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Qin F, Zhao N, Yin G, Wang T, Jv X, Han S, An L. Rapid Response of Daphnia magna Motor Behavior to Mercury Chloride Toxicity Based on Target Tracking. TOXICS 2024; 12:621. [PMID: 39330549 PMCID: PMC11435506 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
A rapid and timely response to the impacts of mercury chloride, which is indispensable to the chemical industry, on aquatic organisms is of great significance. Here, we investigated whether the YOLOX (improvements to the YOLO series, forming a new high-performance detector) observation system can be used for the rapid detection of the response of Daphnia magna targets to mercury chloride stress. Thus, we used this system for the real-time tracking and observation of the multidimensional motional behavior of D. magna. The results obtained showed that the average velocity (v¯), average acceleration (a¯), and cumulative travel (L) values of D. magna exposed to mercury chloride stress changed significantly under different exposure times and concentrations. Further, we observed that v¯, a¯ and L values of D. magna could be used as indexes of toxicity response. Analysis also showed evident D. magna inhibition at exposure concentrations of 0.08 and 0.02 mg/L after exposure for 10 and 25 min, respectively. However, under 0.06 and 0.04 mg/L toxic stress, v¯ and L showed faster toxic response than a¯, and overall, v¯ was identified as the most sensitive index for the rapid detection of D. magna response to toxicity stress. Therefore, we provide a strategy for tracking the motile behavior of D. magna in response to toxic stress and lay the foundations for the comprehensive screening of toxicity in water based on motile behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Qin
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (F.Q.); (X.J.); (L.A.)
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environmental, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (F.Q.); (X.J.); (L.A.)
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environmental, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environmental, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Xinyue Jv
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (F.Q.); (X.J.); (L.A.)
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Shoulu Han
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Lisha An
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (F.Q.); (X.J.); (L.A.)
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (T.W.); (S.H.)
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Jeong H, Park S, Choi B, Yu CS, Hong JY, Jeong TY, Cho KH. Machine learning-based water quality prediction using octennial in-situ Daphnia magna biological early warning system data. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133196. [PMID: 38141299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Biological early warning system (BEWS) has been globally used for surface water quality monitoring. Despite its extensive use, BEWS has exhibited limitations, including difficulties in biological interpretation and low alarm reproducibility. This study addressed these issues by applying machine learning (ML) models to eight years of in-situ BEWS data for Daphnia magna. Six ML models were adopted to predict contamination alarms from Daphnia behavioral parameters. The light gradient boosting machine model demonstrated the most significant improvement in predicting alarms from Daphnia behaviors. Compared with the traditional BEWS alarm index, the ML model enhanced the precision and recall by 29.50% and 43.41%, respectively. The speed distribution index and swimming speed were significant parameters for predicting water quality warnings. The nonlinear relationships between the monitored Daphnia behaviors and water physicochemical water quality parameters (i.e., flow rate, Chlorophyll-a concentration, water temperature, and conductivity) were identified by ML models for simulating Daphnia behavior based on the water contaminants. These findings suggest that ML models have the potential to establish a robust framework for advancing the predictive capabilities of BEWS, providing a promising avenue for real-time and accurate assessment of water quality. Thereby, it can contribute to more proactive and effective water quality management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Jeong
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Park
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongwook Choi
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Oedae-ro 81, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Seok Yu
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Hong
- The National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Oedae-ro 81, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Pineda-Alarcón L, Zuluaga M, Ruíz S, Mc Cann DF, Vélez F, Aguirre N, Puerta Y, Cañón J. Automated software for counting and measuring Hyalella genus using artificial intelligence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123603-123615. [PMID: 37991613 PMCID: PMC10746779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Amphipods belonging to the Hyalella genus are macroinvertebrates that inhabit aquatic environments. They are of particular interest in areas such as limnology and ecotoxicology, where data on the number of Hyalella individuals and their allometric measurements are used to assess the environmental dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we introduce HyACS, a software tool that uses a model developed with the YOLOv3's architecture to detect individuals, and digital image processing techniques to extract morphological metrics of the Hyalella genus. The software detects body metrics of length, arc length, maximum width, eccentricity, perimeter, and area of Hyalella individuals, using basic imaging capture equipment. The performance metrics indicate that the model developed can achieve high prediction levels, with an accuracy above 90% for the correct identification of individuals. It can perform up to four times faster than traditional visual counting methods and provide precise morphological measurements of Hyalella individuals, which may improve further studies of the species populations and enhance their use as bioindicators of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludy Pineda-Alarcón
- Environmental Management and Modeling Group (GAIA), Environmental School, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Maycol Zuluaga
- Power Electronics, Automation, and Robotics Group (GEPAR), Engineer Electronic, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Santiago Ruíz
- Power Electronics, Automation, and Robotics Group (GEPAR), Engineer Electronic, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Fernandez Mc Cann
- Power Electronics, Automation, and Robotics Group (GEPAR), Engineer Electronic, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fabio Vélez
- Limnology and Environmental Modeling Group (GEOLIMNA), Environmental School, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nestor Aguirre
- Limnology and Environmental Modeling Group (GEOLIMNA), Environmental School, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yarin Puerta
- Limnology and Environmental Modeling Group (GEOLIMNA), Environmental School, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio Cañón
- Environmental Management and Modeling Group (GAIA), Environmental School, Engineer Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Liu J, Feng Q, Yang H, Fan X, Jiang Y, Wu T. Acute toxicity of tire wear particles and leachate to Daphnia magna. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 272:109713. [PMID: 37544637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) are a new pollutant widely present in the environment, and have been identified as microplastics (MPs), which are receiving increasing attention due to their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. In this study, D. magna was used as test organism, and the leachate from TWP was prepared by hot water extraction for 30 (30-E) and 120 min (120-E). The acute toxic effects of particles and leachate on D. magna were studied under different exposure concentrations. The results showed that zinc and pyrene were the highest detected contaminants in the leachate. The 48 h-LC50 values for particles and leachate were determined to be 56.99, 461.30 (30-E), and 153.00 mg/L (120-E), respectively. Following a 48 h exposure period, the immobilization of D. magna exposed to the particles and their leachate were increased with the concentration increase. The physical damage of the gut was found to be a possible mechanism for particle-induced biotoxicity. The compounds leached from TWP were responsible for the acute toxicity of leachate. Particles usually demonstrated a greater degree of toxicity in comparison to their leachate, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations. Exposure to particles and leachate resulted in the inhibition of swimming speed, swimming acceleration, filtration rate, and ingestion rate in D. magna. Furthermore, thoracic limb activity was observed to be inhibited. The heart rate of D. magna was significantly increased by the presence of particles at a concentration of 200 mg/L and leachate at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/L (120-E). The observed alterations in behavior and physiological endpoints may be related to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the organism. Reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities indicated that D. magna may suffer from excessive oxidative stress, whereas the increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity may serve as a biomarker of susceptibility to evaluate the environmental risks of TWP and corresponding leachates as potential aquatic pollutants.. Therefore, a more comprehensive risk assessment of TWP in the environment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liu
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China; College of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221111, China
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Haohan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Xiulei Fan
- College of Environmental Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221111, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Xuzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
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Song J, Na J, An D, Jung J. Role of benzophenone-3 additive in chronic toxicity of polyethylene microplastic fragments to Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149638. [PMID: 34426313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic additives may accelerate adverse effects of microplastics (MPs). This study aimed to identify the role of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) additive (10.82 ± 1.20% w/w) in chronic toxicity of polyethylene MP fragments to Daphnia magna (D. magna). MP fragments with and without BP-3 (48.37 ± 6.26 and 44.39 ± 11.16 μm, respectively) were synthesized and 4 d-old D. magna were exposed for 17 d. Daphnids exposed to MP/BP-3 fragments (98%) showed higher survival than those exposed to MP fragments (62%), which can be explained by a significantly low (p < 0.0001) bioconcentration of MP/BP-3 fragments. BP-3 leachate induced significantly low (p < 0.05) phototactic behavior of D. magna, likely leading to the low bioconcentration of MP/BP-3 fragments. Unlike MP fragments, both MP/BP-3 fragments and BP-3 additive inhibited embryonic development and offspring growth in a similar manner. Additionally, only BP-3 additive significantly induced (p < 0.05) higher lipid peroxidation in D. magna. This study suggests the critical role of plastic additives in MPs chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms, which should be further identified for other environmentally relevant plastic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Song
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee An
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Kim Y, Samadi A, Gwag EH, Park J, Kwak M, Park J, Lee TG, Kim YJ. Physiological and Behavioral Effects of SiO 2 Nanoparticle Ingestion on Daphnia magna. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1105. [PMID: 34577748 PMCID: PMC8472362 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasingly widespread use of engineered nanoparticles in medical, industrial, and food applications has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity to humans and the environment. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs), which have relatively low direct toxicity, have been increasingly applied in both consumer products and biomedical applications, leading to significantly higher exposure for humans and the environment. We carried out a toxicity assessment of SiO2 NPs using the common water flea D. magna by focusing on physiological and behavioral indicators such as heart rate, swimming performance, and growth. Exposure to SiO2 NPs did not produce acute or chronic toxicity at limited concentrations (<100 μg/mL), but did have statistically significant negative effects on heart rate, swimming distance, and body size. The use of fluorescein isothiocyanate in a silica matrix allowed the tracing and visualization of clear SiO2 NP accumulation in D. magna, which was confirmed by ICP-MS. Although exposure to SiO2 NPs seemed to affect cardiac and swimming performance, such end-point experiments may be insufficient to fully understand the toxicity of these nanoparticles. However, the physiological and behavioral changes shown here suggest potential adverse effects on the aquatic environment by substances previously considered nontoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsam Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (E.H.G.); (J.P.)
