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Wang J, Wu Q, Wang X, Liu H, Chen M, Xu L, Zhang Z, Li K, Li W, Zhong J. Targeting Macrophage Phenotypes and Metabolism as Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:573-588. [PMID: 39133247 PMCID: PMC11392985 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Macrophage accumulation and activation function as hallmarks of atherosclerosis and have complex and intricate dynamics throughout all components and stages of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we focus on the regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of macrophage phenotypes and metabolism in atherosclerosis. We highlight the diverse range of macrophage phenotypes present in atherosclerosis and their potential roles in progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Dysregulation of macrophage polarization between the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypealters the immuno-inflammatory response during atherosclerosis progression, leading to plaque initiation, growth, and ultimately rupture. Altered metabolism of macrophage is a key feature for their function and the subsequent progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The immunometabolism of macrophage has been implicated to macrophage activation and metabolic rewiring of macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions, thereby shifting altered macrophage immune-effector and tissue-reparative function. Targeting macrophage phenotypes and metabolism are potential therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the precise function and metabolism of specific macrophage subsets and their contributions to the composition and growth of atherosclerotic plaques could reveal novel strategies to delay or halt development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their associated pathophysiological consequences. Identifying biological stimuli capable of modulating macrophage phenotypes and metabolism may lead to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for treating patients with atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Journal of Geriatric Cardiology Editorial Office, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kuibao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Heart Center of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Han G, Wei P, He M, Jia L, Su Q, Yang X, Hao R. Role of plasma fatty acid in age-related macular degeneration: insights from a mendelian randomization analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:206. [PMID: 38951820 PMCID: PMC11218068 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance in lipid metabolism has been linked to the development of AMD, but the causal relationship between AMD and plasma fatty acids (FAs) remains controversial. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we sought to evaluate the impact of specific FA plasma levels on the risk of different AMD subtypes. METHODS We analysed genome-wide association data of circulating FAs from 115,006 European-descended individuals in the UK Biobank. These data were used in a two-sample MR framework to assess the potential role of circulating FAs in developing wet and dry AMD. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of our findings. Additional multivariable and locus-specific MR analyses were conducted to evaluate direct effects of FA on AMD subtypes, minimizing biases from lipoprotein-related traits and triglycerides. RESULTS Mendelian randomization revealed associations of omega-3 was associated with decreased wet (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.66-0.92) and dry AMD (0.85, 0.74-0.97) risk, showed a protective effect on AMD. Notably, the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio showed potential causal effects on both wet (1.27, 1.03-1.56) and dry AMD (1.18, 1.02-1.37). Multivariable MR suggested that the causal relationship of omega-3, omega-6 to omega-3 ratio on wet AMD persists after conditioning on HDL, LDL and triglycerides, albeit with slightly diminished evidence strength. Locus-specific MR linked to omega-3(FADS1, 0.89, 0.82-0.98; FADS2, 0.88, 0.81-0.96) and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (FADS1, 1.10, 1.02-1.20; FADS2, 1.11, 1.03-1.20) suggests causal effects of these factors on wet AMD. CONCLUSIONS The associations between plasma FA concentrations and AMD, suggest potential causal role of omega-3, and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in wet AMD. These results underscore the impact of an imbalanced circulating omega-3 and omega-6 FA ratio on AMD pathophysiology from MR perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoge Han
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China.
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Pinghui Wei
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiqin He
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lanbo Jia
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Su
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiru Yang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Nankai University Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Massaro M, Quarta S, Calabriso N, Carluccio MA, Scoditti E, Mancuso P, De Caterina R, Madonna R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Insights and perspectives. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14277. [PMID: 38940236 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disorder that affects the pulmonary vasculature. Although recent developments in pharmacotherapy have extended the life expectancy of PAH patients, their 5-year survival remains unacceptably low, underscoring the need for multitarget and more comprehensive approaches to managing the disease. This should incorporate not only medical, but also lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes and the use of nutraceutical support. Among these strategies, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are emerging as promising agents able to counteract the inflammatory component of PAH. In this narrative review, we aim at analysing the preclinical evidence for the impact of n-3 PUFAs on the pathogenesis and the course of PAH. Although evidence for the role of n-3 PUFAs deficiencies in the development and progression of PAH in humans is limited, preclinical studies suggest that these dietary components may influence several aspects of the pathobiology of PAH. Further clinical research should test the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on top of approved clinical management. These studies will provide evidence on whether n-3 PUFAs can genuinely serve as a valuable tool to enhance the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Quarta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tutor A, O'Keefe EL, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani R, O'Keefe J. Omega-3 fatty acids in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 84:19-26. [PMID: 38547956 PMCID: PMC11423875 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Even with substantial progress in primary and secondary prevention, cardiovascular disease (CVD) persists as a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) have gained considerable attention for their ability to improve CV health and prognosis. Metanalyses of randomized controlled trials have demonstrated Ω-3 PUFAs' positive impact on CVD outcomes for both primary and secondary prevention endpoints. Marine Ω-3 PUFAs also improve CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation; however, many physicians do not recommend Ω-3 PUFAs, largely due to inconsistent results in randomized trials. In this comprehensive review article, we evaluate both historic and current data concerning primary and secondary prevention of CVD with use of Ω-3 PUFAs, delve into the potential causes for the varied results, and examine the most current recommendations on the usage of Ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Tutor
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Evan L O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Andrew Elagizi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Southlake Regional Health Centre, 596 Davis Drive, Newmarket, ON L3Y 2P9, Canada
| | - Richard Milani
- Center for Clinical Innovation, Sutter Health, Pier One, Bay 1A, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Tang H, Liu Z, Han G, Geng J, Liu B, Zhang R, Zhang Z. Unexpected omega-3 activities in intracellular lipolysis and macrophage foaming revealed by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321255121. [PMID: 38564632 PMCID: PMC11009650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321255121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found primarily in fish oil have been a popular supplement for cardiovascular health because they can substantially reduce circulating triglyceride levels in the bloodstream to prevent atherosclerosis. Beyond this established extracellular activity, here, we report a mode of action of PUFA, regulating intracellular triglyceride metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) dynamics. Real-time imaging of the subtle and highly dynamic changes of intracellular lipid metabolism was enabled by a fluorescence lifetime probe that addressed the limitations of intensity-based fluorescence quantifications. Surprisingly, we found that among omega-3 PUFA, only docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoted the lipolysis in LDs and reduced the overall fat content by approximately 50%, and consequently helped suppress macrophage differentiation into foam cells, one of the early steps responsible for atherosclerosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid, another omega-3 FA in fish oil, however, counteracted the beneficial effects of DHA on lipolysis promotion and cell foaming prevention. These in vitro findings warrant future validation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesen Tang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Guangmei Han
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Junlong Geng
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Bianhua Liu
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Academy of Chinese Sciences, Hefei, Anhui230031, China
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6
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Omega-3 ( n-3) Fatty Acid-Statin Interaction: Evidence for a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:962. [PMID: 38612996 PMCID: PMC11013773 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) often involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medications aiming to decrease the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of this article is to discuss possible omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid-statin interactions in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD and to provide evidence to consider for clinical practice, highlighting novel insights in this field. Statins and n-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) are commonly used to control cardiovascular risk factors in order to treat ASCVD. Statins are an important lipid-lowering therapy, primarily targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, while n-3 fatty acids address triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Both statins and n-3 fatty acids have pleiotropic actions which overlap, including improving endothelial function, modulation of inflammation, and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, both statins and n-3 fatty acids potentially mitigate the residual cardiovascular risk that remains beyond lipid lowering, such as persistent inflammation. EPA and DHA are both substrates for the synthesis of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a relatively recently recognized feature of their ability to combat inflammation. Interestingly, statins seem to have the ability to promote the production of some SPMs, suggesting a largely unrecognized interaction between statins and n-3 fatty acids with relevance to the control of inflammation. Although n-3 fatty acids are the major substrates for the production of SPMs, these signaling molecules may have additional therapeutic benefits beyond those provided by the precursor n-3 fatty acids themselves. In this article, we discuss the accumulating evidence that supports SPMs as a novel therapeutic tool and the possible statin-n-3 fatty acid interactions relevant to the prevention and treatment of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Zhu B, Wu H, Li KS, Eisa-Beygi S, Singh B, Bielenberg DR, Huang W, Chen H. Two sides of the same coin: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107249. [PMID: 38070759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis remain high, which is primarily due to widespread adoption of a western diet and sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD, together with advanced forms of this disease such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, are closely associated with atherosclerotic-cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we discussed the association between NAFLD and atherosclerosis and expounded on the common molecular biomarkers underpinning the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we have summarized the mode of function and potential clinical utility of existing drugs in the context of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Hao Wu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn S Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Bandana Singh
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane R Bielenberg
