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Coulson RL, Mourrain P, Wang GX. The intersection of sleep and synaptic translation in synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:253-263. [PMID: 38396062 PMCID: PMC11233386 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders experience persistent sleep deficits, and there is increasing evidence that sleep dysregulation is an underlying cause, rather than merely an effect, of the synaptic and behavioral defects observed in these disorders. At the molecular level, dysregulation of the synaptic proteome is a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders, though the mechanism connecting these molecular and behavioral phenotypes is an ongoing area of investigation. A role for eIF2α in shifting the local proteome in response to changes in the conditions at the synapse has emerged. Here, we discuss recent progress in characterizing the intersection of local synaptic translation and sleep and propose a reciprocal mechanism of dysregulation in the development of synaptic plasticity defects in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle L Coulson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Gordon X Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Frange C, Murray BJ, Coelho FMS. The Importance of Sleep for Successful Neurorehabilitation after Stroke. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:e335-e343. [PMID: 38196757 PMCID: PMC10773525 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep has important clinical implications for neurorehabilitation after stroke. We aimed to systematically explore sleep (including naps) as an essential factor in the neurorehabilitation of patients after stroke. After titles and abstracts were screened, 49 full texts were reviewed, and 7 were included in this review. Data were extracted and assessed for quality and risk of bias. We looked at any neurorehabilitation setting, and compared sleep with no sleep and explored these factors in stroke patients versus healthy individuals. Rehabilitation is critical for many activities that may need to be learned or re-learned following stroke and for returning to everyday life. In this context, sleep is essential in neurorehabilitation and physical therapy practice as it supports neuroplasticity, memory, and learning. The available data suggest that sleep should be considered in the treatment plan for successfully targeted physiotherapy to optimize cognitive and motor learning. Physical therapists should advise about sleep hygiene and therapies to improve sleep, both quality and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Frange
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian James Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Morgadinho Santos Coelho
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Universidade Federal De São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kundu S, Acharya SS. Linkage of premature and early menopause with psychosocial well-being: a moderated multiple mediation approach. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:228. [PMID: 37559104 PMCID: PMC10413596 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is premature and between 40 and 44 years age is early, since the natural age of menopause lies between 45 and 50. The endocrine changes that come with menopause include an erratic decline in estrogen levels which affects the brain. Thus, leading to changes in cognitive function in the longer term due to the menopausal transition. The study aims to explore the effect of premature and early menopause on cognitive health, and psychosocial well-being. The moderated multiple mediation hypothesis of the study is that the effect of premature or early menopause is mediated by depression and insomnia, while all the pathways are moderated by smoking habits. DATA AND METHODS The study utilized Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018, Wave 1 data. The sample of 31,435 women were aged 45 and above and did not undergo hysterectomy. A moderated multiple mediation model was used to understand the association between premature or early menopause (X), insomnia (M1), depression (M2), moderator (W), and cognitive health (Y), while controlling for possible confounders. RESULTS Premature menopause was negatively associated with cognition (β:-0.33; SE:0.12; p < 0.05), whereas positively associated with insomnia (β:0.18; SE:0.03; p < 0.001) and depression (β:0.25; SE:0.04; p < 0.001). There is a moderating effect of smoking or tobacco consumption has a significant moderating effect on the pathways among premature menopause, depression, insomnia and cognition. When the same model was carried out for early menopause (40-44 years), the results were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the fact that smoking is associated with premature menopause, depression and insomnia. Women who experienced premature menopause has lower cognitive scores, depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms, which were higher among those who consumed tobacco. The study, strongly recommends the dissemination of information on the negative effects of tobacco consumption and making more informed choices to maintain a healthy life. More research into various methods and therapy is needed to determine the relationship between the age of early menopause and their psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Kundu
- Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sanghmitra Sheel Acharya
- Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, 110067, India
