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Gao S, Shen R, Li J, Jiang Y, Sun H, Wu X, Li X, Miao C, He M, Wang J, Chen W. N-acetyltransferase 10 mediates cognitive dysfunction through the acetylation of GABA BR1 mRNA in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2410564121. [PMID: 39190359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2410564121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a critical neurological complication of sepsis and represents a crucial factor contributing to high mortality and adverse prognosis in septic patients. This study explored the contribution of NAT10-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) acetylation in cognitive dysfunction associated with SAE, utilizing a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced SAE mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that CLP significantly upregulates NAT10 expression and mRNA acetylation in the excitatory neurons of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Notably, neuronal-specific Nat10 knockdown improved cognitive function in septic mice, highlighting its critical role in SAE. Proteomic analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and real-time qPCR identified GABABR1 as a key downstream target of NAT10. Nat10 deletion reduced GABABR1 expression, and subsequently weakened inhibitory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal DG neurons. Further analysis revealed that microglia activation and the release of inflammatory mediators lead to the increased NAT10 expression in neurons. Microglia depletion with PLX3397 effectively reduced NAT10 and GABABR1 expression in neurons, and ameliorated cognitive dysfunction induced by SAE. In summary, our findings revealed that after CLP, NAT10 in hippocampal DG neurons promotes GABABR1 expression through mRNA acetylation, leading to cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjia Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruling Shen
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai 201104, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201799, China
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Tian L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu X, Nie H, Li K, Liu H, Lai W, Shi Y, Xi Z, Lin B. Effects of nanoplastic exposure during pregnancy and lactation on neurodevelopment of rat offspring. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134800. [PMID: 38850955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have emerged as a prominent global environmental contaminant, and they have been found in both human placenta and breast milk. However, the potential effects and mechanisms of maternal exposure to microplastics at various gestational stages on offspring neurodevelopment remain poorly understood. This investigation delves into the potential neurodevelopmental ramifications of maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) during distinct phases of pregnancy and lactation. Targeted metabolomics shows that co-exposure during both pregnancy and lactation primarily engendered alterations in monoamine neurotransmitters within the cortex and amino acid neurotransmitters within the hippocampus. After prenatal exposure to PS-NPs, fetal rats showed appreciably diminished cortical thickness and heightened cortical cell proliferation. However, this exposure did not affect the neurodifferentiation of radial glial cells and intermediate progenitor cells. In addition, offspring are accompanied by disordered neocortical migration, typified by escalated superficial layer neurons proliferation and reduced deep layer neurons populations. Moreover, the hippocampal synapses showed significantly widened synaptic clefts and diminished postsynaptic density. Consequently, PS-NPs culminated in deficits in anxiolytic-like behaviors and spatial memory in adolescent offspring, aligning with concurrent neurotransmitter and synaptic alterations. In conclusion, this study elucidates the sensitive windows of early-life nanoplastic exposure and the consequential impact on offspring neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063200, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huipeng Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Zheng H, Zhai T, Lin X, Dong G, Yang Y, Yuan TF. The resting-state brain activity signatures for addictive disorders. MED 2024; 5:201-223.e6. [PMID: 38359839 PMCID: PMC10939772 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder. Despite numerous neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies on individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) or behavioral addiction (BEA), currently a clear neural activity signature for the addicted brain is lacking. METHODS We first performed systemic coordinate-based meta-analysis and partial least-squares regression to identify shared or distinct brain regions across multiple addictive disorders, with abnormal resting-state activity in SUD and BEA based on 46 studies (55 contrasts), including regional homogeneity (ReHo) and low-frequency fluctuation amplitude (ALFF) or fractional ALFF. We then combined Neurosynth, postmortem gene expression, and receptor/transporter distribution data to uncover the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these neural activity signatures. FINDINGS The overall comparison between addiction cohorts and healthy subjects indicated significantly increased ReHo and ALFF in the right striatum (putamen) and bilateral supplementary motor area, as well as decreased ReHo and ALFF in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, in the addiction group. On the other hand, neural activity in cingulate cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex differed between SUD and BEA subjects. Using molecular analyses, the altered resting activity recapitulated the spatial distribution of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and acetylcholine system in SUD, while this also includes the serotonergic system in BEA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate both common and distinctive neural substrates underlying SUD and BEA, which validates and supports targeted neuromodulation against addiction. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianye Zhai
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiao Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Institute of Mental Health and Drug Discovery, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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4
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Minniti ML, Kalantari S, Pasca L, Bruno S, Arceri S, Novello E, Giorgio E, Rizzo V, Borgatti R, Valente EM, Pisani A, Orcesi S, Sirchia F. Expanding the phenotype of Brunner syndrome from childhood to adulthood: Description of the second pediatric patient and his mother. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:82-87. [PMID: 37750385 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Brunner syndrome is a recessive X-linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). It is characterized by distinctive aggressive behavior, mild intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, and typical biochemical alterations deriving from the impaired monoamine metabolism. We herein describe a 5-year-old boy with developmental delay, autistic features, and myoclonic epilepsy, and his mother, who had mild intellectual disability and recurrent episodes of palpitations, headache, abdominal pain, and abdominal bloating. Whole exome sequencing allowed detection of the maternally-inherited variant c.410A>G, (p.Glu137Gly) in the MAOA gene. The subsequent biochemical studies confirmed the MAOA deficiency both in the child and his mother. Given the serotonergic symptoms associated with high serotonin levels found in the mother, treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dietary modifications were carried out, resulting in regression of the biochemical abnormalities and partial reduction of symptoms. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Brunner disease, bringing new perspectives on the behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotype from childhood to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Minniti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pasca
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Novello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neurogenetics Research Center, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Rizzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Neurogenetics Research Center, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS, Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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5
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Shao Y, Zhou L, Li F, Zhao L, Zhang BL, Shao F, Chen JW, Chen CY, Bi X, Zhuang XL, Zhu HL, Hu J, Sun Z, Li X, Wang D, Rivas-González I, Wang S, Wang YM, Chen W, Li G, Lu HM, Liu Y, Kuderna LFK, Farh KKH, Fan PF, Yu L, Li M, Liu ZJ, Tiley GP, Yoder AD, Roos C, Hayakawa T, Marques-Bonet T, Rogers J, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Schierup MH, Yao YG, Zhang YP, Wang W, Qi XG, Zhang G, Wu DD. Phylogenomic analyses provide insights into primate evolution. Science 2023; 380:913-924. [PMID: 37262173 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of primate genomes within a phylogenetic context is essential for understanding the evolution of human genetic architecture and primate diversity. We present such a study of 50 primate species spanning 38 genera and 14 families, including 27 genomes first reported here, with many from previously less well represented groups, the New World monkeys and the Strepsirrhini. Our analyses reveal heterogeneous rates of genomic rearrangement and gene evolution across primate lineages. Thousands of genes under positive selection in different lineages play roles in the nervous, skeletal, and digestive systems and may have contributed to primate innovations and adaptations. Our study reveals that many key genomic innovations occurred in the Simiiformes ancestral node and may have had an impact on the adaptive radiation of the Simiiformes and human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Center of Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, and Women's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Li
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, ZhejiangWanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bao-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Southwest University School of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400715, China
| | | | - Chun-Yan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xupeng Bi
- Center of Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, and Women's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | | | - Jiang Hu
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zongyi Sun
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin Li
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yun-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hui-Meng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lukas F K Kuderna
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Kyle Kai-How Farh
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - George P Tiley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Takashi Hayakawa
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Japan Monkey Centre, Inuyama, Aichi 484-0081, Japan
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter D Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Center of Evolutionary & Organismal Biology, and Women's Hospital at Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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Functional characterization of dopamine and norepinephrine transport across the apical and basal plasma membranes of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11603. [PMID: 35804076 PMCID: PMC9270497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta represents a unique non-neuronal site of monoamine transporter expression, with pathophysiological relevance during the prenatal period. Monoamines (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) are crucial neuromodulators for proper placenta functions and fetal development, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and neuronal migration. Accumulating evidence suggests that even a transient disruption of monoamine balance during gestation may lead to permanent changes in the fetal brain structures and functions, projecting into adulthood. Nonetheless, little is known about the transfer of dopamine and norepinephrine across the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Employing the method of isolated membranes from the human term placenta, here we delineate the transport mechanisms involved in dopamine and norepinephrine passage across the apical microvillous (MVM) and basal membranes. We show that the placental uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine across the mother-facing MVM is mediated via the high-affinity and low-capacity serotonin (SERT/SLC6A4) and norepinephrine (NET/SLC6A2) transporters. In the fetus-facing basal membrane, however, the placental uptake of both monoamines is controlled by the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3/SLC22A3). Our findings thus provide insights into physiological aspects of dopamine and norepinephrine transport across both the maternal and fetal sides of the placenta. As monoamine transporters represent targets for several neuroactive drugs such as antidepressants, our findings are pharmacologically relevant to ensure the safety of drug use during pregnancy.
