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Tangbjerg M, Damgaard A, Karlsen A, Svensson RB, Schjerling P, Gelabert-Rebato M, Pankratova S, Sangild PT, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Insulin-like growth factor-1 infusion in preterm piglets does not affect growth parameters of skeletal muscle or tendon tissue. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38980930 DOI: 10.1113/ep092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Prematurity has physical consequences, such as lower birth weight, decreased muscle mass and increased risk of adult-onset metabolic disease. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has therapeutic potential to improve the growth and quality of muscle and tendon in premature births, and thus attenuate some of these sequalae. We investigated the effect of IGF-1 on extensor carpi radialis muscle and biceps brachii tendon of preterm piglets. The preterm group consisted of 19-day-old preterm (10 days early) piglets, treated with either IGF-1 or vehicle. Term controls consisted of groups of 9-day-old piglets (D9) and 19-day-old piglets (D19). Muscle samples were analysed by immunofluorescence to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibres, fibre type composition, satellite cell content and central nuclei-containing fibres in the muscle. Tendon samples were analysed for CSA, collagen content and maturation, and vascularization. Gene expression of the tendon was measured by RT-qPCR. Across all endpoints, we found no significant effect of IGF-1 treatment on preterm piglets. Preterm piglets had smaller muscle fibre CSA compared to D9 and D19 control group. Satellite cell content was similar across all groups. For tendon, we found an effect of age on tendon CSA, and mRNA levels of COL1A1, tenomodulin and scleraxis. Immunoreactivity for elastin and CD31, and several markers of tendon maturation, were increased in D9 compared to the preterm piglets. Collagen content was similar across groups. IGF-1 treatment of preterm-born piglets does not influence the growth and maturation of skeletal muscle and tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Tangbjerg
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ann Damgaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Karlsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Ellis MW, Riaz M, Huang Y, Anderson CW, Hoareau M, Li X, Luo H, Lee S, Park J, Luo J, Batty LD, Huang Q, Lopez CA, Reinhardt DP, Tellides G, Qyang Y. De Novo Elastin Assembly Alleviates Development of Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1674-1682. [PMID: 38752350 PMCID: PMC11209776 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of incurable cardiovascular disorders arise due to improper formation of elastin during development. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), resulting from a haploinsufficiency of ELN, is caused by improper stress sensing by medial vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to progressive luminal occlusion and heart failure. SVAS remains incurable, as current therapies do not address the root issue of defective elastin. METHODS We use SVAS here as a model of vascular proliferative disease using both human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and developmental Eln+/- mouse models to establish de novo elastin assembly as a new therapeutic intervention. RESULTS We demonstrate mitigation of vascular proliferative abnormalities following de novo extracellular elastin assembly through the addition of the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate to SVAS human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and in utero to Eln+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate de novo elastin deposition normalizes SVAS human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cell hyperproliferation and rescues hypertension and aortic mechanics in Eln+/- mice, providing critical preclinical findings for the future application of epigallocatechin gallate treatment in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Elastin/metabolism
- Animals
- Humans
- Catechin/analogs & derivatives
- Catechin/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular/metabolism
- Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mice
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Female
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Christopher W. Anderson
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marie Hoareau
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hangqi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Luke D. Batty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Qunhua Huang
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Colleen A. Lopez
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Dieter P. Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Vascular Biology & Therapeutics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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3
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Bjorgvinsdottir O, Ferguson SJ, Snorradottir BS, Gudjonsson T, Wuertz-Kozak K. The influence of physical and spatial substrate characteristics on endothelial cells. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101060. [PMID: 38711934 PMCID: PMC11070711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a main cause of death worldwide, leading to a growing demand for medical devices to treat this patient group. Central to the engineering of such devices is a good understanding of the biology and physics of cell-surface interactions. In existing blood-contacting devices, such as vascular grafts, the interaction between blood, cells, and material is one of the main limiting factors for their long-term durability. An improved understanding of the material's chemical- and physical properties as well as its structure all play a role in how endothelial cells interact with the material surface. This review provides an overview of how different surface structures influence endothelial cell responses and what is currently known about the underlying mechanisms that guide this behavior. The structures reviewed include decellularized matrices, electrospun fibers, pillars, pits, and grated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddny Bjorgvinsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen J. Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37 / 39, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), 160 Lomb Memorial Drive Bldg. 73, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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4
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Ren P, Jiang B, Hassab A, Li G, Li W, Assi R, Tellides G. Heterogeneous Cardiac- and Neural Crest-Derived Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells have Similar Transcriptional Changes after TGFβ Signaling Disruption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.28.591539. [PMID: 38746256 PMCID: PMC11092432 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.591539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of cardiac and neural crest origin contribute to the developing proximal aorta and are linked to disease propensity in adults. We analyzed single-cell transcriptomes of SMCs from mature thoracic aortas in mice to determine basal states and changes after disrupting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling necessary for aortic homeostasis. A minority of Myh11 lineage-marked SMCs differentially expressed genes suggestive of embryological origin. Additional analyses in Nkx2-5 and Wnt1 lineage-marked SMCs derived from cardiac and neural crest progenitors, respectively, showed both lineages contributed to a major common cluster and each lineage to a minor distinct cluster. Common cluster SMCs extended from root to arch, cardiac subset cluster SMCs from root to mid-ascending, while neural crest subset cluster SMCs were restricted to the arch. The neural crest subset cluster had greater expression of a subgroup of TGFβ-dependent genes suggesting specific responsiveness or skewed extracellular matrix synthesis. Nonetheless, deletion of TGFβ receptors in SMCs resulted in similar transcriptional changes among all clusters, primarily decreased extracellular matrix molecules and modulators of TGFβ signaling. Many embryological markers of murine aortic SMCs were not confirmed in adult human aortas. We conclude: (i) there are multiple subtypes of cardiac- and neural crest-derived SMCs with shared or distinctive transcriptional profiles, (ii) neural crest subset SMCs with increased expression of certain TGFβ-inducible genes are not spatially linked to the aortic root predisposed to aneurysms from aberrant TGFβ signaling, and (iii) loss of TGFβ responses after receptor deletion is uniform among SMCs of different embryological origins.
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5
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Rego BV, Murtada SI, Li G, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Multiscale insights into postnatal aortic development. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:687-701. [PMID: 38151614 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite its vital importance for establishing proper cardiovascular function, the process through which the vasculature develops and matures postnatally remains poorly understood. From a clinical perspective, an ability to mechanistically model the developmental time course in arteries and veins, as well as to predict how various pathologies and therapeutic interventions alter the affected vessels, promises to improve treatment strategies and long-term clinical outcomes, particularly in pediatric patients suffering from congenital heart defects. In the present study, we conducted a multiscale investigation into the postnatal development of the murine thoracic aorta, examining key allometric relations as well as relationships between in vivo mechanical stresses, collagen and elastin expression, and the gradual accumulation of load-bearing constituents within the aortic wall. Our findings suggest that the production of fibrillar collagens in the developing aorta associates strongly with the ratio of circumferential stresses between systole and diastole, hence emphasizing the importance of a pulsatile mechanobiological stimulus. Moreover, rates of collagen turnover and elastic fiber compaction can be inferred directly by synthesizing transcriptional data and quantitative histological measurements of evolving collagen and elastin content. Consistent with previous studies, we also observed that wall shear stresses acting on the aorta are similar at birth and in maturity, supporting the hypothesis that at least some stress targets are established early in development and maintained thereafter, thus providing a possible homeostatic basis to guide future experiments and inform future predictive modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno V Rego
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Bodmer NK, Knutsen RH, Roth RA, Castile RM, Brodt MD, Gierasch CM, Broekelmann TJ, Gibson MA, Haspel JA, Lake SP, Brody SL, Silva MJ, Mecham RP, Ornitz DM. Multi-organ phenotypes in mice lacking latent TGFβ binding protein 2 (LTBP2). Dev Dyn 2024; 253:233-254. [PMID: 37688792 PMCID: PMC10842386 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latent TGFβ binding protein-2 (LTBP2) is a fibrillin 1 binding component of the microfibril. LTBP2 is the only LTBP protein that does not bind any isoforms of TGFβ, although it may interfere with the function of other LTBPs or interact with other signaling pathways. RESULTS Here, we investigate mice lacking Ltbp2 (Ltbp2-/- ) and identify multiple phenotypes that impact bodyweight and fat mass, and affect bone and skin development. The alterations in skin and bone development are particularly noteworthy since the strength of these tissues is differentially affected by loss of Ltbp2. Interestingly, some tissues that express high levels of Ltbp2, such as the aorta and lung, do not have a developmental or homeostatic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of these mice show that LTBP2 has complex effects on development through direct effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on signaling pathways that are known to regulate the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K. Bodmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Robyn A. Roth
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ryan M. Castile
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University School of Engineering
| | - Michael D. Brodt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carrie M. Gierasch
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mark A. Gibson
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A. Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Spencer P. Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University School of Engineering
| | - Steven L. Brody
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Matthew J. Silva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - David M. Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine
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7
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Weiss D, Rego BV, Cavinato C, Li DS, Kawamura Y, Emuna N, Humphrey JD. Effects of Age, Sex, and Extracellular Matrix Integrity on Aortic Dilatation and Rupture in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e358-e372. [PMID: 37470181 PMCID: PMC10528515 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transmural failure of the aorta is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality; it occurs when mechanical stress exceeds strength. The aortic root and ascending aorta are susceptible to dissection and rupture in Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disorder characterized by a progressive reduction in elastic fiber integrity. Whereas competent elastic fibers endow the aorta with compliance and resilience, cross-linked collagen fibers confer stiffness and strength. We hypothesized that postnatal reductions in matrix cross-linking increase aortopathy when turnover rates are high. METHODS We combined ex vivo biaxial mechanical testing with multimodality histological examinations to quantify expected age- and sex-dependent structural vulnerability of the ascending aorta in Fbn1C1041G/+ Marfan versus wild-type mice without and with 4-week exposures to β-aminopropionitrile, an inhibitor of lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking of newly synthesized elastic and collagen fibers. RESULTS We found a strong β-aminopropionitrile-associated sexual dimorphism in aortic dilatation in Marfan mice and aortic rupture in wild-type mice, with dilatation correlating with compromised elastic fiber integrity and rupture correlating with compromised collagen fibril organization. A lower incidence of rupture of β-aminopropionitrile-exposed Marfan aortas associated with increased lysyl oxidase, suggesting a compensatory remodeling of collagen that slows disease progression in the otherwise compromised Fbn1C1041G/+ aorta. CONCLUSIONS Collagen fiber structure and function in the Marfan aorta are augmented, in part, by increased lysyl oxidase in female and especially male mice, which improves structural integrity, particularly via fibrils in the adventitia. Preserving or promoting collagen cross-linking may represent a therapeutic target for an otherwise vulnerable aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - Bruno V Rego
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - Nir Emuna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.W., B.V.R., C.C., D.S.L., Y.K., N.E., J.D.H.)
