1
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Stewart CL, Hook AL, Zelzer M, Marlow M, Piccinini AM. Cellular and microenvironmental cues that promote macrophage fusion and foreign body response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411872. [PMID: 39034997 PMCID: PMC11257916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
During the foreign body response (FBR), macrophages fuse to form foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Modulation of FBGC formation can prevent biomaterial degradation and loss of therapeutic efficacy. However, the microenvironmental cues that dictate FBGC formation are poorly understood with conflicting reports. Here, we identified molecular and cellular factors involved in driving FBGC formation in vitro. Macrophages demonstrated distinct fusion competencies dependent on monocyte differentiation. The transition from a proinflammatory to a reparative microenvironment, characterised by specific cytokine and growth factor programmes, accompanied FBGC formation. Toll-like receptor signalling licensed the formation of FBGCs containing more than 10 nuclei but was not essential for cell-cell fusion to occur. Moreover, the fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk influenced FBGC development, with the fibroblast secretome inducing macrophages to secrete more PDGF, which enhanced large FBGC formation. These findings advance our understanding as to how a specific and timely combination of cellular and microenvironmental factors is required for an effective FBR, with monocyte differentiation and fibroblasts being key players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Marlow
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Piccinini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Hassan N, Krieg T, Kopp A, Bach AD, Kröger N. Challenges and Pitfalls of Research Designs Involving Magnesium-Based Biomaterials: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6242. [PMID: 38892430 PMCID: PMC11172609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-based biomaterials hold remarkable promise for various clinical applications, offering advantages such as reduced stress-shielding and enhanced bone strengthening and vascular remodeling compared to traditional materials. However, ensuring the quality of preclinical research is crucial for the development of these implants. To achieve implant success, an understanding of the cellular responses post-implantation, proper model selection, and good study design are crucial. There are several challenges to reaching a safe and effective translation of laboratory findings into clinical practice. The utilization of Mg-based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery post-healing and mitigates adverse effects associated with permanent biomaterial implantation. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants poses challenges such as unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. The biocompatibility and degradability of materials based on magnesium have been studied by many researchers in vitro; however, evaluations addressing the impact of the material in vivo still need to be improved. Several animal models, including rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs, have been explored to assess the potential of magnesium-based materials. Moreover, strategies such as alloying and coating have been identified to enhance the degradation rate of magnesium-based materials in vivo to transform these challenges into opportunities. This review aims to explore the utilization of Mg implants across various biomedical applications within cellular (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alexander D. Bach
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
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3
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Conci C, Sironi L, Jacchetti E, Panzeri D, Inverso D, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Collini M, Cerullo G, Chirico G, Raimondi MT. In vivo label-free tissue histology through a microstructured imaging window. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016102. [PMID: 38222895 PMCID: PMC10787586 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue histopathology, based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of thin tissue slices, is the gold standard for the evaluation of the immune reaction to the implant of a biomaterial. It is based on lengthy and costly procedures that do not allow longitudinal studies. The use of non-linear excitation microscopy in vivo, largely label-free, has the potential to overcome these limitations. With this purpose, we develop and validate an implantable microstructured device for the non-linear excitation microscopy assessment of the immune reaction to an implanted biomaterial label-free. The microstructured device, shaped as a matrix of regular 3D lattices, is obtained by two-photon laser polymerization. It is subsequently implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs for 7 days to act as an intrinsic 3D reference frame for cell counting and identification. The histological analysis based on H&E images of the tissue sections sampled around the implanted microstructures is compared to non-linear excitation and confocal images to build a cell atlas that correlates the histological observations to the label-free images. In this way, we can quantify the number of cells recruited in the tissue reconstituted in the microstructures and identify granulocytes on label-free images within and outside the microstructures. Collagen and microvessels are also identified by means of second-harmonic generation and autofluorescence imaging. The analysis indicates that the tissue reaction to implanted microstructures is like the one typical of CAM healing after injury, without a massive foreign body reaction. This opens the path to the use of similar microstructures coupled to a biomaterial, to image in vivo the regenerating interface between a tissue and a biomaterial with label-free non-linear excitation microscopy. This promises to be a transformative approach, alternative to conventional histopathology, for the bioengineering and the validation of biomaterials in in vivo longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Conci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sironi
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Donato Inverso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), CNR and Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Department of Physics, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta,” Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
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4
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Ghosh M, McGurk F, Norris R, Dong A, Nair S, Jellison E, Murphy P, Verma R, Shapiro LH. The Implant-Induced Foreign Body Response Is Limited by CD13-Dependent Regulation of Ubiquitination of Fusogenic Proteins. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:663-676. [PMID: 38149920 PMCID: PMC10828181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Implanted medical devices, from artificial heart valves and arthroscopic joints to implantable sensors, often induce a foreign body response (FBR), a form of chronic inflammation resulting from the inflammatory reaction to a persistent foreign stimulus. The FBR is characterized by a subset of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) formed by macrophage fusion, the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), accompanied by inflammatory cytokines, matrix deposition, and eventually deleterious fibrotic implant encapsulation. Despite efforts to improve biocompatibility, implant-induced FBR persists, compromising the utility of devices and making efforts to control the FBR imperative for long-term function. Controlling macrophage fusion in FBGC formation presents a logical target to prevent implant failure, but the actual contribution of FBGCs to FBR-induced damage is controversial. CD13 is a molecular scaffold, and in vitro induction of CD13KO bone marrow progenitors generates many more MGCs than the wild type, suggesting that CD13 regulates macrophage fusion. In the mesh implant model of FBR, CD13KO mice produced significantly more peri-implant FBGCs with enhanced TGF-β expression and increased collagen deposition versus the wild type. Prior to fusion, increased protrusion and microprotrusion formation accompanies hyperfusion in the absence of CD13. Expression of fusogenic proteins driving cell-cell fusion was aberrantly sustained at high levels in CD13KO MGCs, which we show is due to a novel CD13 function, to our knowledge, regulating ubiquitin/proteasomal protein degradation. We propose CD13 as a physiologic brake limiting aberrant macrophage fusion and the FBR, and it may be a novel therapeutic target to improve the success of implanted medical devices. Furthermore, our data directly implicate FBGCs in the detrimental fibrosis that characterizes the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Fraser McGurk
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Rachael Norris
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Andy Dong
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Sreenidhi Nair
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
| | - Linda H. Shapiro
- Centers for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT
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5
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Dooling LJ, Andrechak JC, Hayes BH, Kadu S, Zhang W, Pan R, Vashisth M, Irianto J, Alvey CM, Ma L, Discher DE. Cooperative phagocytosis of solid tumours by macrophages triggers durable anti-tumour responses. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1081-1096. [PMID: 37095318 PMCID: PMC10791169 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In solid tumours, the abundance of macrophages is typically associated with a poor prognosis. However, macrophage clusters in tumour-cell nests have been associated with survival in some tumour types. Here, by using tumour organoids comprising macrophages and cancer cells opsonized via a monoclonal antibody, we show that highly ordered clusters of macrophages cooperatively phagocytose cancer cells to suppress tumour growth. In mice with poorly immunogenic tumours, the systemic delivery of macrophages with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) genetically knocked out or else with blockade of the CD47-SIRPα macrophage checkpoint was combined with the monoclonal antibody and subsequently triggered the production of endogenous tumour-opsonizing immunoglobulin G, substantially increased the survival of the animals and helped confer durable protection from tumour re-challenge and metastasis. Maximizing phagocytic potency by increasing macrophage numbers, by tumour-cell opsonization and by disrupting the phagocytic checkpoint CD47-SIRPα may lead to durable anti-tumour responses in solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Dooling
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason C Andrechak
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Siddhant Kadu
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Zhang
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruby Pan
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manasvita Vashisth
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Irianto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cory M Alvey
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leyuan Ma
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Physical Sciences-Oncology Center at Penn, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Arumugam SD, Kanniyappan B, Giri U, Muthanandam S. Aggressive giant cell lesion of mandible-confusing to common: true neoplasm versus reactive lesion. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e253499. [PMID: 37142281 PMCID: PMC10163411 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Destructive lesions in the craniofacial region especially in the jawbones, if associated with giant cells, include a spectrum of lesions that pose difficulty in diagnosis. The nature of such a lesion in the jawbones is questionable about whether it is a reactive/benign lesion or aggressive/non-aggressive. Clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation may be a reliable indicator to differentiate between the qualities of the lesion, which directly accounts for effective and individual planning of the treatment. Here we present a case of a woman in her late 20s with an unusual destructive lesion of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santha Devy Arumugam
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Bharathraj Kanniyappan
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
| | - Umamaheswari Giri
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Pondicherry, India
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7
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Barik A, Kirtania MD. In-Vitro and In-Vivo Tracking of Cell-Biomaterial Interaction to Monitor the Process of Bone Regeneration. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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8