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Mariotto S, Moriely Ramos Prado R, Nascimento E, Rodrigues de Souza X, de Abreu Sousa D. Proximate and fatty acid compositions oft en wild-caught and farmed fish species in mato grosso state, brazil. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301568. [PMID: 38252918 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed ten fish species (three farmed and seven wild-caught) to determine their centesimal composition (assessed by AOAC methods) and lipid profile (analyzed by GC-MS). Notably, "tambatinga" (farmed) and "piraputanga" (wild-caught) stood out with 28.66 % and 26.44 % protein content and 2.32 % and 3.71 % lipid content, respectively. Across all species, oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid, followed by linoleic acid. The sum of PUFAs ranged from 17.84 % in "matrinchã" to 7.85 % in "piraputanga". SFA varied from 49.93 % in "tambacu" to 39.90 % in "matrinchã", while MUFAs ranged from 44.34 % in "palmito" to 38.39 % in "tambaqui". "Matrinchã" had the highest average ω6 acid content (16.83 %), while "cachara" had the highest average for ω3 acids (5.73 %). "Piraputanga". "cachara", and "pincachara" exhibited the lowest ω6 levels. The analysis shows that fish have excellent nutritional values (proximate compositions) with few differences between species. "Pacu", "matrinchã", and "cachara" (wild-caught) demonstrated positive attributes, while "pincachara" (farmed) exhibited the highest nutritional quality in terms of fatty acid fraction. Based on quality indices (H/H), "pacu", "matrinchã" and "pincachara" are recommended choices for a healthy diet. This study adds valuable insights into the nutritional composition of fish species, which is essential for promoting regional development and local aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mariotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Cuiabá - Bela Vista., Av. Juliano Costa Marques, s/n, CEP 78050-560, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Railine Moriely Ramos Prado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Cuiabá - Bela Vista., Av. Juliano Costa Marques, s/n, CEP 78050-560, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Edgar Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Cuiabá - Bela Vista., Av. Juliano Costa Marques, s/n, CEP 78050-560, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Xisto Rodrigues de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso - Campus Cuiabá - Bela Vista., Av. Juliano Costa Marques, s/n, CEP 78050-560, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Demétrio de Abreu Sousa
- Perícia Oficial e Identificação Técnica de Mato Grosso, Regional de Confresa., Av. Santo Afonso, 110, CEP 78652-000, Confresa, MT, Brasil
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Sakaeyama Y, Kondo K, Terazono S, Fuchinoue Y, Kubota S, Mikai M, Abe M, Sugo N, Nagao T, Nemoto M. Local and systemic factors associated with quantitative stiffness of carotid plaque. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:54. [PMID: 38289409 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plaque stiffness in carotid artery stenosis is a clinically important factor involved in the development of stroke and surgical complications. The purpose of this study was to clarify which local and systemic factors are associated with the quantitatively measured stiffness of plaque. METHODS The subjects were 104 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at our institution. To measure quantitative stiffness of plaque, we used an industrial hard meter in the operating room within 1 h after removal of plaque. Local factors related to carotid plaque hardness were evaluated, including maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT), degree of stenosis using the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), presence of ulceration or calcification, and echo brightness on preoperative carotid ultrasound. The degree of stenosis was also evaluated using the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial method in digital subtraction angiography. Age, sex, and presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride [TG] levels) served as systemic factors and were compared with the quantitative stiffness of carotid plaque. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, ECST stenosis degree, calcification, and IMT max as local factors affected plaque stiffness. As a systemic factor, plaque stiffness was statistically significantly negatively correlated with TG values in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The quantitative stiffness of the plaque was negatively correlated with TG levels as a systemic factor in addition to local factors. This might suggest that reducing high TG levels is associated with plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakaeyama
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Sayaka Terazono
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fuchinoue
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | | | - Masataka Mikai
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | | | - Nobuo Sugo
- Department of Neurosurgery (Omori), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 6-11-1, Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Nagao
- Department of Neurosurgery (Sakura), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Sakura-City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nemoto
- Department of Neurosurgery (Sakura), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Sakura-City, Chiba, Japan
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O’Keefe JH, Tintle NL, Harris WS, O’Keefe EL, Sala-Vila A, Attia J, Garg GM, Hure A, Bork CS, Schmidt EB, Venø SK, Chien KL, Chen YY(A, Egert S, Feldreich TR, Ärnlöv J, Lind L, Forouhi NG, Geleijnse JM, Pertiwi K, Imamura F, de Mello Laaksonen V, Uusitupa WM, Tuomilehto J, Laakso M, Lankinen MA, Laurin D, Carmichael PH, Lindsay J, Leander K, Laguzzi F, Swenson BR, Longstreth WT, Manson JE, Mora S, Cook NR, Marklund M, van Lent DM, Murphy R, Gudnason V, Ninomiya T, Hirakawa Y, Qian F, Sun Q, Hu F, Ardisson Korat AV, Risérus U, Lázaro I, Samieri C, Le Goff M, Helmer C, Steur M, Voortman T, Ikram MK, Tanaka T, Das JK, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Tsai M, Guan W, Garg P, Verschuren WMM, Boer JMA, Biokstra A, Virtanen J, Wagner M, Westra J, Albuisson L, Yamagishi K, Siscovick DS, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D. Omega-3 Blood Levels and Stroke Risk: A Pooled and Harmonized Analysis of 183 291 Participants From 29 Prospective Studies. Stroke 2024; 55:50-58. [PMID: 38134264 PMCID: PMC10840378 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.044281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of marine omega-3 PUFAs on risk of stroke remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the associations between circulating and tissue omega-3 PUFA levels and incident stroke (total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) in 29 international prospective cohorts. Each site conducted a de novo individual-level analysis using a prespecified analytical protocol with defined exposures, covariates, analytical methods, and outcomes; the harmonized data from the studies were then centrally pooled. Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs across omega-3 PUFA quintiles were computed for each stroke outcome. RESULTS Among 183 291 study participants, there were 10 561 total strokes, 8220 ischemic strokes, and 1142 hemorrhagic strokes recorded over a median of 14.3 years follow-up. For eicosapentaenoic acid, comparing quintile 5 (Q5, highest) with quintile 1 (Q1, lowest), total stroke incidence was 17% lower (HR, 0.83 [CI, 0.76-0.91]; P<0.0001), and ischemic stroke was 18% lower (HR, 0.82 [CI, 0.74-0.91]; P<0.0001). For docosahexaenoic acid, comparing Q5 with Q1, there was a 12% lower incidence of total stroke (HR, 0.88 [CI, 0.81-0.96]; P=0.0001) and a 14% lower incidence of ischemic stroke (HR, 0.86 [CI, 0.78-0.95]; P=0.0001). Neither eicosapentaenoic acid nor docosahexaenoic acid was associated with a risk for hemorrhagic stroke. These associations were not modified by either baseline history of AF or prevalent CVD. CONCLUSIONS Higher omega-3 PUFA levels are associated with lower risks of total and ischemic stroke but have no association with hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H O’Keefe
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
- University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Evan L O’Keefe
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Attia
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | - G Manohar Garg
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Erik Berg Schmidt
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Krogh Venø
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu (Amelia) Chen
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Medical Research, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Nutritional Physiology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences & Society, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kamalita Pertiwi
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vanessa de Mello Laaksonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - W Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Anneli Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danielle Laurin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM Research Centers, Centre d’Excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval and VITAM Research Centers, Centre d’Excellence sur le Vieillissement de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Lindsay
- University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karin Leander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenton R Swenson
- University of Washington, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Seattle, WA
| | - William T Longstreth
- University of Washington, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Seattle, WA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Newtown, NSW Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland: and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- University of Texas, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rachel Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Toshihara Ninomiya
- Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Center for Cohort Studies, Fukouka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Kyushu University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and Center for Cohort Studies, Fukouka, Japan
| | - Frank Qian
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Beth Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Frank Hu
- Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Ulf Risérus
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélanie Le Goff
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marinka Steur
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- National Institute of Health, National Institute on Aging, Longitudinal Studies Section, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute of Health, National Institute on Aging, Longitudinal Studies Section, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Michael Tsai
- University of Minnesota, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Weihua Guan
- University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Parveen Garg
- University of Southern California, Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Los Angeles, CA
| | - WM Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care and Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda MA Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Biokstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jyrki Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- University Hospital, Depts of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- University of Tsukubu, Department of Public Health Medicine, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - David S Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York
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Zhao L, Wu R, Wu Z, Liu X, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang S. Genetically predicted 486 blood metabolites concerning risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22543. [PMID: 38110541 PMCID: PMC10728112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities constitute a significant characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We utilised a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to evaluate the potential causal association between 486 blood metabolites and SLE. Exposure data at the metabolite level were extracted from 7824 European Genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Preliminary analysis utilised SLE GWAS data from FinnGen. The primary method for causal analysis relied on random inverse variance weighting (IVW). To ensure robustness, sensitivity analyses included the Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis. Steiger testing and linkage disequilibrium score regression were employed to validate the identified metabolites. This study identified 12 metabolites, comprising six known chemical structures: 1,5-anhydroglucitol(1,5-AG) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.100, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.015-0.773, P = 0.027), gamma-glutamylthreonine (OR = 0.077, 95% CI: 0.010-0.574, P = 0.012), 5-dodecenoate(12:1n7) (OR = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.061-0.685, P = 0.010), linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine * (OR = 0.159, 95% CI: 0.027-0.933, P = 0.044), erythrose (OR = 88.331,95% CI:1.098-63.214, P = 0.040) and 1-, adrenate (22:4n6) (OR = 9.876, 95% CI: 1.753-55.639, P = 0.001)]. Additionally, we found associations between SLE and six unknown chemical structures: X-06351 (OR = 0.071, 95% CI: 0.006-0.817, P = 0.034), X-10810 (OR = 4.268 95% CI: 1.260-14.459, P = 0.020), X-11412 (OR = 5.418 95% CI: 1.068-27.487, P = 0.041), X-11905 (OR = 0.551, 95%CI: 0.304-0.997, P = 0.049), X-12038 (OR = 0.178 95%CI: 0.032-0.988, P = 0.045), X-12217 (OR = 0.174 95%CI: 0.044-0.680, P = 0.014). This study offers evidence supporting a causal relationship between SLE and 12 circulating metabolites, six of which have known chemical structures and six that remain unidentified. These findings introduce a new perspective for further exploration of SLE mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China
| | - Ruonan Wu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xinling Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Jingxuan Li
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030600, China.