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Afshin Samadi
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (E.H.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Eun Heui Gwag
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (E.H.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Jayoung Park
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (E.H.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Division of Industrial Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (M.K.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Jihoon Park
- Accident Response Coordination Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety, Ministry of Environment, 11 Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28164, Korea;
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Division of Industrial Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; (M.K.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (Y.K.); (A.S.); (E.H.G.); (J.P.)
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Maldonado-Alameda A, Giro-Paloma J, Rodríguez-Romero A, Serret J, Menargues A, Andrés A, Chimenos JM. Environmental potential assessment of MSWI bottom ash-based alkali-activated binders. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125828. [PMID: 34492789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as they can be formulated using by-products or waste as raw materials. However, the presence of hazardous compounds in residues can lead to an increase in AABs' toxicity due to the highly alkaline media. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate their environmental risks to validate their use as building materials. This study environmentally assessed AABs prepared with two different fractions (0-30 mm and 8-30 mm) of weathered bottom ash (AA-WBA) from WtE plants. The potential leachate toxicity of AA-WBA was assessed using granular and monolithic leaching tests that simulated end-of-life and service life scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, an acute toxicity test with crustacean Daphnia magna as model organisms was conducted to determine the relationship between the leachate metal(loid) concentrations and the ecotoxicity of AA-WBA. The results showed higher metal(loid) concentrations in AA-WBA specimens prepared with the 0-30 mm fraction of WBA. The service life scenario revealed multiple metal(loid)-release mechanisms. The 48 h EC50 value (close to 10%; moderate toxicity) indicated that the use of the coarse fraction of WBA increased the immobilisation of the metal(loid)s. Finally, the correlation between the concentrations of some of the metal(loid)s and toxicity was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maldonado-Alameda
- DIOPMA Design and Optimization of Processes and Materials, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Giro-Paloma
- DIOPMA Design and Optimization of Processes and Materials, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - J Serret
- UTOX. Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Menargues
- UTOX. Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Andrés
- GER Green Engineering and Resources Group, Department of Chemistry and Process & Resource Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
| | - J M Chimenos
- DIOPMA Design and Optimization of Processes and Materials, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Banerjee S, Saha B, Rietkerk M, Baudena M, Chattopadhyay J. Chemical contamination-mediated regime shifts in planktonic systems. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-021-00516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Hu X, Wang K, Chang J, Zhang L, Zhong M, Nie Y. Establishment of a comprehensive analysis method for the microfaunal movement in activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17084-17097. [PMID: 33394410 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfaunal identification and analysis are very complex; thus, an image analysis method was utilized in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of using the number, dominant species, and diversity of population structure of microfauna as activated sludge indicators. Based on a classification of microfaunal movement, the quantitative processing and analysis of the micro-video frame image of microfaunal movement were carried out by using the Image J software. Background subtraction method was utilized to detect target microfauna by matching target area features to track microfaunal movement. Three parameters, namely, motion trajectory (L), consecutive frame of motion paths (Si), and average change rate of extent [Formula: see text], were selected to represent the motion trajectory and mass center of microfauna. Four motion-velocity parameters, namely, the left and right rotation angles of adjacent frames (∆αi), instantaneous velocity (Vi), average linear velocity ([Formula: see text]), and average angular velocity ([Formula: see text]), were selected to characterize the movement modes of microfauna. Finally, a motion analysis method based on the Image J software was established to demonstrate the different motion modes of microfauna in activated sludge. This study provides a methodological foundation for the establishment of a new method of microfauna as indicator. Based on this method, the correlation between the microfaunal motion velocity and activated sludge flocs was analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Water Purification and Utilization Technology based on Biofilm Process, Ministry of Education, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Zhong
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Nie
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Yuan S, Liang C, Li W, Letcher RJ, Liu C. A comprehensive system for detection of behavioral change of D. magna exposed to various chemicals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123731. [PMID: 33254763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop a sensitive and comprehensive method, based on D. magna swimming behavior, for toxicity assessment of environmental chemicals. Firstly, D. magna swimming in several chambers with different diameters were compared to determine the most suitable container, and then baseline behaviors during light/dark periods as well as reactions to light/dark switching and vibration stimulation were determined. Secondly, after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of the selected 42 typical chemicals, which were classified into heavy metals, pesticides, fungicides and flame retardants, the alterations in the swimming parameters were evaluated. Our results indicated the 48-well plate was the most suitable chamber for behavioral monitoring of D. magna, and specific responsive patterns of D. magna neonates to light/dark switching and vibration stimulation were observed. The results of the behavioral assays of chemicals suggested that D. magna was the most sensitive to methylmercury-chloride and then to abamectin and chlorpyrifos. The three chemicals at several to dozens of ng/L significantly changed swimming behaviors of D. magna. Furthermore, the alteration in the behavioral parameters (average swimming speed, etc.) induced by the selected chemicals could be ascribed to various modes of actions, confirming the reliability and practicability of the monitoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengqian Liang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Engineering Research Centre of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Gökçe D, Köytepe S, Özcan İ. Assessing short-term effects of magnetite ferrite nanoparticles on Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31489-31504. [PMID: 32488719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used in a wide range of sectors ranging from electronics to biomedicine, as well as in eutrophicated lake restoration due to their high P, N, and heavy metal adsorption capacity. This study assessed the effects of MNPs on mortality and morphometric changes of D. magna. According to the SEM, the synthesised MNPs were found to have spherical nanoparticles, be uniformly distributed, and have a homolithic size distribution of 50-110 nm. The EDX spectra confirmed the elemental structure and purities of these MNPs. A total of 396 neonates were used for short-term bioassays (96 h) through the MNPs in the laboratory (16:8 photoperiod). Experiments were applied in triplicate for each concentration of CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs and their respective control groups. Mortality and morphological measurements of each individual were recorded every 24 h. In the probit analysis, the 96-h LC50 (p < 0.05) for CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs was calculated to be 1.455 mg L-1, 39.834 mg L-1, and 21.730 mg L-1, respectively. CuFe2O4 MNPs were found to be more toxic than the other two MNPs. The concentrations of CuFe2O4, CoFe2O4, and NiFe2O4 MNPs drastically affected life span and morphologic growth of D. magna as a result of a short time exposure. The results of this study are useful for assessing what risks they pose to freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Gökçe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Süleyman Köytepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İmren Özcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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12
