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Saltaouras G, Kyrkili A, Bathrellou E, Georgoulis M, Yannakoulia M, Bountziouka V, Smrke U, Dimitrakopoulos G, Kontogianni MD. Associations between Meal Patterns and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Western Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies and Randomised Controlled Trials. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1100. [PMID: 39334632 PMCID: PMC11430606 DOI: 10.3390/children11091100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity (OV/OB) is a major public health problem in Western countries, often accompanied with comorbidities (e.g., hypertension and insulin resistance) (i.e., metabolically unhealthy obesity-MUO). Among diet-related risk factors of OV/OB risk and MUO, meal patterns remain limitedly studied. The aim of this systematic review was to explore associations between meal patterns and the risk of childhood OV/OB and MUO in children/adolescents aged 2-19 years. Longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials from PUBMED and Scopus published between January 2013 and April 2024 were retrieved. Twenty-eight studies were included, all of which reported on OV/OB risk, with none on MUO risk. Regular consumption of breakfast (n = 3) and family meals (n = 4) and avoiding dining while watching TV (n = 4) may be protective factors against childhood OV/OB, whereas meal skipping (primarily breakfast; n = 4) may be a detrimental factor. Mixed effects of meal frequency on OV/OB risk were observed; no effects of frequency of lunch or of fast-food consumption and of meals served at school were found. There was insufficient evidence to support the role of other patterns (meal timing, eating in other social contexts). Meals were mainly participant-identified, leading to increased heterogeneity. Research focusing on childhood MUO and the use of harmonised definitions regarding the assessment of meal patterns are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Saltaouras
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Athanasia Kyrkili
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eirini Bathrellou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Vasiliki Bountziouka
- Computer Simulation, Genomics and Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, College of Life Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Urška Smrke
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - George Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, School of Digital Technology, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
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Haddad MR, Sarti FM. Determinants of Inequalities in the Exposure to and Adoption of Multiple Health Risk Behaviors among Brazilian Adolescents, 2009-2019. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2029-2046. [PMID: 39056650 PMCID: PMC11275622 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple risk behaviors among adolescents imposes challenges in the context of public policies of health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence on the conditions leading to the exposure to and adoption of multiple risk behaviors allows the identification of vulnerable groups of adolescents, and may support the proposition of targeted strategies directed to individuals at risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis to identify recent trends in the exposure to and adoption of multiple health risk behaviors among Brazilian adolescents, highlighting individual-, household-, and school-level characteristics linked to inequalities among social groups. The analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE), conducted by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics in 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. The trends in the occurrence of multiple risk behaviors among adolescents were estimated according to social strata, allowing the calculation of concentration indexes and their disaggregation into major determinants of inequalities in the exposure and adoption of risk behaviors. The analyses were conducted using a complex survey design to allow representativeness at the population level. The results showed a rise in the incidence of multiple risk behaviors among youngsters in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. Factors influencing inequalities in the exposure to multiple risk behaviors were socioeconomic status and the characteristics of the household and school environments, whilst the adoption of multiple risk behaviors was also influenced by early exposure to multiple risk behaviors. Furthermore, trends in inequalities in the exposure to and adoption of multiple risk behaviors showed an intensification from 2009 to 2019, being initially concentrated among wealthier adolescents, followed by a transition to higher incidence in the lower socioeconomic strata in 2012 and 2015, respectively. The findings underscore the role of support systems for adolescents at risk within the familial and school contexts, whereas strategies of public policies of health based on the strengthening of community ties may require improvements to tackle socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of risk behaviors among youngsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rebello Haddad
- Biomedical Center, Department of Integrated Education in Health, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29047-185, ES, Brazil
| | - Flavia Mori Sarti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, SP, Brazil;
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Yang M, Guo K, Liu W, Fang X, Liu T. Coping Tendency as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Health Problems Among College Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2619-2630. [PMID: 39006887 PMCID: PMC11244630 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s466150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed to explore the status of four common health problems (ie, smoking, internet addiction, physical inactivity, psychological disorder) among college students and analyze the relationship between psychological resilience, coping tendency and health problems. Participants and Methods The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 500 college students from four universities. The General Information Questionnaire, Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Health Risk Behavior Questionnaire were used for survey. Results Among the students, there were 71 smokers (15.4%) and 61 internet addicts (13.2%). Over a third of the students reported physical inactivity (35.9%) and a minority had psychological disorder (6.3%). The psychological resilience score differed between students who smoked, had internet addiction, physical inactivity, psychological disorder and those without these health-risk behaviors. Logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping tendency was the common contributing factor of physical inactivity, internet addiction and psychological disorder. Coping tendency played a partial mediating effect in the relationship between psychological resilience and health problems, with a mediating effect of 37.93%. Conclusion Psychological resilience can not only affect health problems directly but also influence health problems indirectly through coping tendency. Educators and administrators in universities can apply effective measures to improve psychological resilience and positive coping to prevent or reduce health problems among undergraduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Guo
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Fang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Dong C, Chen H, Li Y, Sun Y, Pan Y, Xu Q, Sun H. Patterns of Health-Risk Behaviours and Their Associations With Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Young Adults by Gender: A Latent Class Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241258922. [PMID: 38842056 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241258922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated gender differences in health-risk behaviour patterns among young adults and assessed the associations of anxiety and depression with these patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1740 young Chinese adults aged 18-24 years. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the clusters of health-risk behaviours and their associations with anxiety and depression. Three common patterns were found for both genders: physical inactivity, substance use, and insufficient fruit intake (5.7% for males [M] and 11.6% for females [F]); a sedentary lifestyle only (48.4% for M and 48.9% for F); and a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and an unhealthy diet (7.6% for M and 20.0% for F). Additionally, two additional unique patterns were found: physical inactivity and unhealthy diet in males (38.3%) and physical inactivity and insufficient fruit intake in females (19.6%). Sociodemographic variables exert different effects on health-risk behaviour patterns as a function of gender. Lower anxiety levels (odds ratio [OR]: 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.823-0.966) and greater depression levels (OR: 1.074; 95% CI: 1.008-1.143) were associated with a sedentary lifestyle, substance use, and unhealthy diet class only in female young adults compared with a sedentary-only class. These findings underscore the need for the implementation of targeted interventions based on gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Informatics Center, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wang M, Li T, Xie Y, Zhang D, Qu Y, Zhai S, Mou X, Yang Y, Zou L, Tao S, Tao F, Wu X. Clustered health risk behaviors with comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression in young adults: Moderating role of inflammatory cytokines. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:335-341. [PMID: 37898475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with multiple health risk behaviors (HRBs) are at higher risk for psychological problems, and vice versa. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. METHOD We collected questionnaire and blood sample data from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces. Demographic information, HRBs and blood samples were collected at baseline. Depression/anxiety symptoms were collected using questionnaires at follow-up. Latent class analysis was used to explore clustered HRBs pattern, and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between clustered HRBs quantity, pattern and anxiety-depression symptoms comorbidity. The Mplus software was used to analyze the moderating effects of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Compared to the HRB low-risk group, the substance dependence group (OR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.11-3.21) and sedentary group (OR: 2.98, 95%CI: 1.48-6.02) had a higher risk of anxiety-depression comorbid symptoms. Compared to participants with no clustered HRBs, participants with 2 HRBs (OR: 2.16 95%CI: 1.17-4.00) and >3 HRBs (OR: 3.55, 95%CI: 1.68-7.48) were more likely to suffer from comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. Moreover, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 had negative moderating effects between clustered HRBs pattern and comorbid symptoms of anxiety and depression. LIMITATIONS Recall bias may exist for anxiety / depression symptoms, and cannot exclude unmeasured confounders or the effect of residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS This study finds clustered HRBs have a significant impact on mental health among young adults, and inflammatory cytokine evidence supports a negative moderating effect on the relationship. Interventions that decrease clustered HRBs may support mental health development in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyue Mou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yajuan Yang
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liwei Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Chu M, Lee CY, Li X, Zhao Z, Gao M, Chiang YC. Association of Friendly School and Family Contexts and Reducing Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Cross-National Study in Europe, North America, and China. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2024; 94:57-68. [PMID: 36967472 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social factors play an important role in adolescents' behaviors. This study aims to understand percentages of health risk behaviors across country in Europe, North America, and China; explore the associations between friendly school and family contexts and involvement for several health risk behaviors among adolescents. METHODS Data derived from health behavior in school-aged children cross-sectional surveys and China Education Panel Survey in 2014-2015. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze data. RESULTS The highest percentages of health risk behaviors including unhealthy diet, smoking or alcohol, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and violent behaviors across country ranged from 28.62% to 65.24%. National classmate friendliness was negatively associated with 5 out of 9 health risk behaviors prevalence rates in 41 countries (p < 0.05). Adolescents' perceived peer friendly and helpful were common protective factor for engaging in several health risk behaviors (p < 0.01). Individual family contexts were associated with 3 types of health risk behaviors involvement (p < 0.001). SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS Health risk behaviors among adolescents reducing was associated with the implementation of friendly school and family contexts, emphasizing the significance of the goals of embedding friendly adolescents, along with the home-school collaboration. CONCLUSIONS Public health strategies should promote national climate of friendship and individual perceived friendly school contexts to reduce health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Neylon K, Condren C, Guerin S, Looney K. What Are the Psychosocial Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer? A Systematic Review of the Literature. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2023; 12:799-820. [PMID: 37130327 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2022.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYACs) have become recognized as a unique group in recent years. The unique developmental context and related challenges of being a young person with a cancer diagnosis can lead to a distinct and diverse set of psychosocial issues. Existing research has attempted to explore these psychosocial needs and challenges and to develop appropriate and individualized interventions. However, the needs of this group remain unmet, with ongoing calls for individualized support. This systematic review addressed the research question, "what are the psychosocial needs of AYACs aged 15-24 years?." PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant studies from January 2000 to December 2022 (inclusive). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods designs were included and 29 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings provide an overview of needs from the existing literature and support the idea of a changing constellation of psychosocial needs for AYACs in areas such as identity, relationships, mental health, autonomy, and occupation. The main implications for theory and future research include the importance of the developmental context and consideration of discrepancies in the age range used within the literature to define this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Neylon