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Zheng C, Kuang D, Ding K, Huang X, Fan H, Yang L, Wang Y, Zhang X. A functionalized biological heart valve by double bond crosslinking with enhanced biocompatibility and antithrombogenicity. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10001-10017. [PMID: 36472327 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the advancement of minimally invasive interventional therapy, biological heart valves (BHVs) have been extensively used in clinics. However, BHVs are generally prone to degeneration within 10-15 years after implantation due to defects including cytotoxicity, immune response, calcification and thrombosis, which are closely related to glutaraldehyde-crosslinking. In this work, we prepared a functionalized BHV through the in situ polymerization of methacrylated porcine pericardium and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to avoid and overcome the defects of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked BHVs. The functionalized BHV was proven to be stable against enzymatic degradation and compatible towards HUVECs. After implantation in rats subcutaneously, a significantly mitigated immune response and reduced calcification were observed in the functionalized BHV. With the grafting of hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymers, the antithrombogenicity of BHV was markedly enhanced by resisting the unfavorable adhesion of blood components. Moreover, the hydrodynamics of the functionalized BHV totally conformed to ISO 5840-3 under a wide range of simulated physiological conditions. These results indicate that the functionalized BHV with enhanced biocompatibility, anticalcification property and antithrombogenicity exhibited a low risk of degeneration and should be explored for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Dajun Kuang
- Venus Medtech (Hangzhou) Inc., Hangzhou, China
| | - Kailei Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xueyu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, No. 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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9
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Poulis N, Martin M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY, Fioretta ES. Macrophage-extracellular matrix interactions: Perspectives for tissue engineered heart valve remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952178. [PMID: 36176991 PMCID: PMC9513146 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ heart valve tissue engineering approaches have been proposed as promising strategies to overcome the limitations of current heart valve replacements. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) generated from in vitro grown tissue engineered matrices (TEMs) aim at mimicking the microenvironmental cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to favor integration and remodeling of the implant. A key role of the ECM is to provide mechanical support to and attract host cells into the construct. Additionally, each ECM component plays a critical role in regulating cell adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation potential. Importantly, the immune response to the implanted TEHV is also modulated biophysically via macrophage-ECM protein interactions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the interactions and signaling networks occurring between ECM proteins and macrophages, and how these interactions may impact the long-term in situ remodeling outcomes of TEMs. First, we provide an overview of in situ tissue engineering approaches and their clinical relevance, followed by a discussion on the fundamentals of the remodeling cascades. We then focus on the role of circulation-derived and resident tissue macrophages, with particular emphasis on the ramifications that ECM proteins and peptides may have in regulating the host immune response. Finally, the relevance of these findings for heart valve tissue engineering applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Poulis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maximilian Y. Emmert, ,
| | - Emanuela S. Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Emanuela S. Fioretta,
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10
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Ahmadzadeh K, Vanoppen M, Rose CD, Matthys P, Wouters CH. Multinucleated Giant Cells: Current Insights in Phenotype, Biological Activities, and Mechanism of Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873226. [PMID: 35478968 PMCID: PMC9035892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A lesser-known attribute of macrophages is their ability to fuse with each other to form multinucleated giant cells. Based on their morphology and functional characteristics, there are in general three types of multinucleated giant cells including osteoclasts, foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells and under physiological conditions they participate in bone remodeling. However, under pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction and bone loss. Foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells appear only under pathological conditions. While foreign body giant cells are found in immune reactions against foreign material, including implants, Langhans giant cells are associated with granulomas in infectious and non-infectious diseases. The functionality and fusion mechanism of osteoclasts are being elucidated, however, our knowledge on the functions of foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells is limited. In this review, we describe and compare the phenotypic aspects, biological and functional activities of the three types of multinucleated giant cells. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the multinucleation process and highlight key molecules in the different phases of macrophage fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Ahmadzadeh
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
| | - Margot Vanoppen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos D. Rose
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Nemours Children’s Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Helena Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division Pediatric Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
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11
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Joseph C, Tatler AL. Pathobiology of Airway Remodeling in Asthma: The Emerging Role of Integrins. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:595-610. [PMID: 35592385 PMCID: PMC9112045 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s267222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a complex clinical feature of asthma that involves long-term disruption and modification of airway architecture, which contributes significantly to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung function decline. It is characterized by thickening of the airway smooth muscle layer, deposition of a matrix below the airway epithelium, resulting in subepithelial fibrosis, changes within the airway epithelium, leading to disruption of the barrier, and excessive mucous production and angiogenesis within the airway wall. Airway remodeling contributes to stiffer and less compliant airways in asthma and leads to persistent, irreversible airflow obstruction. Current asthma treatments aim to reduce airway inflammation and exacerbations but none are targeted towards airway remodeling. Inhibiting the development of airway remodeling or reversing established remodeling has the potential to dramatically improve symptoms and disease burden in asthmatic patients. Integrins are a family of transmembrane heterodimeric proteins that serve as the primary receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) components, mediating cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions to initiate intracellular signaling cascades. Cells present within the lungs, including structural and inflammatory cells, express a wide and varying range of integrin heterodimer combinations and permutations. Integrins are emerging as an important regulator of inflammation, repair, remodeling, and fibrosis in the lung, particularly in chronic lung diseases such as asthma. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on integrins in the asthmatic airway and how these integrins promote the remodeling process, and emphasize their potential involvement in airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Meli VS, Donahue RP, Link JM, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA, Liu WF. Isolation and characterization of porcine macrophages and their inflammatory and fusion responses in different stiffness environments. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7851-7861. [PMID: 34514479 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00746g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the host immune response to biomaterials is an essential step in the development of medical devices and tissue engineering strategies. To aid in this process, in vitro studies, whereby immune cells such as macrophages are cultured on biomaterials, can often expedite high throughput testing of many materials prior to implantation. While most studies to date utilize murine or human cells, the use of porcine macrophages has been less well described, despite the prevalent use of porcine models in medical device and tissue engineering development. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of porcine bone marrow- and peripheral blood-derived macrophages, and their interactions with biomaterials. We confirmed the expression of the macrophage surface markers CD68 and F4/80 and characterized the porcine macrophage response to the inflammatory stimulus, bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Finally, we investigated the inflammatory and fusion response of porcine macrophages cultured on different stiffness hydrogels, and we found that stiffer hydrogels enhanced inflammatory activation by more than two-fold and promoted fusion to form foreign body giant cells. Together, this study establishes the use of porcine macrophages in biomaterial testing and reveals a stiffness-dependent effect on biomaterial-induced giant cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. .,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ryan P Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jarrett M Link
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Wendy F Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. .,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 2412 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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13
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Qiao W, Xie H, Fang J, Shen J, Li W, Shen D, Wu J, Wu S, Liu X, Zheng Y, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. Sequential activation of heterogeneous macrophage phenotypes is essential for biomaterials-induced bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121038. [PMID: 34339925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage has been gradually recognized as a central regulator in tissue regeneration, and the study of how macrophage mediates biomaterials-induced bone regeneration through immunomodulatory pathway becomes popular. However, the current understanding on the roles of different macrophage phenotypes in regulating bone tissue regeneration remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that sequential infiltration of heterogeneous phenotypes of macrophages triggered by bio-metal ions effectively facilitates bone healing in bone defect. Indeed, M1 macrophages promote the recruitment and early commitment of osteogenic and angiogenic progenitors, while M2 macrophages and osteoclasts support the deposition and mineralization of the bone matrix, as well as the maturation of blood vessels. Moreover, we have identified a group of bone biomaterial-related multinucleated cells that behave similarly to M2 macrophages with wound-healing features rather than participate in the bone resorption cascade similarly to osteoclasts. Our study shows how sequential activation of macrophage-osteoclast lineage contribute to a highly orchestrated immune response in the bone tissue microenvironment around biomaterials to regulate the complex biological process of bone healing. Therefore, we believe that the temporal activation pattern of heterogeneous macrophage phenotypes should be considered when the next generation of biomaterials for bone regeneration is engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Huizhi Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Jinghan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Wenting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Danni Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China; Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, PR China.