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Liu S, Zhang Z, Shi S, Meng Y, Zhang X, Lei Q, Li Z. NREM sleep loss increases neurofilament light chain levels in APP/PS1 and C57BL/6 J mice. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1495-1504. [PMID: 36205809 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbances exacerbate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but disturbances of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may have different effects. Neurofilament light chain (NfL), an axon-specific protein, is an indicator of the severity of neuronal apoptosis. To investigate whether or not NREM or REM sleep is crucial to neuronal survival, we examined the effects of induced NREM or REM sleep loss on NfL levels in APP/PS1 mice, a model of AD, and their wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J littermates. METHODS At 6 months of age, WT mice and AD mice were equally divided into six groups, namely, the WT-normal sleep (S), WT-total sleep deprivation (TSD), WT-REM deprivation (RD), AD-S, AD-TSD and AD-RD groups, according to the type of sleep intervention applied. All mice underwent 6 days of sleep intervention. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma NfL levels were measured at baseline and on days 2, 4 and 6, and spatial memory was assessed in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. RESULTS Among the 18 WT and 18 AD mice, CSF and plasma NfL levels were higher in AD-TSD mice than in AD-S or AD-RD mice, while no significant difference was observed between the latter two groups. In AD-TSD mice, CSF and plasma NfL levels increased with the duration of sleep deprivation. A similar pattern of results was observed for the WT groups. CONCLUSIONS NREM sleep loss may increase CSF and plasma NfL levels in both WT and AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Shuangming Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yangyang Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Qingfeng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Falck RS, Davis JC, Khan KM, Handy TC, Liu-Ambrose T. A Wrinkle in Measuring Time Use for Cognitive Health: How should We Measure Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep? Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:258-275. [PMID: 36896037 PMCID: PMC9989499 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211031495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One new case of dementia is detected every 4 seconds and no effective drug therapy exists. Effective behavioural strategies to promote healthy cognitive ageing are thus essential. Three behaviours related to cognitive health which we all engage in daily are physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. These time-use activity behaviours are linked to cognitive health in a complex and dynamic relationship not yet fully elucidated. Understanding how each of these behaviours is related to each other and cognitive health will help determine the most practical and effective lifestyle strategies for promoting healthy cognitive ageing. In this review, we discuss methods and analytical approaches to best investigate how these time-use activity behaviours are related to cognitive health. We highlight four key recommendations for examining these relationships such that researchers should include measures which (1) are psychometrically appropriate; (2) can specifically answer the research question; (3) include objective and subjective estimates of the behaviour and (4) choose an analytical method for modelling the relationships of time-use activity behaviours with cognitive health which is appropriate for their research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. Falck
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Jennifer C. Davis
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Karim M. Khan
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Todd C. Handy
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(RSF, TLA); Center for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada(RSF, KMK, TLA); Faculty of Management, University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada(JCD); Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(KMK); Attentional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada(TCH)
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Costello A, Linning-Duffy K, Vandenbrook C, Lonstein JS, Yan L. Effects of bright light therapy on neuroinflammatory and neuroplasticity markers in a diurnal rodent model of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Ann Med 2023; 55:2249015. [PMID: 37625385 PMCID: PMC10461522 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2249015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bright light therapy (BLT) is widely used for treating Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of BLT remain largely unexplored. The present study used a diurnal rodent (Nile grass rats; Arvicanthis niloticus) to test the hypothesis that the therapeutic effects of BLT could be, in part, due to reduced neuroinflammation and/or enhanced neuroplasticity. Our previous research has demonstrated that compared to grass rats housed in a summer-like daytime bright light condition (1000 lux), those housed in a winter-like daytime dim light condition (50 lux) showed increased depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as impaired sociosexual behaviours and spatial memory, similar to what is observed in patients suffering from SAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, male and female grass rats were housed under the winter-like dim daytime light condition (lights on 600-1800 hr, 50 lux). The experimental groups received daily 1-h early morning BLT from 0600-0700 using full-spectrum light (10,000 lux), while the control groups received narrowband red light (λmax, 780 nm). Following 4 weeks of treatment, the expression of several neuroinflammatory or plasticity markers was examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. RESULTS For the neuroinflammatory markers, BLT reduced TNF-α in the BLA of females, and upregulated CD11b in the mPFC and IL6 in the BLA in males. For the neuroplasticity markers, BLT downregulated BDNF in the CA1 and TrkB in all three brain regions in females but upregulated BDNF in the BLA and CA1 in males. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the therapeutic effects of BLT on sleep, mood, and cognition may be attributed in part to mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in corticolimbic brain regions. Moreover, these effects appear to vary between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph S. Lonstein