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12
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Maruyama C, Sato A, Nishikata Y, Nakazawa M, Shijo Y, Kameyama N, Umezawa A, Ayaori M, Waki M, Ikewaki K, Nishitani A, Teramoto T. Effects of Nutrition Education Program for the Japan Diet on Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Patients with Dyslipidemia: Re-analysis of Data from a Previous Randomized Controlled Trial. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1849-1869. [PMID: 37344446 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated changes in serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions with intake of the Japan Diet (JD) (higher consumption of fish, soybeans, vegetables, seaweed/mushrooms/konjak, and unrefined cereals with reduced consumption of animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets and alcoholic drinks) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society. METHODS A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial on JD intake was conducted on Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Nutrition education, based on the JD or partial JD (PJD) at baseline and at 3 months, was provided and the participants were followed up for 6 months. Fatty acids comprising serum phospholipids were measured in the JD (n=44) and PJD (n=44) groups. RESULTS Fatty acid intakes of C20:4, C20:5 and C22:6 increased in the JD group as compared with the PJD group. The percentages of serum phospholipid, C22:1 and C20:5 increased, while those of C18:1, C20:3(n-6) and C20:4(n-6) decreased in the JD as compared with the PJD group at 3 months. Changes in the phospholipid concentrations of C20:5, C22:5 and C22:6 reflected those intake volumes. Serum phospholipid C20:5 and C22:6 showed inverse correlations with C18:1, C18:2, and C20:3(n-6) at baseline and the changes at 3 and 6 months. In contrast, no correlation was observed between C20:4(n-6) and those n-3 fatty acids. The ratios of fatty acid concentrations, C16:1/C16:0 and C18:1/C18:0, decreased, but the ratio of C20:4(n-6)/C20:3(n-6) increased in the JD group. CONCLUSION Nutrition education on the JD changed serum phospholipid fatty acid profiles in favor to prevent against cardiovascular risk factors in patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuko Maruyama
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Aisa Sato
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Yui Nishikata
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Mariko Nakazawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Yuri Shijo
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Noriko Kameyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Ariko Umezawa
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | | | | | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | - Ai Nishitani
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University
| | - Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University
- Teramoto Medical and Dental Clinic
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13
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Ishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Funatsu T, Okada Y, Kawamata T. Association and Implications of Blood and Plaque n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Patients Treated with Oral Eicosapentaenoic Acid before Carotid Endarterectomy. Int J Angiol 2023; 32:238-242. [PMID: 37927834 PMCID: PMC10624539 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been shown to prevent atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease, including stroke. Recently, the ratio of serum EPA to arachidonic acid (AA; EPA/AA ratio) has been reported to be a biomarker to prevent cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluate whether the serum EPA/AA ratio would be a useful biomarker for determining the efficacy of orally administered EPA in preventing stroke by investigating tissue and serum EPA/AA ratios, serum inflammatory markers, and carotid artery intimamedia thickness (IMT). Patients with dyslipidemia, as the primary illness scheduled for carotid endarterectomy (CEA), were included and randomly assigned to the EPA group (EPA: 1,800 mg/day plus statin; 10 patients) or non-EPA group (statin only; 15 patients). PUFA fraction was evaluated in the tissue (post-CEA) and serum (pre-CEA and 6 months thereafter). As for the tissue PUFA fraction in the plaque, the EPA group had a significantly higher EPA/AA ratio (EPA group, 0.46; non-EPA group, 0.28; p = 0.01). At 6 months postoperatively, the EPA group had a significantly higher serum EPA/AA ratio (baseline, 0.83; follow-up, 1.60; p = 0.05). No significant differences were found for inflammatory markers and IMT. Both serum and tissue EPA/AA ratios were higher in patients treated with oral EPA. Serum EPA/AA ratio might be a useful biomarker for the efficacy of orally administered EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Funatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kawamata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Tawara K, Akioka H, Sato H, Sato T, Takahashi M, Ogawa N, Aoki T, Harada T, Mitarai K, Yamauchi S, Hirota K, Miyoshi M, Yonezu K, Abe I, Kondo H, Saito S, Fukui A, Fukuda T, Shinohara T, Akiyoshi K, Teshima Y, Yufu K, Nakagawa M, Takahashi N. Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Japanese patients with coronary spastic angina. J Cardiol 2023; 82:455-459. [PMID: 37459964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease. However, there are few reports of a relationship between n-3 PUFAs and coronary spastic angina (CSA). This study aimed to assess the age-dependent role of serum levels of fatty acid in patients with CSA. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 406 patients who underwent ergonovine tolerance test (ETT) during coronary angiography for evaluation of CSA. All ETT-positive subjects were diagnosed as having CSA. We categorized the patients by age and results of ETT as follows: (1) young (age ≤ 65 years) CSA-positive (n = 32), (2) young CSA-negative (n = 134), (3) elderly (age > 66 years) CSA-positive (n = 36), and (4) elderly CSA-negative (n = 204) groups. We evaluated the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. In the young groups, the serum levels of EPA (64.3 ± 37.7 μg/mL vs. 49.4 ± 28.8 μg/mL, p = 0.015) and DHA (135.7 ± 47.6 μg/mL vs. 117.4 ± 37.6 μg/mL, p = 0.020) were significantly higher in the CSA-positive group than in the CSA-negative group, respectively. However, this was not the case with elderly groups. In the multivariate analysis in young groups, the serum levels of EPA (p = 0.028) and DHA (p = 0.049) were independently associated with the presence of CSA, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the higher serum levels of EPA and/or DHA might be involved in the pathophysiology of CSA in the young population but not in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Tawara
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Akioka
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoko Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Takanori Aoki
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Taisuke Harada
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mitarai
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Kei Hirota
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Miho Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yonezu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Ichitaro Abe
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kondo
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Fukui
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Shinohara
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Kumiko Akiyoshi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Teshima
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Kunio Yufu
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Mikiko Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Naohiko Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
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15
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Videla LA, Valenzuela R, Del Campo A, Zúñiga-Hernández J. Omega-3 Lipid Mediators: Modulation of the M1/M2 Macrophage Phenotype and Its Protective Role in Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15528. [PMID: 37958514 PMCID: PMC10647594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex interplay between dietary factors, inflammation, and macrophage polarization is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have brought in attention due to their potential to modulate inflammation and exert protective effects in various pathological conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise in mitigating inflammation and enhancing the resolution of inflammatory responses. They influence the M1/M2 macrophage phenotype balance, promoting a shift towards the M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins (Rvs), protectins (PDs), and maresins (MaRs), have emerged as potent regulators of inflammation and macrophage polarization. They show anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties, by modulating the expression of cytokines, facilitate the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, and promote tissue repair. MaR1, in particular, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting key inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. In the context of CLDs, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis, omega-3s and their SPMs have shown promise in attenuating liver injury, promoting tissue regeneration, and modulating macrophage phenotypes. The aim of this article was to analyze the emerging role of omega-3 FAs and their SPMs in the context of macrophage polarization, with special interest in the mechanisms underlying their effects and their interactions with other cell types within the liver microenvironment, focused on CLDs and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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16
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Nayda NC, Thomas JM, Delaney CL, Miller MD. The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood levels of omega-3s in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1447-1461. [PMID: 36882117 PMCID: PMC10563859 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Atherosclerosis is a systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative disease, accounting for approximately a third of deaths globally. It has been proposed that omega-3s, through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, mitigate atherosclerotic disease progression. However, due to the systemic pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative state of atherosclerosis, it is proposed that patients with atherosclerotic disease may have higher omega-3 requirements than the average requirement, due to increased nutrient utilization in anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant processes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to determine what dose and duration of omega-3 supplementation is required to reach a therapeutic blood level of omega-3s (eicosapentaenoic acid ≥150 µg/mL or omega-3 index ≥8%) in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease. DATA SOURCES This systematic review comprehensively searched MEDLINE, Emcare, Scopus, and CINAHL using key search terms for atherosclerotic disease, omega-3, supplementation, and blood levels of omega-3s. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently screened 529 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supplementing omega-3s in patients with chronic atherosclerotic disease. DATA ANALYSIS In total, 25 journal articles from 17 original RCTs were included and assessed quantitatively. Supplementation at 1.8 g to 3.4 g per day for a 3-month-6-month duration, and at 4.4 g and above for as little as 1 month-6 months were identified as the most effective dosage ranges for increasing blood levels of omega-3s to therapeutic levels in people with atherosclerotic disease. CONCLUSIONS Consideration should be given to routine omega-3 supplementation and to increasing the omega-3 dietary recommendations and upper limits of daily intake to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of cardiac mortality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Nayda
- are with the Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jolene M Thomas
- are with the Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher L Delaney
- is with the College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- is with the Department of Vascular Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle D Miller
