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Hansson J, MacEachen E, Landstad BJ, Vinberg S, Tjulin Å. A comparative study of governmental financial support and resilience of self-employed people in Sweden and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2298015. [PMID: 38157432 PMCID: PMC10763823 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2298015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hansson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ellen MacEachen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bodil J. Landstad
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tjulin
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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Puig Llobet M, Roca Roger M, Nicolàs Silva T, Pérez Gimenez G, Agüera Z, Lluch Canut MT, Roldan Merino JF, Moreno Arroyo C, Prats Arimon M, Sánchez Ortega MA, Domènech Mascaró X, Hidalgo Blanco MA, Moreno Poyato A. The experiences of family members of persons with intellectual disabilities who used residential care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2288100. [PMID: 38055791 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2288100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). AIM The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. RESULTS Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. CONCLUSION The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Puig Llobet
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Roca Roger
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Pérez Gimenez
- Head of Sick Medical Nursing Area and alternatives to hospitalization, Granollers General Hospital, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Lluch Canut
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Roldan Merino
- Department of Mental Health, Campus Docent Sant Joan de Déu-Fundació Privada, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno Arroyo
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Prats Arimon
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Domènech Mascaró
- Personal attention to citizens. Upper Penedès Territorial Pediatric Care Team Upper Penedès-Garraf-Baix Llobregat Nord Primary Care Service. Vilafranca del Penedès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Hidalgo Blanco
- Department of Fundamental and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno Poyato
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Ramos-Ruiz JA, Pérez-Milena A, Noguera-Cuenca C, Ruiz-Díaz B. Social Experiences and Health Needs of Patients with Severe Mental Illness and their Caregivers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2310088. [PMID: 38345069 PMCID: PMC10863535 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2310088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strict isolation measures for the population imposed by the health authorities caused a prolonged disruption of informal social support networks. Both this new social situation and the decrease in accessibility to health care have generated new needs in people with severe mental illness (SMI) and their caregivers. OBJECTIVES This study provides insight into life experiences and health needs of a population with SMI during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. METHODS Qualitative design using semi-structured dyadic interviews, conducted from January through December 2022. A purposive sampling of patients with SMI and their caregivers was carried out through key informants in rural and urban localities in southern Spain. Verbatims were identified and classified by triangulation after the evaluation of the interview transcripts. The codes were defined through content analysis using the NVivo software. RESULTS Semi-structured dyadic interviews (21), identifying three main categories: 1. Social isolation: increased, causing greater personal vulnerability, exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms and exhaustion in caregivers. 2. Accessibility to Health Services: decreased with fewer face-to-face consultations, with difficulty in managing urgent situations and telephone attention in decompensated and disabled patients. 3. Continuity of healthcare: decreased with distrust in health professionals due to lack of communication between primary care and the hospital. CONCLUSION COVID-19 confinement exacerbated loneliness and worse health self-perception in SMI people. Greater formal social support was required. GPs role is key to avoiding delays in appointments and lack of coordination between primary and specialised care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Andrés Ramos-Ruiz
- Multiprofessional Teaching Unit of Family and Community Care, Jaén North - Northeast, Andalusian Healthcare Service, Jaén,Spain
| | | | | | - Beatriz Ruiz-Díaz
- El Valle’ Primary Care Center, Andalusian Healthcare Service, Andalusia, Spain‘
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Geng DC, Innes JL, Wang G. Survive, revive, and thrive: The impact of COVID-19 on global park visitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174077. [PMID: 38908585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on both the physical and psychological well-being of individuals. Throughout the pandemic and in response to various policies, such as lockdowns, movement restrictions and social distancing measures, parks and greenspaces received renewed attention as people used them to help cope with the adverse effects of the pandemic. This study explored the factors influencing park and greenspace visitation at different stages of the pandemic in 2020, 2021, and 2022, from both global and regional perspectives. Data were collected primarily from Our World in Data, Google's Community Mobility Reports and the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker, and a total of 125,422 park visits were processed. Stay-at-home mandates, vaccination availability, and school closures were the most influential factors globally affecting park and greenspace visitation in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. Post-2021, vaccination-related policies began to play a significantly positive role in the increase in park and greenspace visits. Following a global analysis, countries were categorized into five clusters based on social, economic, and cultural indices. The analysis revealed varying patterns of factors influencing park visitation across these clusters. Notably, income support policies were positively correlated with higher park visitation, particularly in low-income countries. Recognizing the significance of parks and green spaces as essential green infrastructure, this study suggests how the use of parks might have better coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and how future health crises might be addressed. At the same time, it considers different social, economic, and cultural contexts. Additionally, this work provides insights and suggestions as to how parks and greenspaces might be used to reduce the social inequalities exacerbated during the pandemic, especially in low-income developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Christina Geng
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John L Innes
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Xu Y, Wu Z, Xin S, Gao Y, Han Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Dong Y, Liu Y, Wang F, Li B. Temporal trends and age-period-cohort analysis of depression in U.S. adults from 2013 to 2022. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:237-243. [PMID: 38944291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of depression in the US population is 20.6 %. We aimed to understand the temporal trends in the prevalence of depression among adults in the United States during the period 2013-2022 as well as the effects of age, period, and cohort effects on the prevalence of depression. METHODS Data from 3,139,488 participants in the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2013 to 2022 were used in this study. The joinpoint regression model was used to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) to learn about the time trends in the prevalence of depression. Age-period-cohort models were used to estimate the effects of age, period, and birth cohort effects on the prevalence of depression. RESULTS The prevalence of depression among adults in the United States showed an overall increasing trend from 2013 to 2022. The rate of increase was greater in males than females, with AAPC values of 1.44 % (95 % CI: 0.32-2.18), and 1.23 % (95 % CI: 0.32-2.25), respectively. Regarding the age effect, the risk of depression among adults in the United States generally showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with age. The risk of developing the condition reached its maximum at 50-54 years (RR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 1.26-1.30). Regarding the period effect, the risk of depression among US adults was higher during 2018-2022 than during 2013-2017. The overall cohort effect for depression prevalence was a higher risk for those born later, with a maximum RR of 1.51 (95 % CI: 1.47-1.54). CONCLUSION The prevalence of adult depression in the United States is showing an increasing trend. Middle-aged people and those born later in life deserve more attention as high-risk groups. It is recommended that the condition burden of depression be reduced with the promotion of healthy lifestyles, the promotion of interpersonal communication, as well as enhanced mental health education and mental health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Zibo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Sitong Xin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yuangang Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Fengdan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No.1163, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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van Koppen MV, Bruggeman M, Houston R, Harte JM. Domestic Violence During the Corona Pandemic: A Comparison of Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Incidents of Domestic Violence in the Netherlands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2024; 68:1421-1437. [PMID: 36604814 PMCID: PMC9827140 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221144298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a widespread fear that the measures as a consequence of the worldwide corona pandemic have led to a significant increase in domestic violence and child abuse. The current study uses criminal files from all incidents of domestic violence that were reported to the police in a relatively large city in the Netherlands during 3.5 months before the pandemic and the first 3.5 months from the start of the nationwide shutdown, to compare the characteristics of the incident, the suspect and victim, how the case was handled and the involvement of minors. Results show that levels of domestic violence during the Covid-19-related restrictions did not increase compared to before the pandemic. During the pandemic, suspects were relatively more often men, the violence was less often reciprocal, more often took place inside the homes of suspects and victims, and was more often reported to the police by a witness than before the pandemic. Before and during the pandemic, minors were involved in respectively 34% and 43% of the incidents, mainly as witnesses of the violence between their parents. The results of the study may ease the concerns about the potential threat of domestic violence levels going through the roof during isolating measures such as during a shutdown. Limitations of the study are that official data from a single, but large, city were used and that we were not able to control for seasonal effects.