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Di Lorenzo T, Di Cicco M, Di Censo D, Galante A, Boscaro F, Messana G, Paola Galassi DM. Environmental risk assessment of propranolol in the groundwater bodies of Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113189. [PMID: 31542673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A growing concern for contamination due to pharmaceutical compounds in groundwater is expanding globally. The β-blocker propranolol is a β-adrenoceptors antagonist commonly detected in European groundwater bodies. The effect of propranolol on stygobiotic species (obligate groundwater dweller species) is compelling in the framework of environmental risk assessment (ERA) of groundwater ecosystems. In fact, in Europe, ERA procedures for pharmaceuticals in groundwater are based on data obtained with surrogate surface water species. The use of surrogates has aroused some concern in the scientific arena since the first ERA guideline for groundwater was issued. We performed an ecotoxicological and a behavioural experiment with the stygobiotic crustacean species Diacyclops belgicus (Copepopda) to estimate a realistic value of the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) of propranolol for groundwater ecosystems and we compared this value with the PNEC estimated based on EU ERA procedures. The results of this study showed that i) presently, propranolol does not pose a risk to groundwater bodies in Europe at the concentrations shown in this study and ii) the PNEC of propranolol estimated through the EU ERA procedures is very conservative and allows to adequately protect these delicate ecosystems and their dwelling fauna. The methodological approach and the results of this study represent a first contribution to the improvement of ERA of groundwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mattia Di Cicco
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito, 67100, 10 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Di Censo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito, 67100, 10 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Galante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito, 67100, 10 L'Aquila, Italy; Institute for superconductors, oxides and other innovative materials and devices, National Research Council (CNR-SPIN), Via Vetoio 1, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscaro
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Messana
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Diana Maria Paola Galassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito, 67100, 10 L'Aquila, Italy
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13
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Renzi M, Blašković A. Ecotoxicity of nano-metal oxides: A case study on daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:878-889. [PMID: 31392636 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Europe REACH framework directive imposes data acquisition concerning toxicity on acquatic species before the commercialization of chemicals to assess environmental risks. According to official methods, exposure tests are performed under in vitro and standardized conditions: OECD's guideline rules external variables such as water type, feeding conditions, and exposure time. As consequence, such obtained results could be different from effects observed in natural environments. This study collects effects within 24-96 h of exposure to nano metal-oxides (ZnO, TiO2) on D. magna obtained by the exposure under standard OECD conditions comparing them with results obtained by the exposure under more similar conditions to natural environment (i.e. mixture, feeding). High doses exposure determines gas-bubble disease. Animals exposed to LC10 actively ingest nanoparticles under both fasting and feeding conditions. Furthermore, body burial by a coat of nanoparticles thicker in mixtures than in single dispersions was recorded. Furthermore, results show that: (i) effects increase over time; (ii) n-ZnO results less effective than n-TiO2 in both single dispersion, and mixture; (iii) the presence of surfactant increases toxicity of nanoparticles; (iv) immobilization is a more sensitive endpoint than mortality; (v) feeding increases test sensitiveness improving differences among treated and controls till 96 h and allowing longer exposure times than standard OECD test. As general remark, this study provides evidence that in vitro ecotoxicological results obtained under standardized OECD conditions could be significant different to animals' responses under natural (feeding and mixtures) exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Renzi
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello (GR), Italy.
| | - Andrea Blašković
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello (GR), Italy
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14
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Delompré PLM, Blewett TA, Goss GG, Glover CN. Shedding light on the effects of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water on phototactic behavior in Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:315-323. [PMID: 30849651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effluent produced during hydraulic fracturing (i.e. flowback and produced water; FPW), is a complex hyper-saline solution that is known to negatively impact the survival and the fitness of the water flea Daphnia magna, but to date effects on behavior are unstudied. In the current study, the effects of FPW on phototactic behavior of D. magna were examined. Exposure of naïve animals to FPW resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the speed of appearance of daphnids in the illuminated zone of the test apparatus (i.e. a faster positive phototaxis response). A similar dose-dependent response was observed in a test solution where the salt content of FPW was recreated in the absence of other components, suggesting that the effect was largely driven by salinity. The effect of FPW was significant when the raw FPW sample was diluted to 20% of its initial strength, while the effect of salt-matched solution was significant at a 10% dilution. A distinct effect was observed following FPW pre-exposure. After a 24 h pre-exposure to 1.5% FPW, Daphnia displayed a significantly inhibited positive phototaxis response when examined in control water, relative to control animals that were not pre-exposed to FPW. This effect was not observed in salinity pre-exposed animals, however these daphnids displayed a significantly reduced phototactic response when tested in saline waters, indicating a loss of the positive phototaxis seen in naïve organisms. These data indicate that FPW can induce perturbations in the behavior of aquatic invertebrates, an effect that may influence processes such as feeding and predation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L M Delompré
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.
| | - T A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - G G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3; National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C N Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Banerjee S, Sarkar RR, Chattopadhyay J. Effect of copper contamination on zooplankton epidemics. J Theor Biol 2019; 469:61-74. [PMID: 30817925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious disease and chemical contamination are increasingly becoming vital issues in many ecosystems. However, studies integrating the two are surprisingly rare. Contamination not only affects the inherent host-resource interaction which influences the epidemic process but may also directly affect epidemiological traits via changes in host's behaviour. The fact that heavy metal such as copper is also an essential trace element for organisms, further increase complexity which make predicting the resultant effect of contamination and disease spread difficult. Motivated by this, we model the effect of copper enrichment on a phytoplankton-zooplankton-fungus system. We show that extremely deficient or toxic copper may have a destabilizing effect on the underlying host-resource dynamics due to increased relative energy fluxes as a result of low host mortality due to fish predation. Further, on incorporating disease into the system, we find that the system can become disease-free for an intermediate range of copper concentration whereas it may persist for very less copper enrichment. Also, we predict that there may exist vulnerable regions of copper concentration near the toxic and deficient levels, where the parasite can invade the system for a comparatively lower spore yield. Overall, our results demonstrate that, the effect of contamination may be fundamental to understanding disease progression in community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Banerjee
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Ram Rup Sarkar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Campus, Pune, India
| | - Joydev Chattopadhyay
- Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India.
