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Peng M, Zhao S, Hu Y, Zhang L, Zhou T, Wu M, Xu M, Jiang K, Huang Y, Li D, Lun ZR, Wu Z, Shen J. Nitric oxide-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress of Schistosoma japonicum inhibits the worm development in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:295-308. [PMID: 38141890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp., is a zoonotic parasitic disease affecting human health. Rattus norvegicus (rats) are a non-permissive host of Schistosoma, in which the worms cannot mature and cause typical egg granuloma. We previously demonstrated that inherent high levels of nitric oxide (NO), produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is a key molecule in blocking the development of S. japonicum in rats. To further explore the mechanism of NO inhibiting S. japonicum development in rats, we performed S-nitrosocysteine proteomics of S. japonicum collected from infected rats and mice. The results suggested that S. japonicum in rats may have undergone endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Interestingly, we found that the ER of S. japonicum in rats showed marked damage, while the ER of the worm in iNOS-/- rats and mice were relatively normal. Moreover, the expression of ER stress markers in S. japonicum from WT rats was significantly increased, compared with S. japonicum from iNOS-/- rats and mice. Using the NO donor sodium nitroprusside in vitro, we demonstrated that NO could induce ER stress in S. japonicum in a dose-dependent manner, and the NO-induced ER stress in S. japonicum could be inhibited by ER stress inhibitor 4-Phenyl butyric acid. We further verified that inhibiting ER stress of S. japonicum in rats promoted parasite development and survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NO-induced ER stress of S. japonicum was related to the efflux of Ca2+ from ER and the impairment of mitochondrial function. Collectively, these findings show that high levels of NO in rats could induce ER stress in S. japonicum by promoting the efflux of Ca2+ from ER and damaging the mitochondrial function, which block the worm development. Thus, this study further clarifies the mechanism of anti-schistosome in rats and provides potential strategies for drug development against schistosomiasis and other parasitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunyi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mingrou Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meiyining Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kefeng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dinghao Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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A link between agrin signalling and Ca v3.2 at the neuromuscular junction in spinal muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18960. [PMID: 36347955 PMCID: PMC9643518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SMN protein deficiency causes motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). SMN-based therapies improve patient motor symptoms to variable degrees. An early hallmark of SMA is the perturbation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a synapse between a motoneuron and muscle cell. NMJ formation depends on acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering triggered by agrin and its co-receptors lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) and transmembrane muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) signalling pathway. We have previously shown that flunarizine improves NMJs in SMA model mice, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We show here that flunarizine promotes AChR clustering in cell-autonomous, dose- and agrin-dependent manners in C2C12 myotubes. This is associated with an increase in protein levels of LRP4, integrin-beta-1 and alpha-dystroglycan, three agrin co-receptors. Furthermore, flunarizine enhances MuSK interaction with integrin-beta-1 and phosphotyrosines. Moreover, the drug acts on the expression and splicing of Agrn and Cacna1h genes in a muscle-specific manner. We reveal that the Cacna1h encoded protein Cav3.2 closely associates in vitro with the agrin co-receptor LRP4. In vivo, it is enriched nearby NMJs during neonatal development and the drug increases this immunolabelling in SMA muscles. Thus, flunarizine modulates key players of the NMJ and identifies Cav3.2 as a new protein involved in the NMJ biology.
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Ravarotto V, Bertoldi G, Stefanelli LF, Gobbi L, Calò LA. Molecular aspects of the altered Angiotensin II signalling in Gitelman’s syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2022.2066996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Ravarotto
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Federica Stefanelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Gobbi
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A. Calò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED) University of Padova, Italy
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Katano K, Oi T, Suzuki N. Failure of Pollen Attachment to the Stigma Triggers Elongation of Stigmatic Papillae in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:989. [PMID: 32714359 PMCID: PMC7340091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is one of key determinants of yield production in important crops, such as grains and beans in which seeds are utilized as agricultural products. Thus, to fulfil food demand for growing world population, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate pollination, leading to increase in yield production. In this study, we compared detailed morphological characteristics of reproductive organs in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under control conditions or subjected to heat stress. Shorter length of anthers, filaments, and petals were observed in plants subjected to heat stress compared to those under control conditions. In contrast, heat stress resulted in enlargement of stigma via elongation of stigmatic papillae. Classification of stigmas based on patterns of pollen attachment indicated that pollen attachment to stigma clearly decreased under heat stress. In addition, artificial pollination experiment demonstrated that stigma shrank when pollen attached, but, continued to enlarge in the absence of pollen. Such modulation of stigma size depending on the presence or absence of pollen was observed both under control and heat stressed conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that elongation of stigmatic papillae is associated with failure of pollen attachment to the stigma, rather than heat stress. Furthermore, histochemical staining experiments suggest that Ca2+ derived from pollen together with O2 - might be associated with morphological alteration of stigma depending on the patterns of pollen attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda, Japan
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Wang L, Feng Y, Yan D, Qin L, Grati M, Mittal R, Li T, Sundhari AK, Liu Y, Chapagain P, Blanton SH, Liao S, Liu X. A dominant variant in the PDE1C gene is associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum Genet 2018; 137:437-446. [PMID: 29860631 PMCID: PMC6560636 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genes with variants causing non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is challenging due to genetic heterogeneity. The difficulty is compounded by technical limitations that in the past prevented comprehensive gene identification. Recent advances in technology, using targeted capture and next-generation sequencing (NGS), is changing the face of gene identification and making it possible to rapidly and cost-effectively sequence the whole human exome. Here, we characterize a five-generation Chinese family with progressive, postlingual autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). By combining population-specific mutation arrays, targeted deafness genes panel, whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified PDE1C (Phosphodiesterase 1C) c.958G>T (p.A320S) as the disease-associated variant. Structural modeling insights into p.A320S strongly suggest that the sequence alteration will likely affect the substrate-binding pocket of PDE1C. By whole-mount immunofluorescence on postnatal day 3 mouse cochlea, we show its expression in outer (OHC) and inner (IHC) hair cells cytosol co-localizing with Lamp-1 in lysosomes. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the variant alters the PDE1C hydrolytic activity for both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Collectively, our findings indicate that the c.958G>T variant in PDE1C may disrupt the cross talk between cGMP-signaling and cAMP pathways in Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Litao Qin
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - M'hamed Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Abhiraami Kannan Sundhari
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1666 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Li Q, Wang YJ, Liu CK, Pei ZM, Shi WL. The crosstalk between ABA, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium in stomatal closing of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Gong B, Nie W, Yan Y, Gao Z, Shi Q. Unravelling cadmium toxicity and nitric oxide induced tolerance in Cucumis sativus : Insight into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 336:202-213. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Understanding the mechanisms of angiotensin II signaling involved in hypertension and its long-term sequelae: insights from Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes, human models of endogenous angiotensin II signaling antagonism. J Hypertens 2016; 32:2109-19; discussion 2119. [PMID: 25202962 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a key role in hypertension, renal and cardiovascular pathophysiology via intracellular pathways that involve the activation of a multiplicity of signaling mechanisms. Although experimental and genetic animal models have been developed and used to explore Ang II signaling's role in hypertension, a complete understanding of the processes mediating Ang II signaling in hypertension in humans remains elusive. One impediment is that these animal models do not exhibit all the traits of human hypertension, making it impossible to extrapolate from them to humans. To overcome this issue, we have used patients with Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes, a human model of endogenously blunted and blocked Ang II signaling that presents a constellation of clinical findings which manifest themselves as the opposite of hypertension. This article reviews the aspects of the pathophysiology of human hypertension and its short and long term sequelae, and uses the results of our studies in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes along with those of others to gain better insight and understanding of the role of Ang II signaling in these processes.