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Sugaya N, Yamamoto T, Suzuki N, Uchiumi C. Loneliness and Social Isolation Factors Under the Prolonged COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan: 2-Year Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51653. [PMID: 39250195 DOI: 10.2196/51653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worsening loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have become serious public health concerns worldwide. Despite previous research reporting persistent loneliness and social isolation under repeated emergency declarations and prolonged pandemics, long-term studies are needed to identify the actual conditions of loneliness and social isolation, and the factors that explain them. OBJECTIVE In this study, 3 web-based surveys were conducted at 1-year intervals during the 2 years after the first state of emergency to examine changes in loneliness and social isolation and the psychosocial factors associated with them in the Japanese population. METHODS The first survey (phase 1, May 11-12, 2020) was conducted at the end of the first emergency declaration period, the second survey (phase 2, June 14-20, 2021) was conducted at the end of the third emergency declaration period, and the third survey (phase 3, May 13-30, 2022) was conducted when the state of emergency had not been declared but many COVID-19-positive cases occurred during this period. We collected data on 3892 inhabitants (n=1813, 46.58% women; age: mean 50.3, SD 13.4 y) living in the 4 prefectures where emergency declaration measures were applied in phases 1 and 2. A linear mixed model analysis was performed to examine the association between psychosocial variables as explanatory variables and loneliness scores as the dependent variable in each phase. RESULTS While many psychosocial and physical variables showed improvement for the 2 years, loneliness, social isolation, and the relationship with familiar people deteriorated, and the opportunities for exercise, favorite activities, and web-based interaction with familiar people decreased. Approximately half of those experiencing social isolation in phase 1 remained isolated throughout the 2-year period, and a greater number of people developed social isolation than those who were able to resolve it. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed that most psychosocial and physical variables were related to loneliness regardless of the phase. Regarding the variables that showed a significant interaction with the phase, increased altruistic preventive behavior and a negative outlook for the future were more strongly associated with severe loneliness in phase 3 (P=.01 to <.001), while the association between fewer social networks and stronger loneliness tended to be more pronounced in phase 2. Although the interaction was not significant, the association between reduced face-to-face interaction, poorer relationships with familiar people, and increased loneliness tended to be stronger in phase 3. CONCLUSIONS This study found that loneliness and social isolation remained unresolved throughout the long-term COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, in the final survey phase, these issues were influenced by a broader and more complex set of factors compared to earlier phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Sugaya
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naho Suzuki
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Ma Q, Shi Y, Zhao W, Zhang H, Tan D, Ji C, Liu L. Effectiveness of internet-based self-help interventions for depression in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:604. [PMID: 39243081 PMCID: PMC11380195 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of Internet-based self-help interventions in treating depression in adolescents and young adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across six databases, including PubMed, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that satisfied the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention measure consisted of Internet-based self-help interventions. RESULTS A total of 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this analysis. Meta-analysis indicated that Internet-based self-help therapies significantly reduced depression scores in adolescents and young adults. (OR = -0.68, 95%CI [-0.88, -0.47], P < 0.001). We examined the effects of patient recruitment from various regions, medication usage, therapist involvement, weekly intervention time, and intervention duration. Patients selected from school, primary healthcare centers, clinics and local communities had better results. Intervention lasting 30 to 60 min and 60 to180 minutes per week were effective in the short term. CONCLUSION The internet-based self-help intervention can be effective in treating depression in adolescents and young adults. However, factors such as patient recruitment locations, medication usage, Therapists' involvement, weekly intervention time, and intervention duration interacted with the outcome. Subgroup analysis on potential adverse effects and gender was impossible due to insufficient data from the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250307, China
| | - Yimin Shi
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Traditional Chinese Medicine department, 238 Jingshi East Roa, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Educational Foundation and Humanities, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Huixiang Zhang
- Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250307, China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Traditional Chinese Medicine department, 238 Jingshi East Roa, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Congcong Ji
- Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250307, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250307, China
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Eugene D, Nöthling J, Tarsitani L, Palantza C, Papola D, Barbui C, Bryant R, Panter-Brick C, Hall BJ, Lam AIF, Huizink AC, Fuhr D, Purba FD, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Andriani D, van der Waerden J, Acartürk C, Kurt G, Burchert S, Knaevelsrud C, Witteveen AB, Patane M, Quero S, Díaz-García A, Morina N, Pinucci I, Sijbrandij M, Seedat S. Mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic: An international comparison of gender-related home and work-related responsibilities, and social support. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01497-3. [PMID: 39235474 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE : To assess gender differences in COVID-19 related changes in home and work responsibilities longitudinally, and determine whether these differences, together with other potential risk and protective factors, are associated with depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. METHOD Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD were measured using an online survey instrument, between May 2020 and April 2021, in four waves completed at 3-monthly intervals. Analyses were based on data from the COvid MEntal healTh (COMET) survey which investigated the mental health effects of the COVID-19 outbreak spanning 13 countries on five continents in N = 7,909 participants. RESULTS From the first to the last wave, women reported a greater increase in home and work responsibilities, and had higher depression, anxiety and PTSD scores compared to men. Women who reported a reduction in income due to the pandemic had higher depression scores. Working harder and experiencing a reduction in income were also associated with higher anxiety scores in women but not in men. Women were more likely to score above the cut-off for depression (32.5% vs 23.6%, p < .001), anxiety (21.2% vs 14.4%, p < .001) and PTSD (21.2% vs 14.4%, p < .001) than men during the first wave. Stronger reliance on socially supported coping mechanisms was a risk factor for depression, anxiety and PTSD in men and women. CONCLUSION Women were more likely to report mental health problems which may be related to the gender disproportionate increase in home and work responsibilities but not necessarily due to COVID-19 stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Eugene
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Institute for Social Innovation Fellow, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- HBNU Fogarty Global Health Training Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jani Nöthling
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Palantza
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Davide Papola
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Panter-Brick
- Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Agnes Iok Fok Lam
- Department of Communication, Center for Macau Studies, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Anja C Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Fuhr
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute of Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Health Sciences, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Divions of Insurance medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dhini Andriani
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Research Team, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ceren Acartürk
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gülşah Kurt
- School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastian Burchert
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Department of Education and Psychology, Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke B Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Patane
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Soledad Quero
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain and CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amanda Díaz-García
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza (Campus Teruel), Teruel, Spain
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Pinucci
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Amin J, Siddiqui AA, Ilyas M, Amin S, Aldaihan MM, Zafar H. The Psychological Impact of COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Pre-Lockdown and During-Lockdown Periods Among Saudi General Population. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:4303-4317. [PMID: 39246562 PMCID: PMC11380874 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s464037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has revealed substantial psychological impacts of COVID-19 among the general population. However, there is a noticeable gap in studies addressing the enduring anxiety levels before and during lockdown periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The study assessed and compared the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic before and during lockdown periods among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methods A validated and reliable General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 instrument was used to quantify stress levels by measuring anxiety. Nonprobability snowball sampling was used to collect data from 516 participants residing in Saudi Arabia. The difference in scores for each of the seven related questions of GAD-7 was determined using a non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test. Results A mild level of anxiety was consistently observed both before and during the lockdown, as indicated by GAD-7 scores of 6.17 (SD = 5.5) before the lockdown and 6.42 (SD = 5.7) during the lockdown. There were no differences in GAD-7 scores before 6.17 (SD = 5.5) and during 6.42 (SD = 5.7) the lockdown periods. However, levels of moderate anxiety increased by 5% during the lockdown period. Anxiety levels before and during lockdown were significantly associated with gender (χ2 (3, n = 516) =11.23 p = 0.01) and employment status (χ2 (3, n = 516) = 9.41 p = 0.024). Among the GAD-7 questionnaire items, item number 1 ("Feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge") (p= 0.00) and item number 7 ("Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen") (p= 0.025) showed a significant association with anxiety levels before and during the lockdown periods. Conclusion The enduring prevalence of mild anxiety, persisting both before and during the lockdown periods, underscores the profound impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Amin
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Ahmed Siddiqui
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of Management & MIS, College of Business Administration, University of Hail, Ha'il, 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Amin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College of Medicine and Dentistry,The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mishal M Aldaihan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamayun Zafar
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Salimian M, Tarrahi MJ, Dadkhahtehrani T, Pirhady M. The prevalence and related factors of post-partum anxiety and depression among mothers during COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2394. [PMID: 39227856 PMCID: PMC11373273 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many factors effective on occurrence of post-partum anxiety and depression. COVID-19 pandemic, as a major health crisis, affected many countries and had undesirable mental health outcomes, especially for the vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of post-partum anxiety and depression and their related factors during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 mothers who delivered their child during COVID-19 pandemic and had referred to the comprehensive urban health canter of Lenjan city two months after their delivery (from November 10th, 2021, until March 19th, 2022). Data were gathered using 3 questionnaires including demographic characteristics, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety and post-partum depression was 27% and 20%, respectively. None of the demographic characteristics had a significant relationship with anxiety and depression. Related factors to post-partum anxiety included desired pregnancy, premenstrual syndrome, marital conflicts, history of mother's hospitalization due to COVID-19, compliance rate with preventive health measures for COVID-19, stressful events, and social support. CONCLUSION It is suggested to screen mothers to detect significant related factors of post-partum anxiety and depression in other future pandemics or epidemics to support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Salimian
- School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Dadkhahtehrani
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Pirhady
- Nursing and Midwifery Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Su Y, Li M, Schmitz N, Meng X. The longitudinal patterns of depression subtypes and stressors in depression severity in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA). Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39221760 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The current study aims to characterize the longitudinal patterns of depression subtypes and investigate the associations among the stability of depression subtypes, COVID-19-related stressors, and depression severity. METHODS The study utilized data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, which is a national, long-term study of Canadian adults aged 45 and older (n = 12,957). Latent profile analysis was used to identify latent depression subtypes. Latent transition analysis was then applied to assess the stability of these subtypes over time. Hierarchical multivariate linear regression was used to explore the relationships among these identified depression subtypes, COVID-19-related stressors, and depression severity among males and females, respectively. RESULTS Distinct depression subtypes were identified. Except for atypical depression, other depression subtypes showed greater stability over time. We also found that melancholic depression (B = 9.432) and typical depression (B = 6.677) were strongly associated with depression severity during the pandemic. Health-related stressors (B = 0.840), conflict (B = 3.639), difficulties accessing resources (B = 0.927), separation from family (B = 0.840), and caregiving experience (B = 0.764), were significantly associated with increased depression severity. Sex-specific analyses also revealed differences in the associations between stressors and depression severity between males and females. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes valuable insights into the latent clustering of depression subtypes and their stability. Stressors were associated with increased depression severity, with distinct associations observed among males and females. These findings have implications for targeted early interventions and integrated clinical management strategies by providing the evidence base for tailored mental health care during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Population-Based Medicine, Tuebingen University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Sekine A, Tachikawa H, Ecoyama S, Nemoto K, Takahashi S, Sasaki M, Hori T, Sato S, Arai T. Online consortium managing COVID-19-related mental health problems. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e70006. [PMID: 39233747 PMCID: PMC11372234 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sekine
