1
|
Chevalier Q, Huchelmann A, Debié P, Mercier P, Hartmann M, Vonthron-Sénécheau C, Bach TJ, Schaller H, Hemmerlin A. Methyl-Jasmonate Functions as a Molecular Switch Promoting Cross-Talk between Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid Backbones Used to Modify Proteins in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1110. [PMID: 38674519 PMCID: PMC11055089 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In plants, the plastidial mevalonate (MVA)-independent pathway is required for the modification with geranylgeranyl groups of CaaL-motif proteins, which are substrates of protein geranylgeranyltransferase type-I (PGGT-I). As a consequence, fosmidomycin, a specific inhibitor of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose (DX)-5 phosphate reductoisomerase/DXR, the second enzyme in this so-called methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, also acts as an effective inhibitor of protein prenylation. This can be visualized in plant cells by confocal microscopy by expressing GFP-CaM-CVIL, a prenylation sensor protein. After treatment with fosmidomycin, the plasma membrane localization of this GFP-based sensor is altered, and a nuclear distribution of fluorescence is observed instead. In tobacco cells, a visual screen of conditions allowing membrane localization in the presence of fosmidomycin identified jasmonic acid methyl esther (MeJA) as a chemical capable of gradually overcoming inhibition. Using Arabidopsis protein prenyltransferase loss-of-function mutant lines expressing GFP-CaM-CVIL proteins, we demonstrated that in the presence of MeJA, protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) can modify the GFP-CaM-CVIL sensor, a substrate the enzyme does not recognize under standard conditions. Similar to MeJA, farnesol and MVA also alter the protein substrate specificity of PFT, whereas DX and geranylgeraniol have limited or no effect. Our data suggest that MeJA adjusts the protein substrate specificity of PFT by promoting a metabolic cross-talk directing the origin of the prenyl group used to modify the protein. MVA, or an MVA-derived metabolite, appears to be a key metabolic intermediate for this change in substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Chevalier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CEDEX, F-67401 Illkirch, France;
| | - Alexandre Huchelmann
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Pauline Debié
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael Hartmann
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Catherine Vonthron-Sénécheau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CEDEX, F-67401 Illkirch, France;
| | - Thomas J. Bach
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Andréa Hemmerlin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP), Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (Q.C.); (P.D.); (P.M.); (M.H.); (T.J.B.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng K, Yan YJ, Sun N, Yang ZY, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment induced the transcriptional responses and accumulation of volatile terpenoids in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131017. [PMID: 38513909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Water dropwort is favored by consumers for its unique flavor and medicinal value. Terpenoids were identified as the main volatile compounds related to its flavor. In this study, water dropwort was treated with different concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The contents of volatile terpenoids were determined under various MeJA treatments. The results indicated that 0.1 mM of MeJA most effectively promoted the biosynthesis of flavor-related terpenoids in water dropwort. Terpinolene accounted the highest proportion among terpene compounds in water dropwort. The contents of jasmonates in water dropwort were also increased after exogenous MeJA treatments. Transcriptome analysis indicated that DEGs involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated. The TPS family was identified from water dropwort, and the expression levels of Oj0473630, Oj0287510 and Oj0240400 genes in TPS-b subfamily were consistent with the changes of terpene contents under MeJA treatments. Oj0473630 was cloned from the water dropwort and designated as OjTPS3, which is predicted to be related to the biosynthesis of terpinolene in water dropwort. Subcellular localization indicated that OjTPS3 protein was localized in chloroplast. Protein purification and enzyme activity of OjTPS3 protein were conducted. The results showed that the purified OjTPS3 protein catalyzed the biosynthesis of terpinolene by using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate in vitro. This study will facilitate to further understand the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and provide a strategy to improve the flavor of water dropwort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asif S, Jan R, Kim N, Asaf S, Lubna, Khan MA, Kim EG, Jang YH, Bhatta D, Lee IJ, Kim KM. Halotolerant endophytic bacteria alleviate salinity stress in rice (oryza sativa L.) by modulating ion content, endogenous hormones, the antioxidant system and gene expression. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:494. [PMID: 37833628 PMCID: PMC10576267 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive salinity reduces crop production and negatively impacts agriculture worldwide. We previously isolated endophytic bacterial strains from two halophytic species: Artemisia princeps and Chenopodium ficifolium. We used three bacterial isolates: ART-1 (Lysinibacillus fusiformis), ART-10 (Lysinibacillus sphaericus), and CAL-8 (Brevibacterium pityocampae) to alleviate the impact of salinity stress on rice. The impact of 160 mM NaCl salinity on rice was significantly mitigated following inoculation with these bacterial strains, resulting in increased growth and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, OsNHX1, OsAPX1, OsPIN1 and OsCATA expression was increased, but OsSOS expression was decreased. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed reduced K+ and Na+ levels in shoots of bacteria-inoculated plants, whereas that of Mg2+ was increased. Bacterial inoculation reduced the content of total flavonoids in rice leaves. Salinized plants inoculated with bacteria showed reduced levels of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) but increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA). In conclusion, the bacterial isolates ART-1, ART-10, and CAL-8 alleviated the adverse effect of salinity on rice growth, which justifies their use as an eco-friendly agricultural practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of chemical and life sciences, Qurtuba university of science and information technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Eun-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dibya Bhatta
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teng D, Jing W, Lv B, Huang X, Zhao D, Kou J, Liu X, Dhiloo KH, Zhang Y. Two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases in Gossypium hirsutum involved in MeJA biosynthesis may contribute to plant defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249226. [PMID: 37731981 PMCID: PMC10508841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), the crucial plant hormones, can induce the emission of plant volatiles and regulate the behavioral responses of insect pests or their natural enemies. In this study, two jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferases (JMTs), GhJMT1 and GhJMT2, involved in MeJA biosynthesis in Gossypium. hirsutum were identified and further functionally confirmed. In vitro, recombinant GhJMT1 and GhJMT2 were both responsible for the conversion of JA to MeJA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) measurement indicated that GhJMT1 and GhJMT2 were obviously up-regulated in leaves and stems of G. hirsutum after being treated with MeJA. In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, MeJA treatment significantly induced plant volatiles emission such as (E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool and (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), which play vital roles in direct and indirect plant defenses. Moreover, antennae of parasitoid wasps Microplitis mediator showed electrophysiological responses to MeJA, β-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and linalool at a dose dependent manner, while our previous research revealed that DMNT excites electrophysiological responses and behavioral tendencies. These findings provide a better understanding of MeJA biosynthesis and defense regulation in upland cotton, which lay a foundation to JA and MeJA employment in agricultural pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixia Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzheng Huang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junfeng Kou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Khalid Hussain Dhiloo
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tan Q, Li R, Liu L, Wang D, Dai XF, Song LM, Zhang DD, Kong ZQ, Klosterman SJ, Usami T, Subbarao KV, Liang WX, Chen JY. Functional Characterization of Verticillium dahliae Race 3-Specific Gene VdR3e in Virulence and Elicitation of Plant Immune Responses. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0108323. [PMID: 37378525 PMCID: PMC10434166 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01083-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungal pathogen that causes disease on many economically important crops. Based on the resistance or susceptibility of differential cultivars in tomato, isolates of V. dahliae are divided into three races. Avirulence (avr) genes within the genomes of the three races have also been identified. However, the functional role of the avr gene in race 3 isolates of V. dahliae has not been characterized. In this study, bioinformatics analysis showed that VdR3e, a cysteine-rich secreted protein encoded by the gene characterizing race 3 in V. dahliae, was likely obtained by horizontal gene transfer from the fungal genus Bipolaris. We demonstrate that VdR3e causes cell death by triggering multiple defense responses. In addition, VdR3e localized at the periphery of the plant cell and triggered immunity depending on its subcellular localization and the cell membrane receptor BAK1. Furthermore, VdR3e is a virulence factor and shows differential pathogenicity in race 3-resistant and -susceptible hosts. These results suggest that VdR3e is a virulence factor that can also interact with BAK1 as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) to trigger immune responses. IMPORTANCE Based on the gene-for-gene model, research on the function of avirulence genes and resistance genes has had an unparalleled impact on breeding for resistance in most crops against individual pathogens. The soilborne fungal pathogen, Verticillium dahliae, is a major pathogen on many economically important crops. Currently, avr genes of the three races in V. dahliae have been identified, but the function of avr gene representing race 3 has not been described. We investigated the characteristics of VdR3e-mediated immunity and demonstrated that VdR3e acts as a PAMP to activate a variety of plant defense responses and induce plant cell death. We also demonstrated that the role of VdR3e in pathogenicity was host dependent. This is the first study to describe the immune and virulence functions of the avr gene from race 3 in V. dahliae, and we provide support for the identification of genes mediating resistance against race 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Song