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.)
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8
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Nourian Z, Hong K, Li M, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Martinez-Lemus LA, Clifford PS, Meininger GA, Hill MA. Postnatal development of extracellular matrix and vascular function in small arteries of the rat. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1210128. [PMID: 37649891 PMCID: PMC10464837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is dominated by elastic fibers (elastin with fibrillin-rich microfibrils) and collagens. Current understanding of ECM protein development largely comes from studies of conduit vessels (e.g., aorta) while resistance vessel data are sparse. With an emphasis on elastin, we examined whether changes in postnatal expression of arteriolar wall ECM would correlate with development of local vasoregulatory mechanisms such as the myogenic response and endothelium-dependent dilation. Methods: Rat cerebral and mesenteric arteries were isolated at ages 3, 7, 11, 14, 19 days, 2 months, and 2 years. Using qPCR mRNA expression patterns were examined for elastin, collagen types I, II, III, IV, fibrillin-1, and -2, lysyl oxidase (LOX), and transglutaminase 2. Results: Elastin, LOX and fibrillar collagens I and III mRNA peaked at day 11-14 in both vasculatures before declining at later time-points. 3D confocal imaging for elastin showed continuous remodeling in the adventitia and the internal elastic lamina for both cerebral and mesenteric vessels. Myogenic responsiveness in cannulated cerebral arteries was detectable at day 3 with constriction shifted to higher intraluminal pressures by day 19. Myogenic responsiveness of mesenteric vessels appeared fully developed by day 3. Functional studies were performed to investigate developmental changes in endothelial-dependent dilation. Endothelial-dependent dilation to acetylcholine was less at day 3 compared to day 19 and at day 3 lacked an endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor component that was evident at day 19. Conclusion: Collectively, in the rat small artery structural remodeling and aspects of functional control continue to develop in the immediate postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nourian
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jorge A. Castorena-Gonzalez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Philip S. Clifford
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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9
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Cavinato C, Wang M, Ramachandra AB, Spronck B, Li DS, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Biomechanical and transcriptional evidence that smooth muscle cell death drives an osteochondrogenic phenotype and severe proximal vascular disease in progeria. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1333-1347. [PMID: 37149823 PMCID: PMC10544720 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome results in rapid aging and severe cardiovascular sequelae that accelerate near end-of-life. We found a progressive disease process in proximal elastic arteries that was less evident in distal muscular arteries. Changes in aortic structure and function were then associated with changes in transcriptomics assessed via both bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, which suggested a novel sequence of progressive aortic disease: adverse extracellular matrix remodeling followed by mechanical stress-induced smooth muscle cell death, leading a subset of remnant smooth muscle cells to an osteochondrogenic phenotype that results in an accumulation of proteoglycans that thickens the aortic wall and increases pulse wave velocity, with late calcification exacerbating these effects. Increased central artery pulse wave velocity is known to drive left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, the primary diagnosis in progeria children. It appears that mechanical stresses above ~ 80 kPa initiate this progressive aortic disease process, explaining why elastic lamellar structures that are organized early in development under low wall stresses appear to be nearly normal whereas other medial constituents worsen progressively in adulthood. Mitigating early mechanical stress-driven smooth muscle cell loss/phenotypic modulation promises to have important cardiovascular implications in progeria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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11
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Dixon AJ, Osei-Owusu P. Elastin haploinsufficiency accelerates age-related structural and functional changes in the renal microvasculature and impairment of renal hemodynamics in female mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1141094. [PMID: 37179824 PMCID: PMC10167050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1141094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in functional elastin is associated with increased arterial stiffness, a known risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. While the contribution of elastin insufficiency to the stiffening of conduit arteries is well described, little is known about the impact on the structure and function of the resistance vasculature, which contributes to total peripheral resistance and the regulation of organ perfusion. In this study, we determined how elastin insufficiency impinges on age-related changes in the structure and biomechanical properties of the renal microvasculature, altering renal hemodynamics and the response of the renal vascular bed to changes in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) in female mice. Using Doppler ultrasonography, we found that resistive index and pulsatility index were elevated in young Eln +/- and aged mice. Histological examination showed thinner internal and external elastic laminae, accompanied by increased elastin fragmentation in the medial layer without any calcium deposits in the small intrarenal arteries of kidneys from young Eln +/- and aged mice. Pressure myography of interlobar arteries showed that vessels from young Eln +/- and aged mice had a slight decrease in distensibility during pressure loading but a substantial decline in vascular recoil efficiency upon pressure unloading. To examine whether structural changes in the renal microvasculature influenced renal hemodynamics, we clamped neurohumoral input and increased renal perfusion pressure by simultaneously occluding the superior mesenteric and celiac arteries. Increased renal perfusion pressure caused robust changes in blood pressure in all groups; however, changes in renal vascular resistance and renal blood flow (RBF) were blunted in young Eln +/- and aged mice, accompanied by decreased autoregulatory index, indicating greater impairment of renal autoregulation. Finally, increased pulse pressure in aged Eln +/- mice positively correlated with high renal blood flow. Together, our data show that the loss of elastin negatively affects the structural and functional integrity of the renal microvasculature, ultimately worsening age-related decline in kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia J Dixon
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Pukaluk A, Wolinski H, Viertler C, Regitnig P, Holzapfel GA, Sommer G. Changes in the microstructure of the human aortic adventitia under biaxial loading investigated by multi-photon microscopy. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:154-169. [PMID: 36812954 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Among the three layers of the aortic wall, the media is primarily responsible for its mechanical properties, but the adventitia prevents the aorta from overstretching and rupturing. The role of the adventitia is therefore crucial with regard to aortic wall failure, and understanding the load-induced changes in tissue microstructure is of high importance. Specifically, the focus of this study is on the changes in collagen and elastin microstructure in response to macroscopic equibiaxial loading applied to the aortic adventitia. To observe these changes, multi-photon microscopy imaging and biaxial extension tests were performed simultaneously. In particular, microscopy images were recorded at 0.02 stretch intervals. The microstructural changes of collagen fiber bundles and elastin fibers were quantified with the parameters of orientation, dispersion, diameter, and waviness. The results showed that the adventitial collagen was divided from one into two fiber families under equibiaxial loading conditions. The almost diagonal orientation of the adventitial collagen fiber bundles remained unchanged, but the dispersion was substantially reduced. No clear orientation of the adventitial elastin fibers was observed at any stretch level. The waviness of the adventitial collagen fiber bundles decreased under stretch, but the adventitial elastin fibers showed no change. These original findings highlight differences between the medial and adventitial layers and provide insight into the stretching process of the aortic wall. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To provide accurate and reliable material models, it is essential to understand the mechanical behavior of the material and its microstructure. Such understanding can be enhanced with tracking of the microstructural changes caused by mechanical loading of the tissue. This study provides therefore a unique dataset of structural parameters of the human aortic adventitia obtained under equibiaxial loading. The structural parameters describe orientation, dispersion, diameter, and waviness of collagen fiber bundles and elastin fibers. Eventually, the microstructural changes in the human aortic adventitia are compared with the microstructural changes in the human aortic media from a previous study. This comparison reveals the cutting-edge findings on the differences in the response to the loading between these two human aortic layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pukaluk
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Viertler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Regitnig
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
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13
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What did we learn from the International Databases on Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome? Hypertens Res 2023; 46:934-949. [PMID: 36737461 PMCID: PMC10073019 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To assess in individual-person meta-analyses how out-of-office blood pressure (BP) contributes to risk stratification and the management of hypertension, an international consortium set up the International Databases on Ambulatory (IDACO) and Home (IDHOCO) Blood Pressure in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcome. This review summarizes key findings of recent IDACO/IDHOCO articles. Among various BP indexes derived from office and ambulatory BP recordings, the 24-h and nighttime BP level were the best predictors of adverse health outcomes. Second, using the 10-year cardiovascular risk associated with guideline-endorsed office BP thresholds as reference, corresponding thresholds were derived for home and ambulatory BP. Stratified by the underlying cardiovascular risk, the rate of cardiovascular events in white-coat hypertensive patients and matched normotensive controls were not substantially different. The observation that masked hypertension carries a high cardiovascular risk was replicated in Nigerian Blacks, using home BP monitoring. The thresholds for 24-h mean arterial pressure, i.e., the BP component measured by oscillometric devices, delineating normotension, elevated BP and hypertension were <90, 90 to 92 and ≥92 mmHg. At young age, the absolute risk associated with out-of-office BP was low, but the relative risk was high, whereas with advancing age, the relative risk decreased and the absolute risk increased. Using pulse pressure as an exemplary case, the relative risks of death, cardiovascular endpoints and stroke decreased over 3-fold from 55 to 75 years of age, whereas in contrast absolute risk rose 3-fold. In conclusion, IDACO/IDHOCO forcefully support the notion that the pressing need to curb the hypertension pandemic cannot be met without out-of-the-office BP monitoring.
