1
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Eriksson P, Johansson N, Viberg H, Buratovic S, Fredriksson A. Perfluorinated chemicals (PFOA) can, by interacting with highly brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE 209) during a defined period of neonatal brain development, exacerbate neurobehavioural defects. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 96:107150. [PMID: 36584763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous persistent environmental compounds, present in humans and at higher levels in infants/children than in adults. This study shows that co-exposure to pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE (PBDE 209) can significantly exacerbate developmental neurobehavioural defects. Neonatal male NMRI mice, 3 and 10 days old, were exposed perorally to PBDE 209 (1.4 or 8.0 μmol/kg bw), PFOA (1.4 or 14 μmol/kg bw), co-exposed to PBDE 209 and PFOA (at the given doses), or a vehicle (20% fat emulsion) and observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment when 2 and 4 months old. The behavioural defects observed included hyperactivity and reduced habituation indicating cognitive defects. This interaction appears most likely dependent on the presence of PBDE 209 and/or its metabolites together with PFOA, during a defined critical period of neonatal brain development, corresponding to the perinatal and newborn period in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Niclas Johansson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Quijano Cardé NA, Shaw J, Carter C, Kim S, Stitzel JA, Venkatesh SK, Ramchandani VA, De Biasi M. Mutation of the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit increases ethanol and nicotine consumption in adolescence and impacts adult drug consumption. Neuropharmacology 2022; 216:109170. [PMID: 35752273 PMCID: PMC9308728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and nicotine are commonly used during adolescence, establishing long-lasting neuroplastic alterations that influence subsequent drug use and abuse. Drinking- and smoking-related traits have been extensively associated with variation in CHRNA5 - the gene that encodes the α5 subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968 in CHRNA5 encodes an amino acid substitution (D398N) that alters the function and pharmacokinetics of α5-containing nAChR. When expressed in rodents, this variant results in increased ethanol and nicotine operant self-administration. How disruption of α5-containing nAChRs influences adolescent ethanol and nicotine intake, and how it modulates interactions between these drugs has not been previously explored. In the present study, we examined volitional ethanol and nicotine consumption in adolescent mice (post-natal day 30-43) of both sexes with mutated (SNP) or lacking (KO) the α5 nAChR subunit. The effect of adolescent alcohol or nicotine exposure on home cage consumption of the opposite drug in adulthood and its modulation by Chrna5 mutation and sex were examined. During adolescence, we found that α5 nAChR disruption increases nicotine intake in mice of both sexes, but the effect on alcohol intake was only observed in females. The sex-specific increase in alcohol consumption in α5 SNP and KO was replicated in adulthood. The effect of adolescent alcohol or nicotine exposure on subsequent intake of the opposite drug in adulthood is modulated by sex and Chrna5 mutation. These observations suggest sex differences in the genetic architecture of alcohol dependence, and modulators of alcohol and nicotine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Quijano Cardé
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Shaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Neuroscience Program, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Shyamala K Venkatesh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Laboratory of Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Laboratory of Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Xavier J, Singh S, Kumari P, Ravichandiran V. Neurological repercussions of neonatal nicotine exposure: A review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 82:3-18. [PMID: 34913189 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is hazardous to both the mother and the foetus, according to a substantial amount of recorded data. Exposure to nicotine and other compounds in cigarette smoke increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by two to five times during pregnancy. Serotonergic abnormalities have been discovered in SIDS infants in the zone of the medulla oblongata, which is known to control cardio-respiratory function. SIDS establishes a connection between depression, learning difficulties and behavioural disorders. Prenatal nicotine intake during the second trimester affects the dopaminergic neurological system, making the foetal brain more susceptible to nicotine and developing ADHD symptoms not just in a foetus but in adolescents also. Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the neurological route of neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and dopamine. Nicotine enhances neuronal activity in adults but desensitizes these processes in babies and young children exposed prenatally. The impact of a neurotoxin like nicotine is determined by the amount and duration of exposure. Continued exposure throughout pregnancy will influence a wide range of activities in the neurodevelopment, whereas exposure confined to a single stage of pregnancy may only affect the processes that are forming at that stage. To decrease the effect of nicotine on neonates due to maternal smoking strategies like nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), folic acid treatment and other behavioural treatments have been studied. Hence, this review focuses on the impact of exposure to nicotine on neonates, which results in various neurological consequences and smoking cessation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyal Xavier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Hajipur, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Hajipur, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Hajipur, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), Hajipur, India
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4
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Antonelli F, Casciati A, Belles M, Serra N, Linares-Vidal MV, Marino C, Mancuso M, Pazzaglia S. Long-Term Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Hippocampus: Linking Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation with Radiation Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212605. [PMID: 34830484 PMCID: PMC8624704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy represents one of the primary treatment modalities for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Although recent advances in radiation techniques, that allow the delivery of higher radiation doses to the target volume, reduce the toxicity to normal tissues, long-term neurocognitive decline is still a detrimental factor significantly affecting quality of life, particularly in pediatric patients. This imposes the need for the development of prevention strategies. Based on recent evidence, showing that manipulation of the Shh pathway carries therapeutic potential for brain repair and functional recovery after injury, here we evaluate how radiation-induced hippocampal alterations are modulated by the constitutive activation of the Shh signaling pathway in Patched 1 heterozygous mice (Ptch1+/-). Our results show, for the first time, an overall protective effect of constitutive Shh pathway activation on hippocampal radiation injury. This activation, through modulation of the proneural gene network, leads to a long-term reduction of hippocampal deficits in the stem cell and new neuron compartments and to the mitigation of radio-induced astrogliosis, despite some behavioral alterations still being detected in Ptch1+/- mice. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the neural decline following irradiation is essential for identifying prevention measures to contain the harmful consequences of irradiation. Our data have important translational implications as they suggest a role for Shh pathway manipulation to provide the therapeutic possibility of improving brain repair and functional recovery after radio-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Montserrat Belles
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Noemi Serra
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Maria Victoria Linares-Vidal
- Physiology Unit, School of Medicine, Rovira I Virgili University (URV), 43007 Reus, Spain; (M.B.); (N.S.); (M.V.L.-V.)
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (S.P.)
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5
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Nakauchi S, Su H, Trang I, Sumikawa K. Long-term effects of early postnatal nicotine exposure on cholinergic function in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 181:107445. [PMID: 33895349 PMCID: PMC9836228 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In rodent models of smoking during pregnancy, early postnatal nicotine exposure results in impaired hippocampus-dependent memory, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Given that hippocampal cholinergic systems modulate memory and rapid development of hippocampal cholinergic systems occurs during nicotine exposure, here we investigated its impacts on cholinergic function. Both nicotinic and muscarinic activation produce transient or long-lasting depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 region. We found that postnatal nicotine exposure impairs both the induction and nicotinic modulation of NMDAR-dependent long-term depression (LTD). Activation of muscarinic receptors decreases excitatory synaptic transmission and CA1 network activity in both wild-type and α2 knockout mice. These muscarinic effects are still observed in nicotine-exposed mice. M1 muscarinic receptor activity is required for mGluR-dependent LTD. Early postnatal nicotine exposure has no effect on mGluR-dependent LTD induction, suggesting that it has no effect on the function of m1 muscarinic receptors involved in this form of LTD. Our results demonstrate that early postnatal nicotine exposure has more pronounced effects on nicotinic function than muscarinic function in the hippocampal CA1 region. Thus, impaired hippocampus-dependent memory may arise from the developmental disruption of nicotinic cholinergic systems in the hippocampal CA1 region.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/growth & development
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- Cigarette Smoking
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects
- Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology
- Female
- Lactation
- Long-Term Synaptic Depression/drug effects
- Long-Term Synaptic Depression/physiology
- Male
- Maternal Exposure
- Memory/drug effects
- Memory/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nicotine/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Receptor, Muscarinic M1/drug effects
- Receptor, Muscarinic M1/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Nakauchi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Hailing Su
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Ivan Trang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Katumi Sumikawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA.
