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Liu F, Liu Q, Wu JH, Wang ZQ, Geng YJ, Li J, Zhang Y, Li S. Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase 8 and its functional homolog in tomato negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal movement and drought tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2396-2409. [PMID: 38516697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is critical for water transpiration, gas exchange, and responses to biotic stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure to prevent water loss during drought. We report that Arabidopsis CIPK8 negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal closure and drought tolerance. CIPK8 is highly enriched in guard cells and transcriptionally induced by ABA. Functional loss of CIPK8 results in hypersensitive stomatal closure to ABA and enhanced drought tolerance. Guard cell-specific downregulation of CIPK8 mimics the phenotype of cipk8 whereas guard cell-specific expression of a constitutive active CIPK8 (CIPK8CA) has an opposite effect, suggesting a cell autonomous activity of CIPK8. CIPK8 physically interacts with CBL1 and CBL9. Functional loss of CBL1 and CBL9 mimics ABA-hypersensitive stomatal closure of cipk8 whereas abolishes the effect of CIPK8CA, indicating that CIPK8 and CBL1/CBL9 form a genetic module in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. SlCIPK7, the functional homolog of CIPK8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), plays a similar role in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. Genomic editing of SlCIPK7 results in more drought-tolerant tomato, making it a good candidate for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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2
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Licaj I, Fiorillo A, Di Meo MC, Varricchio E, Rocco M. Effect of Polyethylene Glycol-Simulated Drought Stress on Stomatal Opening in "Modern" and "Ancient" Wheat Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1575. [PMID: 38891383 PMCID: PMC11174684 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to an increase in the intensity, duration, and frequency of severe droughts, especially in southern and southeastern Europe, thus aggravating water scarcity problems. Water deficit stress harms the growth, physiology, and yield of crops like durum wheat. Hence, studying ancient wheat varieties' stress responses could help identify genetic traits to enhance crop tolerance to environmental stresses. In this background, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PEG 6000-stimulated drought stress in the ancient wheat variety Saragolla and the modern one Svevo by analyzing various biochemical and molecular parameters that can especially condition the stomatal movement. Our data revealed that drought stress caused a significant increase in the levels of total soluble sugars, ABA, and IAA in both selected cultivars to a greater extent in the Saragolla than in the Svevo. We demonstrated that, under water deficit stress, calcium dynamics as well as the expression of ERF109, MAPK3/6, MYB60, and TaTPC1, involved in the activation of drought-related calcium-sensitive pathways, display significant differences between the two varieties. Therefore, our study provided further evidence regarding the ability of the ancient wheat variety Saragolla to better cope with drought stress compared to the modern variety Svevo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Licaj
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Anna Fiorillo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (I.L.); (M.C.D.M.); (E.V.)
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3
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Geilfus CM, Zörb C, Jones JJ, Wimmer MA, Schmöckel SM. Water for agriculture: more crop per drop. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:499-507. [PMID: 38773740 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Global crop production in agriculture depends on water availability. Future scenarios predict increasing occurrence of flash floods and rapidly developing droughts accompanied by heatwaves in humid regions that rely on rain-fed agriculture. It is challenging to maintain high crop yields, even in arid and drought-prone regions that depend on irrigation. The average water demand of crops varies significantly, depending on plant species, development stage, and climate. Most crops, such as maize and wheat, require relatively more water during the vegetative phase compared to the ripening phase. In this review, we explain WUE and options to improve water use and thus crop yield. Nutrient management might represent another possibility to manipulate water uptake and use by plants. An emerging topic involves agroforest co-cultivation, where trees in the system facilitate water transfer through hydraulic lift, benefiting neighbouring crops. Other options to enhance crop yield per water use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Geilfus
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Wimmer
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Zhao M, Li M, Huang M, Liang C, Chen D, Hwang I, Zhang W, Wang M. The cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK4 contributes to the different drought stress response between Columbia and Landsberg erecta. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3258-3272. [PMID: 37427814 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The natural variation between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler) strongly affects abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and drought tolerance. Here, we report that the cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase CRK4 is involved in regulating ABA signalling, which contributes to the differences in drought stress tolerance between Col-0 and Ler-0. Loss-of-function crk4 mutants in the Col-0 background were less drought tolerant than Col-0, whereas overexpressing CRK4 in the Ler-0 background partially to completely restored the drought-sensitive phenotype of Ler-0. F1 plants derived from a cross between the crk4 mutant and Ler-0 showed an ABA-insensitive phenotype with respect to stomatal movement, along with reduced drought tolerance like Ler-0. We demonstrate that CRK4 interacts with the U-box E3 ligase PUB13 and enhances its abundance, thus promoting the degradation of ABA-INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1), a negative regulator of ABA signalling. Together, these findings reveal an important regulatory mechanism for modulating ABI1 levels by the CRK4-PUB13 module to fine-tune drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengdan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaochao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Zhang F, Wang B, Lu F, Zhang X. Rotating Stomata Measurement Based on Anchor-Free Object Detection and Stomata Conductance Calculation. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0106. [PMID: 37817885 PMCID: PMC10561978 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play an essential role in regulating water and carbon dioxide levels in plant leaves, which is important for photosynthesis. Previous deep learning-based plant stomata detection methods are based on horizontal detection. The detection anchor boxes of deep learning model are horizontal, while the angle of stomata is randomized, so it is not possible to calculate stomata traits directly from the detection anchor boxes. Additional processing of image (e.g., rotating image) is required before detecting stomata and calculating stomata traits. This paper proposes a novel approach, named DeepRSD (deep learning-based rotating stomata detection), for detecting rotating stomata and calculating stomata basic traits at the same time. Simultaneously, the stomata conductance loss function is introduced in the DeepRSD model training, which improves the efficiency of stomata detection and conductance calculation. The experimental results demonstrate that the DeepRSD model reaches 94.3% recognition accuracy for stomata of maize leaf. The proposed method can help researchers conduct large-scale studies on stomata morphology, structure, and stomata conductance models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing,
Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing,
Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fuhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement,
Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinhong Zhang
- School of Software,
Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Sun L, Zhang P, Liu F, Ju Q, Xu J. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed the phytotoxicity of perfluorobutane sulfonate. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107646. [PMID: 36410239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) has oily and hydrophobic characteristics similar to those of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), which is an environmental organic pollutant and has gradually become the main substitute for PFOS in industry. Several studies have revealed the potential toxicity of PFBS in animals. PFBS can be taken up and accumulate in plants; however, whether and how PFBS affects plant growth remain largely unclear. A low concentration of PFBS did not affect plant growth, indicating that it had higher environmental safety than other perfluorinated compounds; however, a high concentration of PFBS (>1 mM) markedly inhibited primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Subsequently, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth mediated by high concentrations of PFBS. First, a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that PFBS altered the expression of genes associated with phytohormone signaling pathways. Combining physio-biochemical and genetic analyses, we next demonstrated that PFBS reduced the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and disrupted the two signaling pathways in plants, finally inhibiting root growth. Moreover, a high concentration of PFBS also inhibited photosynthesis by comprehensively repressing the expression of genes related to the Calvin cycle and the photosynthetic apparatus. Such an understanding is helpful for elucidating the phytotoxicity of PFBS and provides a new strategy for toxicology research on organic pollutants in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Qiong Ju
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.
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7
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MdPP2C24/37, Protein Phosphatase Type 2Cs from Apple, Interact with MdPYL2/12 to Negatively Regulate ABA Signaling in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214375. [PMID: 36430851 PMCID: PMC9696740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in the ability of plants to cope with drought stress. As core members of the ABA signaling pathway, protein phosphatase type 2Cs (PP2Cs) have been reported in many species. However, the functions of MdPP2Cs in apple (Malus domestica) are unclear. In this study, we identified two PP2C-encoding genes, MdPP2C24/37, with conserved PP2C catalytic domains, using sequence alignment. The nucleus-located MdPP2C24/37 genes were induced by ABA or mannitol in apple. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of MdPP2C24/37 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to plant insensitivity to ABA or mannitol treatment, in terms of inhibiting seed germination and overall seedling establishment. The expression of stress marker genes was upregulated in MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines. At the same time, MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines displayed inhibited ABA-mediated stomatal closure, which led to higher water loss rates. Moreover, when exposed to drought stress, chlorophyll levels decreased and MDA and H2O2 levels accumulated in the MdPP2C24/37 transgenic lines. Further, MdPP2C24/37 interacted with MdPYL2/12 in vitro and vivo. The results indicate that MdPP2C24/37 act as negative regulators in response to ABA-mediated drought resistance.
