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Grant M, Ni Lee L, Chinnakannan S, Tong O, Kwok J, Cianci N, Tillman L, Saha A, Pereira Almeida V, Leung C. Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2331486. [PMID: 38564321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?
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Jia S, Yin Z, Pan H, Wang F, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhang L, Tang J, Yang H, Du J, Wang Z, Jin P, Peng Z, Tang R, Kang G, Wang X, Li S, Wang W, Li J, Shen H, Zhu F. Relative effectiveness of a heterologous booster dose with adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine versus three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in adults during a nationwide outbreak of omicron predominance, in China: a retrospective, individually matched cohort-control study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2332660. [PMID: 38678636 PMCID: PMC11057405 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2332660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Effectiveness of heterologous booster regimes with ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in a large, diverse population during the national-scale outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 omicron predominance in China has not been reported, yet. We conducted a large-scale cohort-control study in six provinces in China, and did a retrospective survey on the COVID-19 attack risk during this outbreak. Participant aged ≥18 years in five previous trials who were primed with 1 to 3 doses of ICV received heterologous booster with either intramuscular or orally inhaled ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine were included in the heterologous-trial cohort. We performed propensity score-matching at a ratio of 1:4 to match participants in the heterologous-trial cohort individually with the community individuals who received three-dose of ICV as a control (ICV-community cohort). From February 4 to April 10, 2023, 41504 (74.5%) of 55710 individuals completed the survey. The median time since the most recent vaccination to the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 was 303.0 days (IQR 293.0-322.0). The attack rate of COVID-19 in the heterologous-trial cohort was 55.8%, while that in the ICV-community cohort was 64.6%, resulting in a relative effectiveness of 13.7% (95% CI 11.9 to 15.3). In addition, a higher relative effectiveness against COVID-19 associated outpatient visits, and admission to hospital was demonstrated, which was 25.1% (95% CI 18.9 to 30.9), and 48.9% (95% CI 27.0 to 64.2), respectively. The heterologous booster with ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine still offered some additional protection in preventing COVID-19 breakthrough infection versus homologous three-dose regimen with ICV, 10 months after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zundong Yin
- China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Wang
- China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Chongqing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihai Tang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbo Du
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Canming Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Public Health, Southeast University; Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Wang
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University; Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University; Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhou C, Qiu Y, Wang J, Zhong X, Zhu X, Huang X, Yang L, Ji Q, Zhou F, Wu S, Yang M, Zhang J, Liu K, Ji L, Yang H, Li C, Zhao Y. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese participants aged 18 years or more: a randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase 3 trial. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2320913. [PMID: 38860446 PMCID: PMC10906127 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2320913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Continuous emergence of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enhanced transmissibility, significant immune escape, and waning immunity call for booster vaccination. We evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of heterologous booster with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine SYS6006 versus an active control vaccine in a randomized, open-label, active-controlled phase 3 trial in healthy adults aged 18 years or more who had received two or three doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in China. The trial started in December 2022 and lasted for 6 months. The participants were randomized (overall ratio: 3:1) to receive one dose of SYS6006 (N = 2999) or an ancestral receptor binding region-based, alum-adjuvanted recombinant protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (N = 1000), including 520 participants in an immunogenicity subgroup. SYS6006 boosting showed good safety profiles with most AEs being grade 1 or 2, and induced robust wild-type and Omicron BA.5 neutralizing antibody response on Days 14 and 28, demonstrating immunogenicity superiority versus the control vaccine and meeting the primary objective. The relative vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 of any severity was 51.6% (95% CI, 35.5-63.7) for any variant, 66.8% (48.6-78.5) for BA.5, and 37.7% (2.4-60.3) for XBB, from Day 7 through Month 6. In the vaccinated and infected hybrid immune participants, the relative vaccine efficacy was 68.4% (31.1-85.5) against COVID-19 of any severity caused by a second infection. All COVID-19 cases were mild. SYS6006 heterologous boosting demonstrated good safety, superior immunogenicity and high efficacy against BA.5-associated COVID-19, and protected against XBB-associated COVID-19, particularly in the hybrid immune population.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200066941.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- Adult
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Female
- Male
- Immunization, Secondary
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- China
- Middle Aged
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines
- Young Adult
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Adolescent
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects
- East Asian People
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- The Technology Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacy of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaolei Ji
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhou
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunquan Wu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Liu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Ji
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Li
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Luna-Muschi A, Carmo Borges I, Dos Santos Barboza A, de Faria E, Farrel Cortês M, Santos RB, Costa Silva B, Alves Maia da Silva C, Coelho Rocha E, Reis de Souza V, de Araujo Eliodoro RH, Mendes de Oliveira F, Carolina Mamana A, Miyuki Hidifira A, Nishikawara M, Bertollo Gomes Porto V, Paula B Barboza A, Sampaio V, Mariângela Simão, Lazari CS, Segurado AC, Kallas EG, Marli C Sartori A, Levin AS, Cerdeira Sabino E, Figueiredo Costa S. Duration of vaccine protection against breakthrough infections during five COVID-19 waves among healthcare workers primarily vaccinated with CoronaVac. Vaccine 2024; 42:126114. [PMID: 39019656 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to characterise vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 during five waves caused by Variants of Concern (VOCs). This is a nested case-control study of 3,972 HCW primarily vaccinated with CoronaVac (98%) that evaluated symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BI) in almost two-years follow-up until the 3rd Omicron wave. Predictors of protection against SARS-CoV-2 BI were analysed using conditional logistic regression models. We included 1,491 SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough cases, mostly mild, and 2,962 controls. Most participants (90%) had received at least one booster before the onset of the Omicron waves, mainly BNT162b2. A multivariate logistic regression showed that vaccine-induced protection against BI wanes after six months regardless of the number of monovalent booster doses. Additionally, booster dose with BNT162b2 showed a trend for higher protection compared to CoronaVac during the Omicron waves. In conclusion, immunity of monovalent booster doses against SARS-CoV-2 is short-lasting. Individuals previously vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine should receive a BNT162B2 booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Luna-Muschi
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Igor Carmo Borges
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elizabeth de Faria
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Farrel Cortês
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli B Santos
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Costa Silva
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Maia da Silva
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esmenia Coelho Rocha
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Reis de Souza
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raissa H de Araujo Eliodoro
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mendes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Mamana
- LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Miyuki Hidifira
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli Nishikawara
- Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula B Barboza
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina S Lazari
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aluisio C Segurado
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marli C Sartori
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S Levin
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-46, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; LIM-49, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Divisao de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Poh XY, Torres-Ruesta A, Yoong T, Wong N, Tan CW, Rouers A, Chavatte JM, Goh YS, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Sadarangani SP, Lin RJH, Neo V, Kam IKJ, Huang Y, Hor PX, Loh CY, Yeoh AYY, Lim DRX, Chia W, Ren EC, Lin RTP, Fong SW, Renia L, Lye DC, Wang LF, Ng LFP, Young BE. Immunogenicity of mRNA vs. BBV152 vaccine boosters against Omicron subvariants: Final results from Phase B of the PRIBIVAC study, a randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:126275. [PMID: 39241318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BBV152 (Covaxin™) is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine mixed with an immune adjuvant. We aimed to compare immune responses after booster vaccination with heterologous BBV152 versus homologous mRNA vaccine. METHODS We conducted a randomized, participant-blinded, controlled trial. Fifty mRNA-vaccinated participants were enrolled and randomized to receive an mRNA booster (n = 26) or BBV152 (n = 24). Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination, and at Day 7, 28, 180 and 360 post-booster for analysis of humoral and cellular immune responses. Primary end point was the SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titer at day 28. RESULTS Recruitment began in January 2022 and was terminated early due to the BBV152 group meeting pre-specified criteria for futility. At Day 28 post-boost, mean SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers were lower with BBV152 (2004 IU/mL; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1132-3548) vs mRNA (26,669 IU/mL; 95 % CI, 21,330-33,266; p < 0.0001), but comparable levels of spike-specific CD4 and cytotoxic T-cells were observed. Anti-spike antibody titers remained significantly different at Day 180: BBV152 4467 IU/mL (95 % CI, 1959-10,186) vs mRNA 20,749 IU/mL (95 % CI, 12,303-35,075; p = 0.0017). Levels of surrogate virus neutralizing antibodies against ancestral and Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 were significantly higher among mRNA recipients at Day 180, including after adjusting for intercurrent infection. By Day 360, anti-spike antibody titers and neutralizing antibody levels against Omicron subvariants became similar between vaccine groups. By the end of the study, 16 in each arm (mRNA 64 % and BBV152 69.6 %) had breakthrough infections and time to COVID-19 infection between vaccine groups were similar (p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titer and surrogate virus neutralizing test levels against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron subvariants BA.1/BA.2/BA.5 were significantly higher at Day 28 and 180 in individuals who received booster vaccination with an mRNA vaccine compared with BBV152. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05142319.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Female
- Male
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Adult
- Immunization, Secondary/methods
- Middle Aged
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
- Young Adult
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Cellular
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Nathan Wong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Angeline Rouers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sapna P Sadarangani
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ray J H Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Neo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Isaac Kai Jie Kam
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yuling Huang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Daniel R X Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | | | - Ee Chee Ren
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK; National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, UK.