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14
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Dufrançais O, Mascarau R, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Cellular and molecular actors of myeloid cell fusion: podosomes and tunneling nanotubes call the tune. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6087-6104. [PMID: 34296319 PMCID: PMC8429379 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different types of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of myeloid origin have been described; osteoclasts are the most extensively studied because of their importance in bone homeostasis. MGCs are formed by cell-to-cell fusion, and most types have been observed in pathological conditions, especially in infectious and non-infectious chronic inflammatory contexts. The precise role of the different MGCs and the mechanisms that govern their formation remain poorly understood, likely due to their heterogeneity. First, we will introduce the main populations of MGCs derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We will then discuss the known molecular actors mediating the early stages of fusion, focusing on cell-surface receptors involved in the cell-to-cell adhesion steps that ultimately lead to multinucleation. Given that cell-to-cell fusion is a complex and well-coordinated process, we will also describe what is currently known about the evolution of F-actin-based structures involved in macrophage fusion, i.e., podosomes, zipper-like structures, and tunneling nanotubes (TNT). Finally, the localization and potential role of the key fusion mediators related to the formation of these F-actin structures will be discussed. This review intends to present the current status of knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting multinucleation of myeloid cells, highlighting the gaps still existing, and contributing to the proposition of potential disease-specific MGC markers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Raynaud-Messina
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Toulouse, France.
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV" (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Wei F, Liu S, Chen M, Tian G, Zha K, Yang Z, Jiang S, Li M, Sui X, Chen Z, Guo Q. Host Response to Biomaterials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Key to Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664592. [PMID: 34017827 PMCID: PMC8129172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials play a core role in cartilage repair and regeneration. The success or failure of an implanted biomaterial is largely dependent on host response following implantation. Host response has been considered to be influenced by numerous factors, such as immune components of materials, cytokines and inflammatory agents induced by implants. Both synthetic and native materials involve immune components, which are also termed as immunogenicity. Generally, the innate and adaptive immune system will be activated and various cytokines and inflammatory agents will be consequently released after biomaterials implantation, and further triggers host response to biomaterials. This will guide the constructive remolding process of damaged tissue. Therefore, biomaterial immunogenicity should be given more attention. Further understanding the specific biological mechanisms of host response to biomaterials and the effects of the host-biomaterial interaction may be beneficial to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of the host response to implants and the immunomodulatory properties of varied biomaterial. We hope this review will provide scientists with inspiration in cartilage regeneration by controlling immune components of biomaterials and modulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Wei
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangkang Zha
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Carnicer-Lombarte A, Chen ST, Malliaras GG, Barone DG. Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:622524. [PMID: 33937212 PMCID: PMC8081831 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.622524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The implantation of any foreign material into the body leads to the development of an inflammatory and fibrotic process-the foreign body reaction (FBR). Upon implantation into a tissue, cells of the immune system become attracted to the foreign material and attempt to degrade it. If this degradation fails, fibroblasts envelop the material and form a physical barrier to isolate it from the rest of the body. Long-term implantation of medical devices faces a great challenge presented by FBR, as the cellular response disrupts the interface between implant and its target tissue. This is particularly true for nerve neuroprosthetic implants-devices implanted into nerves to address conditions such as sensory loss, muscle paralysis, chronic pain, and epilepsy. Nerve neuroprosthetics rely on tight interfacing between nerve tissue and electrodes to detect the tiny electrical signals carried by axons, and/or electrically stimulate small subsets of axons within a nerve. Moreover, as advances in microfabrication drive the field to increasingly miniaturized nerve implants, the need for a stable, intimate implant-tissue interface is likely to quickly become a limiting factor for the development of new neuroprosthetic implant technologies. Here, we provide an overview of the material-cell interactions leading to the development of FBR. We review current nerve neuroprosthetic technologies (cuff, penetrating, and regenerative interfaces) and how long-term function of these is limited by FBR. Finally, we discuss how material properties (such as stiffness and size), pharmacological therapies, or use of biodegradable materials may be exploited to minimize FBR to nerve neuroprosthetic implants and improve their long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-Tuan Chen
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Damiano G. Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Sun H, Zhi K, Hu L, Fan Z. The Activation and Regulation of β2 Integrins in Phagocytes and Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633639. [PMID: 33868253 PMCID: PMC8044391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes, which include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, protect the body by removing foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Phagocytic integrins are greatly involved in the recognition of and adhesion to specific antigens on cells and pathogens during phagocytosis as well as the recruitment of immune cells. β2 integrins, including αLβ2, αMβ2, αXβ2, and αDβ2, are the major integrins presented on the phagocyte surface. The activation of β2 integrins is essential to the recruitment and phagocytic function of these phagocytes and is critical for the regulation of inflammation and immune defense. However, aberrant activation of β2 integrins aggravates auto-immune diseases, such as psoriasis, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, and facilitates tumor metastasis, making them double-edged swords as candidates for therapeutic intervention. Therefore, precise regulation of phagocyte activities by targeting β2 integrins should promote their host defense functions with minimal side effects on other cells. Here, we reviewed advances in the regulatory mechanisms underlying β2 integrin inside-out signaling, as well as the roles of β2 integrin activation in phagocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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18
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Ali HR, Selim SA, Aili D. Effects of macrophage polarization on gold nanoparticle-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25047-25056. [PMID: 35481041 PMCID: PMC9037012 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are key pathogenic factors in neoplastic diseases. They are known to have plasticity and can polarize into two opposing phenotypes, including the tumoricidal M1 and the protumoral M2 phenotypes with high prevalence of M2-phentoypes in patients with poor prognosis. Strategies for targeting M2-TAM may consequently increase the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Gold nanorod-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) has emerged as a promising treatment for cancer but the effects of macrophage polarization parameters in the performance of this new treatment modality is still unknown. Herein, human monocytic THP-1 cells were polarized into two opposite phenotypic macrophages (M1-TAM and M2-TAM) and their response to PPTT was examined. M2-TAM exhibits a three-fold increase in AuNP uptake compared to M1-TAM. Laser irradiation results in selective killing of pro-tumoral M2-TAM after treatment with AuNPs with limited effects on anti-tumoral M1-TAM. A positive correlation between the expression of CD206 marker and the AuNP uptake may indicate the role of CD206 in facilitating AuNP uptake. Our findings also suggest that the differences in AuNP avidity and uptake between the M1-TAM and M2-TAM phenotypes may be the rationale behind the effectiveness of PPTT in the treatment of solid tumors. A preferential uptake of gold nanoparticles by macrophages with a protumoral M2 phenotype result in efficient killing upon laser irradiation while keeping M1 phenotypes relatively undamaged.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala R. Ali