- Department of Psychology, MI State University, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Psychology, MI State University, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, MI, USA
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Cakir A, Ocalan Esmerce B, Aydin B, Koc C, Cansev M, Gulec Suyen G, Kahveci N. Effects of uridine administration on hippocampal matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors in REM sleep-deprived rats. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148039. [PMID: 35932811 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with synaptic plasticity which is considered essential for long-term potentiation (LTP). The composition of extracellular matrix (ECM), in part, plays a role in REM sleep-associated synaptic functioning. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of uridine administration on levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs) in rats subjected to REM sleep deprivation (REMSD). REMSD was induced by modified multiple platform method for 96-hour. Rats were randomized to receive either saline or uridine (1 mmol/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for four days. Rats were then decapitated and their hippocampi were dissected for analyzing the levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 by Western-blotting and the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Gelatin zymography. REMSD resulted in reduced levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3 and activity of MMP-9 in saline-treated rats, while uridine treatment significantly enhanced their impairment. TIMP-1 was enhanced following REMSD but uridine treatment had no significant effect on TIMP-1 levels. MMP-2, TIMP-2 levels and MMP-2 activity were not affected by either REMSD or uridine administration. These data show that REMSD significantly affects ECM composition which is ameliorated by uridine administration suggesting a possible use of uridine in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Cakir
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Busra Ocalan Esmerce
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu Koc
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Guldal Gulec Suyen
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Kahveci
- Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
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Chen HL, Gao JX, Chen YN, Xie JF, Xie YP, Spruyt K, Lin JS, Shao YF, Hou YP. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep during Early Life: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13101. [PMID: 36293678 PMCID: PMC9602694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ontogenetic sleep hypothesis suggested that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is ontogenetically primitive. Namely, REM sleep plays an imperative role in the maturation of the central nervous system. In coincidence with a rapidly developing brain during the early period of life, a remarkably large amount of REM sleep has been identified in numerous behavioral and polysomnographic studies across species. The abundant REM sleep appears to serve to optimize a cerebral state suitable for homeostasis and inherent neuronal activities favorable to brain maturation, ranging from neuronal differentiation, migration, and myelination to synaptic formation and elimination. Progressively more studies in Mammalia have provided the underlying mechanisms involved in some REM sleep-related disorders (e.g., narcolepsy, autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)). We summarize the remarkable alterations of polysomnographic, behavioral, and physiological characteristics in humans and Mammalia. Through a comprehensive review, we offer a hybrid of animal and human findings, demonstrating that early-life REM sleep disturbances constitute a common feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Our review may assist and promote investigations of the underlying mechanisms, functions, and neurodevelopmental diseases involved in REM sleep during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Xian Gao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Nong Chen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Fan Xie
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ping Xie
- Sleep Medicine Center of Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Karen Spruyt
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot–INSERM, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier–Neurocampus Michel Jouvet, 95 Boulevard Pinel, CEDEX, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Yu-Feng Shao
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier–Neurocampus Michel Jouvet, 95 Boulevard Pinel, CEDEX, 69675 Bron, France
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Departments of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang Xi Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Lab of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Dastgheib M, Kulanayagam A, Dringenberg HC. Is the role of sleep in memory consolidation overrated? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104799. [PMID: 35905801 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Substantial empirical evidence suggests that sleep benefits the consolidation and reorganization of learned information. Consequently, the concept of "sleep-dependent memory consolidation" is now widely accepted by the scientific community, in addition to influencing public perceptions regarding the functions of sleep. There are, however, numerous studies that have presented findings inconsistent with the sleep-memory hypothesis. Here, we challenge the notion of "sleep-dependency" by summarizing evidence for effective memory consolidation independent of sleep. Plasticity mechanisms thought to mediate or facilitate consolidation during sleep (e.g., neuronal replay, reactivation, slow oscillations, neurochemical milieu) also operate during non-sleep states, particularly quiet wakefulness, thus allowing for the stabilization of new memories. We propose that it is not sleep per se, but the engagement of plasticity mechanisms, active during both sleep and (at least some) waking states, that constitutes the critical factor determining memory formation. Thus, rather than playing a "critical" role, sleep falls along a continuum of behavioral states that vary in their effectiveness to support memory consolidation at the neural and behavioral level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans C Dringenberg