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8
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Liang C, Li C, Wu J, Zhao M, Chen D, Liu C, Chu J, Zhang W, Hwang I, Wang M. SORTING NEXIN2 proteins mediate stomatal movement and the response to drought stress by modulating trafficking and protein levels of the ABA exporter ABCG25. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1603-1618. [PMID: 35384109 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates ion channel activity and stomatal movement in response to drought stress. Cellular ABA levels change depending on cellular and environmental conditions via modulation of its biosynthesis, catabolism and transport. Although factors involved in ABA biosynthesis and degradation have been studied extensively, how ABA transporters are modulated to fine-tune ABA levels, especially under drought stress, remains elusive. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana SORTING NEXIN 2 (SNX2) proteins play a critical role in endosomal trafficking of the ABA exporter ATP BINDING CASETTE G25 (ABCG25) via direct interaction at endosomes, leading to its degradation in the vacuole. In agreement, snx2a and snx2b mutant plants showed enhanced recycling of GFP-ABCG25 from early endosomes to the plasma membrane and higher accumulation of GFP-ABCG25. Phenotypically, snx2a and snx2b plants were highly sensitive to exogenous ABA and displayed enhanced ABA-mediated inhibition of inward K+ currents and ABA-mediated activation of slow anion currents in guard cells, resulting in an increased tolerance to drought stress. Based on these results, we propose that SNX2 proteins play a crucial role in stomatal movement and tolerance to drought stress by modulating the endosomal trafficking of ABCG25 and thus cellular ABA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Hu L, Wu Y, Tang Z, Xiao X, Lyu J, Xie J, Yu J. Green Light Partial Replacement of Red and Blue Light Improved Drought Tolerance by Regulating Water Use Efficiency in Cucumber Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:878932. [PMID: 35712603 PMCID: PMC9194611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.878932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental signals in plant growth, development, and stress response. Green light has been proved to enhance plant defense against biotic and/or abiotic stress. To illustrate the effects of green light partially replaced red light and blue light on the plant under drought condition, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xinchun No. 4) seedlings were treated with short-term drought stress and were concomitantly exposed to four treatments, which were set up by adjusting the relative amount of green light as 0 (RB), 25 (RBG25), 50 (RBG50), and 75 (RBG75) μmol m-2 s-1, respectively, with a total photosynthetic photon flux density of 250 μmol m-2 s-1 and a fixed red-to-blue ratio of 4:1. The results showed that compared with RB, RBG50 significantly increased shoot fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), root DW, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) by 10.61, 7.69, 66.13, 6.22, 10.02, 4.10, and 12.41%, respectively. Also, the addition of green light significantly increased the root volume and root tip number. Moreover, green light partial replacement of red light and blue light increased total water content, especially free water content, improved leaf water status, and alleviated water loss in plants caused by drought stress. Also, the addition of green light increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), reduced both stomata conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E), enhanced the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous water-use efficiency (iWUE) of leaves, and increased the content of chlorophylls a and b. Green light substituting a proportion of blue and red light regulated stomatal aperture by significantly increasing abscisic acid (ABA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content. In addition, the increase of GABA was resulted from the upregulation of Glutamate Decarboxylase 2 (CsGAD2). However, the relative electrolytic leakage and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion ( O 2 - ), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vigorously decreased as the intensity of green light was added to the spectrum under drought. Conclusively, green light partially replaced red light and blue light and improved drought tolerance of cucumber seedlings by upregulating the expression of CsGAD2 gene and promoting the synthesis of GABA. The increase in GABA content further downregulated the expression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 (CsALMT9) gene, induced stomata to close, improved water utilization, and alleviated damage caused by drought. This study highlights a role of green light in plant physiological processes. Moreover, analyzing the function of green light on improving drought tolerance of plants could open alternative avenues for improving plant stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Basic Experiment Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Deepika D, Poddar N, Kumar S, Singh A. Molecular Characterization Reveals the Involvement of Calcium Dependent Protein Kinases in Abiotic Stress Signaling and Development in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831265. [PMID: 35498712 PMCID: PMC9039462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are a major group of calcium (Ca2+) sensors in plants. CDPKs play a dual function of "Ca2+ sensor and responder." These sensors decode the "Ca2+ signatures" generated in response to adverse growth conditions such as drought, salinity, and cold and developmental processes. However, knowledge of the CDPK family in the legume crop chickpea is missing. Here, we have identified a total of 22 CDPK genes in the chickpea genome. The phylogenetic analysis of the chickpea CDPK family with other plants revealed their evolutionary conservation. Protein homology modeling described the three-dimensional structure of chickpea CDPKs. Defined arrangements of α-helix, β-strands, and transmembrane-helix represent important structures like kinase domain, inhibitory junction domain, N and C-lobes of EF-hand motifs. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that CaCDPK proteins are localized mainly at the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Most of the CaCDPK promoters had abiotic stress and development-related cis-regulatory elements, suggesting the functional role of CaCDPKs in abiotic stress and development-related signaling. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) expression analysis indicated the role of the CaCDPK family in various developmental stages, including vegetative, reproductive development, senescence stages, and during seed stages of early embryogenesis, late embryogenesis, mid and late seed maturity. The real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that several CaCDPK genes are specifically as well as commonly induced by drought, salt, and Abscisic acid (ABA). Overall, these findings indicate that the CDPK family is probably involved in abiotic stress responses and development in chickpeas. This study provides crucial information on the CDPK family that will be utilized in generating abiotic stress-tolerant and high-yielding chickpea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Stress Signaling Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Poddar
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Bioinformatics Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Stress Signaling Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
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12
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Li J, Feng X, Xie J. A simple method for the application of exogenous phytohormones to the grass leaf base protodermal zone to improve grass leaf epidermis development research. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:128. [PMID: 34903247 PMCID: PMC8667372 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaf epidermis functions to prevent the loss of water and reduce gas exchange. As an interface between the plant and its external environment, it helps prevent damage, making it an attractive system for studying cell fate and development. In monocotyledons, the leaf epidermis grows from the basal meristem that contains protodermal cells. Leaf protoderm zone is covered by the leaf sheath or coleoptile in maize and wheat, preventing traditional exogenous phytohormone application methods, such as directly spraying on the leaf surface or indirectly via culture media, from reaching the protoderm areas directly. The lack of a suitable application method limits research on the effect of phytohormone on the development of grass epidermis. RESULTS Here, we describe a direct and straightforward method to apply exogenous phytohormones to the leaf protoderms of maize and wheat. We used the auxin analogs 2,4-D and cytokinin analogs 6-BA to test the system. After 2,4-D treatment, the asymmetrical division events and initial stomata development were decreased, and the subsidiary cells were induced in maize, the number of GMC (guard mother cell), SMC (subsidiary mother cell) and young stomata were increased in wheat, and the size of the epidermal cells increased after 6-BA treatment in maize. Thus, the method is suitable for the application of phytohormone to the grass leaf protodermal areas. CONCLUSIONS The method to apply hormones to the mesocotyls of maize and wheat seedlings is simple and direct. Only a small amount of externally applied substances are needed to complete the procedure in this method. The entire experimental process lasts for ten days generally, and it is easy to evaluate the phytohormones' effect on the epidermis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Li
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Xinlei Feng
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jinjin Xie
- College of Agriculture, School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Hsu PK, Takahashi Y, Merilo E, Costa A, Zhang L, Kernig K, Lee KH, Schroeder JI. Raf-like kinases and receptor-like (pseudo)kinase GHR1 are required for stomatal vapor pressure difference response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107280118. [PMID: 34799443 PMCID: PMC8617523 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107280118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores close rapidly in response to low-air-humidity-induced leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference (VPD) increases, thereby reducing excessive water loss. The hydroactive signal-transduction mechanisms mediating high VPD-induced stomatal closure remain largely unknown. The kinetics of stomatal high-VPD responses were investigated by using time-resolved gas-exchange analyses of higher-order mutants in guard-cell signal-transduction branches. We show that the slow-type anion channel SLAC1 plays a relatively more substantial role than the rapid-type anion channel ALMT12/QUAC1 in stomatal VPD signaling. VPD-induced stomatal closure is not affected in mpk12/mpk4GC double mutants that completely disrupt stomatal CO2 signaling, indicating that VPD signaling is independent of the early CO2 signal-transduction pathway. Calcium imaging shows that osmotic stress causes cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients in guard cells. Nevertheless, osca1-2/1.3/2.2/2.3/3.1 Ca2+-permeable channel quintuple, osca1.3/1.7-channel double, cngc5/6-channel double, cngc20-channel single, cngc19/20crispr-channel double, glr3.2/3.3-channel double, cpk-kinase quintuple, cbl1/4/5/8/9 quintuple, and cbl2/3rf double mutants showed wild-type-like stomatal VPD responses. A B3-family Raf-like mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase kinase kinase, M3Kδ5/RAF6, activates the OST1/SnRK2.6 kinase in plant cells. Interestingly, B3 Raf-kinase m3kδ5 and m3kδ1/δ5/δ6/δ7 (raf3/6/5/4) quadruple mutants, but not a 14-gene raf-kinase mutant including osmotic stress-linked B4-family Raf-kinases, exhibited slowed high-VPD responses, suggesting that B3-family Raf-kinases play an important role in stomatal VPD signaling. Moreover, high VPD-induced stomatal closure was impaired in receptor-like pseudokinase GUARD CELL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-RESISTANT1 (GHR1) mutant alleles. Notably, the classical transient "wrong-way" VPD response was absent in ghr1 mutant alleles. These findings reveal genes and signaling mechanisms in the elusive high VPD-induced stomatal closing response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Hsu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Alex Costa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Li Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Klara Kernig
