardiologyBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
| | - Suyan Cao
- Department of General Practice/VIP Medical ServiceBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
- Institute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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Al-Kaisey AM, Parameswaran R, Kalman JM. Atrial Fibrillation Structural Substrates: Aetiology, Identification and Implications. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2020; 9:113-120. [PMID: 33240506 PMCID: PMC7675137 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2020.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial remodelling in AF underlines the electrical, structural and mechanical changes in the atria of patients with AF. Several risk factors for AF contribute to the development of the atrial substrate, with some evidence that atrial remodelling reversal is possible with targeted intervention. In this article, the authors review the electrophysiological changes that characterise the atrial substrate in patients with AF risk factors. They also discuss the pitfalls of mapping the atrial substrate and the implications for developing tailored ablation strategies to improve outcomes in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Al-Kaisey
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Parameswaran
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ravelli F, Masè M. MicroRNAs: New contributors to mechano-electric coupling and atrial fibrillation. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 159:146-156. [PMID: 33011190 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a multifactorial disease, which often occurs in the presence of underlying cardiac abnormalities and is supported by electrophysiological and structural alterations, generally referred to as atrial remodeling. Abnormal substrates are commonly encountered in various conditions that predispose to AF, such as hypertension, heart failure, obesity, and sleep apnea, in which atrial stretch plays a key mechanistic role. Emerging evidence suggests a role for microRNAs (small non-coding RNAs) in the pathogenesis of AF, where they can act as post-transcriptional regulators of the genes involved in atrial remodeling. This review summarizes the experimental and clinical evidence that supports the role of microRNAs in the modulation of atrial electrical and structural remodeling with a focus on overload-induced atrial alterations, and discusses the potential contribution of microRNAs to mechano-electrical coupling and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ravelli
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biosignals, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Michela Masè
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy; Healthcare Research and Innovation Program, IRCS-HTA, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
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26
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Effects of occlusal disharmony on susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13765. [PMID: 32792672 PMCID: PMC7426945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss or incorrect positioning causes occlusal disharmony. Furthermore, tooth loss and atrial fibrillation (AF) are both risk factors for ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that occlusal disharmony-induced stress increases susceptibility to AF, and we designed the present study to test this idea in mice. Bite-opening (BO) was done by cementing a suitable appliance onto the mandibular incisor to cause occlusal disharmony by increasing the vertical height of occlusion by 0.7 mm for a period of 2 weeks. AF susceptibility, evaluated in terms of the duration of AF induced by transesophageal burst pacing, was significantly increased concomitantly with atrial remodeling, including fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and oxidative DNA damage, in BO mice. The BO-induced atrial remodeling was associated with increased calmodulin kinase II-mediated ryanodine receptor 2 phosphorylation on serine 2814, as well as inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. However, co-treatment with propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, ameliorated these changes in BO mice. These data suggest that improvement of occlusal disharmony by means of orthodontic treatment might be helpful in the treatment or prevention of AF.