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7
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Schmitz F, Ferreira FS, Silveira JS, V. R. Júnior O, T. S. Wyse A. Effects of methylphenidate after a long period of discontinuation include changes in exploratory behavior and increases brain activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Jensen AG, Knudsen SS, Bech BH. Prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and the development of the offspring – a systematic review. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Lee GS, Graham DL, Noble BL, Trammell TS, McCarthy DM, Anderson LR, Rubinstein M, Bhide PG, Stanwood GD. Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Consequences of Cell-Type Specific Loss of Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:815713. [PMID: 35095443 PMCID: PMC8793809 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.815713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysregulation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) alters neuronal migration, differentiation, and behavior and contributes to the psychopathology of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The current study is aimed at identifying how cell-specific loss of D2Rs in the cerebral cortex may impact neurobehavioral and cellular development, in order to better understand the roles of this receptor in cortical circuit formation and brain disorders. We deleted D2R from developing cortical GABAergic interneurons (Nkx2.1-Cre) or from developing telencephalic glutamatergic neurons (Emx1-Cre). Conditional knockouts (cKO) from both lines, Drd2fl/fl, Nkx2.1-Cre+ (referred to as GABA-D2R-cKO mice) or Drd2fl/fl, Emx1-Cre+ (referred to as Glu-D2R-cKO mice), exhibited no differences in simple tests of anxiety-related or depression-related behaviors, or spatial or nonspatial working memory. Both GABA-D2R-cKO and Glu-D2R-cKO mice also had normal basal locomotor activity, but GABA-D2R-cKO mice expressed blunted locomotor responses to the psychotomimetic drug MK-801. GABA-D2R-cKO mice exhibited improved motor coordination on a rotarod whereas Glu-D2R-cKO mice were normal. GABA-D2R-cKO mice also exhibited spatial learning deficits without changes in reversal learning on a Barnes maze. At the cellular level, we observed an increase in PV+ cells in the frontal cortex of GABA-D2R-cKO mice and no noticeable changes in Glu-D2R-cKO mice. These data point toward unique and distinct roles for D2Rs within excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the regulation of behavior and interneuron development, and suggest that location-biased D2R pharmacology may be clinically advantageous to achieve higher efficacy and help avoid unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria S. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Devon L. Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Brenda L. Noble
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Taylor S. Trammell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Deirdre M. McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Lisa R. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pradeep G. Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Gregg D. Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Gregg D. Stanwood
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10
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Cheng AWF, Chan HB, Ip LS, Wan KKY, Yu ELM, Chiu WK, Chung PH, Yeoh EK. The physical and developmental outcomes of children whose mothers are substance abusers: Analysis of associated factors and the impact of early intervention. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1004890. [PMID: 36340731 PMCID: PMC9631827 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1004890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal illicit drug use is associated with negative physical and developmental outcomes for their born children. We aim to find out the incidence of different developmental problems in a cohort of Chinese children born to drug-abusing mothers, compare the physical health and developmental outcomes of the subjects recruited in the Integrated Program to the Comprehensive Child Development Service (CCDS), and to study the potential factors on their associations. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal cohort study with frequent clinical assessments of the children's physical and developmental outcomes in a HKSAR's regional hospital from birth until 5 years old. 123 Children in Integrated Program were compared with 214 children in CCDS between 1 January 2008 and 28 February 2019. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the possible factors associated with the developmental outcomes. RESULTS Developmental delay was detected in 129 children (38.9%). CCDS group has significantly higher incidence of cognitive delay (p = < 0.001), language delay (p = < 0.001), motor delay (p = < 0.001), social delay (p = 0.002), and global delay (p = 0.002). On Cox multivariable regression analysis, integrated program (HRadj 0.53, 95% C. I. 0.34-0.84), social support (HRadj 0.45, 95% C.I. 0.25-0.80), and maternal abstinence from drug use up to 2-year post-delivery (HRadj 0.62, 95% C.I. 0.40-0.95) were significant protective factors, while male gender (HRadj 1.73, 95% C.I. 1.18-2.54) was a significant risk factor. CONCLUSION CCDS achieves early engagement of drug-abusing expectant mothers during pregnancy, and an early integrated program with multidisciplinary collaboration was an independent factor in improving the developmental outcomes of these vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wai Fun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Biu Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Sheung Ip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Katy Kit Ying Wan
- Rainbow Lutheran Centre, Hong Kong Lutheran Social Service, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ellen Lok Man Yu
- Clinical Research Centre, Kowloon West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wa Keung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pui Hong Chung
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eng Kiong Yeoh
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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van Rhijn JR, Shi Y, Bormann M, Mossink B, Frega M, Recaioglu H, Hakobjan M, Klein Gunnewiek T, Schoenmaker C, Palmer E, Faivre L, Kittel-Schneider S, Schubert D, Brunner H, Franke B, Nadif Kasri N. Brunner syndrome associated MAOA mutations result in NMDAR hyperfunction and increased network activity in human dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 163:105587. [PMID: 34923109 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine neurotransmitter abundance affects motor control, emotion, and cognitive function and is regulated by monoamine oxidases. Among these, Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) catalyzes the degradation of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin into their inactive metabolites. Loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked MAOA gene have been associated with Brunner syndrome, which is characterized by various forms of impulsivity, maladaptive externalizing behavior, and mild intellectual disability. Impaired MAOA activity in individuals with Brunner syndrome results in bioamine aberration, but it is currently unknown how this affects neuronal function, specifically in dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Here we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived DA neurons from three individuals with Brunner syndrome carrying different mutations and characterized neuronal properties at the single cell and neuronal network level in vitro. DA neurons of Brunner syndrome patients showed reduced synaptic density but exhibited hyperactive network activity. Intrinsic functional properties and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission were not affected in DA neurons of individuals with Brunner syndrome. Instead, we show that the neuronal network hyperactivity is mediated by upregulation of the GRIN2A and GRIN2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), resulting in increased NMDAR-mediated currents. By correcting a MAOA missense mutation with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing we normalized GRIN2A and GRIN2B expression, NMDAR function and neuronal population activity to control levels. Our data suggest that MAOA mutations in Brunner syndrome increase the activity of dopaminergic neurons through upregulation of NMDAR function, which may contribute to the etiology of Brunner syndrome associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Ruben van Rhijn
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maren Bormann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Britt Mossink
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Hatice Recaioglu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Hakobjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Klein Gunnewiek
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Schoenmaker