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16
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Vlaeminck K, Viaene KPJ, Van Sprang P, Baken S, De Schamphelaere KAC. The Use of Mechanistic Population Models in Metal Risk Assessment: Combined Effects of Copper and Food Source on Lymnaea stagnalis Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1104-1119. [PMID: 30756452 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of chemicals aims to protect populations, communities, and ecosystems. Population models are considered more frequent in ERA because they can bridge the gap between the individual and the population level. Lymnaea stagnalis (the great pond snail) is an organism that is particularly sensitive to various metals, including copper (Cu). In addition, the sensitivity of this species to Cu differs between food sources. The first goal of the present study was to investigate whether we could explain the variability in sensitivity between food sources (lettuce and fish flakes) at the individual level with a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model. By adapting an existing DEB model and calibrating it with Cu toxicity data, thereby combining information from 3 studies and 2 endpoints (growth and reproduction), we put forward inhibition of energy assimilation as the most plausible physiological mode of action (PMoA) of Cu. Furthermore, the variation in Cu sensitivity between both food sources was considerably lower at the PMoA level than at the individual level. Higher Cu sensitivity at individual level under conditions of lower food quality or availability appears to emerge from first DEB principles when inhibition of assimilation is the PMoA. This supports the idea that DEB explained Cu sensitivity variation between food sources. Our second goal was to investigate whether this food source effect propagated to the population level. By incorporating DEB in an individual-based model (IBM), population-level effects were predicted. Based on our simulations, the food source effect was still present at the population level, albeit less prominently. Finally, we compared predicted population-level effect concentration, x% (ECx) values with individual-level ECx values for different studies. Using the DEB-IBM, the range of effect concentrations decreased significantly: at the individual level, the difference in chronic EC10 values between studies was a factor of 70 (1.13-78 µg dissolved Cu/L), whereas at the population level the difference was a factor of 15 (2.9-44.6 µg dissolved Cu/L). To improve interstudy comparability, a bioavailability correction for differences in water chemistry was performed with a biotic ligand model. This further decreased the variation, down to a factor of 7.4. Applying the population model in combination with a bioavailability correction thus significantly decreased the variability of chronic effect concentrations of Cu for L. stagnalis. Overall, the results of the present study illustrate the potential usefulness of transitioning to a more modeling-based environmental risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1-16. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Vlaeminck
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- ARCHE Consulting, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Stijn Baken
- European Copper Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Villa S, Di Nica V, Pescatore T, Bellamoli F, Miari F, Finizio A, Lencioni V. Comparison of the behavioural effects of pharmaceuticals and pesticides on Diamesa zernyi larvae (Chironomidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:130-139. [PMID: 29554561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the presence of contaminants in Alpine aquatic ecosystems. Even if measured concentrations are far below those that cause acute effects, continuous exposure to sub-lethal concentrations may have detrimental effects on the aquatic species present in these remote environments. This may lead to a cascade of indirect effects at higher levels of the ecological hierarchy (i.e., the community). To improve the determination of ecologically relevant risk endpoints, behavioural alterations in organisms due to pollutants are increasingly studied in ecotoxicology. In fact, behaviour links physiological function with ecological processes, and can be very sensitive to environmental stimuli and chemical exposure. This is the first study on behavioural alteration in a wild population of an Alpine species. In the present study, a video tracking system was standardized and subsequently used to identify contaminant-induced behavioural alterations in Diamesa zernyi larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Diamesa zernyi larvae, collected in an Italian Alpine stream (Rio Presena, Trentino Region), were acclimated for 24 h and successively exposed to several aquatic contaminants (pesticides: chlorpyrifos, metolachlor, boscalid, captan; pharmaceuticals: ibuprofen, furosemide, trimethoprim) at concentrations corresponding to their Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC). After 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, changes in the distance moved, the average speed, and the frequency of body bends were taken to reflect contaminant- and time-dependent effects on larval behaviour. In general, metolachlor, captan, and trimethoprim tended to reduce all the endpoints under consideration, whereas chlorpyrifos, boscalid, ibuprofen, and furosemide seemed to increase the distances moved by the larvae. This could be related to the different mechanisms of action of the investigated chemicals. Independently of the contaminant, after 72 h a general slowing down of all the behavioural activities occurred. Finally, we propose a behavioural stress indicator to compare the overall behavioural effects induced by the various contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Nica
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Tanita Pescatore
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellamoli
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Miari
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Lencioni
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE - Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy.
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18
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Campana O, Wlodkowic D. Ecotoxicology Goes on a Chip: Embracing Miniaturized Bioanalysis in Aquatic Risk Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:932-946. [PMID: 29284083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological and environmental sciences are, more than ever, becoming highly dependent on technological and multidisciplinary approaches that warrant advanced analytical capabilities. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies are perhaps one the most groundbreaking offshoots of bioengineering, enabling design of an entirely new generation of bioanalytical instrumentation. They represent a unique approach to combine microscale engineering and physics with specific biological questions, providing technological advances that allow for fundamentally new capabilities in the spatiotemporal analysis of molecules, cells, tissues, and even small metazoan organisms. While these miniaturized analytical technologies experience an explosive growth worldwide, with a substantial promise of a direct impact on biosciences, it seems that lab-on-a-chip systems have so far escaped the attention of aquatic ecotoxicologists. In this Critical Review, potential applications of the currently existing and emerging chip-based technologies for aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality monitoring are highlighted. We also offer suggestions on how aquatic ecotoxicology can benefit from adoption of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices for accelerated bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campana
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC , Puerto Real, 11519, Spain
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University , Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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19
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Nikitin OV, Nasyrova EI, Nuriakhmetova VR, Stepanova NY, Danilova NV, Latypova VZ. Toxicity assessment of polluted sediments using swimming behavior alteration test with Daphnia magna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/107/1/012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Parolini M, De Felice B, Ferrario C, Salgueiro-González N, Castiglioni S, Finizio A, Tremolada P. Benzoylecgonine exposure induced oxidative stress and altered swimming behavior and reproduction in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:236-244. [PMID: 28928019 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several monitoring studies have shown that benzoylecgonine (BE) is the main illicit drug residue commonly measured in the aquatic system worldwide. Few studies have investigated the potential toxicity of this molecule towards invertebrate and vertebrate aquatic non-target organisms focusing on effects at low levels of the biological organization, but no one has assessed the consequences at higher ones. Thus, the present study was aimed at investigating the toxicity of a 48-h exposure to two concentrations of BE, similar to those found in aquatic ecosystems (0.5 μg/L and 1.0 μg/L), on the cladoceran Daphnia magna at different levels of the ecological hierarchy. We relied on a multi-level approach focusing on the effects at biochemical/biomolecular (biomarkers), individual (swimming activity) and population (reproduction) levels. We measured the amount of reactive oxygen species and of the activity of antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and detoxifying (GST) enzymes to assess if BE exposure can alter the oxidative status of D. magna specimens, while the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was measured as a marker of oxidative damage. Moreover, we also measured the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity because it is strictly related to behavioral changes in aquatic organisms. Changes in swimming behavior were investigated by a video tracking analysis, while the consequences on reproduction were assessed by a chronic toxicity test. Our results showed that BE concentrations similar to those found in aquatic ecosystems induced oxidative stress and inhibited AChE activity, affecting swimming behavior and the reproduction of Daphnia magna individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferrario
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, I-20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via La Masa 19, I-20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Finizio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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21