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McCauley MD, Hong L, Sridhar A, Menon A, Perike S, Zhang M, da Silva IB, Yan J, Bonini MG, Ai X, Rehman J, Darbar D. Ion Channel and Structural Remodeling in Obesity-Mediated Atrial Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008296. [PMID: 32654503 PMCID: PMC7935016 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.008296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have established obesity as an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. Reduced cardiac sodium channel expression is a known causal mechanism in AF. We hypothesized that obesity decreases Nav1.5 expression via enhanced oxidative stress, thus reducing INa, and enhancing susceptibility to AF. METHODS To elucidate the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms a diet-induced obese mouse model was used. Weight, blood pressure, glucose, F2-isoprostanes, NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2), and PKC (protein kinase C) were measured in obese mice and compared with lean controls. Invasive electrophysiological, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and patch clamping of membrane potentials was performed to evaluate the molecular and electrophysiological phenotype of atrial myocytes. RESULTS Pacing-induced AF in 100% of diet-induced obese mice versus 25% in controls (P<0.01) with increased AF burden. Cardiac sodium channel expression, INa and atrial action potential duration were reduced and potassium channel expression (Kv1.5) and current (IKur) and F2-isoprostanes, NOX2, and PKC-α/δ expression and atrial fibrosis were significantly increased in diet-induced obese mice as compared with controls. A mitochondrial antioxidant reduced AF burden, restored INa, ICa,L, IKur, action potential duration, and reversed atrial fibrosis in diet-induced obese mice as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Inducible AF in obese mice is mediated, in part, by a combined effect of sodium, potassium, and calcium channel remodeling and atrial fibrosis. Mitochondrial antioxidant therapy abrogated the ion channel and structural remodeling and reversed the obesity-induced AF burden. Our findings have important implications for the management of obesity-mediated AF in patients. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. McCauley
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Ambili Menon
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Meihong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - JiaJie Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center
| | | | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Rush University Medical Center
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Zhou E, Zhang T, Bi C, Wang C, Zhang Z. Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition regulates gap junctions of cardiomyocyte. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1025-1035. [PMID: 32270355 PMCID: PMC7256098 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent arrhythmias. Myocardial sleeves of the pulmonary vein are critical in the occurrence of AF. Our study aims to investigate the effect of synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on gap junction proteins in cardiomyocytes. (1) Extraction of vascular SMCs from the pulmonary veins of Norway rats. TGF-β1 was used to induce the vascular SMCs switching to the synthetic phenotype and 18-α-GA was used to inhibit gap junctions of SMCs. The contractile and synthetic phenotype vascular SMCs were cocultured with HL-1 cells; (2) Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45 in HL-1 cells, and RT-PCR to test microRNA 27b in vascular SMCs or in HL-1 cells; (3) Lucifer yellow dye transfer experiment was used to detect the function of gap junctions. (1) TGF- β1 induced the vascular SMCs switching to synthetic phenotype; (2) Cx43 was significantly increased, and Cx40 and Cx45 were decreased in HL-1 cocultured with synthetic SMCs; (3) The fluorescence intensity of Lucifer yellow was higher in HL-1 cocultured with synthetic SMCs than that in the cells cocultured with contractile SMCs, which was inhibited by18-α-GA; (4) the expression of microRNA 27b was increased in HL-1 cocultured with synthetic SMCs, which was attenuated markedly by 18-α-GA. (5) the expression of ZFHX3 was decreased in HL-1 cocultured with synthetic SMCs, which was reversed by 18-α-GA. The gap junction proteins of HL-1 were regulated by pulmonary venous SMCs undergoing phenotypic transition in this study, accompanied with the up-regulation of microRNA 27b and the down-regulation of ZFHX3 in HL-1 cells, which was associated with heterocellular gap junctions between HL-1 and pulmonary venous SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Franco D, Aranega A, Dominguez JN. Non-coding RNAs and Atrial Fibrillation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:311-325. [PMID: 32285421 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent type of cardiac arrhythmia in humans, with an estimate incidence of 1-2% in the general population, rising up to 8-10% in the elderly. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hyperthyroidism can increase the occurrence of AF. The onset of AF triggers additional AF episodes, leading to structural and electrical remodeling of the diseased heart. Understanding the molecular bases of atrial fibrillation have greatly advance over the last decade demonstrating a pivotal role of distinct ion channels in AF pathophysiology. A new scenario has opened on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying AF, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs and their wide implication in multiple disease states, including cardiac arrhythmogenic pathologies. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 22-24 nucleotides that are capable of regulating gene expression by interacting with the mRNA transcript 3'UTRs and promoting mRNA degradation and/or protein translation blockage. Long non-coding RNAs are a more diverse group of non-coding RNAs, providing transcriptional and post-transcriptional roles and subclassified according to their functional properties. In this chapter we summarized current state-of-the-art knowledge on the functional of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs as well as their cross-talk regulatory mechanisms in atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorge N Dominguez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
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30
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Šustr F, Stárek Z, Souček M, Novák J. Non-coding RNAs and Cardiac Arrhythmias. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:287-300. [PMID: 32285419 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias represent wide and heterogenic group of disturbances in the cardiac rhythm. Pathophysiology of individual arrhythmias is highly complex and dysfunction in ion channels/currents involved in generation or spreading of action potential is usually documented. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent highly variable group of molecules regulating the heart expression program, including regulation of the expression of individual ion channels and intercellular connection proteins, e.g. connexins.Within this chapter, we will describe basic electrophysiological properties of the myocardium. We will focus on action potential generation and spreading in pacemaker and non-pacemaker cells, including description of individual ion channels (natrium, potassium and calcium) and their ncRNA-mediated regulation. Most of the studies have so far focused on microRNAs, thus, their regulatory function will be described into greater detail. Clinical consequences of altered ncRNA regulatory function will also be described together with potential future directions of the research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šustr