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Steve J. Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Usami
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo City, Japan
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California—Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Liang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Knieper M, Viehhauser A, Dietz KJ. Oxylipins and Reactive Carbonyls as Regulators of the Plant Redox and Reactive Oxygen Species Network under Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040814. [PMID: 37107189 PMCID: PMC10135161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in particular H2O2, serve as essential second messengers at low concentrations. However, excessive ROS accumulation leads to severe and irreversible cell damage. Hence, control of ROS levels is needed, especially under non-optimal growth conditions caused by abiotic or biotic stresses, which at least initially stimulate ROS synthesis. A complex network of thiol-sensitive proteins is instrumental in realizing tight ROS control; this is called the redox regulatory network. It consists of sensors, input elements, transmitters, and targets. Recent evidence revealed that the interplay of the redox network and oxylipins–molecules derived from oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially under high ROS levels–plays a decisive role in coupling ROS generation and subsequent stress defense signaling pathways in plants. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the current knowledge on the interaction of distinct oxylipins generated enzymatically (12-OPDA, 4-HNE, phytoprostanes) or non-enzymatically (MDA, acrolein) and components of the redox network. Further, recent findings on the contribution of oxylipins to environmental acclimatization will be discussed using flooding, herbivory, and establishment of thermotolerance as prime examples of relevant biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sahraei F, Solgi M, Taghizadeh M. The application of methyl jasmonate in combination with ascorbic acid on morphological traits and some biochemical parameters in red willow. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:185-193. [PMID: 36875731 PMCID: PMC9981849 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red willow, an economically important ornamental shrub in Iran, is characterized mainly by its red stems, making it a valuable ornamental plant in flower markets. This study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ascorbic acid on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of red willow. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. Juvenile willow shrubs (3 to 4-year-old red) were cultivated in Hossein Abad village, Markazi province, Iran. The experimental treatments consisted of MeJA (0, 100 and 200 mgL-1) and ascorbic acid (0, 100 and 200 mgL-1). Several traits were evaluated such as the longest branch and two nearest heights, total shrub diameter, the longest branch diameter (at lower, middle and upper parts), total anthocyanin content of the longest branch, salicin content, leaf chlorophyll (a, b and a + b) content, and carotenoid content. In addition, the number, length and width of leaves from the longest branch, fresh and dry weight of branches were analyzed. Results revealed that the application of MeJA and ascorbic acid significantly increased growth characteristics (height, leaf number, total shrub diameter, branch diameter, fresh and dry weight and total anthocyanin content) of red willow shrubs. Furthermore, it was found that 200 mgL-1 treatments of these two substances produced the best results. Red willow shrub growth parameters and yield were also improved by the interaction of these two factors. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between total anthocyanin content and leaf number of the longest branch, total shrub diameter, the height of nearest branch 2 and the plant fresh weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sahraei
- Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Envrionmental Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Mousa Solgi
- Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Envrionmental Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| | - Mina Taghizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Envrionmental Sciences, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Zahrani HS, Alharby HF, Fahad S. Antioxidative Defense System, Hormones, and Metabolite Accumulation in Different Plant Parts of Two Contrasting Rice Cultivars as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911846. [PMID: 35712584 PMCID: PMC9196032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the metabolic, hormonal, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic responses of various plant components (leaf, root, and xylem sap) to plant growth regulators [methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ascorbic acid (Vc), brassinosteroids (Br), triazoles (Tr), alpha-tocopherol (Ve), and control] under heat stress [ambient temperature (AT), heat stress at night time (HNT), and heat stress at day (HDT)] in heat-sensitive (IR-64) and heat-tolerant (Huanghuazhan) rice cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed that heat stress altered the antioxidant activities and hormonal balance and rigorously reduced total soluble sugars, proteins, and proline, whereas increases were observed in H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content accumulation in the plant xylem sap and leaves of both tested cultivars; however, the impact was more pronounced in IR-64. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), Glutathione (GSH), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities were higher in Huanghuazhan than in IR-64 in response to temperature stress, when compared to AT. Additionally, heat stress increased abscisic acid (ABA) levels in both rice cultivars, especially in IR-64. The highest concentrations of hormones were recorded in the roots, followed by the leaves and xylem sap, in both cultivars. HDT and HNT stresses severely reduced the concentrations of all of the cytokinin types (except for iP9G and tZ9G) and IAA in the different plant parts of rice cultivars. Moreover, HNT was more detrimental for hormone and metabolite synthesis in both cultivars. The growth regulators (especially Vc + Br + Ve + MeJA) were comparatively more effective in minimizing the hostile impact of heat stress on most of the studied traits and should be applied to obtain the optimum yield of rice in subtropical and tropical areas under changing climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evolutionary History and Functional Diversification of the JmjC Domain-Containing Histone Demethylase Gene Family in Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081041. [PMID: 35448769 PMCID: PMC9029850 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Histone demethylases containing JumonjiC (JmjC) domains regulate gene transcription and chromatin structure by changing the methylation status of lysine residues and play an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a total of 332 JmjC family genes were identified from 21 different plant species. The evolutionary analysis results showed that the JmjC gene was detected in each species, that is, the gene has already appeared in algae. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the KDM3/JHDM2 subfamily genes may have appeared when plants transitioned from water to land, but were lost in lycophytes (Selaginella moellendorffii). During the evolutionary process, some subfamily genes may have been lost in individual species. According to the analysis of the conserved domains, all of the plant JmjC genes contained a typical JmjC domain, which was highly conserved during plant evolution. The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that the promoter region of the JmjC gene was rich in phytohormones and biotic and abiotic stress-related elements. The transcriptome data analysis and protein interaction analyses showed that JmjC genes play an important role in plant growth and development. The results clarified the evolutionary history of JmjC family genes in plants and lay the foundation for the analysis of the biological functions of JmjC family genes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lohaus G. Review primary and secondary metabolites in phloem sap collected with aphid stylectomy. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153645. [PMID: 35217406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phloem plays a central role in assimilate transport as well as in the transport of several secondary compounds. In order to study the chemical composition of phloem sap, different methods have been used for its collection, including stem incisions, EDTA-facilitated exudation or aphid stylectomy. Each collection method has several advantages and disadvantages and, unfortunately, the reported metabolite profiles and concentrations depend on the method used for exudate collection. This review therefore primarily focusses on sugars, amino acids, inorganic ions and further transported compounds like organic acids, nucleotides, phytohormons, defense signals, and lipophilic substances in the phloem sap obtained by aphid stylectomy to facilitate comparability of the data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Lohaus
- Molecular Plant Science/Plant Biochemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gene Expression Analysis of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Lipoxygenase Cascade and Oxylipin Signature under Abiotic Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050683. [PMID: 35270153 PMCID: PMC8912661 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids through the lipoxygenase-catalyzed step and subsequent reactions is referred to as the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. The components of this system, such as jasmonates, are involved in growth, development and defense reactions of plants. In this report, we focus on dynamics of expression of different LOX pathway genes and activities of target enzymes with three abiotic stress factors: darkness, salinity and herbicide toxicity. To obtain a more complete picture, the expression profiles of marker genes for salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, auxin and gibberellin-dependent signaling systems under the same stresses were also analyzed. The gene expression in Solanum tuberosum plants was analyzed using qRT-PCR, and we found that the LOX-cascade-related genes responded to darkness, salinity and herbicide toxicity in different ways. We detected activation of a number of 9-LOX pathway genes; however, in contrast to studies associated with biotic stress (infection), the 9-divinyl ether synthase branch of the LOX cascade was inhibited under all three stresses. GC-MS analysis of the oxylipin profiles also showed the main activity of the 9-LOX-cascade-related enzymes after treatment with herbicide and darkness.