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe Condren
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Looney
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Zsakai A, Ratz-Sulyok FZ, Koronczai B, Varro P, Toth E, Szarvas S, Tauber T, Karkus Z, Molnar K. Risk and protective factors for health behaviour in adolescence in Europe. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18638. [PMID: 37903868 PMCID: PMC10616169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the analysis was to identify the risk and protective factors for health behaviour in European adolescents from population health status and expenditure, mental health status, sexual life, social life and education indices and the existence of national strategies, programmes. National and international databases providing information on the presumed health behaviour predictors were used in the analysis. The existence of national health strategies, the level of health expenditure, the socioeconomic conditions, the level of education and literacy had significant influence on the health-risk behaviour of adolescents in the European societies. Six clusters of European countries were extracted by considering the health behaviour risks and health protection strategies. National health strategies combined with governmental support for health prevention and action plans have the most effective impact on the health-risk behaviour of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Zsakai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. S. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Fanny Zselyke Ratz-Sulyok
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Faculty of Science, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. S. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Koronczai
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Varro
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Science, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Toth
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szarvas
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tauber
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Veres Palne Gymnasium, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Karkus
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Apaczai Csere Janos Gymnasium, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnar
- Health Promotion and Education Research Team, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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Choi SH, Stommel M, Broman C, Raheb-Rauckis C. Age of Smoking Initiation in Relation to Multiple Health Risk Factors among US Adult Smokers: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Data (2006-2018). Behav Med 2023; 49:312-319. [PMID: 35465849 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of multiple health risk factors have been well-documented; however, still understudied are the effects of early smoking in the context of multiple health risk factors. This study aimed to examine the role of early smoking initiation in relation to several health risk factors, including heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity in later life among ever smokers in the USA. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2006 through 2018 were analyzed. The primary dependent variables were presence of three other risk factors: heavy drinking, physical inactivity, and obesity. The independent variable was the age of smoking initiation. Logit regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between smoking initiation and multiple health risk factors. All analyses were done in 2022. Among US adult smokers, 18.2% started smoking before age 15 (early initiators), 55.9% at ages 15-18 (middle initiators), and 25.9% at age 20 or later (late initiators). Compared to late smoking initiators, the odds of engaging in additional health risk factors increased by 37.3% among early initiators (OR = 1.373, 95% CI = 1.316, 1.432) and 7.7% among middle initiators (OR = 1.077, 95% CI= 1.041, 1.116). Additionally, current smoking was associated with higher odds (OR = 1.369, 95% CI = 1.322, 1.417) of having additional health risk factors compared to former smoking, with one exception: current smokers had lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.566, 95% CI = 0.537, 0.597). Tobacco control programs to prevent adolescents from initiating smoking may have the potential to prevent other health risk factors in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manfred Stommel
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Clifford Broman
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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10
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Defoe IN, Dubas JS, van Aken MAG. A cross-national study on adolescent substance use: Intentions, peer substance use, and parent-adolescent communication. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:641-655. [PMID: 36717971 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal two-wave cross-national study investigated whether intentions, friends' substance use, and parent-adolescent substance-use specific communication predict adolescent alcohol and cannabis use 1 year later, while estimating reversed links. The temporal order between these two substances was also examined. We used multi-group cross-lagged panel modeling on data from 2 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse samples: Sint Maarten (N = 350; Mage = 14.19) and the Netherlands (N = 602; Mage = 13.50). Results showed that in the Netherlands, cannabis use predicts more subsequent problems (alcohol use, intention to use cannabis, and affiliation with cannabis-using friends). But for Sint Maarten, alcohol use predicts more subsequent problems (cannabis use, intention to use alcohol, and affiliation with alcohol-using friends). These opposing results demonstrate that caution is warranted when generalizing results across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy N Defoe
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Thomas-Smith S, Klein EJ, Strelitz B, Jensen J, Parker E, Richardson L, McCarty CA, Shafii T. Electronic Screening for Adolescent Risk Behaviors in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial. West J Emerg Med 2022; 23:931-938. [PMID: 36409949 PMCID: PMC9683771 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2022.7.55755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study we aimed to assess the impact of an electronic health assessment with individualized feedback for risk behaviors in adolescents seeking care in a pediatric emergency department (ED). METHODS We conducted a randomized control trial using a tablet-based screening program with a study population of adolescents in a busy pediatric ED. The intervention group received the screening program with individualized feedback. The control group received the screening program without feedback. All participants received one-day and three-month follow-up surveys to assess behaviors and attitudes toward health behaviors. RESULTS A total of 296 subjects were enrolled and randomized. There was no difference in changes in risky behaviors between the control and experimental groups. A higher proportion of participants in the intervention groups reported that the screener changed the way they thought about their health at one-day follow-up (27.0%, 36/133) compared to the control group (15.5%, 20/129, P = .02). CONCLUSION This study successfully tested a multivariable electronic health screener in a real-world setting of a busy pediatric ED. The tool did not significantly change risky health behaviors in the adolescent population screened. However, our finding that the intervention changed adolescents' perceptions of their health opens a door to the continued development of electronic interventions to screen for and target risk behaviors in adolescents in the ED setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Thomas-Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Eileen J Klein
- University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bonnie Strelitz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer Jensen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth Parker
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laura Richardson
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carolyn A McCarty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Taraneh Shafii
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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12
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Ma Y, Wu H, Shen J, Wang J, Wang J, Hou Y. Correlation between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity among Chinese adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1027565. [PMID: 36408045 PMCID: PMC9670141 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1027565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyles such as physical exercise, sedentary behavior, eating habits, and sleep duration are all associated with adolescent overweight and obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Chinese adolescents' lifestyles clustered into different lifestyle patterns, and to analyze the correlation between these patterns and adolescent overweight and obesity. The investigated respondents included 13,670 adolescents aged 13-18 from various administrative regions in China. Latent class analysis was employed to cluster the lifestyles of adolescents, χ2 test and Logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between lifestyle patterns and overweight and obesity in adolescents. The results identified 6 types of Chinese adolescents' lifestyle patterns, as well as the significant differences in gender and age. The adolescents with high exercise-high calorie diet had the lowest risk of overweight and obesity, and the adolescents with low consciousness-low physical activity and low consciousness-unhealthy had the highest risk of overweight and obesity, which were 1.432 times and 1.346 times higher than those with high exercise-high calorie diet, respectively. The studied demonstrated that there was a coexistence of healthy behaviors and health-risk behaviors in the lifestyle clustering of Chinese adolescents. Low physical exercise and high intake of snacks and carbonated beverages were the most common. Physical exercise and health consciousness were the protective factors of overweight and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huipan Wu
- Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China,*Correspondence: Huipan Wu
| | - Jinbo Shen
- Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinxian Wang
- Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- Department of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Belardinelli P, Torbica A, Fattore G. Longitudinal associations between different measures of socioeconomic status and health behavior among adolescents. Data from a wealthy Italian region. Prev Med 2022; 160:107092. [PMID: 35594925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the association between socio-economic status and unhealthy behaviors among adolescents. By using different measures of socio-economic status, we capture both subjective aspects, as operationalized by perceived family affluence, and objective aspects, such as parents' educational levels and family affluence scale. We use data from a sample of 11,623 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2007, 2010, and 2014 in the Lombardy region of Italy. Results show that all of our measures of socio-economic status are correlated with unhealthy behaviors among adolescents. In particular, perceiving a family affluence below average is significantly correlated with a higher probability of reporting all of the unhealthy behaviors included in our analysis. Having at least one parent with university education significantly decreases the odds of being obese or overweight, having an unbalance diet, being physically inactive, and reporting sedentary behaviors. However, adolescents with at least one university educated parent are more likely to make use of cannabis. When controlling for all of our SES measures simultaneously, we find that family affluence scale is no longer significant in determining adolescents' behaviors. Our findings suggest that, when focusing on health inequalities among adolescents, self-perceptions and non-material dimensions of SES have more explanatory power than its material dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Belardinelli
- London School of Economics, Department of Government, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom.
| | - Aleksandra Torbica
- Bocconi University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management-CERGAS, Via Roentgen 1, Milan 20136, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Fattore
- Bocconi University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management-CERGAS, Via Roentgen 1, Milan 20136, Italy.
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14
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The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: a cross-sectional study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in all stages of life. However, there is a lack of reliable data regarding the recommended level of physical activity and its correlates related to physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour among school students in Iran. The aim of the present study was to report the prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among Iranian high school adolescents.
Methods
The Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used for data collection. Related data comprising socio-demographics, health risk behaviour and protective factors were obtained from 1517 high school students. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association between relevant independent variables (e.g. gender) and the dependent outcome variable (physical inactivity/sedentary behaviour).
Results
The prevalence of recommended physical activity by WHO was 27.8%, physical inactivity 72.2% and sedentary behaviour 71.4%. Being female, being overweight or obese, walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, sitting 3 or more hours/day (sedentary behaviour), insufficient vegetable intake, being bullied and lack of parental support, peer support and parental connectivity (protective factors) were positively associated with physical inactivity. On the other hand, walking/cycling to or from school on 5–7 days and inadequate fruit intake were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Walking/cycling to or from school on 1–4 days, being physically inactive, inadequate fruit intake and being bullied were positively associated with sedentary behaviour.
Conclusion
The prevalence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour was high in our studied sample. Interventions that address the issue of active school transport, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable intake, family and peer support and bullying should be given more priority by the public health authorities.