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Stárek
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Cardioangiology of St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Souček
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novák
- Second Department of Internal Medicine of St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- CEITEC - Central European Institute for Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Sato S, Suzuki J, Hirose M, Yamada M, Zenimaru Y, Nakaya T, Ichikawa M, Imagawa M, Takahashi S, Ikuyama S, Konoshita T, Kraemer FB, Ishizuka T. Cardiac overexpression of perilipin 2 induces atrial steatosis, connexin 43 remodeling, and atrial fibrillation in aged mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1193-E1204. [PMID: 31661297 PMCID: PMC6957375 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in patients with obesity and diabetes, and such patients often exhibit cardiac steatosis. Since the role of cardiac steatosis per se in the induction of AF has not been elucidated, the present study was designed to explore the relation between cardiac steatosis and AF. Transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) were housed in the laboratory for more than 12 mo before the study. Electron microscopy of the atria of PLIN2-Tg mice showed accumulation of small lipid droplets around mitochondrial chains, and five- to ninefold greater atrial triacylglycerol (TAG) content compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Electrocardiography showed significantly longer RR intervals in PLIN2-Tg mice than in WT mice. Transesophageal electrical burst pacing resulted in significantly higher prevalence of sustained (>5 min) AF (69%) in PLIN2-Tg mice than in WT mice (24%), although it was comparable in younger (4-mo-old) mice. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, was localized at the intercalated disks in WT atria but was heterogeneously distributed on the lateral side of cardiomyocytes in PLIN2-Tg atria. Langendorff-perfused hearts using the optical mapping technique showed slower and heterogeneous impulse propagation in PLIN2-Tg atria compared with WT atria. Cardiac overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase in PLIN2-Tg mice resulted in atrial TAG depletion and amelioration of AF susceptibility. The results suggest that PLIN2-induced steatosis is associated with Cx43 remodeling, impaired conduction propagation, and higher incidence of AF in aged mice. Therapies targeting cardiac steatosis could be potentially beneficial against AF in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jinya Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hirose
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mika Yamada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Zenimaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mai Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Michiko Imagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sadao Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes Medicine, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oita San-ai Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Konoshita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Aromolaran AS. Mechanisms of electrical remodeling in lipotoxic guinea pig heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:639-644. [PMID: 31540694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an adult guinea pig model of lipotoxicity and explore the underlying mechanisms associated with changes in the expression of the delayed rectifier potassium current (IK). BACKGROUND Lipotoxicity may represent a common link among metabolic disorders and a higher vulnerability to arrhythmias. METHODS Whole-cell patch clamp, and palmitic acid (PA, a potent inducer of lipotoxicity), were used to assess mechanisms of short-term (∼50 days) high-fat diet (HFD) feeding on atrial electrophysiology in guinea pig hearts and myocytes. RESULTS HFD fed guinea pigs were significantly heavier, displayed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia; but no signs of hyperglycemia or inflammation compared to low-fat diet fed controls. Increasing cardiac PA levels, resulted in shortened atrial action potential duration, and increased IK density. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) prevented increases in IK due to PA. Acute (≥1hr) exposure of atrial myocytes to exogenous PA (1 mM) increased the density of the rapid delayed rectifier potassium current IKr, while it was decreased with the unsaturated oleic acid (OA, 1 mM). Serine-threonine protein phosphatase-2 (PP2A) inhibition with cantharidin reversed the effect of OA on IKr. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence of a novel lipotoxic guinea pig model with signs of vulnerability to arrhythmias. Inhibition of PA/PI3K/IK and/or activation of the OA/PP2A/IKr pathways may be therapeutically beneficial for lipotoxic arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Metabolism Research Group, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Research and Development Office, (151), 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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MicroRNAs: Emerging biomarkers for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol 2019; 74:475-482. [PMID: 31324570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes severe cardiac dysrhythmia among patients with cardiovascular diseases. AF increases the risk of stroke and heart failure and is a growing public health concern. AF is also associated with various disease conditions such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, aging, and diabetes mellitus. The mechanism underlying AF is not completely understood due to its complexity. However, experimental and clinical data have revealed that the prevalence of this disease is associated with atrial arrhythmogenic remodeling. Currently, there are no biomarkers that are available for the early diagnosis of AF. Several studies have proposed microRNAs (miRNAs) as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of AF due to their stability and easy availability both in atrial tissue and circulating blood. miRNAs play an important role in the development of the heart. The dysregulation of miRNA expression is associated with cardiac remodeling. Genetic factors strongly contribute to the pathogenesis of AF. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes and miRNAs have been reported to be associated with AF. The aim of this review was to discuss the correlation between SNPs in miRNAs and AF, including those miRNAs that are commonly reported as potential biomarkers for AF.