- Division of Psychiatry University of Tsukuba Hospital Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tachikawa
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Saori Ecoyama
- Division of Psychiatry University of Tsukuba Hospital Ibaraki Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Megumi Sasaki
- Ibaraki Mental Health and Welfare Center Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takafumi Hori
- Ibaraki Prefectural Medical Center of Psychiatry Ibaraki Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Prefectural Hospital/Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Clinical Educational and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
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14
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Lasalvia A, Bodini L, Pace D, Colombi M, Caruson MM, Van Bortel T, Bonetto C. Experienced discrimination and internalized stigma among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 and surviving COVID-19: Association with anxiety, depression, and insomnia symptoms. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:910-928. [PMID: 39056479 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
People surviving COVID-19 may experience social stigma related to their condition even after clinical recovery. This study aimed to: (1) investigate COVID-19-related experienced discrimination and internalized stigma, and (2) explore their association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. We conducted an online survey of people who survived COVID-19. Perception of stigma was assessed using the COVID-19 Experienced Discrimination Scale and the COVID-19 Internalized Stigma Scale. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia were assessed using, respectively, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for each psychopathological domain were performed. A total of 579 participants participated in this study. Overall, 25% reported some degree of experienced discrimination, and 23% reported some degree of internalized stigma. Adjusted odds ratio showed that scoring higher on internalized stigma related significantly to higher symptoms of depression (2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-3.39), anxiety (2.30; 95% CI, 1.48-3.59), and insomnia (2.54; 95% CI, 1.64-3.95), whereas experienced discrimination was associated to anxiety (1.55; 95% CI, 1.06-2.28) and insomnia (1.82; 95% CI, 1.24-2.69). Experiences of social stigmatization are frequent among people surviving COVID-19 and seem to be associated with levels of psychological disturbances. Further research is required to elucidate the direction of these relationships to implement effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lasalvia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- UOC Psichiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Bodini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Pace
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Tine Van Bortel
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chiara Bonetto
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Shi S, Wang Z, Chen X, Fu F. Determinants of successful disease control through voluntary quarantine dynamics on social networks. Math Biosci 2024; 377:109288. [PMID: 39222905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the wake of epidemics, quarantine measures are typically recommended by health authorities or governments to help control the spread of the disease. Compared with mandatory quarantine, voluntary quarantine offers individuals the liberty to decide whether to isolate themselves in case of infection exposure, driven by their personal assessment of the trade-off between economic loss and health risks as well as their own sense of social responsibility and concern for public health. To better understand self-motivated health behavior choices under these factors, here we incorporate voluntary quarantine into an endemic disease model - the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model - and perform comprehensive agent-based simulations to characterize the resulting behavior-disease interactions in structured populations. We quantify the conditions under which voluntary quarantine will be an effective intervention measure to mitigate disease burden. Furthermore, we demonstrate how individual decision-making factors, including the level of temptation to refrain from quarantine and the degree of social compassion, impact compliance levels of voluntary quarantines and the consequent collective disease mitigation efforts. We find that successful disease control requires either a sufficiently low level of temptation or a sufficiently high degree of social compassion, such that even complete containment of the epidemic is attainable. In addition to well-mixed populations, we have also analyzed other more realistic social networks of contacts, including spatial lattices, small-world networks, and real social networks. Our work offers new insights into the fundamental social dilemma aspect of disease control through non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as voluntary quarantine and isolation, where the collective outcome of individual decision-making is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simiao Shi
- Department of Mathematics, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 10 Xitucheng Road, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Xingru Chen
- Department of Mathematics, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 10 Xitucheng Road, Beijing, 100876, China.
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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16
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Cotter SJ, Smith CL, Gao CX, Khanna R, O'Donoghue B, Brown E, Thompson A. What impact did the COVID-19 pandemic have on psychosis and the delivery of early intervention psychosis services? Schizophr Res 2024; 272:79-88. [PMID: 39208768 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown occurred in March 2020 bringing challenges for early intervention psychosis (EIP) services. Limited evidence exists on the impacts of the pandemic on treatment outcomes among EIP clients. METHODS This prospective cohort study analysed routine data from 15 headspace Early Psychosis centres in Australia. Participants were 12 to 25 years, meeting criteria for First Episode Psychosis (FEP) or Ultra High Risk of psychosis (UHR) comparing those who commenced treatment 'pre-COVID-19' (between 16th August 2018 and 15th August 2019), and 'during-COVID-19' (between 1st March 2020 and 15th September 2020). Clinical symptoms at treatment commencement were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). with outcomes after 6 months compared between cohorts using linear mixed-effects regression, controlling for confounders. RESULTS Of 1246 young people analysed (653 FEP, 596 UHR), significant improvements were observed with treatment in both groups (5 to 13-point reduction in BPRS score per 6-months treatment). Treatment effectiveness reduced during-COVID-19 for psychosis symptoms, with the FEP BPRS treatment effect lower by 4.3 points (95%CI: 0.5, 8.1). UHR clients had lower BPRS negative symptoms during-COVID-19 (p = 0.020). Service contacts increased during-COVID-19, with increased telehealth services (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early intervention remained effective for FEP and UHR, despite the pandemic and transition of EIP services to virtual service delivery. Reduced treatment efficacy in FEP psychosis symptoms may indicate potential limitations of telehealth. Further research to examine longer term clinical and functional outcomes due to the pandemic is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine L Smith
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rahul Khanna
- Phoenix Australia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Mental Health Division, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellie Brown
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Valk SL, Engert V, Puhlmann L, Linz R, Caldairou B, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Bernhardt BC, Singer T. Differential increase of hippocampal subfield volume after socio-affective mental training relates to reductions in diurnal cortisol. eLife 2024; 12:RP87634. [PMID: 39196261 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a central modulator of the HPA-axis, impacting the regulation of stress on brain structure, function, and behavior. The current study assessed whether three different types of 3 months mental Training Modules geared towards nurturing (a) attention-based mindfulness, (b) socio-affective, or (c) socio-cognitive skills may impact hippocampal organization by reducing stress. We evaluated mental training-induced changes in hippocampal subfield volume and intrinsic functional connectivity, by combining longitudinal structural and resting-state fMRI connectivity analysis in 332 healthy adults. We related these changes to changes in diurnal and chronic cortisol levels. We observed increases in bilateral cornu ammonis volume (CA1-3) following the 3 months compassion-based module targeting socio-affective skills (Affect module), as compared to socio-cognitive skills (Perspective module) or a waitlist cohort with no training intervention. Structural changes were paralleled by relative increases in functional connectivity of CA1-3 when fostering socio-affective as compared to socio-cognitive skills. Furthermore, training-induced changes in CA1-3 structure and function consistently correlated with reductions in cortisol output. Notably, using a multivariate approach, we found that other subfields that did not show group-level changes also contributed to changes in cortisol levels. Overall, we provide a link between a socio-emotional behavioural intervention, changes in hippocampal subfield structure and function, and reductions in cortisol in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Louise Valk
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- INM-7, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for System Neurosciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lara Puhlmann
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Linz
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benoit Caldairou
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Baillet M, Wathelet M, Lamer A, Frévent C, Fovet T, D'Hondt F, Notredame CE, Vaiva G, Génin M. Association Between COVID-19 and Self-Harm: Nationwide Retrospective Ecological Spatiotemporal Study in Metropolitan France. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52759. [PMID: 39189893 PMCID: PMC11370185 DOI: 10.2196/52759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has not been associated with increases in suicidal behavior at the national, regional, or county level. However, previous studies were not conducted on a finer scale or adjusted for ecological factors. Objective Our objective was to assess the fine-scale spatiotemporal association between self-harm and COVID-19 hospitalizations, while considering ecological factors. Methods Using the French national hospital discharge database, we extracted data on hospitalizations for self-harm of patients older than 10 years (from 2019 to 2021) or for COVID-19 (from 2020 to 2021) in metropolitan France. We first calculated monthly standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2021, using a Besag, York, and Mollié spatiotemporal model. Next, we entered the SIRs into an ecological regression in order to test the association between hospital admissions for self-harm and those for COVID-19. Lastly, we adjusted for ecological variables with time lags of 0 to 6 months. Results Compared with a smoothed SIR of ≤1, smoothed SIRs from 1 to 3, from 3 to 4, and greater than 4 for COVID-19 hospital admissions were associated with a subsequent increase in hospital admissions for self-harm, with a time lag of 2 to 4 months, 4 months, and 6 months, respectively. Conclusions A high SIR for hospital admissions for COVID-19 was a risk factor for hospital admission for self-harm some months after the epidemic peaks. This finding emphasizes the importance of monitoring and seeking to prevent suicide attempts outside the epidemic peak periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Baillet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
| | - Marielle Wathelet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- F2RSM Psy - Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France, Saint-André-Lez-Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Lamer
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- F2RSM Psy - Fédération régionale de recherche en psychiatrie et santé mentale Hauts-de-France, Saint-André-Lez-Lille, France
| | - Camille Frévent
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience Lille-Paris, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1172 - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Michael Génin
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Lille, France
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19
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Kneeland IJ, Biesen JN, Fink BC, Keeling LA, Lindsey L. The Association Between COVID-fear with Psychological Distress and Substance Use: the Moderating Effect of Treatment Engagement. J Behav Health Serv Res 2024:10.1007/s11414-024-09905-3. [PMID: 39187735 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-024-09905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this brief report was to examine the association between COVID-fear with psychiatric symptoms severity and substance use risk in an outpatient population with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders and whether these associations were moderated by treatment engagement, especially after providers had shifted from an in-person care model to a telehealth format. A total of 136 patients receiving outpatient treatment for comorbid substance use and mental health disorders completed self-report questionnaires on their psychiatric symptoms, substance use, and treatment engagement (i.e., frequency, length, and helpfulness of phone and video sessions with a mental health counselor, psychiatrist, or primary care provider) in the past month between November 2020 and March 2021. Results showed that COVID-fear was significantly associated with psychiatric symptom severity, but not substance use risk. Additionally, perceived helpfulness of phone counseling sessions moderated the associations between COVID-fear and global psychiatric symptom severity, such that COVID-fear and global psychiatric symptom severity were positively associated when perceived helpfulness was low, and not associated if perceived helpfulness was high. The present results highlight the importance of directly addressing fears specific to a national emergency, as well as for providers to build strong rapport with their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith N Biesen
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33604, USA.