Collapse
|
12
|
Terentev A, Dolzhenko V, Fedotov A, Eremenko D. Current State of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Early Plant Disease Detection: A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030757. [PMID: 35161504 PMCID: PMC8839015 DOI: 10.3390/s22030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of hyperspectral remote sensing equipment, in recent years, has provided plant protection professionals with a new mechanism for assessing the phytosanitary state of crops. Semantically rich data coming from hyperspectral sensors are a prerequisite for the timely and rational implementation of plant protection measures. This review presents modern advances in early plant disease detection based on hyperspectral remote sensing. The review identifies current gaps in the methodologies of experiments. A further direction for experimental methodological development is indicated. A comparative study of the existing results is performed and a systematic table of different plants' disease detection by hyperspectral remote sensing is presented, including important wave bands and sensor model information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Terentev
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 3 Podbelsokogo Str., Pushkin, 196608 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +7-921-937-1550 (A.T.); +7-921-741-6303 (A.F.)
| | - Viktor Dolzhenko
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 3 Podbelsokogo Str., Pushkin, 196608 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander Fedotov
- World-Class Research Center «Advanced Digital Technologies», Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (A.F.); Tel.: +7-921-937-1550 (A.T.); +7-921-741-6303 (A.F.)
| | - Danila Eremenko
- World-Class Research Center «Advanced Digital Technologies», Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya Str., 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trifunović-Momčilov M, Motyka V, Dobrev PI, Marković M, Milošević S, Jevremović S, Dragićević IČ, Subotić A. Phytohormone profiles in non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn) shoots and roots in response to salinity stress in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21471. [PMID: 34728697 PMCID: PMC8563955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate numerous developmental and physiological processes. Abiotic stresses considerably affect production and distribution of phytohormones as the stress signal triggers. The homeostasis of plant hormones is controlled by their de novo synthesis and catabolism. The aim of this work was to analyse the contents of total and individual groups of endogenous cytokinins (CKs) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in AtCKX overexpressing centaury plants grown in vitro on graded NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM). The levels of endogenous stress hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were also detected. The elevated contents of total CKs were found in all analysed centaury shoots. Furthermore, increased amounts of all five CK groups, as well as enhanced total CKs were revealed on graded NaCl concentrations in non-transformed and AtCKX roots. All analysed AtCKX centaury lines exhibited decreased amounts of endogenous IAA in shoots and roots. Consequently, the IAA/bioactive CK forms ratios showed a significant variation in the shoots and roots of all AtCKX lines. In shoots and roots of both non-transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury plants, salinity was associated with an increase of ABA and JA and a decrease of SA content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia.
| | - Václav Motyka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marija Marković
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Snežana Milošević
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Slađana Jevremović
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Č Dragićević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Angelina Subotić
- Department for Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martins V, Unlubayir M, Teixeira A, Gerós H, Lanoue A. Calcium and methyl jasmonate cross-talk in the secondary metabolism of grape cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:228-238. [PMID: 34077875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In grape cell cultures cv. Gamay Fréaux var. Teinturier, Ca was shown to decrease cell pigmentation through the inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis, while stimulating stilbenoids accumulation. Because methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a well-known inducer of secondary metabolism in grape cells, and Ca antagonizes its stimulatory effect over several enzymes of core metabolic branches, in the present study we hypothesized that Ca and MeJA signaling pathways interact to regulate specific secondary metabolism routes. Grape cultured cells were elicited with MeJA or with MeJA + Ca and an UPLC-MS-based targeted metabolomic method was implemented to characterize their polyphenolic profiles. Results were compared with the profile of cells elicited with Ca only, previously reported. Data was complemented with gene expression analysis, allowing the assembly of a metabolic map that unraveled routes specifically regulated by both elicitors. MeJA + Ca specifically boosted E-resveratrol and E-ε-viniferin levels by 180% and 140%, respectively, in comparison to cells treated with MeJA only, while the stimulatory effect of MeJA over flavonoid synthesis was inhibited by Ca. In parallel, Ca downregulated most flavonoid pathway genes, including LAR1, ANS, BAN and ANR. Ca was able to mimic or potentiate the effect of MeJA on the expression of JA signaling genes, including JAR1, PIN and PR10. Transcript/metabolite correlation networks exposed the central influence of FLS1,STS,CDPK17 and COI1 in polyphenolic biosynthetic routes. This study highlights the potential of the MeJA-Ca combination for diverting polyphenolic metabolism towards the production of specific metabolites of interest, highly relevant in a biotechnological perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Marianne Unlubayir
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologie Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France.
| | - António Teixeira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologie Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aslam S, Gul N, Mir MA, Asgher M, Al-Sulami N, Abulfaraj AA, Qari S. Role of Jasmonates, Calcium, and Glutathione in Plants to Combat Abiotic Stresses Through Precise Signaling Cascade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:668029. [PMID: 34367199 PMCID: PMC8340019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.668029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators have an important role in various developmental processes during the life cycle of plants. They are involved in abiotic stress responses and tolerance. They have very well-developed capabilities to sense the changes in their external milieu and initiate an appropriate signaling cascade that leads to the activation of plant defense mechanisms. The plant defense system activation causes build-up of plant defense hormones like jasmonic acid (JA) and antioxidant systems like glutathione (GSH). Moreover, calcium (Ca2+) transients are also seen during abiotic stress conditions depicting the role of Ca2+ in alleviating abiotic stress as well. Therefore, these growth regulators tend to control plant growth under varying abiotic stresses by regulating its oxidative defense and detoxification system. This review highlights the role of Jasmonates, Calcium, and glutathione in abiotic stress tolerance and activation of possible novel interlinked signaling cascade between them. Further, phyto-hormone crosstalk with jasmonates, calcium and glutathione under abiotic stress conditions followed by brief insights on omics approaches is also elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aslam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Nadia Gul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Mudasir A. Mir
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
| | - Mohd. Asgher
- Department of Botany, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Nadiah Al-Sulami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aala A. Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Qari
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Central Laboratory (GMCL), Department of Biology, Aljumun University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Characteristics and Research Progress of Legume Nodule Senescence. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061103. [PMID: 34070891 PMCID: PMC8227080 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delaying the nodule senescence of legume crops can prolong the time of nitrogen fixation and attenuate the lack of fertilizer in the later stage of legume crop cultivation, resulting in improved crop yield and reduced usage of nitrogen fertilizer. However, effective measures to delay the nodule senescence of legume crops in agriculture are relatively lacking. In the present review, we summarized the structural and physiological characteristics of nodule senescence, as well as the corresponding detection methods, providing technical support for the identification of nodule senescence phenotype. We then outlined the key genes currently known to be involved in the regulation of nodule senescence, offering the molecular genetic information for breeding varieties with delayed nodule senescence. In addition, we reviewed various abiotic factors affecting nodule senescence, providing a theoretical basis for the interaction between molecular genetics and abiotic factors in the regulation of nodule senescence. Finally, we briefly prospected research foci of nodule senescence in the future.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sheteiwy MS, Shao H, Qi W, Daly P, Sharma A, Shaghaleh H, Hamoud YA, El-Esawi MA, Pan R, Wan Q, Lu H. Seed priming and foliar application with jasmonic acid enhance salinity stress tolerance of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2027-2041. [PMID: 32949013 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important molecule that has a regulatory effect on many physiological processes in plant growth and development under abiotic stress. This study investigated the effect of 60 μmol L-1 of JA in seed priming (P) at 15 °C in darkness for 24 h, foliar application (F), and/or their combination effect (P + F) on two soybean cultivars - 'Nannong 99-6' (salt tolerant) and 'Lee 68' (salt sensitive) - under salinity stress (100 mmol L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl)). RESULTS Salinity stress reduced seedling growth and biomass compared with that in the control condition. Priming and foliar application with JA and/or their combination significantly improved water potential, osmotic potential, water use efficiency, and relative water content of both cultivars under salinity stress. Similarly, seed priming with JA, foliar application of JA, and/or their combination significantly improved the following properties under salinity stress compared with the untreated seedlings: net photosynthetic rate by 68.03%, 59.85%, and 76.67% respectively; transpiration rate by 74.85%, 55.10%, and 80.26% respectively; stomatal conductance by 69.88%, 78.25%, and 26.24% respectively; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration by 61.64%, 40.06%, and 65.79% respectively; and total chlorophyll content by 47.41%, 41.02%, and 55.73% respectively. Soybean plants primed, sprayed with JA, or treated with their combination enhanced the chlorophyll fluorescence, which was damaged by salinity stress. JA treatments improved abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and JA levels by 60.57%, 62.50% and 52.25% respectively under salt stress compared with those in the control condition. The transcriptional levels of the FeSOD, POD, CAT, and APX genes increased significantly in the NaCl-stressed seedlings irrespective of JA treatments. Moreover, JA treatment resulted in a reduction of sodium ion concentration and an increase of potassium ion concentrations in the leaf and root of both cultivars regardless of salinity stress. Monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and proline contents decreased in the seedlings treated with JA under salinity stress, whereas the ascorbate content increased with JA treatment combined with NaCl stress. CONCLUSION The application of 60 μmol L-1 JA improved plant growth by regulating the interaction between plant hormones and hydrogen peroxide, which may be involved in auxin signaling and stomatal closure under salt stress. These methods could efficiently protect early seedlings and alleviate salt stress damage and provide possibilities for use in improving soybean growth and inducing tolerance against excessive soil salinity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ronghui Pan
- Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wan