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15
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Powell TW, Jo M, Smith AD, Marshall BD, Thigpen S, Offiong A, Geffen SR. Supplementing Substance Use Prevention With Sexual Health Education: A Partner-Informed Approach to Intervention Development. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:109-117. [DOI: 10.1177/1524839920947683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplementing substance use prevention with sexual health education would allow educators to address the risk and protective factors that influence both health issues. This streamlined approach may minimize the inefficiencies of multisession, single-purpose interventions. Our team developed a supplemental sexual and reproductive health (SRH) unit to align with an existing evidence-based intervention, LifeSkills Training (LST). This goal of this article is to describe our process, final product, lessons learned, and future directions. Our partner-informed approach took place across three key phases: (1) formative insights, (2) unit development, and (3) pilot implementation. The final supplemental SRH unit is ten, 45-minute sessions offered to seventh- and eighth-grade students and includes a set of learning objectives that are aligned with individual sessions. The supplemental SRH unit also mirrors existing LST modules in length, flow, layout, facilitator instructions, focus on prevention, and utilization of a student workbook. Lessons learned include strategies to effectively incorporate a wide range of ongoing feedback from multiple sources and quickly respond to staff turnover. This partnership approach serves as a model for researchers and practitioners aiming to extend the reach of existing evidence-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Jo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne D. Smith
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beth D. Marshall
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santha Thigpen
- Maree G. Farring Elementary/Middle School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asari Offiong
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Barbosa BCR, Parajára MDC, de Paula W, Machado EL, Meireles AL. Age, skin color, self-rated health, and depression associated with co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors in university students: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022301. [PMID: 36541955 PMCID: PMC10065088 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0301.r1.10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The university context plays an important role in the health-disease process since students are potentially vulnerable to obesogenic behaviors that can influence long-term health. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with the co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors among university students. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a cross-sectional study at a Brazilian public university. METHODS This study was conducted with all university students in the first and second semesters of 2019 at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected between April and September 2019, using a self-administered questionnaire. The outcome was the co-occurrence of obesogenic behaviors, measured as the sum of three risk behaviors: inadequate eating practices, leisure-time physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior. A Venn diagram was used to evaluate the simultaneous occurrence of risk behaviors. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of 351 students participated in the study. Inadequate eating practices constituted the most prevalent isolated risk behavior (80.6%), which was also the most prevalent when combined with sedentary behavior (23.6%). University students aged 20 years or younger, with non-white skin color, poor self-rated health, and symptoms of depression had increased chances of simultaneous occurrence of obesogenic behaviors. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing actions to reduce combined obesogenic behaviors in the university environment. Institutions should focus on creating an environment that promotes health-protective behaviors such as physical activity and healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Carolina Rafael Barbosa
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in Health and
Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro
Preto (MG), Brazil
| | - Magda do Carmo Parajára
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program in Health and
Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro
Preto (MG), Brazil
| | - Waléria de Paula
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro
Preto (MG), Brazil
| | - Elaine Leandro Machado
- PhD. Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte
(MG), Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- PhD. Professor, Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition,
School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto (MG),
Brazil
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17
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Wijbenga L, de Winter AF, Almansa J, Vollebergh WAM, Korevaar EL, Hofstra J, Reijneveld SA. Multiple health risk behaviors and mental health from a life course perspective: The Dutch TRAILS study. Prev Med 2022; 154:106870. [PMID: 34780855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined trajectories of multiple health risk behavior (MHRB) patterns throughout adolescence, and changes in mental health from childhood to young adulthood. Further, we assessed how continuity or onset of MHRBs overall were associated with subsequent changes in mental health, and whether this varied by type of MHRBs. We used six waves of the prospective Dutch TRAILS study (2001-2016; n = 2229), covering ages 11 until 23. We measured MHRBs (substance use: alcohol misuse, cannabis use, smoking; and obesity-related: overweight, physical inactivity, irregular breakfast intake) at three time points during adolescence. We assessed mental health as Youth/Adult Self-report total problems at ages 11 and 23. Latent class growth analyses and ANOVA were used to examine longitudinal trajectories and associations. We identified six developmental trajectories for the total of MHRBs and mental health. Trajectories varied regarding likelihood of MHRBs throughout adolescence, mental health at baseline, and changes in mental health problems in young adulthood. We found no associations for the continuity of overall MHRBs throughout adolescence, and neither for early, mid- or late onset, with changes in mental health problems in young adulthood. However, continuity of MHRBs in the obesity-related subgroup was significantly associated with an increase in mental health problems. Adolescents with the same MHRB patterns may, when reaching adulthood, have different levels of mental health problems, with mental health at age 11 being an important predictor. Further, involvement with obesity-related MHRBs continuously throughout adolescence is associated with increased mental health problems in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Wijbenga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Research and Innovation Center for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea F de Winter
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josue Almansa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilma A M Vollebergh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, Room A2.30, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eliza L Korevaar
- Research and Innovation Center for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jacomijn Hofstra
- Research and Innovation Center for Rehabilitation, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen. University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Astolfi RC, Leite MA, Papa CHG, Ryngelblum M, Eisner M, Peres MFT. Association between self-control and health risk behaviors: a cross-sectional study with 9th grade adolescents in São Paulo. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1706. [PMID: 34538245 PMCID: PMC8451098 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-control (SC) has been consistently found associated with diverse health risk behaviors (HRBs), but little research refers to low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is evidence that some HRBs tend to aggregate, however studies with the specific purpose of addressing the relation between SC and multiple health risk behaviors (MHRBs) are rare. The objective of this study is to analyze these associations and provide evidence to help filling these gaps. METHODS A sample of 2106 9th grade students from the city of São Paulo responded a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. We tested the association of SC measured as an ordinal variable with four levels (higher, high, medium and low) with six HRBs (binge drinking, marijuana use, smoking, high consumption of ultra-processed food, sedentary behavior and bullying perpetration), in both separated and aggregated forms (MHRBs), controlling for potential confounders. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between exposure (SC) and single outcomes. In order to analyze the association of SC with MHRBs, multinomial logistic regression was employed. RESULTS SC was associated with five of six HRBs investigated and with MHRBs. The effect size of the association of SC and MHRBs increased in a steep pattern with accumulation of more HRBs. CONCLUSION Low self-control is associated with most HRBs investigated and the magnitude of the association increases when more than two or three HRBs are accumulated. There seems to be a group of adolescents in a position of pronounced vulnerability for MHRBs. This should be considered when designing public policy and prevention programs. In contexts of limited or scarce resources and public funds, interventions focusing the most vulnerable groups, instead of universal interventions, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Corradi Astolfi
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Address: Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 2o. andar - sala 2214, São Paulo, Postal Code: 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alvim Leite
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Address: Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 2o. andar - sala 2214, São Paulo, Postal Code: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Cassio Henrique Gomide Papa
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Address: Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 2o. andar - sala 2214, São Paulo, Postal Code: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ryngelblum
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Address: Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 2o. andar - sala 2214, São Paulo, Postal Code: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge and Professor of Developmental Criminology, Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fernanda Tourinho Peres
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Address: Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 2o. andar - sala 2214, São Paulo, Postal Code: 01246-903, Brazil
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19
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Raptou E. The Role of Snack Choices, Body Weight Stereotypes and Smoking Behavior in Assessing Risk Factors for Adolescent Overweight and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030557. [PMID: 33800293 PMCID: PMC8001685 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of behavioral factors, such as snack choices, obesity stereotypes and smoking with adolescents’ body weight. Individual-level data for 1254 Greek youths were selected via a formal questionnaire. Snack choices seem to be gender specific with girls showing a stronger preference for healthier snacks. Frequent consumption of high-calorie and more filling snacks was found to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) in both genders. Fruit/vegetable snacks were associated with lower body weight in females, whereas cereal/nut snacks had a negative influence in males’ BMI. The majority of participants expressed anti-fat attitudes and more boys than girls assigned positive attributes to lean peers. The endorsement of the thin-ideal was positively associated with the BMI of both adolescent boys and girls. This study also revealed that neglecting potential endogeneity issues can lead to biased estimates of smoking. Gender may be a crucial moderator of smoking–BMI relationships. Male smokers presented a higher obesity risk, whereas female smokers were more likely to be underweight. Nutrition professionals should pay attention to increase the acceptance of healthy snack options. Gender differences in the influence of weight stereotypes and smoking on BMI should be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raptou
- Laboratory of Management and Marketing, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece
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20
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Kowalski AJ, Addo OY, Kramer MR, Martorell R, Norris SA, Waford RN, Richter LM, Stein AD. Initial engagement and persistence of health risk behaviors through adolescence: longitudinal findings from urban South Africa. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:31. [PMID: 33430827 PMCID: PMC7798218 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about longitudinal patterns of adolescent health risk behavior initial engagement and persistence in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Birth to Twenty Plus is a longitudinal birth cohort in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. We used reports from Black African participants on cigarette smoking, alcohol, cannabis, illicit drug, and sexual activity initial engagement and adolescent pregnancy collected over 7 study visits between ages 11 and 18 y. We fit Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate behavior engagement or adolescent pregnancy, examined current behavior at age 18 y by age of first engagement, and performed a clustering analysis to identify patterns of initial engagement and their sociodemographic predictors. Results By age 13 y, cumulative incidence of smoking and alcohol engagement were each > 21%, while the cumulative incidence of other behaviors and adolescent pregnancy were < 5%. By age 18 y (15 y for cannabis), smoking, alcohol, and sexual activity engagement estimates were each > 65%, cannabis and illicit drug engagement were each > 16%; adolescent pregnancy was 31%. Rates of engagement were higher among males. Current risk behavior activity at age 18 y was generally unrelated to age of initial engagement. We identified three clusters reflecting low, moderate, and high-risk patterns of initial risk behavior engagement. One-third of males and 17% of females were assigned to the high-risk cluster. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with cluster membership. Conclusions Among urban dwelling Black South Africans, risk behavior engagement across adolescence was common and clustered into distinct patterns of initial engagement which were unrelated to the sociodemographic factors assessed. Patterns of initial risk behavior engagement may inform the timing of primary and secondary public health interventions and support integrated prevention efforts that consider multiple behaviors simultaneously. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-020-02486-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysse J Kowalski
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA.,SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - O Yaw Addo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7007, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael R Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7007, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7007, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa.,DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Child Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Rachel N Waford
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7007, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Linda M Richter
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Child Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE. Room 7007, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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21
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Hu J, Yang R, Li D, Zhao S, Wan Y, Tao F, Fang J, Zhang S. A latent class analysis of psychological symptoms and health risk behaviors among Chinese adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 55:102518. [PMID: 33370703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple health risk behaviors (HRBs) tend to co-occur which increase risks of mental disorder. In this study, we identified the association between latent class of HRBs and psychological symptoms in Chinese adolescents. We assessed 22 628 Chinese adolescents from November 2015 to January 2016. The average age of the students were (15.36 ± 1.79), among which there were 10 990 male students and 11 638 female students. A latent class analysis was applied to identity HRBs patterns. The multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine the association between HRBs patterns and psychological symptoms. Four latent classes were identified, characterized as low-risk class, moderate-risk class 1 (smoking/ alcohol use (AU)/screen time (ST)), moderate-risk class 2 (unhealthy losing weight (ULW)/ problematic mobile phone use (PMPU)), and high-risk class (ULW/smoking/AU/ST/ PMPU), which were 71.2 %, 3.2 %, 22.3 %, and 3.3 % of involved participants, respectively. Compared to the low-risk class, moderate-risk class 1, moderate-risk class 2, and high-risk class showed that adjusted OR (95 %CI) value of 1.97 (1.68-2.32), 3.98 (3.72-4.26) and 6.38 (CI: 5.47-7.44) were significantly associated with psychological symptoms (P < 0.001 for each). Our findings indicated that identifying different latent class of HRBs would be helpful for the design of tailored interventions, and prevention of different patterns of HRBs should be considered in the implementation of effective intervention programs related to psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle / Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui, China.