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Huang Y, Campana O, Wlodkowic D. A Millifluidic System for Analysis of Daphnia magna Locomotory Responses to Water-born Toxicants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17603. [PMID: 29242636 PMCID: PMC5730546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic toxicity testing in environmental monitoring and chemical risk assessment is critical to assess water quality for human use as well as predict impact of pollutants on ecosystems. In recent years, studies have increasingly focused on the relevance of sub-lethal effects of environmental contaminants. Sub-lethal toxicity endpoints such as behavioural responses are highly integrative and have distinct benefits for assessing water quality because they occur rapidly and thus can be used to sense the presence of toxicants. Our work describes a Lab-on-a-Chip system for the automated analysis of freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna locomotory responses to water-born toxicants. The design combines a Lab-on-a-Chip system for Daphnia sp. culture under perfusion with time-resolved videomicroscopy and software tracking locomotory activity of multiple specimens. The application of the system to analyse the swimming behaviour of water fleas exposed to different concentrations of water-born toxicants demonstrated that Lab-on-a-Chip devices can become important research tools for behavioural ecotoxicology and water quality biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Huang
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia Campana
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia, CSIC, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
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22
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Bownik A. Daphnia swimming behaviour as a biomarker in toxicity assessment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:194-205. [PMID: 28551538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Daphnia is a motile common model organism widely used in ecotoxicological testing. Although mortality and immobilisation are the main endpoints used for determination of toxicity, detection of subtle alterations induced by some chemicals particularly at lower levels may require more sensitive biomarkers. As a number of studies indicated that swimming behaviour may be altered by pesticides, nanoparticles, bacterial products or other chemicals, analysis of its various parameters is considered as a novel methodological approach for toxicity assessment and monitoring of water quality. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the effects induced by various chemical compounds on the parameters of swimming behaviour of Daphnia and systems developed for its analysis. Advantages and limitations of swimming behaviour as a tool in toxicological studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Str 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Lari E, Gauthier P, Mohaddes E, Pyle GG. Interactive toxicity of Ni, Zn, Cu, and Cd on Daphnia magna at lethal and sub-lethal concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 334:21-28. [PMID: 28380397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metal mixtures is currently of particular interest among aquatic toxicologists. To provide insight into whether the interaction of multiple metals is similar at different biological levels, the survival and feeding behavior of Daphnia magna were studied following exposure to four metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) and their binary and quaternary combinations. In terms of survival, Zn-Cu and Cu-Cd mixtures produced more-than-additive mortality, while Ni-Cd mixtures resulted in less-than-additive mortality. Regarding behavior, Zn-Cu and Zn-Cd mixtures produced a more-than-additive reduction in feeding rate. Four (i.e. Zn-Cu, Cu-Cd, Ni-Cd, and Zn-Cd) out of six binary mixtures in the present study interacted differently at the survival and behavioral levels, strengthening the emphasis on carefully selecting the toxicological endpoint when addressing metal mixture toxicity. The results of the present study demonstrated that metals are toxic to feeding behavior of D. magna at much lower concentrations (i.e. 27-63 times lower) compared to survival, suggesting that applying sub-lethal endpoints are required for producing protective regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Lari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1 K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Patrick Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Effat Mohaddes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1 K 3M4, Canada
| | - Greg G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1 K 3M4, Canada
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Faimali M, Gambardella C, Costa E, Piazza V, Morgana S, Estévez-Calvar N, Garaventa F. Old model organisms and new behavioral end-points: Swimming alteration as an ecotoxicological response. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 128:36-45. [PMID: 27194191 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral responses of aquatic organisms have received much less attention than developmental or reproductive ones due to the scarce presence of user-friendly tools for their acquisition. The technological development of data acquisition systems for quantifying behavior in the aquatic environment and the increase of studies on the understanding the relationship between the behavior of aquatic organisms and the physiological/ecological activities have generated renewed interest in using behavioral responses also in marine ecotoxicology. Recent reviews on freshwater environment show that behavioral end-points are comparatively fast and sensitive, and warrant further attention as tools for assessing the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants. In this mini-review, we perform a systematic analysis of the most recent works that have used marine invertebrate swimming alteration as behavioral end-point in ecotoxicological studies by assessing the differences between behavioral and acute responses in a wide range of species, in order to compare their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Faimali
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Costa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Veronica Piazza
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgana
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Noelia Estévez-Calvar
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garaventa
- National Research Council - Institute of Marine Science (CNR-ISMAR), Arsenale - Tesa 104, Castello 2737/F, 30122 Venezia, Italy
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Lethal/sublethal responses of Daphnia magna to acute norfloxacin contamination and changes in phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions induced by this antibiotic. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40385. [PMID: 28079143 PMCID: PMC5227989 DOI: 10.1038/srep40385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the well-known antibiotic norfloxacin (NOR) is recognized as an important environmental pollutant, little is known about its impacts on ecological processes, particularly on species interactions. In this paper, we quantified Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) responses in mortality rate at lethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L−1), and in heartbeat rate, swimming behavior and feeding rate (on the green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa) at sublethal NOR concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) to determine the effects of this antibiotic in plankton systems. In 96-h-long lethal experiment, mortality rates of D. magna increased significantly with increasing NOR concentration and exposure time. In sublethal experiments, heartbeat rate decreased, while time ratio of vertical to horizontal swimming (TVH) and the duration of quiescence increased in D. magna individuals exposed to increasing NOR concentrations after 4 and 12 h of exposure. These collectively led to decreases in both average swimming ability and feeding rate, consistent with the positive relationship between average swimming ability and feeding rate. Overall, results indicate that, by affecting zooplankton heartbeat rate and behavior, NOR decreased feeding efficiency of D. magna even at low doses, therefore, it might seriously compromise ecosystem health and function.
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26
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Hansen LR, Roslev P. Behavioral responses of juvenile Daphnia magna after exposure to glyphosate and glyphosate-copper complexes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:36-43. [PMID: 27564378 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the active ingredient in a range of popular broad-spectrum herbicide formulations. Glyphosate is a chelating agent that can form stable complexes with divalent metal ions including Cu(II). Little is known about the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of glyphosate-Cu(II) complexes to aquatic organisms. In this study, we used video tracking and behavior analysis to investigate sublethal effects of binary mixtures of glyphosate and Cu(II) to juvenile D. magna. Behavioral responses were quantified for individual D. magna after 24h and 48h exposure to glyphosate and glyhosate-Cu(II) mixtures. Sublethal concentrations resulted in decreases in swimming velocity, acceleration speed, and distance moved whereas inactive time of D. magna increased. Distance moved and inactive time were the most responsive parameters to glyphosate and glyphosate-Cu(II) exposure. On a molar basis, glyphosate-Cu(II) complexes appeared more toxic to D. magna than glyphosate alone. The 48h EC50 for glyphosate and glyphosate-Cu(II) determined from swimming distance were 75.2μM and 8.4μM, respectively. In comparison, traditional visual observation of mobility resulted in 48h EC50 values of 52.8μM and 25.5μM for glyphosate and glyphosate-Cu(II), respectively. The behavioral responses indicated that exposure of D. magna to mixtures of glyphosate and Cu(II) attenuated acute metal toxicity but increased apparent glyphosate toxicity due to complexation with Cu(II). The study suggests that glyphosate is a likely mediator of aquatic metal toxicity, and that video tracking provides an opportunity for quantitative studies of sublethal effects of pesticide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Rykær Hansen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Peter Roslev
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Meng L, Yang S, Feng M, Qu R, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Sun C. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri under different pH values: Impacts of perfluorooctane sulfonate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 305:219-228. [PMID: 26686481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (L. hoffmeisteri) has been commonly used as a lethal and/or sub-lethal toxicological model organism in ecological risk assessments in contaminated water environments. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the potential toxic effects of copper (Cu(II)) with or without perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) under different pH values (6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) on LC50, bioaccumulation, and oxidative stress biomarkers in L. hoffmeisteri after 3 and 7 days. The LC50 values of Cu(II) decreased with the increasing pH and the addition of PFOS. After each exposure, increasing bioaccumulation of Cu(II) in L. hoffmeisteri was observed in the combined exposure treatments, whereas the bioaccumulation of PFOS decreased. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase, the level of glutathione, and the content of malondialdehyde were significantly altered after these exposures, possibly indicating that the bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and PFOS caused adverse effects on antioxidant defenses of L. hoffmeisteri. The integrated biomarker response index, indicates that the combined effect was proposed as synergism, which is coincided with the results of toxic unit. Moreover, this work showed that aquatic environment may become more livable when water conditions changed from acidic to near-neutral or alkaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Mingbao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Jiaoqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