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14
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Loerakker S, Humphrey JD. Computer Model-Driven Design in Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:45-57. [PMID: 35974236 PMCID: PMC9832109 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuing advances in genomics, molecular and cellular mechanobiology and immunobiology, including transcriptomics and proteomics, and biomechanics increasingly reveal the complexity underlying native tissue and organ structure and function. Identifying methods to repair, regenerate, or replace vital tissues and organs remains one of the greatest challenges of modern biomedical engineering, one that deserves our very best effort. Notwithstanding the continuing need for improving standard methods of investigation, including cell, organoid, and tissue culture, biomaterials development and fabrication, animal models, and clinical research, it is increasingly evident that modern computational methods should play increasingly greater roles in advancing the basic science, bioengineering, and clinical application of regenerative medicine. This brief review focuses on the development and application of computational models of tissue and organ mechanobiology and mechanics for purposes of designing tissue engineered constructs and understanding their development in vitro and in situ. Although the basic approaches are general, for illustrative purposes we describe two recent examples from cardiovascular medicine-tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) and tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs)-to highlight current methods of approach as well as continuing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology & Therapeutics Program, Yale University and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Lee EH, Lee JN, Ha YS, Chung JW, Yoon BH, Jeon M, Kim HT, Oh SH, Kwon TG, Kim BS, Chun SY. Perirenal adipose tissues as a human elastin source, and optimize the extraction process. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1054-1070. [PMID: 36547265 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221146628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is very rarely repaired extracellular matrix (ECM) in physiological condition. The commercial human elastin for exogenous medical treatment is very expensive, and has a potential for disease transmission. Animal-origin elastin is relatively low price, but has concerns for xenogeneic immune responses. Considering cost and safety, we focused on the perirenal adipose tissue, donated from healthy young people via donor nephrectomy. Until now, all of the perirenal adipose tissues are discarded as a medical waste after kidney transplantation. In the present study, we applied perirenal adipose tissues as the source of human elastin, and optimized the extraction process to get high purified and quantified elastin. Through pre-processing step, the delipidated and decellularized ECM was prepared. Next, with four different elastin extraction process (acidic solvents, neutral salt, organic solvents or hot alkali method), elastin was extracted, and the concentration of amino acid between each product was compared, and bright-field/electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and cytotoxicity analysis were also performed. As controls, bovine neck ligament-derived and human skin-derived elastin were used. Among the elastin extraction methods, the hot alkali insoluble product showed (1) relatively high positive area of Verhoeff's and low Masson's trichrome stain, (2) 64.24% purity, 159.29 mg/g quantity, and ∼6.37% yield in amino acid analysis, (3) β-sheet second structure, and (4) thin fiber composed mesh-like sheet structure in SEM image. These values were higher than those of the commercial human skin elastin. When comparing hydrolyzed forms, α-elastin from hot alkali insoluble product showed enhanced cell proliferation and maintained cell properties compared to the κ-elastin. Therefore, we confirmed that the perirenal adipose tissue is an ideal source of human elastin with safety assurance, and the hot alkali process combined with pre-process seems to be the optimal method for elastin extraction with high purity and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Lee
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minji Jeon
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Heang Oh
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, 34937Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, 34986Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, 65396Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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16
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Bax M, Romanov V, Junday K, Giannoulatou E, Martinac B, Kovacic JC, Liu R, Iismaa SE, Graham RM. Arterial dissections: Common features and new perspectives. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1055862. [PMID: 36561772 PMCID: PMC9763901 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1055862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial dissections, which involve an abrupt tear in the wall of a major artery resulting in the intramural accumulation of blood, are a family of catastrophic disorders causing major, potentially fatal sequelae. Involving diverse vascular beds, including the aorta or coronary, cervical, pulmonary, and visceral arteries, each type of dissection is devastating in its own way. Traditionally they have been studied in isolation, rather than collectively, owing largely to the distinct clinical consequences of dissections in different anatomical locations - such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and renal failure. Here, we review the shared and unique features of these arteriopathies to provide a better understanding of this family of disorders. Arterial dissections occur commonly in the young to middle-aged, and often in conjunction with hypertension and/or migraine; the latter suggesting they are part of a generalized vasculopathy. Genetic studies as well as cellular and molecular investigations of arterial dissections reveal striking similarities between dissection types, particularly their pathophysiology, which includes the presence or absence of an intimal tear and vasa vasorum dysfunction as a cause of intramural hemorrhage. Pathway perturbations common to all types of dissections include disruption of TGF-β signaling, the extracellular matrix, the cytoskeleton or metabolism, as evidenced by the finding of mutations in critical genes regulating these processes, including LRP1, collagen genes, fibrillin and TGF-β receptors, or their coupled pathways. Perturbances in these connected signaling pathways contribute to phenotype switching in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells of the affected artery, in which their physiological quiescent state is lost and replaced by a proliferative activated phenotype. Of interest, dissections in various anatomical locations are associated with distinct sex and age predilections, suggesting involvement of gene and environment interactions in disease pathogenesis. Importantly, these cellular mechanisms are potentially therapeutically targetable. Consideration of arterial dissections as a collective pathology allows insight from the better characterized dissection types, such as that involving the thoracic aorta, to be leveraged to inform the less common forms of dissections, including the potential to apply known therapeutic interventions already clinically available for the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bax
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentin Romanov
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Keerat Junday
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renjing Liu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Siiri E. Iismaa
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert M. Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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17
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Lu X, Zou H, Liao X, Xiong Y, Hu X, Cao J, Pan J, Li C, Zheng Y. Construction of PCL-collagen@PCL@PCL-gelatin three-layer small diameter artificial vascular grafts by electrospinning. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36374009 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aca269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The demand for artificial vascular grafts in clinical applications is increasing, and it is urgent to design a tissue-engineered vascular graft with good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength. In this study, three-layer small diameter artificial vascular grafts were constructed by electrospinning. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen (COL) were used as the inner layer to provide good biocompatibility and cell adhesion, the middle layer was PCL to improve the mechanical properties, and gelatin (GEL) and PCL were used to construct the outer layer for further improving the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the vascular grafts in the human body environment. The electrospun artificial vascular graft had good biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Its longitudinal maximum stress reached 2.63 ± 0.12 MPa, which exceeded the maximum stress that many natural blood vessels could withstand. The fiber diameter of the vascular grafts was related to the proportion of components that made up the vascular grafts. In the inner structure of the vascular grafts, the hydrophilicity of the vascular grafts was enhanced by the addition of COL to the PCL, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) adhered more easily to the vascular grafts. In particular, the cytocompatibility and proliferation of HUVECs on the scaffold with an inner structure PCL:COL = 2:1 was superior to other ratios of vascular grafts. The vascular grafts did not cause hemolysis of red blood cells. Thus, the bionic PCL-COL@PCL@PCL-GEL composite graft is a promising material for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Lu
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Liao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaorong Li
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Department of Physics, and Key Laboratory of ATMMT Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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18
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Sawada H, Ohno-Urabe S, Ye D, Franklin MK, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Mullick AE, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Fails to Suppress β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Thoracic Aortopathy in Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1254-1261. [PMID: 36004642 PMCID: PMC9492637 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linking of lysine residues in elastic and collagen fibers is a vital process in aortic development. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) leads to thoracic aortopathies in mice. Although the renin-angiotensin system contributes to several types of thoracic aortopathies, it remains unclear whether inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system protects against aortopathy caused by the impairment of elastic fiber/collagen crosslinking. METHODS BAPN (0.5% wt/vol) was started in drinking water to induce aortopathies in male C57BL/6J mice at 4 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Five approaches were used to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to explore potential molecular mechanisms of BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies. RESULTS Losartan increased plasma renin concentrations significantly, compared with vehicle-infused mice, indicating effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. However, losartan did not suppress BAPN-induced aortic rupture and dilatation. Since losartan is a surmountable inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, irbesartan, an insurmountable inhibitor, was also tested. Although increased plasma renin concentrations indicated effective inhibition, irbesartan did not ameliorate aortic rupture and dilatation in BAPN-administered mice. Thus, BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies were refractory to angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. Next, we inhibited angiotensin II production by pharmacological or genetic depletion of AGT (angiotensinogen), the unique precursor of angiotensin II. However, neither suppressed BAPN-induced thoracic aortic rupture and dilatation. Aortic RNA sequencing revealed molecular changes during BAPN administration that were distinct from other types of aortopathies in which angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition protects against aneurysm formation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of either angiotensin II action or production of the renin-angiotensin system does not attenuate BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dien Ye
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael K. Franklin
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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19
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Pukaluk A, Wolinski H, Viertler C, Regitnig P, Holzapfel GA, Sommer G. Changes in the microstructure of the human aortic medial layer under biaxial loading investigated by multi-photon microscopy. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:396-413. [PMID: 35970481 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the correlation between tissue architecture, health status, and mechanical properties is essential for improving material models and developing tissue engineering scaffolds. Since structural-based material models are state of the art, there is an urgent need for experimentally obtained structural parameters. For this purpose, the medial layer of nine human abdominal aortas was simultaneously subjected to equibiaxial loading and multi-photon microscopy. At each loading interval of 0.02, collagen and elastin fibers were imaged based on their second-harmonic generation signal and two-photon excited autofluorescence, respectively. The structural alterations in the fibers were quantified using the parameters of orientation, diameter, and waviness. The results of the mechanical tests divided the sample cohort into the ruptured and non-ruptured, and stiff and non-stiff groups, which were covered by the findings from histological investigations. The alterations in structural parameters provided an explanation for the observed mechanical behavior. In addition, the waviness parameters of both collagen and elastin fibers showed the potential to serve as indicators of tissue strength. The data provided address deficiencies in current material models and bridge multiscale mechanisms in the aortic media. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Available material models can reproduce, but cannot predict, the mechanical behavior of human aortas. This deficiency could be overcome with the help of experimentally validated structural parameters as provided in this study. Simultaneous multi-photon microscopy and biaxial extension testing revealed the microstructure of human aortic media at different stretch levels. Changes in the arrangement of collagen and elastin fibers were quantified using structural parameters such as orientation, diameter and waviness. For the first time, structural parameters of human aortic tissue under continuous loading conditions have been obtained. In particular, the waviness parameters at the reference configuration have been associated with tissue stiffness, brittleness, and the onset of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pukaluk
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Peter Regitnig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Austria.