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du développement et Syndromes malformatifs and FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, Dijon, France; INSERM UMR1231 GAD, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, MUMC+, GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, and MHeNS School of Neuroscience and Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Ogawa S, Pfaff DW, Parhar IS. Fish as a model in social neuroscience: conservation and diversity in the social brain network. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:999-1020. [PMID: 33559323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms for fish social behaviours involve a social brain network (SBN) which is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. However, considerable diversity is observed in the actual behaviour patterns amongst nearly 30000 fish species. The huge variation found in socio-sexual behaviours and strategies is likely generated by a morphologically and genetically well-conserved small forebrain system. Hence, teleost fish provide a useful model to study the fundamental mechanisms underlying social brain functions. Herein we review the foundations underlying fish social behaviours including sensory, hormonal, molecular and neuroanatomical features. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons clearly play important roles, but the participation of vasotocin and isotocin is also highlighted. Genetic investigations of developing fish brain have revealed the molecular complexity of neural development of the SBN. In addition to straightforward social behaviours such as sex and aggression, new experiments have revealed higher order and unique phenomena such as social eavesdropping and social buffering in fish. Finally, observations interpreted as 'collective cognition' in fish can likely be explained by careful observation of sensory determinants and analyses using the dynamics of quantitative scaling. Understanding of the functions of the SBN in fish provide clues for understanding the origin and evolution of higher social functions in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, U.S.A
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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13
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Auerbach RP, Pagliaccio D, Allison GO, Alqueza KL, Alonso MF. Neural Correlates Associated With Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Youth. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:119-133. [PMID: 32782140 PMCID: PMC7726029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is no definitive neural marker of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) or nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and relative to adults, research in youth is more limited. This comprehensive review focuses on magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting structural and functional neural correlates of STBs and NSSI in youth to 1) elucidate shared and independent neural alternations, 2) clarify how developmental processes may interact with neural alterations to confer risk, and 3) provide recommendations based on convergence across studies. Forty-seven articles were reviewed (STBs = 27; NSSI = 20), and notably, 63% of STB articles and 45% of NSSI articles were published in the previous 3 years. Structural magnetic resonance imaging research suggests reduced volume in the ventral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices among youth reporting STBs, and there is reduced anterior cingulate cortex volume related to STBs and NSSI. With regard to functional alterations, blunted striatal activation may characterize STB and NSSI youth, and there is reduced frontolimbic task-based connectivity in suicide ideators and attempters. Resting-state functional connectivity findings highlight reduced positive connectivity between the default mode network and salience network in attempters and show that self-injurers exhibit frontolimbic alterations. Together, suicidal and nonsuicidal behaviors are related to top-down and bottom-up neural alterations, which may compromise approach, avoidance, and regulatory systems. Future longitudinal research with larger and well-characterized samples, especially those integrating ambulatory stress assessments, will be well positioned to identify novel targets that may improve early identification and treatment for youth with STBs and NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy P. Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, New York, USA, Corresponding author: 1051 Riverside Drive, Pardes 2407, New York, NY 10032;
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Grace O. Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kira L. Alqueza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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14
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González-Maciel A, Romero-Velázquez RM, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Sanchez Aparicio P, Reynoso-Robles R. Prenatal exposure to oxcarbazepine increases hippocampal apoptosis in rat offspring. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101729. [PMID: 31794794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed apoptosis in the offspring of rats exposed to oxcarbazepine (OXC) from day 7 to 15 of gestation. Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats were used: 1) Control, treated with saline solution; 2) treated with 100 mg/kg OXC; 3) treated with 100 mg/kg of carbamazepine (CBZ, as a positive control for apoptosis); the route of administration was intragastric. Apoptosis was detected at three postnatal ages using the TUNEL technique in the CA1, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and in the dentate gyrus (DG); neurogenesis was assessed in the DG using an antibody against doublecortin. The litter characteristics were recorded. OXC increased apoptosis in all regions (p < 0.01) at the three ages evaluated. Lamination disruption occurred in CA1 and CA3 due to the neuron absence and to ectopic neurons; there were also malformations in the dorsal lamina of the DG in 38% and 25% of the pups born from rats treated with OXC and CBZ respectively. CBZ also increased apoptosis. No clear effect on neurogenesis in the DG was observed. The size of the litter was smaller (p < 0.01) in the experimental groups. Nineteen-day OXC fetuses had low weight (p < 0.01), but 21 and 30 postnatal days old CBZ and OXC pups were overweight (p < 0.01). The results demonstrate that OXC administered during gestation is pro-apoptotic, alters the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus, reduces litter size, and probably influences postnatal weight. We provide evidence of the proapoptotic effect of CBZ when administered early in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - R M Romero-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - A Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City, C.P. 14389, Mexico.
| | - P Sanchez Aparicio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - R Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
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15
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Price LR, Martinez J. Biological effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature. F1000Res 2019; 8:1586. [PMID: 32595938 PMCID: PMC7308884 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R. Price
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Javier Martinez
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
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16
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Price LR, Martinez J. Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature. F1000Res 2019; 8:1586. [PMID: 32595938 PMCID: PMC7308884 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20062.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie R. Price
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Javier Martinez
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Japan Tobacco International, Genève, Genève, 1202, Switzerland
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17
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Chidambaram SB, Rathipriya AG, Bolla SR, Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Manivasagam T, Thenmozhi AJ, Essa MM, Guillemin GJ, Chandra R, Sakharkar MK. Dendritic spines: Revisiting the physiological role. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:161-193. [PMID: 30654089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that dendritic spines are complex structures consisting of a dense network of cytoskeletal, transmembrane and scaffolding molecules, and numerous surface receptors. Molecular signaling pathways, mainly Rho and Ras family small GTPases pathways that converge on actin cytoskeleton, regulate the spine morphology and dynamics bi-directionally during synaptic activity. During synaptic plasticity the number and shapes of dendritic spines undergo radical reorganizations. Long-term potentiation (LTP) induction promote spine head enlargement and the formation and stabilization of new spines. Long-term depression (LTD) results in their shrinkage and retraction. Reports indicate increased spine density in the pyramidal neurons of autism and Fragile X syndrome patients and reduced density in the temporal gyrus loci of schizophrenic patients. Post-mortem reports of Alzheimer's brains showed reduced spine number in the hippocampus and cortex. This review highlights the spine morphogenesis process, the activity-dependent structural plasticity and mechanisms by which synaptic activity sculpts the dendritic spines, the structural and functional changes in spines during learning and memory using LTP and LTD processes. It also discusses on spine status in neurodegenerative diseases and the impact of nootropics and neuroprotective agents on the functional restoration of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Damam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Arehally Marappa Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuropharmacology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Deb Bailey MND Research Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Ambedkar Centre for BioMedical Research, Delhi University, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.