| | - Brandi C Fink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Larissa Lindsey
- Addictions and Substance Abuse Program, University of New Mexico Hospitals, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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20
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Zhu X, Zhu Y, Qi Z, Li R, Tan Y, Yang Z. Psychological status of medical security teams in Winter Olympic Games and Paralympics under COVID-19. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1308573. [PMID: 39253286 PMCID: PMC11381409 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1308573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Medical security work for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympics faced enormous challenges under COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental status of those medical team members to provide a reference for scientifically implementing medical security services for large-scale events. Methods In this prospective cohort study, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health (PQEEPH) were administered to 145 members of the medical team. A generalized mixed linear model was used to analyze the impact of work duration, position, on/off rotation, and gender on psychological status. Results Work duration significantly impacted depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and all dimensions of PQEEPH. Women scored higher than men in the PQEEPH dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, and total score. Working status affected the dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, and total score. Deterioration in emotional state became apparent in the fourth week and recovered 1 week after the task concluded, while self-efficacy decreased from beginning to end. Conclusion All the medical team members experienced emotional deterioration and decreased self-efficacy in medical security tasks. To maintain a medical team's psychological wellbeing during large-scale activities, rotation times should be set reasonably, and adequate mental health services should be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Qi
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
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21
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Li CJ, Zheng Y, Gan Y, Du Z, Cai X, Li Y, Wang W, Jiang T, Zhang Q, Niu L, Tao TJ, Hou WK. Mental health of primary health care physicians and nurses following prolonged infection control rules: a national survey in China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1392845. [PMID: 39247229 PMCID: PMC11377233 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1392845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examined the prevalence and correlates of probable mental health disorders, including psychological distress, somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety (PHO), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and insomnia among Chinese primary health care (PHC) physicians and nurses amid the post-pandemic period in 2022. Method Region-stratified sampling was conducted to recruit a national sample of 4,246 respondents from 31 July 2022 to 12 August 2022. A total of 692 primary healthcare institutions were identified in 30 provincial-level administrative regions of China. An online questionnaire was used for assessing probable mental health disorders using Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and sleeping problems using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Data on demographics and work were also collected. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify significant correlates of probable mental health disorders. Results A total of 4,246 valid questionnaires were identified. Results showed that relative to the prevalence of probable mental health disorders among health care workers at the early stage of the pandemic in China, there was an overall decreased prevalence except for somatization, PHO, and OCD among the current PHC physicians and nurses. Multiple logistic regressions showed that significant risk factors of common probable mental health disorders, namely psychological distress, SOM, DEP, ANX, PHO, OCD, PTSD, and insomnia, were female gender, multimorbidity, history of psychiatric disorders, quarantine experience, never asking anyone for help, and overtime work. Conclusion Attention should be given to preexisting psychiatric and multimorbid conditions, social support, and work-related stressors. Regular assessment and psychological interventions are needed to enhance the mental health of PHC professionals even after public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Jingru Li
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Shouyilu Street Community Health Service Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaohui Du
- Department of Administrative Management, Shanggang Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Cai
- Department of Administrative Management, Laoshan Community Health Service Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Administrative Management, Jinsong Community Health Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Administrative Management, Xinhua Shaocheng Community Health Service Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianwu Jiang
- Department of Administrative Management, Tianshui Wulin Street Community Health Service Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Administrative Management, Jiexin Village Community Health Service Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Niu
- Department of Administrative Management, Xinglin Street Community Health Service Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tiffany Junchen Tao
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Stokes K, Houghton M, Gato J, Tasker F. Surveying Psychological Wellbeing in a Post-Pandemic World: The Role of Family and Social Support for LGBTQ+ and Cisgender Heterosexual Adults in the UK. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1634. [PMID: 39201192 PMCID: PMC11353760 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have emphasized the importance of social support in mitigating the relationship between psychological distress and mental health effects, with family of origin and family of formation providing key sources of social support over the life course. However, LGBTQ+ people may experience family of origin relationships as a source of distress, while partners and friends may buffer the relationship between minority stress and psychological wellbeing. Through our online survey (March-June 2022), which was conducted when the social restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic were lifted in the UK, we considered the association between psychological wellbeing and sources of social support by sampling n = 1330 LGBTQ+ and cisgender heterosexual adults. LGBTQ+ adults generally experienced poorer psychological wellbeing outcomes than did cisgender heterosexual people. For LGBTQ+ adults, social support from family of origin, a special person, or friends was not associated with depression, anxiety, or stress levels, but social support from family or a special person was positively associated with higher levels of life satisfaction. Our findings indicate the importance of considering negative as well as positive wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Stokes
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Marie Houghton
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jorge Gato
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fiona Tasker
- School of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK; (K.S.); (M.H.)
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ge W, Wang L, Jia N, Li S, Li D. Impact of campus closure during COVID-19 on lifestyle, educational performance, and anxiety levels of college students in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2218. [PMID: 39148106 PMCID: PMC11325596 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher education students exhibit heightened sensitivity to environmental changes as they navigate the critical transition from adolescence to adulthood. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to universities worldwide, exemplifying a crisis that profoundly affects the learning outcomes and psychological status of college students. Although it is known that campus lockdown has triggered dramatic changes in lifestyles, learning outcomes, and psychological statuses, in-depth knowledge of the causal relationships among these changes remains largely unclear. METHODS Here, we conducted a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the impact of campus closure during COVID-19 on lifestyle, educational performance, and anxiety levels among college students. We surveyed over 3,500 junior college, undergraduate and graduate participants from 94 colleges/universities across 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China.We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between changes in lifestyle, educational performance, and levels of anxiety associated with campus open or closure regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Our results discovered that sleep duration, physical activity involvement, and social connections were crucial for sustaining students' learning outcomes and mental health. The shift to online learning and campus lockdown exacerbated stressors, contributing to heightened anxiety (β = 0.066), disrupted sleep patterns, and enhanced physical activity (β = 0.070) and reduced learning effect (β = -0.059). Sleep patterns were disrupted by the campus lockdown, an effect mediated by the degradation of relationships among classmates. Nonetheless, the best-fitting SEM uncovered the intricate relationships among lifestyle changes, learning outcomes, and psychological status in response to sudden environmental changes (Fisher's C = 80.949, P = 0.328). These results highlight the critical role of adaptable, supportive campus policies tailored to meet the diverse needs and interests of students during and beyond crises (Fisher's C = 59.568, P = 0.809). CONCLUSIONS Our study advocates for a holistic approach that addresses the multifaceted aspects of student life to cultivate a resilient academic community. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the effects of sudden environmental changes on students' psychological well-being and academic performance in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Wenci Ge
- School of Languages and Culture, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Ning Jia
- College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Shengxuan Li
- School of Languages and Culture, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
| | - Dongming Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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24
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Baqir A, Ali M, Jaffar S, Sherazi HHR, Lee M, Bashir AK, Al Dabel MM. Identifying COVID-19 survivors living with post-traumatic stress disorder through machine learning on Twitter. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18902. [PMID: 39143145 PMCID: PMC11325037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives and caused significant economic damage around the world, but its impact on people's mental health has not been paid due attention by the research community. According to anecdotal data, the pandemic has raised serious concerns related to mental health among the masses. However, no systematic investigations have been conducted previously on mental health monitoring and, in particular, detection of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The goal of this study is to use classical machine learning approaches to classify tweets into COVID-PTSD positive or negative categories. To this end, we employed various Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, to segregate the psychotic difficulties with the user's PTSD in the context of COVID-19, including Random Forest Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbor. ML models are trained and tested using various combinations of feature selection strategies to get the best possible combination. Based on our experimentation on real-world dataset, we demonstrate our model's effectiveness to perform classification with an accuracy of 83.29% using Support Vector Machine as classifier and unigram as a feature pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Baqir
- Complex Human Behavior Laboratory, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Northeastern University, London, UK
| | - Mubashir Ali
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Lee
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ali Kashif Bashir
- Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Woxsen School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, 502 345, India
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maryam M Al Dabel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Isler O, Yilmaz O, Maule AJ, Gächter S. How to activate threat perceptions in behavior research: A simple technique for inducing health and resource scarcity threats. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02481-6. [PMID: 39143388 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding our cognitive and behavioral reactions to large-scale collective problems involving health and resource scarcity threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, helps us be better prepared for future collective threats. However, existing studies on these threats tend to be restricted to correlational data, partly due to a lack of reliable experimental techniques for manipulating threat perceptions. In four preregistered experiments (N = 5152), we developed and validated an experimental technique that can separately activate perceptions of personal health threat or resource scarcity threat, either in the specific context of the COVID-19 pandemic or in general. We compared the threat manipulations to a relaxation manipulation designed to deactivate background threat perceptions as well as to a passive control condition. Confirmatory tests showed substantial activation of personal health and resource scarcity threat perceptions. This brief technique can be easily used in online experiments. Distress due to the threat manipulation was rarely reported and easily managed with a debriefing toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Isler
- School of Economics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia.