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI)
- Agriculture Research Center (ARC)
- Egypt
| | - Salah A. Selim
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - Daniel Aili
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
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19
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Takito J, Nakamura M. Heterogeneity and Actin Cytoskeleton in Osteoclast and Macrophage Multinucleation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186629. [PMID: 32927783 PMCID: PMC7554939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent differentiation pathways. During differentiation, mononuclear precursors become multinucleated by cell fusion. Recently, live-cell imaging has revealed a high level of heterogeneity in osteoclast multinucleation. This heterogeneity includes the difference in the differentiation states and the mobility of the fusion precursors, as well as the mode of fusion among the fusion precursors with different numbers of nuclei. In particular, fusion partners often form morphologically distinct actin-based linkages that allow two cells to exchange lipids and proteins before membrane fusion. However, the origin of this heterogeneity remains elusive. On the other hand, osteoclast multinucleation is sensitive to the environmental cues. Such cues promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation and transformation of the podosome, an actin-rich punctate adhesion. This review covers the heterogeneity of osteoclast multinucleation at the pre-fusion stage with reference to the environment-dependent signaling pathway responsible for reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we compare osteoclast multinucleation with macrophage fusion, which results in multinucleated giant macrophages.
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20
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The effects of IL-4 and RANKL on viability of giant cell granuloma patients' monocytes. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Al-Maawi S, Rutkowski JL, Sader R, Kirkpatrick CJ, Ghanaati S. The Biomaterial-Induced Cellular Reaction Allows a Novel Classification System Regardless of the Biomaterials Origin. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:190-207. [PMID: 32068853 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several different biomaterials are being introduced for clinical applications. However, no current material-specific systematic studies define parameters for evaluating these materials. The aim of this retrospective animal study is to classify biomaterials according to the in vivo induced cellular reaction and outline the clinical consequence of the biomaterial-specific cellular reaction for the regeneration process. A retrospective histologic analysis was performed for 13 polymeric biomaterials and 19 bone substitute materials (BSMs) (of various compositions and origins) that were previously implanted in a standardized subcutaneous model. Semiquantitative analyses were performed at days 3, 15, and 30 after implantation according to a standardized score for the induction of multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) and vascularization rate. The induced cellular reaction in response to different polymeric materials allowed their classification according to the MNGC score in the following groups: class I induced no MNGCs at any time point, class II induced and maintained a constant number of MNGCs over 30 days, and class III induced MNGCs and provided an increasing number over 30 days. All BSMs induced MNGCs to varying extents. Therefore, the resultant BSM classifications are as follows: class I induced MNGCs with a decreasing number, class II induced and maintained constant MNGCs over 30 days, and class III induced MNGCs with increasing number over 30 days. These observations were mostly related to the biomaterial physicochemical properties and were independent of the biomaterial origin. Consequently, the induction of MNGCs and their increase over 30 days resulted in disintegration of the biomaterial. By contrast, the absence of MNGCs resulted in an integration of the biomaterial within the host tissue. This novel classification provides clinicians a tool to assess the capacity and suitability of biomaterials in the intended clinical indication for bone and soft tissue implantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Maawi
- FORM-Lab, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - James L Rutkowski
- Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Robert Sader
- FORM-Lab, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C James Kirkpatrick
- FORM-Lab, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- FORM-Lab, Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Fang JY, Yang Z, Han B. Switch of macrophage fusion competency by 3D matrices. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10348. [PMID: 32587271 PMCID: PMC7316750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foreign body reaction reflects the integration between biomaterials and host cells. At the implantation microenvironment, macrophages usually fuse into multinuclear cells, also known as foreign body giant cells, to respond to the biomaterial implants. To understand the biomaterial-induced macrophage fusion, we examined whether biomaterial alone can initiate and control the fusion rate without exogenous cytokines and chemicals. We introduced a collagen-based 3D matrix to embed Raw264.7 cell line and primary rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. We found the biomaterial-stimuli interacted regional macrophages and altered the overall fusogenic protein expressions to regulate the macrophage fusion rate. The fusion rate could be altered by modulating the cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. The fused macrophage morphologies, the nuclei number in the fused macrophage, and the fusion rates were matrix dependent. The phenomena were also observed in the in vivo models. These results suggest that the biomaterial-derived stimuli exert similar functions as cytokines to alter the competency of macrophage fusion as well as their drug sensitivity in the biomaterial implanted tissue environment. Furthermore, this in vitro 3D-matrix model has the potential to serve as a toolbox to predict the host tissue response on implanted biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Y Fang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Center of Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zhi Yang
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Bo Han
- Nimni-Cordoba Tissue Engineering and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Souther California, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Fang J, Liu R, Chen S, Liu Q, Cai H, Lin Y, Chen Z, Chen Z. Tuning the immune reaction to manipulate the cell-mediated degradation of a collagen barrier membrane. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:95-108. [PMID: 32268238 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to elicit a desired barrier function in guided bone regeneration (GBR) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR), a barrier membrane has to maintain its integrity for a certain period of time to guarantee the regeneration of target tissue. Due to the complexity and variety of clinical conditions, the healing time required for tissue regeneration varies from one case to another, which implies the need for tailoring the barrier membranes to diverse conditions via manipulating their degradation property. As a "non-self" biomaterial, a barrier membrane will inevitably trigger host-membrane immune response after implantation, which entails the activation of phagocytic cells. In the degradation process of a barrier membrane, the cell-mediated degradation may play a more vital role than enzymatic and physicochemical dissolution; however, limited studies have been carried out on this topic. In this context, we investigated the cell-mediated degradation and illustrated the possible key cells and mediators for immunomodulation via in vivo and in vitro studies. We discovered that IL-13, a key cytokine mainly released by T helper 2 cells (Th2), induced the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), thus resulting in membrane degradation. Neutralizing IL-13 could suppress membrane degradation and formation of FBGC. The contributions of this study are (1) unveiling the immune mechanisms underlying the cell-mediated collagen membrane degradation; (2) allowing the formation of an "immunodegradation" strategy to develop an "immune-smart" barrier membrane to manipulate its degradation; (3) providing the key regulatory immune cells and cytokines for the immunomodulation target in collagen membrane degradation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this research includes.