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Havixbeck JJ, Barreda DR. Neutrophil Development, Migration, and Function in Teleost Fish. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:715-34. [PMID: 26561837 PMCID: PMC4690015 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that neutrophils are sophisticated cells that are critical to host defense and the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, concepts such as neutrophil plasticity are helping to define the range of phenotypic profiles available to cells in this group and the physiological conditions that contribute to their differentiation. Herein, we discuss key features of the life of a teleost neutrophil including their development, migration to an inflammatory site, and contributions to pathogen killing and the control of acute inflammation. The potent anti-microbial mechanisms elicited by these cells in bony fish are a testament to their long-standing evolutionary contributions in host defense. In addition, recent insights into their active roles in the control of inflammation prior to induction of apoptosis highlight their importance to the maintenance of host integrity in these early vertebrates. Overall, our goal is to summarize recent progress in our understanding of this cell type in teleost fish, and to provide evolutionary context for the contributions of this hematopoietic lineage in host defense and an efficient return to homeostasis following injury or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada.
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada.
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Maiolino G, Azzolini M, Rossi GP, Davis PA, Calò LA. Bartter/Gitelman syndromes as a model to study systemic oxidative stress in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:51-8. [PMID: 25770663 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intermediates in reduction-oxidation reactions that begin with the addition of one electron to molecular oxygen, generating the primary ROS superoxide, which in turn interacts with other molecules to produce secondary ROS, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite. ROS are continuously produced during metabolic processes and are deemed to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, namely, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and atherosclerosis, via oxidative damage of lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, Ang II stimulates NADPH oxidases, leading to higher ROS generation and oxidative stress. Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients, despite elevated plasma renin activity, Ang II, and aldosterone levels, exhibit reduced peripheral resistance, normal/low blood pressure, and blunted pressor effect of vasoconstrictors. In addition, notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and the increased plasma levels of Ang II, these patients display decreased production of ROS, reduced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant defenses. In fact, Bartter/Gitelman syndrome patients are characterized by reduced levels of p22(phox) gene expression and undetectable plasma peroxynitrite levels, while showing increased plasma antioxidant power and expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1. In conclusion, multifarious data suggest that Bartter and Gitelman syndrome patients are a model of low oxidative stress and high antioxidant defenses. The contribution offered by the study of these syndromes in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying this favorable status could offer chances for new therapeutic targets in disease characterized by high levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maiolino
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Azzolini
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology and Hypertension Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35126 Padova, Italy.
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Angiotensin II and Cardiovascular-Renal Remodelling in Hypertension: Insights from a Human Model Opposite to Hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2015; 22:215-23. [PMID: 25759028 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-015-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insights into the Angiotensin II (Ang II) signalling pathways have been provided by extensive studies using Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes patients. These syndromes are characterized by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system but do not develop hypertension and cardiovascular remodelling, therefore represent a mirror image of hypertension and clinically manifest themselves as the opposite of hypertension. The short and the long-term signalling of Ang II remain an important matter of investigation to shed light on mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of hypertension and its long-term complications, such as cardiovascular remodelling and atherogenesis. In particular the long-term signalling of Ang II is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular-renal remodelling, inflammatory and hypertrophic responses in which the relationship between RhoA/Rho kinase pathway and NO system plays a crucial role. This review reports the results of our studies in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes to get better insight these processes and the role of Ang II signaling. The information obtained from the studies in Bartter's/Gitelman's patients can, in fact, clarify, confirm or be used to gather more general data on the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of hypertension and its long-term complications and could contribute to identify additional potential significant targets of therapy.
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Pereira AC, Olivon VC, Pernomian L, de Oliveira AM. Impairment of α1-adrenoceptor-mediated calcium influx in contralateral carotids following balloon injury: Beneficial effect of superoxide anions. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Jeandroz S, Lamotte O, Astier J, Rasul S, Trapet P, Besson-Bard A, Bourque S, Nicolas-Francès V, Ma W, Berkowitz GA, Wendehenne D. There's more to the picture than meets the eye: nitric oxide cross talk with Ca2+ signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:459-70. [PMID: 23749853 PMCID: PMC3793028 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) are two important biological messengers. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca(2+) and NO work together in mediating responses to pathogenic microorganisms and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Ca(2+) fluxes were recognized to account for NO production, whereas evidence gathered from a number of studies highlights that NO is one of the key messengers mediating Ca(2+) signaling. Here, we present a concise description of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross talk between Ca(2+) and NO in plant cells exposed to biotic stress. Particular attention will be given to the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and Ca(2+) sensors. Notably, we provide new evidence that calmodulin might be regulated at the posttranslational level by NO through S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, we report original transcriptomic data showing that NO produced in response to oligogalacturonide regulates the expression of genes related to Ca(2+) signaling. Deeper insight into the molecules involved in the interplay between Ca(2+) and NO not only permits a better characterization of the Ca(2+) signaling system but also allows us to further understand how plants respond to pathogen attack.
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Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Meini A, Carbotti P, Grasso G, Palmi M. IL-1β induces GFAP expression in vitro and in vivo and protects neurons from traumatic injury-associated apoptosis in rat brain striatum via NFκB/Ca²⁺-calmodulin/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2013; 252:367-83. [PMID: 23928073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis, a feature of neuro-inflammation is induced by a number of endogenous mediators including cytokines. Despite interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) stands out as the major inducer of this process, the underlying mechanism and its role on neuronal viability remain elusive. We investigated in human astrocytoma cells and the rat brain striatum, the role of the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) calmodulin (CaM) and extracellular regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in IL-1β-induced expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal apoptosis associated to a brain trauma. Cell data showed that IL-1β (1 ng/ml) increased NF-kB, pERK1/2 and GFAP expression. Nevertheless, further increase in IL-1β levels reversed progressively these responses. Preventing ERK1/2 activation with 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthiol]-butadiene antagonized IL-1β-induced GFAP expression while inhibiting selectively nuclear translocation of NF-kB with caffeic-acid phenethyl-ester down-regulated both ERK1/2 and GFAP expression induced by IL-1β. The GFAP response was also prevented by antagonizing selectively increase in [Ca(2+)]i, CaM activity or inducible nitric oxide synthase expression with respectively ryanodine plus 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl-borate, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalensulfonamide hydrochloride and N-[(3-(aminomethyl)-phenyl]methyl]-ethanimidamide dihydrochloride. Data in vivo supported these findings and showed that GFAP expression induced by IL-1β (50 ng/ml) correlated with attenuated glial scar formation and reduced neuronal apoptosis. Our data identified the NF-kB/Ca(2+)-CaM/ERK signaling pathway as a novel in vivo key regulator of IL-1β-induced astrogliosis which may represent a potential target in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sticozzi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Bersari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Nitric oxide in myogenesis and therapeutic muscle repair. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:682-92. [PMID: 22821188 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a short-lived intracellular and intercellular messenger. The first realisation that nitric oxide is important in physiology occurred in 1987 when its identity with the endothelium-derived relaxing factor was discovered. Subsequent studies have shown that nitric oxide possesses a number of physiological functions that are essential not only to vascular homeostasis but also to neurotransmission, such as in the processes of learning and memory and endocrine gland regulation, as well as inflammation and immune responses. The discovery in 1995 that a splice variant of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase is localised at the sarcolemma via the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and of its displacement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has stimulated a host of studies exploring the role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle physiology. Recently, nitric oxide has emerged as a relevant messenger also of myogenesis that it regulates at several key steps, especially when the process is stimulated for muscle repair following acute and chronic muscle injuries. Here, we will review briefly the mechanisms and functions of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle and discuss its role in myogenesis, with specific attention to the promising nitric oxide-based approaches now being explored at the pre-clinical and clinical level for the therapy of muscular dystrophy.