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Lari E, Wiseman S, Mohaddes E, Morandi G, Alharbi H, Pyle GG. Determining the effect of oil sands process-affected water on grazing behaviour of Daphnia magna, long-term consequences, and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:362-370. [PMID: 26735738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is a byproduct of the extraction of bitumen in the surface-mining oil sands industry and is currently stored in on-site tailings ponds. OSPW from three oil sands companies were studied to capture some of the variability associated with OSPW characteristics. To investigate the effect and mechanism(s) of effect of OSPW on feeding behaviour, Daphnia magna were exposed to low OSPW concentrations for 24 h and monitored for their feeding rate, olfactory response and swimming activity. The Al and Si content, which are indicators of suspended particulate matter in D. magna exposed to OSPW were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. In long-term experiments, effects of exposure to OSPW for 21 days on feeding behaviour, growth, and reproduction of D. magna were evaluated. Feeding rates were similar among the three exposure populations, yielding a 24 h IC50 of 5.3% OSPW. Results of behavioural assays suggest that OSPW impairs the chemosensory function and reduces the total activity of D. magna. In EDX spectroscopy, Al and Si were detected in the body of the exposed D. magna, suggesting that D. magna filter clay particles from the OSPW solution. Results of the long-term exposure showed that OSPW significantly inhibits feeding behaviour, suppresses growth, and reduces reproductive output of D. magna. There were no differences in the toxicity of the three samples of OSPW, which was in agreement with the fact that there were no differences in the species of dissolved organic compounds in the OSPW samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Lari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Effat Mohaddes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Garrett Morandi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hattan Alharbi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Greg G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Chevalier J, Harscoët E, Keller M, Pandard P, Cachot J, Grote M. Exploration of Daphnia behavioral effect profiles induced by a broad range of toxicants with different modes of action. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1760-9. [PMID: 25760814 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Behavior is increasingly reported as a sensitive and early indicator of toxicant stress in aquatic organisms. However, the systematic understanding of behavioral effects and comparisons between effect profiles is hampered because the available studies are limited to few chemicals and differ in the exposure conditions and effect parameters examined. The aims of the present study were 1) to explore behavioral responses of Daphnia magna exposed to different toxicants, 2) to compare behavioral effect profiles with regard to chemical modes of action, and 3) to determine the sensitivity and response time of behavioral parameters in a new multi-cell exposure system named Multi-DaphTrack compared with currently utilized tests. Twelve compounds covering different modes of toxic action were selected to sample a wide range of potential effect profiles. Acute standard immobilization tests and 48 h of behavioral tracking were performed in the customized Multi-DaphTrack system and a single-cell commercialized biological early warning system. Contrasting behavioral profiles were observed for average speed (i.e., intensity, time of effect onset, effect duration), but no distinct behavioral profiles could be drawn from the chemical mode of action. Most compounds tested in the Multi-DaphTrack system induced an early and significant average speed increase at concentrations near or below the 10% effective concentration (48 h) of the acute immobilization test, demonstrating that the Multi-DaphTrack system is fast and sensitive. To conclude, behavior endpoints could be used as an alternative or complement to the current acute standard test or chemical analysis for the predictive evaluation of ecotoxic effects of effluents or water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chevalier
- Electricité de France R&D-Laboratoire, National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Elodie Harscoët
- Electricité de France R&D-Laboratoire, National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Merlin Keller
- Electricité de France R&D-Management des Risques Industriels, Chatou, France
| | - Pascal Pandard
- L'Institut National de L'environnement Industriel et des Risques, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Matthias Grote
- Electricité de France R&D-Laboratoire, National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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30
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Bahrndorff S, Michaelsen TY, Jensen A, Marcussen LF, Nielsen ME, Roslev P. Automated swimming activity monitor for examining temporal patterns of toxicant effects on individualDaphnia magna. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Thomas Yssing Michaelsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Anne Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Laurits Faarup Marcussen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Majken Elley Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Peter Roslev
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
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31
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Prosnier L, Loreau M, Hulot FD. Modeling the direct and indirect effects of copper on phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:73-81. [PMID: 25781394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the effects of pollution at the community level is difficult because of the complex impacts of ecosystem dynamics and properties. To predict the effects of copper on a plant-herbivore interaction in a freshwater ecosystem, we built a model that focuses on the interaction between an alga, Scenedesmus sp., and a herbivore, Daphnia sp. The model assumes logistic growth for Scenedesmus and a type II functional response for Daphnia. Internal copper concentrations in Scenedesmus and Daphnia are calculated using a biodynamic model. We include two types of direct effects of copper on Scenedesmus and Daphnia that results from hormesis: a deficiency effect at low concentration and a toxic effect at high concentration. We perform a numerical analysis to predict the combined effects of copper and nutrient enrichment on the Scenedesmus-Daphnia interaction. Results show three types of outcomes depending on copper concentration. First, low (4 μg L(-1)) and high (50 μg L(-1)) copper concentrations cause deficiency and toxicity, respectively, leading to the extinction of all populations; for less extreme concentrations (between 4 and 5 μg L(-1) and between 16.5 and 50 μg L(-1)), only the consumer population becomes extinct. The two populations survive with intermediate concentrations. Second, when population dynamics present oscillations, copper has a stabilizing effect and reduces or suppresses oscillations. Third, copper, on account of its stabilizing effect, opposes the destabilizing effect of nutrient enrichment. Our model shows that (1) Daphnia is affected by copper at lower concentrations when community interactions are taken into account than when analyzed alone, and (2) counterintuitive effects may arise from the interaction between copper pollution and nutrient enrichment. Our model also suggests that single-value parameters such as NOEC and LOEC, which do not take community interactions into account to characterize pollutants effects, are unable to determine pollutant effects in complex ecosystems. More generally, our model underscores the importance of ecosystem-scale studies to predict the effects of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Prosnier
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Univ. Paris-Sud Bât. 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Florence D Hulot
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Univ. Paris-Sud Bât. 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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32
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Hochmuth JD, Asselman J, De Schamphelaere KAC. Are interactive effects of harmful algal blooms and copper pollution a concern for water quality management? WATER RESEARCH 2014; 60:41-53. [PMID: 24821194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of mixtures of stressors is one of the major challenges in water quality management. Yet until now risk assessment focuses almost exclusively on the effect characterization of individual stressors. An important concern is the potential interactive effects of cyanobacteria, sometimes referred to as harmful algal blooms, with chemical stressors. Here, we evaluated the response of two clones of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna to the combined effects of five cyanobacteria and copper. The latter remains the most commonly applied chemical algaecide and is also often detected in eutrophic run-offs that promote harmful algal blooms. Because the different cyanobacteria studied here have known modes of action that are similar, as well as dissimilar compared to the known modes of actions of copper, we based our assessment on two widely used reference models, i.e. the Concentration Addition (CA) model for similarly acting stressors and the Independent Action (IA) model for dissimilarly acting stressors. We highlight four major findings. First, the conclusions drawn on the interaction type (non-interaction vs. synergism or antagonism) between either of the five cyanobacteria species and copper were the same for both D. magna clones. Second, the interaction type differed between the Microcystis + copper mixture (non-interaction according to CA and synergism according to IA) and the four other cyanobacteria + copper mixtures (antagonism according to CA and non-interaction according to IA). Third, both reference models provided reasonable predictions for all observed mixture toxicities. Fourth, we consistently obtained different results with the IA reference model compared to the CA model. More specifically, mixtures of Cu and Microcystis were synergistic with IA whereas non-interaction was observed with CA, while the remaining four cyanobacteria + copper combinations all displayed non-interaction with IA and antagonism with CA. Despite the IA reference model providing a marginally better fit to the data in general, the CA reference model delivered more conservative predictions for mixture toxicity of cyanobacteria + copper in all cases compared to the IA reference model. Thus, the CA model could serve as a conservative model to account for mixture toxicity of cyanobacteria and copper in water quality management, as it gives rise to conservative predictions of mixed stressor toxicity at sub-lethal effect levels in D. magna. Finally, and in accordance with other studies of cyanobacteria + chemical mixtures, we did not detect any strong synergistic effects of copper and cyanobacteria mixtures on D. magna. Consequently, based on our study with the model freshwater zooplankton species Daphnia, interactive effects of harmful algal blooms and copper pollution appear to be of limited concern for water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Hochmuth