| | - Onurcan Yilmaz
- Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, 34083, Turkey
| | - A John Maule
- Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon Gächter
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
- CESifo Munich, 81679, Munich, Germany.
- IZA Bonn, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
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26
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Kahwaji A, Alaryan T, Alhelwani H, Salem M, Alsuliman T. Understanding the influence of social media on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in a war-torn Syria: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38956. [PMID: 39121327 PMCID: PMC11315535 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media has become a source of disseminating information to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak which has been a great advantage for healthcare centers. However, foreign anti-vaccination campaigns on social media increased the disbelief in vaccine safety. To our knowledge, the effects of social media on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance are not well-studied in low-income countries. The primary objective of this survey is to investigate Syrians' dependence on social media platforms to get information about vaccines, and to what extent it affects their vaccination decision. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Syria from May 26th to July 26th, 2022 using an online questionnaire as Google Form posted on various social media platforms. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions related to each of the socio-demographic characteristics, beliefs, and knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination, willingness to get vaccinated, and social media frequency use and its effects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with vaccination behavior. A total of 780 questionnaires were completed; around 42.2% of study participants did not get the vaccine, and 24% would take it only under compulsory rules. Also, only 3.08% of the participants answered correctly on the knowledge-evaluation questions. Results of the univariate analysis showed that being female, living in an urban residential area, and having good vaccine knowledge were positive predictors of vaccine receiving. The unvaccinated group had a higher likelihood of being college students, not trusting in the vaccine, knowing relatively less about the vaccine, and not having previously been exposed to the virus. No significant correlation between vaccination status and using social media was shown in our investigation. However, our results show the importance of social media information in health-related decisions in war-torn countries and emphasize further investigations to confirm causality and determine the best health policy choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Kahwaji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Thurya Alaryan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Moath Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Tamim Alsuliman
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Service d’d’Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
- INSERM, Paris, France
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27
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García-Rivas A, Martos-Cabrera MB, Membrive Jiménez MJ, Aguayo-Estremera R, Suleiman Martos N, Albendín-García L, Gómez-Urquiza JL. Anxiety in Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1575. [PMID: 39201134 PMCID: PMC11353448 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety in nursing students and the factors involved. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. BACKGROUND Nursing students are at an increased risk of developing mental overload, due to the presence of many sources of stress during their academic training. Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of the general population, especially on healthcare workers and consequently on students undertaking placements in healthcare settings. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 24 articles were included in the review, and 20 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. RESULTS We found that the anxiety scores of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic were slightly higher (50%) than before the pandemic. The most influential risk factors for developing anxiety were academics, age, gender, having children, living in urban areas or with family, having an addiction to social networks, and having a fear of becoming infected with COVID-19. Resilience, spiritual support and feelings of happiness protected students against the risk of developing high levels of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of anxiety in nursing students. Thirty-five percent of the meta-analytically analysed sample had elevated levels of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa García-Rivas
- Hospital Quirón Salud Sagrado Corazón, C. Rafael Salgado, 3, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Begoña Martos-Cabrera
- San Cecilio Clinical University Hospital, Av. Del Conocimiento s/n, Andalusian Health Service, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Raimundo Aguayo-Estremera
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Luis Albendín-García
- Casería de Montijo Health Center, Granada Metropolitan District, Andalusian Health Service, Calle Joaquina Eguaras nº 2, Edificio 2 1ª Planta, 18013 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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28
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Scales C, Tsai LL, Whitney S, Shaw M, Vrklevski L, Carey S, Hutchings O, Spencer L, Alison J. Maintaining the health of people with and without COVID-19 during isolation: a case study. AUST HEALTH REV 2024; 48:476-483. [PMID: 38616106 DOI: 10.1071/ah23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This case study evaluated the effects of a health package (HP) of a light intensity individualised exercise program and advice on anxiety management and nutrition, on the physical and mental health of people with or without COVID-19, who were quarantined in hotels used as Special Health Accommodation and admitted to the Royal Prince Alfred Virtual Hospital, Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic. After initial screening and consenting, participants completed three surveys: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; Brief Fatigue Inventory; and the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Levels, and were provided with the HP for the duration of their quarantine. The three surveys and a participant reported experience measure were completed prior to discharge. The HP for people in quarantine demonstrated stability of health outcomes and reduction in fatigue. Most participants reported that the HP helped them cope with isolation. Provision of a HP during quarantine could be useful to support physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Scales
- Special Health Accommodation, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling-Ling Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Whitney
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Miranda Shaw
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lil Vrklevski
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Carey
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen Hutchings
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lissa Spencer
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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29
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Brandt L, Anthonipillai NJ, López-Castro T, Melara R, Espinosa A. Substance use trajectories among urban college students: associations with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression before and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1717-1726. [PMID: 35728099 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored substance use trajectories and associations with mental health among an ethnically/racially diverse college student sample before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We combined repeated cross-sections and panel data from a total of 3,247 college students assessed with an online survey in 2018, 2019, and in three waves in 2020. We estimated trends in substance use and their relation to mental health over the survey waves using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results revealed notable associations between 30-day substance use patterns, time of assessment, and psychological well-being. These findings suggest a complex interplay between access to substances, context of substance use, and mental health. We discuss several initiatives that have been launched in response to the results of this ongoing study. Such initiatives may serve as examples for expanding similar efforts to other commuter colleges to prevent further increases in mental health problems and risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brandt
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Melara
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Espinosa
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
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30
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Chan SCY, Huang QL. The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between hope and life satisfaction among university students during a global health crisis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2311. [PMID: 39135702 PMCID: PMC11318025 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The worldwide health emergency sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic has deeply shaken educational environments, posing unprecedented challenges to university students' well-being. While individual links between self-esteem, hope, and well-being are established, their combined impacts during crises remain underexplored. Our study addresses this gap by investigating the interplay among hope, self-esteem, and life satisfaction within the context of university students navigating the challenges posed by the pandemic. Methods Conducting an online cross-sectional self-administered survey during Hong Kong's third pandemic wave, we measured hope, self-esteem, and life satisfaction using validated scales. Three hundred and fifteen university students (211 females; mean age = 22.08; SD = 2.74) participated. Results Through multiple regression and mediation analyses, our findings indicate that university students with elevated hope and self-esteem scored higher on life satisfaction measures. Specifically, our analysis revealed that self-esteem may serve as a partial mediator in the relationship between hope and life satisfaction, highlighting how heightened hope indirectly enhances life satisfaction by strengthening self-esteem. Conclusion This study reveals intricate relationships among hope, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students, particularly during external adversities like the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications extend to mental health interventions, emphasizing the potential benefits of cultivating hope and self-esteem to enhance life satisfaction among university students confronting formidable challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cheong Yu Chan
- Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social SciencesSaint Francis UniversityTseung Kwan OHong Kong
| | - Qi Lu Huang
- Department of Social and Behavioural SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong Kong
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31