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eng F, Marin JE, Zienkiewicz K, Gutiérrez-Rojas M, Favela-Torres E, Feussner I. Jasmonic acid biosynthesis by fungi: derivatives, first evidence on biochemical pathways and culture conditions for production. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10873. [PMID: 33604199 PMCID: PMC7869668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives called jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signalling molecules that are produced by plants and certain fungi. Beside this function, JAs have a great variety of applications in flavours and fragrances production. In addition, they may have a high potential in agriculture. JAs protect plants against infections. Although there is much information on the biosynthesis and function of JA concerning plants, knowledge on these aspects is still scarce for fungi. Taking into account the practical importance of JAs, the objective of this review is to summarize knowledge on the occurrence of JAs from fungal culture media, their biosynthetic pathways and the culture conditions for optimal JA production as an alternative source for the production of these valuable metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Eng
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Biotechnology Division, Cuban Research Institute on Sugar Cane Byproducts (ICIDCA), Havana, Cuba.,Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Jorge Erick Marin
- Laboratório de Processos Biológicos, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (LPB/EESC/USP), São Carlos, Brasil
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mariano Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Favela-Torres
- Campus Iztapalapa, Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Plant Biochemistry, International Center for advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zarid M, García-Carpintero V, Esteras C, Esteva J, Bueso MC, Cañizares J, Picó MB, Monforte AJ, Fernández-Trujillo JP. Transcriptomic analysis of a near-isogenic line of melon with high fruit flesh firmness during ripening. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:754-777. [PMID: 32713003 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A near-isogenic line (NIL) of melon (SC10-2) with introgression in linkage group X was studied from harvest (at firm-ripe stage of maturity) until day 18 of postharvest storage at 20.5 °C together with its parental control ('Piel de Sapo', PS). RESULTS SC10-2 showed higher flesh firmness and whole fruit hardness but lower juiciness than its parental. SC10-2 showed a decrease in respiration rate accompanied by a decrease in ethylene production during ripening, both of which fell to a greater extent than in PS. The introgression affected 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the levels of which during ripening were generally higher in SC10-2 than in PS. Transcriptomic analysis from RNA-Seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the effects studied. For example, 909 DEGs were exclusive to the introgression, and only 23 DEGs were exclusive to postharvest ripening time. Major functions of the DEGs associated with introgression or ripening time were identified by cluster analysis. About 37 genes directly and/or indirectly affected the delay in ripening of SC10-2 compared with PS in general and, more particularly, the physiological and quality traits measured and, probably, the differential non-climacteric response. Of the former genes, we studied in more detail at least five that mapped in the introgression in linkage group (LG) X, and 32 outside it. CONCLUSION There is an apparent control of textural changes, VOCs and fruit ripening by an expression quantitative trait locus located in LG X together with a direct control on them due to genes presented in the introgression (CmTrpD, CmNADH1, CmTCP15, CmGDSL esterase/lipase, and CmHK4-like) and CmNAC18. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zarid
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum' (CMN), Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
| | - Victor García-Carpintero
- Centro de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Centro de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Esteva
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum' (CMN), Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
| | - María C Bueso
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, CMN, UPCT, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Centro de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - María B Picó
- Centro de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC/Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Pablo Fernández-Trujillo
- Department of Agronomical Engineering, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum' (CMN), Technical University of Cartagena (UPCT), Cartagena, Spain
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology, CMN, UPCT, Cartagena, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding T, Zhang W, Li Y, Duan T. Effect of the AM Fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa on Common Vetch Responses to an Anthracnose Pathogen. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:542623. [PMID: 33391193 PMCID: PMC7775565 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.542623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum lentis Damm causes anthracnose in Vicia sativa L, otherwise known as common vetch. It was first reported in China in 2019. This study evaluates the effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Sieverdingia tortuosa (N.C. Schenck & G.S. Sm.) Błaszk., Niezgoda, & B.T. Goto on growth and disease severity in common vetch. Our main finding is that the AM fungus increased root biomass and reduced anthracnose severity of common vetch. Responses correlated with defense, such as chitinase activity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the concentrations of jasmonic acid and proline, and the expression of resistance-related genes (e.g., upregulated "signal transduction," "MAPK signaling pathway," "chitinase activity," "response to stress," and the KEGG pathways "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis," "MAPK signaling pathways," and "plant-pathogen interactions"), were also affected These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which this AM fungus regulates the defense response of common vetch to C. lentis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingde Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jadaun JS, Kushwaha AK, Sangwan NS, Narnoliya LK, Mishra S, Sangwan RS. WRKY1-mediated regulation of tryptophan decarboxylase in tryptamine generation for withanamide production in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1443-1465. [PMID: 32789542 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WsWRKY1-mediated transcriptional modulation of Withania somnifera tryptophan decarboxylase gene (WsTDC) helps to regulate fruit-specific tryptamine generation for production of withanamides. Withania somnifera is a highly valued medicinal plant. Recent demonstration of novel indolyl metabolites called withanamides in its fruits (berries) prompted us to investigate its tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), as tryptophan is invariably a precursor for indole moiety. TDC catalyzes conversion of tryptophan into tryptamine, and the catalytic reaction constitutes a committed metabolic step for synthesis of an array of indolyl metabolites. The TDC gene (WsTDC) was cloned from berries of the plant and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized for its catalytic attributes. Catalytic and structural aspects of the enzyme indicated its regulatory/rate-limiting significance in generation of the indolyl metabolites. Novel tissue-wise and developmentally differential abundance of WsTDC transcripts reflected its preeminent role in withanamide biogenesis in the fruits. Transgenic lines overexpressing WsTDC gene showed accumulation of tryptamine at significantly higher levels, while lines silenced for WsTDC exhibited considerably depleted levels of tryptamine. Cloning and sequence analysis of promoter of WsTDC revealed the presence of W-box in it. Follow-up studies on isolation of WsWRKY1 transcription factor and its overexpression in W. somnifera revealed that WsTDC expression was substantially induced by WsWRKY1 resulting in overproduction of tryptamine. The study invokes a key role of TDC in regulating the indolyl secondary metabolites through enabling elevated flux/supply of tryptamine at multiple levels from gene expression to catalytic attributes overall coordinated by WsWRKY1. This is the first biochemical, molecular, structural, physiological and regulatory description of a fruit-functional TDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh Jadaun
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India.
| | - Lokesh Kumar Narnoliya
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Smrati Mishra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rajender Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu S, Sun R, Zhang X, Feng Z, Wei F, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Feng H, Zhu H. Genome-Wide Analysis of OPR Family Genes in Cotton Identified a Role for GhOPR9 in Verticillium dahliae Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1134. [PMID: 32992523 PMCID: PMC7600627 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) have been proven to play a major role in plant development and growth. Although the classification and functions of OPRs have been well understood in Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, maize, and wheat, the information of OPR genes in cotton genome and their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses have not been reported. In this study, we found 10 and 9 OPR genes in Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense, respectively. They were classified into three groups, based on the similar gene structure and conserved protein motifs. These OPR genes just located on chromosome 01, chromosome 05, and chromosome 06. In addition, the whole genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication events contributed to the evolution of the OPR gene family. The analyses of cis-acting regulatory elements of GhOPRs showed that the functions of OPR genes in cotton might be related to growth, development, hormone, and stresses. Expression patterns showed that GhOPRs were upregulated under salt treatment and repressed by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000). The expression patterns of GhOPRs were different in leaf, root, and stem under V. dahliae infection. GhOPR9 showed a higher expression level than other OPR genes in cotton root. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis suggested that knockdown of GhOPR9 could increase the susceptibility of cotton to V. dahliae infection. Furthermore, GhOPR9 also modulated the expressions of jasmonic acid (JA) pathway-regulated genes under the V. dahliae infection. Overall, our results provided the evolution and potential functions of the OPR genes in cotton. These findings suggested that GhOPR9 might play an important role in cotton resistance to V. dahliae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Ruibin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Longfu Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hongjie Feng
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (S.L.); (R.S.); (Z.F.); (F.W.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torun H, Novák O, Mikulík J, Pěnčík A, Strnad M, Ayaz FA. Timing-dependent effects of salicylic acid treatment on phytohormonal changes, ROS regulation, and antioxidant defense in salinized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:13886. [PMID: 32807910 PMCID: PMC7431421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-talk between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and endogenous phytohormone pathways affects the antioxidant defense system and its response to salt stress. The study presented here investigated the effects of SA treatment before and during salt stress on the levels of endogenous plant growth regulators in three barley cultivars with different salinity tolerances: Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Akhisar (sensitive), Erginel (moderate), and Kalaycı (tolerant). The cultivars' relative leaf water contents, growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophyll a/b ratios, and lipid peroxidation levels were measured, along with the activities of enzymes involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide-dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase. In addition, levels of several endogenous phytohormones (indole-3-acetic-acid, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) were measured. Barley is known to be more salt tolerant than related plant species. Accordingly, none of the studied cultivars exhibited changes in membrane lipid peroxidation under salt stress. However, they responded differently to salt-stress with respect to their accumulation of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity. The strongest and weakest increases in ABA and proline accumulation were observed in Kalaycı and Akhisar, respectively, suggesting that salt-stress was more effectively managed in Kalaycı. The effects of exogenous SA treatment depended on both the timing of the treatment and the cultivar to which it was applied. In general, however, where SA helped mitigate salt stress, it appeared to do so by increasing ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. SA treatment also induced changes in phytohormone levels, presumably as a consequence of SA-phytohormone salt-stress cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Torun
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Science, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey.