- are with the Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Gupta A, Alkhalil M. The Emerging Role of Icosapent Ethyl in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Future Applications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3758. [PMID: 37297952 PMCID: PMC10253987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were early established as therapeutic option for patients with high triglyceride levels. Their effects on lipoprotein particles, including a reduction in very low-density lipoprotein and a shift from small to large low-density lipoprotein, is increasingly recognised. This is coupled with their ability to be incorporated within the cellular membrane, leading to plaque stability and anti-inflammatory effects. Nonetheless, recent clinical trials have not been consistent in demonstrating the potential cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids. This is despite the circumstantial evidence from imaging studies illustrating the stabilising effects on atherosclerotic plaques and slowing of plaque progression. In this article, we will review the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on lipid biomarkers, atherosclerotic plaque features, and clinical outcome studies and provide a mechanistic role in managing residual risk of atherosclerosis. This will provide better insight into the inconsistency of the recently reported clinical outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Cardiothoracic Services, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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18
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Brosolo G, Da Porto A, Marcante S, Picci A, Capilupi F, Capilupi P, Bertin N, Vivarelli C, Bulfone L, Vacca A, Catena C, Sechi LA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Arterial Hypertension: Is There Any Good News? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9520. [PMID: 37298468 PMCID: PMC10253816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and its derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are "essential" fatty acids mainly obtained from diet sources comprising plant oils, marine blue fish, and commercially available fish oil supplements. Many epidemiological and retrospective studies suggested that ω-3 PUFA consumption decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but results of early intervention trials have not consistently confirmed this effect. In recent years, some large-scale randomized controlled trials have shed new light on the potential role of ω-3 PUFAs, particularly high-dose EPA-only formulations, in cardiovascular prevention, making them an attractive tool for the treatment of "residual" cardiovascular risk. ω-3 PUFAs' beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes go far beyond the reduction in triglyceride levels and are thought to be mediated by their broadly documented "pleiotropic" actions, most of which are directed to vascular protection. A considerable number of clinical studies and meta-analyses suggest the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs in the regulation of blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. These effects occur mostly through regulation of the vascular tone that could be mediated by both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms. In this narrative review, we summarize the results of both experimental and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on blood pressure, highlighting the mechanisms of their action on the vascular system and their possible impact on hypertension, hypertension-related vascular damage, and, ultimately, cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brosolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Da Porto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Picci
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Filippo Capilupi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Patrizio Capilupi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Nicole Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Vivarelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Bulfone
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Vacca
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catena
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Hung HC, Tsai SF, Chou HW, Tsai MJ, Hsu PL, Kuo YM. Dietary fatty acids differentially affect secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human THP-1 monocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5511. [PMID: 37016048 PMCID: PMC10073224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a major population of circulating immune cells that play a crucial role in producing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body. The actions of monocytes are known to be influenced by the combinations and concentrations of certain fatty acids (FAs) in blood and dietary fats. However, systemic comparisons of the effects of FAs on cytokine secretion by monocytes have not be performed. In this study, we compared how six saturated FAs (SFAs), two monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and seven polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) modulate human THP-1 monocyte secretion of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide. SFAs generally stimulated resting THP-1 cells to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, with stearic acid being the most potent species. In contrast, MUFAs and PUFAs inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the inhibitory potentials of MUFAs and PUFAs followed U-shaped (TNF and IL-1β) or inverted U-shaped (IL-6) dose-response curves. Among the MUFAs and PUFAs that were analyzed, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) exhibited the largest number of double bonds and was found to be the most potent anti-inflammatory compound. Together, our findings reveal that the chemical compositions and concentrations of dietary FAs are key factors in the intricate regulation of monocyte-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chang Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Wen Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jun Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, An-Nan-Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, 709204, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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20
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Bork CS, Lundbye-Christensen S, Venø SK, Lasota AN, Tjønneland A, Schmidt EB, Overvad K. Intake of marine and plant-derived n-3 fatty acids and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1389-1401. [PMID: 36592188 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the association between intake of seafood and plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and development of total atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and acute major ischemic events. METHODS A total of 53,909 men and women were enrolled between 1993 and 1997 into the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort and followed through nationwide Danish registries for development of total ASCVD defined as a first registration of myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, or ischemic stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis or small-vessel occlusion. At recruitment, the intake of the major marine n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the plant-derived n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted using sex-stratified multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS During a median of 13.5 years of follow-up, 3958 participants developed ASCVD including 3270 patients with an acute major ischemic event. In multivariable analyses including adjustment for established risk factors, we found no associations for intake of ALA, but indications of inverse associations between intake of EPA, DHA and EPA + DHA and the rate of total ASCVD and acute major ischemic events. CONCLUSIONS A high intake of marine n-3 PUFA was associated with a lower risk of total ASCVD and acute major ischemic events, whereas no association could be demonstrated for the plant-derived ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Bork
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | - Stine K Venø
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne N Lasota
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik B Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Serum Fatty Acids Are Associated with a Higher Risk of Ischemic Stroke. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030585. [PMID: 36771293 PMCID: PMC9921638 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke prevention, a significant public-health concern, begins with recognizing and addressing risk factors. Interventions targeted at modifiable risk factors can effectively prevent ischemic stroke, while Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to improve stroke outcomes. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between ischemic-stroke risk factors and fatty acids using a prospective observational study with 274 patients. We collected clinical data on risk factors and measured fatty-acid levels using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We found that several risk factors, including age, sex, smoking, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, and previous stroke history, had a direct relationship with fatty acids. Of these, smoking had the most significant impact, negatively impacting levels of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. Conversely, dyslipidemia and atrial fibrillation positively correlated with fatty acids, particularly in female patients and those with recurrent strokes. Age was found to directly correlate with other risk factors and variations in fatty-acid ratios. The stroke rate was higher in males than females before the age of 70, but this trend reversed. Our findings suggest that better management of risk factors, particularly modifiable lifestyle factors, could improve fatty-acid profiles and the balance of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in patients with ischemic stroke.
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22
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Asakura K, Minami Y, Nagata T, Katamine M, Katsura A, Hashimoto T, Kinoshita D, Ako J. Impact of the eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratio on plaque characteristics in statin-treated patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:189-196. [PMID: 36517412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVE To clarify the impact of the EPA/AA ratio on the characteristics of non-culprit coronary plaques in statin-treated patients with CAD. METHODS A total of 370 consecutive stable coronary disease patients treated with statins, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for the culprit lesion and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the non-culprit plaque in a culprit vessel were included. The characteristics of non-culprit plaques assessed using OCT were compared between the lower EPA/AA group (EPA/AA <0.4, n = 255) and the higher EPA/AA group (EPA/AA ≥0.4, n = 115). RESULTS The prevalence of lipid-rich plaque (58.8 vs. 41.7%, p = 0.003) and plaque with macrophages (56.5 vs. 31.3%, p <0.001) was significantly higher in the lower EPA/AA group than in the higher EPA/AA group. This association was observed even if the LDL-C level was <100 mg/dL. The prevalence of thin-cap fibroatheroma was significantly higher in patients with lower EPA/AA and higher LDL-C (≥100 mg/dL) than in those with higher EPA/AA and lower LDL-C (<100 mg/dL) (odds ratio: 2.750, 95% confidence interval: 1.182-6.988, p = 0.024). An EPA/AA <0.4 was independently associated with a higher prevalence of lipid-rich plaque, plaque with macrophages, and cholesterol crystals. CONCLUSION Lower EPA/AA ratio was associated with higher prevalence of vulnerable characteristics in non-culprit plaques. The present results suggest the importance of EPA/AA ratio on the secondary prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Asakura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Minami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Takako Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Katamine
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Aritomo Katsura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Rodriguez D, Lavie CJ, Elagizi A, Milani RV. Update on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235146. [PMID: 36501174 PMCID: PMC9739673 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty percent of deaths in the United States are secondary to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia, studies have shown high atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) event rates despite the use of statins. Given the association of high triglyceride (TG) levels with elevated cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) cholesterol guidelines recommend using elevated TGs as a "risk-enhancing factor" for ASCVD and using omega 3 fatty acids (Ω3FAs) for patients with persistently elevated severe hypertriglyceridemia. Ω3FA, or fish oils (FOs), have been shown to reduce very high TG levels, hospitalizations, and CVD mortality in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We have published the largest meta-analysis to date demonstrating significant effects on several CVD outcomes, especially fatal myocardial infarctions (MIs) and total MIs. Despite the most intensive research on Ω3FAs on CVD, their benefits have been demonstrated to cluster across multiple systems and pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, chronic kidney disease, central nervous system diseases, and, most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. A review and summary of the controversies surrounding Ω3FAs, some of the latest evidence-based findings, and the current and most updated recommendations on Ω3FAs are presented in this paper.