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16
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Chen YH, Kao CH. Calcium is involved in nitric oxide- and auxin-induced lateral root formation in rice. PROTOPLASMA 2012; 249:187-95. [PMID: 21491156 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-011-0277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of lateral root (LR) formation in rice was examined. Application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a NO donor) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; a naturally occurring auxin) to rice seedlings induced LR formation. The effect is specific for NO because the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (cPTIO) blocked the action of SNP and IBA. Endogenous NO was detected by the specific fluorescence probe 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate. SNP- and IBA-induced NO fluorescence was specifically suppressed by cPTIO. Nitrate reductase (NR) inhibitor sodium tungstate completely inhibited IBA-induced LR formation and NO fluorescence. However, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N (G)-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester hydrochloride slightly reduced IBA-induced LR formation and NO generation. It appears that NO generation that occurs in response to IBA might primarily involve NR activity. Moreover, NO production caused by SNP and IBA was localized in root area corresponding to LR emergence. The effects of Ca(2+) chelators, Ca(2+)-channel inhibitors, and calmodulin antagonists on LR formation induced by SNP and IBA were also examined. All these inhibitors were effective in reducing the action of SNP and IBA. However, Ca(2+) chelators and Ca(2+)-channel inhibitors had no effect on SNP- and IBA-induced NO generation. It is concluded that cytosolic levels of Ca(2+) may regulate SNP and IBA action through calmodulin-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hsuan Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Moustafa A, Sakamoto KQ, Habara Y. A fundamental role for NO-PLC signaling pathway in mediating intracellular Ca2+ oscillation in pancreatic acini. Nitric Oxide 2011; 24:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Pereira AC, Olivon VC, de Oliveira AM. Impaired calcium influx despite hyper-reactivity in contralateral carotid following balloon injury: eNOS involvement. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 642:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Harada N. Role of nitric oxide on purinergic signalling in the cochlea. Purinergic Signal 2010; 6:211-20. [PMID: 20806013 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-010-9186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the inner ear, there is considerable evidence that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in auditory neurotransmission as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator, although the potential role of adenosine signalling in the modulation of auditory neurotransmission has also been reported. The activation of ligand-gated ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled metabotropic P2Y receptors has been reported to induce an increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in inner hair cells (IHCs), outer hair cells (OHCs), spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and supporting cells in the cochlea. ATP may participate in auditory neurotransmission by modulating [Ca(2+)](i) in the cochlear cells. Recent studies showed that extracellular ATP induced nitric oxide (NO) production in IHCs, OHCs, and SGNs, which affects the ATP-induced Ca(2+) response via the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in those cells by a feedback mechanism. A cross-talk between NO and ATP may therefore exist in the auditory signal transduction. In the present article, I review the role of NO on the ATP-induced Ca(2+) signalling in IHCs and OHCs. I also consider the possible role of NO in the ATP-induced Ca(2+) signalling in SGNs and supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinobu Harada
- Harada Ear Institute, Tomoi 2-34-27, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-0816 Japan
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20
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Uyuklu M, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK. Role of hemoglobin oxygenation in the modulation of red blood cell mechanical properties by nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide 2009; 21:20-6. [PMID: 19362160 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that both externally generated and internally synthesized nitric oxide (NO) can affect red blood cell (RBC) deformability. Further studies have shown that the RBC has active NO synthesizing mechanisms and that these mechanisms may play role in maintaining normal RBC mechanical properties. However, hemoglobin within the RBC is known to be a potent scavenger of NO; oxy-hemoglobin scavenges NO faster than deoxy-hemoglobin via the dioxygenation reaction to nitrate. The present study aimed at investigating the role of hemoglobin oxygenation in the modulation of RBC rheologic behavior by NO. Human blood was obtained from healthy volunteers, anticoagulated with sodium heparin (15 IU/mL), and the hematocrit was adjusted to 0.4 L/L by adding or removing autologous plasma. Several two mL aliquots of blood were equilibrated at room temperature (22+/-2 degrees C) with moisturized air or 100% nitrogen by a membrane gas exchanger, The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at a concentration range of 10(-7)-10(-4)M, was added to the equilibrated aliquots which were maintained under the same conditions for an additional 60 min. The effect of the non-specific NOS inhibitor l-NAME was also tested at a concentration of 10(-3)M. RBC deformability was measured using an ektacytometer with an environment corresponding to that used for the prior incubation (i.e., oxygenated or deoxygenated). Our results indicate an improvement of RBC deformability with the NO donor SNP that was much more pronounced in the deoxygenated aliquots. SNP also had a more pronounced effect on RBC aggregation for deoxygenated RBC. Conversely, l-NAME had no effect on deoxygenated blood but resulted in impaired deformability, with no change in aggregation for oxygenated blood. These findings can be explained by a differential behavior of hemoglobin under oxygenated and deoxygenated conditions; the influence of oxygen partial pressure on NOS activity may also play a role. It is therefore critical to consider the oxygenation state of intracellular hemoglobin while studying the role of NO as a regulator of RBC mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Uyuklu
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Kampus, Antalya, Turkey
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21
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La Padula P, Bustamante J, Czerniczyniec A, Costa LE. Time course of regression of the protection conferred by simulated high altitude to rat myocardium: correlation with mtNOS. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:951-7. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90400.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During acclimatization to sustained hypobaric hypoxia, retardation of age-associated decline in left ventricle mechanical activity and improved posthypoxic recovery were accompanied by upregulation of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mtNOS). To evaluate the time course of regression of these effects on deacclimatization, rats exposed to 53.8 kPa in a hypopressure chamber for 5 mo were returned to 101.3 kPa, whereas controls remained at 101.3 kPa throughout the study. At three time points, contractile function in response to calcium and to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) were determined in papillary muscle, and NOS activity and expression were determined in mitochondria isolated from left ventricle. Developed tension was, before H/R, 65, 58, and 40%, and, after H/R, 129, 107, and 71% higher than in controls at 0.4, 2, and 5 mo of normoxia, respectively. Maximal rates of contraction and relaxation followed a similar pattern. All three parameters showed a linear decline during deacclimatization, with mean half-time ( t1/2) of 5.9 mo for basal mechanical activity and 5.3 mo for posthypoxic recovery. Left ventricle mtNOS activity was 42, 27, and 20% higher than in controls at 0.4, 2, and 5 mo, respectively ( t1/2 = 5.0 mo). The expression of mtNOS showed similar behavior. The correlation of mtNOS activity with muscle contractility sustained a biphasic modulation, suggesting an optimal mtNOS activity. This experimental model would provide the most persistent effect known at present on preservation of myocardial mechanical activity and improved tolerance to O2 deprivation. Results support the putative role of mtNOS in the mechanism involved.