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jana Asselman
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Artells E, Issartel J, Auffan M, Borschneck D, Thill A, Tella M, Brousset L, Rose J, Bottero JY, Thiéry A. Exposure to cerium dioxide nanoparticles differently affect swimming performance and survival in two daphnid species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71260. [PMID: 23977004 PMCID: PMC3744572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The CeO₂ NPs are increasingly used in industry but the environmental release of these NPs and their subsequent behavior and biological effects are currently unclear. This study evaluates for the first time the effects of CeO₂ NPs on the survival and the swimming performance of two cladoceran species, Daphnia similis and Daphnia pulex after 1, 10 and 100 mg.L⁻¹ CeO₂ exposures for 48 h. Acute toxicity bioassays were performed to determine EC₅₀ of exposed daphnids. Video-recorded swimming behavior of both daphnids was used to measure swimming speeds after various exposures to aggregated CeO₂ NPs. The acute ecotoxicity showed that D. similis is 350 times more sensitive to CeO₂ NPs than D. pulex, showing 48-h EC₅₀ of 0.26 mg.L⁻¹ and 91.79 mg.L⁻¹, respectively. Both species interacted with CeO₂ NPs (adsorption), but much more strongly in the case of D. similis. Swimming velocities (SV) were differently and significantly affected by CeO₂ NPs for both species. A 48-h exposure to 1 mg.L⁻¹ induced a decrease of 30% and 40% of the SV in D. pulex and D. similis, respectively. However at higher concentrations, the SV of D. similis was more impacted (60% off for 10 mg.L⁻¹ and 100 mg.L⁻¹) than the one of D. pulex. These interspecific toxic effects of CeO₂ NPs are explained by morphological variations such as the presence of reliefs on the cuticle and a longer distal spine in D. similis acting as traps for the CeO₂ aggregates. In addition, D. similis has a mean SV double that of D. pulex and thus initially collides with twice more NPs aggregates. The ecotoxicological consequences on the behavior and physiology of a CeO₂ NPs exposure in daphnids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Artells
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE UMR-CNRS 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE UMR-CNRS 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Julien Issartel
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE UMR-CNRS 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mélanie Auffan
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CEREGE UMR-CNRS 7330, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Daniel Borschneck
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CEREGE UMR-CNRS 7330, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Antoine Thill
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Comissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, UMR 3299, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l’Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Tella
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CEREGE UMR-CNRS 7330, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Lenka Brousset
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE UMR-CNRS 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jérôme Rose
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CEREGE UMR-CNRS 7330, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Yves Bottero
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CEREGE UMR-CNRS 7330, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Alain Thiéry
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, IMBE UMR-CNRS 7263, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- iCEINT, International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Labex SERENADE 2012 “Safer Ecodesign Research and Education applied to NAnomaterial Development”, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Kolkmeier MA, Brooks BW. Sublethal silver and NaCl toxicity in Daphnia magna: a comparative study of standardized chronic endpoints and progeny phototaxis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:693-706. [PMID: 23516047 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral bioassays with the model freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna have the potential to serve as nontraditional but sensitive endpoints of sublethal stress. However, few studies have examined the comparative sensitivity of neonate phototaxis perturbations to standardized endpoints commonly employed in chronic toxicity testing protocols. Even less understood are the consequences of prenatal exposure on neonate phototactic behavior. Here, we tested the hypothesis that D. magna neonate phototaxis is a more sensitive endpoint over a chronic study period than mortality and reproduction. D. magna 21 day studies were conducted with model stressors of sodium chloride and dissolved silver. Phototaxis assays of progeny response to relative light changes in small water columns were conducted for each brood. Significant differences in neonate phototactic behavior were observed among treatment level broods, suggesting that maternal exposure to sublethal levels of NaCl and Ag+ impacted offspring. In fact, progeny phototactic response was significantly affected at or below 21-day LOEC thresholds for fecundity in broods 2, 3, 5 and 6 of the NaCl experiment and in broods 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the dissolved Ag+ study. Because neonate phototaxis was generally more sensitive than standardized fecundity thresholds, we suggest employing neonate phototaxis as an ecologically important endpoint in future ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kolkmeier
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
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35
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Seuront L. Hydrocarbon contamination decreases mating success in a marine planktonic copepod. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26283. [PMID: 22053187 PMCID: PMC3203901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mating behavior and the mating success of copepods rely on chemoreception to locate and track a sexual partner. However, the potential impact of the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons on these aspects of copepod reproduction has never been tested despite the widely acknowledged acute chemosensory abilities of copepods. I examined whether three concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (0.01%, 0.1% and 1%) impacts (i) the swimming behavior of both adult males and females of the widespread calanoid copepod Temora longcornis, and (ii) the ability of males to locate, track and mate with females. The three concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of diesel oil (WSF) significantly and non-significantly affect female and male swimming velocities, respectively. In contrast, both the complexity of male and female swimming paths significantly decreased with increasing WSF concentrations, hence suggesting a sex-specific sensitivity to WSF contaminated seawater. In addition, the three WSF concentrations impacted both T. longicornis mating behavior and mating success. Specifically, the ability of males to detect female pheromone trails, to accurately follow trails and to successfully track a female significantly decreased with increasing WSF concentrations. This led to a significant decrease in contact and capture rates from control to WSF contaminated seawater. These results indicate that hydrocarbon contamination of seawater decreases the ability of male copepods to detect and track a female, hence suggest an overall impact on population fitness and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Seuront
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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36
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Brausch KA, Anderson TA, Smith PN, Maul JD. The effect of fullerenes and functionalized fullerenes on Daphnia magna phototaxis and swimming behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:878-884. [PMID: 21184527 DOI: 10.1002/etc.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of carbon fullerenes (C(60) ) on the environment is a growing concern as the use of nanotechnology continues to increase. Previous studies have reported alteration in Daphnia magna behavior, including increased hopping frequency, heart rate, and appendage movement in response to tetrahydrofuran-solubilized C(60) and increased hopping rate and appendage movement in response to tetrahydrofuran-solubilized C(60) HxC(70) Hx exposure. The objective of the current study was to evaluate effects of water-stirred C(60) and sonicated carboxylic acid functionalized fullerenes (fC(60) ) on D. magna behavior. Behavioral endpoints are important because changes in behavior can influence predator avoidance behaviors, alter predation risk, and potentially lead to population-level effects in D. magna. To evaluate the potential effect of fullerenes on phototactic behavior, D. magna were exposed to 545.4 µg/L C(60) and 545.6 µg/L fC(60) , and vertical position was monitored. Daphnia magna were also exposed to 545.4 µg/L C(60) , 545.6 µg/L fC(60) , and 829.3 µg/L fC(60) , and swimming movements were recorded. Fullerenes altered the vertical migration response of D. magna to the addition of food, but D. magna vertical position response to predator cues was similar for fullerenes and controls. In addition, D. magna reduced swimming speed when exposed to C(60) , but other components of D. magna swimming behavior were not affected. This research supports previous findings and suggests that C(60) may influence D. magna behavior and highlights the need for further research on sublethal behavioral modifications in aquatic organisms in response to nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Brausch
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Cailleaud K, Michalec FG, Forget-Leray J, Budzinski H, Hwang JS, Schmitt FG, Souissi S. Changes in the swimming behavior of Eurytemora affinis (Copepoda, Calanoida) in response to a sub-lethal exposure to nonylphenols. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 102:228-231. [PMID: 21272947 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine waters are continuously loaded with chemicals which affect the physiology of aquatic organisms to various extents. They also have adverse effects on a wide range of behaviors. Nonylphenols and related compounds are biodegradation products of the nonionic surfactants nonylphenol polyethoxylates. They are commonly found in the aquatic environment. We observed immediate alterations of the free swimming activity of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis from the Seine estuary in response to a sub-lethal concentration of nonylphenols (4-NP and NP1EC) at environmentally realistic concentrations (2 μg/L). Swimming speed and activity increased for both males and females. The use of copepod kinematic proved to be a sensitive indicator of sub-lethal exposure to pollutants.