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18
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Kast RJ, Levitt P. Precision in the development of neocortical architecture: From progenitors to cortical networks. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 175:77-95. [PMID: 30677429 PMCID: PMC6402587 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of all brain regions, the 6-layered neocortex has undergone the most dramatic changes in size and complexity during mammalian brain evolution. These changes, occurring in the context of a conserved set of organizational features that emerge through stereotypical developmental processes, are considered responsible for the cognitive capacities and sensory specializations represented within the mammalian clade. The modern experimental era of developmental neurobiology, spanning 6 decades, has deciphered a number of mechanisms responsible for producing the diversity of cortical neuron types, their precise connectivity and the role of gene by environment interactions. Here, experiments providing insight into the development of cortical projection neuron differentiation and connectivity are reviewed. This current perspective integrates discussion of classic studies and new findings, based on recent technical advances, to highlight an improved understanding of the neuronal complexity and precise connectivity of cortical circuitry. These descriptive advances bring new opportunities for studies related to the developmental origins of cortical circuits that will, in turn, improve the prospects of identifying pathogenic targets of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Kast
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
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19
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Chistiakov DA, Chekhonin VP. Early-life adversity-induced long-term epigenetic programming associated with early onset of chronic physical aggression: Studies in humans and animals. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:258-277. [PMID: 28441915 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1322714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To examine whether chronic physical aggression (CPA) in adulthood can be epigenetically programmed early in life due to exposure to early-life adversity. Methods: Literature search of public databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus. Results: Children/adolescents susceptible for CPA and exposed to early-life abuse fail to efficiently cope with stress that in turn results in the development of CPA later in life. This phenomenon was observed in humans and animal models of aggression. The susceptibility to aggression is a complex trait that is regulated by the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms mediate this interaction. Subjects exposed to stress early in life exhibited long-term epigenetic programming that can influence their behaviour in adulthood. This programming affects expression of many genes not only in the brain but also in other systems such as neuroendocrine and immune. Conclusions: The propensity to adult CPA behaviour in subjects experienced to early-life adversity is mediated by epigenetic programming that involves long-term systemic epigenetic alterations in a whole genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- a Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- a Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology , Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology , Moscow , Russia.,b Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology , Pirogov Russian State Medical University (RSMU) , Moscow , Russia
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20
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Tsai SY, Bendriem RM, Lee CTD. The cellular basis of fetal endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in drug-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100145. [PMID: 30937351 PMCID: PMC6430408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal substance exposure is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although the opioid crisis remains one of the most prevalent addiction problems in our society, abuse of cocaine, methamphetamines, and other illicit drugs, particularly amongst pregnant women, are nonetheless significant and widespread. Evidence demonstrates prenatal drug exposure can affect fetal brain development and thus can have long-lasting impact on neurobehavioral and cognitive performance later in life. In this review, we highlight research examining the most prevalent drugs of abuse and their effects on brain development with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress signaling pathways. A thorough exploration of drug-induced cellular stress mechanisms during prenatal brain development may provide insight into therapeutic interventions to combat effects of prenatal drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y.A. Tsai
- Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, The National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raphael M. Bendriem
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chun-Ting D. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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21
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Ishizuka T, Ozawa A, Katsuura M, Nomura S, Satoh Y. Effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1198-1205. [PMID: 29920752 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs), which are expressed in various embryonic cells, may regulate neuronal differentiation. In the present study, we examined the effects of mAchR stimulation on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Mouse iPS cells were cultured on ultra-low attachment dishes to induce embryoid body (EB) formation. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 3 μmol/L) and/or pilocarpine (10 or 100 μmol/L), a mAchR agonist, were added to EB cultures for 4 days, following which the EBs were cultured on gelatin-coated plates for 7 days. Subtype-specific antibody staining revealed that mouse iPS cells predominantly express m2 - and m4 -AchR. Treatment with pilocarpine alone did not affect the expression of Nestin (a specific marker for neural progenitor cells). However, additional treatment with pilocarpine significantly suppressed ATRA-induced Nestin expression. Pretreating EBs with either AF-DX116 (an antagonist of both m2 - and m4 -AchR) or forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase) significantly reversed the pilocarpine-induced suppression of Nestin expression. In addition, treatment with pilocarpine significantly suppressed ATRA-induced phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB). These findings suggest that the stimulation of m2 - or m4 -AchR suppresses ATRA-induced differentiation of mouse iPS cells into NPCs by inhibiting the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway and CREB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mieko Katsuura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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22
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De Santis M, Huang XF, Deng C. Early antipsychotic treatment in juvenile rats elicits long-term alterations to the adult serotonin receptors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1569-1583. [PMID: 29950841 PMCID: PMC6011877 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s158545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drug (APD) prescription/use in children has increased significantly worldwide, despite limited insight into potential long-term effects of treatment on adult brain functioning. While initial long-term studies have uncovered alterations to behaviors following early APD treatment, further investigations into potential changes to receptor density levels of related neurotransmitter (NT) systems are required. METHODS The current investigation utilized an animal model for early APD treatment with aripiprazole, olanzapine, and risperidone in male and female juvenile rats to investigate potential long-term changes to the adult serotonin (5-HT) NT system. Levels of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptors were measured in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and hippocampus via Western Blot and receptor autoradiography. RESULTS In the male cohort, long-term changes to 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors were found mostly across hippocampal and cortical brain regions following early aripiprazole and olanzapine treatment, while early risperidone treatment changed 5-HT1A receptor levels in the NAc and PFC. Lesser effects were uncovered in the female cohort with aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone to alter 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in NAc and hippocampal brain regions, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that early treatment of various APDs in juvenile rats may cause gender and brain regional specific changes in 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Santis
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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23
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Rodrigues Junior WDS, Oliveira-Silva P, Faria-Melibeu ADC, Campello-Costa P, Serfaty CA. Serotonin transporter immunoreactivity is modulated during development and after fluoxetine treatment in the rodent visual system. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:38-44. [PMID: 28756191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) regulates serotonin homeostasis and has been used as a target for different drugs in depression treatment. Although the serotonergic system has received a lot of attention, little is known about the effects of these drugs over serotonin transporters. In this work, we investigated the expression pattern of 5-HTT during development of the visual system and the influence of fluoxetine on different signaling pathways. Our data showed that the expression of 5-HTT has a gradual increase from postnatal day 0 until 42 and decrease afterwards. Moreover, chronic fluoxetine treatment both in childhood and adolescence induces down regulation of 5-HTT expression and phosphorylation of ERK and AKT signaling pathways. Together these data suggest that the levels of 5-HTT protein could be important for the development of the central nervous system and suggest that the ERK and AKT are involved in the molecular pathways of antidepressants drugs, acting in concert to improve serotonergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandilson Dos Santos Rodrigues Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Oliveira-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana da Cunha Faria-Melibeu
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Campello-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudio Alberto Serfaty
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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24
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Dorce ALC, Martins ADN, Dorce VAC, Nencioni ALA. Perinatal effects of scorpion venoms: maternal and offspring development. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017. [PMID: 28630618 PMCID: PMC5471709 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a public health problem, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the high incidence of scorpionism in some areas, pregnant women and nursing mothers may be possible victims. Scorpion stings alter the release of neurotransmitters and some cytokines. These mediators act as organizers and programmers in the adequate formation of the nerves, and non-physiological concentrations of them during the brain organization originate disorders and diseases that can appear later in the life of the individual. Despite the importance of this subject, there are only a few studies showing the effects of scorpion venom on maternal reproductive development, in the morphology and physical and behavioral development of offspring. The present review article summarizes the major findings on this issue. Biochemical changes in the blood – such as hyperglycemia, increase on the level of sodium and on the creatinine concentration – are observed after scorpion sting in humans and experimental animals. Some studies in the literature demonstrate that the scorpion venom affects the maternal reproductive development in humans and in experimental animals, increasing the frequency and amplitude of uterine contraction and the number of resorptions. The venom can also lead to some alterations in the embryonic or fetal development increasing the total weight of fetuses and of some organs. Moreover, it affects the general activity and locomotion during childhood and adulthood, and the anxiety level in adult females and males. It also alters the number of hippocampal neurons and interferes in the level of some cytokines. Altogether, it is evident that the venom, when administered during the pregnancy or lactation, affects the development of the offspring. Studies are being conducted to determine the actual participation of the venom in the development of the offspring, and to what extent they are detrimental to animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Leticia Coronado Dorce