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Hammond CJ, Van Eck K, Adger H. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Substance Use and Substance-Related Risk Factors and Outcomes: Implications for Prevention, Treatment, and Policy. Pediatr Clin North Am 2024; 71:653-669. [PMID: 39003008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Youth substance use and substance use disorders (SUD) are major public health issues associated with significant societal cost. The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and pandemic-related lockdowns, school closures, and social distancing dramatically impacted the daily lives of young people worldwide, resulting in major disruptions to normal developmental trajectories and complex (and at times opposing effects) on different SUD risk and protective factors, which contributed to inconsistent outcomes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, substance use prevalence rates decreased in the general population of US youth, but increased for certain vulnerable subgroups. Additionally, overdose deaths related to fentanyl rose significantly among US youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hammond
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 5500 Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Kathryn Van Eck
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1741 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hoover Adger
- Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Hendrix E, Narasimhan S, Ripkey CE, Zeidan A, Smith RN, Evans DP. " Boiling Water but There's No Pop-Off Valve": Health Care Provider Perceptions of the Effects of COVID-19 on Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:2442-2460. [PMID: 36942416 PMCID: PMC10033505 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231162043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to understand the effects of COVID-19, including movement-related restrictions such as shelter-in-place, quarantine, and isolation orders, on intimate partner violence (IPV) from the perspective of health care providers (HCPs) working at a public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. From November 2020 to May 2021, we conducted 12 interviews. Three themes emerged: (1) HCPs perceived that COVID-19 movement-related restrictions likely exacerbated IPV; (2) HCPs encountered many practice-oriented and community barriers in IPV care provision during COVID-19; and (3) HCPs suggested process and partnership improvements for IPV response. These findings can inform future pandemic preparedness including improved communication, improved IPV screening and follow-up, and strengthened hospital-community partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Hendrix
- Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Subasri Narasimhan
- Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- The Center for Reproductive Health
Research in the Southeast (RISE), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carrie E. Ripkey
- Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amy Zeidan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Randi N. Smith
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and
Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of
Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dabney P. Evans
- Hubert Department of Global Health,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- The Center for Reproductive Health
Research in the Southeast (RISE), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and
Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Fleming CE, Rose AL, Franzese AT, Weaver M. Longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of COVID-related factors. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1838-1851. [PMID: 38635345 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is an investigation of five specific COVID-related stressors and their longitudinal impact on adult depression and anxiety. METHOD A total of 592 adults comprised the initial sample at Time 1 in April/May 2020. Follow-ups were conducted about a month later, again in March 2021 and then in March 2022. RESULTS Applied linear mixed effect models showed a significant decrease in mean depression scores and anxiety scores from Time 1 to both Times 3 and 4. Neither change over time in anxiety or depression were found to be related to COVID diagnosis, COVID hospitalization, or COVID death. Self-quarantine was related to changes over time in both depression and anxiety, and household quarantine was related to changes over time in depression. CONCLUSION While the fallout of the pandemic continues, it is important to understand how these factors may be affecting mental health to better understand where intervention is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbey L Rose
- Department of Psychology, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexis T Franzese
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Elon Univerity, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Mark Weaver
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
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Feng D, Shi X, Wang J, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Li D, Wu R, Wei W, Miyamoto A, Yoo KH, Ye X, Zhang C, Han P. Telemedicine-medical "snack community"-PHS ecosystem: Insights into the double-edged sword role of telemedicine in clinical practice and medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230111. [PMID: 39175890 PMCID: PMC11335463 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Telemedicine has gained tremendous development during the COVID-19 pandemic. With deblocking and opening, telemedicine accelerates the evolvution of the medical "snack community" and undermines the perception of medical students and staff, which promotes the incidence of psychosocial-related disorders. Moreover, the inconsistent telemedicine adaptability between medical workers and patients aggravates the doctor-patient conflict due to the aging population and COVID-19 squeal. Telemedicine is colliding with the national healthcare system, whose synchronization with conventional medical service is crucial to coordinate the relationship among medical payment, patient privacy and qualifications of clinicians. This study puts more emphasis on the double-edged sword role of telemedicine in clinical practice and medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Overall, while telemedicine has demonstrated its utility in health care throughout the COVID pandemic, it is pretty critical to continue evaluating the efficacy and limitations of telemedicine in order to maintain equal access to medical service and high-quality medical education. A new concept as telemedicine-medical "snack community"-PHS ecosystem, where the psychological health education system and partners healthcare system with enough bandwidth, especially 5G technology, could optimize the effect of telemedicine on medical practice and education, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of RehabilitationThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuhan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dengxiong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruicheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wuran Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Akira Miyamoto
- Department of RehabilitationWest Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of UrologyKyung Hee UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Xing Ye
- Cedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of RehabilitationThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouP. R. China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology, Institute of UrologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of medicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Sharma A, Sharma S. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly in the United Kingdom: A review study. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:2826-2833. [PMID: 39228544 PMCID: PMC11368254 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1197_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the lives and lifestyles of several older populations in the United Kingdom. It was important to note how it has affected their physical, mental, and social health and well-being during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. To study the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the imposed restrictions on the day-to-day lives of the elderly population in the United Kingdom. A review of the published literature on the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences on the older population in the United Kingdom is done. Search engines used for medical databases were Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Internet Explorer. It was found that physical as well as mental well-being was affected in the elderly citizens of the United Kingdom. Mental health studies noted an obvious increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Social isolation and reduced access to healthcare services had a deteriorating impact on their social health. Covid-19-related lockdown and pandemic-associated physical, mental, and social well-being effects have been evident in the elderly population in the United Kingdom. The reasons identified for such findings are lack of physical activity, poor social interactions, social isolation, the perceived threat of a pandemic, and poor access to healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sharma
- Department of Elderly Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Medway, Kent, UK
| | - Sucheta Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, Medway, Kent, UK
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Danan LN, Poullé J, Bannay A, Baillot S, Laprévote V, Dobre D. COVID-19 crisis and the incidence of hospital admissions for psychosis in France. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:386-390. [PMID: 37748986 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the occurrence of new hospital admissions for cases of psychosis in France. METHOD We conducted a retrospective observational study from the French national PMSI database. We included patients hospitalized between 2018 and 2020 with a principal diagnosis of schizophrenia or delusional disorder with no history of psychosis in the previous 10 years. In total, we included 77,172 inpatients at crisis centers and/or in full-time hospitalization at 465 French hospitals. We assessed the number of inpatients during the year of the Covid crisis (2020) and the two years prior (2018, 2019). RESULTS The number of inpatients in full-time hospitalization decreased gradually from 2018 to 2020 by 10.6%. This downward trend was observed in all age groups. In contrast, in crisis centers the number of inpatients increased by 13.4% between 2019 and 2020, while a 7.6% decrease was seen between 2018 and 2019. The greatest increase was observed in the 31-60-year age category, and particularly amongst 46-60-year-olds, i.e. 38.0%. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 crisis was associated with an increase in the number of inpatients with a new episode of psychosis in crisis centers but not in full-time hospitalization. The profile of patients in crisis centers was different from that seen in preceding years and included more middle-to-late age adults. Particular attention should be given to this category of patients in the crisis environment to prevent the occurrence of new cases of psychosis in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara-Noëmie Danan
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 5420 Laxou, France; University of Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Jessica Poullé
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, 5420 Laxou, France; University of Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Aurélie Bannay
- Department of Evaluation and Medical Informatics, CHRU-Nancy, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Sylvain Baillot
- Department of Evaluation and Medical Informatics, CHRU-Nancy, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54035 Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Laprévote
- Grand Nancy Hospital-University Center for Adult Psychiatry and Addictology, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, 1, rue Dr-Archambault, BP 11010, 5421 Laxou cedex, France; Inserm U1114, Strasbourg, France; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Research and Investigation Unit, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, 1, rue Dr-Archambault, 5420 Laxou, France
| | - Daniela Dobre
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Research and Investigation Unit, Psychotherapeutic Center of Nancy, 1, rue Dr-Archambault, 5420 Laxou, France.