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Shuai W, Kong B, Fu H, Shen C, Jiang X, Huang H. MD1 Deficiency Promotes Inflammatory Atrial Remodelling Induced by High-Fat Diets. Can J Cardiol 2018; 35:208-216. [PMID: 30760428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is expressed in various tissues, including the heart. However, the role of MD1 in obesity-related atrial remodelling remains incompletely understood. Here, this study intends to determine the regulatory role and underlying mechanisms of MD1 in obesity-related atrial remodelling. METHODS A high-fat diet (HFD) feeding was performed in 6-week-old MD1-knockout (MD1-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates for 20 weeks. Morphological, biochemical, functional, histological, and electrophysiological studies were conducted at the age of 26 weeks. RESULTS Our results revealed that the MD1 expression levels were downregulated in the atrium of the HFD-fed induced obesity mice. An increase in body weight, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and adverse atrial remodelling, such as atrial inflammation and fibrosis, were induced by HFD feeding in WT mice. Vulnerability to atrial fibrillation (AF) was also significantly increased by HFD feeding in WT mice. In addition, these adverse effects caused by HFD-fed induced obesity were further exaggerated in MD1-KO mice compared with WT mice. Mechanistically, MD1-KO activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, which led to atrial remodelling in mice fed by HFD by increasing the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that MD1 deficiency played an important role in accelerating the development of inflammatory atrial fibrosis and increasing vulnerability to AF in mice with HFD-fed induced obesity, providing an essential target for improving HFD-induced atrial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China
| | - Caijie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Hubei, China.
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Voskoboinik A, Prabhu S, Sugumar H, Kistler PM. Effect of Dietary Factors on Cardiac Rhythm. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1265-1271. [PMID: 30075892 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between arrhythmias and certain lifestyle factors such as obesity and alcohol consumption is well-established. There is significant public and professional interest in the role of various diets, vitamins, and minerals in cardiovascular health. However, many widely held beliefs are not supported by the literature. There is limited evidence for routine magnesium and omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids supplementation, while coffee, tea, nuts, antioxidant vitamins, and even chocolate may have some antiarrhythmic properties. Saturated fat, added salt, and excessive energy drink consumption appear to be harmful for patients with rhythm disorders. However most recommendations are based on observation studies, and this remains a fertile area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Voskoboinik
- Alfred Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandeep Prabhu
- Alfred Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hariharan Sugumar
- Alfred Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M Kistler
- Alfred Heart Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Risk of cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:425-439. [PMID: 29713021 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, progressive liver disease that affects up to one-quarter of the adult population worldwide. The clinical and economic burden of NAFLD is mainly due to liver-related morbidity and mortality (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma) and an increased risk of developing fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and certain types of extrahepatic cancers (for example, colorectal cancer and breast cancer). Additionally, there is now accumulating evidence that NAFLD adversely affects not only the coronary arteries (promoting accelerated coronary atherosclerosis) but also all other anatomical structures of the heart, conferring an increased risk of cardiomyopathy (mainly left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy, leading to the development of congestive heart failure), cardiac valvular calcification (mainly aortic-valve sclerosis), cardiac arrhythmias (mainly atrial fibrillation) and some cardiac conduction defects. This Review focuses on the association between NAFLD and non-ischaemia-related cardiac disease, discusses the putative pathophysiological mechanisms and briefly summarizes current treatment options for NAFLD that might also beneficially affect cardiac disease.