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikulík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Faik Ahmet Ayaz
- Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Effect of Soil Salinity and Foliar Application of Jasmonic Acid on Mineral Balance of Carrot Plants Tolerant and Sensitive to Salt Stress. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the effects of soil salinity stress and foliar application of jasmonic acid (JA) on the mineral balance in plants of salt-sensitive doubled haploid carrot line (DH1) and salt-tolerant local DLBA variety (DLBA). Concentrations of 28 elements were determined in roots and leaves and in the soil. The DcNHX4 gene (cation:proton exchange antiporter) expression was assessed. The salinity stress reduced the mass of roots and leaves more in DH1 than in DLBA. DLBA plants accumulated larger amounts of Na and Cl in the roots and had an increased transport of these elements to the leaves. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive carrot varieties differed in their ability to uptake and accumulate some elements, such as K, Mg, Zn, S, Cd, P and B, and this response was organ-specific. A selective uptake of K in the presence of high Na concentration was evident in the tolerant variety, and a high Na content in its leaves correlated with the expression of DcNHX4 gene, which was expressed in DLBA leaves only. JA application did not affect the growth of DLBA or DH1 plants. In the sensitive DH1 variety grown under salinity stress, JA induced changes in the mineral balance by limiting the uptake of the sum of all elements, especially Na and Cl, and by limiting Zn and Cd accumulation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fang H, Luo F, Li P, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Wei B, Cheng S, Zhou H, Ji S. Potential of jasmonic acid (JA) in accelerating postharvest yellowing of broccoli by promoting its chlorophyll degradation. Food Chem 2020; 309:125737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
26
|
Ho TT, Murthy HN, Park SY. Methyl Jasmonate Induced Oxidative Stress and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell and Organ Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030716. [PMID: 31979071 PMCID: PMC7037436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, plant secondary metabolites are considered as important sources of pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavours, cosmetics, and other industrial products. The accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cell and organ cultures often occurs when cultures are subjected to varied kinds of stresses including elicitors or signal molecules. Application of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) is responsible for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent defence mechanisms in cultured cells and organs. It is also responsible for the induction of signal transduction, the expression of many defence genes followed by the accumulation of secondary metabolites. In this review, the application of exogenous MJ elicitation strategies on the induction of defence mechanism and secondary metabolite accumulation in cell and organ cultures is introduced and discussed. The information presented here is useful for efficient large-scale production of plant secondary metabolites by the plant cell and organ cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam;
| | | | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-432-612-531
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathway in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020621. [PMID: 31963549 PMCID: PMC7013817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants as immovable organisms sense the stressors in their environment and respond to them by means of dedicated stress response pathways. In response to stress, jasmonates (jasmonic acid, its precursors and derivatives), a class of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived phytohormones, play crucial roles in several biotic and abiotic stresses. As the major immunity hormone, jasmonates participate in numerous signal transduction pathways, including those of gene networks, regulatory proteins, signaling intermediates, and proteins, enzymes, and molecules that act to protect cells from the toxic effects of abiotic stresses. As cellular hubs for integrating informational cues from the environment, jasmonates play significant roles in alleviating salt stress, drought stress, heavy metal toxicity, micronutrient toxicity, freezing stress, ozone stress, CO2 stress, and light stress. Besides these, jasmonates are involved in several developmental and physiological processes throughout the plant life. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of the JAs and the roles of these molecules in the plant responses to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen S, Lu X, Ge L, Sun X, Xin Z. Wound- and pathogen-activated de novo JA synthesis using different ACX isozymes in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 243:153047. [PMID: 31639538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX; EC 1.3.3.6) plays a vital role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes. We previously identified an herbivore-induced gene CsACX1 in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and showed CsACX1 was involved in the wound-induced synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). Here, another ACX gene CsACX3 was isolated from tea plant. CsACX3 was predicted to consist of 684 amino acid residues. CsACX3 can be induced by mechanical wounding, JA application, and infestation by the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua Prout and the tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. These expression patterns are consistent with the previously reported expression pattern of CsACX1 under such treatments. Recombinant CsACX3 showed preference for medium-chain acyl-coA oxidase substrates (C8- to C14-CoA). CsACX3 expression could also be induced by the infection of a pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cgl), and the increased ACX activities in tea plants were correlated with the Cgl-induced CsACX3 expression. Cgl could not induce the expression of CsACX1, which showed preference for C12- to C16-CoA substrates. The constitutive expression of CsACX3 rescued wound-induced JA biosynthesis and enhanced the Cgl-induced JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis mutant atacx1. However, constitutive expression of CsACX1 could not enhance the Cgl-induced JA biosynthesis in atacx1 plant. These results indicate that CsACX1 and CsACX3 functions overlap and have distinct roles in the wound- and pathogen-activated de novo JA synthesis via enzymatic routes that utilize different ACX isozymes in tea plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lingang Ge
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Zhaojun Xin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang B, Li M, Yuan Y, Liu S. Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis of the SABATH Gene Family in Arabidopsis and Rice. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319860864. [PMID: 31320793 PMCID: PMC6610438 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319860864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight metabolites are important plant hormones and signaling
molecules, and play an important part among the processes of plant development.
Their activities may also be affected by the chemical modifications of
methylation performed by SABATH. In this study, a total of 24 and 21 SABATH
genes in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively, were identified
and taken a comprehensive study. Phylogenetic analysis showed that
AtSABATH and OsSABATH genes could be
classified into 4 major groups and 6 subgroups. Gene expansion analysis showed
that the main expansion mechanism of SABATH gene family in
Arabidopsis and rice was tandem duplication and segmental
duplication. The ratios of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution
rates of 12 pairs paralogous of AtSABATH and
OsSABATH genes indicated that the SABATH gene family in
Arabidopsis and rice had gone through purifying selection.
Positive selection analysis with site models and branch-site models revealed
that AtSABATH and OsSABATH genes had undergone
selective pressure for adaptive evolution. Motif analysis showed that certain
motifs only existed in specific subgroups or species, which indicated that the
SABATH proteins of Arabidopsis and rice appear divergence in
different species and subgroups. Functional divergence analysis also suggested
that the AtSABATH and OsSABATH subgroup genes
had functional differences, and the positive selection sites which contributed
to functional divergence among subgroups were detected. These results provide
insights into functional conservation and diversification of SABATH gene family,
and are useful information for further elucidating SABATH gene family
functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Shaofang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Wei M, Liu A, Zhou R, Li D, Dossa K, Wang L, Zhang Y, Gong H, Zhang X, You J. Comparative proteomic analysis of two sesame genotypes with contrasting salinity tolerance in response to salt stress. J Proteomics 2019; 201:73-83. [PMID: 31009803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops and has high nutritional value. The yield and quality of sesame are severely affected by high salinity in coastal and semi-arid/arid regions. In this study, the phenotypic, physiological, and proteomic changes induced by salt treatment were analyzed in salt-tolerant (G441) and salt-sensitive (G358) seedlings. Phenotypic and physiological results indicated that G441 had an enhanced capacity to withstand salinity stress compared to G358. Proteomic analysis revealed a strong induction of salt-responsive protein species in sesame, mainly related to catalytic, hydrolase, oxidoreductase, and binding activities. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that more salt-responsive proteins in G441 were involved in tyrosine metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, carbon metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, photosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, G441 displayed unique differentially accumulated proteins in seedlings functioning as heat shock proteins, abscisic acid receptor PYL2-like, calcium-dependent protein kinases, serine/threonine-protein phosphatases, nucleoredoxin, and antioxidant enzymes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that some of the proteins were also regulated by salinity stress at the transcript level. Our findings provide important information on salinity responses in plants and may constitute useful resources for enhancing salinity tolerance in sesame. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified potential biological pathways and salt-responsive protein species related to transducing stress signals and scavenging reactive oxygen species under salt stress. These findings will provide possible participants/pathways/proteins that contribute to salt tolerance and may serve as the basis for improving salinity tolerance in sesame and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Mengyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Komivi Dossa
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; Centre d'Etude Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS), Route de Khombole, Thiès, BP 3320, Senegal
| | - Linhai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Huihui Gong
- Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xin Z, Chen S, Ge L, Li X, Sun X. The involvement of a herbivore-induced acyl-CoA oxidase gene, CsACX1, in the synthesis of jasmonic acid and its expression in flower opening in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:132-140. [PMID: 30529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes requires the action of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX; EC 1.3.3.6). Multiple isoforms of ACXs have been identified in various annual herbaceous plants, but the genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants are yet to be fully investigated. In this study, an ACX gene named CsACX1 (GeneBank accession: KX650077.1) was isolated from tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). CsACX1 was predicted to consist of 664 amino acid residues. Transcriptional analysis revealed that CsACX1 can be induced by mechanical wounding, JA application, and infestation by the tea geometrid Ectropis obliqua Prout and the tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. To further elucidate the function of CsACX1, it was heterologously expressed in a bacterial system and characterized. Recombinant CsACX1 showed preference for C12 ∼ C16-CoA substrates. The constitutive expression of CsACX1 can rescue wound-related JA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis mutant acx1. CsACX1 was expressed in different organs, predominantly in flowers. Notably, CsACX1 transcripts were detected up-regulated during flower opening, and the JA levels were correlated with CsACX1 expression. All these results enrich our knowledge of the regulatory pathway involved in the JA biosynthesis in tea, and helps further understand the defense mechanism of tea plant against insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Xin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Lingang Ge