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20
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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21
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Fibrillin-1 Regulates Arteriole Integrity in the Retina. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101330. [PMID: 36291539 PMCID: PMC9599515 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that assembles into microfibrils that provide critical functions in large blood vessels and other tissues. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are associated with cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal abnormalities in Marfan syndrome. Fibrillin-1 is a component of the wall of large arteries but has been poorly described in other vessels. We examined the microvasculature in the retina using wild type mice and two models of Marfan syndrome, Fbn1C1041G/+ and Fbn1mgR/mgR. In the mouse retina, fibrillin-1 was detected around arterioles, in close contact with the basement membrane, where it colocalized with MAGP1. Both a mutation in fibrillin-1 or fibrillin-1 underexpression characteristically altered the microvasculature. In Fbn1C1041G/+ and Fbn1mgR/mgR mice, arterioles were enlarged with reduced MAGP1 deposition and focal loss of smooth muscle cell coverage. Losartan, which prevents aortic enlargement in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, prevented smooth muscle cell loss and vessel leakiness when administrated in a preventive mode. Moreover, losartan also partially rescued the defects in a curative mode. Thus, fibrillin-1/MAGP1 performs essential functions in arteriolar integrity and mutant fibrillin-1-induced defects can be prevented or partially rescued pharmacologically. These new findings could have implications for people with Marfan syndrome.
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22
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Chen F, Zeng S, Yi A, Chen L, Zhou D, Liu Y, Yao L. Z-score model of foetal ascending aorta diameter distensibility. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:858235. [PMID: 36035956 PMCID: PMC9403074 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.858235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to establish Z-scores models of normal fetal ascending aorta diameter and diameter distensibility. Methods The maximum systolic diameter (Dmax), minimum diastolic diameter (Dmin), and diameter distensibility of the sinotubular junction were measured and taken as dependent variables in 490 normal fetuses at 18–40 gestational weeks, and gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), and femoral length (FL) were taken as independent variables. The data were subjected to regression analysis, and the best-fitting equations for the dependent variables based on the independent variables were determined. The fitting equations were then applied to construct the Z-scores models. Results The Dmax, Dmin and Diameter Distensibility in normal fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks of GA could be evaluated by utilizing the Z-scores models. Dmax and Dmin increased significantly with increasing GA, BPD, and FL. Diameter distensibility, assessed as (Dmax–Dmin)/Dmin, decreased significantly with increasing GA, BPD, and FL. Conclusion The Z-scores are valuable, and can be utilized as a potent supplement to the conventional approach as they can indirectly reflect the development of fetal ascending aortic elastic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Central Hospital of Yueyang City, Yueyang, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Zeng, ;
| | - Aijiao Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Central Hospital of Yueyang City, Yueyang, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Central Hospital of Yueyang City, Yueyang, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longmei Yao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Ammer-Herrmenau C, Wolf L, Nasrin SS, Ramu I, Roggiolani R, Goetze RG, Buchholz SM, Sendler M, Ellenrieder V, Neesse A. Activity of acute pancreatitis is modified by secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine ablation. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:544-555. [PMID: 35699570 PMCID: PMC9278565 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent cause for hospitalization. However, molecular determinants that modulate severity of experimental pancreatitis are only partially understood. Objective To investigate the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) during cerulein‐induced AP in mice. Methods AP was induced by repeated cerulein injections in SPARC knock‐out mice (SPARC−/−) and control littermates (SPARC+/+). Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression and severity of AP were determined by histopathological scoring, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical assays. For functional analysis, primary murine acinar cell cultures with subsequent amylase release assays were employed. Proteome profiler assay and ELISA were conducted from pancreatic tissue lysates, and co‐immunofluorescence was performed. Results Upon cerulein induction, SPARC expression was robustly induced in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) but not in acinar cells. Genetic SPARC ablation resulted in attenuated severity of AP with significantly reduced levels of pancreatic necrosis, apoptosis, immune cell infiltration, and reduced fibrosis upon chronic stimulation. However, the release of amylase upon cerulein stimulation in primary acinar cell culture from SPARC+/+ and SPARC−/− was indistinguishable. Notably, immune cell derived C‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) was highly elevated in SPARC+/+ pancreatic tissue potentially linking PSC derived SPARC with CCL2 induction in AP. Conclusion SPARC mediates the severity of AP. The potential link between SPARC and the CCL2 axis could open new avenues for tailored therapeutic interventions in AP patients and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Laurin Wolf
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Syeda S Nasrin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Iswarya Ramu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Roberta Roggiolani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Robert G Goetze
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Soeren M Buchholz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Gottingen, Germany
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Osei-Owusu P, Collyer E, Dahlen SA, Echols Adams RE, Tom VJ. Maladaptation of Renal Hemodynamics Contributes to Kidney Dysfunction Resulting from Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F120-F140. [PMID: 35658716 PMCID: PMC9306783 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00072.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal dysfunction is a hallmark of spinal cord injury (SCI). Several SCI sequalae are implicated, however, the exact pathogenic mechanism of renal dysfunction is unclear. Herein, we found that T3 (T3Tx) or T10 (T10Tx) complete thoracic spinal cord transection induced hypotension, bradycardia, and hypothermia immediately after injury. T3Tx-induced hypotension but not bradycardia or hypothermia slowly recovered to levels in T10Tx SCI and uninjured mice ~16 h after injury as determined by continuous radiotelemetry monitoring. Both types of thoracic SCI led to a marked decrease in albuminuria and proteinuria in all phases of SCI, while the kidney injury marker, NGAL, rapidly increased in the acute phase, remaining elevated in the chronic phase of T3Tx SCI. Renal interstitial and vascular elastin fragmentation after SCI were worsened during chronic T3Tx SCI. In the chronic phase, renal vascular resistance response to a step increase in renal perfusion pressure or a bolus injection of Ang II or NE was almost completely abolished after T3Tx SCI. Bulk RNAseq analysis showed enrichment of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and chemokine signaling in the kidney from T3Tx SCI mice. Serum levels of interleukin 6 was elevated in the acute but not chronic phase of T3Tx and T10Tx SCI, while serum amyloid A1 level was elevated in both acute and chronic phases. We conclude that tissue fibrosis and hemodynamic impairment are involved in renal dysfunction resulting from thoracic SCI; these pathological alterations, exacerbated by high thoracic-level injury, is mediated at least partly by renal microvascular ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Eileen Collyer
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shelby A Dahlen
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Raisa E Echols Adams
- Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Veronica J Tom
- Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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25