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Zeng Q, Shan D. Advocating for rigorous and multifactorial analyses in post-COVID cognitive research. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 49:101166. [PMID: 39188911 PMCID: PMC11345293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Zeng
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Li C, Lao W, Wang S. Risk assessment of unclean cooking energy usage from the perspective of subjective wellbeing: The mediating role of perceived physical and mental health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116603. [PMID: 38896906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although outdoor air pollution has been associated with adverse health outcomes and decreased subjective welfare, there has been a lack of research investigating the potential risks associated with indoor unclean cooking energy usage from the perspective of subjective wellbeing. This paper systematically assesses the risks of unclean cooking fuel usage from the novel perspective of subjective welfare and examines the mediating role of perceived physical and mental health applying a large-scale nationally representative dataset. Analytical results demonstrate that the usage of unclean cooking energy has significantly negative impacts on subjective wellbeing, and this finding has been confirmed through various robustness tests. The mechanism behind this impact is that unclean cooking fuel usage reduces people's perceived physical and mental health status, which in turn decreases their subjective wellness. Furthermore, the negative consequences of using unclean cooking energy on subjective wellbeing are particularly pronounced among certain demographic groups, including older, lower educated, married individuals as well as those with lower economic status, uncovered by medical insurance and having less social capital. Findings of this study highlight the risks linked to unclean cooking energy usage, as evidenced in the negative impact on perceived health and subjective wellbeing. In light of the increasing focus on improving indoor environment as well as enhancing people's health and wellbeing, results of this paper emphasize the significance of promoting access to cleaner and healthier energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Business School, Shandong University, 180 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai 264209, China; Centre for Quality of Life and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenyu Lao
- Business School, Shandong University, 180 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shiyue Wang
- Business School, Shandong University, 180 Wenhuaxi Road, Weihai 264209, China
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Sekimitsu S, Shweikh Y, Zebardast N. Effect of visual impairment on depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:e331-e337. [PMID: 36529268 PMCID: PMC9712066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between visual impairment, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional METHODS: This study included a cohort of US adults enrolled in the National Institute of Health All of Us Research Program. Individuals who were blind/visually impaired (BVI) were identified via SNONMED codes and compared to a control cohort. Prevalence of baseline, new, and worsened depression and anxiety, as defined by SNONMED codes and medication use were compared between the two groups. Anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 survey, respectively. RESULTS 324,915 participants, (7,526 BVI individuals and 317,389 controls) were included. BVI individuals had higher prevalence of baseline anxiety and depression (50.4% vs. 28.7%, p<0.001), new anxiety and depression (0.98% vs. 0.66%, p<0.001), and worsened anxiety and depression throughout the COVID-19 pandemic (0.19% vs. 0.07%, p<0.001) compared to controls. Being BVI was significantly associated with baseline and worsened anxiety and depression, after controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.61; 95% CI 1.46-1.78, aOR=2.07; 95% CI 1.03-4.13). Similarly, being BVI was associated with a 2.07-point increase on the GAD-7 survey (adjusted beta=2.07; 95% CI 1.32-3.27) and a 2.96-point increase on the PHQ-9 survey (adjusted beta=2.96; 95% CI 1.64-5.36). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that BVI individuals are disproportionately affected by anxiety and depression at baseline and throughout the pandemic, highlighting an important need to promote access to mental health services among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusrah Shweikh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex, UK
| | - Nazlee Zebardast
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sucato V, Sausa G, Gambino G, D'Agostino A, Evola S, Novo G, Corrado E, Galassi AR. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on acute coronary syndrome: Differences between epidemic waves. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 44:100422. [PMID: 39092075 PMCID: PMC11292252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2024.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Since the beginning of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, poor attention has been paid to the indirect effects of the pandemia on cardiovascular health system, in particular in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The aims of this study is to compare possible epidemiological, clinical and management differences between the four epidemic waves in groups of patients hospitalized for ACS with a view to highlighting the burden of the pandemic on the management of this syndrome. Materials and methods In this retrospective observational study we included 98 patients admitted to Coronary Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for ACS between March 2020 and March 2022, who underwent revascularization procedure using percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PCI). The patients examined were divided into four groups representative of the four epidemic waves that affected our country. Results The rate of hospitalization for ACS increased progressively to a 178 % increase in the third wave compared to the first (p = 0.003), with an increase of 900 % if we consider only Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (representing 54 % of the ACS diagnoses of the third group against 14.3 % in the first). Longer door-to-balloon times were recorded in the third wave for the increased presence of NSTEMI. The average hospital stay was lower in the third wave with 5 ± 2 days (p = 0.007) as well as mortality (5.1 % in the third wave; the highest in the fourth wave with 9.5 %). Conclusions The study show that the management of ACS suffered most from the indirect effects of the pandemic during the first wave, both because of the unpreparedness of hospital facilities and because of the fear of infection that has dissuaded people from asking for help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sucato
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Sausa
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Grazia Gambino
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Agostino
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Evola
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Egle Corrado
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ruggero Galassi
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
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Bitter AN, McCrea SM. "The ship is sinking, yet the band plays on": COVID-19 and academia. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1876-1885. [PMID: 36084157 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2097010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Researchers sought to examine experiences of stress, mental health, and work outcomes for those in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Graduate students and professors completed an online survey in June 2020 (N = 1,794). Methods: Participants completed measures of stress, depression, and anxiety as well as items related to work quality, productivity, and fulfillment. Results: 70% of graduate students reported higher than normal levels of anxiety, depression, and stress according to the DASS-21. Nearly half of professors reported higher than normal levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Multiple linear regression analyses found that higher levels of work fulfillment predicted greater productivity (f2grad = .15; f2prof = .08) and quality of work (f2grad = .10; f2prof = .12). Conclusions: Individuals in higher education are struggling with their mental health and considerations need to be made to help this group. Additionally, we discuss the implications of self-determination theory on work fulfillment.
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Panahi P, Zafardoust H, Mirzohreh ST, Khamnian Z, Alizadeh M. The study of mental health status of people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109834. [PMID: 38852496 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of people with epilepsy (PWE) in various ways. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the mental health status and prevalence of mental disorders including depression, anxiety, stress, and psychological distress among PWE. Furthermore, this study evaluates changes in sleep patterns and presence of sleep disturbances among them. The findings of this systematic review can help health organizations, policymakers, and health workers to better prepare and respond to future health crises for PWE and other chronic disease patients. METHOD This systematic review was prepared using PRISMA reporting guidelines. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases for studies that reported data on mental health parameters including depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, quality of life, and sleep quality, during the pandemic until May 2023. The analytical procedures were executed through the utilization of Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. RESULTS In our study, a total of 61 carefully selected studies were analyzed, yielding valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of various mental health indicators among PWE. The findings revealed that a significant proportion of PWE experienced distressing psychological symptoms, with depression being reported by 34% of participants. Additionally, anxiety was prevalent among 43% of individuals, while stress symptoms were reported by 49% of respondents. Moreover, a substantial portion of PWE, approximately 38%, reported experiencing poor sleep quality, further underscoring the multifaceted nature of the challenges faced by this population. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and comprehensive support systems to address the mental health concerns and sleep disturbances faced by individuals living with epilepsy. CONCLUSION The findings revealed that a substantial number of PWE experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and poor sleep quality. These results emphasize the importance of considering mental health and sleep assessments as integral components of care for individuals with epilepsy. The study underscores the need for further research and targeted interventions to address the mental health burden faced by this population. By prioritizing and addressing these challenges, healthcare providers can enhance the overall well-being and quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhila Khamnian
- Department of Community Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahasti Alizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Reay A, Dismore L, Aujayeb A, Dotchin C, Tullo E, Steer J, Swainston K. Analysing the patient experience of COVID-19: Exploring patients' experiences of hospitalisation and their quality of life post discharge. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:3634-3641. [PMID: 38661341 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES We sought to gain an understanding of the patient experience during their hospital stay for COVID-19, and the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life post discharge. BACKGROUND Symptoms of COVID-19 include a persistent cough, dyspnoea and fatigue. Individuals with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and approximately 20% of those diagnosed with COVID-19 are admitted to hospital. Following discharge from hospital, 40% of patients report a worsened quality of life and up to 87% of those discharged from hospital have experienced 'long COVID'. DESIGN A qualitative design was used to understand patient experience of hospitalisation following a diagnosis of COVID-19, and their experiences following discharge from hospital. METHODS Ten patients with a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 took part in semi-structured interviews regarding their experiences of hospitalisation and the impact on quality of life post-discharge. RESULTS The results identified three key themes from the interviews: communication and the inpatient experience, symptoms following discharge and regaining independence. Patients discussed their experience of hospitalisation and how this continued to impact their emotional well-being post-discharge. However, patients appeared to push themselves physically to improve their health, despite continued COVID-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients hospitalised following a diagnosis of COVID-19 experienced psychological distress during their hospital stay, as well as 3-months post-discharge. We suggest the use of psychosocial interventions to support patients post-discharge. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study provide a greater understanding of the patient experience during their hospital stay, which can support nursing staff practice. Additionally, the study provides in depth knowledge of personal experiences of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and the impact following hospital discharge. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patient's took part in semi-structured interviews via telephone to support the aims and objectives of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Reay
- Public Health, Hartlepool Borough Council, Civic Centre, Hartlepool, UK
| | - Lorelle Dismore
- Innovation, Research and Development, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK
| | - Catherine Dotchin
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK
| | - Ellen Tullo
- Geriatric medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Steer
- Respiratory Department, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Cramlington, UK
| | - Katherine Swainston
- School of Psychology, Population & Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Sheridan-Johnson J, Mumford E, Maitra P, Rothman EF. Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Cyberabuse, Sexual Aggression, and Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:3483-3507. [PMID: 38379202 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241233264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Quarantine guidelines that arose with the COVID-19 pandemic limited opportunities for social interaction, raising concerns about increases in intimate partner violence and cyberabuse while simultaneously restricting access to help. The current study assessed increases in cyberabuse, sexual aggression, and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a U.S. nationally representative sample of young adults ages 18 to 35, recruited from a probability-based household panel. Data were collected between November 2020 and May 2021. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence of any self-reported increase in cyberabuse, sexual aggression, or intimate partner victimization or perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression models were run for each outcome measuring any increase compared to no increase. Approximately one in ten U.S. young adults ages 18 to 35 reported experiencing an increase in cyberabuse victimization (12.6%) and cyberabuse perpetration (8.9%) during the pandemic. Similar proportions were observed for increased sexual aggression victimization (11.8%) and perpetration (9.0%). More than one in five respondents (21.4%) reported that their intimate partner was more physically, sexually, or emotionally aggressive toward them during the pandemic. Conversely, 16.2% of respondents reported that they were more physically, sexually, or emotionally aggressive themselves toward an intimate partner, compared to their behavior before the onset of the pandemic. Having an intimate partner and staying at home more than usual during the pandemic were protective factors for both cyberabuse and sexual aggression victimization. Respondent age, education, and race and ethnicity were not associated with increased victimization or perpetration of cyberabuse or sexual aggression. However, women reported lower odds of increased sexual aggression perpetration than men. These findings improve understanding of changes to interpersonal abuse and associated risk factors during a period of social disruption.