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiwang Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu X, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lang D, Zhang X. The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:197-212. [PMID: 32172764 DOI: 10.1071/fp18106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to various stresses, which can degrade their health. The stresses can be alleviated by the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a hormone involved in plant signalling. MeJA induces synthesis of defensive compounds and initiates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes involved in systemic acquired resistance and local resistance. Thus, MeJA may be used against pathogens, salt stress, drought stress, low temperature, heavy metal stress and toxicities of other elements. The application of MeJA improves growth, induces the accumulation of active compounds, and affects endogenous hormones levels, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics in stressed plants. Furthermore, MeJA antagonises the adverse effects of osmotic stress by regulating inorganic penetrating ions or organic penetrants to suppress the absorption of toxic ions. MeJA also mitigates oxidative stress by activating antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stressed plants. For these reasons, we reviewed the use of exogenous MeJA in alleviating biotic (pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750 004, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xie Q, Yan F, Hu Z, Wei S, Lai J, Chen G. Accumulation of Anthocyanin and Its Associated Gene Expression in Purple Tumorous Stem Mustard ( Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee) Sprouts When Exposed to Light, Dark, Sugar, and Methyl Jasmonate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:856-866. [PMID: 30577694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumorous stem mustard is a characteristic vegetable in Southeast Asia, as are its sprouts. The purple color of the purple variety 'Zi Ying' leaves is because of anthocyanin accumulation. The ways in which this anthocyanin accumulation is affected by the environment and hormones has remained unclear. Here, the impacts of sucrose, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), light, and dark on the growth and anthocyanin production of 'Zi Ying' sprouts were explored. The results showed that anthocyanins can be enhanced by sucrose in sprouts under light condition, and MeJA can promote anthocyanins production under light and dark conditions in sprouts. The anthocyanin biosynthetic regulatory genes BjTT8, BjMYB1, BjMYB2 and BjMYB4, and the EBGs and LBGs were upregulated under light conditions, while BjTT8, BjMYB1, and BjMYB2 and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes BjF3H and BjF3'H were upregulated under DM condition. These results indicate that sucrose and methyl jasmonate can stimulate the expression of genes encoding components of the MBW complex (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) and that they transcriptional activated the expression of LBGs and EBGs to promote the accumulation of anthocyanins in 'Zi Ying' sprouts. Our findings enhance our understanding of anthocyanin accumulation regulated by sucrose and MeJA in 'Zi Ying', which will help growers to produce anthocyanin-rich foods with benefits to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Xie
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Bioengineering College, Campus B , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Jianghua Lai
- Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry for Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Health Science Center , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Bioengineering College, Campus B , Chongqing University , 174 Shapingba Main Street , Chongqing 400030 , China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Akan S, Tuna Gunes N, Yanmaz R. Methyl jasmonate and low temperature can help for keeping some physicochemical quality parameters in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves. Food Chem 2019; 270:546-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
35
|
Um TY, Lee HY, Lee S, Chang SH, Chung PJ, Oh KB, Kim JK, Jang G, Choi YD. Jasmonate Zim-Domain Protein 9 Interacts With Slender Rice 1 to Mediate the Antagonistic Interaction Between Jasmonic and Gibberellic Acid Signals in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1866. [PMID: 30619427 PMCID: PMC6305323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathways interact to coordinate stress responses and developmental processes. This coordination affects plant growth and yield, and is mediated by interactions between the repressors of each pathway, the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN (JAZ) and DELLA proteins. In this study we attempted to identify rice (Oryza sativa) JAZs that interact with rice DELLAs such as SLENDER RICE 1 (SLR1). Analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that OsJAZ8 and OsJAZ9 interact with SLR1; OsJAZ9 also interacted with the SLR1-LIKE (SLRL) protein SLRL2. Based on this broader interaction, we explored the function of OsJAZ9 in JA and GA responses by analyzing transcript levels of the JA-responsive gene OsbHLH148 and the GA-responsive gene OsPIL14 in OsJAZ9-overexpressing (OsJAZ9-Ox) and osjaz9 mutant plants. OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14 encode key transcription factors controlling JA and GA responses, respectively, and JA and GA antagonistically regulate their expression. In OsJAZ9-Ox, the expression of OsbHLH148 was downregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was upregulated. By contrast, in osjaz9 mutants, the expression of OsbHLH148 was upregulated and the expression of OsPIL14 was downregulated. These observations indicated that OsJAZ9 regulates both JA and GA responses in rice, and this finding was supported by the opposite expression patterns of OsDREB1s, downstream targets of OsbHLH148 and OsPIL14, in the OsJAZ9-Ox and osjaz9 plants. Together, these findings indicate that OsJAZ9 suppresses JA responses and promotes GA responses in rice, and the protein-protein interaction between OsJAZ9 and SLR1 is involved in the antagonistic interplay between JA and GA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Young Um
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Yong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangyool Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Hyun Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pil Joong Chung
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bedini A, Mercy L, Schneider C, Franken P, Lucic-Mercy E. Unraveling the Initial Plant Hormone Signaling, Metabolic Mechanisms and Plant Defense Triggering the Endomycorrhizal Symbiosis Behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1800. [PMID: 30619390 PMCID: PMC6304697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish probably one of the oldest mutualistic relationships with the roots of most plants on earth. The wide distribution of these fungi in almost all soil ecotypes and the broad range of host plant species demonstrate their strong plasticity to cope with various environmental conditions. AM fungi elaborate fine-tuned molecular interactions with plants that determine their spread within root cortical tissues. Interactions with endomycorrhizal fungi can bring various benefits to plants, such as improved nutritional status, higher photosynthesis, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses based on regulation of many physiological processes which participate in promoting plant performances. In turn, host plants provide a specific habitat as physical support and a favorable metabolic frame, allowing uptake and assimilation of compounds required for the life cycle completion of these obligate biotrophic fungi. The search for formal and direct evidences of fungal energetic needs raised strong motivated projects since decades, but the impossibility to produce AM fungi under axenic conditions remains a deep enigma and still feeds numerous debates. Here, we review and discuss the initial favorable and non-favorable metabolic plant context that may fate the mycorrhizal behavior, with a focus on hormone interplays and their links with mitochondrial respiration, carbon partitioning and plant defense system, structured according to the action of phosphorus as a main limiting factor for mycorrhizal symbiosis. Then, we provide with models and discuss their significances to propose metabolic targets that could allow to develop innovations for the production and application of AM fungal inocula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philipp Franken
- Department of Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau Großbeeren/Erfurt, Großbeeren, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Martins V, Garcia A, Costa C, Sottomayor M, Gerós H. Calcium- and hormone-driven regulation of secondary metabolism and cell wall enzymes in grape berry cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:57-67. [PMID: 30218930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of calcium sprays for improving fleshy fruit resistance to abiotic/biotic stress and enhancement of fruit shelf life has increasingly been explored. However, because calcium is a powerful secondary messenger in many signaling pathways, including those driven by abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates, it may interfere with the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites highly important for fruit and wine quality, such as phenolic compounds. In this study, a combination of biochemical and molecular biology approaches were applied to grape cell cultures and detached grape berries, in order to investigate the effect of calcium in the modulation of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and in cell wall organization. Concentrations up to 10 mM CaCl2 did not affect cell growth, size or viability, but triggered modifications in total phenolics content, particularly in anthocyanin levels in grape cell suspensions. The effects of calcium applied alone or in combination with ABA or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were visible in several branches of specialized metabolic pathways, confirming that the calcium-hormone interplay regulates the expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), stilbene synthase (STS), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT). The activity of PAL and UFGT enzymes was also specifically modulated by calcium, ABA and MeJA. These results closely correlated to the modifications observed in the expression of VvAM1 and VvABCC1 encoding vacuolar anthocyanin transporters. Modulation of the expression and activity of pectin methyl esterases (PME) and polygalacturonases (PG) by calcium was also evident, confirming an important role of calcium in cell wall organization via the regulation of enzyme activity, besides its well-known role in the formation of cross links between pectin molecules. Overall, this study uncovers important biochemical mechanisms induced by calcium and stress hormones on grape berries, and highlights the need to consider the consequences of calcium treatments and stress for fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Martins
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas CITAB-UM, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Ana Garcia
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana Sottomayor
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental (CBMA), Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-ambientais e Biológicas CITAB-UM, Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Centro de Engenharia Biológica (CEB), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Puentes A, Högberg KA, Björklund N, Nordlander G. Novel Avenues for Plant Protection: Plant Propagation by Somatic Embryogenesis Enhances Resistance to Insect Feeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1553. [PMID: 30420863 PMCID: PMC6217029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), a clonal propagation method utilizing somatic cells, occurs under conditions that activate plant stress adaptation mechanisms such as production of protective secondary metabolites. Surprisingly, possible differences in susceptibility to insect pests between SE-generated and conventionally cultivated plants have not been previously explored. Here, we recorded frequencies and levels of bark-feeding damage by pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) in two large field trials, consisting of emblings (SE-propagated plants) and seedlings from 50 half-sib Norway spruce (Picea abies) families. We found that emblings were less frequently attacked by pine weevils, and when attacked, they were damaged to a lesser extent than seedlings. Moreover, we detected significant additive genetic variation in damage levels received by plants, indicating a heritable component to differences in resistance to insect herbivory among half-sib families. We present first-time evidence that emblings can be more resistant than seedlings to herbivorous insect damage, thus, SE appears to confer a previously unknown plant protection advantage. This finding indicates novel avenues to explore mechanisms underlying plant resistance and new approaches to develop non-toxic measures against insect pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Puentes