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Liu H, Zhu L, Dudiki T, Gabanic B, Good L, Podrez EA, Cherepanova OA, Qin J, Byzova TV. Macrophage Migration and Phagocytosis Are Controlled by Kindlin-3's Link to the Cytoskeleton. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1954-1967. [PMID: 32094207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major myeloid cell functions from adhesion to migration and phagocytosis are mediated by integrin adhesion complexes, also known as adhesome. The presence of a direct integrin binding partner Kindlin-3 is crucial for these functions, and its lack causes severe immunodeficiency in humans. However, how Kindlin-3 is incorporated into the adhesome and how its function is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that Kindlin-3 directly interacts with paxillin (PXN) and leupaxin (LPXN) via G43/L47 within its F0 domain. Surprisingly, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN interactions in Raw 264.7 macrophages promoted cell spreading and polarization, resulting in upregulation of both general cell motility and directed cell migration, which is in a drastic contrast to the consequences of Kindlin-3 knockout. Moreover, disruption of Kindlin-3-PXN/LPXN binding promoted the transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid mode of movement as well as augmented phagocytosis. Thus, these novel links between Kindlin-3 and key adhesome members PXN/LPXN limit myeloid cell motility and phagocytosis, thereby providing an important immune regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tejasvi Dudiki
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Benjamin Gabanic
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Logan Good
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Mechanisms regulating myoblast fusion: A multilevel interplay. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:81-92. [PMID: 32063453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion into myotubes is one of the crucial steps of skeletal muscle development (myogenesis). The fusion is preceded by specification of a myogenic lineage (mesodermal progenitors) differentiating into myoblasts and is followed by myofiber-type specification and neuromuscular junction formation. Similarly to other processes of myogenesis, the fusion requires a very precise spatial and temporal regulation occuring both during embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair of the muscle. A plethora of genes and their products is involved in regulation of myoblast fusion and a precise multilevel interplay between them is crucial for myogenic cells to fuse. In this review, we describe both cellular events taking place during myoblast fusion (migration, adhesion, elongation, cell-cell recognition, alignment, and fusion of myoblast membranes enabling formation of myotubes) as well as recent findings on mechanisms regulating this process. Also, we present muscle disorders in humans that have been associated with defects in genes involved in regulation of myoblast fusion.
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Kasprzycka P, Archacka K, Kowalski K, Mierzejewski B, Zimowska M, Grabowska I, Piotrowski M, Rafałko M, Ryżko A, Irhashava A, Senderowski K, Gołąbek M, Stremińska W, Jańczyk-Ilach K, Koblowska M, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Fogtman A, Janowski M, Walczak P, Ciemerych MA, Brzoska E. The factors present in regenerating muscles impact bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell fusion with myoblasts. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 31753006 PMCID: PMC6873517 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells, a population of unipotent stem cells attached to muscle fibers, determine the excellent regenerative capability of injured skeletal muscles. Myogenic potential is also exhibited by other cell populations, which exist in the skeletal muscles or come from other niches. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells inhabiting the bone marrow do not spontaneously differentiate into muscle cells, but there is some evidence that they are capable to follow the myogenic program and/or fuse with myoblasts. METHODS In the present study we analyzed whether IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 could impact human and porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hBM-MSCs and pBM-MSCs) and induce expression of myogenic regulatory factors, skeletal muscle-specific structural, and adhesion proteins. Moreover, we investigated whether these factors could induce both types of BM-MSCs to fuse with myoblasts. IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 were selected on the basis of their role in embryonic myogenesis as well as skeletal muscle regeneration. RESULTS We found that hBM-MSCs and pBM-MSCs cultured in vitro in the presence of IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, or SDF-1 did not upregulate myogenic regulatory factors. Consequently, we confirmed the lack of their naïve myogenic potential. However, we noticed that IL-4 and IL-6 impacted proliferation and IL-4, IL-6, and SDF-1 improved migration of hBM-MSCs. IL-4 treatment resulted in the significant increase in the level of mRNA encoding CD9, NCAM, VCAM, and m-cadherin, i.e., proteins engaged in cell fusion during myotube formation. Additionally, the CD9 expression level was also driven by IGF-1 treatment. Furthermore, the pre-treatment of hBM-MSCs either with IGF-1, IL-4, or SDF-1 and treatment of pBM-MSCs either with IGF-1 or IL-4 increased the efficacy of hybrid myotube formation between these cells and C2C12 myoblasts. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, our study revealed that treatment with IGF-1, IL-4, IL-6, or SDF-1 affects BM-MSC interaction with myoblasts; however, it does not directly promote myogenic differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasprzycka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Archacka
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zimowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Piotrowski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Rafałko
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Ryżko
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aliksandra Irhashava
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Senderowski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gołąbek
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Władysława Stremińska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jańczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Janowski
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 St, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Maria A. Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Il'in DA, Shkurupy VA. In Vitro Analysis of the Expression of CD11, CD29, CD36, and DC-STAMP Molecules during the Formation of Multinuclear Macrophages in BCG-Infected Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:653-655. [PMID: 31641985 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of CD11, CD29, CD36, and DC-STAMP molecules by macrophages was analyzed in in vitro experiments. These molecules mediate cell fusion, one of the mechanisms underlying the formation of multinuclear macrophages. Macrophages were obtained from intact and BCG-infected male BALB/c mice. In intact cultures, multinuclear macrophages appeared primarily due to amitotic division of cell nuclei, while in macrophage cultures from infected mice, the process of cell fusion predominated. In intact macrophage cultures, bi- and multinuclear cells expressed primarily CD29 and CD36. In cultures from infected mice, macrophages expressing CD29 and DC-STAMP predominated, but bi- and multinuclear macrophages expressing CD11 and CD36 predominated over mononuclear ones. The study of macrophage fusion mechanism can be useful for understanding of this biological phenomenon as the mechanisms of delivery of M. tuberculosis and lysosomotropic anti-tuberculosis drugs into tuberculous granulomas to suppress M. tuberculosis persisting in macrophages and reduce the destructive potential of granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Il'in
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V A Shkurupy
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chu C, Liu L, Rung S, Wang Y, Ma Y, Hu C, Zhao X, Man Y, Qu Y. Modulation of foreign body reaction and macrophage phenotypes concerning microenvironment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:127-135. [PMID: 31515867 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body reaction (FBR) is described as a local chronic inflammation after implantation of biomaterials in which macrophages involved intimately. At the stage of acute inflammation, mast cells release histamine, Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Interleukin-13 (IL-13), enhancing recruitment, and fusion of macrophages in the following phase. As for chronic intensive inflammation, degradation of biomaterials would be promoted by macrophage-derived foreign body giant cells releasing degradative enzymes, acid and reactive oxygen intermediates. Nevertheless, it could be seen as a breakthrough point for regulating FBR, considering the dominant role of the macrophage in the immune response as exemplified by the decrease of IL-4 and IL-13, stabilizing an appropriate balance between two macrophage phenotypes, selectively suppressing some function of macrophages, and so on. Moreover, the relationship between macrophages polarization and the development of a fibrous capsule, which increase the possibility of implantation failure, will be illustrated later. This review aims at providing readers a comprehensive understanding of FBR and its correlative treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengan Rung