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Parmar S, Tadavarty R, Sastry BR. G-protein coupled receptors and synaptic plasticity in sleep deprivation. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:954-980. [PMID: 34888167 PMCID: PMC8613756 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i11.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep has been correlated to many physiological and psychoneurological disorders. Over the years, our understanding of the state of sleep has transcended from an inactive period of rest to a more active state involving important cellular and molecular processes. In addition, during sleep, electrophysiological changes also occur in pathways in specific regions of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Activity mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS can lead to long-term and sometimes permanent strengthening and/or weakening synaptic strength affecting neuronal network behaviour. Memory consolidation and learning that take place during sleep cycles, can be affected by changes in synaptic plasticity during sleep disturbances. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), with their versatile structural and functional attributes, can regulate synaptic plasticity in CNS and hence, may be potentially affected in sleep deprived conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss important functional changes that can take place in the CNS during sleep and sleep deprivation and how changes in GPCRs can lead to potential problems with therapeutics with pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Parmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ramakrishna Tadavarty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bhagavatula R Sastry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Czarnecki P, Lin J, Aton SJ, Zochowski M. Dynamical Mechanism Underlying Scale-Free Network Reorganization in Low Acetylcholine States Corresponding to Slow Wave Sleep. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 1:759131. [PMID: 35785148 PMCID: PMC9249096 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.759131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is indispensable for most animals' cognitive functions, and is hypothesized to be a major factor in memory consolidation. Although we do not fully understand the mechanisms of network reorganisation driving memory consolidation, available data suggests that sleep-associated neurochemical changes may be important for such processes. In particular, global acetylcholine levels change across the sleep/wake cycle, with high cholinergic tone during wake and REM sleep and low cholinergic tone during slow wave sleep. Furthermore, experimental perturbation of cholinergic tone has been shown to impact memory storage. Through in silico modeling of neuronal networks, we show how spiking dynamics change in highly heterogenous networks under varying levels of cholinergic tone, with neuronal networks under high cholinergic modulation firing asynchronously and at high frequencies, while those under low cholinergic modulation exhibit synchronous patterns of activity. We further examined the network's dynamics and its reorganization mediated via changing levels of acetylcholine within the context of different scale-free topologies, comparing network activity within the hub cells, a small group of neurons having high degree connectivity, and with the rest of the network. We show a dramatic, state-dependent change in information flow throughout the network, with highly active hub cells integrating information in a high-acetylcholine state, and transferring it to rest of the network in a low-acetylcholine state. This result is experimentally corroborated by frequency-dependent frequency changes observed in vivo experiments. Together, these findings provide insight into how new neurons are recruited into memory traces during sleep, a mechanism which may underlie system memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Czarnecki
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jack Lin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara J. Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michal Zochowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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12
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Pei W, Meng F, Deng Q, Zhang B, Gu Y, Jiao B, Xu H, Tan J, Zhou X, Li Z, He G, Ruan J, Ding Y. Electroacupuncture promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons and improvement of sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1472-1482. [PMID: 34623740 PMCID: PMC8611786 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) promotes the survival and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons by activating brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine receptor kinase (TrkB)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) signaling, thereby improving spatial memory deficits in rats under SD. Methods In vivo, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect the effect of EA on learning and memory, at the same time Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to explore the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and synapses, and the expression of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling. In vitro, cultured hippocampal neurons