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Lee CY, Angelov SN, Zhu J, Bi L, Sanford N, Alp Yildirim I, Dichek DA. Blockade of TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor Beta) Signaling by Deletion of Tgfbr2 in Smooth Muscle Cells of 11-Month-Old Mice Alters Aortic Structure and Causes Vasomotor Dysfunction-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:764-771. [PMID: 35443795 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the hypothesis that smooth muscle cell (SMC) TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling contributes to maintenance of aortic structure and function beyond the early postnatal period. METHODS We deleted the TBR2 (type 2 TGF-β receptor) in SMC of 11-month-old mice (genotype Acta2-CreERT2+/0 Tgfbr2f/f, termed TBR2SMΔ) and compared their ascending aorta structure and vasomotor function to controls (Acta2-CreERT20/0 Tgfbr2f/f, termed TBR2f/f). RESULTS We confirmed loss of aortic SMC TBR2 by immunoblotting. Four weeks after SMC TBR2 loss, TBR2SMΔ mice did not have aortic rupture, ulceration, dissection, dilation, or evidence of medial hemorrhage. However, aortic medial area of TBR2SMΔ mice was increased by 27% (0.14±0.01 versus 0.11±0.01 mm2; P=0.01) and medial thickness was increased by 23% (40±1.9 versus 33±1.3 μm; P=0.004) compared with littermate controls. Wire myography performed on ascending aortic rings showed hypercontractility of TBR2SMΔ aortas to phenylephrine (Emax, 15.9±1.2 versus 10.8±0.7 mN; P=0.0003) and reduced relaxation and sensitivity to acetylcholine (Emax, 64±14% versus 96±2%; P=0.001; -logEC50, 6.9±0.1 versus 7.7±0.1; P=0.0001). Neither maximal relaxation nor sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside differed (Emax, 102±0.3% versus 101±0.3%; -logEC50, 8.0±0.04 versus 7.9±0.08; P>0.4 for both). CONCLUSIONS Loss of TGF-β signaling in aortic SMC of 1-year-old mice does not cause early severe aortopathy or death; however, it causes mild structural and substantial physiological abnormalities. SMC TGF-β signaling plays an important role in maintaining aortic homeostasis in older mice. This role should be considered in the design of clinical studies that aim to prevent aortopathy by blocking SMC TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Y Lee
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Stoyan N Angelov
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Jay Zhu
- Department of Surgery (J.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Lianxiang Bi
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Nicole Sanford
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Ilkay Alp Yildirim
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - David A Dichek
- Department of Medicine (C.Y.L., S.N.A., L.B., N.S., I.A.Y., D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine' Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (D.A.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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26
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Lin CJ, Cocciolone AJ, Wagenseil JE. Elastin, arterial mechanics, and stenosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C875-C886. [PMID: 35196168 PMCID: PMC9037699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is a long-lived extracellular matrix protein that is organized into elastic fibers that provide elasticity to the arterial wall, allowing stretch and recoil with each cardiac cycle. By forming lamellar units with smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers transduce tissue-level mechanics to cell-level changes through mechanobiological signaling. Altered amounts or assembly of elastic fibers leads to changes in arterial structure and mechanical behavior that compromise cardiovascular function. In particular, genetic mutations in the elastin gene (ELN) that reduce elastin protein levels are associated with focal arterial stenosis, or narrowing of the arterial lumen, such as that seen in supravalvular aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome. Global reduction of Eln levels in mice allows investigation of the tissue- and cell-level arterial mechanical changes and associated alterations in smooth muscle cell phenotype that may contribute to stenosis formation. A loxP-floxed Eln allele in mice highlights cell type- and developmental origin-specific mechanobiological effects of reduced elastin amounts. Eln production is required in distinct cell types for elastic layer formation in different parts of the mouse vasculature. Eln deletion in smooth muscle cells from different developmental origins in the ascending aorta leads to characteristic patterns of vascular stenosis and neointima. Dissecting the mechanobiological signaling associated with local Eln depletion and subsequent smooth muscle cell response may help develop new therapeutic interventions for elastin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri,2Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin J. Cocciolone
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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27
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Făgărășan A, Săsăran MO. The Predictive Role of Plasma Biomarkers in the Evolution of Aortopathies Associated with Congenital Heart Malformations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094993. [PMID: 35563383 PMCID: PMC9102091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilatation of the aorta is a constantly evolving condition that can lead to the ultimate life-threatening event, acute aortic dissection. Recent research has tried to identify quantifiable biomarkers, with both diagnostic and prognostic roles in different aortopathies. Most studies have focused on the bicuspid aortic valve, the most frequent congenital heart disease (CHD), and majorly evolved around matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Other candidate biomarkers, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products or transforming growth factor beta have also gained a lot of attention recently. Most of the aortic anomalies and dilatation-related studies have reported expression variation of tissular biomarkers. The ultimate goal remains, though, the identification of biomarkers among the serum plasma, with the upregulation of circulating MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) being reported in association to several aortopathies and related complications in recent research. These molecules are apparently quantifiable from the early ages and have been linked to several CHDs and hereditary aortopathies. Pediatric data on the matter is still limited, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of plasmatic biomarkers in the long term follow-up of potentially evolving congenital aortopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Făgărășan
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics III, Faculty of Medicine in English, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-720-332-503
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28
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An ultrastructural 3D reconstruction method for observing the arrangement of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans in the human aortic wall under mechanical load. Acta Biomater 2022; 141:300-314. [PMID: 35065266 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An insight into changes of soft biological tissue ultrastructures under loading conditions is essential to understand their response to mechanical stimuli. Therefore, this study offers an approach to investigate the arrangement of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans (PGs), which are located within the mechanically loaded aortic wall. The human aortic samples were either fixed directly with glutaraldehyde in the load-free state or subjected to a planar biaxial extension test prior to fixation. The aortic ultrastructure was recorded using electron tomography. Collagen fibrils and PGs were segmented using convolutional neural networks, particularly the ESPNet model. The 3D ultrastructural reconstructions revealed a complex organization of collagen fibrils and PGs. In particular, we observed that not all PGs are attached to the collagen fibrils, but some fill the spaces between the fibrils with a clear distance to the collagen. The complex organization cannot be fully captured or can be severely misinterpreted in 2D. The approach developed opens up practical possibilities, including the quantification of the spatial relationship between collagen fibrils and PGs as a function of the mechanical load. Such quantification can also be used to compare tissues under different conditions, e.g., healthy and diseased, to improve or develop new material models. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The developed approach enables the 3D reconstruction of collagen fibrils and proteoglycans as they are embedded in the loaded human aortic wall. This methodological pipeline comprises the knowledge of arterial mechanics, imaging with transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography, segmentation of 3D image data sets with convolutional neural networks and finally offers a unique insight into the ultrastructural changes in the aortic tissue caused by mechanical stimuli.
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29
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A pictorial account of the human embryonic heart between 3.5 and 8 weeks of development. Commun Biol 2022; 5:226. [PMID: 35277594 PMCID: PMC8917235 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeart development is topographically complex and requires visualization to understand its progression. No comprehensive 3-dimensional primer of human cardiac development is currently available. We prepared detailed reconstructions of 12 hearts between 3.5 and 8 weeks post fertilization, using Amira® 3D-reconstruction and Cinema4D®-remodeling software. The models were visualized as calibrated interactive 3D-PDFs. We describe the developmental appearance and subsequent remodeling of 70 different structures incrementally, using sequential segmental analysis. Pictorial timelines of structures highlight age-dependent events, while graphs visualize growth and spiraling of the wall of the heart tube. The basic cardiac layout is established between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks. Septation at the venous pole is completed at 6 weeks. Between 5.5 and 6.5 weeks, as the outflow tract becomes incorporated in the ventricles, the spiraling course of its subaortic and subpulmonary channels is transferred to the intrapericardial arterial trunks. The remodeling of the interventricular foramen is complete at 7 weeks.