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Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental observations tend to prove that environment, lifestyle or nutritional challenges influence heart functions together with genetic factors. Furthermore, when occurring during sensitive windows of heart development, these environmental challenges can induce an 'altered programming' of heart development and shape the future heart disease risk. In the etiology of heart diseases driven by environmental challenges, epigenetics has been highlighted as an underlying mechanism, constituting a bridge between environment and heart health. In particular, micro-RNAs which are involved in each step of heart development and functions seem to play a crucial role in the unfavorable programming of heart diseases. This review describes the latest advances in micro-RNA research in heart diseases driven by early exposure to challenges and discusses the use of micro-RNAs as potential targets in the reversal of the pathophysiology.
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Characterizing the role of atrial natriuretic peptide signaling in the development of embryonic ventricular conduction system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6939. [PMID: 29720615 PMCID: PMC5932026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients born with congenital heart defects frequently encounter arrhythmias due to defects in the ventricular conduction system (VCS) development. Although recent studies identified transcriptional networks essential for the heart development, there is scant information on the mechanisms regulating VCS development. Based on the association of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression with VCS forming regions, it was reasoned that ANP could play a critical role in differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and cardiomyocytes (CMs) toward a VCS cell lineage. The present study showed that treatment of embryonic ventricular cells with ANP or cell permeable 8-Br-cGMP can induce gene expression of important VCS markers such as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel-4 (HCN4) and connexin 40 (Cx40). Inhibition of protein kinase G (PKG) via Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS further confirmed the role of ANP/NPRA/cGMP/PKG pathway in the regulation of HCN4 and Cx40 gene expression. Additional experiments indicated that ANP may regulate VCS marker gene expression by modulating levels of miRNAs that are known to control the stability of transcripts encoding HCN4 and Cx40. Genetic ablation of NPRA revealed significant decreases in VCS marker gene expression and defects in Purkinje fiber arborisation. These results provide mechanistic insights into the role of ANP/NPRA signaling in VCS formation.
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Kondo H, Abe I, Gotoh K, Fukui A, Takanari H, Ishii Y, Ikebe Y, Kira S, Oniki T, Saito S, Aoki K, Tanino T, Mitarai K, Kawano K, Miyoshi M, Fujinami M, Yoshimura S, Ayabe R, Okada N, Nagano Y, Akioka H, Shinohara T, Akiyoshi K, Masaki T, Teshima Y, Yufu K, Nakagawa M, Takahashi N. Interleukin 10 Treatment Ameliorates High-Fat Diet–Induced Inflammatory Atrial Remodeling and Fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 11:e006040. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.006040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Kondo
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Ichitaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Koro Gotoh
- and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology (K.G., K.A., T.M.)
| | - Akira Fukui
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Hiroki Takanari
- Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Japan. Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yumi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Yuki Ikebe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Shintaro Kira
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Takahiro Oniki
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Kohei Aoki
- and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology (K.G., K.A., T.M.)
| | - Tomomi Tanino
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Kazuki Mitarai
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Kyoko Kawano
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Miho Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Mami Fujinami
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Seiichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Reika Ayabe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Norihiro Okada
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Yasuko Nagano
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Hidefumi Akioka
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Tetsuji Shinohara
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Kumiko Akiyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Takayuki Masaki
- and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology (K.G., K.A., T.M.)
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Kunio Yufu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Mikiko Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination (H.K., I.A., A.F., Y.I., S.K., T.O., S.S., T.T., K.M., K.K., M.M., M.F., S.Y., R.A., N.O., Y.N., H.A., T.S., K.A., Y.T., K.Y., M.N., N.T.)