were treated with exogenous BDNF and the TrkB inhibitor K252a to confirm the relationship between BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling and synaptic plasticity. Results Our results showed that EA mitigated the loss of hippocampal neurons and synapses, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved learning and memory of rats under SD accompanied by upregulation of BDNF and increased phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk. In cultured hippocampal neurons, exogenous BDNF enhanced the expression of synaptic proteins, the frequency of the postsynaptic currents, and the phosphorylation of TrkB and Erk; these effects were reversed by treatment with K252a. Conclusions Electroacupuncture alleviates SD‐induced spatial memory impairment by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of BDNF/TrkB/Erk signaling, which provided evidence for EA as a therapeutic strategy for countering the adverse effects of SD on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baobao Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Guangzhou Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Jiao
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiuqing Tan
- Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanheng He
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Ruan
- Department of Acupuncture, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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van Hasselt SJ, Rusche M, Vyssotski AL, Verhulst S, Rattenborg NC, Meerlo P. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) shows signs of NREM sleep homeostasis but has very little REM sleep and no REM sleep homeostasis. Sleep 2021; 43:5682807. [PMID: 31863116 PMCID: PMC7294413 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of our knowledge about the regulation and function of sleep is based on studies in a restricted number of mammalian species, particularly nocturnal rodents. Hence, there is still much to learn from comparative studies in other species. Birds are interesting because they appear to share key aspects of sleep with mammals, including the presence of two different forms of sleep, i.e. non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We examined sleep architecture and sleep homeostasis in the European starling, using miniature dataloggers for electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Under controlled laboratory conditions with a 12:12 h light-dark cycle, the birds displayed a pronounced daily rhythm in sleep and wakefulness with most sleep occurring during the dark phase. Sleep mainly consisted of NREM sleep. In fact, the amount of REM sleep added up to only 1~2% of total sleep time. Animals were subjected to 4 or 8 h sleep deprivation to assess sleep homeostatic responses. Sleep deprivation induced changes in subsequent NREM sleep EEG spectral qualities for several hours, with increased spectral power from 1.17 Hz up to at least 25 Hz. In contrast, power below 1.17 Hz was decreased after sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation also resulted in a small compensatory increase in NREM sleep time the next day. Changes in EEG spectral power and sleep time were largely similar after 4 and 8 h sleep deprivation. REM sleep was not noticeably compensated after sleep deprivation. In conclusion, starlings display signs of NREM sleep homeostasis but the results do not support the notion of important REM sleep functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J van Hasselt
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Rusche
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Verhulst
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Frank MG. The Ontogenesis of Mammalian Sleep: Form and Function. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2020; 6:267-279. [PMID: 33816063 PMCID: PMC8014960 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present an up-to-date review and synthesis of findings about perinatal sleep development and function. I discuss landmark events in sleep ontogenesis, evidence that sleep promotes brain development and plasticity, and experimental considerations in this topic. RECENT FINDINGS Mammalian sleep undergoes dramatic changes in expression and regulation during perinatal development. This includes a progressive decrease in rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep time, corresponding increases in nonREM sleep and wake time, and the appearance of mature sleep regulatory processes (homeostatic and circadian). These developmental events coincide with periods of rapid brain maturation and heightened synaptic plasticity. The latter involve an initial experience-independent phase, when circuit development is guided by spontaneous activity, and later occurring critical periods, when these circuits are shaped by experience. SUMMARY These ontogenetic changes suggest important interactions between sleep and brain development. More specifically, sleep may promote developmental programs of synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning and influence the opening and closing of critical periods of brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Frank
- Washington State University Spokane, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science Building 213, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd
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15