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yili Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mezouar S, Diarra I, Roudier J, Desnues B, Mege JL. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antagonist Interferes With the Formation of Granulomatous Multinucleated Giant Cells: New Insights Into Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1947. [PMID: 31475008 PMCID: PMC6702871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of tuberculosis cases in the world are due to resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sequestered into cell-derived structures called granulomas. It is fairly admitted that cytokines and more particularly Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α is critical in the control of Mtb infections and that anti-TNF-α drugs constitute one of the main risk factors for reactivation of latent Mtb infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of etanercept, a dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human p75 TNF receptor linked to the Fc portion of human IgG1, in an in vitro model of human tuberculous granuloma. We showed that etanercept slightly delayed the formation of granuloma and reduced the generation of multinuclear giant cells (MGCs). In addition, etanercept exacerbated the expression of M1 polarization genes but also induced interleukin (IL)-10 release. In addition, our results indicated that etanercept inhibited cell fusion in an IL-10-dependent manner. Moreover, adalimumab, a human monoclonal anti-TNF-α IgG1 inhibited MGC formation in granuloma, without altering IL-10 secretion and induced macrophage apoptosis. Taken together, our data provides new insights into the role of TNF-α blockers in MGCs formation and the impact of such immunomodulatory drugs on tuberculous granuloma maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Issa Diarra
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Roudier
- Department of Rheumatology, Institut du Mouvement et de l'appareil Locomoteur, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,APHM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France
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Interleukin 4 Moderately Affects Competence of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Myogenic Conversion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163932. [PMID: 31412558 PMCID: PMC6720909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells convert into skeletal muscle tissue during teratoma formation or chimeric animal development. Thus, they are characterized by naive myogenic potential. Numerous attempts have been made to develop protocols enabling efficient and safe conversion of pluripotent stem cells into functional myogenic cells in vitro. Despite significant progress in the field, generation of myogenic cells from pluripotent stem cells is still challenging—i.e., currently available methods require genetic modifications, animal-derived reagents, or are long lasting—and, therefore, should be further improved. In the current study, we investigated the influence of interleukin 4, a factor regulating inter alia migration and fusion of myogenic cells and necessary for proper skeletal muscle development and maintenance, on pluripotent stem cells. We assessed the impact of interleukin 4 on proliferation, selected gene expression, and ability to fuse in case of both undifferentiated and differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results revealed that interleukin 4 slightly improves fusion of pluripotent stem cells with myoblasts leading to the formation of hybrid myotubes. Moreover, it increases the level of early myogenic genes such as Mesogenin1, Pax3, and Pax7 in differentiating embryonic stem cells. Thus, interleukin 4 moderately enhances competence of mouse pluripotent stem cells for myogenic conversion.
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32
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Mandla S, Davenport Huyer L, Wang Y, Radisic M. Macrophage Polarization with Angiopoietin-1 Peptide QHREDGS. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4542-4550. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mandla
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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Faust JJ, Balabiyev A, Heddleston JM, Podolnikova NP, Baluch DP, Chew TL, Ugarova TP. An actin-based protrusion originating from a podosome-enriched region initiates macrophage fusion. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2254-2267. [PMID: 31242090 PMCID: PMC6743464 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated giant cells occurs in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, yet the mechanism responsible for initiating this process is unknown. Here, we used live cell imaging to show that actin-based protrusions at the leading edge initiate macrophage fusion. Phase-contrast video microscopy demonstrated that in the majority of events, short protrusions (∼3 µm) between two closely apposed cells initiated fusion, but occasionally we observed long protrusions (∼12 µm). Using macrophages isolated from LifeAct mice and imaging with lattice light sheet microscopy, we further found that fusion-competent protrusions formed at sites enriched in podosomes. Inducing fusion in mixed populations of GFP- and mRFP-LifeAct macrophages showed rapid spatial overlap between GFP and RFP signal at the site of fusion. Cytochalasin B strongly reduced fusion and when rare fusion events occurred, protrusions were not observed. Fusion of macrophages deficient in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and Cdc42, key molecules involved in the formation of actin-based protrusions and podosomes, was also impaired both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, inhibiting the activity of the Arp2/3 complex decreased fusion and podosome formation. Together these data suggest that an actin-based protrusion formed at the leading edge initiates macrophage fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Faust
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Arnat Balabiyev
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147
| | | | - D Page Baluch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147
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Brooks PJ, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1145-1158. [PMID: 30926333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Currently, our knowledge of the fusion mechanisms of monocytes and the regulation of MGC formation and function in discrete pathologies is limited. Herein, we consider the types and function of MGCs in disease and assess the mechanisms by which monocyte fusion contributes to the formation of MGCs. An improved understanding of the cellular origins and metabolic functions of MGCs will facilitate their identification and ultimately the treatment of diseases and disorders that involve MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Desai A, Geraghty S, Dean D. Effects of blocking integrin β1 and N-cadherin cellular interactions on mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biomech 2018; 82:337-345. [PMID: 30503562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Experimental measurements of cellular mechanical properties have shown large variability in whole-cell mechanical properties between cells from a single population. This heterogeneity has been observed in many cell populations and with several measurement techniques but the sources are not yet fully understood. Cell mechanical properties are directly related to the composition and organization of the cytoskeleton, which is physically coupled to neighboring cells through adherens junctions and to underlying matrix through focal adhesion complexes. This high level of heterogeneity may be attributed to varying cellular interactions throughout the sample. We tested the effect of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions on the mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture by using antibodies to block N-cadherin and integrin β1 interactions. VSMCs were cultured on substrates of varying stiffness with and without tension. Under each of these conditions, cellular mechanical properties were characterized by performing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cellular structure was analyzed through immunofluorescence imaging. As expected, VSMC mechanical properties were greatly affected by the underlying culture substrate and applied tension. Interestingly, the cell-to-cell variation in mechanical properties within each sample decreased significantly in the antibody conditions. Thus, the cells grown with blocking antibodies were more homogeneous in their mechanical properties on both glass and soft substrates. This suggests that diversified adhesion binding between cells and the ECM is responsible for a significant amount of mechanical heterogeneity that is observed in 2D cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesha Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sandra Geraghty
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Delphine Dean
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Renz AF, Reichmuth AM, Stauffer F, Thompson-Steckel G, Vörös J. A guide towards long-term functional electrodes interfacing neuronal tissue. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:061001. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aae0c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Al-Maawi S, Vorakulpipat C, Orlowska A, Zrnc TA, Sader RA, Kirkpatrick CJ, Ghanaati S. In vivo Implantation of a Bovine-Derived Collagen Membrane Leads to Changes in the Physiological Cellular Pattern of Wound Healing by the Induction of Multinucleated Giant Cells: An Adverse Reaction? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:104. [PMID: 30155464 PMCID: PMC6102314 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the tissue response toward a resorbable collagen membrane derived from bovine achilles tendon (test group) in comparison to physiological wound healing (control group). After subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats over 30 days, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods elucidated the cellular inflammatory response, vascularization pattern, membrane protein and cell absorbance capacity. After 30 days, the test-group induced two different inflammatory patterns. On the membrane surface, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) were formed after the accumulation of CD-68-positive cells (macrophages), whereas only mononuclear cells (MNCs) were found within the membrane central region. Peri-implant vascularization was significantly enhanced after the formation of MNGCs. No vessels were found within the central region of the membrane. Physiological wound healing revealed no MNGCs at any time point. These dynamic changes in the cellular reaction and vascularization within the test-group are related typical indications of a foreign body reaction. Due to the membrane-specific porosity, mononuclear cells migrated into the central region, and the membrane maintained its integrity over 30 days by showing no breakdown or disintegration. The ex vivo investigation analyzed the interaction between the membrane and a blood concentrate system, liquid platelet-rich fibrin (liquid PRF), derived from human peripheral blood and consisting of platelets, leukocytes and fibrin. PRF penetrated the membrane after just 15 min. The data question the role of biomaterial-induced MNGCs as a pathological reaction and whether this is acceptable to trigger vascularization or should be considered as an adverse reaction. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to identify the types of MNGCs that are induced by clinically approved biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Maawi