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Abstract
As a chemical transmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO) is still thought a bit of an oddity, yet this role extends back to the beginnings of the evolution of the nervous system, predating many of the more familiar neurotransmitters. During the 20 years since it became known, evidence has accumulated for NO subserving an increasing number of functions in the mammalian central nervous system, as anticipated from the wide distribution of its synthetic and signal transduction machinery within it. This review attempts to probe beneath those functions and consider the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which NO evokes short- and long-term modifications in neural performance. With any transmitter, understanding its receptors is vital for decoding the language of communication. The receptor proteins specialised to detect NO are coupled to cGMP formation and provide an astonishing degree of amplification of even brief, low amplitude NO signals. Emphasis is given to the diverse ways in which NO receptor activation initiates changes in neuronal excitability and synaptic strength by acting at pre- and/or postsynaptic locations. Signalling to non-neuronal cells and an unexpected line of communication between endothelial cells and brain cells are also covered. Viewed from a mechanistic perspective, NO conforms to many of the rules governing more conventional neurotransmission, particularly of the metabotropic type, but stands out as being more economical and versatile, attributes that presumably account for its spectacular evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Garthwaite
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK.
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Palmerini CA, Mazzoni M, Saccardi C, Arienti G. The cytosolic calcium concentration is affected by S-nitrosocysteine in human lymphomonocytes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008; 22:35-40. [PMID: 18273907 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+](c) in mammalian cells is a complex phenomenon, requiring the contribution of many cellular and extracellular systems. Nitric oxide (NO) acts on [Ca2+](c), although the mechanism of this action is unknown. We study the release and the uptake of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum and its capacitative entry in human lymphomonocytes in the presence of the NO donor S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO) at low (16 microM) and at high (160 microM) concentrations by measuring the [Ca2+](c) by the Fura 2-AM method. Thapsigargin (TG), which inhibits sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), and nifedipine (NIF), which blocks the Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, are used to clarify the effects of NO on calcium movements. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, CysNO decreases basal [Ca2+](c), whereas TG increases it as the result of SERCA inhibition. This effect of TG diminishes in the presence of the NO donor. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+(capacitative entry conditions), CysNO does not influence Ca2+ entry but reduces the toxic effects of TG connected to the increase of [Ca2+](c) in these conditions. The effect of NIF is, up to a certain extent, similar to that of CysNO, although the mechanisms of action of the two agents do not seem related. We conclude that CysNO participates in [Ca2+](c) homeostasis by stimulating the movement of the ion from the cytosol to other compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo A Palmerini
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Medical School, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
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24
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Oscillatory membrane currents paradoxically induced via NO-activated pathways in detrusor cells. Cell Calcium 2008; 44:202-9. [PMID: 18241917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory inward membrane currents (I(oscil-in)) reflecting intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) activity in detrusor cells, are thought to play an important role in producing tonic bladder contractions during micturition. The present patch clamp study revealed a new activation mechanism: sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor induced I(oscil-in) in a subpopulation of detrusor cells. The inhibitory effect of niflumic acid on SNP-induced I(oscil-in) suggests that Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels are responsible for this current. In addition, SNP-induced I(oscil-in) required the cooperation of Ca(2+) influx through SK&F96365-sensitive channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release channels sensitive to ryanodine but insensitive to xestospongin C (XeC). This is also true for muscarinic agonist (carbachol: CCh)-induced I(oscil-in). However, 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, suppressed SNP-induced I(oscil-in) but not CCh-induced I(oscil-in). The results suggest that a subpopulation of detrusor cells employ the NO/cGMP cascade to potentiate bladder contraction. Mechanisms underlying NO-induced I(oscil-in) are likely to contribute not only to the physiology but also to the pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract.
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25
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Besson-Bard A, Pugin A, Wendehenne D. New insights into nitric oxide signaling in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 59:21-39. [PMID: 18031216 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A decade-long investigation of nitric oxide (NO) functions in plants has led to its characterization as a biological mediator involved in key physiological processes. Despite the wealth of information gathered from the analysis of its functions, until recently little was known about the mechanisms by which NO exerts its effects. In the past few years, part of the gap has been bridged. NO modulates the activity of proteins through nitrosylation and probably tyrosine nitration. Furthermore, NO can act as a Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger, and researchers are beginning to unravel the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between NO and Ca(2+). Nonetheless, progress in this area of research is hindered by our ignorance of the pathways for NO production in plants. This review summarizes the basic concepts of NO signaling in animals and discusses new insights into NO enzymatic sources and molecular signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Besson-Bard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
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26
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Ikeyama K, Fuziwara S, Denda M. Topical Application of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Accelerates Cutaneous Barrier Recovery and Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia Induced by Barrier Disruption. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:1713-9. [PMID: 17363920 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on skin barrier recovery rate was evaluated in hairless mouse. Topical application of an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor and a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor accelerated the barrier recovery after tape stripping, whereas application of an inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor had no effect. After tape stripping, the barrier recovery in nNOS-/- mice was significantly faster than in wild type. Topical application of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) delayed the barrier recovery in hairless mice. Immediately after barrier disruption on skin organ culture, NO release from the skin was significantly increased. The increase was blocked by nNOS inhibitor, but not by iNOS inhibitor. Topical application of the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) accelerated the barrier recovery, whereas SIN-1 chloride, a guanylyl cyclase activator, delayed the barrier recovery. In cultured human keratinocytes, SNAP increased the intracellular calcium concentration. The increase was blocked by ODQ, but not by the calcium channel-blocker nifedipine. In calcium-free medium, SNAP increased the intracellular calcium concentration. Topical application of both nNOS inhibitor and ODQ also reduced the epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption under low environmental humidity. These results suggest that NO plays an important signaling role in cutaneous barrier homeostasis and in epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption.