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Katie H Lee
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
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14
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Hu J, Ren B, Dong S, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J. 6-Benzyladenine increasing subsequent waterlogging-induced waterlogging tolerance of summer maize by increasing hormone signal transduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1509:89-112. [PMID: 34766352 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Summer maize is frequently subjected to waterlogging damage because of increased and variable rainfall during the growing season. The application of 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) can effectively mitigate the waterlogging effects on plant growth and increase the grain yield of waterlogged summer maize. However, the mechanisms underlying this process and the involvement of 6-BA in relevant signal transduction pathways remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of 6-BA on waterlogged summer maize using a phosphoproteomic technique to better understand the mechanism by which summer maize growth improves following waterlogging. Application of 6-BA inhibited the waterlogging-induced increase in abscisic acid (ABA) content and increased the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in ABA signaling; accordingly, stomatal responsiveness to exogenous ABA increased. In addition, the application of 6-BA had a long-term effect on signal transduction pathways and contributed to rapid responses to subsequent stresses. Plants primed with 6-BA accumulated more ethylene and jasmonic acid in response to subsequent waterlogging; accordingly, leaf SPAD, antioxidase activity, and root traits improved by 6-BA priming. These results suggest that the effects of 6-BA on hormone signal transduction pathways are anamnestic, which enables plants to show faster or stronger defense responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baizhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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15
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Khai HD, Bien LT, Vinh NQ, Dung DM, Nghiep ND, Mai NTN, Tung HT, Luan VQ, Cuong DM, Nhut DT. Alterations in endogenous hormone levels and energy metabolism promoted the induction, differentiation and maturation of Begonia somatic embryos under clinorotation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111045. [PMID: 34620443 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides a visual insight into the effects of simulated microgravity (MG) on somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Begonia through the analysis of phytohormone fluctuations and energy metabolism. To investigate this relationship, thin cell layer culture model was first used. The results showed that MG changed the phytohormone content and stimulated starch biosynthesis to convert into sugar to release energy needed for regeneration and proliferation. Moreover, from the results it is likely that MG accelerated the initiation and subsequently maturation and aging of SE via decrease of AUX and increase of ABA. High content of GA, CKs, starch, sugar and low ABA as well as high CKs/ABA ratio were responsible for the increase in the number of embryos under clinorotation which was 1.57-fold higher than control after 90 days. The increase in fresh and dry weight of somatic embryos and chlorophyll content under MG were confirmed as their adaptive responses to gravitational stress. However, long-term exposure to MG (120 days) stimulated biosynthesis of ABA levels 1.85-fold higher than controls, which resulted in a decrease in chlorophyll content, increase in number of mature embryos and stomata length. These results revealed that MG regulated the induction, differentiation and senescence of somatic embryos via a biochemical interaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Dac Khai
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Le The Bien
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Ngo Dai Nghiep
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhu Mai
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Thanh Tung
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Quoc Luan
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Do Manh Cuong
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Duong Tan Nhut
- Tay Nguyen Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
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16
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Jalakas P, Takahashi Y, Waadt R, Schroeder JI, Merilo E. Molecular mechanisms of stomatal closure in response to rising vapour pressure deficit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:468-475. [PMID: 34197630 PMCID: PMC8455429 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Vapour pressure deficit (VPD), the difference between the saturation and actual air vapour pressures, indicates the level of atmospheric drought and evaporative pressure on plants. VPD increases during climate change due to changes in air temperature and relative humidity. Rising VPD induces stomatal closure to counteract the VPD-mediated evaporative water loss from plants. There are important gaps in our understanding of the molecular VPD-sensing and signalling mechanisms in stomatal guard cells. Here, we discuss recent advances, research directions and open questions with respect to the three components that participate in VPD-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis, including: (1) abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and (2) ABA-independent regulation of the protein kinase OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1), and (3) the passive hydraulic stomatal response. In the ABA-dependent component, two models are proposed: ABA may be rapidly synthesised or its basal levels may be involved in the stomatal VPD response. Further studies on stomatal VPD signalling should clarify: (1) whether OST1 activation above basal activity is needed for VPD responses, (2) which components are involved in ABA-independent regulation of OST1, (3) the role of other potential OST1 targets in VPD signalling, and (4) to which extent OST1 contributes to stomatal VPD sensitivity in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirko Jalakas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yohei Takahashi
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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17
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Chen D, He L, Lin M, Jing Y, Liang C, Liu H, Gao J, Zhang W, Wang M. A ras-related small GTP-binding protein, RabE1c, regulates stomatal movements and drought stress responses by mediating the interaction with ABA receptors. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110858. [PMID: 33775364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought represents a leading constraint over crop productivity worldwide. The plant response to this stress is centered on the behavior of the cell membrane, where the transduction of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling occurs. Here, the Ras-related small GTP-binding protein RabE1c has been shown able to bind to an ABA receptor in the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane, thereby positively regulating ABA signaling. RabE1c is highly induced by drought stress and expressed abundantly in guard cells. In the loss-of-function rabe1c mutant, both stomatal closure and the whole plant drought stress response showed a reduced sensitivity to ABA treatment, demonstrating that RabE1c is involved in the control over transpirative water loss through the stomata. Impairment of RabE1c's function suppressed the accumulation of the ABA receptor PYL4. The over-expression of RabE1c in A. thaliana enhanced the plants' ability to tolerate drought, and a similar phenotypic effect was achieved by constitutively expressing the gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapassp. pekinensis). The leading conclusion was that RabE1c promotes the degradation of PYL4, suggesting a possible genetic strategy to engineer crop plants to better withstand drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lilong He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Minyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chaochao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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18
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Gasulla F, del Campo EM, Casano LM, Guéra A. Advances in Understanding of Desiccation Tolerance of Lichens and Lichen-Forming Algae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:807. [PMID: 33923980 PMCID: PMC8073698 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic associations (holobionts) established between fungi (mycobionts) and certain groups of cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae (photobionts). This symbiotic association has been essential in the colonization of terrestrial dry habitats. Lichens possess key mechanisms involved in desiccation tolerance (DT) that are constitutively present such as high amounts of polyols, LEA proteins, HSPs, a powerful antioxidant system, thylakoidal oligogalactolipids, etc. This strategy allows them to be always ready to survive drastic changes in their water content. However, several studies indicate that at least some protective mechanisms require a minimal time to be induced, such as the induction of the antioxidant system, the activation of non-photochemical quenching including the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, lipid membrane remodeling, changes in the proportions of polyols, ultrastructural changes, marked polysaccharide remodeling of the cell wall, etc. Although DT in lichens is achieved mainly through constitutive mechanisms, the induction of protection mechanisms might allow them to face desiccation stress in a better condition. The proportion and relevance of constitutive and inducible DT mechanisms seem to be related to the ecology at which lichens are adapted to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gasulla
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Guéra
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.d.C.); (L.M.C.)