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22
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West AB, Bittel KM, Russell MA, Evans MB, Mama SK, Conroy DE. A systematic review of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and substance use in adolescents and emerging adults. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1155-1167. [PMID: 33044536 PMCID: PMC7549408 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood is marked by changes in both physical activity and substance use. This systematic review characterized associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior) and frequently used substances (alcohol, cannabis) among adolescents and emerging adults to inform lifestyle interventions that target multiple behavior change outcomes. This systematic review was guided by PRISMA. Electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched from inception through June 25, 2019. The search was designed to identify empirical studies reporting an association between physical activity or sedentary behavior and alcohol or cannabis, with search criteria determining eligibility based on several sampling characteristics (e.g., participants under 25 years of age). After identifying and screening 5,610 studies, data were extracted from 97 studies. Physical activity was positively associated with alcohol use among emerging adults, but the literature was mixed among adolescents. Sedentary behavior was positively associated with alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, but evidence was limited among emerging adults. Self-report measures were used in all but one study to assess these behaviors. Physical activity is linked to greater alcohol use among emerging adults. Whereas existing studies demonstrate that sedentary behavior might serve as a risk marker for alcohol and cannabis use among adolescents, additional primary research is needed to explore these associations in emerging adults. Future work should also use device-based measures to account for timing of and contextual features surrounding activity and substance use in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Kim EM, Kim H, Park E. How are depression and suicidal ideation associated with multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents? A secondary data analysis using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:595-606. [PMID: 31999868 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Adolescents who partake in one health risk behaviour (HRB) easily adopt other HRBs, simultaneously or subsequently. Multiple HRBs might threaten adolescents' future health in adulthood. Adolescents with psychological problems have higher rates of smoking, alcohol use, early sexual initiation and activity, and illicit substance use compared with others. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: A considerable number of Korean adolescents with mental health problems were engaged in multiple HRBs. For those with mental health problems, more than half of the Korean adolescents with multiple HRBs tended to use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently. Korean adolescents who felt depressed and had suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs. Substance abuse is the most prevalent problem that is combined with other HRBs among those with depression and suicidal ideation compared to those who exhibited other HRBs. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: When mental health nurses working in schools and community centres for mental health identify Korean adolescents with significant depression and suicide ideation levels, they should also assess adolescents' engagement in multiple HRBs. Population-based campaigns and policy changes that emphasize both psychological health and risky behaviour reduction among adolescents should be provided simultaneously to students and school nurses. ABSTRACT: Introduction There is limited understanding about whether poor mental health is associated with certain combinations of multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs) such as smoking, drinking, early sexual activity and substance abuse. Aim To determine the prevalence of multiple HRBs and to identify associations between poor mental health and multiple HRBs as the number of HRBs increases. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (N = 65,528). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted using the complex sample data. Results Overall, 28.6% and 13.9% of Korean adolescents were involved in one or multiple HRBs, respectively. Adolescents who were depressed (OR = 1.43-4.47, 95% CI = 1.37-1.49 to 3.23-6.20) and/or who had suicidal ideation (OR = 1.33-3.19, 95% CI = 1.25-1.42 to 2.25-4.51) were more likely to engage in multiple HRBs. Discussion A considerable numbers of Korean adolescents are engaged in multiple HRBs. When adolescents self-reported depression and suicidal ideation, they were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs than single HRB. Implications for practice Tailored interventions to decrease multiple HRBs should be designed and provided by considering adolescents' mental health status and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nursing, Sunlin University, Pohang-si, Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Park
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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24
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Campbell R, Wright C, Hickman M, Kipping RR, Smith M, Pouliou T, Heron J. Multiple risk behaviour in adolescence is associated with substantial adverse health and social outcomes in early adulthood: Findings from a prospective birth cohort study. Prev Med 2020; 138:106157. [PMID: 32473267 PMCID: PMC7378566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' engage in new behaviours such as substance use and change others, such as reducing physical activity. Risks to health from these tend to be considered separately. We examined the association between multiple risk behaviours at age 16 years and outcomes in early adulthood. 5591 young people enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provided data on at least one of seven adverse outcomes at age ~18 years. We used logistic regression to examine associations between total number of risk behaviours and rates of depression, anxiety, problem gambling, getting into trouble with the police, harmful drinking, obesity and not in education, employment or training (NEET) at age 18 years. We found strong associations between multiple risk behaviours and all seven adverse outcomes. For each additional risk behaviour engaged in the odds of harmful drinking increased by OR = 1.58[95%CI:1.48,1.69], getting into trouble with the police OR = 1.49[95%CI:1.42,1.57], having depression OR = 1.24[95%CI:1.17,1.31], problem gambling OR = 1.20[95%CI:1.13,1.27], NEET OR = 1.19[95%CI:1.11,1.29], anxiety OR = 1.18[95%CI:1.12,1.24] and obesity OR = 1.09[95%CI:1.03,1.15]. Neither adjustment for sex, parental socio-economic position and maternal risk behaviours, nor confining analyses to adolescents with no previous presentation of these adverse outcomes, resulted in any notable reductions in the odds ratios. Investment in interventions and environments that effectively prevent multiple risk behaviour is likely to improve a range of health outcomes in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Campbell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Caroline Wright
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Ruth R Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Michèle Smith
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | | | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
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25
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Marttila-Tornio K, Männikkö N, Ruotsalainen H, Miettunen J, Kääriäinen M. Lower parental socioeconomic status in childhood and adolescence predicts unhealthy health behaviour patterns in adolescence in Northern Finland. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:742-752. [PMID: 32666577 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between parental socioeconomic status in childhood and adolescence and unhealthy health behaviour patterns among adolescents in Northern Finland. METHODS The sample, drawn from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study, consisted of 15- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 4305). Data on socioeconomic status and health behaviours were based on questionnaires collected from cohort members and their parents during the former's childhood and adolescence. Logistic regression served to assess the association. RESULTS Controlling for all other factors in the model, several socioeconomic factors were found to be significant predictors of unhealthy health behaviour patterns. In childhood, father's low and medium education for boys, and mother's low or medium education as well as fathers' unemployment for girls predicted greater likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behaviour patterns. For both genders, having a stay-at-home mother in childhood (and for boys also in adolescence) protected from unhealthy health behaviour patterns. For boys, mother's and for girls, fathers' low occupational education in adolescence increased the risk of developing unhealthy patterns. CONCLUSIONS In the development of effective health prevention strategies, it is important to identify children and adolescents who are at risk of developing lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Marttila-Tornio
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Männikkö
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Ruotsalainen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Social Services and Rehabilitation, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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26
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Hestetun I, Svendsen MV, Oellingrath IM. Lifestyle, appearance satisfaction and depressive symptoms in 13-16 years old Norwegian adolescents - A cross-sectional study. Nord J Psychiatry 2019; 73:482-489. [PMID: 31419392 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1653964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine gender-specific associations between multiple lifestyle-related risk factors, appearance satisfaction and depressive symptoms in a sample of Norwegian adolescents (13-16 years of age), and to study the role of appearance satisfaction as a possible confounder in the associations between lifestyle and depressive symptoms. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from Ungdata, a cross-sectional national survey of adolescents in Norway. In total 4379 subjects were included in the study. We constructed a lifestyle risk index and used multiple logistic regressions to examine the associations between lifestyle-related risk factors, appearance satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Results: High screen time and use of alcohol were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among girls, while high screen time, tobacco and cannabis use were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among boys. An additive relationship was observed between the lifestyle risk index scores and the likelihood of depressive symptoms for both genders, the relationship being strongest among boys. Low appearance satisfaction was strongly associated with depressive symptoms, especially among boys, and identified as an important confounder in the associations between lifestyle and depressive symptoms, particularly among girls. Conclusions: High screen time was the most prevalent lifestyle risk behavior independently associated with depressive symptoms. Multiple lifestyle changes and improvement of appearance satisfaction should be included in measures targeting adolescents for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Future studies should elaborate on the gender differences in other adolescent age groups. Appearance satisfaction should be acknowledged as an important confounder in future studies of lifestyle and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg Hestetun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Martin V Svendsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Inger M Oellingrath
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health- and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway , Porsgrunn , Norway
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27
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Bodega P, Fernández-Alvira JM, Santos-Beneit G, de Cos-Gandoy A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Moreno LA, de Miguel M, Carral V, Orrit X, Carvajal I, Storniolo CE, Tresserra-Rimbau A, Doménech M, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fuster V. Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the SI! Program for Health Promotion in Secondary Schools. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2297. [PMID: 31561533 PMCID: PMC6835512 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between dietary habits and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adolescents have generated conflicting results. The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns (DP) in a large sample of Spanish adolescents and to assess their cross-sectional relationship with CVRF. In total, 1324 adolescents aged 12.5 ± 0.4 years (51.6% boys) from 24 secondary schools completed a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. DPs were derived by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels were assessed. Linear mixed models were applied to estimate the association between DPs and CVRF. Three DP-related clusters were obtained: Processed (29.2%); Traditional (39.1%); and Healthy (31.7%). Analogous patterns were obtained in the PCA. No overall differences in CVRF were observed between clusters except for z-BMI and z-FMI values, total cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol, with the Processed cluster showing the lowest mean values. However, differences were small. In conclusion, the overall association between DPs, as assessed by two different methods, and most analyzed CVRF was weak and not clinically relevant in a large sample of adolescents. Prospective analysis may help to disentangle the direction of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Alberto Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Carral
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Orrit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Carvajal