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chakorn Vorakulpipat
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Orlowska
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomislav A Zrnc
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert A Sader
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C James Kirkpatrick
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhou G, Groth T. Host Responses to Biomaterials and Anti-Inflammatory Design-a Brief Review. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800112. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Group; Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group; Institute of Pharmacy and, Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-Oriented Research in Natural Sciences; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06099 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Pereira M, Petretto E, Gordon S, Bassett JHD, Williams GR, Behmoaras J. Common signalling pathways in macrophage and osteoclast multinucleation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/11/jcs216267. [PMID: 29871956 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage cell fusion and multinucleation are fundamental processes in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in chronic inflammatory disease and osteoclasts in the regulation of bone mass. However, this basic cell phenomenon is poorly understood despite its pathophysiological relevance. Granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells are seen in a wide variety of complex inflammatory disorders, as well as in infectious diseases. Dysregulation of osteoclastic bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and malignant osteolytic bone disease. Recent reports have shown that the formation of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclast fusion display a common molecular signature, suggesting shared genetic determinants. In this Review, we describe the background of cell-cell fusion and the similar origin of macrophages and osteoclasts. We specifically focus on the common pathways involved in osteoclast and MGC fusion. We also highlight potential approaches that could help to unravel the core mechanisms underlying bone and granulomatous disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pereira
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Patel S, Mathivanan N, Goyal A. Bacterial adhesins, the pathogenic weapons to trick host defense arsenal. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:763-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Development of fusogenic glass surfaces that impart spatiotemporal control over macrophage fusion: Direct visualization of multinucleated giant cell formation. Biomaterials 2017; 128:160-171. [PMID: 28340410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of synthetic material, including vascular grafts, pacemakers, etc. results in the foreign body reaction and the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) at the exterior surface of the implant. Despite the long-standing premise that fusion of mononucleated macrophages results in the formation of MGCs, to date, no published study has shown fusion in context with living specimens. This is due to the fact that optical-quality glass, which is required for the majority of live imaging techniques, does not promote macrophage fusion. Consequently, the morphological changes that macrophages undergo during fusion as well as the mechanisms that govern this process remain ill-defined. In this study, we serendipitously identified a highly fusogenic glass surface and discovered that the capacity to promote fusion was due to oleamide contamination. When adsorbed on glass, oleamide and other molecules that contain long-chain hydrocarbons promoted high levels of macrophage fusion. Adhesion, an essential step for macrophage fusion, was apparently mediated by Mac-1 integrin (CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) as determined by single cell force spectroscopy and adhesion assays. Micropatterned glass further increased fusion and enabled a remarkable degree of spatiotemporal control over MGC formation. Using these surfaces, we reveal the kinetics that govern MGC formation in vitro. We anticipate that the spatiotemporal control afforded by these surfaces will expedite studies designed to identify the mechanism(s) of macrophage fusion and MGC formation with implication for the design of novel biomaterials.
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Barbeck M, Booms P, Unger R, Hoffmann V, Sader R, Kirkpatrick CJ, Ghanaati S. Multinucleated giant cells in the implant bed of bone substitutes are foreign body giant cells-New insights into the material-mediated healing process. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:1105-1111. [PMID: 28093892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to macrophages, multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) are involved in the tissue reaction to a variety of biomaterials. Especially in the case of bone substitute materials it has been assumed that the MNGCs are osteoclasts, based on the chemical and physical similarity of many materials to the calcified matrix and the bony environment in which they are used. However, many studies indicate that these cells belong to the cell line of the foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), which are of "inflammatory origin", although they have been shown to possess both a pro- and also anti-inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, no information is available about their role in the tissue reaction to bone substitute materials. The present study was conducted to analyze the origin of MNGCs in the implant beds of a synthetic and a xenogeneic bone substitute and focused on the application of immunohistochemical methods. Two antibodies against integrin molecules specific for osteoclasts (β-3 integrin) or FBGCs (β-2 integrin) were used to distinguish both giant cell types. The results of the present study indicate that the MNGCs induced by both kinds of bone substitutes are FBGCs, as they express only β-2 integrin in contrast to the osteoclasts outside of the immediate implantation areas, which only demonstrate β-3 integrin expression. These data give new insight into the tissue reaction to both xenogeneic and synthetic bone substitutes. Based on this new knowledge further research concerning the proteomic profile of the FBGCs especially based on the different physicochemical properties of bone substitutes is necessary. This may show that specific characteristics of bone substitutes may exhibit a substantial influence on the regeneration process via the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules by FBGCs. Based on this information it may be possible to formulate and choose bone substitutes that can guide the process of bone tissue regeneration on the molecular level. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1105-1111, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Booms
- Clinic for Oro-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM-Lab, University Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ronald Unger
- Institute of Pathology, Repair-Lab, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Hoffmann
- Clinic for Oro-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM-Lab, University Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Sader
- Clinic for Oro-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM-Lab, University Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charles James Kirkpatrick
- Clinic for Oro-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM-Lab, University Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Clinic for Oro-Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, FORM-Lab, University Medical Center of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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43
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In vivo cellular reactions to different biomaterials—Physiological and pathological aspects and their consequences. Semin Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Soto RJ, Hall JR, Brown MD, Taylor JB, Schoenfisch MH. In Vivo Chemical Sensors: Role of Biocompatibility on Performance and Utility. Anal Chem 2017; 89:276-299. [PMID: 28105839 PMCID: PMC6773264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jackson R. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Micah D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - James B. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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45