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27
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Laxalt AM, Raho N, Have AT, Lamattina L. Nitric Oxide Is Critical for Inducing Phosphatidic Acid Accumulation in Xylanase-elicited Tomato Cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:21160-8. [PMID: 17491015 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a second messenger related to development and (a)biotic stress responses in plants. We have studied the role of NO in signaling during plant defense responses upon xylanase elicitation. Treatment of tomato cell cultures with the fungal elicitor xylanase resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent NO accumulation. We have demonstrated that NO is required for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) via the activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) pathway. Defense-related responses downstream of PA were studied. PA and, correspondingly, xylanase were shown to induce reactive oxygen species production. Scavenging of NO or inhibition of either the PLC or the DGK enzyme diminished xylanase-induced reactive oxygen species production. Xylanase-induced PLDbeta1 and PR1 mRNA levels decreased when NO or PA production were compromised. Finally, we have shown that NO and PA are involved in the induction of cell death by xylanase. Treatment with NO scavenger cPTIO, PLC inhibitor U73122, or DGK inhibitor R59022 diminished xylanase-induced cell death. On the basis of biochemical and pharmacological experimental results, we have shown that PLC/DGK-derived PA represents a novel downstream component of NO signaling cascade during plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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28
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Brunelli S, Rovere-Querini P, Sciorati C, Manfredi AA, Clementi E. Nitric oxide: emerging concepts about its use in cell-based therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006; 16:33-43. [PMID: 17155852 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an emerging clinical discipline in which cell-based therapies are used to restore the functions of damaged or defective tissues and organs. Along with the well-established use of cells derived from bone marrow or pancreatic islets, novel approaches of cell therapy have recently emerged that appear particularly promising; that is, those using cell-based vaccines and stem cells. This review focuses on the recent developments of these experimental therapeutic approaches and their drawbacks, with specific focus on dendritic cell vaccines in tumours and mesoangioblasts in muscular dystrophies. The authors discuss how the unique properties of a gaseous messenger, NO, may be exploited to overcome some of the drawbacks of these cell-based approaches in combined therapies based on NO-releasing drugs and cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brunelli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Experimental, Environmental Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, 20052 Monza, Italy
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29
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Chvanov M, Gerasimenko OV, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV. Calcium-dependent release of NO from intracellular S-nitrosothiols. EMBO J 2006; 25:3024-32. [PMID: 16810320 PMCID: PMC1500983 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper describes a novel cellular mechanism for rapid calcium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) release. This release occurs due to NO liberation from S-nitrosothiols. We have analysed the changes of NO concentration in acutely isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Supramaximal acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation induced a Ca(2+)-dependent increase in the fluorescence in the majority of cells loaded with the NO probe DAF-FM via a patch pipette. The ACh-induced NO signals were insensitive to inhibitors of calmodulin and protein kinase C but were inhibited by calpain antagonists. The initial part of the NO signals induced by 10 muM ACh showed little sensitivity to inhibition of NO synthase (NOS); however, cell pretreatment with NO donors (increasing cellular S-nitrosothiol contents) substantially enhanced the initial component of NO responses. Pancreatic acinar cells were able to generate fast calcium-dependent NO responses when stimulated with physiological or supramaximal doses of secretagogues. Importantly, the source of this NO is the already available S-nitrosothiol store rather than de novo synthesis by NOS. A similar mechanism of NO release was found in dorsal root ganglia neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chvanov
- The Physiological Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. Tel.: +44 151 794 5351; Fax: +44 151 794 5327; E-mail:
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- The Physiological Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- The Physiological Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- The Physiological Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physiology, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. Tel.: +44 151 794 5351; Fax: +44 151 794 5327; E-mail:
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30
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Gensert JM, Ratan RR. The metabolic coupling of arginine metabolism to nitric oxide generation by astrocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006; 8:919-28. [PMID: 16771682 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2006.8.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arginine, the only known precursor of nitric oxide, enters the brain parenchyma from the blood through the endothelial cells or from the cerebral spinal fluid through the ependymal cells. Astrocytes, whose processes abut the endothelium and ependymum, take up arginine through cationic amino acid transporters and release arginine through this transport system to the synapses that astrocytes shield. Some of these synapses are excitatory, and liberate glutamate into the synaptic cleft. Glutamate induces arginine release from astrocytes, making it available to the neuron. Neurons can take up arginine to be used in nitric oxide-mediated processes, such as neurotransmission. Thus, neural and nonneural cells act in concert to affect neuron physiology in an elegantly integrated system. This review focuses on the components of the interaction between astrocytes and neurons in nitric oxide biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann M Gensert
- Burke/Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, USA.
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Lamotte O, Courtois C, Dobrowolska G, Besson A, Pugin A, Wendehenne D. Mechanisms of nitric-oxide-induced increase of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:1369-76. [PMID: 16631527 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a role for nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the elevation of the free cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) in plants using Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cells expressing the Ca(2+) reporter apoaequorin. Hyperosmotic stress induced a fast increase of [Ca(2+)](cyt) which was strongly reduced by pretreating cell suspensions with the NO scavenger carboxy PTIO, indicating that NO mediates [Ca(2+)](cyt) changes in plant cells challenged by abiotic stress. Accordingly, treatment of transgenic N. plumbaginifolia cells with the NO donor diethylamine NONOate was followed by a transient increase of [Ca(2+)](cyt) sensitive to plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel inhibitors and antagonist of cyclic ADP ribose. We provided evidence that NO might activate plasma membrane Ca(2+) channels by inducing a rapid and transient plasma membrane depolarization. Furthermore, NO-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) was suppressed by the kinase inhibitor staurosporine, suggesting that NO enhances [Ca(2+)](cyt) by promoting phosphorylation-dependent events. This result was further supported by the demonstration that the NO donor induced the activation of a 42-kDa protein kinase which belongs to SnRK2 families and corresponds to Nicotiana tabacum osmotic-stress-activated protein kinase (NtOSAK). Interestingly, NtOSAK was activated in response to hyperosmotic stress through a NO-dependent process, supporting the hypothesis that NO also promotes protein kinase activation during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lamotte
- Unité Mixte de Recherche INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, Dijon, France
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Vandelle E, Poinssot B, Wendehenne D, Bentéjac M, Alain P. Integrated signaling network involving calcium, nitric oxide, and active oxygen species but not mitogen-activated protein kinases in BcPG1-elicited grapevine defenses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:429-40. [PMID: 16610746 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have already reported the identification of the endopolygalacturonase 1 (BcPG1) from Botrytis cinerea as a potent elicitor of defense responses in grapevine, independently of its enzymatic activity. The aim of the present study is the analysis of the signaling pathways triggered by BcPG1 in grapevine cells. Our data indicate that BcPG1 induces a Ca2+ entry from the apoplasm, which triggers a phosphorylation-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production via an enzyme probably related to a NO synthase. Then NO is involved in (i) cytosolic calcium homeostasis, by activating Ca2+ release from internal stores and regulating Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane, (ii) plasma membrane potential variation, (iii) the activation of active oxygen species (AOS) production, and (iv) defense gene expression, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase and stilbene synthase, which encode enzymes responsible for phytoalexin biosynthesis. Interestingly enough, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is independent of this regulation pathway that closely connects Ca2+, NO, and AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vandelle
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184, Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon, France