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6
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Sun YJ, Cao QJ, Xu MY, Yang L, Wu YJ. Individual and combined hepatocytotoxicity of DDT and cadmium in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:270-279. [PMID: 33856234 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211007361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd) are widespread environmental pollutants. They are persistent in the environment and can accumulate in organisms. Although the individual toxicity of DDT and Cd has been well documented, their combined toxicity is still not clear. Since liver is their common target, in this study, the individual and combined toxicity of DDT and Cd in human liver carcinoma HepG2 and human normal liver THLE-3 cell lines were investigated. The results showed that DDT and Cd inhibited the viability of HepG2 and THLE-3 cells dose-dependently and altered lysosomal morphology and function. Intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were induced by DDT and Cd treatment. The combined cytotoxicity of DDT and Cd was greater than their individual cytotoxicity, and the interaction between Cd and DDT was additive on the inhibition of cell viability and lysosomal function of HepG2 cells. The interaction was antagonistic on the inhibition of cell viability of THLE-3 cells. These results may facilitate the evaluation of the cumulative risk of pesticides and heavy metal residues in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Juan Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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7
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Serrano C, Dos Santos M, Kereselidze D, Beugnies L, Lestaevel P, Poirier R, Durand C. Targeted Dorsal Dentate Gyrus or Whole Brain Irradiation in Juvenile Mice Differently Affects Spatial Memory and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030192. [PMID: 33806303 PMCID: PMC8002088 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive consequences of postnatal brain exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) at low to moderate doses in the adult are not fully established. Because of the advent of pediatric computed tomography scans used for head exploration, improving our knowledge of these effects represents a major scientific challenge. To evaluate how IR may affect the developing brain, models of either whole brain (WB) or targeted dorsal dentate gyrus (DDG) irradiation in C57Bl/6J ten-day-old male mice were previously developed. Here, using these models, we assessed and compared the effect of IR (doses range: 0.25-2 Gy) on long-term spatial memory in adulthood using a spatial water maze task. We then evaluated the effects of IR exposure on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, a form of plasticity involved in spatial memory. Three months after WB exposure, none of the doses resulted in spatial memory impairment. In contrast, a deficit in memory retrieval was identified after DDG exposure for the dose of 1 Gy only, highlighting a non-monotonic dose-effect relationship in this model. At this dose, a brain irradiated volume effect was also observed when studying adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the two models. In particular, only DDG exposure caused alteration in cell differentiation. The most deleterious effect observed in adult hippocampal neurogenesis after targeted DDG exposure at 1 Gy may contribute to the memory retrieval deficit in this model. Altogether these results highlight the complexity of IR mechanisms in the brain that can lead or not to cognitive disorders and provide new knowledge of interest for the radiation protection of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Serrano
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Research Department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.S.); (D.K.); (L.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental Exposure (LRAcc), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine (SERAMED), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;
| | - Dimitri Kereselidze
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Research Department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.S.); (D.K.); (L.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Louison Beugnies
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Research Department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.S.); (D.K.); (L.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Philippe Lestaevel
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Research Department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.S.); (D.K.); (L.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Roseline Poirier
- Paris-Saclay Neuroscience Institute (Neuro-PSI), University Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197 CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Christelle Durand
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Research Department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (C.S.); (D.K.); (L.B.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (C.D.)
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8
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Rose M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06421. [PMID: 33732387 PMCID: PMC7938899 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 μg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern. An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
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9
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He Y, Chen J, Zhu LH, Hua LL, Ke FF. Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1637-1647. [PMID: 29039728 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717696766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Findings on maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD risk in children are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize effects of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy on ADHD risk in children. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to select articles up to June 2016. Only prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Pooled RR estimates based on 12 cohort studies including 17,304 pregnant women suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (pooled RR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.33, 1.88]). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to an increased risk of ADHD in children. There is an urgent need to increase maternal awareness of smoking risk and quitting smoking to mitigate the ADHD risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, China
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10
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Determining nicotine-related behavior changes in juvenile female rats through long-term maternal nicotine exposure. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:34-44. [PMID: 31625971 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been developed as a drug therapy for smoking cessation and has been considered a safe alternative to smoking during pregnancy. However, the effects of long-term nicotine exposure via NRT on the fetus are still being debated. Here, we determined the effects of long-term maternal nicotine exposure in gestation and lactation on nicotine-related behavior and drug vulnerability in dams and offspring rats. To expose long-term nicotine, on gestation day 14, pregnant rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing nicotine tartrate (6 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously, equivalent to 2 mg nicotine-freebase) for 28 days. The concentration of cotinine in blood was 373.0 ± 109.0 ng/ml in dams and 12.50 ± 1.19 ng/ml in offspring rats. In dams, we found no significant differences in anxiety-like behaviors and various maternal behaviors such as touching, sniffing, pup licking, laying on pups, and retrieval between saline- and nicotine-exposed groups. Adolescent offspring female rats showed no significant differences in anxiety-like behavior and forced alcohol consumption between saline- and nicotine-exposed groups. Nicotine-exposed offspring rats showed more increased nicotine aversion than saline-exposed groups, but the effect was disturbed in the forced alcohol consumption condition on the first day of the nicotine consumption test. Taken together, these results suggest that, in the last gestation and lactation period corresponding to the second and third trimester of human pregnancy, long-term maternal nicotine exposure has a minor effect on dam and female offspring health and does not involve serious pathological changes in rat offspring, despite the presence of nicotine in their blood.