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Machate DJ, Melo ESP, de Oliveira LCS, Bogo D, Michels FS, Pott A, Cavalheiro LF, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC, Hiane PA, Caires ARL, Vilela MLB, Oliveira RJ, do Nascimento VA. Oxidative stability and elemental analysis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) edible oil produced in Brazil using a domestic extraction machine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:977813. [PMID: 36245529 PMCID: PMC9563224 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.977813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of regular vegetable oils has been linked to energy acquisition, nutritional benefits, health improvement, and the regulation of metabolic diseases. This study evaluated fatty acids composition, physicochemical, thermal, oxidative, and optical properties, and quantified trace elements in the sunflower oil extracted by a domestic cold-press machine. The oil presented linoleic (54.00%) and oleic (37.29%) primary unsaturated fatty acids (91.67%), in which atherogenic (0.05), thrombogenic (0.16), hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic (21.97), peroxide (16.16), saponification (141.80), and relative density indices (0.92) demonstrated to be suitable for human consumption and possible health promotion. In addition, the concentrations of trace elements by ICP OES were ordered Zn > Fe > Al > Cu > Mn > Cr. Concentrations of Zn, Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were lower than FAO/WHO and DRI/AI limits, while Cr concentrations exceeded the FAO/WHO limits, which can be used as an indicator of the polluted ambiance. Sunflower oil quantities daily consumption were calculated by taking into account non-carcinogenic risk (CR < 10−4), and total non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI < 1). Based on trace elements determined in this study, the suitable quantity of sunflower oil consumption varies according to individuals aged 8, 18, and 30 years and will be deemed 0.61, 1.46, and 1.65 g/kg, respectively, attending HI = 0.99 and CR < 10−4.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johane Machate
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Elaine S. P. Melo
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Bogo
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Flávio S. Michels
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Cavalheiro
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Anderson R. L. Caires
- Optics and Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Brandão Vilela
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliano Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Development in the Mid-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Aragão do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Materials Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valter Aragão do Nascimento
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Ménégaut L, Laubriet A, Crespy V, Nguyen M, Petit JM, Tarris G, Pilot T, Varin A, Choubley H, Bergas V, de Barros JPP, Thomas C, Steinmetz E, Masson D. Profiling of lipid mediators in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 184:102477. [PMID: 35952424 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is associated with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Specific mechanisms related to diabetes and hyperglycemia may play a role in this process. In particular, alterations of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism have been reported. Our main goal was to investigate for differences in the concentration of LTB4 and RvD1 as well as selected cyclooxygenase-derived mediators in carotid plaques from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. We also aimed to analyze the relationship between omega 6 and omega 3 Poly-Unsaturated Fatty acids (PUFAs) content in the plaques and the concentrations of these lipid mediators. METHODS 29 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 control patients admitted for surgical treatment of carotid stenosis were enrolled in the present study. Carotid plaques were harvested for in-depth lipidomic profiling. RESULTS No differences for LTB4 or other lipid mediators were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. RvD1 levels were below the threshold of quantification in most of the samples. A significant correlation was found between LTB4 and 5(S)-HETE levels. Omega 3 enrichment was not significantly different between control and diabetic plaques. There was a negative correlation between DHA/AA ratio and the level of 5(S)-HETE while there was a positive association with TXB2 and PGD2 concentrations. CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES Our results does not support the hypothesis of a specific involvement of LTB4 or COX-derived mediators in diabetic atherosclerosis. The relationship between DHA enrichment and the concentrations of specific inflammatory mediators within the plaque is of interest and will need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ménégaut
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Dijon, France
| | - Aline Laubriet
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - Valentin Crespy
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - Maxime Nguyen
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Department of Endocrinology and metabolic diseases, Dijon, France
| | | | - Thomas Pilot
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis Varin
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Choubley
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Victoria Bergas
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; Lipidomic Analytic Platform, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Charles Thomas
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Steinmetz
- CHU Dijon, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France; INSERM, UMR1231, Dijon, France; FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France; CHU Dijon, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Dijon, France.
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Direct coupling of liquid–liquid extraction with 3D-printed microplasma optical emission spectrometer for speciation analysis of mercury in fish oil. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yu F, Qi S, Ji Y, Wang X, Fang S, Cao R. Effects of omega-3 fatty acid on major cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29556. [PMID: 35905212 PMCID: PMC9333496 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of omega-3 fatty acid on cardiovascular health obtained inconsistent results. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore conducted to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for primary and secondary prevention strategies of major cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched from their inception until September 2020. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess effect estimates by using the random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials involving 136,965 individuals were selected for the final meta-analysis. Omega-3 fatty acid was noted to be associated with a lower risk of major cardiovascular events (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-1.00; P = .049) and cardiac death (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.99; P = .022). However, no significant differences was noted between omega-3 fatty acid and the control for the risks of all-cause mortality (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.92-1.03; P = .301), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-1.01; P = .077), and stroke (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.11; P = .694). CONCLUSIONS Major cardiovascular events and cardiac death risks could be avoided with the use of omega-3 fatty acid. However, it has no significant effects on the risk of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Yu
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Fangyu Yu, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 278 West Zhongshan Road, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 318000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Shun Qi
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xizhi Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ruokui Cao
- Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Negara BFSP, Mohibbullah M, Sohn J, Kim J, Choi J. Nutritional value and potential bioactivities of Pacific oyster (
Crassostrea gigas
). Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertoka Fajar Surya Perwira Negara
- Seafood Research Center IACF, Silla University 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang‐ro, Amnam‐dong, Seo‐gu Busan 49277 Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology College of Medical and Life Sciences Silla University 140, Baegyang‐daero 700beon‐gil, Sasang‐gu Busan 46958 Korea
| | - Md. Mohibbullah
- Seafood Research Center IACF, Silla University 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang‐ro, Amnam‐dong, Seo‐gu Busan 49277 Korea
- Department of Fishing and Post‐Harvest Technology Sher‐e‐Bangla Agricultural University Sher‐e‐Bangla Nagar Dhaka 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Jae‐Hak Sohn
- Seafood Research Center IACF, Silla University 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang‐ro, Amnam‐dong, Seo‐gu Busan 49277 Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology College of Medical and Life Sciences Silla University 140, Baegyang‐daero 700beon‐gil, Sasang‐gu Busan 46958 Korea
| | - Jin‐Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science Gyeongsang National University 38 Cheondaegukchi‐gil Tongyeong‐si Gyeongsangnam‐do 53064 Korea
| | - Jae‐Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center IACF, Silla University 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang‐ro, Amnam‐dong, Seo‐gu Busan 49277 Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology College of Medical and Life Sciences Silla University 140, Baegyang‐daero 700beon‐gil, Sasang‐gu Busan 46958 Korea