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Calò LA. Vascular tone control in humans: Insights from studies in Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes. Kidney Int 2006; 69:963-6. [PMID: 16528244 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies in patients with Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes performed in the last 10 years have provided important insights into the mechanistic details of relevant pathways of angiotensin II signaling and vascular tone regulation, therefore making these syndromes a good human model to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. Extensive studies of patients with Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes have, in fact, shown biochemical abnormalities of angiotensin II short- and long-term cell signaling, which depict a mirror image of those found in hypertension. The information obtained from the study of this human model of altered vascular tone regulation show that it can be used to gather more general data and/or confirm mechanistic details of the cellular and biochemical events involved in the pathophysiology of vascular tone control and to shed light on the multiplicity of the angiotensin II signaling-related mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of hypertension and its long-term complication such as cardiovascular remodeling and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Calò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Dun Y, Van Ells T, Mysona B, Ola MS, Ganapathy V, Smith SB. Expression of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (xc-) in retinal ganglion cells and regulation by nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 324:189-202. [PMID: 16609915 PMCID: PMC3742366 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cystine-glutamate exchanger, system x(c)(-), mediates the Na(+)-independent exchange of cystine into cells, coupled to the efflux of intracellular glutamate. System x(c)(-) plays a critical role in glutathione homeostasis. Early studies of brain suggested that system x(c)(-) was present primarily in astrocytes but not neurons. More recent work indicates that certain brain neurons have an active system x(c)(-). In the retina, system x(c)(-) has been demonstrated in Müller and retinal pigment epithelial cells. We have recently suggested that two protein components of system x(c)(-), xCT and 4F2hc, are present in ganglion cells of the intact retina. Here, we have used (1) molecular and immunohistochemical assays to determine whether system x(c)(-) is present in primary ganglion cells isolated from neonatal mouse retinas and (2) functional assays to determine whether its activity is regulated by oxidative stress in a retinal ganglion cell line (RGC-5). Primary mouse ganglion cells and RGC-5 cells express xCT and 4F2hc. RGC-5 cells take up [(3)H]glutamate in the absence of Na(+), and this uptake is blocked by known substrates of system x(c)(-) (glutamate, cysteine, cystine, quisqualic acid). Treatment of RGC-5 cells with NO and reactive oxygen species donors leads to increased activity of system x(c)(-) associated with an increase in the maximal velocity of the transporter with no significant change in the substrate affinity. This is the first report of system x(c)(-) in primary retinal ganglion cells and RGC-5 cells. Oxidative stress upregulates this transport system in RGC-5 cells, and the process is associated with an increase in xCT mRNA and protein but no change in 4F2hc mRNA or protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dun
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Tracy Van Ells
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Barbara Mysona
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - M. Shamsul Ola
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
| | - Sylvia B. Smith
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA
- Please send correspondence to: Sylvia B. Smith, Ph.D., Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., CB 2820, Augusta, GA 30912-2000, 706-721-7392 (phone), 706-721-6839 (fax),
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Petzold GC, Scheibe F, Braun JS, Freyer D, Priller J, Dirnagl U, Dreier JP. Nitric oxide modulates calcium entry through P/Q-type calcium channels and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in rat cortical neurons. Brain Res 2005; 1063:9-14. [PMID: 16274675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) account for most of the depolarization-induced neuronal calcium entry. The susceptibility of individual routes of calcium entry for nitric oxide (NO) is largely unknown. We loaded cultured rat cortical neurons with fluo-4 acetoxymethylester to study the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-l-arginine and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine on the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). The potassium-induced [Ca2+]i increase was amplified by Nomega-nitro-l-arginine and attenuated by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. This modulation was abolished by either the P/Q-type VGCC antagonist omega-agatoxin IVA or by the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, but not by N-type (omega-conotoxin GVIA) or L-type (nimodipine) VGCC blockers. These results suggest that NO can modulate neuronal calcium entry during depolarization by interacting with P/Q-type VGCC and NMDAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor C Petzold
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Schumannstr. 20-21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Dedkova EN, Blatter LA. Modulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ by nitric oxide in cultured bovine vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C836-45. [PMID: 15901603 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00011.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with fluorescent indicator dyes to investigate the effects of nitric oxide (NO) produced endogenously by stimulation of the mitochondria-specific NO synthase (mtNOS) or applied exogenously through a NO donor, on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, membrane potential, and gating of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) in permeabilized cultured calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells. Higher concentrations (100–500 μM) of the NO donor spermine NONOate (Sper/NO) significantly reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ extrusion rates, whereas low concentrations of Sper/NO (<100 μM) had no effect on mitochondrial Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]mt). Stimulation of mitochondrial NO production by incubating cells with 1 mM l-arginine also decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, whereas inhibition of mtNOS with 10 μM l- N5-(1-iminoethyl)ornithine resulted in a significant increase of [Ca2+]mt. Sper/NO application caused a dose-dependent sustained mitochondrial depolarization as revealed with the voltage-sensitive dye tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE). Blocking mtNOS hyperpolarized basal mitochondrial membrane potential and partially prevented Ca2+-induced decrease in TMRE fluorescence. Higher concentrations of Sper/NO (100–500 μM) induced PTP opening, whereas lower concentrations (<100 μM) had no effect. The data demonstrate that in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells, stimulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake can activate NO production in mitochondria that in turn can modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux, demonstrating a negative feedback regulation. This mechanism may be particularly important to protect against mitochondrial Ca2+ overload under pathological conditions where cellular [NO] can reach very high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Dedkova
- Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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37
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Dang L, Seale JP, Qu X. HIGH GLUCOSE-INDUCED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELL HYPERPERMEABILITY IS DEPENDENT ON PROTEIN KINASE C ACTIVATION AND INDEPENDENT OF THE Ca2+-NITRIC OXIDE SIGNALLING PATHWAY. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 32:771-6. [PMID: 16173935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The precise molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia causes the increased permeability in endothelial cells are not yet well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether high concentrations of glucose induce endothelial permeability through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and/or the calcium-nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). 2. Endothelial permeability was measured by albumin diffusion across endothelial monolayers under the stimuli of high glucose (HG; 20 mmol/L), 100 nmol/L phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) or 100 nmol/L histamine. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was detected in HUVEC using the fluorescent probe fura-2 AM. The effects of PKC inhibitors (LY379196 and hypocrellin A) and the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) on endothelial permeability and [Ca2+]i were determined. 3. High glucose and PMA increased endothelial permeability associated with decreased [Ca2+]i, whereas histamine triggered significant increases in endothelial permeability, accompanied by increases in [Ca2+]i in HUVEC. Hypocrellin A (HA) and LY379196 reversed both HG- and histamine-induced endothelial permeability. The NOS inhibitor L-NMMA only abolished histamine- and not HG-induced endothelial permeability. Neither LY379196, HA nor L-NMMA had any significant effects on alterations in [Ca2+]i caused by HG and histamine. 4. These results indicate that increased endothelial permeability in HUVEC induced by HG is dependent on PKC activity and is independent of the [Ca2+]i-NO pathway. Increased endothelial permeability due to other inflammatory factors, such as histamine, may also be mediated by the PKC pathway. Thus, PKC inhibitors would be a potential therapeutic approach to endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia, as well as other inflammatory factors, in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dang
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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38