| | - Barnaby E Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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6
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Hojo-Souza NS, de Castro JT, Rivelli GG, Azevedo PO, Oliveira ER, Faustino LP, Salazar N, Bagno FF, Carvalho AF, Rattis B, Lourenço KL, Gomes IP, Assis BRD, Piccin M, Fonseca FG, Durigon E, Silva JS, de Souza RP, Goulart GAC, Santiago H, Fernandes APS, Teixeira SR, Gazzinelli RT. SpiN-Tec: A T cell-based recombinant vaccine that is safe, immunogenic, and shows high efficacy in experimental models challenged with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine 2024; 42:126394. [PMID: 39368129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern associated with waning immunity induced by natural infection or vaccines currently in use suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic will become endemic. Investing in new booster vaccines using different platforms is a promising way to enhance protection and keep the disease under control. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the SpiN-Tec vaccine, based on a chimeric recombinant protein (SpiN) adjuvanted with CTVad1 (MF59-based adjuvant), aiming at boosting immunity against variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Immunization of K18-hACE-2 transgenic mice and hamsters induced high antibody titers and cellular immune response to the SpiN protein as well as to its components, RBD and N proteins. Importantly in a heterologous prime/boost protocol with a COVID-19 vaccine approved for emergency use (ChAdOx1), SpiN-Tec enhanced the level of circulation neutralizing antibodies (nAb). In addition to protection against the Wuhan isolate, protection against the Delta and Omicron variants was also observed as shown by reduced viral load and lung pathology. Toxicity and safety tests performed in rats demonstrated that the SpiN-Tec vaccine was safe and, based on these results, the SpiN-Tec phase I/II clinical trial was approved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Hojo-Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | - Júlia T de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil; Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella G Rivelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrick O Azevedo
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | | | - Lídia P Faustino
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | - Natália Salazar
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia F Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex F Carvalho
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rattis
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine L Lourenço
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela P Gomes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna R D Assis
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariela Piccin
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio G Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edison Durigon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P de Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele A C Goulart
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helton Santiago
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza R Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Adriaensen W, Oostvogels S, Levy Y, Leigh B, Kavunga-Membo H, Watson-Jones D. Urgent considerations for booster vaccination strategies against Ebola virus disease. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:e647-e653. [PMID: 38734010 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
With two endorsed and prophylactic vaccines against Zaire ebolavirus (referred to hereafter as EBOV), the number of individuals vaccinated against EBOV worldwide is estimated to range between 500 000 and 1 000 000 individuals, increasing with every renewed EBOV threat and vaccination campaign. Therefore, re-exposure of previously vaccinated health-care workers, and possibly community members, could become more frequent. In the absence of long-term data on vaccine efficacy and duration of protection, we urgently need to understand revaccination strategies that could maximise the level of protection. In this Personal View, we highlight the scarcity of available evidence to guide revaccination recommendations for the accumulating groups of previously vaccinated communities or front-line health-care workers that could be redeployed or re-exposed in the next EBOV outbreak(s). This evidence base is crucial to identify optimal target populations and the frequency of booster doses, and guide vaccine interchangeability (especially in settings with limited or unpredictable vaccine supplies), while preventing vaccine mistrust, equity concerns, and exclusion of vulnerable populations. We discuss five priority gaps (to whom, when, and how frequently, to provide booster doses; long-term correlates and thresholds of protection; the effect of vector-directed immunity and viral variant protection; comparative research in mix-and-match schedules; and implementation concerns) that should be urgently tackled to adapt the initial EBOV prophylactic vaccination strategies considering potential booster dose vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Adriaensen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Selien Oostvogels
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Bailah Leigh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Hugo Kavunga-Membo
- Rodolphe Merieux Laboratory INRB-Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo; University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Deborah Watson-Jones
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
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8
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Patil R, Palkar S, Mishra A, Arankalle V. Neutralizing Antibodies against 10 SARS-CoV-2 Variants at Two Years Post-COVISHIELD Vaccination with Special Reference to Omicron Subvariants and Booster Administration. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1039. [PMID: 39340071 PMCID: PMC11435521 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To study the durability of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against ten SARS-CoV-2 variants among COVISHIELD vaccine recipients from Pune, India, 184 vaccinee samples with (pre-positives) or without (pre-negatives) prior antibody positivity were evaluated. To estimate NAb levels, a validated ten-plex MSD ACE2 neutralization assay was used. NAbs against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron/subvariants were assessed at 1 month (PD2-1) and 6 months (PD2-6) post-vaccination, post-booster dose, and 2 years (2Y) post-vaccination. In pre-negatives, the seropositivity declined from PD2-1 to PD2-6 for all variants (Omicron variants: 14-54% to 0%; non-Omicron variants: 66-100% to 8-44%). In pre-positives, the decline in seropositivity from PD2-1 to PD2-6 was seen only for Omicron variants (14-39%). At PD2-6, a significant reduction in NAb levels was observed in all vaccinees against all the variants. Irrespective of prior exposure, the diminished anti-variant antibody levels at PD2-6 increased significantly following the administration of the booster. In conclusion, the COVISHIELD vaccine booster dose did provide cross-neutralizing antibodies against broad-range SARS-CoV-2 variants with improved durability up to [16 (15-18)] months post-booster dose and two years post-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Patil
- Department of Translational Virology, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhileshchandra Mishra
- Department of Translational Virology, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidya Arankalle
- Department of Translational Virology, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Santi T, Jo J, Harahap AR, Werdhani RA, Hadinegoro SRS, SahBandar IN, Prayitno A, Munasir Z, Vandenplas Y, Hegar B. The Improvement of Adaptive Immune Responses towards COVID-19 Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations in Indonesian Children: Exploring the Roles of Heterologous Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1032. [PMID: 39340062 PMCID: PMC11435621 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine childhood vaccination, e.g., for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP), might provide additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This concept of heterologous immunity was explored in healthy children receiving both DTP and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 154 healthy children aged 6-8 years old in Jakarta, Indonesia. Their vaccination status for the DTP (including a diphtheria-tetanus booster vaccine at 5 years old) and CoronaVac (from 6 years old) vaccines were recorded. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants, in which anti-diphtheria toxoid IgG and anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD antibodies and T cell-derived IFN-γ were measured. RESULTS The study participants with complete DTP vaccination had significantly higher titers of anti-diphtheria toxoid IgG than the ones without (median = 0.9349 versus 0.2113 IU/mL; p < 0.0001). Upon stratification based on DTP and CoronaVac vaccination statuses, the participants with complete DTP and CoronaVac vaccinations had the highest titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD antibodies (median = 1196 U/mL) and the highest concentration of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell-derived IFN-γ (median = 560.9 mIU/mL) among all the groups. CONCLUSIONS Healthy children aged 6-8 years old with complete DTP and CoronaVac vaccinations exhibited stronger SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immune responses. This might suggest an additional benefit of routine childhood vaccination in generating protection against novel pathogens, presumably via heterologous immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Santi
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Juandy Jo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
| | - Alida Roswita Harahap
- Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Retno Asti Werdhani
- Department of Community Medicine, Cipto Mangunkkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Rezeki S Hadinegoro
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ivo Novita SahBandar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ari Prayitno
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Zakiudin Munasir
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Department of Pediatric, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Badriul Hegar
- Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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10
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Ding X, Zhao F, Liu Z, Yao J, Yu H, Zhang X. Original antigenic sin: A potential double-edged effect for vaccine improvement. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117187. [PMID: 39084082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Original antigenic sin (OAS) influences the immune response to subsequent infections with related variants following initial pathogen exposure. This phenomenon is characterized by cross-reactivity, which, although it may worsen infections, also provides a degree of protection against immune evasion caused by variations. This paradox complicates the development of creating universal vaccinations, as they frequently show diminished effectiveness against these emerging variants. This review aims to elucidate the diverse impacts of OAS on the immune response to various infections, emphasizing the complicated balance between beneficial and harmful outcomes. Moreover, we evaluate the influence of adjuvants and other variables on the extent of OAS, hence affecting the effectiveness of vaccines. Understanding the mechanisms of OAS that cause persistent infections and evasion of the immune system is crucial for the developing innovative vaccines. And it has significant potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ding
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Feijun Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Laboratory Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Jiangchen Yao
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases &Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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11
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Süner A, Ergör G, Çağlayan D, Türe N, Güzel I, Irmak Ç, Işık E, Appak Ö, Çelik M, Öztürk G, Çavuş S, Sayiner A, Ergör A, Demiral Y, Kilic B. Waning Humoral Immune Response Following the Third and Fourth SARS-COV-2 Vaccine: A Cohort Study in Healthcare Workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e70003. [PMID: 39189319 PMCID: PMC11347934 DOI: 10.1111/irv.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed at providing information about the timing of booster doses and antibody kinetics in healthcare workers. METHODS This research extends a prospective cohort study conducted at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital in Turkey, covering the period from March 2021 to December 2021. During this timeframe, the antibody levels of the health workers were measured at four different time points. The associations of antibody levels with gender, age, occupation, body mass index (BMI), chronic disease, and smoking were analyzed. RESULTS There was a significant difference between antibody levels in all four blood draws (p < 0.001). Antibody levels decreased in both those vaccinated with BNT162b2 (p < 0.001) and those vaccinated with CoronaVac (p = 0.002) until the fourth blood draw. There was a significant difference between those vaccinated with one and two doses of booster BNT162b2 before the third blood draw (p < 0.001), which continued at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001). The antibody levels of those with an interval of 41-50 days between two vaccinations decreased significantly at the fourth blood draw (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the dynamics and persistence of antibody response after additional COVID-19 vaccine doses among healthcare workers. The longer the interval between booster doses may result in greater antibody levels being maintained over time, allowing for longer durations of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Furkan Süner
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Gül Ergör
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Derya Çağlayan
- Infectious Diseases UnitDiyarbakır Provincial Health DirectorateDiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Neslişah Türe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Irmak Güzel
- Medical Microbiology UnitMardin Nusaybin State HospitalMardinTurkey
| | - Çağlar Irmak
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology UnitHakkari Yüksekova State HospitalHakkariTurkey
| | - Elif Işık
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Özgür Appak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Muammer Çelik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Gamze Öztürk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Sema Alp Çavuş
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Arzu Sayiner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Alp Ergör
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Yücel Demiral
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
| | - Bulent Kilic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineDokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey
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12
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Poh XY, Lee IR, Tan CW, Chavatte JM, Fong SW, Goh YS, Rouers A, Wong N, Torres-Ruesta A, Mah SYY, Yeoh AYY, Gandhi M, Rahman N, Chin YQ, Lim JJ, Yoong TJK, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Sadarangani SP, Lin RJH, Lim DRX, Chia W, Renia L, Ren EC, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Wang LF, Ng LFP, Young BE. First SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection as an effective immune booster among mRNA vaccinated individuals: final results from the first phase of the PRIBIVAC randomised clinical trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105275. [PMID: 39137572 PMCID: PMC11367514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections impacts the breadth of immune responses against existing and pre-emergent SARS-CoV-2 strains is needed to develop an evidence-based long-term immunisation strategy. METHODS We performed a randomised, controlled trial to assess the immunogenicity of homologous (BNT162b2) versus heterologous (mRNA-1273) booster vaccination in 100 BNT162b2-vaccinated infection-naïve individuals enrolled from October 2021. Post hoc analysis was performed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humoral and cellular immune responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and/or Omicron subvariants. FINDINGS 93 participants completed the study at day 360. 71% (66/93) of participants reported first SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection by the end of the study with similar proportions of infections between homologous and heterologous booster groups (72.3% [34/47] vs 69.6% [32/46]; p = 0.82). Mean wildtype SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD antibody level was significantly higher in heterologous booster group compared with homologous group at day 180 (14,588 IU/mL; 95% CI, 10,186-20,893 vs 7447 IU/mL; 4646-11,912; p = 0.025). Participants who experienced breakthrough infections during the Omicron BA.1/2 wave had significantly higher anti-S-RBD antibody levels against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and antibody neutralisation against BA.1 and pre-emergent BA.5 compared with infection-naïve participants. Regardless of hybrid immunity status, wildtype SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD antibody level declined significantly after six months post-booster or post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERPRETATION Booster vaccination with mRNA-1273 was associated with significantly higher antibody levels compared with BNT162b2. Antibody responses are narrower and decline faster among uninfected, vaccinated individuals. Boosters may be more effective if administered shortly before infection outbreaks and at least six months after last infection or booster. FUNDING Singapore NMRC, USFDA, MRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Russel Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Siew Wai Fong
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Angeline Rouers
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Nathan Wong
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Shirley Y Y Mah
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Aileen Y Y Yeoh
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mihir Gandhi
- Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nabilah Rahman
- Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
| | - Yi Qing Chin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | | | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sapna P Sadarangani
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ray J H Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Daniel R X Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | - Wanni Chia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; National Public Health Laboratory, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; A∗STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A∗STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Barnaby E Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore; Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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13
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Cohen CA, Leung NHL, Kaewpreedee P, Lee KWK, Jia JZ, Cheung AWL, Cheng SMS, Mori M, Ip DKM, Poon LLM, Peiris JSM, Cowling BJ, Valkenburg SA. Antibody Fc receptor binding and T cell responses to homologous and heterologous immunization with inactivated or mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7358. [PMID: 39191745 PMCID: PMC11350167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole virion inactivated vaccine CoronaVac (C) and Spike (S) mRNA BNT162b2 (B) vaccines differ greatly in their ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies but have somewhat comparable effectiveness in protecting from severe COVID-19. We conducted further analyses for a randomized trial (Cobovax study, NCT05057169) of third dose homologous and heterologous booster vaccination, i.e. four interventions CC-C, CC-B, BB-C and BB-B. Here, we assess vaccine immunogenicity beyond neutralizing function, including S and non-S antibodies with Fc receptor (FcR) binding, antibody avidity and T cell specificity to 6 months post-vaccination. Ancestral and Omicron S-specific IgG and FcR binding are significantly higher by BNT162b2 booster than CoronaVac, regardless of first doses. Nucleocapsid (N) antibodies are only increased in homologous boosted CoronaVac participants (CC-C). CoronaVac primed participants have lower baseline S-specific CD4+ IFNγ+ cells, but are significantly increased by either CoronaVac or BNT162b2 boosters. Priming vaccine content defined T cell peptide specificity preference, with S-specific T cells dominating B primed groups and non-S structural peptides contributing more in C primed groups, regardless of booster type. S-specific CD4+ T cell responses, N-specific antibodies, and antibody effector functions via Fc receptor binding may contribute to protection and compensate for less potent neutralizing responses in CoronaVac recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Cohen