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Aghbali A, Rafieyan S, Mohamed-Khosroshahi L, Baradaran B, Shanehbandi D, Kouhsoltani M. IL-4 induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells and expression of β5 integrin in central giant cell lesion. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017; 22:e1-e6. [PMID: 27918730 PMCID: PMC5217486 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is now well established that IL-4 has a central role in the development of monocytes to multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) by inducing the expression of integrins on the surface of monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of IL-4 in induction of β5 integrin expression in the peripheral blood samples of patients with giant cell granuloma. Material and Methods Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood samples of patients with central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and healthy controls using human Monocyte Isolation Kit II. Isolated monocytes were then cultured in the absence or presence of IL-4 (10 and 20 ng/mL), and following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, Real-time PCR was performed to determine the level of β5 integrin expression. The formation of CGCGs and morphological analyses were done under light microscopy. For confirmation of CGCGs, immunocytochemistry technique was also carried out by anti-RANK (receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand) antibody. Results In both patient and control groups, β5 levels were significantly enhanced by increasing the IL-4 dose from 10 to 20 ng/mL. In addition, these differences were significant between patient and control groups without IL-4 treatment. On the other hand, the number of cells which expressed RANK and therefore the number of giant cells were significantly higher in the patient group in comparison to controls, as assessed by immunohistochemistry evaluations. Conclusions In this study, we showed an elevation in the expression levels of β5 integrin when stimulated by IL-4. It is strongly indicated that this integrin acts as an important mediator during macrophage to macrophage fusion and development of giant cells. Key words:β5 integrin, giant cell, Il-4, monocyte, rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aghbali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Miron RJ, Zohdi H, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Bosshardt DD. Giant cells around bone biomaterials: Osteoclasts or multi-nucleated giant cells? Acta Biomater 2016; 46:15-28. [PMID: 27667014 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently accumulating evidence has put into question the role of large multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) around bone biomaterials. While cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage are one of the first cell types in contact with implanted biomaterials, it was originally thought that specifically in bone tissues, all giant cells were bone-resorbing osteoclasts whereas foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) were found associated with a connective tissue foreign body reaction resulting in fibrous encapsulation and/or material rejection. Despite the great majority of bone grafting materials routinely found with large osteoclasts, a special subclass of bone biomaterials has more recently been found surrounded by large giant cells virtually incapable of resorbing bone grafts even years after their implantation. While original hypotheses believed that a 'foreign body reaction' may be taking place, histological data retrieved from human samples years after their implantation have put these original hypotheses into question by demonstrating better and more stable long-term bone volume around certain bone grafts. Exactly how or why this 'special' subclass of giant cells is capable of maintaining long-term bone volume, or methods to scientifically distinguish them from osteoclasts remains extremely poorly studied. The aim of this review article was to gather the current available literature on giant cell markers and differences in expression patterns between osteoclasts and MNGCs utilizing 19 specific markers including an array of CD-cell surface markers. Furthermore, the concept of now distinguishing between pro-inflammatory M1-MNGCs (previously referred to as FBGCs) as well as wound-healing M2-MNGCs is introduced and discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This review article presents 19 specific cell-surface markers to distinguish between osteoclasts and MNGCs including an array of CD-cell surface markers. Furthermore, the concept of now distinguishing between pro-inflammatory M1-MNGCs (often previously referred to as FBGCs) as well as wound-healing M2-MNGCs is introduced and discussed. The proposed concepts and guidelines aims to guide the next wave of research facilitating the differentiation between osteoclast/MNGCs formation, as well as provides the basis for increasing our understanding of the exact function of MNGCs in bone tissue/biomaterial homeostasis.
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Sprangers S, Schoenmaker T, Cao Y, Everts V, de Vries TJ. Integrin αMβ2 is differently expressed by subsets of human osteoclast precursors and mediates adhesion of classical monocytes to bone. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:161-168. [PMID: 27889375 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone-degrading osteoclasts are formed through fusion of their monocytic precursors. In the population of human peripheral blood monocytes, three distinct subsets have been identified: classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. We have previously shown that when the monocyte subsets are cultured on bone, significantly more osteoclasts are formed from classical monocytes than from intermediate or non-classical monocytes. Considering that this difference does not exist when monocyte subsets are cultured on plastic, we hypothesized that classical monocytes adhere better to the bone surface compared to intermediate and non-classical monocytes. To investigate this, the different monocyte subsets were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured on slices of human bone in the presence of the cytokine M-CSF. We found that classical monocytes adhere better to bone due to a higher expression of the integrin αMβ2 and that their ability to attach to bone is significantly decreased when the integrin is blocked. This suggests that integrin αMβ2 mediates attachment of osteoclast precursors to bone and thereby enables the formation of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sprangers
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands.
| | - Ton Schoenmaker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands; Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands.
| | - Yixuan Cao
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands.
| | - Teun J de Vries
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands; Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is fundamental to a multitude of biological processes ranging from cell differentiation and embryogenesis to cancer metastasis and biomaterial-tissue interactions. Fusogenic cells are exposed to biochemical and biophysical factors, which could potentially alter cell behavior. While biochemical inducers of fusion such as cytokines and kinases have been identified, little is known about the biophysical regulation of cell-cell fusion. Here, we designed experiments to examine cell-cell fusion using bulk metallic glass (BMG) nanorod arrays with varying biophysical cues, i.e. nanotopography and stiffness. Through independent variation of stiffness and topography, we found that nanotopography constitutes the primary biophysical cue that can override biochemical signals to attenuate fusion. Specifically, nanotopography restricts cytoskeletal remodeling-associated signaling, which leads to reduced fusion. This finding expands our fundamental understanding of the nanoscale biophysical regulation of cell fusion and can be exploited in biomaterials design to induce desirable biomaterial-tissue interactions.
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Kim MY, Cho JY. Molecular association of CD98, CD29, and CD147 critically mediates monocytic U937 cell adhesion. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:515-23. [PMID: 27610038 PMCID: PMC5014998 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion events of monocytes represent an important step in inflammatory responses induced by chemokines. The β1-integrin CD29 is a major adhesion molecule regulating leukocyte migration and extravasation. Although several adhesion molecules have been known as regulators of CD29, the molecular interactions between CD29 and its regulatory adhesion molecules (such as CD98 and CD147) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these molecules are functionally, biochemically, and cell-biologically associated using monocytic U937 cells treated with aggregation-stimulating and blocking antibodies, as well as enzyme inhibitors. The surface levels of CD29, CD98, and CD147 (but not CD43, CD44, and CD82) were increased. The activation of CD29, CD98, and CD147 by ligation of them with aggregation-activating antibodies triggered the induction of cell-cell adhesion, and sensitivity to various enzyme inhibitors and aggregation-blocking antibodies was similar for CD29-, CD98-, and CD147-induced U937 cell aggregation. Molecular association between these molecules and the actin cytoskeleton was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. These results strongly suggest that CD29 might be modulated by its biochemical and cellular regulators, including CD98 and CD147, via the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Depatment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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50
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Lee KJ, Lim D, Yoo YH, Park EJ, Lee SH, Yadav BK, Lee YK, Park JH, Kim D, Park KH, Hahn JH. Paired Ig-Like Type 2 Receptor-Derived Agonist Ligands Ameliorate Inflammatory Reactions by Downregulating β1 Integrin Activity. Mol Cells 2016; 39:557-65. [PMID: 27306643 PMCID: PMC4959021 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor (PILR) family consists of two functionally opposite members, inhibitory PILRα and activating PILRβ receptors. PILRs are widely expressed in various immune cells and interact with their ligands, especially CD99 expressed on activated T cells, to participate in immune responses. Here we investigated whether PILR-derived agonists inhibit β1 integrin activity as ligands for CD99. PILR-derived peptides as well as PILR-Fc fusion proteins prevented cell adhesion to fibronectin through the regulation of β1 integrin activity. Especially, PILRpep3, a representative 3-mer peptide covering the conserved motifs of the PILR extracellular domain, prevented the clustering and activation of β1 integrin by dephosphorylating FAK and vinculin, which are major components of focal adhesion. In addition, PILRpep3 inhibited transendothelial migration of monocytes as well as endothelial cell tube formation. Furthermore, upon intraperitoneal injection of PILRpep3 into mice with collagen-induced arthritis, the inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis was strongly suppressed. Taken together, these results suggest that PILR-derived agonist ligands may prevent the inflammatory reactions of rheumatoid arthritis by activating CD99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Dongyoung Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Birendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Daejoong Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Kyeong Han Park
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701,
Korea
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