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education (SHE), 08008 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina E Storniolo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Sevil-Serrano J, Aibar-Solana A, Abós Á, Julián JA, García-González L. Healthy or Unhealthy? The Cocktail of Health-Related Behavior Profiles in Spanish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3151. [PMID: 31470547 PMCID: PMC6747495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and clustering of health-related behaviors in Spanish adolescents and to examine their association with sex, body mass index (BMI), different types of sedentary screen time, and adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines. A final sample of 173 students (M = 12.99 ± 0.51) participated in this study. Cluster analysis was conducted based on five health-related behaviors: PA and sedentary time derived from accelerometers, as well as healthy diet, sedentary screen time, and sleep duration derived from self-reported scales. Recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration) were analyzed both independently and combined. A total of 8.9% of the sample did not meet any of the guidelines, whereas 72.3%, 17.3%, and 1.7% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. Six distinct profiles were identified, most of them showing the co-occurrence of healthy- and unhealthy-related behaviors. Given that most of the adolescents failed to meet the combination of PA, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines, these findings suggest the necessity to implement school-based interventions that target multiple health behaviors, especially because (un)healthy behaviors do not always cluster in the same direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sevil-Serrano
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Aibar-Solana
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain
| | - Ángel Abós
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Julián
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain
| | - Luis García-González
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Didactics of the Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain
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Ivaniushina V, Titkova V, Alexandrov D. Peer influence in adolescent drinking behaviour: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of stochastic actor-based modeling studies. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028709. [PMID: 31326933 PMCID: PMC6661693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption is a considerable public health problem that is especially harmful to young people. To develop effective prevention programmes targeted at adolescents, it is important to understand the social mechanisms triggering alcohol consumption. Among such mechanisms, peer influence plays an important role. The effects of peer influence are very difficult to evaluate because of the entanglement with social selection, that is, a tendency of people to befriend others with similar behaviour. The recently developed stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOM) approach is designed to disentangle social influence from social selection. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies employing SAOM methodology to evaluate the effects of social influence on adolescent drinking behaviour. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In order to analyse the co-evolution of alcohol consumption and adolescent friendship networks, we will collect articles that use SAOM methodology through systematic electronic searches in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, SocINDEX, Academic Source, ERIC), ProQuest (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global), PsycINFO (PsycNET), Excerpta Medica database (Embase) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). We will collect the literature from academic journals, dissertations/theses, reports and conference materials. Three reviewers will retrieve and independently assess potentially relevant material in terms of whether they comply with prespecified criteria. Subsequently, we will summarise the results of the studies in a systematic review. If a sufficient number of studies can be found, SAOM quantitative results will be extracted and meta-analysed. The project will go from 1 December 2018 to 1 December 2019. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval will not be required as our work is based on published studies. A list of all the studies included in this work will be available for review. We plan dissemination in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal and through conference presentations. Our review will highlight the peer effect of peers in adolescent drinking behaviour and provide guidance for developing effective prevention and intervention programmes. We expect it to be informative for policy and practice, decision-making as well as for further research in public health and sociology of adolescents. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019119836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ivaniushina
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Titkova
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel Alexandrov
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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30
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Rosi A, Paolella G, Biasini B, Scazzina F. Dietary habits of adolescents living in North America, Europe or Oceania: A review on fruit, vegetable and legume consumption, sodium intake, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:544-560. [PMID: 31078365 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This review aimed at investigating fruit, vegetable and legume consumption, salt/sodium intake, and the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern in adolescents, three key aspects towards the adoption of a healthy diet. DATA SYNTHESIS Three separate searches were carried out on PubMed and Scopus, using the same procedure, searching for studies published in the previous decade with data on fruit and/or vegetable or legume consumption, salt or sodium intake, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet assessed using the KIDMED questionnaire. The review included a total of 58 papers, which describe original investigations on healthy adolescents (10-19 years old) living in North America, Europe or Oceania, with a sample size >150 participants. The average fruit and vegetable consumption has been found strongly below the recommended values of 400 grams or 5 portions per day in almost all the examined populations. Very little is known about adolescents' legume consumption. Few available data have been found also for sodium intake and, for the majority of the screened populations, levels were far above the recommended 5 grams per day. Lastly, a medium-low adherence to the Mediterranean Diet has been found for adolescents living in Mediterranean Countries. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents living in North America, Europe or Oceania are far from being compliant with the nutritional recommendations for fruit, vegetables, legumes, and sodium, and they do not follow the principles of the Mediterranean Diet. Educational and behavioural interventions are required to improve adolescents' dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rosi
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - G Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | - B Biasini
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - F Scazzina
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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McAloney-Kocaman K, Rogon PJ, Ireland L. Clustering of lifetime substance use and sexual intercourse among young people: Analysis of two school-based surveys. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2019.1602090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J.S. Rogon
- Scottish Children’s Reporter Administration (SCRA), Stirling, UK
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Brinker TJ, Buslaff F, Suhre JL, Silchmüller MP, Divizieva E, Wilhelm J, Hillebrand G, Penka D, Gaim B, Swoboda S, Baumermann S, Walther JW, Brieske CM, Jakob L, Baumert HM, Anhuef O, Schmidt SM, Alfitian J, Batra A, Taha L, Mons U, Hofmann FJ, Haney AC, Haney CM, Schaible S, Tran TA, Beißwenger H, Stark T, Groneberg DA, Seeger W, Srivastava A, Gall H, Holzapfel J, Rigotti NA, Baudson TG, Enk AH, Fröhling S, von Kalle C, Bernardes-Souza B, Pereira RMDOS, Thomas R. Process Evaluation of a Medical Student-Delivered Smoking Prevention Program for Secondary Schools: Protocol for the Education Against Tobacco Cluster Randomized Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e13508. [PMID: 30973348 PMCID: PMC6482400 DOI: 10.2196/13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most smokers start smoking during their early adolescence under the impression that smoking entails positive attributes. Given the addictive nature of cigarettes, however, many of them might end up as long-term smokers and suffering from tobacco-related diseases. To prevent tobacco use among adolescents, the large international medical students’ network Education Against Tobacco (EAT) educates more than 40,000 secondary school students per year in the classroom setting, using evidence-based self-developed apps and strategies. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the school-based EAT intervention in reducing smoking prevalence among seventh-grade students in Germany. Additionally, we aimed to improve the intervention by drawing conclusions from our process evaluation. Methods We conduct a cluster-randomized controlled trial with measurements at baseline and 9, 16, and 24 months postintervention via paper-and-pencil questionnaires administered by teachers. The study groups consist of randomized schools receiving the 2016 EAT curriculum and control schools with comparable baseline data (no intervention). The primary outcome is the difference of change in smoking prevalence between the intervention and control groups at the 24-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are between-group differences of changes in smoking-related attitudes and the number of new smokers, quitters, and never-smokers. Results A total of 11,268 students of both sexes, with an average age of 12.32 years, in seventh grade of 144 secondary schools in Germany were included at baseline. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in our sample was 2.6%. The process evaluation surveys were filled out by 324 medical student volunteers, 63 medical student supervisors, 4896 students, and 141 teachers. Conclusions The EAT cluster randomized trial is the largest school-based tobacco-prevention study in Germany conducted to date. Its results will provide important insights with regards to the effectiveness of medical student–delivered smoking prevention programs at school. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13508
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Buslaff
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jilada Wilhelm
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hillebrand
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Penka
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Gaim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Swoboda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Werner Walther
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lena Jakob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Ole Anhuef
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Marisa Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Alfitian
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anil Batra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lava Taha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Mons
- Cancer Prevention Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ailís Ceara Haney
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caelán Max Haney
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Schaible
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thien-An Tran
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Beißwenger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Stark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Aayushi Srivastava
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Julia Holzapfel
- Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tanja Gabriele Baudson
- Cognitive Science and Assessment Institute, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof von Kalle
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Roger Thomas
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mugayar LRF, Perez E, Nagasawa PR, Brown DG, Tolentino LA, Kuang HS, Behar-Horenstein LS. A Multi-Institutional Study of Dental Student Readiness to Address Adolescent Risk Behaviors. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:296-302. [PMID: 30692192 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this replication study was to determine if prior findings at one U.S. dental school about dental students' comfort discussing and perceptions of the relevance of 15 risk behaviors to adolescent patient oral health care would be observed at other institutions. All first- and fourth-year dental students (n=414) at three U.S. dental schools in fall 2017 were invited to participate, and 218 completed the survey (52.7% response rate). These students reported feeling comfortable to uncomfortable discussing risk behaviors with adolescent patients, yet perceived those risk behaviors as relevant to their oral health. There were significant differences in student comfort discussing risk behaviors with adolescents and their perceptions of relevance by gender, age, class status, and school location. Males were more comfortable than females discussing oral health risk behaviors. There were no significant differences by race/ethnicity. Fourth-year students had higher levels of comfort discussing risk behaviors than first-year students. Compared to students in the South and Midwest schools, students at the West school were more comfortable discussing selected topics and had higher perceptions of their relevance to adolescent oral health care. These results suggest there is room for improvement in this area of dental education. Dental schools should aim to strengthen students' knowledge of and comfort in discussing oral health risk behaviors with adolescent patients with the use of educational activities and clinical experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - Edna Perez
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - Pamela R Nagasawa
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - David G Brown
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - Lissette A Tolentino
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - Huan S Kuang
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida
| | - Linda S Behar-Horenstein
- Leda Regina Fernandes Mugayar is Associate Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Edna Perez is Assistant Clinical Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida; Pamela R. Nagasawa is Assistant Professor, Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington; David G. Brown is Professor, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lissette A. Tolentino is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; Huan S. Kuang is at the CTSI Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Florida; and Linda S. Behar-Horenstein, PhD, is Professor Emeritus, University of Florida.