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Qin DD, Feng SF, Zhang FY, Wang N, Sun WJ, Zhou Y, Xiong TF, Xu XL, Yang XT, Zhang X, Zhu X, Hu XT, Xiong L, Liu Y, Chen YC. Potential use of actigraphy to measure sleep in monkeys: comparison with behavioral analysis from videography. Zool Res 2020; 41:437-443. [PMID: 32400976 PMCID: PMC7340525 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is indispensable for human health, with sleep disorders initiating a cascade of negative consequences. As our closest phylogenetic relatives, non-human primates (NHPs) are invaluable for comparative sleep studies and exhibit tremendous potential for improving our understanding of human sleep and related disorders. Previous work on measuring sleep in NHPs has mostly used electroencephalography or videography. In this study, simultaneous videography and actigraphy were applied to observe sleep patterns in 10 cynomolgus monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) over seven nights (12 h per night). The durations of wake, transitional sleep, and relaxed sleep were scored by analysis of animal behaviors from videography and actigraphy data, using the same behavioral criteria for each state, with findings then compared. Here, results indicated that actigraphy constituted a reliable approach for scoring the state of sleep in monkeys and showed a significant correlation with that scored by videography. Epoch-by-epoch analysis further indicated that actigraphy was more suitable for scoring the state of relaxed sleep, correctly identifying 97.57% of relaxed sleep in comparison with video analysis. Only 34 epochs (0.13%) and 611 epochs (2.30%) were differently interpreted as wake and transitional sleep compared with videography analysis. The present study validated the behavioral criteria and actigraphy methodology for scoring sleep, which can be considered as a useful and a complementary technique to electroencephalography and/or videography analysis for sleep studies in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Qin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shu-Fei Feng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Fei-Yu Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Na Wang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Teng-Fang Xiong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xian-Lai Xu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xin-Tian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China. E-mail:
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. E-mail:
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16
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17
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Gilad R, Shapiro C. Sleep and Development. Health (London) 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2020.126049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Raven F, Heckman PRA, Havekes R, Meerlo P. Sleep deprivation-induced impairment of memory consolidation is not mediated by glucocorticoid stress hormones. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12972. [PMID: 31845433 PMCID: PMC7539978 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The general consensus is that sleep promotes neuronal recovery and plasticity, whereas sleep deprivation (SD) impairs brain function, including cognitive processes. Indeed, a wealth of data has shown a negative impact of SD on learning and memory processes, particularly those that involve the hippocampus. The mechanisms underlying these negative effects of sleep loss are only partly understood, but a reoccurring question is whether they are in part caused by stress hormones that may be released during SD. The purpose of the present study is therefore to examine the role of glucocorticoid stress hormones in SD‐induced memory impairment. Male C57BL/6J mice were trained in an object‐location memory paradigm, followed by 6 hr of SD by mild stimulation. At the beginning of the SD mice were injected with the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone. Memory was tested 24 hr after training. Blood samples taken in a separate group of mice showed that SD resulted in a mild but significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels, which was prevented by metyrapone. However, the SD‐induced impairment in object‐location memory was not prevented by metyrapone treatment. This indicates that glucocorticoids play no role in causing the memory impairments seen after a short period of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Raven
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Eydipour Z, Nasehi M, Vaseghi S, Jamaldini SH, Zarrindast MR. The role of 5-HT4 serotonin receptors in the CA1 hippocampal region on memory acquisition impairment induced by total (TSD) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD). Physiol Behav 2019; 215:112788. [PMID: 31863855 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a circadian rhythm that is modulated by endogenous circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Sleep modulates memory acquisition and promotes memory consolidation. Studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) impairs different types of memory including passive avoidance. Furthermore, the hippocampus plays a significant role in modulating passive avoidance memory. On the other hand, 5-HT4 receptors are expressed in the hippocampus and involved in learning and memory processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CA1 hippocampal 5-HT4 receptors in memory acquisition impairment induced by total sleep deprivation (TSD: 24 h) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD: 24 h). The water box apparatus was used to induce TSD, while multi-platform apparatus was applied to induce RSD. Passive avoidance memory test was also used to evaluate memory acquisition. The results showed that, intra-CA1 pre-training injection of RS67333 (5-HT4 agonist) and RS23597 (5-HT4 antagonist) at the doses of 0.01 and 0.1 µg/rat decreased memory acquisition, but did not alter pain perception and locomotor activity. Furthermore, TSD and RSD decreased memory acquisition; however, only TSD decreased locomotor activity and induced analgesic effect. The sub-threshold doses of RS67333 and RS23597, 0.001 and 0.0001 µg/rat, respectively, reversed the effect of TSD on memory acquisition and locomotor activity. In addition, only RS23597 reversed TSD-induced analgesia. In RSD condition, the subthreshold dose of RS23597 improved RSD-induced memory acquisition deficit. In conclusion, CA1 hippocampal 5-HT4 receptors play an important role in TSD/RSD-induced cognitive alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Eydipour