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Garaventa F, Gambardella C, Di Fino A, Pittore M, Faimali M. Swimming speed alteration of Artemia sp. and Brachionus plicatilis as a sub-lethal behavioural end-point for ecotoxicological surveys. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2010; 19:512-9. [PMID: 20099027 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the possibility to improve a new behavioural bioassay (Swimming Speed Alteration test-SSA test) using larvae of marine cyst-forming organisms: e.g. the brine shrimp Artemia sp. and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Swimming speed was investigated as a behavioural end-point for application in ecotoxicology studies. A first experiment to analyse the linear swimming speed of the two organisms was performed to verify the applicability of the video-camera tracking system, here referred to as Swimming Behavioural Recorder (SBR). A second experiment was performed, exposing organisms to different toxic compounds (zinc pyrithione, Macrotrol MT-200, and Eserine). Swimming speed alteration was analyzed together with mortality. The results of the first experiment indicate that SBR is a suitable tool to detect linear swimming speed of the two organisms, since the values have been obtained in accordance with other studies using the same organisms (3.05 mm s(-1) for Artemia sp. and 0.62 mm s(-1) for B. plicatilis). Toxicity test results clearly indicate that swimming speed of Artemia sp. and B. plicatilis is a valid behavioural end-point to detect stress at sub-lethal toxic substance concentrations. Indeed, alterations in swimming speed have been detected at toxic compound concentrations as low as less then 0.1-5% of their LC(50) values. In conclusion, the SSA test with B. plicatilis and Artemia sp. can be a good behavioural integrated output for application in marine ecotoxicology and environmental monitoring programs.
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Sobrino-Figueroa A, Cáceres-Martínez C. Alterations of valve closing behavior in juvenile Catarina scallops (Argopecten ventricosus Sowerby, 1842) exposed to toxic metals. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:983-987. [PMID: 19603269 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-009-0358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an evaluation of alterations produced in the valve closing speed of juvenile Argopecten ventricosus (Catarina scallop) exposed to the metals cadmium, chromium and lead, because of the connection of this response to the state of health of the mollusk. Bioassays were conducted with 50 juveniles (length 3 +/- 0.5 cm) exposed to 0.02, 0.1, 0.2 mg Cd l(-1); 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg Cr l(-1); 0.04, 0.2, 0.4 mg Pb l(-1) and 0.8 and 1.6 mg Cd + Cr + Pb l(-1) for 480 h. The average valve closing speed at the end of the experiment was under 1 s in the control group, from 2 to 3.6 s in the bioassays with cadmium, from 1.4 to 3.4 s with chromium, from 3 to 12 s with lead, and from 12 to 15 s with the metal mixtures. It was found that there are significant differences between the values recorded in assays with metals and the control (P < 0.05). The retardation of valve closing in the organisms exposed to toxic substances is probably caused by damage to the sensory cilia located on the edge of the mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sobrino-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Depto. de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco # 186 Col. Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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40
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Ren Z, Li Z, Ma M, Wang Z, Fu R. Behavioral responses of Daphnia magna to stresses of chemicals with different toxic characteristics. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:310-316. [PMID: 18974915 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Behavior of an organism is affected by exposure to toxic chemicals. However, less has been known about behavioral responses of an organism to stresses of toxic chemicals with different toxic characteristics. In present work, Daphnia magna Straus was exposed to gradient concentrations of deltamethrin, chlorothalonil and nitrofen and the behavioral changes of Daphnia magna under different stress were examined. The results showed that the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna to the tested chemicals were affected in general by exposure concentration, rather than toxic characteristics of the chemicals. The duration of avoidance response (DAR) was in a power regression relationship with the toxic unit (TU), defined as the ratio of exposure concentration of the tested chemical to its LC(50-48). DAR was independent of the toxic characteristics of chemicals. However, significant behavior adjustment could be observed after exposure to deltamethrin while only step-by-step decrease in behavior strength could be observed when exposed to chlorothalonil and nitrofen. It was suggested from the observation that avoidance behaviors of Daphnia magna to exposures of chemicals with different toxic characteristics could be similar, while their specific response could be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Jeon J, Kim JH, Lee BC, Kim SD. Development of a new biomonitoring method to detect the abnormal activity of Daphnia magna using automated Grid Counter device. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 389:545-556. [PMID: 17961634 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a biological early warning system (BEWS), equipped with six monitoring channels to individually observe the activity of Daphnia magna, using a digital 'Grid Counter', which would trigger an alarm within an appropriate time, and examine the functional performance of the newly developed BEWS for detecting unusual water quality. In order to detect the changes in the activity of D. magna, six relative activity parameter values (Z(a)) were computed from the 6 individual monitoring channels; with the activity data for D. magna calculated every 5 min. The Student's t-test was used to verify the difference between the mean value of the system in a steady state, as a control, and the exposure values during a sudden pollution event. The test results illustrate that the threshold value for the alarm can be at p=0.0093 for 3 consecutive detections. The time period, defined as the average time taken from the detection of hyper to retarded activity of the organism, for Cu concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppb were 7.17+/-1.75, 3.94+/-2.02, 1.85+/-0.49 and 1.00+/-0.18 h, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it is proposed that p values from the t-test, with Z(a), are more accurate, stable and predictable parameters for the detection of chemical exposures than the other values, such as the swimming speed and trajectory, etc. Consequently, it would be possible to reduce the number of false alarms and achieve confidence for a system, with the ability of highly accurate detection, such as with the six-channel monitoring system developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Ren Z, Zha J, Ma M, Wang Z, Gerhardt A. The early warning of aquatic organophosphorus pesticide contamination by on-line monitoring behavioral changes of Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 134:373-83. [PMID: 17294269 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC(50) values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 microg/l and 0.21 microg/l for dipterex 3.80 microg/l and 0.90 microg/l for malathion, and 1.25 microg/l and 0.38 microg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentration-response relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
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Schmidt K, Steinberg CE, Staaks GBO. Influence of a Xenobiotic Mixture (PCB and TBT) Compared to Single Substances on Swimming Behavior or Reproduction ofDaphnia magna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/aheh.200400579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Park YS, Chung NI, Choi KH, Cha EY, Lee SK, Chon TS. Computational characterization of behavioral response of medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with diazinon. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 71:215-228. [PMID: 15670628 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of indicator specimens in response to sub-lethal doses of toxic substances has been used to detect contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Changes in the movement behaviors of medaka (Oryzias latipes) were analyzed after being treated with diazinon at a concentration of 0.1 mg/l. The movement tracks of medaka were continuously recorded in two-dimension by a digital image processing system both before and after the treatments. Subsequently, two computational methods--two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT) and self-organizing map (SOM), were implemented to extract information from the movement data. The differences in the shapes of the movement tracks before and after the treatments were clearly manifested through 2D FFT. The short-distance, irregular turnings in the movement tracks observed after the treatments in the time domain were characteristically transformed to circular or ellipsoidal patterns in the frequency domain. The amplitudes of 2D FFT were efficiently classified by SOM, demonstrating the effects of the different treatments. To evaluate the feasibility of information extraction by 2D FFT, SOM was similarly carried out on the parameters (speed, meander, stop duration, etc.) conventionally used for characterizing the movement tracks. 2D FFT was more efficient in information extraction from the movement data than the parameters. The 2D FFT and SOM were useful as computational methods for automatically detecting response behaviors of indicator specimens exposed to toxic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seuk Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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