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Assanangkornchai S, Li J, McNeil E, Saingam D. Clusters of alcohol and drug use and other health-risk behaviors among Thai secondary school students: a latent class analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1272. [PMID: 30453913 PMCID: PMC6245619 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol and drug use and other health-risk behaviors tend to cluster together among adolescents and contribute a large amount of harm to both themselves and to others. This paper aims to characterize secondary school students based on their clusters of health-risk behaviors and identify factors determining class membership to these behavior-clusters. Methods Data from a national school survey was used to identify clusters of alcohol and drug use and other health-risk behaviors among secondary school students aged 12–15 years using a latent class regression model. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of the cluster membership. Results A total of 25,566 students were included in the analysis, of which 88% were classified as having low-risk behaviors reporting only moderate alcohol use; 11% as having moderate-risk behaviors, such as driving under the influence of alcohol, fighting, carrying a weapon, and alcohol and tobacco use; and 0.6% as having high-risk behaviors, such as use of illicit drugs, particularly kratom and cannabis. Males, older students, those with a poor school performance, not living with parents, drug use by family members and peers, and having a low level of perceived disdain from their friends if they used drugs were significant risk factors for being in the moderate- and high-risk behavior classes. Conclusions Alcohol, tobacco and drug use, as well as other health-risk behaviors such as fighting, are clustered in Thai secondary school students. This result highlights the importance of comprehensive prevention and education strategies, particularly for moderate to high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jing Li
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Edward McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Darika Saingam
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Filakovska Bobakova D, Holubcikova J, Madarasova Geckova A, Dankulincova Veselska Z. What Protects Adolescents with Youth Subculture Affiliation from Excessive Internet Use? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2451. [PMID: 30400315 PMCID: PMC6266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Youth subculture affiliation (SA) appears to be an important risk factor with regard to adolescents' problem behavior. Excessive Internet use (EIU) has emerged as a new type of problem behavior; however, it has not yet been studied in adolescents affiliated with youth subcultures. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the association between SA and EIU and to explore the role of selected protective factors. We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2014 in Slovakia. The final sample for this study comprised 532 adolescents (mean age: 15.4; 49.6% boys). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations of EIU with SA. Adolescents with SA were more likely to report EIU. Adjustment for protective factors decreased the association between EIU and SA. From all tested interactions, only the interaction of SA with family support was found to be significant. The relationship between family support and EIU was mediated via Monitoring by the mother only in adolescents without SA. Our findings imply that the risk of EIU is higher in adolescents with SA. There was a difference in how protective factors worked in adolescents with and without SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Filakovska Bobakova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc 771 11, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Holubcikova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Institute of Research on Children, Youth and Family, Masaryk University, Jostova 218/10, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, Olomouc 771 11, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Dankulincova Veselska
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Tr. SNP 1, Kosice 040 66, Slovak.
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MacArthur G, Caldwell DM, Redmore J, Watkins SH, Kipping R, White J, Chittleborough C, Langford R, Er V, Lingam R, Pasch K, Gunnell D, Hickman M, Campbell R. Individual-, family-, and school-level interventions targeting multiple risk behaviours in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 10:CD009927. [PMID: 30288738 PMCID: PMC6517301 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009927.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engagement in multiple risk behaviours can have adverse consequences for health during childhood, during adolescence, and later in life, yet little is known about the impact of different types of interventions that target multiple risk behaviours in children and young people, or the differential impact of universal versus targeted approaches. Findings from systematic reviews have been mixed, and effects of these interventions have not been quantitatively estimated. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of interventions implemented up to 18 years of age for the primary or secondary prevention of multiple risk behaviours among young people. SEARCH METHODS We searched 11 databases (Australian Education Index; British Education Index; Campbell Library; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in the Cochrane Library; Embase; Education Resource Information Center (ERIC); International Bibliography of the Social Sciences; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; and Sociological Abstracts) on three occasions (2012, 2015, and 14 November 2016)). We conducted handsearches of reference lists, contacted experts in the field, conducted citation searches, and searched websites of relevant organisations. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), including cluster RCTs, which aimed to address at least two risk behaviours. Participants were children and young people up to 18 years of age and/or parents, guardians, or carers, as long as the intervention aimed to address involvement in multiple risk behaviours among children and young people up to 18 years of age. However, studies could include outcome data on children > 18 years of age at the time of follow-up. Specifically,we included studies with outcomes collected from those eight to 25 years of age. Further, we included only studies with a combined intervention and follow-up period of six months or longer. We excluded interventions aimed at individuals with clinically diagnosed disorders along with clinical interventions. We categorised interventions according to whether they were conducted at the individual level; the family level; or the school level. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We identified a total of 34,680 titles, screened 27,691 articles and assessed 424 full-text articles for eligibility. Two or more review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion in the review, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias.We pooled data in meta-analyses using a random-effects (DerSimonian and Laird) model in RevMan 5.3. For each outcome, we included subgroups related to study type (individual, family, or school level, and universal or targeted approach) and examined effectiveness at up to 12 months' follow-up and over the longer term (> 12 months). We assessed the quality and certainty of evidence using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. MAIN RESULTS We included in the review a total of 70 eligible studies, of which a substantial proportion were universal school-based studies (n = 28; 40%). Most studies were conducted in the USA (n = 55; 79%). On average, studies aimed to prevent four of the primary behaviours. Behaviours that were most frequently addressed included alcohol use (n = 55), drug use (n = 53), and/or antisocial behaviour (n = 53), followed by tobacco use (n = 42). No studies aimed to prevent self-harm or gambling alongside other behaviours.Evidence suggests that for multiple risk behaviours, universal school-based interventions were beneficial in relation to tobacco use (odds ratio (OR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 0.97; n = 9 studies; 15,354 participants) and alcohol use (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.92; n = 8 studies; 8751 participants; both moderate-quality evidence) compared to a comparator, and that such interventions may be effective in preventing illicit drug use (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.00; n = 5 studies; 11,058 participants; low-quality evidence) and engagement in any antisocial behaviour (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.98; n = 13 studies; 20,756 participants; very low-quality evidence) at up to 12 months' follow-up, although there was evidence of moderate to substantial heterogeneity (I² = 49% to 69%). Moderate-quality evidence also showed that multiple risk behaviour universal school-based interventions improved the odds of physical activity (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.50; I² = 0%; n = 4 studies; 6441 participants). We considered observed effects to be of public health importance when applied at the population level. Evidence was less certain for the effects of such multiple risk behaviour interventions for cannabis use (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.01; P = 0.06; n = 5 studies; 4140 participants; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence), sexual risk behaviours (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.12; P = 0.22; n = 6 studies; 12,633 participants; I² = 77%; low-quality evidence), and unhealthy diet (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.06; P = 0.13; n = 3 studies; 6441 participants; I² = 49%; moderate-quality evidence). It is important to note that some evidence supported the positive effects of universal school-level interventions on three or more risk behaviours.For most outcomes of individual- and family-level targeted and universal interventions, moderate- or low-quality evidence suggests little or no effect, although caution is warranted in interpretation because few of these studies were available for comparison (n ≤ 4 studies for each outcome).Seven studies reported adverse effects, which involved evidence suggestive of increased involvement in a risk behaviour among participants receiving the intervention compared to participants given control interventions.We judged the quality of evidence to be moderate or low for most outcomes, primarily owing to concerns around selection, performance, and detection bias and heterogeneity between studies. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Available evidence is strongest for universal school-based interventions that target multiple- risk behaviours, demonstrating that they may be effective in preventing engagement in tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug use, and antisocial behaviour, and in improving physical activity among young people, but not in preventing other risk behaviours. Results of this review do not provide strong evidence of benefit for family- or individual-level interventions across the risk behaviours studied. However, poor reporting and concerns around the quality of evidence highlight the need for high-quality multiple- risk behaviour intervention studies to further strengthen the evidence base in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina MacArthur
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Deborah M Caldwell
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - James Redmore
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Sarah H Watkins
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Ruth Kipping
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - James White
- School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityDECIPHer (Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement), Centre for Trials Research4th Floor Neuadd MeirionnyddCardiffUKCF14 4YS
| | - Catherine Chittleborough
- University of AdelaideSchool of Public HealthLevel 7, 178 North Terrace, Mail Drop DX 650 550AdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5005
| | - Rebecca Langford
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Vanessa Er
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Raghu Lingam
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Health and SocietyBaddiley‐Clark Building, Richardson RoadNewcastle Upon TyneUKNE2 4AX