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11
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Al Shoyaib A, Vaidya B, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato T. Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 153:63-79. [PMID: 31883376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e-Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8-9-day-old pups. Short-term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e-Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e-Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e-Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e-Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e-Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e-Cig use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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12
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Li W, Li H, Wei H, Lu Y, Lei S, Zheng J, Lu H, Chen X, Liu Y, Zhang P. 17β-Estradiol Treatment Attenuates Neurogenesis Damage and Improves Behavior Performance After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:251. [PMID: 31263401 PMCID: PMC6585163 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine exposure disturbed normal neurogenesis in the developing brain and resulted in subsequent neurocognitive deficits. 17β-estradiol provides robust neuroprotection in a variety of brain injury models in animals of both sexes and attenuates neurodegeneration induced by anesthesia agents. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether 17β-estradiol could attenuate neonatal ketamine exposure-disturbed neurogenesis and behavioral performance. We treated 7-day-old (Postnatal day 7, PND 7) Sprague-Dawley rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) with either normal saline, ketamine, or 17β-estradiol before/after ketamine exposure, respectively. At PND 14, the rats were decapitated to detect neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus by immunofluorescence staining. The proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and apoptosis of NSCs were assessed by immunohistochemistry method and TUNEL assay, respectively. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in vivo in addition to GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β in vitro were examined by western blotting. Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test at PND 42–47. Ketamine exposure decreased cell proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ, inhibited NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation, promoted NSC apoptosis and led to adult cognitive deficits. Furthermore, ketamine increased cleaved caspase-3 in vivo and decreased the expression of p-GSK-3β in vitro. Treatment with 17β-estradiol could attenuate ketamine-induced changes both in vivo and in vitro. For the first time we showed that 17β-estradiol alleviated ketamine-induced neurogenesis inhibition and cognitive dysfunction in the developing rat brain. Moreover, the protection of 17β-estradiol was associated with GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huixian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haidong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Lu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject, Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject, Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Key Academic Subject, Physiology of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Dos Santos M, Kereselidze D, Gloaguen C, Benadjaoud MA, Tack K, Lestaevel P, Durand C. Development of whole brain versus targeted dentate gyrus irradiation model to explain low to moderate doses of exposure effects in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17262. [PMID: 30467388 PMCID: PMC6250717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the consequences of low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR) remains a societal challenge, especially for children exposed to CT scans. Appropriate experimental models are needed to improve scientific understanding of how exposure of the postnatal brain to IR affects behavioral functions and their related pathophysiological mechanisms, considering brain complex functional organization. In the brain, the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus can be involved in distinct major behavioral functions. To study the long term behavioral effects of brain exposure at low to moderate doses of IR (doses range 0.25–1 Gy), we developed three new experimental models in 10-day-old mice: a model of brain irradiation and two targeted irradiation models of the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. We used the technological properties of the SARRP coupled with MR imaging. Our irradiation strategy has been twofold endorsed. The millimetric ballistic specificity of our models was first validated by measuring gamma-H2AX increase after irradiation. We then demonstrated higher anxiety/depressive-like behavior, preferentially mediate by the ventral part of the dentate gyrus, in mice after brain and ventral dentate gyrus IR exposure. This work provides new tools to enhance scientific understanding of how to protect children exposed to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dos Santos
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental exposures (LRAcc), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - D Kereselidze
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - C Gloaguen
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - M A Benadjaoud
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department of RAdiobiology and regenerative MEDicine (SERAMED), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - K Tack
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - P Lestaevel
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - C Durand
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research department on the Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Laboratory of experimental Radiotoxicology and Radiobiology (LRTOX), Fontenay aux Roses, France.
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14
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Philippot G, Stenerlöw B, Fredriksson A, Sundell‐Bergman S, Eriksson P, Buratovic S. Developmental effects of neonatal fractionated co‐exposure to low‐dose gamma radiation and paraquat on behaviour in adult mice. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:582-589. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Philippot
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Synnöve Sundell‐Bergman
- Department of Soil and EnvironmentSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental ToxicologyUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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15
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Forced but not free-choice nicotine during lactation alters maternal behavior and noradrenergic system of pups: Impact on social behavior of adolescent isolated male rats. Neuroscience 2017; 361:6-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Lin Q, Hou XY, Yin XN, Wen GM, Sun D, Xian DX, Fan L, Jiang H, Jing J, Jin Y, Wu CA, Chen WQ. Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Hyperactivity Behavior in Chinese Young Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1132. [PMID: 28953223 PMCID: PMC5664633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and hyperactivity behaviors in young children. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 21,243 participants from all of the kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China. Multivariate logistic regression models and hierarchical linear models were employed to assess the associations. After adjusting for potential confounders of gender, preterm birth, birth asphyxiation, etc., prenatal ETS exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperactivity behaviors in young children (OR (95% CI) = 1.51 (1.28-1.77); β (95% CI) = 0.017 (0.013-0.020)). Along with increases in children's prenatal ETS exposure dose (measured by daily ETS exposure duration, daily cigarette consumption by household members, and overall score of prenatal ETS exposure), the children were also increasingly more likely to exhibit hyperactivity behaviors. Furthermore, children whose mothers had prenatal ETS exposure in any one or more of the pregnancy trimesters were more likely to exhibit hyperactivity behaviors as compared with those born to non-exposure mothers (all p < 0.05). Overall, prenatal ETS exposure could be associated with a detrimental impact on offspring's hyperactivity behaviors, and public health efforts are needed to reduce prenatal ETS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Australia China Centre for Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Xiang-Yu Hou
- Australia China Centre for Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
| | - Xiao-Na Yin
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District, Shenzhen 518131, China.
| | - Guo-Min Wen
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District, Shenzhen 518131, China.
| | - Dengli Sun
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District, Shenzhen 518131, China.
| | - Dan-Xia Xian
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District, Shenzhen 518131, China.
| | - Lijun Fan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Jin Jing
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Longhua New District, Shenzhen 518131, China.
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- Australia China Centre for Public Health, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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17
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Pretreatment with minocycline restores neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and subgranular zone of the hippocampus after ketamine exposure in neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2017; 352:144-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Increased risk of developing schizophrenia in animals exposed to cigarette smoke during the gestational period. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:199-206. [PMID: 28229913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking during the prenatal period has been investigated as a causative factor of obstetric abnormalities, which lead to cognitive and behavioural changes associated with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate behaviour and AChE activity in brain structures in adult rats exposed to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats were divided into non-PCSE (non-prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) and PCSE (prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) groups. On post-natal day 60, the rats received saline or ketamine for 7days and were subjected to behavioural tasks. In the locomotor activity task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited increased locomotor activity compared with the saline group. In the social interaction task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited an increased latency compared with the control groups. However, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited a decreased latency compared with the non-PCSE+ketamine group, which indicates that the cigarette exposure appeared to decrease, the social deficits generated by ketamine. In the inhibitory avoidance task, the non-PCSE+ketamine, PCSE, and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited impairments in working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. In the pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test, cigarette smoke associated with ketamine resulted in impaired PPI in 3 pre-pulse (PP) intensity groups compared with the control groups. In the biochemical analysis, the AChE activity in brain structures increased in the ketamine groups; however, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited an exacerbated effect in all brain structures. The present study indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period may affect behaviour and cerebral cholinergic structures during adulthood.