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil
| | - Adriana do Nascimento Martins
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil.,Graduate Program in Sciences - Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil
| | | | - Ana Leonor Abrahão Nencioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil
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25
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Amodeo LR, Jacobs-Brichford E, McMurray MS, Roitman JD. Acute and long-term effects of adolescent methylphenidate on decision-making and dopamine receptor mRNA expression in the orbitofrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2017; 324:100-108. [PMID: 28212944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Though commonly used as a treatment for ADHD, the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) is also misused and abused in adolescence in both clinical and general populations. Although MPH acts via pathways activated by other drugs of abuse, the short- and long-term effects of MPH on reward processing in learning and decision-making are not clearly understood. We examined the effect of adolescent MPH treatment on a battery of reward-directed behaviors both in adolescence during its administration and in adulthood after its discontinuation. We further measured whether MPH had lasting effects on dopamine receptor mRNA expression in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that may correspond with behavior. Long-Evans rats were injected with MPH (0, 1, 2.5, or 5mg/kg IP) twice daily from middle to late adolescence (PD38-57). During adolescence, the high dose of MPH reduced preference for large rewards in a Reward Magnitude Discrimination task, but did not affect preference for smaller-sooner rewards in a Delay Discounting task. In adulthood, after discontinuation of MPH, animals previously treated with the moderate dose of MPH showed improved acquisition, but not reversal, in a Reversal Learning task. MPH exposure did not increase preference for large-risky rewards in a Risk task in adulthood. We then quantified mRNA expression of D1, D2, and D3 receptors in the OFC using qPCR. MPH increased mRNA expression of dopamine D3 receptor subtype, but not D1 or D2. Overall, these results indicate that MPH has both immediate and lasting effects on reward-dependent learning and decisions, as well as dopaminergic function in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie R Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eliza Jacobs-Brichford
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Matthew S McMurray
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 N Patterson Ave, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Jamie D Roitman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago,1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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26
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Guan F, Lin H, Chen G, Li L, Chen T, Liu X, Han J, Li T. Evaluation of association of common variants in HTR1A and HTR5A with schizophrenia and executive function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38048. [PMID: 27897266 PMCID: PMC5126681 DOI: 10.1038/srep38048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT1A receptor (HTR1A) and the 5-HT5A receptor (HTR5A) are key 5-HT receptors with distinct inhibitory functions. Studies have been conducted to investigate the association of a few HTR1A polymorphisms with schizophrenia, producing conflicting results, and the relationship between HTR5A and schizophrenia has not yet been well investigated. We aimed to examine the association of HTR1A and HTR5A with schizophrenia and executive function. The study included a discovery stage with 1,115 patients and 2,289 controls and a replication stage with 2,128 patients and 3,865 controls. A total of 30 common SNPs in HTR1A and HTR5A were genotyped in the discovery stage, and significantly associated SNPs were genotyped in the replication stage. We identified that two SNPs (rs878567 in HTR1A and rs1800883 in HTR5A) were significantly associated with schizophrenia in both datasets, and similar results were observed in imputation and haplotype association analyses. Moreover, we found that SNP rs1800883 significantly interacted with executive function when processing the perseverative error of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in patients. Our results provide further supportive evidence of the effect of HTR1A and HTR5A on the etiology of schizophrenia and suggest that the selected genetic variations in HTR5A may be involved in impaired executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huali Lin
- Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Li
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiuqiang Han
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of National Ministry of Health for Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine &Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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27
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De Santis M, Lian J, Huang XF, Deng C. Early Antipsychotic Treatment in Juvenile Rats Elicits Long-Term Alterations to the Dopamine Neurotransmitter System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1944. [PMID: 27879654 PMCID: PMC5133938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) to children has substantially increased in recent years. Whilst current investigations into potential long-term effects have uncovered some alterations to adult behaviours, further investigations into potential changes to neurotransmitter systems are required. The current study investigated potential long-term changes to the adult dopamine (DA) system following aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone treatment in female and male juvenile rats. Levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated-TH (p-TH), dopamine active transporter (DAT), and D₁ and D₂ receptors were measured via Western blot and/or receptor autoradiography. Aripiprazole decreased TH and D₁ receptor levels in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and p-TH levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of females, whilst TH levels decreased in the PFC of males. Olanzapine decreased PFC p-TH levels and increased D₂ receptor expression in the PFC and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in females only. Additionally, risperidone treatment increased D₁ receptor levels in the hippocampus of females, whilst, in males, p-TH levels increased in the PFC and hippocampus, D₁ receptor expression decreased in the NAc, and DAT levels decreased in the caudate putamen (CPu), and elevated in the VTA. These results suggest that early treatment with various APDs can cause different long-term alterations in the adult brain, across both treatment groups and genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Santis
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Jiamei Lian
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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28
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Lee WT, Lin JH, Weng WC, Peng SSF. Microstructural changes of brain in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1532-1540. [PMID: 27859928 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an uncommon inherited neurometabolic disease. The clinical presentations and MR findings in children with AADC deficiency were investigated. Total 12 children (6 boys, 6 girls), aged from 9 to 50 months (mean, 23 ±13 months), with AADC deficiency, were enrolled for analysis. Of 12 patients enrolled, clinical presentations included global developmental delay with generalized hypotonia in 12 (100%), dystonia in 12 (100%), oculogyric crisis in 12 (100%), and excessive sweating in 8 (67%). Sleep problem was also found in 4 (33%). Of 15 MR examinations, the major changes included 6 (40%) with diffusely prominent bilateral frontal sulci, 10 (67%) with prominent frontal horns, and 12 (80%) with hypomyelination. In AADC patients, the frontal horn was significantly widened (P < 0.01), and the volume of caudate nucleus was also significantly smaller than that of controls (P = 0.02). The ratios of thickness of the splenium to that of the genu of corpus callosum were also significantly increased (P < 0.01). There was also significant decrease of fiber density indices in major white matter fiber tracts. Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics approach, we also revealed significant change in major fiber tracts related to language function and motor function. In conclusion, the present study indicated that AADC deficiency may have significant impact on brain development, especially the frontal lobe and fiber tracts related to language function and motor function. Long-term follow-up of brain MRI in patients with AADC deficiency may clarify the possible effect of AADC deficiency on brain development. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1532-1540, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicines, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine in the College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Clinical Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicines, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven Shinn-Forng Peng
- Clinical Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicines, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Faa G, Manchia M, Pintus R, Gerosa C, Marcialis MA, Fanos V. Fetal programming of neuropsychiatric disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 108:207-223. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavino Faa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio; Cagliari Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine; University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalhousie University; Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Division of Pathology, Department of Surgery; University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio; Cagliari Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Marcialis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section; AOU Cagliari and University of Cagliari; Cagliari Italy
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30
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Risk of prenatal depression and stress treatment: alteration on serotonin system of offspring through exposure to Fluoxetine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33822. [PMID: 27703173 PMCID: PMC5050550 DOI: 10.1038/srep33822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is widely used to treat depression, including depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Studies suggest that fluoxetine may have adverse effects on offspring, presumably through its action on various serotonin receptors (HTRs). However, definitive evidence and the underlying mechanisms are largely unavailable. As initial steps towards establishing a human cellular and animal model, we analyzed the expression patterns of several HTRs through the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells into neuronal cells, and analyzed expression pattern in zebrafish embryos. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with fluoxetine significantly blocked the expression of multiple HTRs. Furthermore, fluoxetine gave rise to a change in neuropsychology. Embryos treated with fluoxetine continued to exhibit abnormal behavior upto 12 days post fertilization due to changes in HTRs. These findings support a possible long-term risk of serotonin pathway alteration, possibly resulting from the "placental drug transfer".