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nancy H L Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prathanporn Kaewpreedee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelly W K Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Janice Zhirong Jia
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alan W L Cheung
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Samuel M S Cheng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Dennis K M Ip
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Leo L M Poon
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - J S Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sophie A Valkenburg
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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14
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Tan Y, Wu S, Ming F, Liu J, Marley G, Yu A, Luo Y, Zou S, Guo W, Tang W, Liang K. People living with HIV with the Omicron variant infection have milder COVID-19 symptoms: results from a cross-sectional study. AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 39127636 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China braces for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge after adjusting the "zero COVID" strategy. We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of clinical symptoms of the Omicron variant infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-free people. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, in December 2022 by a self-administered online survey during the Omicron wave. Participants aged ≥ 18 years with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis were recruited. PLWH managed by the local healthcare system were recruited, while HIV-free people were recruited by sending out online surveys through WeChat. We compared the prevalence of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 between PLWH and HIV-free people, and factors associated with symptom occurrence among PLWH were accessed. RESULTS Total, 687 PLWH and 1222 HIV-free people were enrolled. After adjusting sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities and COVID-19 vaccination status, the prevalences of all symptoms, including higher degree and long duration of fever (aOR 0.51, 95%CI 0·42 - 0·61; aOR 0.52, 95%CI 0·43 - 0·63), were significantly lower among PLWH than among HIV-free people. Among PLWH, CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4 count) between 350 ~ 499 cells/µL and detectable HIV viral load (HIV-VL) were associated with significantly decreased risks of fever (aOR 0·63, 95%CI 0·40 - 0·97; aOR 0·56, 95%CI 0·33 - 0·94), headache (aOR 0·61, 95%CI 0·41 - 0·91; aOR 0·55, 95%CI 0·34 - 0·92) and muscle soreness (aOR 0·57, 95%CI 0·39 - 0·84; aOR 0·57, 95%CI 0·39 - 0·84). No apparent association between the symptoms prevalence and three/four doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination among PLWH was observed; both males and older age were associated with significantly decreased risks of nasal congestion/runny nose (aOR 0·52, 95%CI 0·32 - 0·82; aOR 0·97, 95%CI 0·96 - 0·99) and headache (aOR 0·58, 95%CI 0·36 - 0·92; aOR 0·96, 95%CI 0·95 - 0·98); older age was associated with significantly decreased risks of higher degree of fever (aOR 0·97, 95%CI 0·95 - 0·98). CONCLUSIONS PLWH have significantly milder symptoms of the Omicron variant infection than HIV-free people. PLWH who are male, older, have low CD4 count, and detectable HIV-VL have reduced occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms. However, continuous monitoring should be conducted among PLWH during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhao Ming
- Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gifty Marley
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Yu
- Dongxihu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhe Luo
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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15
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Sieghart D, Hana CA, Dürrschmid C, Heinz LX, Haslacher H, Zlesak M, Piccini G, Manenti A, Montomoli E, Jorda A, Fedrizzi C, Hasenoehrl T, Zdravkovic A, Anderle K, Wiedermann U, Drapalik S, Steinbrecher H, Bergmann F, Firbas C, Jordakieva G, Wagner B, Leonardi M, Pierleoni G, Ballini M, Benincasa L, Marchi S, Trombetta C, Perkmann T, Crevenna R, Zeitlinger M, Bonelli M, Aletaha D, Radner H. Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 booster vaccination: A population-based clinical trial to identify the best vaccination strategy. J Clin Virol 2024; 173:105661. [PMID: 38503118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) characterized by higher transmissibility and immune evasion have emerged. Despite reduced vaccine efficacy against VOCs, currently available vaccines provide protection. Population-based evidence on the humoral immune response after booster vaccination is crucial to guide future vaccination strategies and in preparation for imminent COVID-19 waves. METHODS This multicenter, population-based cohort study included 4697 individuals ≥18 years of age who received a booster vaccination. Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron variants were assessed at baseline (day of booster vaccination) and after four weeks. Safety was evaluated daily within the first week using a participant-completed electronic diary. Antibody levels were compared across different vaccination strategies, taking into account individual host factors. RESULTS Our main model including 3838 participants revealed that individuals who received a booster with mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2 vaccine had a significantly higher increase (95 %CI) in anti-RBD-antibody levels (37,707 BAU/mL [34,575-40,839] vs. 27,176 BAU/mL [26,265-28,087]), and of neutralization levels against WT (1,681 [1490-1872] vs. 1141 [1004-1278] and Omicron variant (422 [369-474] vs. 329 [284-374]). Neutralizing antibody titres highly correlated with anti-RBD antibodies, with neutralizing capacity 4.4 fold higher against WT compared to Omicron. No differences in safety were found between the two booster vaccines. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the superiority of a booster vaccination with mRNA-1273, independent of the primary vaccination and therefore provides guidance on the vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sieghart
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia A Hana
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Dürrschmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zlesak
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Vismederi srl, Siena, Italy; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anselm Jorda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Fedrizzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Hasenoehrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrej Zdravkovic
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Anderle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Felix Bergmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christa Firbas
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Trombetta
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Aletaha
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Helga Radner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Costa Clemens SA, Jepson B, Bhorat QE, Ahmad A, Akhund T, Aley PK, Bansal H, Bibi S, Kelly EJ, Khan M, Lambe T, Lombaard JJ, Matthews S, Pipolo Milan E, Olsson U, Ramasamy MN, Moura de Oliveira Paiva MS, Seegobin S, Shoemaker K, Szylak A, Villafana T, Pollard AJ, Green JA. Immunogenicity and safety of beta variant COVID-19 vaccine AZD2816 and AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) as primary-series vaccination for previously unvaccinated adults in Brazil, South Africa, Poland, and the UK: a randomised, partly double-blinded, phase 2/3 non-inferiority immunobridging study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:100863. [PMID: 38878794 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AZD2816 is a variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine that expresses the full-length SARS-CoV-2 beta variant spike protein but is otherwise similar to AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of AZD1222 or AZD2816 (or both) primary-series vaccination in a cohort of adult participants who were previously unvaccinated. METHODS In this phase 2/3, randomised, multinational, active-controlled, non-inferiority, immunobridging study, adult participants previously unvaccinated for COVID-19 were enrolled at 16 study sites in Brazil, South Africa, Poland, and the UK. Participants were stratified by age, sex, and comorbidity and randomly assigned 5:5:5:2 to receive a primary series of AZD1222 (AZD1222 group), AZD2816 (AZD2816 [4-week] group), or AZD1222-AZD2816 (AZD1222-AZD2816 group) at 4-week dosing intervals, or AZD2816 at a 12-week interval (AZD2816 [12-week] group) and evaluated for safety and immunogenicity through 180 days after dose 2. Primary outcomes were safety (rates of solicited adverse events occurring during 7 days and unsolicited adverse events occurring during 28 days after each dose) and immunogenicity (non-inferiority of pseudovirus neutralising antibody geometric mean titre [GMT], GMT ratio margin of 0·67, and seroresponse rate, rate difference margin of -10%, recorded 28 days after dose 2 with AZD2816 [4-week interval] against beta vs AZD1222 against ancestral SARS-CoV-2) in participants who were seronegative at baseline. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04973449, and is completed. FINDINGS Between July 7 and Nov 12, 2021, 1449 participants were assigned to the AZD1222 group (n=413), the AZD2816 (4-week) group (n=415), the AZD1222-AZD2816 group (n=412), and the AZD2816 (12-week) group (n=209). Ten (2·6%) of 378 participants who were seronegative at baseline in the AZD1222 group, nine (2·4%) of 379 in the AZD2816 (4-week) group, eight (2·1%) of 380 in the AZD1222-AZD2816 group, and 11 (5·8%) of 191 in the AZD2816 (12-week) group had vaccine-related unsolicited adverse events. Serious adverse events were recorded in one (0·3%) participant in the AZD1222 group, one (0·3%) in the AZD2816 (4-week) group, two (0·5%) in the AZD1222-AZD2816 group, and none in the AZD2816 (12-week) group. Co-primary immunogenicity endpoints were met: neutralising antibody GMT (ratio 1·19 [95% CI 1·08-1·32]; lower bound greater than 0·67) and seroresponse rate (difference 1·7% [-3·1 to 6·5]; lower bound greater than -10%) at 28 days after dose 2 were non-inferior in the AZD2816 (4-week) group against beta versus in the AZD1222 group against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Seroresponse rates were highest with AZD2816 against beta (12-week interval 94·3% [95% CI 89·4-97·3]; 4-week interval 85·7% [81·5-89·2]) and with AZD1222 (84·6% [80·3-88·2]) against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. INTERPRETATION Primary series of AZD1222 and AZD2816 were well tolerated, with no emergent safety concerns. Both vaccines elicited robust immunogenicity against beta and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 with greater responses demonstrated when testing against SARS-CoV-2 strains that matched those targeted by the respective vaccine. These findings demonstrate the continued importance of ancestral COVID-19 vaccines in protecting against severe COVID-19 and highlight the feasibility of using the ChAdOx1 platform to develop COVID-19 vaccines against future SARS-CoV-2 variants. FUNDING AstraZeneca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute for Global Health, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Brett Jepson
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Qasim E Bhorat
- Soweto Clinical Trials Centre, Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Abdullahi Ahmad
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tauseefullah Akhund
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Himanshu Bansal
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Kelly
- Formerly Translational Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mark Khan
- Clinical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sam Matthews
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eveline Pipolo Milan
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Moléstias Infec, Centro de Pesquisas Clínicas de Natal, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Urban Olsson
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maheshi N Ramasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Seth Seegobin
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Shoemaker
- Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Ameena Szylak
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Tonya Villafana
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin A Green
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Suwarti S, Lazarus G, Zanjabila S, Sinto R, Fransiska F, Deborah T, Oktavia D, Junaidah J, Santayana S, Surendra H, Yuliana J, Pardosi H, Nuraeni N, Soebianto S, Susilowati ND, Subekti D, Pradipta A, Baird JK, Tan LV, Dunachie S, Shankar AH, Nelwan EJ, Hamers RL. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics after primary vaccination with two-dose inactivated whole-virus vaccine, heterologous mRNA-1273 vaccine booster, and Omicron breakthrough infection in Indonesian health care workers. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:768. [PMID: 39090537 PMCID: PMC11292869 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the dynamics and persistence of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after primary vaccination with two-dose inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) are limited. This study evaluated the sequential effects of prior infection, heterologous boosting with mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and the occurrence of Omicron vaccine-breakthrough infection (VBI) thereafter. METHODS We evaluated anti-spike IgG (Abbott) and neutralising (cPASS/GenScript) antibody (nAb) titers up to one year after mRNA-1273 boost in two-dose-CoronaVac-primed Indonesian healthcare workers (August 2021-August 2022). We used linear mixed modeling to estimate the rate of change in antibody levels, and logistic regression to examine associations between antibody levels and VBI. RESULTS Of 138 participants, 52 (37.7%) had a prior infection and 78 (56.5%) received an mRNA-1273 booster. After two-dose CoronaVac, antibody titers had significantly declined within 180 days, irrespective of prior infection. After mRNA-1273 booster, anti-spike IgG (1.47% decline/day) and Omicron B.1.1.529/BA.2 nAbs declined between day 28-90, and IgG titers plateaued between day 90-360. During the BA.1/BA.2 wave (February-March 2022), 34.6% (27/78) of individuals experienced a VBI (median 181 days after mRNA-1273), although none developed severe illness. VBI was associated with low pre-VBI anti-spike IgG and B.1.1.529/BA.2 nAbs, which were restored post-VBI. CONCLUSIONS mRNA-1273 booster after two-dose CoronaVac did not prevent BA.1/BA.2 VBI. Periodic vaccine boosters may be warranted against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwarti Suwarti
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Lazarus
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sabighoh Zanjabila
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert Sinto
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- St Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Dwi Oktavia
- Jakarta Health Office, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Junaidah Junaidah
- Jakarta Health Office, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Santayana Santayana
- Jakarta Health Office, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Henry Surendra
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Monash University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Jeng Yuliana
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Pardosi
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nunung Nuraeni
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Saraswati Soebianto
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Novi Dwi Susilowati
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Decy Subekti
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ariel Pradipta
- Genomik Solidaritas Indonesia Lab, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - J Kevin Baird
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Le Van Tan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erni J Nelwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Raph L Hamers
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Muangnoicharoen S, Wiangcharoen R, Lawpoolsri S, Nanthapisal S, Jongkaewwattana A, Duangdee C, Kamolratanakul S, Luvira V, Thanthamnu N, Chantratita N, Thitithanyanont A, Anh Wartel T, Excler JL, Ryser MF, Leong C, Mak TK, Pitisuttithum P. Heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1-year follow-up of a phase 1/2 open-label trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:3999-4010. [PMID: 38744598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated whole-virus vaccination elicits immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins, like natural infections. A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster given at two different intervals after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination was safe and immunogenic at days 28 and 84, with higher immune responses observed after the longer pre-boost interval. We describe booster-specific and hybrid immune responses over 1 year. METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 study was conducted in healthy Thai adults aged ≥ 18 years who had completed primary BBIBP-CorV primary vaccination between 90-240 (Arm A1; n = 361) or 45-75 days (Arm A2; n = 104) before enrolment. All received an Ad26.COV2.S booster. We measured anti-S and anti-N IgG antibodies by Elecsys®, neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, and T-cell responses by quantitative interferon (IFN)-γ release assay. Immune responses were evaluated in the baseline-seronegative population (pre-booster anti-N < 1.4 U/mL; n = 241) that included the booster-effect subgroup (anti-N < 1.4 U/mL at each visit) and the hybrid-immunity subgroup (anti-N ≥ 1.4 U/mL and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of receiving non-study COVID-19 boosters). RESULTS In Arm A1 of the booster-effect subgroup, anti-S GMCs were 131-fold higher than baseline at day 336; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 were 5-fold higher than baseline at day 168; 4-fold against Omicron BA.2 at day 84. IFN-γ remained approximately 4-fold higher than baseline at days 168 and 336 in 18-59-year-olds. Booster-specific responses trended lower in Arm A2. In the hybrid-immunity subgroup at day 336, anti-S GMCs in A1 were 517-fold higher than baseline; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 were 28- and 31-fold higher, respectively, and IFN-γ was approximately 14-fold higher in 18-59-year-olds at day 336. Durable immune responses trended lower in ≥ 60-year-olds. CONCLUSION A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination induced booster-specific immune responses detectable up to 1 year that were higher in participants with hybrid immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT05109559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatnapa Duangdee
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Thanthamnu
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chloe Leong
- Janssen Asia Pacific Medical Affairs Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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19
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do Nascimento TA, Nogami PY, de Oliveira CF, Neto WFF, da Silva CP, Ribeiro ACS, de Sousa AW, Freitas MNO, Chiang JO, Silva FA, das Chagas LL, Carvalho VL, Azevedo RSS, Vasconcelos PFC, Costa IB, Costa IB, Barbagelata LS, das Chagas Junior WD, da Penha Junior ET, Soares LS, Viana GMR, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Casseb LMN, Martins LC, Henriques DF. Equal Maintenance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Induced by Heterologous and Homologous Regimens of the BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines: A Longitudinal Study Up to the 4th Dose of Booster. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:792. [PMID: 39066430 PMCID: PMC11281708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. do Nascimento
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patricia Y. Nogami
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Camille F. de Oliveira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Walter F. F. Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Carla P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Ana Claudia S. Ribeiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Alana W. de Sousa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Maria N. O. Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Franko A. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Liliane L. das Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
| | - Valéria L. Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Belém 66087-670, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor B. Costa
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iran B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana S. Barbagelata
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luana S. Soares
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. R. Viana
- Malaria Basic Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lívia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil (A.C.S.R.)
- Graduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, Pará, Brazil
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20
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Khatami SS, Revheim ME, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A, Ghorbani Shirkouhi S, Andalib S. Central nervous system manifestations following vaccination against COVID-19. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100788. [PMID: 38818372 PMCID: PMC11137405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has become the most effective countermeasure in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. However, vaccination is associated with side effects. This narrative review focuses on central nervous system (CNS) manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination and provides a summary of the potential underlying mechanisms and methods of diagnosis and management of the vaccination-related CNS manifestations. Headache, myalgia, optic neuritis, seizure, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and encephalitis, delirium, acute transverse myelitis, and stroke have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. Constant headache and myalgia are common manifestations that may necessitate further clinical investigation for stroke. To limit consequences, it is imperative to follow standard treatment protocols for each neurological disorder following COVID-19 vaccination. Immunosuppressive medication can be helpful in the treatment of seizures following vaccination since the immune response is involved in their etiology. Clinicians should be aware of the manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination to respond promptly and effectively. Clinical guidelines for the management of CNS manifestations following COVID-19 vaccination are in high demand and would be useful in each new SARS-CoV-2 variant pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- The Intervention Center, Division of Technology and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sasan Andalib
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Klinmalai C, Srisala S, Sahakijpicharn T, Apiwattanakul N. Monitoring of adaptive immune responses in healthcare workers who received a Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine booster dose. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2250. [PMID: 39015422 PMCID: PMC11250167 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and led to increased mortality and morbidity. Vaccines against the etiologic agent; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were approved for emergency use on different platforms. In the early phase of the pandemic, Thai healthcare workers (HCWs) received CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine, as the first vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, followed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a viral vector-based vaccine, or BNT162b2, an mRNA vaccine, as a booster dose. This preliminary study evaluated the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 as a booster dose in HCWs who previously received two doses of CoronaVac. Methods Ten HCW participants received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and another 10 HCWs received BNT162b2 as a booster dose after two doses of CoronaVac. Anti-RBD IgG, neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and cellular immunity, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-releasing CD4, CD8, double negative T cells, and NK cells, were measured at 3 and 5 months after the booster dose. Results There was no significant difference in anti-RBD IgG levels at 3 and 5 months between the two different types of booster vaccine. The levels of anti-RBD IgG and NAb were significantly decreased at 5 months. HCWs receiving BNT162b2 had significantly higher NAb levels than those receiving ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at 5 months after the booster dose. IFN-γ release from CD4 T cells was detected at 3 months with no significant difference between the two types of booster vaccines. However, IFN-γ-releasing CD4 T cells were present at 5 months in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group only. Conclusion ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 can be used as a booster dose after completion of the primary series primed by inactivated vaccine. Although the levels of immunity decline at 5 months, they may be adequate during the first 3 months after the booster dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunuch Klinmalai
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Supanart Srisala
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Thiantip Sahakijpicharn
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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22
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Ameratunga R, Jordan A, Lehnert K, Leung E, Mears ER, Snell R, Steele R, Woon ST. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has increased resistance to monoclonal antibodies and first-generation COVID-19 vaccines: Is there a future therapeutic role for soluble ACE2 receptors for COVID-19? Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105894. [PMID: 38677595 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. Although several COVID-19 vaccines have received full authorization for use, global deployment has faced political, financial and logistical challenges. The efficacy of first-generation COVID-19 vaccines is waning and breakthrough infections are allowing ongoing transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy relies on a functional immune system. Despite receiving three primary doses and three or more heterologous boosters, some immunocompromised patients may not be adequately protected by COVID-19 vaccines and remain vulnerable to severe disease. The evolution of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has also resulted in the rapid obsolescence of monoclonal antibodies. Convalescent plasma from COVID-19 survivors has produced inconsistent results. New drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) are beyond the reach of low- and middle-income countries. With widespread use of Paxlovid, it is likely nirmatrelvir-resistant clades of SARS-CoV-2 will emerge in the future. There is thus an urgent need for new effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments. The in vitro efficacy of soluble ACE2 against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants including omicron (B.1.1.529), was recently described using a competitive ELISA assay as a surrogate marker for virus neutralization. This indicates soluble wild-type ACE2 receptors are likely to be resistant to viral evolution. Nasal and inhaled treatment with soluble ACE2 receptors has abrogated severe disease in animal models of COVID-19. There is an urgent need for clinical trials of this new class of antiviral therapeutics, which could complement vaccines and Paxlovid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ameratunga
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anthony Jordan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Klaus Lehnert
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily R Mears
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Steele
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - See-Tarn Woon
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Auckland Hospital, Park Rd, Grafton, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Asante MA, Michelsen ME, Balakumar MM, Kumburegama B, Sharifan A, Thomsen AR, Korang SK, Gluud C, Menon S. Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccinations for adults: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMC Med 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38915011 PMCID: PMC11197367 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), booster vaccination strategies are important. However, the optimal administration of booster vaccine platforms remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to assess the benefits and harms of three or four heterologous versus homologous booster regimens. METHODS From November 3 2022 to December 21, 2023, we searched five databases for randomised clinical trials (RCT). Reviewers screened, extracted data, and assessed bias risks independently with the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool. We conducted meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses (TSA) on our primary (all-cause mortality; laboratory confirmed symptomatic and severe COVID-19; serious adverse events [SAE]) and secondary outcomes (quality of life [QoL]; adverse events [AE] considered non-serious). We assessed the evidence with the GRADE approach. Subgroup analyses were stratified for trials before and after 2023, three or four boosters, immunocompromised status, follow-up, risk of bias, heterologous booster vaccine platforms, and valency of booster. RESULTS We included 29 RCTs with 43 comparisons (12,538 participants). Heterologous booster regimens may not reduce the relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality (11 trials; RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.33 to 2.26; I2 0%; very low certainty evidence); laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 (14 trials; RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.25; I2 0%; very low certainty); or severe COVID-19 (10 trials; RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.33; I2 0%; very low certainty). For safety outcomes, heterologous booster regimens may have no effect on SAE (27 trials; RR 1.15; 95% CI 0.68 to 1.95; I2 0%; very low certainty) but may raise AE considered non-serious (20 trials; RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.32; I2 64.4%; very low certainty). No data on QoL was available. Our TSAs showed that the cumulative Z curves did not reach futility for any outcome. CONCLUSIONS With our current sample sizes, we were not able to infer differences of effects for any outcomes, but heterologous booster regimens seem to cause more non-serious AE. Furthermore, more robust data are instrumental to update this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aninakwah Asante
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Ekholm Michelsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mithuna Mille Balakumar
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Buddheera Kumburegama
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amin Sharifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonia Menon
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Epitech Research, Brussels, Belgium.