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Goulding DR, White SS, McBride SJ, Fenton SE, Harry GJ. Gestational exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): Alterations in motor related behaviors. Neurotoxicology 2017; 58:110-119. [PMID: 27888120 PMCID: PMC5345697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances are used in commercial applications and developmental exposure has been implicated in alterations in neurobehavioral functioning. While associations between developmental perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and human outcomes have been inconsistent, studies in experimental animals suggest alterations in motor related behaviors. To examine a dose-response pattern of neurobehavioral effects following gestational exposure to PFOA, pregnant CD-1 mice received PFOA (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0mg/kg/day) via oral gavage from gestational day 1-17 and the male offspring examined. Motor activity assessments on postnatal day (PND)18, 19, and 20 indicated a shift in the developmental pattern with an elevated activity level observed in the 1.0mg/kg/day dose group on PND18. In the adult, no alterations were observed in body weights, activity levels, diurnal pattern of running wheel activity, startle response, or pre-pulse startle inhibition. In response to a subcutaneous injection of saline or nicotine (80μg/kg), all animals displayed a transient increase in activity likely associated with handling with no differences observed across dose groups. Inhibition of motor activity over 18days of 400μg/kg nicotine injection was not significantly different across dose groups. Hyperactivity induced by 2mg/kg (+)-methamphetamine hydrochloride intraperitoneal injection was significantly lower in the 1.0mg/kg/day PFOA dose group as compared to controls. Taken together, these data suggest that the effects on motor-related behaviors with gestational PFOA exposure do not mimic those reported for acute postnatal exposure. Changes were not observed at dose levels under 1.0mg/kg/day PFOA. Further examination of pathways associated with methamphetamine-induced activity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Goulding
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Intramural Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sally S White
- Reproductive Endocrinology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, USA
| | | | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Reproductive Endocrinology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory (NTPL), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, USA
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20
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Philippot G, Nyberg F, Gordh T, Fredriksson A, Viberg H. Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 307:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Buratovic S, Stenerlöw B, Fredriksson A, Sundell-Bergman S, Eriksson P. Developmental effects of fractionated low-dose exposure to gamma radiation on behaviour and susceptibility of the cholinergic system in mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:371-9. [PMID: 27043364 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1164911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether neonatal exposure to fractionated external gamma radiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine can affect/exacerbate developmental neurotoxic effects, including altered behavior/cognitive function and the susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adult male mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neonatal male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were irradiated with one 200 mGy fraction/day and/or exposed to nicotine (66 μg/kg b.w.) twice daily on postnatal day (PND) 10, 10-11, 10-12 or 10-13 (nicotine only). At 2 months of age the animals were tested for spontaneous behavior in a novel home environment, habituation capacity and nicotine-induced behavior. RESULTS Fractionated irradiation and co-exposure to radiation and nicotine on three consecutive days disrupted behavior and habituation and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system. All observed effects were significantly more pronounced in mice co-exposed to both radiation and nicotine. CONCLUSIONS The fractionated irradiation regime affects behavior/cognitive function in a similar manner as has previously been observed for single-dose exposures. Neonatal co-exposure to radiation and nicotine, during a critical period of brain development in general and cholinergic system development in particular, enhance these behavioral defects suggesting that the cholinergic system can be a target system for this type of developmental neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- a Department of Environmental Toxicology , Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- b Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology , Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- a Department of Environmental Toxicology , Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Synnöve Sundell-Bergman
- c Department of Soil and Environment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- a Department of Environmental Toxicology , Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Eriksson P, Buratovic S, Fredriksson A, Stenerlöw B, Sundell-Bergman S. Neonatal exposure to whole body ionizing radiation induces adult neurobehavioural defects: Critical period, dose--response effects and strain and sex comparison. Behav Brain Res 2016; 304:11-9. [PMID: 26876140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of the brain includes periods which can be critical for its normal maturation. The present study investigates specifically vulnerable peri-/postnatal periods in mice which are essential for understanding the etiology behind radiation induced neurotoxicity and functional defects, including evaluation of neurotoxicity between sexes or commonly used laboratory mouse strains following low/moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR). Male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, whole body irradiated to a single 500 mGy IR dose, on postnatal day (PND) 3 or PND 10 showed an altered adult spontaneous behaviour and impaired habituation capacity, whereas irradiation on PND 19 did not have any impact on the studied variables. Both NMRI and C57bl/6 male and female mice showed an altered adult spontaneous behaviour and impaired habituation following a single whole body irradiation of 500 or 1000 mGy, but not after 20 or 100 mGy, on PND 10. The present study shows that exposure to low/moderate doses of IR during critical life stages might be involved in the induction of neurological/neurodegenerative disorder/disease. A specifically vulnerable period for radiation induced neurotoxicity seems to be around PND 3-10 in mice. Further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms involved in induction of developmental neurotoxicity following low-dose irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Synnöve Sundell-Bergman
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Melroy-Greif WE, Stitzel JA, Ehringer MA. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: upregulation, age-related effects and associations with drug use. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:89-107. [PMID: 26351737 PMCID: PMC4780670 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that exogenously bind nicotine. Nicotine produces rewarding effects by interacting with these receptors in the brain's reward system. Unlike other receptors, chronic stimulation by an agonist induces an upregulation of receptor number that is not due to increased gene expression in adults; while upregulation also occurs during development and adolescence there have been some opposing findings regarding a change in corresponding gene expression. These receptors have also been well studied with regard to human genetic associations and, based on evidence suggesting shared genetic liabilities between substance use disorders, numerous studies have pointed to a role for this system in comorbid drug use. This review will focus on upregulation of these receptors in adulthood, adolescence and development, as well as the findings from human genetic association studies which point to different roles for these receptors in risk for initiation and continuation of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E. Melroy-Greif
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerry A. Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
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24
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Xiao L, Kish VL, Benders KM, Wu ZX. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Decreases BDNF/TrkB Signaling and Increases Abnormal Behaviors Later in Life. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv117. [PMID: 26503133 PMCID: PMC4886663 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure during prenatal and early postnatal periods increases the incidence of a variety of abnormal behaviors later in life. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure and evaluate the possibe effects of cigarette smoke during early life on brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the brain. METHODS Three different age of imprinting control region mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 10 consecutive days beginning on either gestational day 7 by maternal exposure, or postnatal days 2 or 21 by direct inhalation. A series of behavioral profiles and neurotrophins in brain were measured 24 hours after mice received acute restraint stress for 1 hour on postnatal day 59. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposure in gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 produced depression-like behaviors as evidenced by significantly increased immobility in both tail suspension and forced-swim test. Increased entry latencies, but not ambulation in the open field test, were also observed in the gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 cigarette smoke exposure groups. Genetic analysis showed that gestational day 7 cigarette smoke exposure significantly altered mRNA level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B in the hippocampus. However, behavioral profiles and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling were not significantly changed in PND21 cigarette smoke exposure group compared with FA group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure exists in the prenatal and early postnatal period, which results a downregulation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the hippocampus and enhances depression-like behaviors later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhong-Xin Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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25