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31
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Zheng X, Chen T, Zhao A, Wang X, Xie G, Huang F, Liu J, Zhao Q, Wang S, Wang C, Zhou M, Panee J, He Z, Jia W. The Brain Metabolome of Male Rats across the Lifespan. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24125. [PMID: 27063670 PMCID: PMC4827083 DOI: 10.1038/srep24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive and accurate characterization of brain metabolome is fundamental to brain science, but has been hindered by technical limitations. We profiled the brain metabolome in male Wistar rats at different ages (day 1 to week 111) using high-sensitivity and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Totally 380 metabolites were identified and 232 of them were quantitated. Compared with anatomical regions, age had a greater effect on variations in the brain metabolome. Lipids, fatty acids and amino acids accounted for the largest proportions of the brain metabolome, and their concentrations varied across the lifespan. The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in infancy (week 1 to week 3) compared with later ages, and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids increased in the aged brain (week 56 to week 111). Importantly, a panel of 20 bile acids were quantitatively measured, most of which have not previously been documented in the brain metabolome. This study extends the breadth of the mammalian brain metabolome as well as our knowledge of functional brain development, both of which are critically important to move the brain science forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu 96813, USA
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chongchong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, E-Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Panee
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu 96813, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu 96813, USA.,Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, E-Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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De Santis M, Lian J, Huang XF, Deng C. Early antipsychotic treatment in childhood/adolescent period has long-term effects on depressive-like, anxiety-like and locomotor behaviours in adult rats. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:204-14. [PMID: 26577063 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115616383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood/adolescent antipsychotic drug (APD) use is exponentially increasing worldwide, despite limited knowledge of the long-term effects of early APD treatment. Whilst investigations have found that early treatment has resulted in some alterations to dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission systems (essential to APD efficacy), there have only been limited studies into potential long-term behavioural changes. This study, using an animal model for childhood/adolescent APD treatment, investigated the long-term effects of aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone on adult behaviours of male and female rats. Open-field/holeboard, elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction and forced swim (FS) tests were then conducted in adult rats. Our results indicated that in the male cohort, early risperidone and olanzapine treatment elicited long-term hyper-locomotor effects (open-field/holeboard and FS tests), whilst a decrease in depressive-like behaviour (in FS test) was observed in response to olanzapine treatment. Furthermore, anxiolytic-like behaviours were found following testing in the open-field/holeboard and EPM in response to all three drug treatments. Effects in the female cohort, however, were to a far lesser extent, with behavioural attributes indicative of an increased depressive-like behaviour and hypo-locomotor activity exhibited in the FS test following early risperidone and olanzapine treatment. These results suggest that various APDs have different long-term effects on the behaviours of adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Santis
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiamei Lian
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Kohyama J. Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6010005. [PMID: 26840337 PMCID: PMC4810175 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping out of school, quitting employment, and committing suicide. In this review, we discuss findings from several large cohort studies together with recent results of a cohort study using the marshmallow test, which was first introduced in the 1960s. This test assessed the ability of four-year-olds to delay gratification and showed how this ability correlated with success later in life. The role of the serotonergic system in sleep and how this role changes with age are also discussed. The serotonergic system is involved in reward processing and interactions with the dorsal striatum, ventral striatum, and the prefrontal cortex are thought to comprise the neural basis for behavioral patterns that are affected by the quantity, quality, and timing of sleep early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kohyama
- Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, 3-4-32 Todaijima, Urayasu 279-0001, Japan.
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Tomassoni D, Traini E, Mancini M, Bramanti V, Mahdi SS, Amenta F. Dopamine, vesicular transporters, and dopamine receptor expression in rat major salivary glands. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R585-93. [PMID: 26136535 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00455.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The localization of dopamine stores and the expression and localization of dopamine (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) type-1 and -2 and of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor subtypes were investigated in rat submandibular, sublingual, and parotid salivary glands by HPLC with electrochemical detection, as well as immunochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Male Wistar rats of 2 mo of age were used. The highest dopamine levels were measured in the parotid gland, followed by the submandibular and sublingual glands. Western blot analysis revealed DAT, VMAT-1, VMAT-2, and dopamine receptors immunoreactivity in membrane preparations obtained from the three glands investigated. Immunostaining for dopamine and transporters was developed within striated ducts. Salivary glands processed for dopamine receptors immunohistochemistry developed an immunoreaction primarily in striated and excretory ducts. In the submandibular gland, acinar cells displayed strong immunoreactivity for the D2 receptor, while cells of the convoluted granular tubules were negative for both D1-like and D2-like receptors. Parotid glands acinar cells displayed the highest immunoreactivity for both D1 and D2 receptors compared with other salivary glands. The above localization of dopamine and dopaminergic markers investigated did not correspond closely with neuron-specific enolase (NSE) localization. This indicates that at least in part, catecholamine stores and dopaminergic markers are independent from glandular innervation. These findings suggest that rat major salivary glands express a dopaminergic system probably involved in salivary secretion. The stronger immunoreactivity for dopamine transporters and receptors in striated duct cells suggests that the dopaminergic system could regulate not only quality, but also volume and ionic concentration of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tomassoni
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Camerino Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Camerino Italy; and Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione Biochimica Medica, Università di Catania, Catania Italy
| | - Manuele Mancini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Camerino Italy; and
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche, Sezione Biochimica Medica, Università di Catania, Catania Italy
| | - Syed Sarosh Mahdi
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Camerino Italy; and
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino, Camerino Italy; and
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del Pino J, Moyano-Cires PV, Anadon MJ, Díaz MJ, Lobo M, Capo MA, Frejo MT. Molecular Mechanisms of Amitraz Mammalian Toxicity: A Comprehensive Review of Existing Data. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1073-94. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500534x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier del Pino
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Viviana Moyano-Cires
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Anadon
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Díaz
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Lobo
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Andrés Capo
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Frejo
- Departament of Toxicology
and Pharmacology, Veterinary School, and ‡Department of
Toxicology and Legal Medicine, Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zubova YO, Bondarenko NS, Sapronova AY, Ugrumov MV. The secretion of noradrenaline from the brain into the peripheral blood during rat ontogenesis. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Brain serotonin signaling does not determine sexual preference in male mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118603. [PMID: 25706994 PMCID: PMC4338231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported recently that male mice lacking brain serotonin (5-HT) lose their preference for females (Liu et al., 2011, Nature, 472, 95–100), suggesting a role for 5-HT signaling in sexual preference. Regulation of sex preference by 5-HT lies outside of the well established roles in this behavior established for the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and the main olfactory epithelium (MOE). Presently, mice with a null mutation in the gene for tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), which are depleted of brain 5-HT, were tested for sexual preference. When presented with inanimate (urine scents from male or estrous female) or animate (male or female mouse in estrus) sexual stimuli, TPH2-/- males show a clear preference for female over male stimuli. When a TPH2-/- male is offered the simultaneous choice between an estrous female and a male mouse, no sexual preference is expressed. However, when confounding behaviors that are seen among 3 mice in the same cage are controlled, TPH2-/- mice, like their TPH2+/+ counterparts, express a clear preference for female mice. Female TPH2-/- mice are preferred by males over TPH2+/+ females but this does not lead to increased pregnancy success. In fact, if one or both partners in a mating pair are TPH2-/- in genotype, pregnancy success rates are significantly decreased. Finally, expression of the VNO-specific cation channel TRPC2 and of CNGA2 in the MOE of TPH2-/- mice is normal, consistent with behavioral findings that sexual preference of TPH2-/- males for females is intact. In conclusion, 5-HT signaling in brain does not determine sexual preference in male mice. The use of pharmacological agents that are non-selective for the 5-HT neuronal system and that have serious adverse effects may have contributed historically to the stance that 5-HT regulates sexual behavior, including sex partner preference.