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19
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Chen X, Wang P, Gu M, Lin X, Hou B, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Jin S, Ye N. R2R3-MYB transcription factor family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis): Genome-wide characterization, phylogeny, chromosome location, structure and expression patterns. Genomics 2021; 113:1565-1578. [PMID: 33819564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors play essential roles in many biological processes and environmental stimuli. However, the functions of the MYB transcription factor family in tea plants have not been elucidated. Here, a total of 122 CsR2R3-MYB genes were identified from the chromosome level genome of tea plant (Camellia sinensis). The CsR2R3-MYB genes were phylogenetically classified into 25 groups. Results from the structure analysis of the gene, conserved motifs, and chromosomal distribution supported the relative conservation of the R2R3-MYB genes family in the tea plant. Synteny analysis indicated that 122, 34, and 112 CsR2R3-MYB genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and C. sinensis var. 'huangdan' (HD), respectively. Tissue-specific expression showed that all CsR2R3-MYB genes had different expression patterns in the tea plant tissues, indicating that these genes may perform diverse functions. The expression patterns of representative R2R3-MYB genes and the regulatory network of the main anthocyanin components were analyzed, which suggested that CsMYB17 may played a key role in the regulation of cya-3-O-gal, del-3-O-gal, cya-3-O-glu and pel-3-O-glu. Results from the qRT-PCR validation of selected genes suggested that CsR2R3-MYB genes were induced in response to drought, cold, GA, and ABA treatments. Overall, this study provides comprehensive and systematic information for research on the function of R2R3-MYB genes in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengya Gu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinying Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Binghao Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yucheng Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in University of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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20
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Chu LC, Offenborn JN, Steinhorst L, Wu XN, Xi L, Li Z, Jacquot A, Lejay L, Kudla J, Schulze WX. Plasma membrane calcineurin B-like calcium-ion sensor proteins function in regulating primary root growth and nitrate uptake by affecting global phosphorylation patterns and microdomain protein distribution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2223-2237. [PMID: 33098106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The collective function of calcineurin B-like (CBL) calcium ion (Ca2+ ) sensors and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) in decoding plasma-membrane-initiated Ca2+ signals to convey developmental and adaptive responses to fluctuating nitrate availability remained to be determined. Here, we generated a cbl-quintuple mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana devoid of these Ca2+ sensors at the plasma membrane and performed comparative phenotyping, nitrate flux determination, phosphoproteome analyses, and studies of membrane domain protein distribution in response to low and high nitrate availability. We observed that CBL proteins exert multifaceted regulation of primary and lateral root growth and nitrate fluxes. Accordingly, we found that loss of plasma membrane Ca2+ sensor function simultaneously affected protein phosphorylation of numerous membrane proteins, including several nitrate transporters, proton pumps, and aquaporins, as well as their distribution within plasma membrane microdomains, and identified a specific phosphorylation and domain distribution pattern during distinct phases of low and high nitrate responses. Collectively, these analyses reveal a central and coordinative function of CBL-CIPK-mediated signaling in conveying plant adaptation to fluctuating nitrate availability and identify a crucial role of Ca2+ signaling in regulating the composition and dynamics of plasma membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Cui Chu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Aurore Jacquot
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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21
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Wang ZQ, Liu Q, Wu JH, Li J, He JM, Zhang Y, Li S. Downregulating VAC14 in Guard Cells Causes Drought Hypersensitivity by Inhibiting Stomatal Closure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:602701. [PMID: 33391314 PMCID: PMC7773697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are a key land plant innovation that permit the regulation of gaseous exchanges between the plant interior and the surrounding environment. By opening or closing, stomata regulate transpiration of water though the plant; and these actions are coordinated with acquisition of CO2 for photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is controlled by various environmental and physiological factors and associates with multiple intracellular activities, among which the dynamic remodeling of vacuoles plays a crucial role. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is critical for dynamic remodeling of vacuoles. Its production requires a PI(3,5)P2-metabolizing complex consisting of FAB1/PIKfyve kinases, SAC phosphatases, and the scaffolding protein VAC14. Although genetic or pharmacological downregulation of PI(3,5)P2 causes hyposensitivity to ABA-induced stomatal closure, whether the effect of PI(3,5)P2 on stomatal movement is cell-autonomous and the physiological consequences of its reduction were unclear. We report that downregulating Arabidopsis VAC14 specifically in guard cells by artificial microRNAs (amiR-VAC14) results in enlarged guard cells and hyposensitivity to ABA- and dark-induced stomatal closure. Vacuolar fission during stomatal closure is compromised by downregulating VAC14 in guard cells. Exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 rescued the amiR-VAC14 phenotype whereas PI(3,5)P2 inhibitor YM201636 caused wild-type plants to have inhibited stomatal closure. We further show that downregulating VAC14 specifically in guard cells impairs drought tolerance, suggestive of a key role of guard cell-produced PI(3,5)P2 in plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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22
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wei H, Fu X, Ma L, Lu J, Wang H, Yu S. Genome-wide identification of NF-YA gene family in cotton and the positive role of GhNF-YA10 and GhNF-YA23 in salt tolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2103-2115. [PMID: 33080263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor YA (NF-YA) genes play important roles in many biological processes, such as leaf growth, nitrogen nutrition, drought resistance, and salt stress. The functions of NF-YA genes in cotton have not been elucidated. The current study identified a total of 16, 16, 31, and 29 genes from Gossypium raimondii, G. arboretum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum, respectively. The NF-YA genes in cotton were phylogenetically classified into 4 groups. Analysis of gene structure, conserved motifs and multiple sequence alignments supported the evolutionary conservation of NF-YA family genes in cotton. Analysis of the expression patterns of GhNF-YAs in cotton suggested that GhNF-YAs play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation of selected genes suggested that GhNF-YA genes are induced in response to salt, drought, ABA, and MeJA treatments. GhNF-YA genes may regulate salt and drought stress via the ABA or MeJA pathway. Silencing of GhNF-YA10 and GhNF-YA23 significantly reduced the salt tolerance of cotton seedlings, indicating that these genes participate in the regulation of the response of cotton to salt stress. These results establish a foundation for subsequent functional studies of the NF-YA gene family in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
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23
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Pang Q, Zhang T, Zhang A, Lin C, Kong W, Chen S. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses. PLANTA 2020; 252:66. [PMID: 32979085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein and phosphoprotein profiles uncovered the overall regulation of stomata movement against pathogen invasion and phosphorylation states of proteins involved in ABA, SA, calcium and ROS signaling, which may modulate the stomatal immune response. Stomatal openings represent a major route of pathogen entry into the plant, and plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate stomatal aperture as innate immune response against bacterial invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying stomatal immunity are not fully understood. Taking advantage of high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we performed label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of enriched guard cells in response to a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In total, 495 proteins and 1229 phosphoproteins were identified as differentially regulated. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormone signaling, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. We also showed that dynamic changes of phosphoprotein WRKY transcription factors may play a crucial role in regulating stomata movement in plant immunity. The identified proteins/phosphoproteins and the pathways form interactive molecular networks to regulate stomatal immunity. This study has provided new insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of stomatal immunity. The differential proteins and phosphoproteins are potential targets for engineering or breeding of crops for enhanced pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuwei Lin
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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24