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24
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Salehi M, Alavi Darazam I, Nematollahi A, Alimohammadi M, Pouya S, Alimohammadi R, Khajavirad N, Porgoo M, Sedghi M, Mahdi Sepahi M, Azimi M, Hosseini H, Mahmoud Hashemi S, Dehghanizadeh S, Khoddami V. Safety and immunogenicity of COReNAPCIN, a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine, as a fourth heterologous booster in healthy Iranian adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 clinical trial with a six-month follow-up. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112192. [PMID: 38761778 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The recurrent COVID-19 infection, despite global vaccination, highlights the need for booster doses. A heterologous booster has been suggested to enhance immunity and protection against emerging variants of concern of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this report, we aimed to assess the safety, and immunogenicity of COReNAPCIN, as a fourth booster dose after three doses of inactivated vaccines. METHODS The study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 clinical trial of the mRNA-based vaccine candidate, COReNAPCIN. The vaccine was injected as a heterologous booster in healthy Iranian adults aged 18-50 who had previously received three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In the study, 30 participants were randomly assigned to receive either COReNAPCIN in two different doses (25 µg and 50 µg) or placebo. The vaccine candidate contained mRNA encoding the complete sequence of the pre-fusion stabilized Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, formulated within lipid nanoparticles. The primary endpoint was safety and the secondary objective was humoral immunogenicity until 6 months post-vaccination. The cellular immunogenicity was pursued as an exploratory outcome. RESULTS COReNAPCIN was well tolerated in vaccinated individuals in both doses with no life-threatening or other serious adverse events. The most noticeable solicited adverse events were pain at the site of injection, fatigue and myalgia. Regarding the immunogenicity, despite the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies due to the vaccination history for all and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection for some participants, the recipients of 25 and 50 µg COReNAPCIN, two weeks post-vaccination, showed 6·6 and 8·1 fold increase in the level of anti-RBD, and 11·5 and 21·7 fold increase in the level of anti-spike antibody, respectively. The geometric mean virus neutralizing titers reached 10.2 fold in the 25 µg group and 8.4 fold in 50 µg group of pre-boost levels. After 6 months, the measured anti-spike antibody concentration still maintains a geometric mean fold rise of 2.8 and 6.3, comparing the baseline levels in 25 and 50 µg groups, respectively. Additionally, the significant increase in the spike-specific IFN-ϒ T-cell response upon vaccination underscores the activation of cellular immunity. CONCLUSION COReNAPCIN booster showed favorable safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profile, supporting its further clinical development (Trial registration: IRCT20230131057293N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Salehi
- Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ilad Alavi Darazam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasim Khajavirad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Medical Affairs, Pharmed Pajoohan Viera, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Clinical Trial Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bailón-Cuenca JA, Cortés-Sarabia K, Legorreta-Soberanis J, Alvarado-Castro VM, Juárez-Baltazar U, Sánchez-Gervacio BM, Vences-Velázquez A, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B. Detection of IgG antibodies against the receptor binding domain of the spike protein and nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 at university students from Southern Mexico: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:584. [PMID: 38867165 PMCID: PMC11170790 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural infection and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the development of immunity against the structural proteins of the virus. Specifically, the two most immunogenic are the S (spike) and N (nucleocapsid) proteins. Seroprevalence studies performed in university students provide information to estimate the number of infected patients (symptomatic or asymptomatic) and generate knowledge about the viral spread, vaccine efficacy, and epidemiological control. Which, the aim of this study was to evaluate IgG antibodies against the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2 at university students from Southern Mexico. METHODS A total of 1418 serum samples were collected from eighteen work centers of the Autonomous University of Guerrero. Antibodies were detected by Indirect ELISA using as antigen peptides derived from the S and N proteins. RESULTS We reported a total seroprevalence of 39.9% anti-S/N (positive to both antigens), 14.1% anti-S and 0.5% anti-N. The highest seroprevalence was reported in the work centers from Costa Grande, Acapulco and Centro. Seroprevalence was associated with age, COVID-19, contact with infected patients, and vaccination. CONCLUSION University students could play an essential role in disseminating SARS-CoV-2. We reported a seroprevalence of 54.5% against the S and N proteins, which could be due to the high population rate and cultural resistance to safety measures against COVID-19 in the different regions of the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Adolfo Bailón-Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - José Legorreta-Soberanis
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | | | - Ulises Juárez-Baltazar
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | | | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México.
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, México.
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26
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Kim HJ, Kim MH, Park SJ, Choi MG, Chun EM. Autoimmune adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination in Seoul, South Korea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1711-1720. [PMID: 38520423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination can affect the regulation of the immune system, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the autoimmune adverse events (AEs) after COVID-19 vaccination remain largely unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the autoimmune AEs after COVID-19 vaccination from a population-based cohort in South Korea. METHODS A total of 4,203,887 participants, representing 50% of the population residing in Seoul, were recruited from the National Health Insurance Service database and then divided into 2 groups on the basis of COVID-19 vaccination. The cumulative incidence, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% CIs of autoimmune AEs were assessed following COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS The incidence of vitiligo has been observed to be significantly higher in the vaccination group compared with the no vaccination group. The cumulative incidence of vitiligo began to show a significant difference starting 2 weeks after vaccination, and it reached 2.2% in the vaccination group and 0.6% in the no vaccination group by 3 months after COVID-19 vaccination. Vitiligo (HR, 2.714; 95% CI, 1.777-4.146) was an increased risk among autoimmune AEs. Furthermore, the risk of vitiligo was the highest for heterologous vaccination (HR, 3.890; 95% CI, 2.303-6.573) compared with using cDNA vaccine (HR, 2.861; 95% CI, 1.838-4.453) or mRNA vaccine (HR, 2.475; 95% CI, 1.607-3.813). CONCLUSIONS Vitiligo as an autoimmune AE was noted to be substantially higher in the COVID-19-vaccinated group compared with the controls. Therefore, the occurrence of vitiligo could be considered as one of the significant AEs post-COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jin Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Kim
- Informatization Department, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Park
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong Geun Choi
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Chun
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
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Xiang T, Quan X, Jia H, Wang H, Liang B, Li S, Wang X, Li H, Feng X, Fan L, Xu L, Wang T, Xiong S, Yang D, Liu J, Zheng X. Omicron breakthrough infections after triple-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: A comprehensive analysis of antibody and T-cell responses. Immunology 2024; 172:313-327. [PMID: 38462236 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study longitudinally evaluated the immune response in individuals over a year after receiving three doses of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, focusing on reactions to Omicron breakthrough infections. From 63 blood samples of 37 subjects, results showed that the third booster enhanced the antibody response against Alpha, Beta, and Delta VOCs but was less effective against Omicron. Although antibody titres decreased post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses, both CD4+ and CD8+, remained stable. Omicron breakthrough infections significantly improved neutralization against various VOCs, including Omicron. However, the boost in antibodies against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants was more pronounced. Regarding T cells, breakthrough infection predominantly boosted the CD8+ T-cell response, and the intensity of the spike protein-specific T-cell response was roughly comparable between WT and Omicron BA.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xufeng Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huadong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shue Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang R, Hung IFN. Bivalent (Omicron BA.5/ancestral) recombinant spike protein vaccine: a promising booster. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:558-559. [PMID: 38460526 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administration Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administration Region, China.
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Kawashiro K, Suzuki R, Nogimori T, Tsujino S, Iwahara N, Hirose T, Okada K, Yamamoto T, Fukuhara T, Hotta K, Shinohara N. Neutralizing antibody responses and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12176. [PMID: 38806644 PMCID: PMC11133393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has improved the mortality rate in the general population, its efficacy against rapidly mutating virus strains, especially in kidney transplant recipients, remains unclear. We examined the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immunity against B.1.1, BA.1, and BA.5 antigens in 73 uninfected kidney recipients and 16 uninfected healthy controls who received three doses of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The IgG antibody titers were significantly lower in recipients than in healthy controls. Similarly, neutralizing antibody titers against three viral variants were significantly lower in recipients. When the virus was mutated, the neutralizing antibody titers decreased significantly in both groups. In cellular immunity analysis, the number of spike-specific CD8 + non-naïve T cells against three variants significantly decreased in recipients. Conversely, the frequency of spike-specific Th2 CD4 + T-cells in recipients was higher than that in healthy controls. Nineteen recipients and six healthy controls also received a bivalent omicron-containing booster vaccine, leading to increase IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in both groups. After that, eleven recipients and five healthy controls received XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines, increasing the neutralizing antibody titers against not only XBB.1.5, but also EG.5.1 and BA.2.86 antigens in kidney recipients. Although kidney recipients did not gain sufficient immunity against Omicron BA.5 with the third dose of vaccine, humoral response against mutant SARS-CoV-2 lineages significantly increased after bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine and the XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine. Therefore, it is important for kidney recipients to continue to administer updated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kawashiro
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rigel Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Nogimori
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tsujino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Iwahara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hirose
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Okada
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Laboratory of Aging and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development: HU-IVReD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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30
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Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Salinas D, Rivera-Cavazos A, Fernández-Chau IF, Cepeda-Medina AB, Morales-Rodríguez DP, Barco-Flores IA, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Acciardi C, Paez-Bo G, Teixeira MM, Azzolini E, Pozzi C, Rescigno M, Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME. Effectiveness of different booster vaccine combinations against SARS-CoV-2 during a six-month follow-up in Mexico and Argentina. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403784. [PMID: 38807602 PMCID: PMC11130401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the limited number of patients in Latin America who have received a booster dose against the COVID-19, it remains crucial to comprehend the effectiveness of different vaccine combinations as boosters in real-world scenarios. This study aimed to assess the real-life efficacy of seven different vaccine schemes against COVID-19, including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and CoronaVac as primary schemes with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S as booster vaccines. Methods In this multicentric longitudinal observational study, participants from Mexico and Argentina were followed for infection and SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibodies during their primary vaccination course and for 185 days after the booster dose. Results A total of 491 patients were included, and the booster dose led to an overall increase in the humoral response for all groups. Patients who received BNT162b2 exhibited the highest antibody levels after the third dose, while those with primary Gam-COVID-Vac maintained a higher level of antibodies after six months. Infection both before vaccination and after the booster dose, and Gam-COVIDVac + BNT162b2 combination correlated with higher antibody titers. Discussion The sole predictor of infection in the six-month follow-up was a prior COVID-19 infection before the vaccination scheme, which decreased the risk of infection, and all booster vaccine combinations conveyed the same amount of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Iván Francisco Fernández-Chau
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Andrea Belinda Cepeda-Medina
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Devany Paola Morales-Rodríguez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Acciardi
- Health Secretary, Unidad Hospitalaria San José, Campana, Argentina
| | - Graciela Paez-Bo
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Felipe, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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31
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Acer Ö, Genç Bahçe Y, Özüdoğru O. Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Elderly. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:171. [PMID: 38739274 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A third booster doses for the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widely used all over the world, especially in risky individuals, with the recommendation of WHO. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mRNA (BNT162b2), and CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) vaccines as a reminder dose following two doses of CoronaVac against COVID-19 infection, serious illness, and mortality in the geriatric population aged 75 and older during the delta variant dominant period. Our study comprised 2730 individuals the age of 75 and older in total, of which 1082 (39.6%) were male and 1648 (60.4%) were female. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 2 doses of CoronaVac + 1 dose of BNT162b2 vaccine combination against COVID-19 was determined as 89.2% (95% Confidence interval (CI) 80.7-93.9%), while the VE of 3 doses of CoronaVac vaccine was determined as 80.4% (95% CI 60.5-90.2%). Geriatric patients who received three doses of CoronaVac vaccine did not need intensive care. No deaths were observed in the vaccinated groups. While the VE of vaccination with 2 doses of CoronaVac + 1 dose of BNT162b2 was 41.8% (95% CI 0-74.1%) against hospitalization, 64.4% (95% CI 0-94.7%) against intensive care unit admission, the VE of vaccination with three doses of the CoronaVac was 78.2% (95% CI 0-96.5%) against hospitalization. In conclusion, our research showed that, even with the emergence of viral variants, a third dose of the CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines is highly effective against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Third-dose vaccination regimens, including heterologous and homologous vaccines, can be an effective tool in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of new variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Acer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Türkiye.