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Shen J, Harada N, Nakazawa H, Yamashita T. Involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in ATP-induced Ca2+ signalling in cochlear inner hair cells. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21:2912-22. [PMID: 15978003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of the guinea pig cochlea, which inhibited the ATP-induced increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) by a feedback mechanism [Shen, J., Harada, N. & Yamashita, T. (2003) Neurosci. Lett., 337, 135-138]. We herein investigated the role of the NO-cGMP pathway and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in the ATP-induced Ca(2+) signalling in IHCs using the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye fura-2 and the NO-sensitive dye DAF-2. Fura-2 fluorescence-quenching experiments with Mn(2+) showed that ATP triggered a Mn(2+) influx. L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, accelerated the ATP-induced Mn(2+) influx while S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor, suppressed it. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and KT5823, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, enhanced the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase. 8-Bromoguanosine-cGMP, a membrane-permeant analogue of cGMP mimicked the effects of SNAP. Moreover, the effects of 7-nitroindazole, a selective nNOS inhibitor, mimicked the effects of L-NAME regarding both the enhancement of the ATP-induced Ca(2+) response and the attenuation of NO production. Immunofluorescent staining of nNOS using a single IHC revealed that nNOS was distributed throughout the IHCs, but enriched in the apical region of the IHCs as shown by intense staining. In conclusion, the ATP-induced Ca(2+) influx may be the principal source for nNOS activity, which may interact with P2X receptors in the apical region of IHCs. Thereafter, NO can be produced and conversely inhibits the Ca(2+) influx via the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway by a feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Hearing Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizonocho 10-15, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
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39
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Barvitenko NN, Adragna NC, Weber RE. Erythrocyte signal transduction pathways, their oxygenation dependence and functional significance. Cell Physiol Biochem 2005; 15:1-18. [PMID: 15665511 DOI: 10.1159/000083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrocytes play a key role in human and vertebrate metabolism. Tissue O2 supply is regulated by both hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 affinity and erythrocyte rheology, a key determinant of tissue perfusion. Oxygenation-deoxygenation transitions of Hb may lead to re-organization of the cytoskeleton and signalling pathways activation/deactivation in an O2-dependent manner. Deoxygenated Hb binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the anion exchanger band 3, which is anchored to the cytoskeleton, and is considered a major mechanism underlying the oxygenation-dependence of several erythrocyte functions. This work discusses the multiple modes of Hb-cytoskeleton interactions. In addition, it reviews the effects of Mg2+, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, NO, shear stress and Ca2+, all factors accompanying the oxygenation-deoxygenation cycle in circulating red cells. Due to the extensive literature on the subject, the data discussed here, pertain mainly to human erythrocytes whose O2 affinity is modulated by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ectothermic vertebrate erythrocytes that use ATP, and to bird erythrocytes that use inositol pentaphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda N Barvitenko
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
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40
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Molinuevo MS, Etcheverry SB, Cortizo AM. Macrophage activation by a vanadyl–aspirin complex is dependent on L-type calcium channel and the generation of nitric oxide. Toxicology 2005; 210:205-12. [PMID: 15840434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is the result of a tight balance between bone resorption and bone formation where macrophage activation is believed to contribute to bone resorption. We have previously shown that a vanadyl(IV)-aspirin complex (VOAspi) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in culture. In this study, we assessed VOAspi and VO effects and their possible mechanism of action on a mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Both vanadium compounds inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Nifedipine completely reversed the VOAspi-induced macrophage cytotoxicity, while it could not block the effect of VO. VOAspi also stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR-123) and enhanced the expression of both constitutive and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide syntases (NOS). All these effects were abolished by nifedipine. Altogether our finding give evidence that VOAspi-induced macrophage cytotoxicity is dependent on L-type calcium channel and the generation of NO though the induction of eNOS and iNOS. Contrary, the parent compound VO exerted a cytotoxic effect by mechanisms independent of a calcium entry and the NO/NOS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Molinuevo
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Patológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Kasparov S, Paton J, Wang S, Deuchars J. Nitroxergic Modulation in the NTS. ADVANCES IN VAGAL AFFERENT NEUROBIOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203492314.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Wendehenne D, Gould K, Lamotte O, Durner J, Vandelle E, Lecourieux D, Courtois C, Barnavon L, Bentéjac M, Pugin A. NO signaling functions in the biotic and abiotic stress responses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2005; 5:S35. [PMCID: PMC1810283 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-5-s1-s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Wendehenne
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Kevin Gould
- Plant Sciences Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - David Lecourieux
- UMR CNRS 6161, Laboratoire de Transport des Assimilats, UFR Sciences-Bâtiment Botanique, 40 avenue de Recteur Pineau, Poitiers 86022 Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Courtois
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Barnavon
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Marc Bentéjac
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
| | - Alain Pugin
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Universitŭ de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, Dijon 21065 Cedex, France
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43
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Cal?? LA, Pessina AC, Semplicini A. Angiotensin II Signalling in Bartter???s and Gitelman???s Syndromes. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2005. [DOI: 10.2165/00151642-200512010-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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44
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Zhang AY, Yi F, Teggatz EG, Zou AP, Li PL. Enhanced production and action of cyclic ADP-ribose during oxidative stress in small bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle. Microvasc Res 2004; 67:159-67. [PMID: 15020207 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in our lab and by others have indicated that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) as a novel second messenger is importantly involved in vasomotor response in various vascular beds. However, the mechanism regulating cADPR production and actions remains poorly understood. The present study determined whether changes in redox status influence the production and action of cADPR in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) and thereby alters vascular tone in these arteries. HPLC analyses demonstrated that xanthine (X, 40 microM)/xanthine oxidase (XO, 0.1 U/ml), a superoxide-generating system, increased the ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity by 59% in freshly isolated bovine CASMCs. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 1-100 microM) had no significant effect on ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity. In these CASMCs, X/XO produced a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i (Delta[Ca2+]i=201 nM), which was significantly attenuated by a cADPR antagonist, 8-Br-cADPR. Both inhibition of cADPR production by nicotinamide (Nicot) and blockade of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) by tetracaine (TC) and ryanodine (Rya) significantly reduced X/XO-induced rapid Ca2+ responses. In isolated, perfused, and pressurized small bovine coronary arteries, X at 2.5-80 microM with a fixed XO level produced a concentration-dependent vasoconstriction with a maximal decrease in arterial diameter of 45%. This X/XO-induced vasoconstriction was significantly attenuated by 8-Br-cADPR, Nicot, TC, or Rya. We conclude that superoxide activates cADPR production, and thereby mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ from the SR and produces vasoconstriction in coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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45
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Grassi C, D'Ascenzo M, Azzena GB. Modulation of Ca(v)1 and Ca(v)2.2 channels induced by nitric oxide via cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Neurochem Int 2004; 45:885-93. [PMID: 15312983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unconventional gaseous transmitter nitric oxide (NO) markedly influences most of mechanisms involved in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In excitable cells, Ca2+ signaling mainly depends on the activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). In the present paper, we will review data from our laboratory and others characterizing NO-induced modulation of Ca(v)1 (L-type) and Ca(v)2.2 (N-type) channels. In particular, we will explore experimental evidence indicating that NO's inhibition of channel gating is produced via cGMP-dependent protein kinase and examine some of the numerous cell functions that are potentially influenced by the action of NO on Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University S. Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, I-00168 Rome, Italy.