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Cui YN, Li XT, Yuan JZ, Wang FZ, Guo H, Xia ZR, Wang SM, Ma Q. Chloride is beneficial for growth of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum by enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity under salt and drought stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4215-4231. [PMID: 32219322 PMCID: PMC7337195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) is pervasive in saline soils, and research on its influence on plants has mainly focused on its role as an essential nutrient and its toxicity when excessive accumulation occurs. However, the possible functions of Cl- in plants adapting to abiotic stresses have not been well documented. Previous studies have shown that the salt tolerance of the xerophytic species Pugionium cornutum might be related to high Cl- accumulation. In this study, we investigated the Cl--tolerant characteristics and possible physiological functions of Cl- in the salt tolerance and drought resistance of P. cornutum. We found that P. cornutum can accumulate a large amount of Cl- in its shoots, facilitating osmotic adjustment and turgor generation under saline conditions. Application of DIDS (4,4´-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2´-disulfonic acid), a blocker of anion channels, significantly inhibited Cl- uptake, and decreased both the Cl- content and its contribution to leaf osmotic adjustment, resulting in the exacerbation of growth inhibition in response to NaCl. Unlike glycophytes, P. cornutum was able to maintain NO3- homeostasis in its shoots when large amounts of Cl- were absorbed and accumulated. The addition of NaCl mitigated the deleterious effects of osmotic stress on P. cornutum because Cl- accumulation elicited a strong osmotic adjustment capacity. These findings suggest that P. cornutum is a Cl--tolerant species that can absorb and accumulate Cl- to improve growth under salt and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Run Xia
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang R&D Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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25
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Klejchová M, Hills A, Blatt MR. Predicting the unexpected in stomatal gas exchange: not just an open-and-shut case. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:881-889. [PMID: 32453378 PMCID: PMC7329339 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant membrane transport, like transport across all eukaryotic membranes, is highly non-linear and leads to interactions with characteristics so complex that they defy intuitive understanding. The physiological behaviour of stomatal guard cells is a case in point in which, for example, mutations expected to influence stomatal closing have profound effects on stomatal opening and manipulating transport across the vacuolar membrane affects the plasma membrane. Quantitative mathematical modelling is an essential tool in these circumstances, both to integrate the knowledge of each transport process and to understand the consequences of their manipulation in vivo. Here, we outline the OnGuard modelling environment and its use as a guide to predicting the emergent properties arising from the interactions between non-linear transport processes. We summarise some of the recent insights arising from OnGuard, demonstrate its utility in interpreting stomatal behaviour, and suggest ways in which the OnGuard environment may facilitate 'reverse-engineering' of stomata to improve water use efficiency and carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klejchová
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
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26
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Yang A, Akhtar SS, Fu Q, Naveed M, Iqbal S, Roitsch T, Jacobsen SE. Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060672. [PMID: 32466435 PMCID: PMC7355930 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizheng Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Saqib Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; (S.S.A.); (T.R.)
- Dansk Agro Aps, Snubbekorsvej 20 C, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.F.); (S.-E.J.)
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; (S.S.A.); (T.R.)
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, CAS, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sven-Erik Jacobsen
- Quinoa Quality ApS, DK-4420 Regstrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (Q.F.); (S.-E.J.)
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Chen TT, Liu FF, Xiao DW, Jiang XY, Li P, Zhao SM, Hou BK, Li YJ. The Arabidopsis UDP-glycosyltransferase75B1, conjugates abscisic acid and affects plant response to abiotic stresses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:389-401. [PMID: 31894456 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed that the Arabidopsis UGT75B1 plays an important role in modulating ABA activity by glycosylation when confronting stress environments. The cellular ABA content and activity can be tightly controlled in several ways, one of which is glycosylation by family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Previous analysis has shown UGT75B1 activity towards ABA in vitro. However, the biological role of UGT75B1 remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the function of UGT75B1 in abiotic stress responses via ABA glycosylation. GUS assay and qRT-PCR indicated that UGT75B1 is significantly upregulated by adverse conditions, such as osmotic stress, salinity and ABA. Overexpression of UGT75B1 in Arabidopsis leads to higher seed germination rates and seedling greening rates upon exposure to salt and osmotic stresses. In contrast, the big UGT75B1 overexpression plants are more sensitive under salt and osmotic stresses. Additionally, the UGT75B1 overexpression plants showed larger stomatal aperture and more water loss under drought condition, which can be explained by lower ABA levels examined in UGT75B1 OE plants in response to water deficit conditions. Consistently, UGT75B1 ectopic expression leads to downregulation of many ABA-responsive genes under stress conditions, including ABI3, ABI5 newly germinated seedlings and RD29A, KIN1, AIL1 in big plants. In summary, our results revealed that the Arabidopsis UGT75B1 plays an important role in coping with abiotic stresses via glycosylation of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Fang-Fei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dong-Wang Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- College of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Shu-Man Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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28
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Shafaque S, Ma Y, Rui M, He B, Zhu Z, Cao F, Wu F, Wang Y. Optimized Protocol for OnGuard2 Software in Studying Guard Cell Membrane Transport and Stomatal Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:131. [PMID: 32153622 PMCID: PMC7047851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are key innovation in plants that drives the global carbon and water cycle. In the past few decades, many stomatal models have been developed for studying gas exchange, photosynthesis, and transpirational characteristics of plants, but they provide limited information on stomatal mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Quantitative mathematical modeling offers an effective in silico approach to explore the link between microscopic transporter functioning and the macroscopic stomatal characteristics. As a first step, a dynamic system model based on the guard cell membrane transport system was developed and encoded in the OnGuard software. This software has already generated a wealth of testable predictions and outcomes sufficient to guide phenotypic and mutational studies. It has a user-friendly interface, which can be easily accessed by researchers to manipulate the key elements and parameters in the system for guard cell simulation in plants. To promote the adoption of this OnGuard application, here we outline a standard protocol that will enable users with experience in basic plant physiology, cell biology, and membrane transport to advance quickly in learning to use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Shafaque
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqing He
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangbing Cao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Yoshida K, Kondoh Y, Iwahashi F, Nakano T, Honda K, Nagano E, Osada H. Abscisic Acid Derivatives with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths Activate Distinct Abscisic Acid Receptor Subfamilies. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1964-1971. [PMID: 31497942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the development of various plant organs including seeds, roots, and fruits, and significantly contributes to abiotic stress responses, especially to drought. Since recent climate changes are adversely affecting crop cultivation, enhancement of plant stress tolerance by regulation of ABA signaling would be an important strategy. In the plant genome, ABA receptors are encoded by multiple genes constituting three subfamilies; however, functional differences among them remain unclear. To enhance desired effects of ABA, the biological functions of the receptor family warrant clarification. This study aimed to determine the functional differences among ABA receptors in plants. We screened small-molecule ligands binding to specific receptors, using a chemical array. In vitro evaluation of hit compounds using 11 Arabidopsis ABA receptors revealed that (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs served as agonists for different receptors depending on the length of their 3'-alkyl chains. Combinatorial in vitro and physiological effects of these compounds on the stomata, seeds, and seedlings indicated that, along with subfamily III, receptors of subfamily II are important to induce strong drought responses. Among (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs assessed herein, (+)-3'-butyl ABA induced a transcriptional response and stomatal closure but only slightly inhibited seed germination and growth, suggesting that it enhances drought tolerance. In silico docking simulation and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the amino acid residues contributing to the selective agonist activity of the (+)-3'-alkyl ABAs. These results provide novel insights into the structure and biological effects of 3'-derivatives of ABA and a basis for agrochemical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Yoshida
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Kondoh
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fukumatsu Iwahashi
- Health & Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Honda
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiki Nagano