| | - Yasemin Genç Bahçe
- Microbiology Laboratory, Siirt Training and Research Hospital, 56100, Siirt, Türkiye
| | - Osman Özüdoğru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24100, Erzincan, Türkiye
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Wang CW, Huang CF, Jang TY, Yeh ML, Liang PC, Wei YJ, Hsu PY, Huang CI, Hsieh MY, Lin YH, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Third vaccine boosters and anti-S-IgG levels: A comparison of homologous and heterologous responses and poor immunogenicity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:477-488. [PMID: 38363080 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response of patients with chronic liver disease tends to be lower after receiving their second coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine dose, but the effect of a third vaccine dose on their immune response is currently unknown. We recruited 722 patients without previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from three hospitals. The patients received homologous (MMM) and heterologous (AZAZBNT, AZAZM) boosters, where AZ, BNT, and M denoted the AZD1222, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 vaccines, respectively. Serum IgG spike antibody levels were measured at a mean 1.5 ± 0.7 (visit 1) and 5.0 ± 0.5 (visit 2) months after the third vaccine booster. A threshold of 4160 AU/mL was considered significant antibody activity. In both visits, the patients who received the MMM booster had higher anti-S-IgG levels than those who received the AZAZBNT and AZAZM boosters. Patients with active hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had lower anti-S-IgG levels than the control group (761.6 vs. 1498.2 BAU/mL; p = 0.019) at visit 1. The anti-S-IgG levels decreased significantly at visit 2. The patients with significant antibody activity had a lower rate of liver cirrhosis with decompensation (0.7% decompensation vs. 8.0% non-decompensation and 91.3% non-liver cirrhosis, p = 0.015), and active HCC (1.5% active HCC vs. 3.7% non-active HCC and 94.7% non-HCC, p < 0.001). Receiving the MMM booster regimen (OR = 10.67, 95% CI 5.20-21.91, p < 0.001) increased the odds of having significant antibody activity compared with the AZAZBNT booster regimen. Patients with active HCC had a reduced immune response to the third COVID-19 vaccine booster. These findings underscore the importance of booster vaccinations, especially in immunocompromised patients, with superior efficacy observed with the homologous mRNA-1273 regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Hepatitis Research Center, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Tamim H, Hashim R, Jamil N, Chong LY, Johari Z. Clinical outcomes and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough cases following vaccination with BNT162b2, CoronaVac, or ChAdOx1-S: A retrospective cohort study in Malaysia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29574. [PMID: 38699728 PMCID: PMC11063388 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic drove global vaccination. However, breakthrough infections raised concerns about vaccine performance, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend investigations thereof. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes (time to breakthrough infection, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, and in-hospital mortality) of hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. This was the primary outcome and the risk factors associated with its severity were the secondary outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study at a multispecialty tertiary hospital in Selangor, Malaysia included 200 fully adult vaccinated patients, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, admitted from September 2021 to February 2022. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. Infection severity was categorised as CAT 2-3 (mild-moderate) and 4-5 (severe-critical). Results The time to breakthrough infection was significantly longer for BNT162B2 recipients (128.47 ± 46.21 days) compared to CoronaVac (94.09 ± 48.71 days; P = 0.001) and ChAdOx1-S recipients (90.80 ± 37.59 days; P = 0.019). No significant associations were found between SARS-CoV-2-related ICU admission, mortality, and the vaccines. Multivariable analysis identified vaccine type, variant of concern, ethnicity, and hypertension as significant predictors of severity. BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S recipients had significantly (81 % and 74 %, respectively) lower odds of CAT 4-5 infection compared to CoronaVac recipients. Indian patients had a significantly (83 %) lower chance of CAT 4-5 infection compared to Malay patients. Patients with breakthrough infections during the Omicron period had a significantly (58 %) lower risk of CAT 4-5 compared to those in the Delta period. The CAT 4-5 risk was significantly (nearly threefold) higher in hypertensive patients. Conclusion The results support the Malaysian Ministry of Health's recommended booster three months after primary vaccination and the WHO's recommended heterologous booster following CoronaVac. Certain ethnic groups, hypertensive patients, and viral variants may require attention in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa Tamim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosnani Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurdiana Jamil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Yin Chong
- Sultan Idris Shah Serdang Hospital, Jalan Puchong, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainol Johari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, Cyber 11, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Huang T, Hu Q, Zhou X, Yang H, Xia W, Cao F, Deng M, Teng X, Ding F, Zhong Z, Gao L, Sun J, Gong L. Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (ZF2001) as heterologous booster after priming with inactivated vaccine in healthy children and adolescents aged 3-17 years: an open-labeled, single-arm clinical trial. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38641791 PMCID: PMC11027523 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering that neutralizing antibody levels induced by two doses of the inactivated vaccine decreased over time and had fallen to low levels by 6 months, and homologous and heterologous booster immunization programs have been implemented in adults in China. The booster immunization of recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (ZF2001) after priming with inactivated vaccine in healthy children and adolescents has not been reported. We performed an open-labeled, single-arm clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous booster immunization with ZF2001 after priming with inactivated vaccine among 240 population aged 3-17 years in China. The primary outcome was immunogenicity, including geometric mean titers (GMTs), geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and seroconversion rates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against prototype SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 variant at 14 days after vaccination booster. On day 14 post-booster, a third dose booster of the ZF2001 provided a substantial increase in antibody responses in minors, and the overall occurrence rate of adverse reactions after heterologous vaccination was low and all adverse reactions were mild or moderate. The results showed that the ZF2001 heterologous booster had high immunogenicity and good safety profile in children and adolescents, and can elicit a certain level of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron.Trial registration NCT05895110 (Retrospectively registered, First posted in ClinicalTrials.gov date: 08/06/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Xiangtan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiangtan, 411100, China
| | - Minglu Deng
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaoxue Teng
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zaixin Zhong
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lidong Gao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Lihui Gong
- Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Zhang X, Luo F, Zhang H, Guo H, Zhou J, Li T, Chen S, Song S, Shen M, Wu Y, Gao Y, Han X, Wang Y, Hu C, Zhao X, Guo H, Zhang D, Lu Y, Wang W, Wang K, Tang N, Jin T, Ding M, Luo S, Lin C, Lu T, Lu B, Tian Y, Yang C, Cheng G, Yang H, Jin A, Ji X, Gong R, Chiu S, Huang A. Prophylactic efficacy of an intranasal spray with 2 synergetic antibodies neutralizing Omicron. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171034. [PMID: 38587080 PMCID: PMC11128199 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDAs Omicron is prompted to replicate in the upper airway, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) delivered through inhalation might inhibit early-stage infection in the respiratory tract. Thus, elucidating the prophylactic efficacy of NAbs via nasal spray addresses an important clinical need.METHODSThe applicable potential of a nasal spray cocktail containing 2 NAbs was characterized by testing its neutralizing potency, synergetic neutralizing mechanism, emergency protective and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) in human nasal cavity.RESULTSThe 2 NAbs displayed broad neutralizing efficacy against Omicron, and they could structurally compensate each other in blocking the Spike-ACE2 interaction. When administrated through the intranasal mucosal route, this cocktail demonstrated profound efficacy in the emergency prevention in hamsters challenged with authentic Omicron BA.1. The investigator-initiated trial in healthy volunteers confirmed the safety and the PK/PD of the NAb cocktail delivered via nasal spray. Nasal samples from the participants receiving 4 administrations over a course of 16 hours demonstrated potent neutralization against Omicron BA.5 in an ex vivo pseudovirus neutralization assay.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that the NAb cocktail nasal spray provides a good basis for clinical prophylactic efficacy against Omicron infections.TRIAL REGISTRATIONwww.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2200066525.FUNDINGThe National Science and Technology Major Project (2017ZX10202203), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0507100), Guangzhou National Laboratory (SRPG22-015), Lingang Laboratory (LG202101-01-07), Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (YDZX20213100001556), and the Emergency Project from the Science & Technology Commission of Chongqing (cstc2021jscx-fyzxX0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feiyang Luo
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hangtian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Song
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingming Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuchi Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Shuhui Luo
- Mindao Haoyue Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Cuicui Lin
- Mindao Haoyue Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | | | - Bingxia Lu
- Mindao Haoyue Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Mindao Haoyue Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | | | | | - Haitao Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, and
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, and
- Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Mwangi LW, Omuse G, Adam R, Ong’ete G, Matheka C, Mugaine P, Sayed S, Maina D. Post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG spike antibody responses among clinical and non-clinical healthcare workers at a tertiary facility in Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299302. [PMID: 38573911 PMCID: PMC10994319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination became the main strategy against disease severity and even death. Healthcare workers were considered high-risk for infection and, thus, were prioritised for vaccination. METHODS A follow-up to a SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence study among clinical and non-clinical HCWs at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, we assessed how vaccination influenced SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG antibody responses and kinetics. Blood samples were drawn at two points spanning 6 to 18 months post-vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Almost all participants, 98% (961/981), received a second vaccine dose, and only 8.5% (83/981) received a third dose. SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibodies were detected in 100% (961/961) and 92.7% (707/762) of participants who received two vaccine doses, with the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively, and in 100% (83/83) and 91.4% (64/70) of those who received three vaccine doses at the first and second post-vaccine test, respectively. Seventy-six participants developed mild infections, not requiring hospitalisation even after receiving primary vaccination. Receiving three vaccine doses influenced the anti-spike S/Co at both the first (p<0.001) and second post-vaccination testing (p<0.001). Of those who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive, the anti-spike S/Co ratio was significantly higher than those who were seronegative at the first post-vaccine test (p = 0.001). Side effects were reported by almost half of those who received the first dose, 47.3% (464/981), 28.9% (278/961) and 25.3% (21/83) of those who received the second and third vaccine doses, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Following the second dose of primary vaccination, all participants had detectable anti-spike antibodies. The observed mild breakthrough infections may have been due to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings suggest that although protective antibodies are induced, vaccination protected against COVID-19 disease severity and not necessarily infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W. Mwangi
- Research Division, Medical College East Africa, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Geoffrey Omuse
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rodney Adam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Ong’ete
- Occupational Safety and Health, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Matheka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Mugaine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shahin Sayed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Maina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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Galhaut M, Lundberg U, Marlin R, Schlegl R, Seidel S, Bartuschka U, Heindl-Wruss J, Relouzat F, Langlois S, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Morin J, Galpin-Lebreau M, Gallouët AS, Gros W, Naninck T, Pascal Q, Chapon C, Mouchain K, Fichet G, Lemaitre J, Cavarelli M, Contreras V, Legrand N, Meinke A, Le Grand R. Immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in male cynomolgus macaques. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:62. [PMID: 38570605 PMCID: PMC10991505 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fight against COVID-19 requires mass vaccination strategies, and vaccines inducing durable cross-protective responses are still needed. Inactivated vaccines have proven lasting efficacy against many pathogens and good safety records. They contain multiple protein antigens that may improve response breadth and can be easily adapted every year to maintain preparedness for future seasonally emerging variants. METHODS The vaccine dose was determined using ELISA and pseudoviral particle-based neutralization assay in the mice. The immunogenicity was assessed in the non-human primates with multiplex ELISA, neutralization assays, ELISpot and intracellular staining. The efficacy was demonstrated by viral quantification in fluids using RT-qPCR and respiratory tissue lesions evaluation. RESULTS Here we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of VLA2001 in animal models. VLA2001 formulated with alum and the TLR9 agonist CpG 1018™ adjuvant generate a Th1-biased immune response and serum neutralizing antibodies in female BALB/c mice. In male cynomolgus macaques, two injections of VLA2001 are sufficient to induce specific and polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses, predominantly Th1-biased, and high levels of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture. These antibodies also inhibit the binding of the Spike protein to human ACE2 receptor of several variants of concern most resistant to neutralization. After exposure to a high dose of homologous SARS-CoV-2, vaccinated groups exhibit significant levels of protection from viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and from lung tissue inflammation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the VLA2001 adjuvanted vaccine is immunogenic both in mouse and NHP models and prevent cynomolgus macaques from the viruses responsible of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Galhaut
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Romain Marlin
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Francis Relouzat
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sébastien Langlois
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julie Morin
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maxence Galpin-Lebreau
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Wesley Gros
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Mouchain
- ONCODESIGN SERVICES, François Hyafil Research Center, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Fichet
- ONCODESIGN SERVICES, François Hyafil Research Center, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Legrand