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30
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Dave JM, Chakraborty R, Ntokou A, Saito J, Saddouk FZ, Feng Z, Misra A, Tellides G, Riemer RK, Urban Z, Kinnear C, Ellis J, Mital S, Mecham R, Martin KA, Greif DM. JAGGED1/NOTCH3 activation promotes aortic hypermuscularization and stenosis in elastin deficiency. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:142338. [PMID: 34990407 PMCID: PMC8884911 DOI: 10.1172/jci142338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive arterial diseases, including supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), atherosclerosis, and restenosis, share 2 important features: an abnormal or disrupted elastic lamellae structure and excessive smooth muscle cells (SMCs). However, the relationship between these pathological features is poorly delineated. SVAS is caused by heterozygous loss-of-function, hypomorphic, or deletion mutations in the elastin gene (ELN), and SVAS patients and elastin-mutant mice display increased arterial wall cellularity and luminal obstructions. Pharmacological treatments for SVAS are lacking, as the underlying pathobiology is inadequately defined. Herein, using human aortic vascular cells, mouse models, and aortic samples and SMCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of ELN-deficient patients, we demonstrated that elastin insufficiency induced epigenetic changes, upregulating the NOTCH pathway in SMCs. Specifically, reduced elastin increased levels of γ-secretase, activated NOTCH3 intracellular domain, and downstream genes. Notch3 deletion or pharmacological inhibition of γ-secretase attenuated aortic hypermuscularization and stenosis in Eln-/- mutants. Eln-/- mice expressed higher levels of NOTCH ligand JAGGED1 (JAG1) in aortic SMCs and endothelial cells (ECs). Finally, Jag1 deletion in SMCs, but not ECs, mitigated the hypermuscular and stenotic phenotype in the aorta of Eln-/- mice. Our findings reveal that NOTCH3 pathway upregulation induced pathological aortic SMC accumulation during elastin insufficiency and provide potential therapeutic targets for SVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui M. Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - Junichi Saito
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - Fatima Z. Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - Zhonghui Feng
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - Ashish Misra
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert K. Riemer
- Congenital Division, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - James Ellis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Genetics
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31
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Metschl S, Bruder L, Paloschi V, Jakob K, Reutersberg B, Reeps C, Maegdefessel L, Gee M, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J. Changes in endocan and dermatan sulfate are associated with biomechanical properties of abdominal aortic wall during aneurysm expansion and rupture. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1513-1523. [PMID: 35170008 DOI: 10.1055/a-1772-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The study aimed to assess the potential of proteoglycans (PG) and collagens as serological biomarkers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechano-biological interactions and signaling pathways. METHODS Tissue and serum samples from patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA, n=29), elective AAA (eAAA, n=78), and healthy individuals (n=8) were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. Regulatory pathways were determined by membrane-based sandwich immunoassay. RESULTS In AAA samples, collagen type I and III (Col1, Col3), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS) were significantly increased compared to controls (3.0-, 3.2-, 1.3-, and 53-fold; p<0.01). Col1 and endocan were also elevated in the serum of AAA patients (3.6- and 6.0-fold; p<0.01), while DS was significantly decreased (2.5-fold; p<0.01). Histological scoring showed increased total PGs and focal accumulation in rAAA compared to eAAA. Tissue β-stiffness was higher in rAAA compared to eAAA (2.0-fold, p=0.02). Serum Col1 correlated with maximum tensile force and failure tension (r=0.448 and 0.333; p<0.01 and =0.02), tissue endocan correlated with α-stiffness (r=0.340; p<0.01). Signaling pathways in AAA were associated with ECM synthesis and VSMC proliferation. In particular, Src family kinases, PDGF- and EGF-related proteins seem to be involved. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a structural association between collagen and PGs and their response to changes in mechanical loads in AAA. Particularly Col1 and endocan reflect the mechano-biological conditions of the aortic wall also in the patient's serum and might serve for AAA risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Metschl
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Vascular and Endovascular surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jakob
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Reeps
- Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät an der TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Michael Gee
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Experimental Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Impact of Notch3 Activation on Aortic Aneurysm Development in Marfan Syndrome. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7538649. [PMID: 35211631 PMCID: PMC8863478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7538649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The leading cause of mortality in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) is thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Notch signaling is essential for vessel morphogenesis and function. However, the role of Notch signaling in aortic pathology and aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is not completely understood. Methods. RNA-sequencing on ascending aortic tissue from a mouse model of MFS, Fbn1mgR/mgR, and wild-type controls was performed. Notch 3 expression and activation in aortic tissue were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Fbn1mgR/mgR and wild-type mice were treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, to block Notch activation. Aortic aneurysms and rupture were evaluated with connective tissue staining, ultrasound, and life table analysis. Results. The murine RNA-sequencing data were validated with mouse and human MFS aortic tissue, demonstrating elevated Notch3 activation in MFS. Data further revealed that upregulation and activation of Notch3 were concomitant with increased expression of SMC contractile markers. Inhibiting Notch3 activation with DAPT attenuated aortic enlargement and improved survival of Fbn1mgR/mgR mice. DAPT treatment reduced elastin fiber fragmentation in the aorta and reversed the differentiation of SMCs. Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that matrix abnormalities in the aorta of MFS are associated with increased Notch3 activation. Enhanced Notch3 activation in MFS contributed to aortic aneurysm formation in MFS. This might be mediated by inducing a contractile phenotypic change of SMC. Our results suggest that inhibiting Notch3 activation may provide a strategy to prevent and treat aortic aneurysms in MFS.
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Ellis MW, Riaz M, Huang Y, Anderson CW, Luo J, Park J, Lopez CA, Batty LD, Gibson KH, Qyang Y. Epigallocatechin gallate facilitates extracellular elastin fiber formation in induced pluripotent stem cell derived vascular smooth muscle cells for tissue engineering. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:167-174. [PMID: 34979103 PMCID: PMC8920537 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts possess several advantages over synthetic or autologous grafts, including increased availability and reduced rates of infection and thrombosis. Engineered grafts constructed from human induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives further offer enhanced reproducibility in graft production. One notable obstacle to clinical application of these grafts is the lack of elastin in the vessel wall, which would serve to endow compliance in addition to mechanical strength. This study establishes the ability of the polyphenol compound epigallocatechin gallate, a principal component of green tea, to facilitate the extracellular formation of elastin fibers in vascular smooth muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Further, this study describes the creation of a doxycycline-inducible elastin expression system to uncouple elastin production from vascular smooth muscle cell proliferative capacity to permit fiber formation in conditions conducive to robust tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Ellis
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher W Anderson
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jinkyu Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Colleen A Lopez
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Luke D Batty
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kimberley H Gibson
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging: Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Vindin HJ, Oliver BG, Weiss AS. Elastin in healthy and diseased lung. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:15-20. [PMID: 34781101 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are an essential part of the pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM). Intact elastin is required for normal function and its damage contributes profoundly to the etiology and pathology of lung disease. This highlights the need for novel lung-specific imaging methodology that enables high-resolution 3D visualization of the ECM. We consider elastin's involvement in chronic respiratory disease and examine recent methods for imaging and modeling of the lung in the context of advances in lung tissue engineering for research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Vindin
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Woolcock Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gg Oliver
- The Woolcock Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rickel AP, Deng X, Engebretson D, Hong Z. Electrospun nanofiber scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112373. [PMID: 34579892 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, there is a large need for small diameter vascular grafts that cannot be fulfilled using autologous vessels. Although medium to large diameter synthetic vessels are in use, no suitable small diameter vascular graft has been developed due to the unique dynamic environment that exists in small vessels. To achieve long term patency, a successful tissue engineered vascular graft would need to closely match the mechanical properties of native tissue, be non-thrombotic and non-immunogenic, and elicit the proper healing response and undergo remodeling to incorporate into the native vasculature. Electrospinning presents a promising approach to the development of a suitable tissue engineered vascular graft. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different polymers, techniques, and functionalization approaches that have been used to develop an electrospun tissue engineered vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Rickel
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Xiajun Deng
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Daniel Engebretson
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, United States of America.
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Melgarejo JD, Thijs L, Wei DM, Bursztyn M, Yang WY, Li Y, Asayama K, Hansen TW, Kikuya M, Ohkubo T, Dolan E, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Cheng YB, Tikhonoff V, Malyutina S, Casiglia E, Lind L, Sandoya E, Filipovský J, Narkiewicz K, Gilis-Malinowska N, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Boggia J, Wang JG, Imai Y, Verhamme P, Trenson S, Janssens S, O’Brien E, Maestre GE, Gavish B, Staessen JA, Zhang ZY. Relative and Absolute Risk to Guide the Management of Pulse Pressure, an Age-Related Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:929-938. [PMID: 33687055 PMCID: PMC8457427 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulse pressure (PP) reflects the age-related stiffening of the central arteries, but no study addressed the management of the PP-related risk over the human lifespan. METHODS In 4,663 young (18-49 years) and 7,185 older adults (≥50 years), brachial PP was recorded over 24 hours. Total mortality and all major cardiovascular events (MACEs) combined were coprimary endpoints. Cardiovascular death, coronary events, and stroke were secondary endpoints. RESULTS In young adults (median follow-up, 14.1 years; mean PP, 45.1 mm Hg), greater PP was not associated with absolute risk; the endpoint rates were ≤2.01 per 1,000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratios expressed per 10-mm Hg PP increments were less than unity (P ≤ 0.027) for MACE (0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.96) and cardiovascular death (0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.75). In older adults (median follow-up, 13.1 years; mean PP, 52.7 mm Hg), the endpoint rates, expressing absolute risk, ranged from 22.5 to 45.4 per 1,000 person-years and the adjusted hazard ratios, reflecting relative risk, from 1.09 to 1.54 (P < 0.0001). The PP-related relative risks of death, MACE, and stroke decreased >3-fold from age 55 to 75 years, whereas absolute risk rose by a factor 3. CONCLUSIONS From 50 years onwards, the PP-related relative risk decreases, whereas absolute risk increases. From a lifecourse perspective, young adulthood provides a window of opportunity to manage risk factors and prevent target organ damage as forerunner of premature death and MACE. In older adults, treatment should address absolute risk, thereby extending life in years and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Melgarejo
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dong-Mei Wei
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Bursztyn
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wen-Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kei Asayama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tine W Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte and Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Masahiro Kikuya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eamon Dolan