- Health & Crop Sciences Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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30
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Ahmad M, Li J, Yang Q, Jamil W, Teng Y, Bai S. Phylogenetic, Molecular, and Functional Characterization of PpyCBF Proteins in Asian Pears ( Pyrus pyrifolia). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092074. [PMID: 31035490 PMCID: PMC6539064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
C-repeat binding factor/dehydration-responsive element (CBF/DRE) transcription factors (TFs) participate in a variety of adaptive mechanisms, and are involved in molecular signaling and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) and other rosaceous crops, the independent evolution of CBF subfamily members requires investigation to understand the possible divergent functions of these proteins. In this study, phylogenetic analysis divided six PpyCBFs from the Asian pear genome into three clades/subtypes, and collinearity and phylogenetic analyses suggested that PpyCBF3 was the mother CBF. All PpyCBFs were found to be highly expressed in response to low temperature, salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) as well as bud endodormancy, similar to PpyCORs (PpyCOR47, PpyCOR15A, PpyRD29A, and PpyKIN). Transcript levels of clade II PpyCBFs during low temperature and ABA treatments were higher than those of clades I and III. Ectopic expression of PpyCBF2 and PpyCBF3 in Arabidopsis enhanced its tolerance against abiotic stresses, especially to low temperature in the first case and salt and drought stresses in the latter, and resulted in lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant gene activities compared with the wild type. The increased expression of endogenous ABA-dependent and -independent genes during normal conditions in PpyCBF2- and PpyCBF3-overexpressing Arabidopsis lines suggested that PpyCBFs were involved in both ABA-dependent and -independent pathways. All PpyCBFs, especially the mother CBF, had high transactivation activities with 6XCCGAC binding elements. Luciferase and Y1H assays revealed the existence of phylogenetically and promoter-dependent conserved CBF-COR cascades in the pear. The presence of a previously identified CCGA binding site, combined with the results of mutagenesis of the CGACA binding site of the PpyCOR15A promoter, indicated that CGA was a core binding element of PpyCBFs. In conclusion, PpyCBF TFs might operate redundantly via both ABA-dependent and -independent pathways, and are strongly linked to abiotic stress signaling and responses in the Asian pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianzhao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qinsong Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wajeeha Jamil
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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31
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Spatial and Temporal Calcium Signaling and Its Physiological Effects in Moso Bamboo under Drought Stress. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in cytosolic free calcium concentration constitute a fundamental signal transduction mechanism in plants; however, the particular characteristics of calcium ion (Ca2+) signal occurrence in plants is still under debate. Little is known about how stimulus-specific Ca2+ signal fluctuations are generated. Therefore, we investigated the identity of the Ca2+ signal generation pathways, influencing factors, and the effects of the signaling network under drought stress on Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. Non-invasive micro testing and laser confocal microscopy technology were used as platforms to detect and record Ca2+ signaling in live root tip and leaf cells of P. edulis under drought stress. We found that Ca2+ signal intensity (absorption capacity) positively correlated with degree of drought stress in the P. edulis shoots, and that Ca2+ signals in different parts of the root tip of P. edulis were different when emitted in response to drought stress. This difference was reflected in the Ca2+ flux and in regional distribution of Ca2+. Extracellular Ca2+ transport requires the involvement of the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels, while abscisic acid (ABA) can activate the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Additionally, Ca2+ acted as the upstream signal of H2O2 in the signaling network of P. edulis under drought stress. Ca2+ was also involved in the signal transduction process of ABA, and ABA can promote the production of Ca2+ signals in P. edulis leaves. Our findings revealed the physiological role of Ca2+ in drought resistance of P. edulis. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for research on the response to Ca2+ signaling in P. edulis.
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32
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Förster S, Schmidt LK, Kopic E, Anschütz U, Huang S, Schlücking K, Köster P, Waadt R, Larrieu A, Batistič O, Rodriguez PL, Grill E, Kudla J, Becker D. Wounding-Induced Stomatal Closure Requires Jasmonate-Mediated Activation of GORK K+ Channels by a Ca2+ Sensor-Kinase CBL1-CIPK5 Complex. Dev Cell 2019; 48:87-99.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma D, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Li B, Chen T, Tian S. Efficacy of ABA-Mimicking Ligands in Controlling Water Loss and Maintaining Antioxidative Capacity of Spinacia oleracea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13397-13404. [PMID: 30556691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a central regulator for various developmental processes and responses to abiotic stresses in plants. However, its practical application in controlling water loss of postharvest produces is largely restrained. Herein, the present study reported that two ABA-mimicking ligands, AM1 and AMF4, markedly reduced water loss by promoting stomatal closure and effectively alleviated weight loss in spinach. AM1 and AMF4 also alleviated chlorophyll and vitamin C degradation and simultaneously reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) production; moreover, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems involved in antioxidative capacity were activated. The expression levels of SoOST1, SoSLAC1, SoRCAR3, SoPYL5, SoNCED3, and SoAREB1 were also up-regulated. These findings indicate that AM1 and AMF4 are promising as novel means for reducing water loss, maintaining visual quality, delaying senescence, and extending shelf life in leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources , Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100093 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits , Ministry of Agriculture , Beijing 100093 , China
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34
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Manishankar P, Wang N, Köster P, Alatar AA, Kudla J. Calcium Signaling during Salt Stress and in the Regulation of Ion Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5003005. [PMID: 29800460 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil composition largely defines the living conditions of plants and represents one of their most relevant, dynamic and complex environmental cues. The effective concentrations of many either tolerated or essential ions and compounds in the soil usually differ from the optimum that would be most suitable for plants. In this regard, salinity - caused by excess of NaCl - represents a widespread adverse growth condition but also shortage of ions like K+, NO3- and Fe2+ restrains plant growth. During the past years many components and mechanisms that function in the sensing and establishment of ion homeostasis have been identified and characterized. Here, we reflect on recent insights that extended our understanding of components and mechanisms, which govern and fine-tune plant salt stress tolerance and ion homeostasis. We put special emphasis on mechanisms that allow for interconnection of the salt overly sensitivity pathway with plant development and discuss newly emerging functions of Ca2+ signaling in salinity tolerance. Moreover, we review and discuss accumulating evidence for a central and unifying role of Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ dependent protein phosphorylation in regulating sensing, uptake, transport and storage processes of various ions. Finally, based on this cross-field inventory, we deduce emerging concepts and arising questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Manishankar
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Wang
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Köster
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Geilfus CM. Review on the significance of chlorine for crop yield and quality. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:114-122. [PMID: 29576063 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The chloride concentration in the plant determines yield and quality formation for two reasons. First, chlorine is a mineral nutrient and deficiencies thereof induce metabolic problems that interfere with growth. However, due to low requirement of most crops, deficiency of chloride hardly appears in the field. Second, excess of chloride, an event that occurs under chloride-salinity, results in severe physiological dysfunctions impairing both quality and yield formation. The chloride ion can effect quality of plant-based products by conferring a salty taste that decreases market appeal of e.g. fruit juices and beverages. However, most of the quality impairments are based on physiological dysfunctions that arise under conditions of chloride-toxicity: Shelf life of persimmon is shortened due to an autocatalytic ethylene production in fruit tissues. High concentrations of chloride in the soil can increase phyto-availability of the heavy metal cadmium, accumulating in wheat grains above dietary intake thresholds. When crops are cultivated on soils that are moderately salinized by chloride, nitrate fertilization might be a strategy to suppress uptake of chloride by means of an antagonistic anion-anion uptake competition. Overall, knowledge about proteins that catalyse chloride-efflux out of the roots or that restrict xylem loading is needed to engineer more resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Geilfus CM, Ludwig-Müller J, Bárdos G, Zörb C. Early response to salt ions in maize (Zea mays L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 220:173-180. [PMID: 29195231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates leaf growth and transpiration rate of plants exposed to salt stress. Despite the