| | - Keryn Pasch
- University of TexasDepartment of Kinesiology and Health Education1 University Station, D3700AustinTexasUSA78712
| | - David Gunnell
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Matthew Hickman
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
| | - Rona Campbell
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School39 Whatley RoadBristolUKBS8 2PS
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Voráčová J, Badura P, Hamrik Z, Holubčíková J, Sigmund E. Unhealthy eating habits and participation in organized leisure-time activities in Czech adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1505-1513. [PMID: 30014303 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A healthy lifestyle habits in adolescents consist of healthy eating patterns and active ways of spending leisure time. This study aimed to examine the relationship between organized leisure-time activities (OLTA) and eating habits in adolescence. Data from the 2013/2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study on 10,494 Czech adolescents aged 11-15 years was used. The associations of participation in OLTA with ten specific eating habits were analyzed using logistic regression. Involvement in any type of OLTA was associated with higher consumption of daily breakfast, fruit, and vegetables and a lower intake of soft drinks. Participants in non-sport and sport and other activity reported lower rates of unhealthy eating habits (e.g., lower rates of eating crisps and eating in front of the TV or computer). Participation only in sport was related to more frequent eating at fast food restaurants but less frequent snacking in front of the computer and intake of crisps. CONCLUSION Participation in OLTA was associated with healthier eating habits (e.g., consumption of fruit and vegetables) and a lower occurrence of unhealthy eating habits (e.g., consumption of soft drinks). Alternatively, our findings indicate that non-participation in OLTA can serve as an indicator of an unhealthy lifestyle in adolescence. What is Known • Unhealthy eating habits in youth tend to persist into adulthood and are related to adverse health consequences later in life. • The type of the leisure-time activity (participation in sport, non-sport, sport, and other activities) affects the strength of developmental outcomes in adolescents. What is New • Youth participating in non-sport activity and sport and other activity concurrently reported lower rates of unhealthy eating habits (e.g., eating junk food, eating in front of the TV/computer). • Non-participation in OLTA could be viewed as a potential risk factor for an unhealthy lifestyle in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Voráčová
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Badura
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Hamrik
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Holubčíková
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Tr. Miru 117, 77111, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wright C, Kipping R, Hickman M, Campbell R, Heron J. Effect of multiple risk behaviours in adolescence on educational attainment at age 16 years: a UK birth cohort study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020182. [PMID: 30061432 PMCID: PMC6067358 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between adolescent multiple risk behaviours (MRBs) and educational attainment. DESIGN Prospective population-based UK birth cohort study. SETTING Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK birth cohort of children born in 1991-1992. PARTICIPANTS Data on some or all MRB measures were available for 5401 ALSPAC participants who attended a clinic at age 15 years and/or completed a detailed questionnaire at age 16 years. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Capped General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) score and odds of attaining five or more GCSE examinations at grades A*-C. Both outcome measures come from the National Pupil Database and were linked to the ALSPAC data. RESULTS Engagement in MRB was strongly associated with poorer educational attainment. Each additional risk equated to -6.31 (95% CI -7.03 to -5.58, p<0.001) in capped GCSE score, equivalent to a one grade reduction or reduced odds of attaining five or more A*-C grades of 23% (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.81, p<0.001). The average cohort member engaged in 3.24 MRB and therefore have an associated reduction in GCSE score equivalent to three and a half grades in one examination, or reduced odds of attaining five or more A*-C grades of 75%. CONCLUSION Engagement in adolescent MRB is strongly associated with poorer educational attainment at 16 years. Preventing MRB could improve educational attainment and thereby directly and indirectly improve longer-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wright
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Matsuyama Y, Fujiwara T, Ochi M, Isumi A, Kato T. Self-control and dental caries among elementary school children in Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 46:465-471. [PMID: 29863283 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children's self-control is associated with various behaviour-related health problems in childhood and later in life. However, studies on self-control and dental caries, strongly associated with toothbrushing or drinking and eating behaviour, are limited. We investigated the association between self-control and the number of decayed or filled primary teeth (dft) among first-grade children (6-7 years old) in Japan and evaluated the mediation effect of oral health behaviour on this association. METHODS A cross-sectional study of all first-grade elementary school children and their caregivers in Adachi ward (Tokyo) was conducted in 2015. Clinically determined dft status among children and caregiver-administered questionnaires on self-control was linked (n = 4291; valid response rate = 80.1%). Self-control was assessed by the following single question: "in the last month, was your child able to give up on things they want or do things that they do not like to do for better future outcomes?" Poisson regression analysis was conducted adjusting for age in months, sex, parental educational attainment and household income. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediation effects of toothbrushing frequency, frequency of drinking sugar-sweetened beverages and snack-eating habits on the association. RESULTS Lower self-control was associated with higher dft after adjusting for all covariates (mean ratio = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.12). Toothbrushing frequency, frequency of drinking sugar-sweetened beverages and snack-eating habits mediated 18.1%, 36.1% and 38.3% of the association between self-control and dft, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening children's self-control might decrease their dental caries by improving their oral health behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Quality and Safety of Oral Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Japan Support Center for Suicide Countermeasures, National Institute of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Ookura, Tokyo, Japan
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Tavolacci MP, Delay J, Grigioni S, Déchelotte P, Ladner J. Changes and specificities in health behaviors among healthcare students over an 8-year period. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194188. [PMID: 29566003 PMCID: PMC5863977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare students are future health care providers and serve as role models and coaches to enhance behaviors for healthy lifestyles. However healthcare students face multiple stressors that could lead to adopting risk behaviors. OBJECTIVES To assess the changes in health risk factors among healthcare students between 2007 and 2015, and to identify specific health behaviors based on the curriculum in a population of healthcare students. METHODS Two cross sectionnal studies were conducted in 2007 and 2015 among nursing, medical, pharmacy, and physiotherapy students (Rouen, France). During compulsory courses and examination sessions students filled self-administered questionnaires on socio-demographic characteristics and behavior as: tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, cannabis consumption, eating disorders, regular practice of sport, perceived health, stress and use of psychotropic drugs. RESULTS 2,605 healthcare students were included (1,326 in 2007 and 1,279 in 2015), comprising 1,225 medical students (47.0%), 738 nursing students (28.3%), 362 pharmacy students (13.9%), and 280 physiotherapy students (10.8%). Between 2007 and 2015, occasional binge drinking and regular practice of sport increased significantly among healthcare students, respectively AOR = 1.48 CI95% (1.20-1.83) and AOR = 1.33 CI95% (1.11-1.60), regular cannabis consumption decreased significantly, AOR = 0.32 CI95% (0.19-0.54). There was no change in smoking or overweight/obese. There was a higher risk of frequent binge drinking and a lower risk of tobacco smoking in all curricula than in nursing students. Medical students practiced sport on a more regular basis, were less overweight/obese, had fewer eating disorders than nursing students. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a stable frequency of classic behaviors as smoking but a worsening of emerging behaviors as binge drinking among healthcare students between 2007 and 2015. Health behaviors differed according to healthcare curricula and nursing students demonstrated higher risks. As health behaviors are positively related to favorable attitudes towards preventive counseling, therefore healthcare students should receive training in preventive counseling and develop healthy lifestyles targeted according to the health curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Tavolacci
- Clinical Investigation Center 1404, IRIB, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - J. Delay
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - S. Grigioni
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - P. Déchelotte
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nutrition, Rouen, France
| | - J. Ladner
- Rouen University Hospital, Inserm U1073, IRIB, Rouen, France
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Rouen, France
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Behavioural patterns only predict concurrent BMI status and not BMI trajectories in a sample of youth in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190405. [PMID: 29293654 PMCID: PMC5749779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Youth are engaging in multiple risky behaviours, increasing their risk of overweight, obesity, and related chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of engaging in unique clusters of unhealthy behaviours on youths’ body mass index (BMI) trajectories. Methods This study used a linked-longitudinal sample of Grades 9 and 10 students (13 to 17 years of age) participating in the COMPASS host study. Students reported obesity-related and other risky behaviours at baseline and height and weight (to derive BMI) at baseline (2012/2013) and annually for 2 years post-baseline (2013/14 and 2014/15). Students were grouped into behavioural clusters based on response probabilities. Linear mixed effects models, using BMI as a continuous outcome measure, were used to examine the effect of engaging in clusters of risky behaviours on BMI trajectories. Results There were significant differences in BMI of the four behavioural clusters at baseline that remained consistent over time. Higher BMI values were found among youth classified at baseline to be Typical High School Athletes (β = 0.232 kg/m2, [confidence interval (CI): 0.03–0.50]), Inactive High Screen-User (β = 0.348 kg/m2, CI: 0.11–0.59) and Moderately Active Substance Users (β = 0.759 kg/m2, CI: 0.36–1.15) compared to students classified as Health Conscious. Despite these baseline differences, BMI appeared to increase across all behavioural clusters annually by the same amount (β = 0.6097 kg/m2, (CI) = 0.57–0.64). Conclusions Although annual increases in BMI did not differ by behavioural clusters, membership in a particular behavioural cluster was associated with baseline BMI, and these differences remained consistent over time. Results indicate that intervening and modifying unhealthy behaviours earlier might have a greater impact than during adolescence. Health promotion strategies targeting the highest risk youth as they enter secondary school might be promising means to prevent or delay the onset of obesity.