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46
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Ozturk H, Buyukbayram H, Ozdemir E, Ketani A, Gurel A, Onen A, Otçu S. The effects of nitric oxide on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, UEA-1, and tenascin) in rats with unilateral testicular torsion. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38:1621-7. [PMID: 14614712 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of adhesion molecules in the early course of testicular I-R injury in rats. METHODS Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups, each containing 10 rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (I-R), after 6 hours of unilateral testicular torsion, 1-hour detorsion of the testis was performed. In group 3 (I-R/L-NAME), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group II, L-NAME was given for 30 minutes. In group 4 (I-R/Mol), after performing the same surgical procedure (torsion and detorsion) as in group II, molsidomine, an NO donor, was infused for 30 minutes. Then, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed to measure the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO and to make histologic examination. RESULTS MDA values and the testicular injury score decreased and NO values increased in the I-R/Mol-treated group compared with other experimental groups. The tenascin expression in the interstitial space and basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi were milder in the I-R/Mol group compared with that of the I-R and the I-R/L-NAME. The acrosomes of the spermatids in I-R and I-R/L-NAME groups were stained mildly by lectin. In the I-R and I-R/L-NAME groups, the interstitial spaces, basement membrane of the tubuli seminiferi, and sertoli and germinal cells in testicular tissue were stained intensely by ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS The expression of adhesion molecules such as tenascin, lectin, and ICAM-1 in the torted testicular tissue may be a pathophysiologic sign of inflammation. NO regulates adhesion molecules expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozturk
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dicle University, Medical School, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Werry TD, Wilkinson GF, Willars GB. Mechanisms of cross-talk between G-protein-coupled receptors resulting in enhanced release of intracellular Ca2+. Biochem J 2003; 374:281-96. [PMID: 12790797 PMCID: PMC1223610 DOI: 10.1042/bj20030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2003] [Revised: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 06/05/2003] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alteration in [Ca(2+)](i) (the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+)) is a key regulator of many cellular processes. To allow precise regulation of [Ca(2+)](i) and a diversity of signalling by this ion, cells possess many mechanisms by which they are able to control [Ca(2+)](i) both globally and at the subcellular level. Among these are many members of the superfamily of GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), which are characterized by the presence of seven transmembrane domains. Typically, those receptors able to activate PLC (phospholipase C) enzymes cause release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and influence Ca(2+) entry across the plasma membrane. It has been well documented that Ca(2+) signalling by one type of GPCR can be influenced by stimulation of a different type of GPCR. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated heterologous desensitization between two different PLC-coupled GPCRs. This is not surprising, given our current understanding of negative-feedback regulation and the likely shared components of the signalling pathway. However, there are also many documented examples of interactions between GPCRs, often coupling preferentially to different signalling pathways, which result in a potentiation of Ca(2+) signalling. Such interactions have important implications for both the control of cell function and the interpretation of in vitro cell-based assays. However, there is currently no single mechanism that adequately accounts for all examples of this type of cross-talk. Indeed, many studies either have not addressed this issue or have been unable to determine the mechanism(s) involved. This review seeks to explore a range of possible mechanisms to convey their potential diversity and to provide a basis for further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim D Werry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, UK
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Vokurková M, Dobesová Z, Pechánová O, Kunes J, Zicha J. Erythrocyte ion transport and membrane lipid composition in young and adult rats with NO-deficient hypertension. Life Sci 2003; 73:1637-44. [PMID: 12875896 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to search for abnormalities of sodium and potassium transport in erythrocytes of male Wistar rats subjected to chronic L-NAME treatment (40 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks either from weaning (4-week-old) or in adulthood (12-week-old). Sodium content, Na(+),K(+)-pump and Na(+),K(+)-cotransport activity, cation leaks as well as membrane cholesterol and phospholipid contents were determined in fresh erythrocytes. Chronic inhibition of NO synthase elicited similar blood pressure rise in both age groups which did not differ in the degree of NO synthase inhibition. No significant ion transport abnormalities were disclosed in erythrocytes of young NO-deficient rats, whereas erythrocyte Na(+) content, outward Na(+),K(+)-cotransport and inward Na(+) leak were significantly reduced in adult hypertensive animals compared to age-matched controls. It should be noted that the erythrocytes of adult control rats were characterized by higher activity of Na(+),K(+)-pump and Na(+),K(+)-cotransport, increased Na(+) and Rb(+) leaks and elevated membrane cholesterol content compared to those of young normotensive controls. Increased Na(+) leak and elevated membrane cholesterol content but reduced membrane phospholipid content were revealed in erythrocytes of adult hypertensive rats when compared to young hypertensive rats. It can be concluded that young and adult Wistar rats did not differ in the extent of NO synthase inhibition and blood pressure rise elicited by chronic L-NAME treatment. Our results exclude the important participation of classical sodium transport abnormalities in the pathogenesis of this NO-deficient form of experimental hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vokurková
- Center for Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Yuan Z, Iida H, Inoue N, Ishikawa Y, Ishida H. Effect of SNI-2011 on amylase secretion from parotid tissue in rats and in neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 464:197-206. [PMID: 12620514 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of (+/-)cis-2-methylspilo(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3')quinuclidine (SNI-2011) on the secretory pathway of amylase in parotid tissues was investigated. SNI-2011-induced exocytosis was inhibited by a cell-permeable Ca(2+) chelator or inhibitors of calmodulin kinase II, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), soluble guanyl cyclase, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), and myosin light chain kinase, suggesting that these enzymes were coupled with the exocytosis. Stimulation with SNI-2011 of isolated rat parotid acinar cells loaded with 4,5-diaminofluorescein/diacetate (DAF-2/DA) induced a fast increase in DAF fluorescence corresponding to an increase in the NO production. SNI-2011-induced amylase secretion from parotid tissues in nNOS knockout mice has not been observed yet in spite of the expression of muscarinic M(3) receptors and the maintenance of secretory response to isoproterenol in the tissues. These results indicate the implication of the activation of Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent enzymes and NOS-PKG signaling pathway in SNI-2011-induced amylase secretion from parotid acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Japan
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Moneer Z, Dyer JL, Taylor CW. Nitric oxide co-ordinates the activities of the capacitative and non-capacitative Ca2+-entry pathways regulated by vasopressin. Biochem J 2003; 370:439-48. [PMID: 12459038 PMCID: PMC1223200 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2002] [Revised: 11/28/2002] [Accepted: 12/02/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells vasopressin, via arachidonic acid, regulates two Ca(2+)-entry pathways. Capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE), activated by empty Ca(2+) stores, is inhibited by arachidonic acid, and non-capacitative Ca(2+) entry (NCCE) is stimulated by it. This reciprocal regulation ensures that all Ca(2+) entry is via NCCE in the presence of vasopressin, while CCE mediates a transient Ca(2+) entry only after removal of vasopressin. We demonstrate that type III NO synthase (NOS III) is expressed in A7r5 cells and that NO inhibits CCE. Inhibition of CCE by vasopressin requires NOS III and the requirement lies downstream of arachidonic acid. Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by NO and subsequent activation of protein kinase G are required for inhibition of CCE. Stimulation of NCCE by vasopressin also requires NOS III, but the stimulation is neither mimicked by cGMP nor blocked by inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase or protein kinase G. We conclude that arachidonic acid formed in response to vasopressin stimulates NOS III. NO then directly stimulates Ca(2+) entry through NCCE and, via protein kinase G, it inhibits CCE. The additional amplification provided by the involvement of guanylate cyclase and protein kinase G ensures that CCE will always be inhibited when vasopressin activates NCCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Moneer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
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