- ONCODESIGN SERVICES, François Hyafil Research Center, Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Su YW, Qiu YZ, Wang YH, Xu Y, Huang CC, Zhang Q, Su C, Ma JH, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhao MS, Yang HY, Li CL, Lu X. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with a bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (XBB.1.5/BQ.1) in Chinese participants aged 18 years or more: A randomised, double-blinded, active-controlled phase 1 trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:2438-2447. [PMID: 38461050 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants urges the development of new vaccines. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of SYS6006.32, a bivalent vaccine (XBB.1.5/BQ.1), in healthy adults who had received SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccination. In a randomised, double-blinded, active-controlled trial, 200 participants were randomised to receive one dose of SYS6006.32 (N = 100) or a prototype-based, monovalent control vaccine SYS6006 (N = 100). Adverse events (AEs) were collected through the study. Immunogenicity was assessed by live-virus neutralising antibody (Nab) and pseudovirus Nab. 61 (61.0 %) and 60 (60.0 %) participants reported AE in the SYS6006.32 and SYS6006 groups, respectively. Most AEs were grade 1 or 2. Pain and fever were the most common injection-site and systemic AEs, respectively. No serious AEs were observed. SYS6006.32 heterologous boosting induced robust Nab responses against BA.5, XBB.1.5 and EG.5 with live-virus Nab geometric mean titres (GMTs) increased by 17.1-, 34.0-, and 48.0-fold, and pseudovirus Nab GMTs increased by 12.2-, 32.0-, and 35.1-fold, respectively, 14 days after vaccination. SYS6006.32 demonstrated a superior immunogenicity to SYS6006. SYS6006.32 also induced robust pseudovirus Nab responses against XBB.1.16, XBB.2.3, and BA.2.86, with GMTs 3- to 6-fold higher than those induced by SYS6006. In conclusion, SYS6006.32 showed good safety profile and superior immunogenicity to the monovalent vaccine SYS6006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Su
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Qiu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Hui Wang
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Chao Huang
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang Su
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun-Heng Ma
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Liu
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Regents Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Zhao
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Han-Yu Yang
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Li
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiang Lu
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China; National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Song G, Li R, Cheng MQ. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29625. [PMID: 38650361 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the safety, immunogenicity and protective effective of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines (ICVs). Literature research was done through EMBASE, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science up to 10 March 2024. Pooled estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed and compared using the random effects and common effects model. Of the 15 studies, 11 analyzed safety, 13 analyzed immunogenicity, and 3 analyzed protective effective. The results showed a favorable safety profile of ICVs for primary vaccination series, however it does not always seem to produce the expected immune response and protective effective. Meta-analysis of ICVs booster vaccinations (BVs) showed that the levels of neutralizing antibody Geometric mean titer (nAb-GMT) with aerosolised Ad5-nCoV (AAd5-nCoV) were all higher than those with inactivated vaccine (INA-nCoV) (standard mean difference (SMD) = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.96-2.69) and intramuscular Ad5-nCoV (IMAd5-nCoV) (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14-0.48) against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we also observed similar results in the omicron variant. In addition, ICV in BVs has high mucosal immunity to IgA antibodies. The risk of adverse events was comparable or lower for AAd5-nCoV compared to INA-nCoV or IMAd5-nCoV. Current evidence shows that the safety profile of ICVs were well. The booster dose of AAd5-nCoV had a high immune response (including mucosal immunity) and provided protection against COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term safety of intranasal vaccine booster protection and various types of ICVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
| | - Meng-Qun Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Puer People's Hospital, Pu'er, China
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Xing M, Hu G, Wang X, Wang Y, He F, Dai W, Wang X, Niu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang X, Xu J, Cai Q, Zhou D. An intranasal combination vaccine induces systemic and mucosal immunity against COVID-19 and influenza. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:64. [PMID: 38509167 PMCID: PMC10954707 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite prolonged surveillance and interventions, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses continue to pose a severe global health burden. Thus, we developed a chimpanzee adenovirus-based combination vaccine, AdC68-HATRBD, with dual specificity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. When used as a standalone vaccine, intranasal immunization with AdC68-HATRBD induced comprehensive and potent immune responses consisting of immunoglobin (Ig) G, mucosal IgA, neutralizing antibodies, and memory T cells, which protected the mice from BA.5.2 and pandemic H1N1 infections. When used as a heterologous booster, AdC68-HATRBD markedly improved the protective immune response of the licensed SARS-CoV-2 or influenza vaccine. Therefore, whether administered intranasally as a standalone or booster vaccine, this combination vaccine is a valuable strategy to enhance the overall vaccine efficacy by inducing robust systemic and mucosal immune responses, thereby conferring dual lines of immunological defenses for these two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Weiqian Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Chengdu Kanghua Biological Products Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE&NHC&CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Wu X, Li J, Ma J, Liu Q, Wang L, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Wang A, Wen C, Qiu L, Yang Y, Lu D, Xu X, Zhu X, Cheng C, Wang D, Jing Z. Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A national prospective cohort study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:669-675. [PMID: 37439342 PMCID: PMC10950192 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has potential risks for both clinically worsening pulmonary hypertension (PH) and increasing mortality. However, the data regarding the protective role of vaccination in this population are still lacking. This study aimed to assess the safety of approved vaccination for patients with PH. METHODS In this national prospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with PH (World Health Organization [WHO] groups 1 and 4) were enrolled from October 2021 to April 2022. The primary outcome was the composite of PH-related major adverse events. We used an inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach to control for possible confounding factors in the baseline characteristics of patients. RESULTS In total, 706 patients with PH participated in this study (mean age, 40.3 years; mean duration after diagnosis of PH, 8.2 years). All patients received standardized treatment for PH in accordance with guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PH in China. Among them, 278 patients did not receive vaccination, whereas 428 patients completed the vaccination series. None of the participants were infected with COVID-19 during our study period. Overall, 398 patients received inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine, whereas 30 received recombinant protein subunit vaccine. After adjusting for baseline covariates using the IPW approach, the odds of any adverse events due to PH in the vaccinated group did not statistically significantly increase (27/428 [6.3%] vs. 24/278 [8.6%], odds ratio = 0.72, P = 0.302). Approximately half of the vaccinated patients reported at least one post-vaccination side effects, most of which were mild, including pain at the injection site (159/428, 37.1%), fever (11/428, 2.6%), and fatigue (26/428, 6.1%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination did not significantly augment the PH-related major adverse events for patients with WHO groups 1 and 4 PH, although there were some tolerable side effects. A large-scale randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm this finding. The final approval of the COVID-19 vaccination for patients with PH as a public health strategy is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieling Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Echocardiography, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Anyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cenjin Wen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Luhong Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yinjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xijie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zhicheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Kumwichar P, Poonsiri C, Botwright S, Sirichumroonwit N, Loharjun B, Thawillarp S, Cheewaruangroj N, Chokchaisiripakdee A, Teerawattananon Y, Chongsuvivatwong V. Durability of the Effectiveness of Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens in Thailand: Retrospective Cohort Study Using National Registration Data. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48255. [PMID: 38441923 PMCID: PMC10951833 DOI: 10.2196/48255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) has been primarily studied in high-income countries, while evaluation of heterologous vaccine policies in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the duration during which the VE of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens in mitigating serious outcomes, specifically severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization with COVID-19, remains over 50%. METHODS We formed a dynamic cohort by linking records of Thai citizens aged ≥18 years from citizen vital, COVID-19 vaccine, and COVID-19 cases registry databases between May 2021 and July 2022. Encrypted citizen identification numbers were used to merge the data between the databases. This study focuses on 8 common heterologous vaccine sequences: CoronaVac/ChAdOx1, ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1, CoronaVac/ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1, CoronaVac/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, BBIBP-CorV/BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2, ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2, and ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/mRNA-1273. Nonimmunized individuals were considered for comparisons. The cohort was stratified according to the vaccination status, age, sex, province location, month of vaccination, and outcome. Data analysis employed logistic regression to determine the VE, accounting for potential confounders and durability over time, with data observed over a follow-up period of 7 months. RESULTS This study includes 52,580,841 individuals, with approximately 17,907,215 and 17,190,975 receiving 2- and 3-dose common heterologous vaccines (not mutually exclusive), respectively. The 2-dose heterologous vaccinations offered approximately 50% VE against severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization with COVID-19 for 2 months; however, the protection significantly declined over time. The 3-dose heterologous vaccinations sustained over 50% VE against both outcomes for at least 8 months, as determined by logistic regression with durability time-interaction modeling. The vaccine sequence consisting of CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 demonstrated >80% VE against both outcomes, with no evidence of VE waning. The final monthly measured VE of CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 against severe COVID-19 and death following hospitalization at 7 months after the last dose was 82% (95% CI 80.3%-84%) and 86.3% (95% CI 83.6%-84%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Thailand, within a 7-month observation period, the 2-dose regimens could not maintain a 50% VE against severe and fatal COVID-19 for over 2 months, but all of the 3-dose regimens did. The CoronaVac/CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 regimen showed the best protective effect against severe and fatal COVID-19. The estimated durability of 50% VE for at least 8 months across all 3-dose heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens supports the adoption of heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies, with a primary series of inactivated virus vaccine and boosting with either a viral vector or an mRNA vaccine, to prevent similar pandemics in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponlagrit Kumwichar
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chittawan Poonsiri
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Siobhan Botwright
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Natchalaikorn Sirichumroonwit
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Bootsakorn Loharjun
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Medical Research and Technology Assessment, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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Huang J, Qiu Y, Luo L, Wu J, Hu D, Zhong X, Lin J, Guo L, Yang H, Li C, Wang X. Long-term immunogenicity and safety of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese participants who had received two or three doses of inactivated vaccine. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29542. [PMID: 38506170 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The emerging new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs booster vaccination. We evaluated the long-term safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine SYS6006. A total of 1000 participants aged 18 years or more who had received two (Group A) or three (Group B) doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine were enrolled and vaccinated with one dose of SYS6006 which was designed based on the prototype spike protein and introduced mutation sites. Adverse events (AEs) through 30 days and serious AEs during the study were collected. Live-virus and pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (Nab), binding antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and cellular immunity were tested through 180 days. Solicited all, injection-site and systemic AEs were reported by 618 (61.8%), 498 (49.8%), and 386 (38.6%) participants, respectively. Most AEs were grade 1. The two groups had similar safety profile. No vaccination-related SAEs were reported. Robust wild-type (WT) live-virus Nab response was elicited with peak geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 3769.5 (Group A) and 5994.7 (Group B) on day 14, corresponding to 1602.5- and 290.8-fold increase versus baseline, respectively. The BA.5 live-virus Nab GMTs were 87.7 (Group A) and 93.2 (Group B) on day 14. All participants seroconverted for WT live-virus Nab. Robust pseudovirus Nab and IgG responses to wild type and BA.5 were also elicited. ELISpot assay showed robust cellular immune response, which was not obviously affected by virus variation. In conclusion, SYS6006 heterologous boosting demonstrated long-term good safety and immunogenicity in participants who had received two or three doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Huang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Hu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lixian Guo
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Vijayan A, Sukumaran A, Jones S, Paul A, Ahmed S, Mehta P, Mohanan M, Kumar S, Easwaran S, Shenoy P. Boosting Vaccine Response in Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Patients With Inadequate Seroconversion: An Analysis of the Immunogenicity of Vector-Based and Inactivated Vaccines. Cureus 2024; 16:e55764. [PMID: 38586774 PMCID: PMC10998979 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An additional dose of COVID-19 vaccine is being offered to vaccinated people, especially those immunocompromised. The most widely available vaccines in India are the adenoviral vector-based AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) and the heat-inactivated (BBV152). This study investigated the efficacy of both vaccines in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD). OBJECTIVES To compare final anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, neutralization of pseudovirions by these antibodies, and T cell responses between patients of AIRD who had received the third dose of AZD1222 and BBV152 vaccines. METHODS Patients with stable AIRD who had completed two doses of COVID-19 vaccination but had a suboptimal response (anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody<212) were randomized (1:1) to receive either AZD1222 or BBV152 as a booster dose. Patients with previous hybrid immunity or those who developed COVID-19 during the trial were excluded. Antibody titers, neutralization of Wuhan and Omicron pseudovirions, and interferon release by T cells (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot)) in response to the Spike antigen were measured four weeks after this booster dose. RESULTS 146 were screened, 91 were randomized, and 67 were analyzed per protocol. The third dose improved antibody titers (p<0.001), neutralization of the Wuhan strain (p<0.001), and T cell interferon release (p<0.001) but not neutralization of the Omicron strain (p=0.24). Antibody titers were higher (p<0.005) after ADZ1222 boost (2,414 IU (interquartile range (IQR): 330-10,315)) than BBV1222 (347.7 IU (0.4-973)). Neutralization of the Wuhan stain was better (AZD1222: 76.6%(23.0-95.45) versus BBV152 (32.7% (0-78.9), p=0.03 by ANCOVA). Neutralization of Omicron (0 (0-28.4) vs 0 (0-4.8)) and T cell interferon release (57.0 IU (23.5-95) vs 50.5 IU (13.2-139)) were similar. CONCLUSION The third dose improved all parameters of immunogenicity in AIRD patients with previous inadequate responses except Omicron neutralization. The vector-based vaccine exhibits notable efficacy, particularly in antibody titers and neutralizing the Wuhan strain. TRIAL REGISTRATION CTRI/2021/12/038928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuroopa Vijayan