- Stroke and Hypertension Unit, Blanchardstown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yi-Bang Cheng
- Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Internal and Preventive Medicine—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Lars Lind
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edgardo Sandoya
- Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jan Filipovský
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz
- First Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - José Boggia
- Centro de Nefrología and Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Center for Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials and Center for Vascular Evaluation, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Tohoku Institute for Management of Blood Pressure, Sendai, Japan
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Trenson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eoin O’Brien
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gladys E Maestre
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, Texas, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jan A Staessen
- Research Institute Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- Biomedical Science Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yanagisawa H, Yokoyama U. Extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling and mechanotransduction in large vessels during development and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110104. [PMID: 34339854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is synthesized and secreted during embryogenesis and facilitates the growth and remodeling of large vessels. Proper interactions between the ECM and vascular cells are pivotal for building the vasculature required for postnatal dynamic circulation. The ECM serves as a structural component by maintaining the integrity of the vessel wall while also regulating intercellular signaling, which involves cytokines and growth factors. The major ECM component in large vessels is elastic fibers, which include elastin and microfibrils. Elastin is predominantly synthesized by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and uses microfibrils as a scaffold to lay down and assemble cross-linked elastin. The absence of elastin causes developmental defects that result in the subendothelial proliferation of SMCs and inward remodeling of the vessel wall. Notably, elastic fiber formation is attenuated in the ductus arteriosus and umbilical arteries. These two vessels function during embryogenesis and close after birth via cellular proliferation, migration, and matrix accumulation. In dynamic postnatal mechano-environments, the elastic fibers in large vessels also serve an essential role in proper signal transduction as a component of elastin-contractile units. Disrupted mechanotransduction in SMCs leads to pathological conditions such as aortic aneurysms that exhibit outward remodeling. This review discusses the importance of the ECM-mainly the elastic fiber matrix-in large vessels during developmental remodeling and under pathological conditions. By dissecting the role of the ECM in large vessels, we aim to provide insights into the role of ECM-mediated signal transduction that can provide a basis for seeking new targets for intervention in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Abstract
Cells of the vascular wall are exquisitely sensitive to changes in their mechanical environment. In healthy vessels, mechanical forces regulate signaling and gene expression to direct the remodeling needed for the vessel wall to maintain optimal function. Major diseases of arteries involve maladaptive remodeling with compromised or lost homeostatic mechanisms. Whereas homeostasis invokes negative feedback loops at multiple scales to mediate mechanobiological stability, disease progression often occurs via positive feedback that generates mechanobiological instabilities. In this review, we focus on the cell biology, wall mechanics, and regulatory pathways associated with arterial health and how changes in these processes lead to disease. We discuss how positive feedback loops arise via biomechanical and biochemical means. We conclude that inflammation plays a central role in overriding homeostatic pathways and suggest future directions for addressing therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Quantitative not qualitative histology differentiates aneurysmal from nondilated ascending aortas and reveals a net gain of medial components. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13185. [PMID: 34162971 PMCID: PMC8222259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial degeneration is a common histopathological finding in aortopathy and is considered a mechanism for dilatation. We investigated if medial degeneration is specific for sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysms versus nondilated aortas. Specimens were graded by pathologists, blinded to the clinical diagnosis, according to consensus histopathological criteria. The extent of medial degeneration by qualitative (semi-quantitative) assessment was not specific for aneurysmal compared to nondilated aortas. In contrast, blinded quantitative assessment of elastin amount and medial cell number distinguished aortic aneurysms and referent specimens, albeit with marked overlap in results. Specifically, the medial fraction of elastin decreased from dilution rather than loss of protein as cross-sectional amount was maintained while the cross-sectional number, though not density, of smooth muscle cells increased in proportion to expansion of the media. Furthermore, elastic lamellae did not thin and interlamellar distance did not diminish as expected for lumen dilatation, implying a net gain of lamellar elastin and intralamellar cells or extracellular matrix during aneurysmal wall remodeling. These findings support the concepts that: (1) medial degeneration need not induce aortic aneurysms, (2) adaptive responses to altered mechanical stresses increase medial tissue, and (3) greater turnover, not loss, of mural cells and extracellular matrix associates with aortic dilatation.
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Li G, Schwartz MA, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Developmental origins of mechanical homeostasis in the aorta. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:629-639. [PMID: 33341996 PMCID: PMC8089041 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical homeostasis promotes proper aortic structure and function. Pathological conditions may arise, in part, from compromised or lost homeostasis. There is thus a need to quantify the homeostatic state and when it emerges. Here we quantify changes in mechanical loading, geometry, structure, and function of the murine aorta from the late prenatal period into maturity. RESULTS Our data suggest that a homeostatic set-point is established by postnatal day P2 for the flow-induced shear stress experienced by endothelial cells; this value deviates from its set-point from P10 to P21 due to asynchronous changes in mechanical loading (flow, pressure) and geometry (radius, wall thickness), but is restored thereafter consistent with homeostasis. Smooth muscle contractility also decreases during this period of heightened matrix deposition but is also restored in maturity. The pressure-induced mechanical stress experienced by intramural cells initially remains low despite increasing blood pressure, and then increases while extracellular matrix accumulates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cell-level mechanical homeostasis emerges soon after birth to allow mechanosensitive cells to guide aortic development, with deposition of matrix after P2 increasingly stress shielding intramural cells. The associated tissue-level set-points that emerge for intramural stress can be used to assess and model the aorta that matures biomechanically by P56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuki Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Primary Adipose Stromal Cells Induce Elastin and Collagen Deposition by Smooth Muscle Cells within 3D Fibrin Gel Culture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050051. [PMID: 33925413 PMCID: PMC8145221 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular components of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly elastic fibers and collagen fibers, are critical for the proper physiological function of arteries. When the unique biomechanical combination of these fibers is disrupted, or in the ultimate extreme where fibers are completely lost, arterial disease can emerge. Bioengineers in the realms of vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine must therefore ideally consider how to create tissue engineered vascular grafts containing the right balance of these fibers and how to develop regenerative treatments for situations such as an aneurysm where fibers have been lost. Previous work has demonstrated that the primary cells responsible for vascular ECM production during development, arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), can be induced to make new elastic fibers when exposed to secreted factors from adipose-derived stromal cells. To further dissect how this signal is transmitted, in this study, the factors were partitioned into extracellular vesicle (EV)-rich and EV-depleted fractions as well as unseparated controls. EVs were validated using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and protein quantification before testing for biological effects on SMCs. In 2D culture, EVs promoted SMC proliferation and migration. After 30 days of 3D fibrin construct culture, EVs promoted SMC transcription of the elastic microfibril gene FBN1 as well as SMC deposition of insoluble elastin and collagen. Uniaxial biomechanical properties of strand fibrin constructs were no different after 30 days of EV treatment versus controls. In summary, it is apparent that some of the positive effects of adipose-derived stromal cells on SMC elastogenesis are mediated by EVs, indicating a potential use for these EVs in a regenerative therapy to restore the biomechanical function of vascular ECM in arterial disease.
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42
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von Kleeck R, Roberts E, Castagnino P, Bruun K, Brankovic SA, Hawthorne EA, Xu T, Tobias JW, Assoian RK. Arterial stiffness and cardiac dysfunction in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome corrected by inhibition of lysyl oxidase. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000997. [PMID: 33687998 PMCID: PMC8008950 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The findings show that increased lysyl oxidase abundance is causal for the elevated arterial stiffness present in the arteries of Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of lysyl oxidase improves cardiac dysfunction and restores arterial compliance. Arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction are hallmarks of premature aging in Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), but the molecular regulators remain unknown. Here, we show that the LaminAG609G mouse model of HGPS recapitulates the premature arterial stiffening and early diastolic dysfunction seen in human HGPS. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is up-regulated in the arteries of these mice, and treatment with the LOX inhibitor, β-aminopropionitrile, improves arterial mechanics and cardiac function. Genome-wide and mechanistic analysis revealed reduced expression of the LOX-regulator, miR-145, in HGPS arteries, and forced expression of miR-145 restores normal LOX gene expression in HGPS smooth muscle cells. LOX abundance is also increased in the carotid arteries of aged wild-type mice, but its spatial expression differs from HGPS and its up-regulation is independent of changes in miR-145 abundance. Our results show that miR-145 is selectively misregulated in HGPS and that the consequent up-regulation of LOX is causal for premature arterial stiffening and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan von Kleeck
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paola Castagnino
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Bruun
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonja A Brankovic
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Hawthorne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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43
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Weiss D, Humphrey JD. Differential biomechanical responses of elastic and muscular arteries to angiotensin II-induced hypertension. J Biomech 2021; 119:110297. [PMID: 33647550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elastic and muscular arteries are distinguished by their distinct microstructures, biomechanical properties, and smooth muscle cell contractile functions. They also exhibit differential remodeling in aging and hypertension. Although regional differences in biomechanical properties have been compared, few studies have quantified biaxial differences in response to hypertension. Here, we contrast passive and active changes in large elastic and medium- and small-sized muscular arteries in adult mice in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin over 14 days. We found a significant increase in wall thickness, both medial and adventitial, in the descending thoracic aorta that associated with trends of an increased collagen:elastin ratio. There was adventitial thickening in the small-sized mesenteric artery, but also significant changes in elastic lamellar structure and contractility. An increased contractile response to phenylephrine coupled with a reduced vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in the mesenteric artery suggested an increased contractile state in response to hypertension. Overall reductions in the calculated gradients in pulse wave velocity and elastin energy storage capability from elastic-to-muscular arteries suggested a possible transfer of excessive pulsatile energy into the small-sized muscular arteries resulting in significant functional consequences in response to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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44