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Matoušková P, Hanousková B, Skálová L. MicroRNAs as Potential Regulators of Glutathione Peroxidases Expression and Their Role in Obesity and Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041199. [PMID: 29662007 PMCID: PMC5979329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) belong to the eight-member family of phylogenetically related enzymes with different cellular localization, but distinct antioxidant function. Several GPxs are important selenoproteins. Dysregulated GPx expression is connected with severe pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using the programs miRDB, miRanda, TargetScan, and Diana in the search for hypothetical microRNAs targeting 3′untranslated regions (3´UTR) of GPxs. We cross-referenced the literature for possible intersections between our results and available reports on identified microRNAs, with a special focus on the microRNAs related to oxidative stress, obesity, and related pathologies. We identified many microRNAs with an association with oxidative stress and obesity as putative regulators of GPxs. In particular, miR-185-5p was predicted by a larger number of programs to target six GPxs and thus could play the role as their master regulator. This microRNA was altered by selenium deficiency and can play a role as a feedback control of selenoproteins’ expression. Through the bioinformatics analysis we revealed the potential connection of microRNAs, GPxs, obesity, and other redox imbalance related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Matoušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Hanousková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Ihara K, Sugiyama K, Takahashi K, Yamazoe M, Sasano T, Furukawa T. Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553490 PMCID: PMC5931326 DOI: 10.3791/56478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and electrophysiological phenotype in the atria. That encourages us to utilize a genetically-engineered mouse model to elucidate the mechanism of AF. However, it is difficult to evaluate the electrophysiological properties in murine atria due to their small size. This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of atria using an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution in Langendorff perfused murine hearts. The optical mapping system is assembled with dual high-speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras and high magnification objective lenses, to detect the fluorescence of a voltage-sensitive dye and Ca2+ indicator. To focus on the assessment of murine atria, optical mapping is performed with an area of 2 mm × 2 mm or 10 mm x 10 mm, with a 100 × 100 resolution (20 µm/pixel or 100 µm/pixel) and sampling rate of up to 10 kHz (0.1 ms) at maximum. A 1-French size quadripolar electrode pacing catheter is placed into the right atrium through the superior vena cava avoiding any mechanical damage to the atrium, and pacing stimulation is delivered through the catheter. An electrophysiological study is performed with programmed stimulation including constant pacing, burst pacing, and up to triple extrastimuli pacing. Under a spontaneous or pacing rhythm, the optical mapping recorded the action potential duration, activation map, conduction velocity, and Ca2+ transient individually in the right and left atria. In addition, the programmed stimulation also determines the inducibility of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Precise activation mapping is performed to identify the propagation of the excitation in the atrium during an induced atrial tachyarrhythmia. Optical mapping with a specialized setting enables a thorough electrophysiological evaluation of the atrium in murine pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koji Sugiyama
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University;
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Natsume Y, Oaku K, Takahashi K, Nakamura W, Oono A, Hamada S, Yamazoe M, Ihara K, Sasaki T, Goya M, Hirao K, Furukawa T, Sasano T. Combined Analysis of Human and Experimental Murine Samples Identified Novel Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Atrial Fibrillation. Circ J 2018; 82:965-973. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Natsume
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kasumi Oaku
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kentaro Takahashi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Wakana Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Ai Oono
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Satomi Hamada
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Heart Rhythm Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Masahiko Goya
- Heart Rhythm Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kenzo Hirao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Heart Rhythm Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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Quintanilha BJ, Reis BZ, Duarte GBS, Cozzolino SMF, Rogero MM. Nutrimiromics: Role of microRNAs and Nutrition in Modulating Inflammation and Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111168. [PMID: 29077020 PMCID: PMC5707640 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrimiromics studies the influence of the diet on the modification of gene expression due to epigenetic processes related to microRNAs (miRNAs), which may affect the risk for the development of chronic diseases. miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that are usually involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing by inducing mRNA degradation or translational repression by binding to a target messenger RNA. They can be controlled by environmental and dietary factors, particularly by isolated nutrients or bioactive compounds, indicating that diet manipulation may hold promise as a therapeutic approach in modulating the risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of nutrients and bioactive compounds on the expression of miRNAs related to inflammation and chronic disease in several models (cell culture, animal models, and human trials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna J Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Z Reis