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Alvarez Campano CG, Macleod MJ, Aucott L, Thies F. Marine-derived n-3 fatty acids therapy for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 6:CD012815. [PMID: 35766825 PMCID: PMC9241930 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012815.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, with stroke burden increasing, there is a need to explore therapeutic options that ameliorate the acute insult. There is substantial evidence of a neuroprotective effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in animal models of stroke, leading to a better functional outcome. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of administration of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on functional outcomes and dependence in people with stroke. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Stroke Trials Register (last searched 31 May 2021), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2021, Issue 5), MEDLINE Ovid (from 1948 to 31 May 2021), Embase Ovid (from 1980 to 31 May 2021), CINAHL EBSCO (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; from 1982 to 31 May 2021), Science Citation Index Expanded ‒ Web of Science (SCI-EXPANDED), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science - Web of Science (CPCI-S), and BIOSIS Citation Index. We also searched ongoing trial registers, reference lists, relevant systematic reviews, and used the Science Citation Index Reference Search. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing marine-derived n-3 PUFAs to placebo or open control (no placebo) in people with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or both. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS At least two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the body of evidence. We contacted study authors for clarification and additional information on stroke/TIA participants. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. The primary outcome was efficacy (functional outcome) assessed using a validated scale, for example, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) dichotomised into poor or good clinical outcome, the Barthel Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 100), or the Rivermead Mobility Index (higher score is better; scale from 0 to 15). Our secondary outcomes were vascular-related death, recurrent events, incidence of other type of stroke, adverse events, quality of life, and mood. MAIN RESULTS We included 30 RCTs; nine of them provided outcome data (3339 participants). Only one study included participants in the acute phase of stroke (haemorrhagic). Doses of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs ranged from 400 mg/day to 3300 mg/day. Risk of bias was generally low or unclear in most trials, with a higher risk of bias in smaller studies. We assessed results separately for short (up to three months) and longer (more than three months) follow-up studies. Short follow-up (up to three months) Functional outcome was reported in only one pilot study as poor clinical outcome assessed with the GOSE (risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36 to 1.68, P = 0.52; 40 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Mood (assessed with the GHQ-30, lower score better) was reported by only one study and favoured control (mean difference (MD) 1.41, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.75, P = 0.04; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for the remainder of the secondary outcomes: vascular-related death (two studies, not pooled due to differences in population, RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 8.00, P = 0.50, and RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.72, P = 0.49; 142 participants; low-certainty evidence); recurrent events (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.02 to 8.84, P = 0.57; 18 participants; very low-certainty evidence); incidence of other type of stroke (two studies, not pooled due to different type of index stroke, RR 6.11, 95% CI 0.33 to 111.71, P = 0.22, and RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.58, P = 0.32; 58 participants; very low-certainty evidence); and quality of life (physical component, MD -2.31, 95% CI -4.81 to 0.19, P = 0.07, and mental component, MD -2.16, 95% CI -5.91 to 1.59, P = 0.26; 1 study; 102 participants; low-certainty evidence). Adverse events were reported by two studies (57 participants; very low-certainty evidence), one trial reporting extracranial haemorrhage (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.73, P = 0.16) and the other one reporting bleeding complications (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 7.35, P = 0.47). Longer follow-up (more than three months) One small trial assessed functional outcome with both the Barthel Index for activities of daily living (MD 7.09, 95% CI -5.16 to 19.34, P = 0.26), and the Rivermead Mobility Index for mobility (MD 1.30, 95% CI -1.31 to 3.91, P = 0.33) (52 participants; very low-certainty evidence). We carried out meta-analysis for vascular-related death (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.35, P = 0.86; 5 studies; 2237 participants; low-certainty evidence) and fatal recurrent events (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.55, P = 0.37; 3 studies; 1819 participants; low-certainty evidence). We found no evidence of an effect of the intervention for mood (MD 1.00, 95% CI -2.07 to 4.07, P = 0.61; 1 study; 14 participants; low-certainty evidence). Incidence of other type of stroke and quality of life were not reported. Adverse events (all combined) were reported by only one study (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.58, P = 0.82; 1455 participants; low-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We are very uncertain of the effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs therapy on functional outcomes and dependence after stroke as there is insufficient high-certainty evidence. More well-designed RCTs are needed, specifically in acute stroke, to determine the efficacy and safety of the intervention. Studies assessing functional outcome might consider starting the intervention as early as possible after the event, as well as using standardised, clinically relevant measures for functional outcomes, such as the modified Rankin Scale. Optimal doses remain to be determined; delivery forms (type of lipid carriers) and mode of administration (ingestion or injection) also need further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorna Aucott
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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WU H, ZHANG Z, WANG Y, ZHANG T, QI S, TANG Y, GAO X. Investigation into the Properties of L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Seal Oil as a Potential Atherosclerosis Intervention in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:87-96. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong WU
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Zhengduo ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yuxin WANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Tianran ZHANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Shaojun QI
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yanjin TANG
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xibao GAO
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
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Kondo K, Arima H, Fujiyoshi A, Sekikawa A, Kadota A, Hisamatsu T, Torii S, Shiino A, Morino K, Miyagawa N, Segawa H, Watanabe Y, Maegawa H, Nozaki K, Miura K, Ueshima H. Differential Association of Serum n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Various Cerebrovascular Lesions in Japanese Men. Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 51:774-780. [PMID: 35477146 DOI: 10.1159/000524243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between a high intake of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) with a lower risk of coronary heart disease was previously reported. However, the association between n-3 PUFAs and cerebrovascular lesions remains unclear. We evaluated this association in a general-population-based sample of Japanese men. METHODS Participants were community-dwelling men (40-79 years old) living in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan. Serum concentrations of n-3 PUFAs, defined as the sum of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, were measured via gas-liquid chromatography between 2006 and 2008. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess cerebrovascular lesions (including intracerebral large-artery stenosis, lacunar infarction, and microbleeds) and white matter lesions between 2012 and 2015. Logistic regression adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors was used to estimate the odds ratio of prevalent cerebrovascular lesions per 1 standard deviation higher serum concentration of n-3 PUFAs. RESULTS Of a total of 739 men, the numbers (crude prevalence in %) of prevalent cerebral large-artery stenoses, lacunar infarctions, microbleeds, and white matter lesions were 222 (30.0), 162 (21.9), 103 (13.9), and 164 (22.2), respectively. A 1 standard deviation higher concentration of n-3 PUFAs (30.5 μmol/L) was independently associated with lower odds of cerebral large-artery stenosis (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidential interval, 0.67-0.97). There were no significant associations of n-3 PUFAs with the other types of lesions. CONCLUSIONS n-3 PUFAs may have protective effects against large-artery stenosis, but not small vessel lesions, in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kondo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sayuki Torii
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiino
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Segawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Preventive Medicine, NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Sottero B, Testa G, Gamba P, Staurenghi E, Giannelli S, Leonarduzzi G. Macrophage polarization by potential nutraceutical compounds: A strategic approach to counteract inflammation in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:251-269. [PMID: 35158030 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a main event in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and is closely associated with oxidative stress in a sort of vicious circle that amplifies and sustains all stages of the disease. Key players of atherosclerosis are monocytes/macrophages. According to their pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype and biological functions, lesional macrophages can release various mediators and enzymes, which in turn contribute to plaque progression and destabilization or, alternatively, lead to its resolution. Among the factors connected to atherosclerotic disease, lipid species carried by low density lipoproteins and pro-oxidant stimuli strongly promote inflammatory events in the vasculature, also by modulating the macrophage phenotyping. Therapies specifically aimed to balance macrophage inflammatory state are increasingly considered as powerful tools to counteract plaque formation and destabilization. In this connection, several molecules of natural origin have been recognized to be active mediators of diverse metabolic and signaling pathways regulating lipid homeostasis, redox state, and inflammation; they are, thus, considered as promising candidates to modulate macrophage responsiveness to pro-atherogenic stimuli. The current knowledge of the capability of nutraceuticals to target macrophage polarization and to counteract atherosclerotic lesion progression, based mainly on in vitro investigation, is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Testa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Gamba
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Erica Staurenghi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Leonarduzzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Turin, Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
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Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020294. [PMID: 35214752 PMCID: PMC8874781 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system. In this respect, a key factor in modulating the immune system, both in its adaptive and innate components, is the microbiota. While microbiota can be modulated in different ways (i.e., antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics), an effective and somewhat obvious mechanism is via nutrition. The science of nutrients and their therapeutic application is called immunonutrition, and it is increasingly being considered in several conditions. Our review will focus on the importance of nutrition and microbiota modulation in promoting a healthy immune system while also discussing the overall impact on vaccination response.