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Xu S, Gullapalli RP, Frost DO. Olanzapine antipsychotic treatment of adolescent rats causes long term changes in glutamate and GABA levels in the nucleus accumbens. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:452-7. [PMID: 25487700 PMCID: PMC4308953 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) are widely used in children and adolescents to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the long-term effects of AAPD treatment before the brain is fully developed. Indeed, we and others have previously reported that treatment of adolescent rats with olanzapine (OLA; a widely prescribed AAPD) on postnatal days 28-49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans, causes long-term behavioral and neurobiological perturbations. We have begun to study the mechanisms of these effects. Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) regulate many neurodevelopmental processes. Currently approved AAPDs exert their therapeutic effects principally through their DAergic activities, although in schizophrenia (SZ) and some other diseases for which AAPDs are prescribed, DAergic dysfunction is accompanied by abnormalities of glutamatergic (GLUergic) and γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) transmission. Here, we use proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to investigate the effects of adolescent OLA administration on GABA and GLU levels. We found that the treatment caused long-term reductions in the levels of both GLU and GABA in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of adult rats treated with OLA during adolescence. The NAc is a key node in the brain's "reward" system, whose function is also disrupted in schizophrenia. Further research into potential, OLA-induced changes in the levels of GLU and GABA in the NAc and other brain areas, and the dynamics and mechanisms of those changes, are an essential step for devising new adjunct therapies for existing AAPDs and for designing new drugs that increase therapeutic effects and reduce long-term abnormalities when administered to pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Xu
- Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Dept. of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Douglas O Frost
- Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Lepelletier FX, Tauber C, Nicolas C, Solinas M, Castelnau P, Belzung C, Emond P, Cortese S, Faraone SV, Chalon S, Galineau L. Prenatal exposure to methylphenidate affects the dopamine system and the reactivity to natural reward in adulthood in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu044. [PMID: 25522388 PMCID: PMC4360227 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a commonly-used medication for the treatment of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). However, its prescription to adults with ADHD and narcolepsy raises the question of how the brain is impacted by MPH exposure during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to elucidate the long-term neurobiological consequences of prenatal exposure to MPH using a rat model. METHODS We focused on the effects of such treatment on the adult dopamine (DA) system and on the reactivity of animals to natural rewards. RESULTS This study shows that adult male rats prenatally exposed to MPH display elevated expression of presynaptic DA markers in the DA cell bodies and the striatum. Our results also suggest that MPH-treated animals could exhibit increased tonic DA activity in the mesolimbic pathway, altered signal-to-noise ratio after a pharmacological stimulation, and decreased reactivity to the locomotor effects of cocaine. Finally, we demonstrated that MPH rats display a decreased preference and motivation for sucrose. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical study reporting long-lasting neurobiological alterations of DA networks as well as alterations in motivational behaviors for natural rewards after a prenatal exposure to MPH. These results raise concerns about the possible neurobiological consequences of MPH treatment during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Clovis Tauber
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Céline Nicolas
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Marcello Solinas
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Catherine Belzung
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Patrick Emond
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Laurent Galineau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone).
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Maternal use of antidepressant or anxiolytic medication during pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:973-92. [PMID: 24863148 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant and anxiolytic medications are widely prescribed and used by pregnant women for acute and maintenance therapy. These drugs are able to pass the placental barrier, and may potentially influence fetal and brain development. It is possible that exposure to prenatal antidepressants or anxiolytic medication may disturb neurotransmitter systems in the brain and have long-lasting consequences on neurodevelopment in the offspring. As all medication during pregnancy may pose a certain risk to the developing fetus, the potential benefits of the medication must be weighed against the risks for both mother and her unborn child. Therefore, information to guide patients and physicians to make a well-balanced decision for the appropriate treatment during pregnancy is needed. In this systematic review, an overview of maternal use of antidepressant or anxiolytic medication during pregnancy and childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes is provided. Some studies indicate a relation between prenatal exposure to antidepressants and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes such as delayed motor development/motor control, social difficulties, internalizing problems and autism, but cannot rule out confounding by indication. Overall, the results of the observational studies have been inconsistent, which makes translation of the findings into clinical recommendations difficult. More well-designed observational studies and also randomized controlled trials (e.g., maintenance treatment vs. cessation) are needed to move forward and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the risks and benefits of antidepressant and anxiolytic use during pregnancy.
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Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) has a classic presentation of childhood or adolescent-onset dystonia, mild parkinsonism, marked diurnal fluctuations, improvement with sleep or rest, and a dramatic and sustained response to low doses of L-dopa without motor fluctuations or dyskinesias. However, there have been many papers on patients with a wide range of features, which report them as DRD mainly because they had dystonic syndromes with L-dopa responsiveness. Many mutations in the dopaminergic system have been found as molecular genetic defects. Therefore, the clinical and genetic spectra of DRD are unclear, which lead to difficulties in diagnostic work-ups and planning treatments. We propose the concept of DRD and DRD-plus to clarify the confusion in this area and to help understand the pathophysiology and clinical features, which will help in guiding diagnostic investigations and planning treatments. We critically reviewed the literature on atypical cases and discussed the limitations of the gene study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong-Woo Lee
- Movement Disorder Center, CRI, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Jeon
- Movement Disorder Center, CRI, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Di Giorgio A, Smith RM, Fazio L, D'Ambrosio E, Gelao B, Tomasicchio A, Selvaggi P, Taurisano P, Quarto T, Masellis R, Rampino A, Caforio G, Popolizio T, Blasi G, Sadee W, Bertolino A. DRD2/CHRNA5 interaction on prefrontal biology and physiology during working memory. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95997. [PMID: 24819610 PMCID: PMC4018353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prefrontal behavior and activity in humans are heritable. Studies in animals demonstrate an interaction between dopamine D2 receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on prefrontal behavior but evidence in humans is weak. Therefore, we hypothesize that genetic variation regulating dopamine D2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling impact prefrontal cortex activity and related cognition. To test this hypothesis in humans, we explored the interaction between functional genetic variants in the D2 receptor gene (DRD2, rs1076560) and in the nicotinic receptor α5 gene (CHRNA5, rs16969968) on both dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediated behavior and physiology during working memory and on prefrontal gray matter volume. METHODS A large sample of healthy subjects was compared for genotypic differences for DRD2 rs1076560 (G>T) and CHNRA5 rs16969968 (G>A) on prefrontal phenotypes, including cognitive performance at the N-Back task, prefrontal physiology with BOLD fMRI during performance of the 2-Back working memory task, and prefrontal morphometry with structural MRI. RESULTS We found that DRD2 rs1076560 and CHNRA5 rs16969968 interact to modulate cognitive function, prefrontal physiology during working memory, and prefrontal gray matter volume. More specifically, CHRNA5-AA/DRD2-GT subjects had greater behavioral performance, more efficient prefrontal cortex activity at 2Back working memory task, and greater prefrontal gray matter volume than the other genotype groups. CONCLUSIONS The present data extend previous studies in animals and enhance our understanding of dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the human prefrontal cortex, demonstrating interactions elicited by working memory that are modulated by genetic variants in DRD2 and CHRNA5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan M. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Ambrosio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Gelao
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Aldo Tomasicchio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Taurisano
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Quarto
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rita Masellis
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Caforio
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- IRCCSS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacogenomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- IRCCSS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Group of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