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Graziela B Silva Duarte
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Silvia M F Cozzolino
- Nutrition and Minerals Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, 01246-904 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Food Research Center (FoRC), 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhong P, Quan D, Huang Y, Huang H. CaMKII Activation Promotes Cardiac Electrical Remodeling and Increases the Susceptibility to Arrhythmia Induction in High-fat Diet-Fed Mice With Hyperlipidemia Conditions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 70:245-254. [PMID: 28662005 PMCID: PMC5642343 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity/hyperlipidemia is closely related to both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. CaMKII, a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, has been involved in cardiac arrhythmias of different etiologies. However, its role in obesity/hyperlipidemia-related cardiac arrhythmia is unexplored. The aim of this was to determine the involvement of CaMKII in the process. METHODS Adult male APOE mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), administrated with KN93 (10 mg·kg·2d), a specific inhibitor of CaMKII. Serum lipid and glucose profile, cardiac function, and surface electrocardiogram were determined. Electrophysiological study and epicardial activation mapping were performed in Langendorff-perfused heart. Expression of cardiac ion channels, gap junction proteins, Ca handling proteins, and CaMKII were evaluated, coupled with histological analysis. RESULTS A hyperlipidemia condition was induced by HFD in the APOE mice, which was associated with increased expression and activity of CaMKII in the hearts. In Langendorff-perfused hearts, HFD-induced heart showed increased arrhythmia inducibility, prolonged action potential duration, and decreased action potential duration alternans thresholds, coupled with slow ventricular conduction, connexin-43 upregulation, and interstitial fibrosis. Downregulation of ion channels including Cav1.2 and Kv4.2/Kv4.3 and disturbed Ca handling proteins were also observed in HFD-induced heart. Interestingly, all these alterations were significantly inhibited by KN93 treatment. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated an adverse effect of metabolic components on cardiac electrophysiology and implicated an important role of CaMKII underlying this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dajun Quan
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renming Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; and
- Huei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
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Lee HC, Chen CC, Tsai WC, Lin HT, Shiao YL, Sheu SH, Wu BN, Chen CH, Lai WT. Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein of Metabolic Syndrome Modulates Gap Junctions and Slows Cardiac Conduction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12050. [PMID: 28935953 PMCID: PMC5608762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and each manifestation of MetS is related to atrial fibrillation (AF) risks. Slowed atrial conduction is a mechanism of AF in MetS. We hypothesized that VLDL can modulate and reduce atrial gap junctions. VLDLs were separated from normal (Normal-VLDL) and MetS (MetS-VLDL) individuals. VLDLs (15 µg/g) and equivalent volumes of saline (CTL) were injected respectively to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks. Electrocardiograms demonstrated that MetS-VLDL induced prolongation of P wave (P = 0.041), PR intervals (P = 0.014), QRS duration and QTc interval (both P = 0.003), but Normal-VLDL did not. Optical mapping of perfused hearts confirmed slowed conduction on atria and ventricles of MetS-VLDL mice. Slowed cardiac conduction was associated with significant atrial and ventricular remodeling, along with systolic dysfunction and comparable intra-cardiac fibrosis. MetS-VLDL induced downregulation of Cx40 and Cx43 at transcriptional, translational and tissue levels, and it also enhanced O-GlcNAcylation of Cx40 and Cx43. Protein structure analyses predicted O-GlcNAcylation at serine 18 of Cx40 and Cx43 which may impair stability of gap junctions. In conclusion, MetS-VLDL modulates gap junctions and delays both atrial and ventricular conduction. VLDL may contribute to the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Shiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H. Lau
- From: Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, (D.H.L., P.S.); Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S.N.); and Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine,
| | - Stanley Nattel
- From: Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, (D.H.L., P.S.); Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S.N.); and Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine,
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- From: Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, (D.H.L., P.S.); Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S.N.); and Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine,
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- From: Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, (D.H.L., P.S.); Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Quebec, Canada (S.N.); Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S.N.); and Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Medicine,