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Role of EPA in Inflammation: Mechanisms, Effects, and Clinical Relevance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020242. [PMID: 35204743 PMCID: PMC8961629 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic inflammatory processes are linked with the continuous release of inflammatory mediators and the activation of harmful signal-transduction pathways that are able to facilitate disease progression. In this context atherosclerosis represents the most common pathological substrate of coronary heart disease, and the characterization of the disease as a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is now validated. The biomarkers of inflammation associated with clinical cardiovascular risk support the theory that targeted anti-inflammatory treatment appears to be a promising strategy in reducing residual cardiovascular risk. Several literature data highlight cardioprotective effects of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This PUFA lowers plasma triglyceride levels and has potential beneficial effects on atherosclerotic plaques. Preclinical studies reported that EPA reduces both pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels. Clinical studies in patients with coronary artery disease that receive pharmacological statin therapy suggest that EPA may decrease plaque vulnerability preventing plaque progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the links between inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors, importantly focusing on the role of diet, in particular examining the proposed role of EPA as well as the success or failure of standard pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Kolar L, Stupin M, Stupin A, Šušnjara P, Mihaljević Z, Matić A, Jukić I, Kolobarić N, Drenjančević I. Does the Endothelium of Competitive Athletes Benefit from Consumption of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Hen Eggs? Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:388-399. [PMID: 35047435 PMCID: PMC8747964 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched hen eggs on microvascular vasodilation, microvascular responsiveness to a stress challenge and markers of oxidative stress in competitive athletes. Competitive athletes (n=23) were divided to a control group (n=9), who consumed three regular hens’ eggs daily (249 mg n-3 PUFAs/d), and n-3 PUFAs group (n=14), who consumed three n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs daily (1,053 g n-3 PUFAs/d) for 3 weeks. Endothelium-dependent responses [post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) and acetylcholine-induced dilation (AChID)] and endothelium-independent responses [sodium nitroprusside-induced dilation (SNPID)] of skin microvascular blood flow were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in pre- and post-acute exhausting exercise (AEE) sessions. Blood pressure, serum lipid, free fatty acids profiles, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured before and after each dietary protocol. Consumption of serum n-3 PUFAs significantly decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio and enhanced PORH and AChID, but did not affect SNPID at rest. Furthermore, serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in the n-3 PUFAs group but remained unchanged in the control group. In both groups, PORH, AChID, and SNP were significantly reduced post-AEE compared with pre-AEE, both before and after consumption of each diet. Only AChID responsiveness to AEE (ΔAChID) significantly increased following consumption of n-3 PUFAs. Overall, n-3 PUFAs supplementation as n-3 PUFA-enriched hen eggs enhanced microvascular endothelial function at rest and may contribute to adaptation to AEE in competitive athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kolar
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, Vukovar 32000, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia
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Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Volatile Compounds of Blueberries, Cranberries, Raspberries, and Cuckooflower Seeds Obtained Using Sonication Method. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247446. [PMID: 34946523 PMCID: PMC8704999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, thousands of tons of fruit seeds are discarded as agro-industrial by-products around the world. Fruit seeds are an excellent source of oils, monounsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. This study aimed to develop a novel technology for extracting active substances from selected seeds that were obtained after pressing fruit juices. The proposed technology involved sonification with the use of ethyl alcohol at a low extraction temperature. Seeds of four species—blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), and cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis)—were used for extraction. Following alcohol evaporation under nitrogen, the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and volatile compounds of the obtained extracts were analyzed using chromatographic methods, including gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) (GC–MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography–MS. We analyzed physicochemical properties, fatty acid, and volatile compounds composition, sterol and tocochromanol content of blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and cuckooflower seed oils obtained by sonication. This method is safe and effective, and allows for obtaining valuable oils from the seeds.
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McGranaghan P, Kirwan JA, Garcia-Rivera MA, Pieske B, Edelmann F, Blaschke F, Appunni S, Saxena A, Rubens M, Veledar E, Trippel TD. Lipid Metabolite Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease: Discovery and Biomechanism Translation from Human Studies. Metabolites 2021; 11:621. [PMID: 34564437 PMCID: PMC8470800 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids represent a valuable target for metabolomic studies since altered lipid metabolism is known to drive the pathological changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolomic technologies give us the ability to measure thousands of metabolites providing us with a metabolic fingerprint of individual patients. Metabolomic studies in humans have supported previous findings into the pathomechanisms of CVD, namely atherosclerosis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. The most widely studied classes of lipid metabolite biomarkers in CVD are phospholipids, sphingolipids/ceramides, glycolipids, cholesterol esters, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines. Technological advancements have enabled novel strategies to discover individual biomarkers or panels that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD, with sphingolipids/ceramides as the most promising class of biomarkers thus far. In this review, application of metabolomic profiling for biomarker discovery to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD as well as metabolic abnormalities in CVD will be discussed with particular emphasis on lipid metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McGranaghan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.A.K.); (M.A.G.-R.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Research, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mariel A. Garcia-Rivera
- Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (J.A.K.); (M.A.G.-R.)
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Research, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Cardiology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Heart Center Berlin, Department of Cardiology, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Blaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala 673008, India;
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Muni Rubens
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
| | - Emir Veledar
- Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33143, USA; (A.S.); (M.R.); (E.V.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tobias Daniel Trippel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (P.M.); (B.P.); (F.E.); (F.B.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Chou CL, Chen JS, Kang YN, Chen YJ, Fang TC. Association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with improved heart rate variability and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:8090-8099. [PMID: 34286806 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apart from dietary restriction and medical therapy, the benefits of cardiovascular protection offered by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements in patients with ESRD receiving maintenance dialysis remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of PUFAs on blood pressure, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognosis. METHODS We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Embase, PubMed (including MEDLINE), and Web of Science. We included seven RCTs that involved 724 patients with ESRD receiving dialysis and PUFA supplements. RESULTS The data indicated that compared with the control group, the PUFA group demonstrated decreased cardiovascular events (Peto odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.85, P = 0.009) and HRV (changes in the mean HR [mean difference = -2.59, 95% CI = -4.91 to -0.26, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%]; mean RR interval [MD = 29.03, 95% CI = 5.43 to 52.63, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%]; mean of the standard deviation of all normal RR intervals for all 5 min segments [MD = 2.73, 95% CI = 0.48 to 4.99, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%], and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent intervals [MD = 2.03, 95% CI = 0.04 to 4.03, P = 0.05, I2 = 0%]). CONCLUSION PUFA supplements appeared to improve CVD prognosis in patients receiving dialysis. Additional RCTs with longer follow-up periods need to clarify the benefits of PUFA supplements in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rasheed A, Rayner KJ. Macrophage Responses to Environmental Stimuli During Homeostasis and Disease. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:407-435. [PMID: 33523133 PMCID: PMC8284619 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Work over the last 40 years has described macrophages as a heterogeneous population that serve as the frontline surveyors of tissue immunity. As a class, macrophages are found in almost every tissue in the body and as distinct populations within discrete microenvironments in any given tissue. During homeostasis, macrophages protect these tissues by clearing invading foreign bodies and/or mounting immune responses. In addition to varying identities regulated by transcriptional programs shaped by their respective environments, macrophage metabolism serves as an additional regulator to temper responses to extracellular stimuli. The area of research known as "immunometabolism" has been established within the last decade, owing to an increase in studies focusing on the crosstalk between altered metabolism and the regulation of cellular immune processes. From this research, macrophages have emerged as a prime focus of immunometabolic studies, although macrophage metabolism and their immune responses have been studied for centuries. During disease, the metabolic profile of the tissue and/or systemic regulators, such as endocrine factors, become increasingly dysregulated. Owing to these changes, macrophage responses can become skewed to promote further pathophysiologic changes. For instance, during diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis, macrophages favor a proinflammatory phenotype; whereas in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to enhance tumor growth. Herein we have described how macrophages respond to extracellular cues including inflammatory stimuli, nutrient availability, and endocrine factors that occur during and further promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Rasheed
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Djuricic I, Calder PC. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072421. [PMID: 34371930 PMCID: PMC8308533 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose-response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Djuricic
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence:
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Stupin A, Cvetko A, Kralik G, Mihalj M, Šušnjara P, Kolobarić N, Ćurić ŽB, Lukinac AM, Kibel A, Selthofer-Relatić K, Jukić I, Stupin M, Kolar L, Kralik Z, Grčević M, Galović O, Mihaljević Z, Matić A, Juranić B, Gornik O, Lauc G, Drenjančević I. The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched hen eggs consumption on IgG and total plasma protein N-glycosylation in healthy individuals and cardiovascular patients. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1163-1175. [PMID: 34132788 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined the effect of n-3 PUFAs enriched hen eggs consumption on IgG and total plasma protein N-glycan profiles and inflammatory biomarkers level in healthy individuals (N = 33) and cardiovascular (CV) patients (N = 21). MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were divided to Control-Healthy and Control-CV subgroups (consumed three regular hens' eggs/daily (249 mg n-3 PUFAs/day)), and n-3-PUFAs-Healthy and n-3-PUFAs-CV subgroups (consumed three n-3 PUFAs enriched hen eggs/daily (1053 mg n-3 PUFAs/day)) for 3 weeks. Serum free fatty acids profile and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 and 10 (IL-6, IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured. Total plasma protein and IgG N-glycome have been profiled before and after dietary protocols. RESULTS Serum n-3 PUFAs concentration significantly increased following n-3 PUFAs hen eggs consumption in both n-3-PUFAs-Healthy and n-3-PUFAs-CV. IL-10 significantly increased in both Healthy subgroups, while no change occurred in CV subgroups. Derived IgG N-glycan traits: bisecting GlcNAc (B) significantly decreased in n-3-PUFAs-Healthy, while agalactosylation (G0) and core fucosylation (CF) significantly increased in Control-Healthy. Derived total plasma protein N-glycan traits: high branching glycans (HB), trigalactosylation (G3), tetragalactosylation (G4), trisialylation (S3), tetrasialylation (S4) and antennary fucosylation (AF) significantly decreased, while G0, monogalactosylation (G1), neutral glycans (S0), B, CF and oligomannose structures (OM) significantly increased in n-3 PUFAs-CV. Digalactosylation (G2) significantly decreased, and G0, G1, S0, disialylation (S2), B and CF significantly increased in Control-CV. CONCLUSIONS n-3 PUFAs consumption alters IgG N-glycan traits and IL-10 in healthy individuals, and total plasma protein N-glycan traits in CV patients, by shifting them toward less inflammatory N-glycosylation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvetko
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Nutricin j.d.o.o. Darda, HR-31326 Darda, Croatia
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Breškić Ćurić
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Vinkovci, Zvonarska ulica 57, HR-32100 Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Lukinac
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Memorial Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, HR-32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Manuela Grčević
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olivera Galović
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Brankica Juranić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Departments of Nursing and Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.,Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Lecerf JM. [Nutritional advices for postmenopausal woman. Postmenopausal women management: CNGOF and GEMVi clinical practice guidelines]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2021; 49:349-357. [PMID: 33753299 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a key period for health due to physiological changes, particularly of body composition (with decrease of lean mass and increase of fat mass) and of body fat distribution, leading to a higher risk for bone and muscular health and cardiometabolic health. Nutritional advices, associated to physical activity advices, may partially prevent these effects. The energy balance will be moderately negative if there is a weight gain, while the protein intake will be preserved and a regular physical activity will be increased. A Mediterranean style diet will be beneficial on cardiovascular health. Dairy products will be preserved, but restrictive and dietary exclusion will be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Lecerf
- Service de nutrition et activité physique, institut Pasteur de Lille, 1, rue du Professeur-Calmette, 59019 Lille cedex, France; Service de médecine interne, CHRU Lille, Lille, France.