- pRED, NORD DTA, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Warren PM, Alilain WJ. The challenges of respiratory motor system recovery following cervical spinal cord injury. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 212:173-220. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63488-7.00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Li K, Zhu D, Guo L, Li Z, Lynch ME, Coles C, Hu X, Liu T. Connectomics signatures of prenatal cocaine exposure affected adolescent brains. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34:2494-510. [PMID: 22461404 PMCID: PMC3954601 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vivo neuroimaging studies revealed that several brain networks are altered in prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) affected adolescent brains. However, due to a lack of dense and corresponding cortical landmarks across individuals, the systematical alterations of functional connectivities in large-scale brain networks and the alteration of structural brain architecture in PCE affected brain are largely unknown. In this article, we adopted a newly developed data-driven strategy to build a large set of cortical landmarks that are consistent and corresponding across PCE adolescents and their matched controls. Based on these landmarks, we constructed large-scale functional connectomes and applied the well-established approaches of deriving genomics signatures in genome-wide gene expression studies to discover functional connectomics signatures for the characterization of PCE adolescent brains. Results derived from experimental data demonstrated that 10 structurally disrupted landmarks were identified in PCE, and more importantly, the discovered informative functional connectomics signatures among consistent landmarks distinctively differentiate PCE brains from their matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Li
- Department of Automatic ControlSchool of AutomationNorthwestern Polytechnic UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Dajiang Zhu
- Department of Automatic ControlSchool of AutomationNorthwestern Polytechnic UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Automatic ControlSchool of AutomationNorthwestern Polytechnic UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhihao Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Mary Ellen Lynch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Claire Coles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
| | - Tianming Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research CenterThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
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45
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Oostland M, van Hooft J. The role of serotonin in cerebellar development. Neuroscience 2013; 248:201-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Olanzapine treatment of adolescent rats alters adult reward behaviour and nucleus accumbens function. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:1599-609. [PMID: 23351612 PMCID: PMC5819604 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are increasingly used in children and adolescents to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the long-term effects of early life antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment. Most APDs are potent antagonists or partial agonists of dopamine (DA) D₂ receptors; atypical APDs also have multiple serotonergic activities. DA and serotonin regulate many neurodevelopmental processes. Thus, early life APD treatment can, potentially, perturb these processes, causing long-term behavioural and neurobiological sequelae. We treated adolescent, male rats with olanzapine (Ola) on post-natal days 28-49, under dosing conditions that approximate those employed therapeutically in humans. As adults, they exhibited enhanced conditioned place preference for amphetamine, as compared to vehicle-treated rats. In the nucleus accumbens core, DA D₁ receptor binding was reduced, D₂ binding was increased and DA release evoked by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area was reduced. Thus, adolescent Ola treatment enduringly alters a key behavioural response to rewarding stimuli and modifies DAergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. The persistence of these changes suggests that even limited periods of early life Ola treatment may induce enduring changes in other reward-related behaviours and in behavioural and neurobiological responses to therapeutic and illicit psychotropic drugs. These results underscore the importance of improved understanding of the enduring sequelae of paediatric APD treatment as a basis for weighing the benefits and risks of adolescent APD therapy, especially prophylactic treatment in high-risk, asymptomatic patients.
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Vitalis T, Ansorge MS, Dayer AG. Serotonin homeostasis and serotonin receptors as actors of cortical construction: special attention to the 5-HT3A and 5-HT6 receptor subtypes. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:93. [PMID: 23801939 PMCID: PMC3686152 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical circuits control higher-order cognitive processes and their function is highly dependent on their structure that emerges during development. The construction of cortical circuits involves the coordinated interplay between different types of cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural and glial cell subtypes. Among the multiple factors that regulate the assembly of cortical circuits, 5-HT is an important developmental signal that impacts on a broad diversity of cellular processes. 5-HT is detected at the onset of embryonic telencephalic formation and a variety of serotonergic receptors are dynamically expressed in the embryonic developing cortex in a region and cell-type specific manner. Among these receptors, the ionotropic 5-HT3A receptor and the metabotropic 5-HT6 receptor have recently been identified as novel serotonergic targets regulating different aspects of cortical construction including neuronal migration and dendritic differentiation. In this review, we focus on the developmental impact of serotonergic systems on the construction of cortical circuits and discuss their potential role in programming risk for human psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vitalis
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, ESPCI ParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 7637 Paris, France
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48
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Miceli S, Negwer M, van Eijs F, Kalkhoven C, van Lierop I, Homberg J, Schubert D. High serotonin levels during brain development alter the structural input-output connectivity of neural networks in the rat somatosensory layer IV. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:88. [PMID: 23761736 PMCID: PMC3675331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of serotonin (5-HT) concentration is critical for “normal” topographical organization and development of thalamocortical (TC) afferent circuits. Down-regulation of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and the consequent impaired reuptake of 5-HT at the synapse, results in a reduced terminal branching of developing TC afferents within the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Despite the presence of multiple genetic models, the effect of high extracellular 5-HT levels on the structure and function of developing intracortical neural networks is far from being understood. Here, using juvenile SERT knockout (SERT−/−) rats we investigated, in vitro, the effect of increased 5-HT levels on the structural organization of (i) the TC projections of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus toward S1, (ii) the general barrel-field pattern, and (iii) the electrophysiological and morphological properties of the excitatory cell population in layer IV of S1 [spiny stellate (SpSt) and pyramidal cells]. Our results confirmed previous findings that high levels of 5-HT during development lead to a reduction of the topographical precision of TCA projections toward the barrel cortex. Also, the barrel pattern was altered but not abolished in SERT−/− rats. In layer IV, both excitatory SpSt and pyramidal cells showed a significantly reduced intracolumnar organization of their axonal projections. In addition, the layer IV SpSt cells gave rise to a prominent projection toward the infragranular layer Vb. Our findings point to a structural and functional reorganization of TCAs, as well as early stage intracortical microcircuitry, following the disruption of 5-HT reuptake during critical developmental periods. The increased projection pattern of the layer IV neurons suggests that the intracortical network changes are not limited to the main entry layer IV but may also affect the subsequent stages of the canonical circuits of the barrel cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Miceli
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Kegel CAT, Bus AG. Links between DRD4, executive attention, and alphabetic skills in a nonclinical sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013; 54:305-12. [PMID: 22897338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) has been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading disorders. In this study, we examined whether diminished anticipatory dopamine cell firing - typical of the long variant of the DRD4 allele - is related to emergent and advanced alphabetic skills, and whether executive attention is a mediator between this allele and alphabetic skills. METHOD We tested alphabetic skills in a normative sample of 159 children in both kindergarten and Grade 1, and executive attention 1 year earlier. Cheek cells were collected and genomic DNA was isolated from the samples using the Chemagic buccal swab kit on a chemagen Module I workstation. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent of the children were carriers of at least one DRD4 7-repeat allele. Carriers of the long variant scored lower on alphabetic skills, and executive attention appeared to be a mediator of the relation between characteristics of DRD4 and alphabetic skills in kindergarten and first grade. CONCLUSION This study shows how a genetic factor which has been shown to relate to variation in attention and regulatory behavior can explain delays in alphabetic skills. A practical implication is that in many cases early interventions should not only target reading skills, but also support children's engagement in tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A T Kegel
- Centre for Learning Problems and Impairments, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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50
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Abstract
Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician's role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine.
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