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Björklund
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Nordlander
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chakraborty N, Basak J. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate induces defense response and develops tolerance against mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in Vigna mungo. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 46:69-81. [PMID: 30939259 DOI: 10.1071/fp18168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper is an economically important leguminous crop in south-east Asia. However, its production is severely affected by Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV). It is well established that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is effective in inducing resistance against pathogens in several plants. To assess the role of MeJA in developing MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo, we analysed time-dependent biochemical and molecular responses of MYMIV susceptible V. mungo after exogenous application of different MeJA concentrations, followed by MYMIV infection. Our analysis revealed that exogenous application of different concentrations of MeJA resulted in decreased levels of malondialdehyde with higher membrane stability index values in MYMIV susceptible V. mungo, suggesting the protective role of MeJA through restoring the membrane stability. Moreover, the level of expression of different antioxidative enzymes revealed that exogenous MeJA is also very effective in ROS homeostasis maintenance. Enhanced expressions of the defence marker genes lipoxygenase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the reduced expression of the MYMIV coat-protein encoding gene in all MeJA treated plants post MYMIV infection revealed that exogenous application of MeJA is effective for MYMIV tolerance in V. mungo. Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of MYMIV tolerance in Vigna induced by MeJA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Jolly Basak
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Roles of C-Repeat Binding Factors-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Jasmonates-Mediated Improvement of Chilling Tolerance of Postharvest Horticultural Commodities. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8517018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C-repeat binding factor- (CBF-) dependent signaling pathway is proposed to be a key responder to low temperature stress in plant. Jasmonates (JAs), the endogenous signal molecules in plant, participate in plant defense against (a)biotic stresses; however, the mechanism has not been fully clarified so far. With the progress made in JAs biopathway, signal transduction, and their relationship with CBF-dependent signaling pathway, our knowledge of the roles of the CBF-dependent signaling pathway in JAs-mediated improvement of chilling tolerance accumulates. In this review, we firstly briefly review the chilling injury (CI) characteristics of postharvest horticultural commodities, then introduce the biopathway and signal transduction of JAs, subsequently summarize the roles of the CBF-dependent signaling pathway under low temperature stress, and finally describe the linkage between JAs signal transduction and the CBF-dependent signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
41
|
Genome-Wide Comprehensive Analysis the Molecular Phylogenetic Evaluation and Tissue-Specific Expression of SABATH Gene Family in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120365. [PMID: 29206198 PMCID: PMC5748683 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant SABATH gene family is a group of O-methyltransferases (O-MTs), which belongs to the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferases (SAM-MTs). The resulting reaction products of SABATH genes play an important role in various processes of plant development. In this study, a total of 30 SABATH genes were detected in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is an important medicinal plant, widely used to treat cardiovascular disease. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses showed that SmSABATH genes could be classified into three groups. The ratios of non-synonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates of 11 pairs paralogous of SmSABATH genes revealed that the SmSABATH genes had gone through purifying selection. Positive selection analyses using site models and branch-site models indicated that SmSABATH genes had undergone selective pressure for adaptive evolution. Functional divergence analyses suggested that the SmSABATH subgroup genes were divergent in terms of functions and positive selection sites that contributed to a functional divergence among the subgroups that were detected. Tissue-specific expression showed that the SABATH gene family in S. miltiorrhiza was primarily expressed in stems and leaves.
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Zheng C, Cai C, Wang Q, Wu CA. Salt and methyl jasmonate aggravate growth inhibition and senescence in Arabidopsis seedlings via the JA signaling pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 261:1-9. [PMID: 28554688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of salinity or jasmonic acid (JA) in plant growth and senescence. This study evaluated how the combination of salinity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (SaM) worked as a novel stress and then regulated plant growth in Arabidopsis. Firstly, we found that compared with MeJA or NaCl treatment alone, SaM would significantly intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence in wild-type (WT) seedlings, and these phenotypes could be partially compromised after SaM stress in JA-insensitive mutants. Meanwhile, genes involved in JA signaling and Senescence Associated Gene 13 (SAG13) were dramatically increased by SaM stress than that by MeJA or NaCl alone in WT. Moreover, a group of secondary metabolite - indolic glucosinolates (IGs) showed obvious over-accumulation after SaM treatment than that after each single one in WT, and the seedlings treated with IGs' metabolites performed similar inhibited growth and chlorotic leaves phenotypes compared with those caused by SaM stress. All these indicated the toxicity of IGs and their metabolites would prevent the growth progress of plants. Therefore, we concluded that SaM worked as a novel stress and intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence, which was dependent on JA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang-Ai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu X, Yu W, Zhang X, Wang G, Cao F, Cheng H. Identification and expression analysis under abiotic stress of the R2R3- MYB genes in Ginkgo biloba L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:503-516. [PMID: 28878490 PMCID: PMC5567697 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB gene family is the largest MYB subfamily in plants and is involved in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism and specific morphogenesis, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, a systematic identification and characterization of this gene family has not been carried out in Ginkgo biloba. In this study, we performed a transcriptome-wide survey from four tissues of G. biloba to determine the genetic variation and expression pattern of the R2R3-MYB genes. We analyzed 45 GbMYBs and identified 42 with a complete coding sequence via conserved motif searches. The MYB domain and other motifs in GbMYBs are highly conserved with Arabidopsis thaliana AtMYBs. Phylogenetic analysis of the GbMYBs and AtMYBs categorized the R2R3-MYBs into 26 subgroups, of which 11 subgroups included proteins from both G. biloba and Arabidopsis, and 1 subgroup was specific to G. biloba. Moreover, the GbMYBs expression patterns were analyzed in different tissues and abiotic stress conditions. The results revealed that GbMYBs were differentially expressed in various tissues and following abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments, indicating their possible roles in biological processes and abiotic stress tolerance and adaptation. Our study demonstrated the functional diversity of the GbMYBs and will provide a foundation for future research into their biological and molecular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, 330032 China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources of Hubei Key Laboratories, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Akram NA, Shafiq F, Ashraf M. Ascorbic Acid-A Potential Oxidant Scavenger and Its Role in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:613. [PMID: 28491070 PMCID: PMC5405147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under stress conditions is a common phenomenon. Plants tend to counter this problem through their ability to synthesize ROS neutralizing substances including non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. In this context, ascorbic acid (AsA) is one of the universal non-enzymatic antioxidants having substantial potential of not only scavenging ROS, but also modulating a number of fundamental functions in plants both under stress and non-stress conditions. In the present review, the role of AsA, its biosynthesis, and cross-talk with different hormones have been discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the possible involvement of AsA-hormone crosstalk in the regulation of several key physiological and biochemical processes like seed germination, photosynthesis, floral induction, fruit expansion, ROS regulation and senescence has also been described. A simplified and schematic AsA biosynthetic pathway has been drawn, which reflects key intermediates involved therein. This could pave the way for future research to elucidate the modulation of plant AsA biosynthesis and subsequent responses to environmental stresses. Apart from discussing the role of different ascorbate peroxidase isoforms, the comparative role of two key enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) involved in AsA metabolism in plant cell apoplast is also discussed particularly focusing on oxidative stress perception and amplification. Limited progress has been made so far in terms of developing transgenics which could over-produce AsA. The prospects of generation of transgenics overexpressing AsA related genes and exogenous application of AsA have been discussed at length in the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nudrat A. Akram
- Department of Botany, Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University FaisalabadFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
A putative 12-oxophytodienoate reductase gene CsOPR3 from Camellia sinensis, is involved in wound and herbivore infestation responses. Gene 2017; 615:18-24. [PMID: 28322995 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
12-Oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), which plays an important role in plant defense responses. Although multiple isoforms of OPRs have been identified in various annual herbaceous plants, genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants have yet to be fully investigated. In the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.), no OPR genes have been isolated, and their possible roles in tea plant development and defense mechanism remain unknown. In this study, a putative OPR gene, designated as CsOPR3, was isolated from tea plants for the first time through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The open reading frame of CsOPR3 is 1197bp in length, and encodes a protein of 398 amino acids. Real-time qPCR analysis revealed that CsOPR3 was expressed in different organs. In particular, CsOPR3 was highly expressed in flowers, leaves and stems but was weakly expressed in roots and seeds. CsOPR3 expression could be rapidly induced by mechanical wounding, and increased JA levels were correlated with the wound-induced CsOPR3 expression. The infestation of the tea geometrid (TG) Ectropis obliqua Prout, regurgitant derived from TG and exogenous JA application could enhance the CsOPR3 expression. Our study is the first to report that CsOPR3 plays an important role in JA biosynthesis and tea plant defense against herbivorous insects.