- Rheumatology, Dr Shenoys CARE, Kochi, IND
- Rheumatology, Sree Sudheendra Medical Mission, Kochi, IND
| | | | - Sara Jones
- Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Aby Paul
- Pharmacy, Dr Shenoys CARE, Kochi, IND
| | - Sakir Ahmed
- Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pankti Mehta
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | | | - Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
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Bohmwald K, Diethelm-Varela B, Rodríguez-Guilarte L, Rivera T, Riedel CA, González PA, Kalergis AM. Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341600. [PMID: 38482000 PMCID: PMC10932978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social and economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention and therapeutic efforts have concentrated on the acute phase of the disease, a notable proportion of survivors experience persistent symptoms post-infection clearance. This diverse set of symptoms, loosely categorized as long COVID, presents a potential additional public health crisis. It is estimated that 1 in 5 COVID-19 survivors exhibit clinical manifestations consistent with long COVID. Despite this prevalence, the mechanisms and pathophysiology of long COVID remain poorly understood. Alarmingly, evidence suggests that a significant proportion of cases within this clinical condition develop debilitating or disabling symptoms. Hence, urgent priority should be given to further studies on this condition to equip global public health systems for its management. This review provides an overview of available information on this emerging clinical condition, focusing on the affected individuals' epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and immunological and inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Diethelm-Varela
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Erfanpoor S, Banihashemi SR, Mokhbaeralsafa L, Kalantari S, Es-Haghi A, Nofeli M, Rezaei Mokarram A, Sadeghi F, Hajimoradi M, Razaz SH, Taghdiri M, Lotfi M, Khorasani A, Ansarifar A, Masoumi S, Mohazzab A, Filsoof S, Mohseni V, Shahsavan M, Gharavi N, Setarehdan SA, Rabiee MH, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Solaymani-Dodaran M. Immunogenicity and safety of RAZI recombinant spike protein vaccine (RCP) as a booster dose after priming with BBIBP-CorV: a parallel two groups, randomized, double blind trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:78. [PMID: 38378570 PMCID: PMC10877779 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunity induced by primary vaccination is effective against COVID-19; however, booster vaccines are needed to maintain vaccine-induced immunity and improve protection against emerging variants. Heterologous boosting is believed to result in more robust immune responses. This study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of the Razi Cov Pars vaccine (RCP) as a heterologous booster dose in people primed with Beijing Bio-Institute of Biological Products Coronavirus Vaccine (BBIBP-CorV). METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial in adults aged 18 and over primarily vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a booster dose of RCP or BBIBP-CorV vaccines. The primary outcome was neutralizing antibody activity measured by a conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT). The secondary efficacy outcomes included specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1 and receptor-binding domain, RBD) antigens and cell-mediated immunity. We measured humoral antibody responses at 2 weeks (in all participants) and 3 and 6 months (a subgroup of 101 participants) after the booster dose injection. The secondary safety outcomes were solicited and unsolicited immediate, local, and systemic adverse reactions. RESULTS We recruited 483 eligible participants between December 7, 2021, and January 13, 2022. The mean age was 51.9 years, and 68.1% were men. Neutralizing antibody titers increased about 3 (geometric mean fold increase, GMFI = 2.77, 95% CI 2.26-3.39) and 21 (GMFI = 21.51, 95% CI 16.35-28.32) times compared to the baseline in the BBIBP-CorV and the RCP vaccine groups. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) and 95% CI for serum neutralizing antibody titers for RCP compared with BBIBP-CorV on days 14, 90, and 180 were 6.81 (5.32-8.72), 1.77 (1.15-2.72), and 2.37 (1.62-3.47) respectively. We observed a similar pattern for specific antibody responses against S1 and RBD. We detected a rise in gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin 2 (IL-2) following stimulation with S antigen, particularly in the RCP group, and the flow cytometry examination showed an increase in the percentage of CD3 + /CD8 + lymphocytes. RCP and BBIBP-CorV had similar safety profiles; we identified no vaccine-related or unrelated deaths. CONCLUSIONS BBIBP-CorV and RCP vaccines as booster doses are safe and provide a strong immune response that is more robust when the RCP vaccine is used. Heterologous vaccines are preferred as booster doses. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial at www.irct.ir , IRCT20201214049709N4. Registered 29 November 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Erfanpoor
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Banihashemi
- Department of Immunology, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ladan Mokhbaeralsafa
- Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Es-Haghi
- Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nofeli
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei Mokarram
- Department of QA, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Fariba Sadeghi
- Department of QA, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Monireh Hajimoradi
- Department of Immunology, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyad Hossein Razaz
- Department of Immunology, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdiri
- Department of Immunology, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Lotfi
- Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Akbar Khorasani
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Akram Ansarifar
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safdar Masoumi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mohazzab
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute Tehran, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Filsoof
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mohseni
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shahsavan
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Gharavi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Setarehdan
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-E-Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Rabiee
- Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-E-Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Clinical Trial Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Aboshi M, Matsuda K, Kawakami D, Kono K, Kazami Y, Sekida T, Komori M, Morey AL, Suga S, Smith JF, Fukuhara T, Iwatani Y, Yamamoto T, Sato N, Akahata W. Safety and immunogenicity of VLPCOV-02, a SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine with a modified base, 5-methylcytosine. iScience 2024; 27:108964. [PMID: 38352232 PMCID: PMC10863314 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuing emergence of variants of concern resulting in reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy necessitates additional prevention strategies. The structure of VLPCOV-01, a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, self-amplifying RNA COVID-19 vaccine with a comparable immune response to BNT162b2, was revised by incorporating a modified base, 5-methylcytosine, to reduce reactogenicity, and an updated receptor-binding domain derived from the Brazil (gamma) variant. Interim analyses of a phase 1 dose-escalation booster vaccination study with the resulting construct, VLPCOV-02, in healthy, previously vaccinated Japanese individuals (N = 96) are reported (jRCT2051230005). A dose-related increase in solicited local and systemic adverse events was observed, which were generally rated mild or moderate. The most commonly occurring events were tenderness, pain, fatigue, and myalgia. Serum SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin titers increased during the 4 weeks post-immunization. VLPCOV-02 demonstrated a favorable safety profile compared with VLPCOV-01, with reduced adverse events and fewer fever events at an equivalent dose. These findings support further study of VLPCOV-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Aboshi
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Kawakami
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kono
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Yoko Kazami
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Takashi Sekida
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Mai Komori
- VLP Therapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Suga
- National Hospital Organization, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie 514-0125, Japan
| | | | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Iwatani
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0001, Japan
- Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Precision Immunology, Center for Intractable Diseases and ImmunoGenomics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics Japan, Inc., 1-16-4 Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
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Strukcinskiene B, Valotkiene Z, Jurgaitis J, Grigoliene R, Genowska A. Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination in Frontline Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:199. [PMID: 38400182 PMCID: PMC10891992 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the immune response to vaccination against COVID-19 in 534 healthcare frontline workers in Vilnius, Lithuania. The incidence of COVID-19 was reduced significantly after vaccination started in the healthcare sector. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in groups V-VII and this level of antibodies was found to be effective in preventing COVID-19. Sustained immune response was achieved after two vaccination doses, which remained stable for up to 6 months. After the booster dose, antibody levels remained high for an additional 12 months. Although SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels decreased after 6 months, even lower levels of antibodies provided protection against the Delta strain. The booster dose distributed the antibody titer in the high-level antibody groups, offering maximum protection at 12 months. However, even individuals with high antibody titers were observed to contract COVID-19 after vaccination with a booster dose and 6 months in the presence of the Omicron strain. Unfortunately, high levels of antibodies did not provide protection against the new strain of COVID-19 (the Omicron variant), posing a risk of infection. When comparing the antibody titer of vaccinated participants without COVID-19 and those with COVID-19, the change in antibodies after vaccination was significantly lower in infected participants. Individuals with comorbidities and specific conditions had lower antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birute Strukcinskiene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (Z.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Zydre Valotkiene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (Z.V.); (J.J.)
- Epidemiology Sub-Division, Infection Control Department, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Jurgaitis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania; (Z.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Rasa Grigoliene
- Faculty of Marine Technologies and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania;
| | - Agnieszka Genowska
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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Luo W, Gan J, Luo Z, Li S, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Xian J, Cheng R, Tang X, Liu Y, Yang L, Mou Q, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Bai L, Wei X, Zhang R, Yang L, Chen Y, Yang L, Li Y, Liu D, Li W, Chen L. Safety, immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of heterologous boost with a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) in adult recipients of inactivated vaccines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:41. [PMID: 38355676 PMCID: PMC10866951 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have proven effective in protecting populations against COVID-19, including the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells), the first approved recombinant protein vaccine in China. In this positive-controlled trial with 85 adult participants (Sf9 cells group: n = 44; CoronaVac group: n = 41), we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective effectiveness of a heterologous boost with the Sf9 cells vaccine in adults who had been vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine, and found a post-booster adverse events rate of 20.45% in the Sf9 cells group and 31.71% in the CoronaVac group (p = 0.279), within 28 days after booster injection. Neither group reported any severe adverse events. Following the Sf9 cells vaccine booster, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of binding antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of prototype SARS-CoV-2 on day 28 post-booster was significantly higher than that induced by the CoronaVac vaccine booster (100,683.37 vs. 9,451.69, p < 0.001). In the Sf9 cells group, GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against pseudo SARS-CoV-2 viruses (prototype and diverse variants of concern [VOCs]) increased by 22.23-75.93 folds from baseline to day 28 post-booster, while the CoronaVac group showed increases of only 3.29-10.70 folds. Similarly, neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 viruses (prototype and diverse VOCs) increased by 68.18-192.67 folds on day 14 post-booster compared with the baseline level, significantly greater than the CoronaVac group (19.67-37.67 folds). A more robust Th1 cellular response was observed with the Sf9 cells booster on day 14 post-booster (mean IFN-γ+ spot-forming cells per 2 × 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells: 26.66 vs. 13.59). Protective effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was approximately twice as high in the Sf9 cells group compared to the CoronaVac group (68.18% vs. 36.59%, p = 0.004). Our study findings support the high protective effectiveness of heterologous boosting with the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) against symptomatic COVID-19 of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, while causing no apparent safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiadi Gan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huohuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghong Xian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixin Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Mou
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yantong Wang
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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50
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Sezer Z, Pavel STI, Inal A, Yetiskin H, Kaplan B, Uygut MA, Aslan AF, Bayram A, Mazicioglu M, Kalin Unuvar G, Yuce ZT, Aydin G, Kaya RK, Ates I, Kara A, Ozdarendeli A. Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38400124 PMCID: PMC10893411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time and warrants booster doses. We investigated the long-term (32 weeks) immunogenicity and safety of a third, homologous, open-label booster dose of TURKOVAC, administered 12 weeks after completion of the primary series in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study. Forty-two participants included in the analysis were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (with microneutralization (MNT50) and focus reduction (FRNT50) tests), SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (Spike S1 Receptor Binding Domain), and whole SARS-CoV-2 (with ELISA) IgGs on the day of booster injection and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 thereafter. Antibody titers increased significantly from week 1 and remained higher than the pre-booster titers until at least week 4 (week 8 for whole SARS-CoV-2) (p < 0.05 for all). Seroconversion (titers ≥ 4-fold compared with pre-immune status) persisted 16 weeks (MNT50: 6-fold; FRNT50: 5.4-fold) for NAbs and 32 weeks for S1 RBD (7.9-fold) and whole SARS-CoV-2 (9.4-fold) IgGs. Nine participants (20.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between weeks 8 and 32 of booster vaccination; none of them were hospitalized or died. These findings suggest that boosting with TURKOVAC can provide effective protection against COVID-19 for at least 8 weeks and reduce the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sezer
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Shaikh Terkis Islam Pavel
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Hazel Yetiskin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kaplan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Ali Uygut
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Aslan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Bayram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Mumtaz Mazicioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Kalin Unuvar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ture Yuce
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gunsu Aydin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | | | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06530, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kara
- Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB), Istanbul 34718, Türkiye
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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