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43
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Feng C, Li L, Li Q, Switzer K, Liu M, Han S, Zheng B. Docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates autoimmune inflammation by activating GPR120 signaling pathway in dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107698. [PMID: 33932699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) shows to have a beneficial effect in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases has been empirically well-documented, the molecular mechanisms that underline the anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs are yet to be understood. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS, we show that one of the underlying mechanisms by which dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is regulating the functional activities of dendritic cells (DCs). In DHA-treated EAE mice, DCs acquire a regulatory phenotype characterized by low expression of co-stimulatory molecules, decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced capability of regulatory T-cell induction. The effect of DHA on DCs is mediated by the lipid-sensing receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). A GPR120-specific small-molecule agonist could ameliorate the autoimmune inflammation by regulating DCs, while silencing GPR120 in DCs strongly increased the immunogenicity of DCs. Stimulation of GPR120 induces suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and down-regulates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, explaining the molecular mechanism for regulatory DC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kirsten Switzer
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Biao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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Wei T, Liu J, Zhang D, Wang X, Li G, Ma R, Chen G, Lin X, Guo X. The Relationship Between Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:635504. [PMID: 33959594 PMCID: PMC8094392 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.635504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the basic pathological process of many diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis and stroke. Nutrients can affect the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. At present, in nutrition science, the research on atherosclerosis focuses on which nutrients play an important role in its prevention strategy, and what are the possible mechanisms of its action. In the current study, the process of atherosclerosis can be affected by adjusting the proportion of nutrients in the diet. In this review, we pay attention to the effects of phytosterols, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenol, vitamin, and other nutrients on atherosclerosis, pay attention to their current epidemiological status, current nutritional research results, and prevention or a possible mechanism to reduce the risk of development of atherosclerosis. So that more personalized nutritional approaches may be more effective in terms of nutritional intervention responses to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangling Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruchao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou University Second Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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45
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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041074. [PMID: 33806218 PMCID: PMC8066148 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.
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46
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Kobayashi K, Ashina K, Derouiche S, Hamabata T, Nakamura T, Nagata N, Takenouchi S, Tominaga M, Murata T. 5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid accelerates the healing of colitis by inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-mediated signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21238. [PMID: 33715198 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903207rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
5,6-dihydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,6-DiHETE) is an eicosapentaenoic acid-derived lipid metabolite, which we previously detected in inflamed mouse colon. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological roles of 5,6-DiHETE in murine colitis and its underlying mechanisms of action, focusing on the effects on transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channel activity. Oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 2%, for 4 days) caused colon inflammation, which peaked on day 7 and gradually declined by day 18. 5,6-DiHETE concentration in colon tissue was significantly increased during the healing phase of colitis (days 9 to 18). In vitro study showed that pretreatment with 5,6-DiHETE (0.1-1 μM, 30 minutes) significantly inhibited endothelial barrier disruption induced by a TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A, 50 nM). Intracellular Ca2+ imaging also showed that pretreatment with 5,6-DiHETE (1 μM, 10 minutes) reduced GSK1016790A-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase in HEK293T cells overexpressing TRPV4. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of 5,6-DiHETE (50 µg kg-1 day-1 ) during the healing phase accelerated the recovery from DSS-induced colitis. Pathological studies showed that the administration of 5,6-DiHETE inhibited edema formation and leukocyte infiltration in inflamed colon tissue. In conclusion, we identified 5,6-DiHETE as a novel endogenous TRPV4 antagonist, and we also demonstrated that its administration promotes the healing of colitis by inhibiting inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ashina
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandra Derouiche
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Taiki Hamabata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanae Nagata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Takenouchi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Calder PC, Deckelbaum RJ. Editorial: Omega-3 fatty acids: new studies, new data, new questions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:109-113. [PMID: 33394717 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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48
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Darwesh AM, Bassiouni W, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Can N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids be considered a potential adjuvant therapy for COVID-19-associated cardiovascular complications? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107703. [PMID: 33031856 PMCID: PMC7534795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has currently led to a global pandemic with millions of confirmed and increasing cases around the world. The novel SARS-CoV-2 not only affects the lungs causing severe acute respiratory dysfunction but also leads to significant dysfunction in multiple organs and physiological systems including the cardiovascular system. A plethora of studies have shown the viral infection triggers an exaggerated immune response, hypercoagulation and oxidative stress, which contribute significantly to poor cardiovascular outcomes observed in COVID-19 patients. To date, there are no approved vaccines or therapies for COVID-19. Accordingly, cardiovascular protective and supportive therapies are urgent and necessary to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Accumulating literature has demonstrated the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) toward the cardiovascular system, which include ameliorating uncontrolled inflammatory reactions, reduced oxidative stress and mitigating coagulopathy. Moreover, it has been demonstrated the n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to a group of potent bioactive lipid mediators, generated endogenously, which mediate many of the beneficial effects attributed to their parent compounds. Considering the favorable safety profile for n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites, it is reasonable to consider n-3 PUFAs as potential adjuvant therapies for the clinical management of COVID-19 patients. In this article, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications secondary to COVID-19 and focus on the mechanisms that may contribute to the likely benefits of n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deanna K Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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49
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West AL, Miles EA, Lillycrop KA, Napier JA, Calder PC, Burdge GC. Genetically modified plants are an alternative to oily fish for providing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human diet: A summary of the findings of a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council funded project. NUTR BULL 2021; 46:60-68. [PMID: 33776584 PMCID: PMC7986926 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present primarily in oily fish, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are important components of cell membranes and that are needed for normal development and cell function. Humans have very limited capacity for EPA and DHA synthesis from α-linolenic acid and so they must be obtained pre-formed from the diet. However, perceived unpalatability of oily fish and fish oil concerns about contamination with environmental pollutants, dietary choices that exclude fish and animal products, and price limit the effectiveness of recommendations for EPA and DHA intakes. Moreover, marine sources of EPA and DHA are diminishing in the face of increasing demands. Therefore, an alternative source of EPA and DHA is needed that is broadly acceptable, can be upscaled and is sustainable. This review discusses these challenges and, using findings from recent nutritional trials, explains how they may be overcome by seed oils from transgenic plants engineered to produce EPA and DHA. Trials in healthy men and women assessed the acute uptake and appearance in blood over 8 hours of EPA and DHA from transgenic Camelina sativa compared to fish oil, and the incorporation of these PUFA into blood lipids after dietary supplementation. The findings showed that postprandial EPA and DHA incorporation into blood lipids and accumulation in plasma lipids after dietary supplementation was as good as that achieved with fish oil. The oil derived from this transgenic plant was well tolerated. This review also discusses the implications for human nutrition, marine ecology and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. West
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - E. A. Miles
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - K. A. Lillycrop
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesCentre for Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - J. A. Napier
- Department of Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - P. C. Calder
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - G. C. Burdge
- Faculty of MedicineSchool of Human Development and HealthUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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50
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Lin PC, Chou CL, Ou SH, Fang TC, Chen JS. Systematic Review of Nutrition Supplements in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A GRADE Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:469. [PMID: 33573242 PMCID: PMC7911108 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is cumulative worldwide and an increasing public health issue. Aside from the widely known protein restriction and medical therapy, less evident is the renal protection of nutrition supplements in CKD patients. This systematic review (SR), using a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, aims to summarize and quantify evidence about the prevention effects of vitamin D and analogues, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA), dietary fiber, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and biotics on CKD progression. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to examine SRs and/or meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Finally, seventeen SRs were included in the qualitative analysis. The beneficial effects of these nutrition supplements in CKD patients mostly seem to be at low to very low evidence on proteinuria, kidney function, and inflammations and did not appear to improve CKD prognosis. The recommendation of nutrition supplements in CKD patients needs to discuss with physicians and consider the benefits over the adverse effects. Longer follow-up of larger randomized trials is necessary to clarify the benefits of nutrition supplements in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807017, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235041, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Ou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, School of Medicine, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
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