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Mundy WR, Padilla S, Breier JM, Crofton KM, Gilbert ME, Herr DW, Jensen KF, Radio NM, Raffaele KC, Schumacher K, Shafer TJ, Cowden J. Expanding the test set: Chemicals with potential to disrupt mammalian brain development. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 52:25-35. [PMID: 26476195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput test methods including molecular, cellular, and alternative species-based assays that examine critical events of normal brain development are being developed for detection of developmental neurotoxicants. As new assays are developed, a "training set" of chemicals is used to evaluate the relevance of individual assays for specific endpoints. Different training sets are necessary for each assay that would comprise a developmental neurotoxicity test battery. In contrast, evaluation of the predictive ability of a comprehensive test battery requires a set of chemicals that have been shown to alter brain development after in vivo exposure ("test set"). Because only a small number of substances have been well documented to alter human neurodevelopment, we have proposed an expanded test set that includes chemicals demonstrated to adversely affect neurodevelopment in animals. To compile a list of potential developmental neurotoxicants, a literature review of compounds that have been examined for effects on the developing nervous system was conducted. The search was limited to mammalian studies published in the peer-reviewed literature and regulatory studies submitted to the U.S. EPA. The definition of developmental neurotoxicity encompassed changes in behavior, brain morphology, and neurochemistry after gestational or lactational exposure. Reports that indicated developmental neurotoxicity was observed only at doses that resulted in significant maternal toxicity or were lethal to the fetus or offspring were not considered. As a basic indication of reproducibility, we only included a chemical if data on its developmental neurotoxicity were available from more than one laboratory (defined as studies originating from laboratories with a different senior investigator). Evidence from human studies was included when available. Approximately 100 developmental neurotoxicity test set chemicals were identified, with 22% having evidence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Mundy
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Stephanie Padilla
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joseph M Breier
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kevin M Crofton
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mary E Gilbert
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David W Herr
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Karl F Jensen
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas M Radio
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen C Raffaele
- Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Shafer
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Cowden
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Kempf SJ, Sepe S, von Toerne C, Janik D, Neff F, Hauck SM, Atkinson MJ, Mastroberardino PG, Tapio S. Neonatal Irradiation Leads to Persistent Proteome Alterations Involved in Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Hippocampus and Cortex. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4674-86. [PMID: 26420666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological data indicate that radiation doses as low as those used in computer tomography may result in long-term neurocognitive side effects. The aim of this study was to elucidate long-term molecular alterations related to memory formation in the brain after low and moderate doses of γ radiation. Female C57BL/6J mice were irradiated on postnatal day 10 with total body doses of 0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 Gy; the control group was sham-irradiated. The proteome analysis of hippocampus, cortex, and synaptosomes isolated from these brain regions indicated changes in ephrin-related, RhoGDI, and axonal guidance signaling. Immunoblotting and miRNA-quantification demonstrated an imbalance in the synapse morphology-related Rac1-Cofilin pathway and long-term potentiation-related cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Proteome profiling also showed impaired oxidative phosphorylation, especially in the synaptic mitochondria. This was accompanied by an early (4 weeks) reduction of mitochondrial respiration capacity in the hippocampus. Although the respiratory capacity was restored by 24 weeks, the number of deregulated mitochondrial complex proteins was increased at this time. All observed changes were significant at doses of 0.5 and 2.0 Gy but not at 0.1 Gy. This study strongly suggests that ionizing radiation at the neonatal state triggers persistent proteomic alterations associated with synaptic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Sepe
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center , 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Atkinson
- Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich , 80333 Munich, Germany
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Vivekanandarajah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Postnatal nicotine effects on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the developing piglet hippocampus and brainstem. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 47:183-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah
- The BOSCH InstituteSydneyNSW2006Australia
- Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
| | - Karen A. Waters
- The BOSCH InstituteSydneyNSW2006Australia
- Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- The Children's HospitalWestmead SydneyNSW2145Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- The BOSCH InstituteSydneyNSW2006Australia
- Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia
- The Children's HospitalWestmead SydneyNSW2145Australia
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28
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Smith D, Aherrera A, Lopez A, Neptune E, Winickoff JP, Klein JD, Chen G, Lazarus P, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Adult Behavior in Male Mice Exposed to E-Cigarette Nicotine Vapors during Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137953. [PMID: 26372012 PMCID: PMC4570802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure has been associated with an increased likelihood of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to determine if exposure to E-cigarette nicotine vapors during late prenatal and early postnatal life altered behavior in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Smith
- Neurogenetics and Behavior Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angela Aherrera
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Armando Lopez
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Winickoff
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of General Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Klein
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmacology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Julius B. Richmond Center of Excellence, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Lee I, Eriksson P, Fredriksson A, Buratovic S, Viberg H. Developmental neurotoxic effects of two pesticides: Behavior and neuroprotein studies on endosulfan and cypermethrin. Toxicology 2015; 335:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kovess V, Keyes KM, Hamilton A, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Koç C, Goelitz D, Kuijpers R, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Fermanian C, Pilowsky DJ, Susser E. Maternal smoking and offspring inattention and hyperactivity: results from a cross-national European survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:919-29. [PMID: 25413602 PMCID: PMC4440844 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to tobacco smoke is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes; the association with later childhood mental health outcomes remains controversial. We used a strategy involving comparison of maternal and paternal smoking reports in a sample pooling data from six diverse European countries. Data were drawn from mother (N = 4,517) and teacher (N = 4,611) reported attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in school children aged 6-11 in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Germany, and the Netherlands, surveyed in 2010. Mothers report on self and husband's smoking patterns during the pregnancy period. Logistic regression used with control covariates including demographics, maternal distress, live births, region, and post-pregnancy smoking. In unadjusted models, maternal prenatal smoking was associated with probable ADHD based on mother [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 1.45-2.29], teacher (OR = 1.69, 95 % CI 1.33-2.14) and mother plus teacher (OR = 1.49, 95 % CI 1.03-2.17) report. Paternal prenatal smoking was similarly associated with probable ADHD in unadjusted models. When controlled for relevant confounders, maternal prenatal smoking remained a risk factor for offspring probable ADHD based on mother report (OR = 1.44, 95 % CI 1.06-1.96), whereas the effect of paternal prenatal smoking diminished (e.g., mother report: OR = 1.17, 95 % CI 0.92-1.49). Drawing on data from a diverse set of countries across Europe, we document that the association between maternal smoking and offspring ADHD is stronger than that of paternal smoking during the pregnancy period and offspring ADHD. To the extent that confounding is shared between parents, these results reflect a potential intrauterine influence of smoking on ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Kovess
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, EA 4069, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, #503, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ava Hamilton
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Ondine Pez