known fact that cell dehydration is instrumental for the modulation of ABA concentrations when NaCl is high in the external environment, it was never tested as to whether sodium (Na) or chlorine (Cl) also modulate ABA concentrations. To answer this question, a hydroponic study on maize (Zea mays) was established, by exposing plants to 50mM of sodium glucosamide or glucosamine chloride. The effect of both ions on ABA was investigated in an early stage before (i) the salt ions accumulated to toxic tissue concentrations and before (ii) cells dehydrated. This allowed studying early responses to Na and Cl separately, well before plants were stressed by these ions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to quantify ABA concentrations in roots and in leaves after a period of 2h after ion application. The transcript abundance of the key regulatory enzyme of the biosynthesis of ABA in maize, the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene viviparous 14, was quantified via real-time quantitative-reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction. The results reveal that Cl and Na induce the increase of leaf tissue ABA concentrations at two hours after plants were exposed to 50mM of the ions. Surprisingly, this effect was more pronounced in response to the Cl component. The increase in the guard-cell regulating ABA concentration correlated with a reduced transpiration. Mainly because of this result we suggest that the early accumulation of ABA is useful in maintaining cell turgor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Lentzeallee, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Bárdos
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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37
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Li Q, Wang YJ, Liu CK, Pei ZM, Shi WL. The crosstalk between ABA, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and calcium in stomatal closing of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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38
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Yi M, Bai H, Xue M, Yi H. NO and H 2O 2 contribute to SO 2 toxicity via Ca 2+ signaling in Vicia faba guard cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9437-9446. [PMID: 28236197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
NO and H2O2 have been implicated as important signals in biotic and abiotic stress responses of plants to the environment. Previously, we have shown that SO2 exposure increased the levels of NO and H2O2 in plant cells. We hypothesize that, as signaling molecules, NO and H2O2 mediate SO2-caused toxicity. In this paper, we show that SO2 hydrates caused guard cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in the concentration range of 0.25 to 6 mmol L-1, which was associated with elevation of intracellular NO, H2O2, and Ca2+ levels in Vicia faba guard cells. NO donor SNP enhanced SO2 toxicity, while NO scavenger c-PTIO and NO synthesis inhibitors L-NAME and tungstate significantly prevented SO2 toxicity. ROS scavenger ascorbic acid (AsA) and catalase (CAT), Ca2+ chelating agent EGTA, and Ca2+ channel inhibitor LaCl3 also markedly blocked SO2 toxicity. In addition, both c-PTIO and AsA could completely block SO2-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ level. Moreover, c-PTIO efficiently blocked SO2-induced H2O2 elevation, and AsA significantly blocked SO2-induced NO elevation. These results indicate that extra NO and H2O2 are produced and accumulated in SO2-treated guard cells, which further activate Ca2+ signaling to mediate SO2 toxicity. Our findings suggest that both NO and H2O2 contribute to SO2 toxicity via Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Heli Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Meizhao Xue
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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39
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A mathematical model of the interaction of abscisic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate on stomatal closure in plants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171065. [PMID: 28182683 PMCID: PMC5300265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal closure is affected by various stimuli such as light, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, humidity and phytohormones. Our research focuses on phytohormones, specifically: abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) that are responsible for the regulation of several plant processes, especially in guard cell signalling. While several studies show that these three phytohormones cause stomatal closure in plants, only two studies are notable for establishing a mathematical model of guard cell signalling involving phytohormones. Those two studies employed Boolean modelling and mechanistic ordinary differential equations modelling. In this study, we propose a new mathematical model of guard cell transduction network for stomatal closure using continuous logical modelling framework. Results showed how the different components of the network function. Furthermore, the model verified the role of antioxidants in the closure mechanism, and the diminished closure level of stomata with combined ABA-ET stimulus. The analysis was extended to ABA-ET-MeJA crosstalk.
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40
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Kuromori T, Fujita M, Urano K, Tanabata T, Sugimoto E, Shinozaki K. Overexpression of AtABCG25 enhances the abscisic acid signal in guard cells and improves plant water use efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 251:75-81. [PMID: 27593465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to improving drought tolerance, improvement of water use efficiency is a major challenge in plant physiology. Due to their trade-off relationships, it is generally considered that achieving stress tolerance is incompatible with maintaining stable growth. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone that regulates the balance between intrinsic growth and environmental responses. Previously, we identified AtABCG25 as a cell-membrane ABA transporter that export ABA from the inside to the outside of cells. AtABCG25-overexpressing plants showed a lower transpiration phenotype without any growth retardation. Here, we dissected this useful trait using precise phenotyping approaches. AtABCG25 overexpression stimulated a local ABA response in guard cells. Furthermore, AtABCG25 overexpression enhanced drought tolerance, probably resulting from maintenance of water contents over the common threshold for survival after drought stress treatment. Finally, we observed enhanced water use efficiency by overexpression of AtABCG25, in addition to drought tolerance. These results were consistent with the function of AtABCG25 as an ABA efflux transporter. This unique trait may be generally useful for improving the water use efficiency and drought tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuromori
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Miki Fujita
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugimoto
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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41
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Rodriguez-Dominguez CM, Buckley TN, Egea G, de Cires A, Hernandez-Santana V, Martorell S, Diaz-Espejo A. Most stomatal closure in woody species under moderate drought can be explained by stomatal responses to leaf turgor. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2014-26. [PMID: 27255698 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced stomatal conductance (gs ) during soil drought in angiosperms may result from effects of leaf turgor on stomata and/or factors that do not directly depend on leaf turgor, including root-derived abscisic acid (ABA) signals. To quantify the roles of leaf turgor-mediated and leaf turgor-independent mechanisms in gs decline during drought, we measured drought responses of gs and water relations in three woody species (almond, grapevine and olive) under a range of conditions designed to generate independent variation in leaf and root turgor, including diurnal variation in evaporative demand and changes in plant hydraulic conductance and leaf osmotic pressure. We then applied these data to a process-based gs model and used a novel method to partition observed declines in gs during drought into contributions from each parameter in the model. Soil drought reduced gs by 63-84% across species, and the model reproduced these changes well (r(2) = 0.91, P < 0.0001, n = 44) despite having only a single fitted parameter. Our analysis concluded that responses mediated by leaf turgor could explain over 87% of the observed decline in gs across species, adding to a growing body of evidence that challenges the root ABA-centric model of stomatal responses to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia M Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Gregorio Egea
- Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra Utrera, km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Alfonso de Cires
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia Hernandez-Santana
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Sebastia Martorell
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
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42
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Abstract
Plant hormones (phytohormones) integrate endogenous and exogenous signals thus synchronizing plant growth with environmental and developmental changes. Similar to animals, phytohormones have distinct source and target tissues, hence controlled transport and focused targeting are required for their functions. Many evidences accumulated in the last years about the regulation of long-distance and directional transport of phytohormones. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters turned out to play major roles in routing phytohormones not only in the plant body but also towards the outer environment. The ABCG-type proteins ABCG25 and ABCG40 are high affinity abscisic acid (ABA) transporters. ABCG14 is highly co-expressed with cytokinin biosynthesis and is the major root-to-shoot cytokinin transporter. Pleiotropic drug resistance1 (PDR1) from Petunia hybrida transports strigolactones (SLs) from the root tip to the plant shoot but also outside to the rhizosphere, where SLs are the main attractants to mycorrhizal fungi. Last but not least, ABCG36 and ABCG37 possibly play a dual role in coumarine and IBA transport.