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Hanif W, Alex L, Su Y, Shinde AV, Russo I, Li N, Frangogiannis NG. Left atrial remodeling, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in mouse models of heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 30:27-37. [PMID: 28759817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular dysfunction increases left atrial pressures and causes atrial remodeling. In human subjects, increased left atrial size is a powerful predictor of mortality and adverse events in a broad range of cardiac pathologic conditions. Moreover, structural remodeling of the atrium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Despite the potential value of the atrium in assessment of functional endpoints in myocardial disease, atrial pathologic alterations in mouse models of left ventricular disease have not been systematically investigated. Our study describes the geometric, morphologic, and structural changes in experimental mouse models of cardiac pressure overload (induced through transverse aortic constriction), myocardial infarction, and diabetes. Morphometric and histological analysis showed that pressure overload was associated with left atrial dilation, increased left atrial mass, loss of myofibrillar content in a subset of atrial cardiomyocytes, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and atrial fibrosis. In mice undergoing nonreperfused myocardial infarction protocols, marked left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with left atrial enlargement, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and atrial fibrosis. Both infarcted animals and pressure overloaded mice exhibited attenuation and perturbed localization of atrial connexin-43 immunoreactivity, suggesting gap junctional remodeling. In the absence of injury, obese diabetic db/db mice had diastolic dysfunction associated with atrial dilation, atrial cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and mild atrial fibrosis. Considering the challenges in assessment of clinically relevant functional endpoints in mouse models of heart disease, study of atrial geometry and morphology may serve as an important new tool for evaluation of ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hanif
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Linda Alex
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ya Su
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Arti V Shinde
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ilaria Russo
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Na Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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Aromolaran AS, Boutjdir M. Cardiac Ion Channel Regulation in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Relevance to Long QT Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:431. [PMID: 28680407 PMCID: PMC5479057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic dysregulation leading to metabolic syndrome is an epidemic that poses a significant public health problem. More than one-third of the world population is overweight or obese leading to enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Obesity predisposes to atrial fibrillation, ventricular, and supraventricular arrhythmias; conditions that are underlain by dysfunction in electrical activity of the heart. To date, current therapeutic options for cardiomyopathy of obesity are limited, suggesting that there is considerable room for development of therapeutic interventions with novel mechanisms of action that will help normalize rhythm in obese patients. Emerging candidates for modulation by obesity are cardiac ion channels and Ca handling proteins. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the impact of obesity on these channels/Ca handling proteins remain incompletely understood. Obesity is marked by accumulation of adipose tissue associated with a variety of adverse adaptations including dyslipidemia (or abnormal levels of serum free fatty acids), increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, that will cause electrical remodeling and thus predispose to arrhythmias. Further, adipose tissue is also associated with the accumulation of subcutaneous and visceral fat, which are marked by distinct signaling mechanisms. Thus, there may also be functional differences in the outcome of regional distribution of fat deposits on ion channel/Ca handling proteins expression. Evaluating alterations in their functional expression in obesity will lead to progress in the knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for obesity-related arrhythmias. These advances are likely to reveal new targets for pharmacological modulation. The objective of this article is to review cardiac ion channel/Ca handling proteins remodeling that predispose to arrhythmias. Understanding how obesity and related mechanisms lead to cardiac electrical remodeling is likely to have a significant medical and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare SystemBrooklyn, NY, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare SystemBrooklyn, NY, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY, United States
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Abstract
Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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FUKUI AKIRA, IKEBE-EBATA YUKI, KONDO HIDEKAZU, SAITO SHOTARO, AOKI KOHEI, FUKUNAGA NAOYA, SHINOHARA TETSUJI, MASAKI TAKAYUKI, TESHIMA YASUSHI, TAKAHASHI NAOHIKO. Hyperleptinemia Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Mediated Atrial Fibrosis and Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:702-710. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIRA FUKUI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YUKI IKEBE-EBATA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - HIDEKAZU KONDO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - SHOTARO SAITO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - KOHEI AOKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOYA FUKUNAGA
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TETSUJI SHINOHARA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TAKAYUKI MASAKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YASUSHI TESHIMA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOHIKO TAKAHASHI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
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