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, EA 4069, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Center for Applied Sciences of Health, Leuphana University of Luneburg, Luneburg, Germany
| | - Rowella Kuijpers
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vilnius, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Fermanian
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, EA 4069, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Daniel J. Pilowsky
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Ezra Susser
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA. New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA. Department of Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Kempf SJ, Moertl S, Sepe S, von Toerne C, Hauck SM, Atkinson MJ, Mastroberardino PG, Tapio S. Low-dose ionizing radiation rapidly affects mitochondrial and synaptic signaling pathways in murine hippocampus and cortex. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2055-64. [PMID: 25807253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of radiation-based medical imaging methods such as computer tomography is a matter of concern due to potential radiation-induced adverse effects. Efficient protection against such detrimental effects has not been possible due to inadequate understanding of radiation-induced alterations in signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind learning and memory deficits after acute low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation. Female C57BL/6J mice were irradiated on postnatal day 10 (PND10) with gamma doses of 0.1 or 0.5 Gy. This was followed by evaluation of the cellular proteome, pathway-focused transcriptome, and neurological development/disease-focused miRNAome of hippocampus and cortex 24 h postirradiation. Our analysis showed that signaling pathways related to mitochondrial and synaptic functions were changed by acute irradiation. This may lead to reduced mitochondrial function paralleled by enhanced number of dendritic spines and neurite outgrowth due to elevated long-term potentiation, triggered by increased phosphorylated CREB. This was predominately observed in the cortex at 0.1 and 0.5 Gy and in the hippocampus only at 0.5 Gy. Moreover, a radiation-induced increase in the expression of several neural miRNAs associated with synaptic plasticity was found. The early changes in signaling pathways related to memory formation may be associated with the acute neurocognitive side effects in patients after brain radiotherapy but might also contribute to late radiation-induced cognitive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Kempf
- †Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- †Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sara Sepe
- ‡Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine von Toerne
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- §Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- †Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,∥Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- ‡Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soile Tapio
- †Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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32
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Becchetti A, Aracri P, Meneghini S, Brusco S, Amadeo A. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Front Physiol 2015; 6:22. [PMID: 25717303 PMCID: PMC4324070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a focal epilepsy with attacks typically arising in the frontal lobe during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. It is characterized by clusters of complex and stereotyped hypermotor seizures, frequently accompanied by sudden arousals. Cognitive and psychiatric symptoms may be also observed. Approximately 12% of the ADNFLE families carry mutations on genes coding for subunits of the heteromeric neuronal nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). This is consistent with the widespread expression of these receptors, particularly the α4β2* subtype, in the neocortex and thalamus. However, understanding how mutant nAChRs lead to partial frontal epilepsy is far from being straightforward because of the complexity of the cholinergic regulation in both developing and mature brains. The relation with the sleep-waking cycle must be also explained. We discuss some possible pathogenetic mechanisms in the light of recent advances about the nAChR role in prefrontal regions as well as the studies carried out in murine models of ADNFLE. Functional evidence points to alterations in prefrontal GABA release, and the synaptic unbalance probably arises during the cortical circuit maturation. Although most of the available functional evidence concerns mutations on nAChR subunit genes, other genes have been recently implicated in the disease, such as KCNT1 (coding for a Na+-dependent K+ channel), DEPD5 (Disheveled, Egl-10 and Pleckstrin Domain-containing protein 5), and CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone). Overall, the uncertainties about both the etiology and the pathogenesis of ADNFLE point to the current gaps in our knowledge the regulation of neuronal networks in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMi-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Aracri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMi-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Meneghini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMi-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Brusco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences and NeuroMi-Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Milano, Italy
| | - Alida Amadeo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano Milano, Italy
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Han JY, Kwon HJ, Ha M, Paik KC, Lim MH, Gyu Lee S, Yoo SJ, Kim EJ. The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke on risk for ADHD: a large population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 225:164-168. [PMID: 25481018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the 30,552 parents who responded to a survey, the answers of 19,940 who replied to questions on prenatal exposure to ETS, alcohol consumption, and completed the DuPaul Rating Scale were analyzed. Results revealed that risk of ADHD significantly increased as a result of exposure to alcohol by 1.55 times (95% CI 1.33-1.82), maternal smoking during pregnancy by 2.64 times (95% CI 1.45-4.80), and paternal smoking during pregnancy by 1.17 times (95% CI 1.98-1.39). When the subjects whose mothers did not smoke during pregnancy were divided into 4 groups, the prevalence was 1.16 times higher (95% CI 1.02-1.33) in the group exposed to ETS but not alcohol, 1.19 times higher (95% CI 0.91-1.57) in the group exposed to alcohol but not ETS, and 1.58 times higher (95% CI 1.31-1.91) in the group exposed to ETS and alcohol. The differences between the groups were statistically significantly (P<0.0001). This result shows that simultaneous exposure to ETS and alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Youn Han
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Baekseok Culture University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea; The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea.
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea; The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chung Paik
- The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ho Lim
- The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Yoo
- The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- The Environmental Health Center (Neurodevelopment), Dankook University Medical Center, Cheonan, South Korea
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Nakauchi S, Malvaez M, Su H, Kleeman E, Dang R, Wood MA, Sumikawa K. Early postnatal nicotine exposure causes hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in adolescent mice: Association with altered nicotinic cholinergic modulation of LTP, but not impaired LTP. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2014; 118:178-88. [PMID: 25545599 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fetal nicotine exposure from smoking during pregnancy causes long-lasting cognitive impairments in offspring, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this effect. Here we demonstrate that early postnatal exposure of mouse pups to nicotine via maternal milk impairs long-term, but not short-term, hippocampus-dependent memory during adolescence. At the Schaffer collateral (SC) pathway, the most widely studied synapses for a cellular correlate of hippocampus-dependent memory, the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent transient long-term potentiation (LTP) and protein synthesis-dependent long-lasting LTP are not diminished by nicotine exposure, but rather unexpectedly the threshold for LTP induction becomes lower after nicotine treatment. Using voltage sensitive dye to visualize hippocampal activity, we found that early postnatal nicotine exposure also results in enhanced CA1 depolarization and hyperpolarization after SC stimulation. Furthermore, we show that postnatal nicotine exposure induces pervasive changes to the nicotinic modulation of CA1 activity: activation of nicotinic receptors no longer increases CA1 network depolarization, acute nicotine inhibits rather than facilitates the induction of LTP at the SC pathway by recruiting an additional nicotinic receptor subtype, and acute nicotine no longer blocks LTP induction at the temporoammonic pathway. These findings reflect the pervasive impact of nicotine exposure during hippocampal development, and demonstrate an association of hippocampal memory impairments with altered nicotinic cholinergic modulation of LTP, but not impaired LTP. The implication of our results is that nicotinic cholinergic-dependent plasticity is required for long-term memory formation and that postnatal nicotine exposure disrupts this form of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Nakauchi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Melissa Malvaez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Hailing Su
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Elise Kleeman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Richard Dang
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
| | - Katumi Sumikawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA.