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43
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Chen Z, Chen H, Zou Y, Wen Y. Stomatal behaviors reflect enantioselective phytotoxicity of chiral herbicide dichlorprop in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:73-80. [PMID: 27092421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stomata in plants play vital roles in water transpiration and gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis, which are critical for the plants growth. Until now, however, the effect of chiral herbicides on the response of stomata was poorly understood. To unveil this puzzle, the enantioselective effect of chiral herbicide dichloroprop (DCPP) on stomata in Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. It was found that (R)-DCPP preferentially promoted the extent of stomatal opening in Arabidopsis leaves, resulting in 59.84% enhancement at 0.3μmol·L(-1) comparing to the control, where (S)- and (Rac)-DCPP exhibited no significant differences. Enantioselectivity was also observed in the response of stomata to DCPP. To better understand the mechanism involved, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant system defense were measured. Interestingly, the ROS production in Arabidopsis leaves was also enantioselective. The (R)-DCPP treatments resulted in 6.08-fold enhancement compared with the control, whereas 1.35- and 2.51-fold increases occurred in (S)-DCPP and (Rac)-DCPP treatments, respectively. The promoting of stomatal opening was positively correlated with ROS production. In addition, the antioxidant system response provided evidence of oxidative stress and damage caused by DCPP. This study confirmed that the ROS produced by DCPP promoted stomatal opening and suggested a potential sight to elucidate the phytotoxicity of chiral herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunwei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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44
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Hernandez-Santana V, Rodriguez-Dominguez CM, Fernández JE, Diaz-Espejo A. Role of leaf hydraulic conductance in the regulation of stomatal conductance in almond and olive in response to water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:725-35. [PMID: 26846979 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The decrease of stomatal conductance (gs) is one of the prime responses to water shortage and the main determinant of yield limitation in fruit trees. Understanding the mechanisms related to stomatal closure in response to imposed water stress is crucial for correct irrigation management. The loss of leaf hydraulic functioning is considered as one of the major factors triggering stomatal closure. Thus, we conducted an experiment to quantify the dehydration response of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and its impact on gs in two Mediterranean fruit tree species, one deciduous (almond) and one evergreen (olive). Our hypothesis was that a higher Kleaf would be associated with a higher gs and that the reduction in Kleaf would predict the reduction in gs in both species. We measured Kleaf in olive and almond during a cycle of irrigation withholding. We also compared the results of two methods to measure Kleaf: dynamic rehydration kinetics and evaporative flux methods. In addition, determined gs, leaf water potential (Ψleaf), vein density, photosynthetic capacity and turgor loss point. Results showed that gs was higher in almond than in olive and so was Kleaf (Kmax = 4.70 and 3.42 mmol s(-1) MPa(-1) m(-2), in almond and olive, respectively) for Ψleaf > -1.2 MPa. At greater water stress levels than -1.2 MPa, however, Kleaf decreased exponentially, being similar for both species, while gs was still higher in almond than in olive. We conclude that although the Kleaf decrease with increasing water stress does not drive unequivocally the gs response to water stress, Kleaf is the variable most strongly related to the gs response to water stress, especially in olive. Other variables such as the increase in abscisic acid (ABA) may be playing an important role in gs regulation, although in our study the gs-ABA relationship did not show a clear pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Hernandez-Santana
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, no. 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia M Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, no. 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Enrique Fernández
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, no. 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, no. 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Biological consilience of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in plants: Gases of primordial earth linking plant, microbial and animal physiologies. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Qiao Z, Li CL, Zhang W. WRKY1 regulates stomatal movement in drought-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:53-65. [PMID: 26820136 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A key response of plants to moisture stress is stomatal closure, a process mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Closure is affected by changes in the turgor of the stomatal guard cell. The transcription factor WRKY1 is a part of the regulatory machinery underlying stomatal movements, and through this, in the plant's response to drought stress. The loss-of-function T-DNA insertion mutant wrky1 was particularly sensitive to ABA, with respect to both ion channel regulation and stomatal movements, and less sensitive to drought than the wild type. Complementation of the wrky1 mutant resulted in the recovery of the wild type phenotype. The WRKY1 product localized to the nucleus, and was shown able to bind to the W-box domain in the promoters of MYB2, ABCG40, DREB1A and ABI5, and thereby to control their transcription in response to drought stress or ABA treatment. WRKY1 is thought to act as a negative regulator in guard cell ABA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chun-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Matsuda S, Takano S, Sato M, Furukawa K, Nagasawa H, Yoshikawa S, Kasuga J, Tokuji Y, Yazaki K, Nakazono M, Takamure I, Kato K. Rice Stomatal Closure Requires Guard Cell Plasma Membrane ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter RCN1/OsABCG5. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:417-427. [PMID: 26708605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water stress is one of the major environmental stresses that affect agricultural production worldwide. Water loss from plants occurs primarily through stomatal pores. Here, we report that an Oryza sativa half-size ATP-binding cassette (ABC) subfamily G protein, RCN1/OsABCG5, is involved in stomatal closure mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cells. We found that the GFP-RCN1/OsABCG5-fusion protein was localized at the plasma membrane in guard cells. The percentage of guard cell pairs containing both ABA and GFP-RCN1/OsABCG5 increased after exogenous ABA treatment, whereas they were co-localized in guard cell pairs regardless of whether exogenous ABA was applied. ABA application resulted in a smaller increase in the percentage of guard cell pairs containing ABA in rcn1 mutant (A684P) and RCN1-RNAi than in wild-type plants. Furthermore, polyethylene glycol (drought stress)-inducible ABA accumulation in guard cells did not occur in rcn1 mutants. Stomata closure mediated by exogenous ABA application was strongly reduced in rcn1 mutants. Finally, rcn1 mutant plants had more rapid water loss from detached leaves than the wild-type plants. These results indicate that in response to drought stress, RCN1/OsABCG5 is involved in accumulation of ABA in guard cells, which is indispensable for stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan.
| | - Sho Takano
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Kaoru Furukawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nagasawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Shoko Yoshikawa
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Jun Kasuga
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tokuji
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Itsuro Takamure
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Kato
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Nishi, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-0834, Japan.
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Yang L, Liu Q, Liu Z, Yang H, Wang J, Li X, Yang Y. Arabidopsis C3HC4-RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase AtAIRP4 positively regulates stress-responsive abscisic acid signaling. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:67-80. [PMID: 25913143 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of proteins via the ubiquitin system is an important step in many stress signaling pathways in plants. E3 ligases recognize ligand proteins and dictate the high specificity of protein degradation, and thus, play a pivotal role in ubiquitination. Here, we identified a gene, named Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid (ABA)-insensitive RING protein 4 (AtAIRP4), which is induced by ABA and other stress treatments. AtAIRP4 encodes a cellular protein with a C3HC4-RING finger domain in its C-terminal side, which has in vitro E3 ligase activity. Loss of AtAIRP4 leads to a decrease in sensitivity of root elongation and stomatal closure to ABA, whereas overexpression of this gene in the T-DNA insertion mutant atairp4 effectively recovered the ABA-associated phenotypes. AtAIRP4 overexpression plants were hypersensitive to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination, and showed drought avoidance compared with the wild-type and atairp4 mutant plants. In addition, the expression levels of ABA- and drought-induced marker genes in AtAIRP4 overexpression plants were markedly higher than those in the wild-type and atairp4 mutant plants. Hence, these results indicate that AtAIRP4 may act as a positive regulator of ABA-mediated drought avoidance and a negative regulator of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- The Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Qiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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49
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Shi K, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xia X, Chen Z, Yu J. Guard cell hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide mediate elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:342-53. [PMID: 26308648 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change as a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 influences plant photosynthesis and transpiration. Although the involvement of stomata in plant responses to elevated CO2 has been well established, the underlying mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement remains largely unknown. We used diverse techniques, including laser scanning confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, biochemical methodologies and gene silencing to investigate the signaling pathway for elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Elevated CO2 -induced stomatal closure was dependent on the production of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE 1 (RBOH1)-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) in guard cells in an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent manner. Silencing of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) compromised the elevated CO2 -induced accumulation of H2 O2 and NO, upregulation of SLOW ANION CHANNEL ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) gene expression and reduction of stomatal aperture, whereas silencing of RBOH1 or NR had no effects on the expression of OST1. Our results demonstrate that as critical signaling molecules, RBOH1-dependent H2 O2 and NR-dependent NO act downstream of OST1 that regulate SLAC1 expression and elevated CO2 -induced stomatal movement. This information is crucial to deepen the understanding of CO2 signaling pathway in guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guanqun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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50
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Brandt B, Munemasa S, Wang C, Nguyen D, Yong T, Yang PG, Poretsky E, Belknap TF, Waadt R, Alemán F, Schroeder JI. Calcium specificity signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis guard cells. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26192964 PMCID: PMC4507714 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question is how specificity in cellular responses to the eukaryotic second messenger Ca(2+) is achieved. Plant guard cells, that form stomatal pores for gas exchange, provide a powerful system for in depth investigation of Ca(2+)-signaling specificity in plants. In intact guard cells, abscisic acid (ABA) enhances (primes) the Ca(2+)-sensitivity of downstream signaling events that result in activation of S-type anion channels during stomatal closure, providing a specificity mechanism in Ca(2+)-signaling. However, the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show impairment of ABA signal transduction in stomata of calcium-dependent protein kinase quadruple mutant plants. Interestingly, protein phosphatase 2Cs prevent non-specific Ca(2+)-signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate an unexpected interdependence of the Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent ABA-signaling branches and the in planta requirement of simultaneous phosphorylation at two key phosphorylation sites in SLAC1. We identify novel mechanisms ensuring specificity and robustness within stomatal Ca(2+)-signaling on a cellular, genetic, and biochemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brandt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Cun Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Taiming Yong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Paul G Yang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Elly Poretsky
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Thomas F Belknap
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Fernando Alemán
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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