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Martinsson E, Garmy P, Einberg EL. School Nurses' Perceptions About Student's Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sweden. J Sch Nurs 2024; 40:401-410. [PMID: 35822231 PMCID: PMC9280116 DOI: 10.1177/10598405221112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has affected both the private and public lives of people worldwide. Countries have chosen different strategies to reduce the spread of infection, including school closures and distance learning. This study aimed to describe school nurses' perceptions about the wellbeing of students during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. Interviews in five focus groups and one individual were conducted with 17 school nurses in Sweden. The interviews were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. According to the school nurses' perceptions, students were concerned about spreading infection, becoming infected themselves, their academic performances, and longing for socialization. The change in the school situation involved a slower pace and less anxiety for some students, more or less physical activity, and an increase in screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martinsson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Einberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
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Arslan G, Coşkun M. Coronavirus-Related Stressors, Resilient Mindset, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1633-1651. [PMID: 36377653 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221139721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak alarmingly threats the mental health and functioning of people globally. The present study aims to examine the moderated mediation role of resilient mindset and loneliness in the association of coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms. We recruited 394 undergraduate students from a state university in Türkiye, ranging in age between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.76, SD = 3.88; 65% female). The main results revealed that resilient mindset mediated the relationship between coronavirus-related stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, loneliness moderated the mediating effect of resilient mindset in the coronavirus stress and depressive symptoms association. Taken together, these findings pointed out that the effects of the coronavirus stress on depressive symptoms can be captured better by underlying psychological mechanisms, namely resilient mindset and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammet Coşkun
- Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Turkey
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Vavassori M, Donzelli G. Impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures during lockdown period on eating disorders: An umbrella review. Nutrition 2024; 124:112463. [PMID: 38749229 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked or amplified many mental health problems. The aim of this study was to compile evidence from existing systematic reviews to provide an overall assessment of the impact of social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic on people affected by eating disorders (EDs). PubMed and Scopus were searched up to August 16, 2023. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were selected using the PRISMA 2020 statement. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Eleven studies were included in this umbrella review. Six main categories emerged from the studies described in the review: dietary changes and psychopathological effects showed an overall worsening of symptomatology; in studies concerning the impact of isolation and restrictive measures, it was found that social distancing was associated with feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression; limited access to direct care was found and therapeutic changes were made; the influence of mass media negatively impacted people with ED; several studies reported positive findings regarding symptomatology; finally, studies regarding 'impact on vulnerable populations showed that vulnerable people are more at risk of reporting body image distortion and eating disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted most of the population with ED leading to a worsening of specific symptomatology. In addition, this worsening of the condition may be caused by limited access to care and treatment, changes in routine, or to the negative influence of the media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriele Donzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council (CNR-IFC), Pisa, Italy
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Tutzer F, Schurr T, Frajo-Apor B, Pardeller S, Plattner B, Schmit A, Conca A, Fronthaler M, Haring C, Holzner B, Huber M, Marksteiner J, Miller C, Perwanger V, Pycha R, Schmidt M, Sperner-Unterweger B, Hofer A. Relevance of spirituality and perceived social support to mental health of people with pre-existing mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:1437-1448. [PMID: 38112803 PMCID: PMC11291591 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and related measures have negatively impacted mental health worldwide. The main objective of the present longitudinal study was to investigate mental health in people living in Tyrol (Austria) and South Tyrol (Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic and to report the prevalence of psychological distress among individuals with versus those without pre-existing mental health disorders (MHD) in the long-term (summer 2020-winter 2022). Here, we specifically focus on the relevance of spirituality and perceived social support in this regard. METHODS 161 individuals who had been diagnosed with MHD and 446 reference subjects participated in this online survey. Electronic data capture was conducted using the Computer-based Health Evaluation System and included both sociodemographic and clinical aspects as well as standardized questionnaires on psychological distress, spirituality, and the perception of social support. RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher in individuals with MHD (36.6% vs. 12.3%) and remained unchanged among both groups over time. At baseline, the perception of social support was significantly higher in healthy control subjects, whereas the two groups were comparable in regards of the subjective relevance of faith. Reference subjects indicated significantly higher spiritual well-being in terms of the sense of meaning in life and peacefulness, which mediated in large part the between-group difference of psychological distress at follow-up. Notably, both faith and the perception of social support did not prove to be relevant in this context. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to a consistently high prevalence of psychological distress among people suffering from MHD and underscore the prominent role of meaning in life and peacefulness as a protective factor in times of crisis. Therapeutic strategies that specifically target spirituality may have a beneficial impact on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Tutzer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timo Schurr
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Frajo-Apor
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Pardeller
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Plattner
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bolzano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Schmit
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Conca
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bolzano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Fronthaler
- Therapy Center Bad Bachgart, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Rodengo, Italy
| | - Christian Haring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy B, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Huber
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Brunico, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Brunico, Italy
| | - Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Carl Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Kufstein, Kufstein, Austria
| | - Verena Perwanger
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Merano, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Merano, Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Bressanone, Sanitary Agency of South Tyrol, Bressanone, Italy
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, County Hospital Lienz, Lienz, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Division of Psychiatry II, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Yongxi W, Zexin L, Yiqi L, Qianwen L, Xiaoliang X, Shichao W. Research on sleep disorders and related risk factors among healthcare workers from Fujian province supporting Hubei province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1390410. [PMID: 39144611 PMCID: PMC11322088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1390410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the impact of COVID-19 on the sleep of healthcare workers from Fujian Province supporting Hubei Province and its related risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous, self-reported online questionnaire survey was conducted among all participants. The questionnaire consisted of five parts: sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 epidemic-related factors, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5), and 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results Among 552 participants, 203 (36.8%) had a PSQI score > 7, indicating the presence of sleep disorders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sleep disorders were independently associated with a history of previously diagnosed sleep disorders (OR 6.074, 95% CI 2.626-14.049, P < 0.001), rotating night shifts > 3 times per week (OR 3.089, 95% CI 1.650-5.781, P < 0.001), using electronic devices before sleep >1 h (OR 1.685, 95% CI 1.131-2.511, P = 0.010), concern about contracting COVID-19 (OR 1.116, 95% CI 1.034-1.204, P = 0.005), perception of societal support for supporting healthcare workers in Hubei (OR 0.861,95% CI 0.744-0.998, P = 0.047) (OR 0.861, 95% CI 0.744-0.998, P = 0.047), non-medical staff (OR 0.257, 95% CI 0.067-0.987, P = 0.048), ESS score (OR 1.068, 95% CI 1.018-1.121, P = 0.007), and GHQ-12 score (OR 1.511, 95% CI 1.281-1.782, P < 0.001). Conclusion Sleep disorders were highly prevalent among healthcare workers from Fujian Province supporting Hubei Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk factors for sleep disorders included a history of previously diagnosed sleep disorders, rotating night shifts > 3 times per week, using electronic devices before sleep >1 h, excessive concern about contracting COVID-19, and poorer psychological health. Higher perceived societal support and understanding of support for healthcare workers supporting Hubei were associated with a reduced risk of sleep disorders, as was being non-medical staff. Providing more sleep hygiene education and psychological health services for frontline healthcare workers is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yongxi
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Zexin
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yiqi
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Qianwen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xie Xiaoliang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Shichao
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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50
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Zhang S, Liu M, Zhao L. Effects of different Chinese traditional exercises on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1420035. [PMID: 39145160 PMCID: PMC11323395 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1420035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the COVID-19 outbreak escalated into a global pandemic, there was a significant surge in mental health issues worldwide. Over the past three decades, traditional Chinese exercises (TCEs) has gained increasing recognition for its ability to regulate mental well-being. The aim of this study (PROSPERO CRD42024516002) was to comprehensively assess and carry out a meta-analysis on the impact of traditional Chinese exercise on personal mental well-being amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Literature with publication dates from 2020 to 2023 was searched in four databases, including CNKI, Wanfang, Pubmed and Web of science. The literature was selected layer by layer according to the PRIMA guidelines, and then the quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk assessment tool. Results A total of 174 articles were screened, and 10 studies met the criteria and were included in the study. The results showed that TCEs had a positive effect on anxiety symptoms [SMD = -1.68, I2 = 98.40, 95%CI = (-2.80, -0.56), p = 0.00] and depressive symptoms [SMD = -1.23, I2 = 89.23, 95%CI = (-1.87, -0.58), p = 0.00]. The data of subgroup analysis showed that Baduanjin exercise had the best effect on reducing anxiety [SMD = -2.29, I2 = 98.3, 95%CI = (-3.69, -0.89), p < 0.000]. Individuals who practiced TCEs less than or equal to 30 min each time had the best effect on anxiety [SMD = -2.06, I2 = 96.2%, p < 0.000] and depression [SMD = -1.90, I2 = 68.4, 95%CI = (-2.25, -1.55), p = 0.042]. Individuals who trained TCEs more than 7 times a week were most likely to reduce symptoms of anxiety [SMD = -4.30, I2 = 92.6, 95%CI = (-6.78, -1.81), p < 0.000] and depression [SMD = -2.39, I2 = 0.0, 95%CI = (-2.91, -1.87), p = 0.625]. It is worth noting that TCEs had the most significant effect on the improvement of depression in people aged 30-50 years [SMD = -1.58, I2 = 89.0, 95%CI = (-3.05, -0.10), p = 0.003]. Conclusion During the global pandemic, traditional Chinese sports have shown a positive and significant impact on reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, and have played a significant role in improving mental health problems. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024516002, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024516002.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Liu
- Physical Education Institute, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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