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Pettigrew S, Jongenelis M, Lawrence D, Rikkers W. Common and differential factors associated with abstinence and poly drug use among Australian adolescents. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2017; 50:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Casola AR, Nelson DB, Patterson F. Sex Differences in Contraception Non-Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:641-649. [PMID: 28766314 PMCID: PMC5707118 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contraception non-use among sexually active adolescents is a major cause of unintended pregnancy (UP). METHODS In this cross-sectional study we sought to identify overall and sex-specific correlates of contraception non-use using the 2015 Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) (N = 9540). Multivariate regression models were used to examine mental health, sexual activity, substance use, and violence indicators on reported contraception non-use among sexually active youth. RESULTS Marijuana use among boys and girls was a statistically significant risk factor for contraception non-use. Availability of illegal drugs on school property in the past year was also significantly related to contraception non-use among boys. CONCLUSIONS These results may inform overall and sex-specific adolescent programs to promote consistent contraception use among urban youth within school-based communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Casola
- Graduate Research Assistant, Temple University, College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Deborah B. Nelson
- Associate Professor, Temple University College of Public Health, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Freda Patterson
- Assistant Professor, University of Delaware, Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, 26 N. College Avenue, Newark, DE 19716
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Ssewanyana D, Nyongesa MK, van Baar A, Newton CR, Abubakar A. Health risk behavior among chronically ill adolescents: a systematic review of assessment tools. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28725261 PMCID: PMC5512752 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with chronic illnesses engage in health risk behaviors (HRB) which pose challenges for optimizing care and management of their ill health. Frequent monitoring of HRB is recommended, however little is known about which are the most useful tools to detect HRB among chronically ill adolescents. AIMS This systematic review was conducted to address important knowledge gaps on the assessment of HRB among chronically ill adolescents. Its specific aims were to: identify HRB assessment tools, the geographical location of the studies, their means of administration, the psychometric properties of the tools and the commonest forms of HRB assessed among adolescents living with chronic illnesses globally. METHODS We searched in four bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts for empirical studies published until April 2017 on HRB among chronically ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. RESULTS This review indicates a major dearth of research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents especially in low income settings. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and Health Behavior in School-aged Children were the commonest HRB assessment tools. Only 21% of the eligible studies reported psychometric properties of the HRB tools or items. Internal consistency was good and varied from 0.73 to 0.98 whereas test-retest reliability varied from unacceptable (0.58) to good (0.85). Numerous methods of tool administration were also identified. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use and physical inactivity are the commonest forms of HRB assessed. CONCLUSION Evidence on the suitability of the majority of the HRB assessment tools has so far been documented in high income settings where most of them have been developed. The utility of such tools in low resource settings is often hampered by the cultural and contextual variations across regions. The psychometric qualities were good but only reported in a minority of studies from high income settings. This result points to the need for more resources and capacity building for tool adaptation and validation, so as to enhance research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moses Kachama Nyongesa
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- 0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles R. Newton
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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Cottrell LA, Lilly CA, Metzger A, Cottrell SA, Epperly AD, Rishel C, Wang B, Stanton BF. Constructing tailored parental monitoring strategy profiles to predict adolescent disclosure and risk involvement. Prev Med Rep 2017; 7:147-151. [PMID: 28660123 PMCID: PMC5480979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many parents use multiple monitoring strategies in different combinations over time to monitor their adolescents. Adolescents of parents who use multiple strategies reported greater risk involvement. Parents who solicited information only from adolescents had greater knowledge and adolescent disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Cottrell
- Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Christa A Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Aaron Metzger
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Scott A Cottrell
- Department of Medical Education, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Andrew D Epperly
- Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Carrie Rishel
- School of Social Work, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Bo Wang
- Prevention Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Bonita F Stanton
- Office of Dean of Research, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Abbs ES, Viñoles J, Alarcón JO, Johnson HM, Zunt JR. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Peruvian adolescents living in a peri-urban shantytown: a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:19. [PMID: 28532431 PMCID: PMC5440987 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults of the peri-urban Peruvian shantytown of Lomas de Zapallal have a high prevalence of risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)-likely due to behavioral choices established during childhood and adolescence. To guide the development of community-based risk reduction programs, we assessed the prevalence of risk factors for developing CVD among adolescents. METHODS We collected cross sectional data from adolescents of Peruvian peri-urban shantytown to evaluate four domains of CVD risk factors: (1) clinical (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipids), (2) anthropometric (height, weight, and waist circumference), (3) behavioral (physical activity, diet, and substance abuse), and (4) psychosocial (mental health and violence). RESULTS We enrolled 275 adolescents (56.4% female, mean age 14 years). Prevalence of overweight or obese status was 27.8%. High blood pressure was more common in males (37.4%) than females (20.5%) (p = 0.002). Total cholesterol was elevated (>170 mg/dL) in nearly half (45.5%) of the adolescents, and 71% had impaired fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/dL). Females were less likely to exercise daily (95.4%) than males (84.2%) (p = 0.002) but reported higher rates of depression (66.4%), anhedonia (67.6%), and self-harm behavior (37.9%) (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents living in the peri-urban population of Puente Piedra had high prevalence of risk factors for future development of CVD; preventative efforts focused on improving nutrition, increasing physical inactivity, and addressing mental health conditions could reduce such risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Abbs
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/512 CSC, MC 3248, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, 53792, WI, USA.
| | - José Viñoles
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "D.A. Carrion" de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jiron Jose Santos Chocano 199, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge O Alarcón
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "D.A. Carrion" de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jiron Jose Santos Chocano 199, Lima, Peru
| | - Heather M Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, H4/512 CSC, MC 3248, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, 53792, WI, USA
| | - Joseph R Zunt
- Departments of Neurology, Global Health and Medicine (Infectious Disease) of University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA
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Winpenny EM, Penney TL, Corder K, White M, van Sluijs EMF. Change in diet in the period from adolescence to early adulthood: a systematic scoping review of longitudinal studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:60. [PMID: 28472992 PMCID: PMC5418762 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late adolescence to early adulthood is a period of lifestyle change and personal development which may influence dietary behaviour. Understanding dietary trajectories across this age range may help in targeting interventions appropriately. This scoping review aimed to assess how longitudinal change in diet is conceptualised and measured between the ages of 13 to 30. METHODS We searched Medline, SCOPUS, Embase, PsycInfo (EBSCO), ASSIA, Sportdiscus, and Web of Science Core Collection (January 2016) using search terms combining diet outcomes, longitudinal methods and indicators of adolescent or young adult age. Titles and abstracts were screened and data extracted following published guidelines for scoping reviews. Data were analysed to summarize key data on each study and map availability of longitudinal data on macronutrients and food groups by age of study participants. RESULTS We identified 98 papers reporting on 40 studies. Longitudinal dietary data were available on intake of energy, key macronutrients and several food groups, but this data had significant gaps and limitations. Most studies provided only two or three waves of data within the age range of interest and few studies reported data collected beyond the early twenties. A range of dietary assessment methods were used, with greater use of less comprehensive dietary assessment methods among studies reporting food group intakes. CONCLUSION Despite limited availability of longitudinal data to aid understanding of dietary trajectories across this age range, this scoping review identified areas with scope for further evidence synthesis. We identified a paucity of longitudinal data continuing into the mid and late twenties, variability in (quality of) dietary assessment methods, and a large variety of macronutrients and food groups studied. Advances in dietary assessment methodologies as well as increased use of social media may facilitate new data collection to further understanding of changing diet across this life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Winpenny
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Tarra L. Penney
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Martin White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Bolland AC, Tomek S, Bolland JM. Does Missing Data in Studies of Hard-to-Reach Populations Bias Results? Not Necessarily. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2017.72021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Family Affluence and the Eating Habits of 11- to 15-Year-Old Czech Adolescents: HBSC 2002 and 2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13101034. [PMID: 27783063 PMCID: PMC5086773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequalities in eating habits have a profound impact on the health of adolescents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate socioeconomic disparities in the eating habits of Czech adolescents and to compare their change between 2002 and 2014. The data from the Czech Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted in 2002 and 2014 was utilized. The Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was used to assess socioeconomic disparities. Higher odds of daily consumption of fruit (2002: OR = 1.67; 2014: OR = 1.70, p < 0.001) and vegetables (2002: OR = 1.54; 2014: OR = 1.48, p < 0.001) were associated with high FAS in both genders. Adolescents with higher FAS were less likely to consume sweets (2002: OR = 0.72, p < 0.05) and more likely to eat breakfast on weekdays (2014: OR = 1.19, p < 0.05). In 2002 and 2014, the data showed lower odds of daily consumption of soft drinks (Low: OR = 0.47; Medium: OR = 0.43; High: OR = 0.41, p < 0.001), fruit (Low: OR = 0.73; Medium: OR = 0.74, p < 0.001; High: OR = 0.75, p < 0.05), sweets (Low: OR = 0.71; Medium: OR = 0.79, p < 0.001) and breakfast on weekends (High: OR = 0.70, p < 0.05), and a higher likelihood of eating breakfast on weekdays (Low: OR = 1.26, p < 0.01; Medium: OR = 1.13, p < 0.05). These findings play an important role in future public measures to improve dietary habits and decrease social inequalities in youth.
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Daly M, Egan M, Quigley J, Delaney L, Baumeister RF. Childhood self-control predicts smoking throughout life: Evidence from 21,000 cohort study participants. Health Psychol 2016; 35:1254-1263. [PMID: 27607137 PMCID: PMC5067157 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Low self-control has been linked with smoking, yet it remains unclear whether childhood self-control underlies the emergence of lifetime smoking patterns. We examined the contribution of childhood self-control to early smoking initiation and smoking across adulthood. Methods: 21,132 participants were drawn from 2 nationally representative cohort studies; the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS). Child self-control was teacher-rated at age 10 in the BCS and at ages 7 and 11 in the NCDS. Participants reported their smoking status and number of cigarettes smoked per day at 5 time-points in the BCS (ages 26–42) and 6 time-points in the NCDS (ages 23–55). Both studies controlled for socioeconomic background, cognitive ability, psychological distress, gender, and parental smoking; the NCDS also controlled for an extended set of background characteristics. Results: Early self-control made a substantial graded contribution to (not) smoking throughout life. In adjusted regression models, a 1-SD increase in self-control predicted a 6.9 percentage point lower probability of smoking in the BCS, and this was replicated in the NCDS (5.2 point reduced risk). Adolescent smoking explained over half of the association between self-control and adult smoking. Childhood self-control was positively related to smoking cessation and negatively related to smoking initiation, relapse to smoking, and the number of cigarettes smoked in adulthood. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence that low childhood self-control predicts an increased risk of smoking throughout adulthood and points to adolescent smoking as a key pathway through which this may occur.
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