Collapse
|
46
|
Islam J, Zaman K, Duarah S, Raju PS, Chattopadhyay P. Mosquito repellents: An insight into the chronological perspectives and novel discoveries. Acta Trop 2017; 167:216-230. [PMID: 28040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito being the major medically important arthropod vector; requires utmost attention to reduce the sufferings and economic consequences of those living in the endemic regions. This is only possible by minimising the human-mosquito contact by an absolute preventing measure. However, unfortunately, such absolute measures are yet to be developed despite enormous efforts and huge investments worldwide. In the absence of vaccines for number of mosquito-borne diseases, repellents could be an attractive option for both military personal and civilians to minimise the risk of contacting different mosquito-borne diseases. However, to achieve this golden goal, the detailed knowledge of a particular repellent is must, including its mode of repellency and other relevant informations. Here, in the present article, an effort has been made to convey the best and latest information on repellents in order to enhance the knowledge of scientific community. The review offers an overview on mosquito repellents, the novel discoveries, and areas in need of attention such as novel repellent formulations and their future prospective.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang R, Qi H, Sun Y, Xiao S, Lim BL. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana containing increased levels of ATP and sucrose is more susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171040. [PMID: 28152090 PMCID: PMC5289510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance exerts a fitness cost on plants, presumably due to the extra consumption of energy and carbon. In this study, we examined whether transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana with increased levels of ATP and sucrose is more resistant or susceptible to pathogen infection. Lines of A. thaliana over-expressing purple acid phosphatase 2 (AtPAP2) (OE lines) contain increased levels of ATP and sucrose, with improved growth rate and seed production. Compared to wild type (WT) and pap2 lines, the OE lines were more susceptible to several Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strains carrying AvrRpm1, AvrRpt2 AvrRps4, AvrPtoB, HrcC and WT strain DC3000. The increased susceptibility of the OE lines to Pst strains cannot solely be attributed to the suppressed expression of R-genes but must also be attributed to the suppression of downstream signaling components, such as MOS2, EDS1 and EDS5. Before infection, the levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) precursor OPDA were similar in the leaves of OE, pap2 and WT plants, whereas the levels of JA and its derivative JA-Ile were significantly lower in the leaves of OE lines and higher in the pap2 line. The expression of JA marker defense gene PDF1.2 was up-regulated in the OE lines compared to the WT prior to Pst DC3000 infection, but its expression was lower in the OE lines after infection. In summary, high fitness Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited altered JA metabolism and broad suppression of R-genes and downstream genes as well as a higher susceptibility to Pst infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu X, Gong Q, Ni X, Zhou Y, Gao Z. UFGT: The Key Enzyme Associated with the Petals Variegation in Japanese Apricot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:108. [PMID: 28223989 PMCID: PMC5293763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.) is an important ornamental plant in China. One of the traits of petals color variegation is attractive, but its formation mechanism is unclear. In our study, RNA-seq technology was employed to characterize the transcriptome response to the mutation of "Fuban Tiaozhi" associated with petals variegation in Japanese apricot. As a result, 4,579,040 (white-flowered, WF) and 7,269,883 (red-flowered, RF) reads were mapped to P. persica genes, while 5,006,676 (WF) and 7,907,436 (RF) were mapped to P. persica genomes. There were 960 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified. Gene ontology analysis showed that these genes involved in 37 functional groups including 19 biological processes, 10 cellular components and eight molecular functions. Pathway enrichment annotation demonstrated that highly ranked genes were associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis, anthocyanins transports, plant hormone signal transduction, and transcriptional factors. The expression patterns part of them were validated by qRT-PCR. We found that UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene showed differential expression pattern. The UFGT enzyme activities in RF had a significantly higher than that of WF and lower in the initial stage and increased when the red appeared in the petals, which is identical to the accumulation of anthocyanins. And we also validated the SNPs, leading to the nonsynonymous mutations, in the UFGT by Sanger sequencing which may affect the enzyme activity. In summary, our results provide molecular candidates for better understanding the mechanisms of the variegation in Japanese Apricot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Gong
- The Administration Bureau of Sun Yat-sen's MausoleumNanjing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihong Gao
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cao J, Li M, Chen J, Liu P, Li Z. Effects of MeJA on Arabidopsis metabolome under endogenous JA deficiency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37674. [PMID: 27883040 PMCID: PMC5121592 DOI: 10.1038/srep37674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and defense. Comprehensive metabolomics profiling of plants under JA treatment provides insights into the interaction and regulation network of plant hormones. Here we applied high resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach on Arabidopsis wild type and JA synthesis deficiency mutant opr3. The effects of exogenous MeJA treatment on the metabolites of opr3 were investigated. More than 10000 ion signals were detected and more than 2000 signals showed significant variation in different genotypes and treatment groups. Multivariate statistic analyses (PCA and PLS-DA) were performed and a differential compound library containing 174 metabolites with high resolution precursor ion-product ions pairs was obtained. Classification and pathway analysis of 109 identified compounds in this library showed that glucosinolates and tryptophan metabolism, amino acids and small peptides metabolism, lipid metabolism, especially fatty acyls metabolism, were impacted by endogenous JA deficiency and exogenous MeJA treatment. These results were further verified by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of 21 related genes involved in the metabolism of glucosinolates, tryptophan and α-linolenic acid pathways. The results would greatly enhance our understanding of the biological functions of JA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
A pivotal role of the jasmonic acid signal pathway in mediating radiation-induced bystander effects in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutat Res 2016; 791-792:1-9. [PMID: 27497090 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) in Arabidopsis thaliana have been well demonstrated in vivo, little is known about their underlying mechanisms, particularly with regard to the participating signaling molecules and signaling pathways. In higher plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive derivatives are well accepted as systemic signal transducers that are produced in response to various environmental stresses. It is therefore speculated that the JA signal pathway might play a potential role in mediating radiation-induced bystander signaling of root-to-shoot. In the present study, pretreatment of seedlings with Salicylhydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of lipoxigenase (LOX) in JA biosynthesis, significantly suppressed RIBE-mediated expression of the AtRAD54 gene. After root irradiation, the aerial parts of A. thaliana mutants deficient in JA biosynthesis (aos) and signaling cascades (jar1-1) showed suppressed induction of the AtRAD54 and AtRAD51 genes and TSI and 180-bp repeats, which have been extensively used as endpoints of bystander genetic and epigenetic effects in plants. These results suggest an involvement of the JA signal pathway in the RIBE of plants. Using the root micro-grafting technique, the JA signal pathway was shown to participate in both the generation of bystander signals in irradiated root cells and radiation responses in the bystander aerial parts of plants. The over-accumulation of endogenous JA in mutant fatty acid oxygenation up-regulated 2 (fou2), in which mutation of the Two Pore Channel 1 (TPC1) gene up-regulates expression of the LOX and allene oxide synthase (AOS) genes, inhibited RIBE-mediated expression of the AtRAD54 gene, but up-regulated expression of the AtKU70 and AtLIG4 genes in the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. Considering that NHEJ is employed by plants with increased DNA damage, the switch from HR to NHEJ suggests that over-accumulation of endogenous JA might enhance the radiosensitivity of plants in terms of RIBE.
Collapse
|