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35
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Kempf SJ, Casciati A, Buratovic S, Janik D, von Toerne C, Ueffing M, Neff F, Moertl S, Stenerlöw B, Saran A, Atkinson MJ, Eriksson P, Pazzaglia S, Tapio S. The cognitive defects of neonatally irradiated mice are accompanied by changed synaptic plasticity, adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:57. [PMID: 25515237 PMCID: PMC4280038 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose of the study Epidemiological evidence suggests that low doses of ionising radiation (≤1.0 Gy) produce persistent alterations in cognition if the exposure occurs at a young age. The mechanisms underlying such alterations are unknown. We investigated the long-term effects of low doses of total body gamma radiation on neonatally exposed NMRI mice on the molecular and cellular level to elucidate neurodegeneration. Results Significant alterations in spontaneous behaviour were observed at 2 and 4 months following a single 0.5 or 1.0 Gy exposure. Alterations in the brain proteome, transcriptome, and several miRNAs were analysed 6–7 months post-irradiation in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus (DG) and cortex. Signalling pathways related to synaptic actin remodelling such as the Rac1-Cofilin pathway were altered in the cortex and hippocampus. Further, synaptic proteins MAP-2 and PSD-95 were increased in the DG and hippocampus (1.0 Gy). The expression of synaptic plasticity genes Arc, c-Fos and CREB was persistently reduced at 1.0 Gy in the hippocampus and cortex. These changes were coupled to epigenetic modulation via increased levels of microRNAs (miR-132/miR-212, miR-134). Astrogliosis, activation of insulin-growth factor/insulin signalling and increased level of microglial cytokine TNFα indicated radiation-induced neuroinflammation. In addition, adult neurogenesis within the DG was persistently negatively affected after irradiation, particularly at 1.0 Gy. Conclusion These data suggest that neurocognitive disorders may be induced in adults when exposed at a young age to low and moderate cranial doses of radiation. This raises concerns about radiation safety standards and regulatory practices. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-57) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Kempf SJ, Buratovic S, von Toerne C, Moertl S, Stenerlöw B, Hauck SM, Atkinson MJ, Eriksson P, Tapio S. Ionising radiation immediately impairs synaptic plasticity-associated cytoskeletal signalling pathways in HT22 cells and in mouse brain: an in vitro/in vivo comparison study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110464. [PMID: 25329592 PMCID: PMC4203799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from brain malignancies are treated with high-dose ionising radiation. However, this may lead to severe learning and memory impairment. Preventive treatments to minimise these side effects have not been possible due to the lack of knowledge of the involved signalling pathways and molecular targets. Mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells were irradiated with acute gamma doses of 0.5 Gy, 1.0 Gy and 4.0 Gy. Changes in the cellular proteome were investigated by isotope-coded protein label technology and tandem mass spectrometry after 4 and 24 hours. To compare the findings with the in vivo response, male NMRI mice were irradiated on postnatal day 10 with a gamma dose of 1.0 Gy, followed by evaluation of the cellular proteome of hippocampus and cortex 24 hours post-irradiation. Analysis of the in vitro proteome showed that signalling pathways related to synaptic actin-remodelling were significantly affected at 1.0 Gy and 4.0 Gy but not at 0.5 Gy after 4 and 24 hours. We observed radiation-induced reduction of the miR-132 and Rac1 levels; miR-132 is known to regulate Rac1 activity by blocking the GTPase-activating protein p250GAP. In the irradiated hippocampus and cortex we observed alterations in the signalling pathways similar to those in vitro. The decreased expression of miR-132 and Rac1 was associated with an increase in hippocampal cofilin and phospho-cofilin. The Rac1-Cofilin pathway is involved in the modulation of synaptic actin filament formation that is necessary for correct spine and synapse morphology to enable processes of learning and memory. We suggest that acute radiation exposure leads to rapid dendritic spine and synapse morphology alterations via aberrant cytoskeletal signalling and processing and that this is associated with the immediate neurocognitive side effects observed in patients treated with ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Kempf
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Division of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Buratovic S, Stenerlöw B, Fredriksson A, Sundell-Bergman S, Viberg H, Eriksson P. Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:48-55. [PMID: 25265567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Medical use of ionizing radiation (IR) has great benefits for treatment and diagnostic imaging, but procedures as computerized tomography (CT) may deliver a significant radiation dose to the patient. Recently, awareness has been raised about possible non-cancer consequences from low dose exposure to IR during critical phases of perinatal and/or neonatal brain development. In the present study neonatal NMRI mice were whole body irradiated with a single dose of gamma radiation (0; 350 and 500 mGy) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). At 2 and 4 months of age, mice of both sexes were observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment. The neuroproteins CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and total tau in male mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analysed 24h post-irradiation and in adults at 6 months of age exposed to 0 or 500 mGy on PND 10. A significantly dose-response related deranged spontaneous behaviour in 2- and 4-month-old mice was observed, where both males and females displayed a modified habituation, indicating reduced cognitive function. The dose of 350 mGy seems to be a tentative threshold. Six-month-old male mice showed a significantly increased level of total tau in cerebral cortex after irradiation to 500 mGy compared to controls. This demonstrates that a single moderate dose of IR, given during a defined critical period of brain development, is sufficient to cause persistently reduced cognitive function. Moreover, an elevation of tau protein was observed in male mice displaying reduced cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Synnöve Sundell-Bergman
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Buratovic S, Viberg H, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenyl ether PBDE 209: Neurobehavioural and neuroprotein analysis in adult male and female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:570-85. [PMID: 25194327 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in polymer products, are reported to cause developmental neurotoxic effects in mammals. The present study have investigated neurotoxic effects arising from neonatal exposure to PBDE 209, including alterations in sex differences, spontaneous behaviour, learning and memory, neuroproteins and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adults. Three-day-old NMRI mice, of both sexes, were exposed to PBDE 209 (2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE at 0, 1.4, 6.0 and 14.0μmol/kg b.w.). At adult age (2-7 months) a similar developmental neurotoxic effects in both male and female mice were seen, including lack of or reduced habituation to a novel home environment, learning and memory defects, modified response to the cholinergic agent's paraoxon (males) and nicotine (females) indicating increased susceptibility of the cholinergic system. The behavioural defects were dose-response related and persistent. In mice of both sexes and showing behavioural defects, neuroprotein tau was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between prenatal tobacco exposure and hyperactivity remains controversial. To mitigate limitations of prior studies, we used a strategy involving comparison of maternal and paternal smoking reports in a historical sample where smoking during pregnancy was common. METHOD Data were drawn from a longitudinally followed subsample of the Child Health and Development Study (n = 1752), a population-based pregnancy cohort ascertained in 1961-1963 in California. Maternal prenatal smoking was common (33.4%). Maternal and paternal smoking patterns were assessed at three time points by mother report. Hyperactivity was assessed at the mean of age of 10 years based on mother report to a personality inventory. RESULTS Unadjusted, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with offspring hyperactivity [β = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.33] and, to a similar degree, when the father smoked (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.30). After adjustment, maternal smoking remained robustly predictive of offspring hyperactivity (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.40) but father smoking was not (β = 0.02, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.24). When examined among the pairs matched on propensity score, mother smoking was robustly related to offspring hyperactivity whether the father smoked (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.03-0.49) or did not smoke (β = 0.30, 95% CI 0.04-0.57). By number of cigarettes, associations with hyperactivity were present for 10-19 and 20+ cigarettes per day among mothers. CONCLUSIONS In a pregnancy cohort recruited in a time period in which smoking during pregnancy was common, we document associations between prenatal smoking exposure and offspring hyperactivity. Novel approaches to inferring causality continue to be necessary in describing the potential adverse consequences of prenatal smoking exposure later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - G. Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - E. Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Bailey J, Oliveri A, Levin ED. Zebrafish model systems for developmental neurobehavioral toxicology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:14-23. [PMID: 23723169 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish offer many advantages that complement classic mammalian models for the study of normal development as well as for the teratogenic effects of exposure to hazardous compounds. The clear chorion and embryo of the zebrafish allow for continuous visualization of the anatomical changes associated with development, which, along with short maturation times and the capability of complex behavior, makes this model particularly useful for measuring changes to the developing nervous system. Moreover, the rich array of developmental, behavioral, and molecular benefits offered by the zebrafish have contributed to an increasing demand for the use of zebrafish in behavioral teratology. Essential for this endeavor has been the development of a battery of tests to evaluate a spectrum of behavior in zebrafish. Measures of sensorimotor plasticity, emotional function, cognition and social interaction have been used to characterize the persisting adverse effects of developmental exposure to a variety of chemicals including therapeutic drugs, drugs of abuse and environmental toxicants. In this review, we present and discuss such tests and data from a range of developmental neurobehavioral toxicology studies using zebrafish as a model. Zebrafish provide a key intermediate model between high throughput in vitro screens and the classic mammalian models as they have the accessibility of in vitro models and the complex functional capabilities of mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Viberg H, Eriksson P, Gordh T, Fredriksson A. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Administration During Neonatal Brain Development Affects Cognitive Function and Alters Its Analgesic and Anxiolytic Response in Adult Male Mice. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Marrs TC, Maynard RL. Neurotranmission systems as targets for toxicants: a review. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:381-96. [PMID: 24036955 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit impulses from one nerve to another or from nerves to effector organs. Numerous neurotransmitters have been described in mammals, amongst them acetylcholine, amino acids, amines, peptides and gases. Toxicants may interact with various parts of neurotransmission systems, including synthetic and degradative enzymes, presynaptic vesicles and the specialized receptors that characterize neurotransmission systems. Important toxicants acting on the cholinergic system include the anticholinesterases (organophosphates and carbamates) and substances that act on receptors such as nicotine and the neonicotinoid insecticides, including imidacloprid. An important substance acting on the glutamatergic system is domoic acid, responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning. 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are inhibitory neurotransmitters and their antagonists, fipronil (an insecticide) and strychnine respectively, are excitatory. Abnormalities of dopamine neurotransmission occur in Parkinson's disease, and a number of substances that interfere with this system produce Parkinsonian symptoms and clinical signs, including notably 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, which is the precursor of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. Fewer substances are known that interfere with adrenergic, histaminergic or seroninergic neurotransmission, but there are some examples. Among peptide neurotransmission systems, agonists of opioids are the only well-known toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Marrs
- Edentox Associates, Pinehurst, Four Elms Road Edenbridge, Kent, TN8 6AQ, UK,
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Lee I, Viberg H. A single neonatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) affects the levels of important neuroproteins in the developing mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 2013; 37:190-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Viberg H, Lee I, Eriksson P. Adult dose-dependent behavioral and cognitive disturbances after a single neonatal PFHxS dose. Toxicology 2013; 304:185-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Becchetti A. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in sleep-related epilepsy: studies in integrative biology. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:262941. [PMID: 25969754 PMCID: PMC4392997 DOI: 10.5402/2012/262941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although Mendelian diseases are rare, when considered one by one, overall they constitute a significant social burden. Besides the medical aspects, they propose us one of the most general biological problems. Given the simplest physiological perturbation of an organism, that is, a single gene mutation, how do its effects percolate through the hierarchical biological levels to determine the pathogenesis? And how robust is the physiological system to this perturbation? To solve these problems, the study of genetic epilepsies caused by mutant ion channels presents special advantages, as it can exploit the full range of modern experimental methods. These allow to extend the functional analysis from single channels to whole brains. An instructive example is autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE), which can be caused by mutations in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In vitro, such mutations often produce hyperfunctional receptors, at least in heterozygous condition. However, understanding how this leads to sleep-related frontal epilepsy is all but straightforward. Several available animal models are helping us to determine the effects of ADNFLE mutations on the mammalian brain. Because of the complexity of the cholinergic regulation in both developing and mature brains, several pathogenic mechanisms are possible, which also present different therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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46
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A single exposure to bisphenol A alters the levels of important neuroproteins in adult male and female mice. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:1390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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PONTÉN E, VIBERG H, GORDH T, ERIKSSON P, FREDRIKSSON A. Clonidine abolishes the adverse effects on apoptosis and behaviour after neonatal ketamine exposure in mice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56:1058-65. [PMID: 22694670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing amount of both experimental and epidemiological data indicates that neonatal anaesthesia causes disruption of normal brain development in rodents and primates, as manifested by acute increased apoptosis and long-lasting altered behaviour and learning. It is necessary to seek strategies that avoid the possible adverse effects after anaesthesia. Our purpose is to show that increased apoptosis and behavioural alterations after ketamine exposure during this period may be prevented by clonidine, a compound already used by paediatric anaesthetists for sedation. METHODS To investigate the protective properties of clonidine pre-treatment, five groups of 10-day-old mice were injected with either ketamine 50 mg/kg, clonidine 40 μg/kg, ketamine 50 mg/kg 30 min after 10 μg/kg clonidine, ketamine 50 mg/kg 30 min after 40 μg/kg clonidine or saline (control). Apoptosis was measured 24 h after treatment using Flouro-Jade staining. Spontaneous activity in a novel environment was tested at an age of 55 days. RESULTS Pre-treatment with 40 μg/kg clonidine, but not 10 μg/kg clonidine, 30 min before ketamine exposure abolished ketamine-induced apoptosis and the behavioural changes observed in the young adult mice. The mice exposed to clonidine alone showed no differences from the saline-treated (control) mice. CONCLUSION The administration of clonidine eliminated the adverse effects of ketamine in this mouse model, suggesting a possible strategy for protection. Alone, clonidine did not cause any adverse effects in these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. PONTÉN
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - H. VIBERG
- Department of Environmental Toxicology; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - T. GORDH
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - P. ERIKSSON
- Department of Environmental Toxicology; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
| | - A. FREDRIKSSON
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry; Uppsala University; Uppsala; Sweden
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Karlsson O, Berg AL, Lindström AK, Hanrieder J, Arnerup G, Roman E, Bergquist J, Lindquist NG, Brittebo EB, Andersson M. Neonatal exposure to the cyanobacterial toxin BMAA induces changes in protein expression and neurodegeneration in adult hippocampus. Toxicol Sci 2012; 130:391-404. [PMID: 22872059 PMCID: PMC3498744 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been proposed to contribute to neurodegenerative disease. We have previously reported a selective uptake of BMAA in the mouse neonatal hippocampus and that exposure during the neonatal period causes learning and memory impairments in adult rats. The aim of this study was to characterize effects in the brain of 6-month-old rats treated neonatally (postnatal days 9–10) with the glutamatergic BMAA. Protein changes were examined using the novel technique Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) for direct imaging of proteins in brain cryosections, and histological changes were examined using immunohistochemistry and histopathology. The results showed long-term changes including a decreased expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism and intracellular signaling in the adult hippocampus at a dose (150mg/kg) that gave no histopathological lesions in this brain region. Developmental exposure to a higher dose (460mg/kg) also induced changes in the expression of S100β, histones, calcium- and calmodulin-binding proteins, and guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. At this dose, severe lesions in the adult hippocampus including neuronal degeneration, cell loss, calcium deposits, and astrogliosis were evident. The data demonstrate subtle, sometimes dose-dependent, but permanent effects of a lower neonatal dose of BMAA in the adult hippocampus suggesting that BMAA could potentially disturb many processes during the development. The detection of BMAA in seafood stresses the importance of evaluating the magnitude of human exposure to this neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abbott LC, Winzer-Serhan UH. Smoking during pregnancy: lessons learned from epidemiological studies and experimental studies using animal models. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:279-303. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.658506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Dose-dependent behavioral disturbances after a single neonatal Bisphenol A dose. Toxicology 2011; 290:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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