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Gharesouran J, Hosseinzadeh H, Ghafouri-Fard S, Jabbari Moghadam Y, Ahmadian Heris J, Jafari-Rouhi AH, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. New insight into clinical heterogeneity and inheritance diversity of FBLN5-related cutis laxa. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:51. [PMID: 33509220 PMCID: PMC7845118 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FBLN5-related cutis laxa (CL) is a rare disorder that involves elastic fiber-enriched tissues and is characterized by lax skin and variable systemic involvement such as pulmonary emphysema, arterial involvement, inguinal hernias, hollow viscus diverticula and pyloric stenosis. This type of CL follows mostly autosomal recessive (AR) and less commonly autosomal dominant patterns of inheritance. Results In this study, we detected a novel homozygous missense variant in exon 6 of FBLN5 gene (c.G544C, p.A182P) by using whole exome sequencing in a consanguineous Iranian family with two affected members. Our twin patients showed some of the clinical manifestation of FBLN5-related CL but they did not present pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal and genitourinary abnormalities. The notable thing about this monozygotic twin sisters is that only one of them showed ventricular septal defect, suggesting that this type of CL has intrafamilial variability. Co-segregation analysis showed the patients’ parents and relatives were heterozygous for detected variation suggesting AR form of the CL. In silico prediction tools showed that this mutation is pathogenic and 3D modeling of the normal and mutant protein revealed relative structural alteration of fibulin-5 suggesting that the A182P can contribute to the CL phenotype via the combined effect of lack of protein function and partly misfolding-associated toxicity. Conclusion We underlined the probable roles and functions of the involved domain of fibulin-5 and proposed some possible mechanisms involved in AR form of FBLN5-related CL. However, further functional studies and subsequent clinical and molecular investigations are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Gharesouran
- Molecular Genetics Division, GMG Center, Tabriz, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Hosseinzadeh
- Molecular Genetics Division, GMG Center, Tabriz, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yalda Jabbari Moghadam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Sina Medical Research and Training Hospital, Children Medical Research and Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Children Medical Research and Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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45
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Barallobre-Barreiro J, Loeys B, Mayr M, Rienks M, Verstraeten A, Kovacic JC. Extracellular Matrix in Vascular Disease, Part 2/4: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:2189-2203. [PMID: 32354385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Medium-sized and large arteries consist of 3 layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica media accounts for the bulk of the vessel wall and is the chief determinant of mechanical compliance. It is primarily composed of circumferentially arranged layers of vascular smooth muscle cells that are separated by concentrically arranged elastic lamellae; a form of extracellular matrix (ECM). The tunica media is separated from the tunica intima and tunica adventitia, the innermost and outermost layers, respectively, by the internal and external elastic laminae. This second part of a 4-part JACC Focus Seminar discusses the contributions of the ECM to vascular homeostasis and pathology. Advances in genetics and proteomics approaches have fostered significant progress in our understanding of vascular ECM. This review highlights the important role of the ECM in vascular disease and the prospect of translating these discoveries into clinical disease biomarkers and potential future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Loeys
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Marieke Rienks
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp/Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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46
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Humphrey JD. Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 34:432-441. [PMID: 33245319 PMCID: PMC8140657 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of central artery stiffening, which in turn is an initiator and indicator of myriad disease conditions and thus all-cause mortality. Such stiffening results from a remodeling of the arterial wall that is driven by mechanical stimuli and mediated by inflammatory signals, which together lead to differential gene expression and concomitant changes in extracellular matrix composition and organization. This review focuses on biomechanical mechanisms by which central arteries remodel in hypertension within the context of homeostasis-what promotes it, what prevents it. It is suggested that the vasoactive capacity of the wall and inflammatory burden strongly influence the ability of homeostatic mechanisms to adapt the arterial wall to high blood pressure or not. Maladaptation, often reflected by inflammation-driven adventitial fibrosis, not just excessive intimal-medial thickening, significantly diminishes central artery function and disturbs hemodynamics, ultimately compromising end organ perfusion and thus driving the associated morbidity and mortality. It is thus suggested that there is a need for increased attention to controlling both smooth muscle phenotype and inflammation in hypertensive remodeling of central arteries, with future studies of the often adaptive response of medium-sized muscular arteries promising to provide additional guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Jay D. Humphrey ()
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47
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Hawes JZ, Cocciolone AJ, Cui AH, Griffin DB, Staiculescu MC, Mecham RP, Wagenseil JE. Elastin haploinsufficiency in mice has divergent effects on arterial remodeling with aging depending on sex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1398-H1408. [PMID: 33035438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00517.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is a primary structural protein in the arterial wall that contributes to vascular mechanical properties and degrades with aging. Aging is associated with arterial stiffening and an increase in blood pressure. There is evidence that arterial aging follows different timelines with sex. Our objective was to investigate how elastin content affects arterial remodeling in male and female mice with aging. We used male and female wild-type (Eln+/+) and elastin heterozygous (Eln+/-) mice at 6, 12, and 24 mo of age and measured their blood pressure and arterial morphology, wall structure, protein content, circumferential stress, stretch ratio, and stiffness. Two arteries were used with varying contents of elastin: the left common carotid and ascending aorta. We show that Eln+/- arteries start at a different homeostatic set point for circumferential wall stress, stretch, and material stiffness but show similar increases with aging to Eln+/+ mice. With aging, structural stiffness is greatly increased, while material stiffness and circumferential stress are only slightly increased, highlighting the importance of maintaining these homeostatic values. Circumferential stretch shows the smallest change with age and may be important for controlling cellular phenotype. Independent sex differences are mostly associated with males being larger than females; however, many of the measured factors show age × sex and/or genotype × sex interactions, indicating that males and females follow different cardiovascular remodeling timelines with aging and are differentially affected by reduced elastin content.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A comprehensive study on arterial mechanical behavior as a function of elastin content, aging, and sex in mice. Elastin haploinsufficient arteries start at a different homeostatic set point for mechanical parameters such as circumferential stress, stretch, and material stiffness. Structural stiffness of the arterial wall greatly increases with aging, as expected, but there are interactions between sex and aging for most of the mechanical parameters that are important to consider in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Z Hawes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amy H Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Diana B Griffin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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48
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Boezio GL, Bensimon-Brito A, Piesker J, Guenther S, Helker CS, Stainier DY. Endothelial TGF-β signaling instructs smooth muscle cell development in the cardiac outflow tract. eLife 2020; 9:57603. [PMID: 32990594 PMCID: PMC7524555 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), which connects the heart to the great arteries, relies on a complex crosstalk between endothelial (ECs) and smooth muscle (SMCs) cells. Defects in OFT development can lead to severe malformations, including aortic aneurysms, which are frequently associated with impaired TGF-β signaling. To better understand the role of TGF-β signaling in OFT formation, we generated zebrafish lacking the TGF-β receptor Alk5 and found a strikingly specific dilation of the OFT: alk5-/- OFTs exhibit increased EC numbers as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) and SMC disorganization. Surprisingly, endothelial-specific alk5 overexpression in alk5-/- rescues the EC, ECM, and SMC defects. Transcriptomic analyses reveal downregulation of the ECM gene fibulin-5, which when overexpressed in ECs ameliorates OFT morphology and function. These findings reveal a new requirement for endothelial TGF-β signaling in OFT morphogenesis and suggest an important role for the endothelium in the etiology of aortic malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lm Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Sm Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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49
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Suh MK, Batra R, Carson JS, Xiong W, Dale MA, Meisinger T, Killen C, Mitchell J, Baxter BT. Ex vivo expansion of regulatory T cells from abdominal aortic aneurysm patients inhibits aneurysm in humanized murine model. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1087-1096.e1. [PMID: 31980239 PMCID: PMC10690961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Studies of human aneurysm tissue demonstrate dense inflammatory cell infiltrates with CD4+ T cells predominating. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in inhibiting pro-inflammatory T cell proliferation, therefore, limiting collateral tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ex vivo augmentation of human Tregs attenuates aneurysm formation in humanized murine model of AAA. METHODS Circulating Treg population in AAA patients and age- and gender-matched controls were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. To create humanized murine model of AAA, irradiated Rag1-deficient (Rag1-/-) mice, without mature T lymphocytes, at 7 weeks of age were given 5 × 106 of human CD4+ T cells intraperitoneally. Then the mice underwent CaCl2 aneurysm induction. Aortic diameters were measured before and at 6 weeks after aneurysm induction. Aortic tissue was collected for histology and protein extraction. Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain was used for staining elastic fiber. CD4+ T cells in the aortic tissue were detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the proportion of Tregs are decreased in AAA patients compared with matched control patients with significant vascular disease. We first validated the role of Tregs in the CaCl2 model of AAA. To determine the role of human T cells in AAA formation, Rag1-/- mice, resistant to CaCl2-aneurysm induction, were transplanted with human CD4+ T cells. Human CD4+ T cells were able to drive aneurysm formation in Rag1-/- mice. We show that ex vivo augmentation of human Tregs by interleukin-2 resulted in decreased aneurysm progression. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the ex vivo expansion of human Tregs may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inhibiting progression of AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/immunology
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Calcium Chloride
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Separation
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Suh
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Rishi Batra
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Jeffrey S Carson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Wanfen Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Matthew A Dale
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Trevor Meisinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - Cameron Killen
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - John Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb
| | - B Timothy Baxter
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Neb.
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50
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Ma Z, Mao C, Jia Y, Fu Y, Kong W. Extracellular matrix dynamics in vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C481-C499. [PMID: 32579472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the adaptive response to various physiological and pathophysiological alterations that are closely related to aging and vascular diseases. Understanding the mechanistic regulation of vascular remodeling may be favorable for discovering potential therapeutic targets and strategies. The extracellular matrix (ECM), including matrix proteins and their degradative metalloproteases, serves as the main component of the microenvironment and exhibits dynamic changes during vascular remodeling. This process involves mainly the altered composition of matrix proteins, metalloprotease-mediated degradation, posttranslational modification of ECM proteins, and altered topographical features of the ECM. To date, adequate studies have demonstrated that ECM dynamics also play a critical role in vascular remodeling in various diseases. Here, we review these related studies, summarize how ECM dynamics control vascular remodeling, and further indicate potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the ECM for corresponding vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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