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Jamaldini
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
During sleep, animals do not eat, reproduce or forage. Sleeping animals are vulnerable to predation. Yet, the persistence of sleep despite evolutionary pressures, and the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation, indicate that sleep serves a function or functions that cannot easily be bypassed. Recent research demonstrates sleep to be phylogenetically far more pervasive than previously appreciated; it is possible that the very first animals slept. Here, we give an overview of sleep across various species, with the aim of determining its original purpose. Sleep exists in animals without cephalized nervous systems and can be influenced by non-neuronal signals, including those associated with metabolic rhythms. Together, these observations support the notion that sleep serves metabolic functions in neural and non-neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology and the Program for Chronobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Ämmälä AJ, Urrila AS, Lahtinen A, Santangeli O, Hakkarainen A, Kantojärvi K, Castaneda AE, Lundbom N, Marttunen M, Paunio T. Epigenetic dysregulation of genes related to synaptic long-term depression among adolescents with depressive disorder and sleep symptoms. Sleep Med 2019; 61:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Recent data have shown that sleep plays a beneficial role for cognitive functions such as declarative memory consolidation and perceptual learning. In this article, we review recent findings on the role of sleep in promoting adaptive visual response changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex following novel visual experiences. We discuss these findings in the context of what is currently known about how sleep affects the activity and function of thalamocortical circuits and current hypotheses regarding how sleep facilitates synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Durkin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
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23
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Executive Functions and Their Relation to Sleep Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Preschoolers. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24:769-780. [PMID: 30113277 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617718000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood is known to impact children's executive functioning. However, few studies have focused specifically on executive functioning after preschool TBI. TBI has also been associated with sleep disturbances, which are known to impair executive functions in healthy children. The aim of this study was to investigate executive functions in preschoolers with mild TBI, and to determine the role of sleep in the links between TBI and executive functioning. METHODS The sample was drawn from a longitudinal study and included 167 children, aged 18 to 60 months, divided into 2 groups: children with accidental mild TBI (n=84) and typically developing children (n=83). Children were assessed 6 months post-injury on executive function measures (inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and sleep measures (actigraphy data and parental rating of sleep problems). RESULTS The two groups did not differ in their executive abilities. However, relative to controls, children with mild TBI and shorter nighttime sleep duration or increased sleep problems exhibited poorer executive functions. CONCLUSIONS These results support a "double hazard" effect, whereby the combination of sleep disturbances and mild TBI results in poorer executive functions. The findings highlight the importance of assessing and monitoring the quality of sleep even after mild head injuries. Poor sleep may place children at risk for increased cognitive difficulties. (JINS, 2018, 24, 769-780).
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Sleep-dependent enhancement of emotional memory in early childhood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12609. [PMID: 30135458 PMCID: PMC6105691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Naps in early childhood support declarative memory consolidation. However, emotional memories are unique in the neural basis of encoding as well as the sleep physiology underlying consolidation. Specifically, while consolidation of declarative memories has been associated with slow wave sleep, a prevailing theory suggests that REM sleep is necessary for consolidation of memories with emotional valence. Thus, we presented children (34-64 months) with faces paired with mean or nice descriptions. There were no significant main effects of emotional valence on recognition memory. Change in memory accuracy also did not differ when probed after a nap compared to the change in memory accuracy after an interval awake. However, when memory was probed again following overnight sleep, the change in memory accuracy was greater if the child napped the previous day. Greater nap slow wave activity was associated with greater memory decay during the nap. Yet nap slow wave activity also predicted greater overnight improvement in memory. These results suggest that sleep bouts can interact to benefit memory in early childhood.
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25
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Renouard L, Bridi MCD, Coleman T, Arckens L, Frank MG. Anatomical correlates of rapid eye movement sleep-dependent plasticity in the developing cortex. Sleep 2018; 41:5042994. [PMID: 31796959 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is expressed at its highest levels during early life when the brain is rapidly developing. This suggests that REM sleep may play important roles in brain maturation and developmental plasticity. We investigated this possibility by examining the role of REM sleep in the regulation of plasticity-related proteins known to govern synaptic plasticity in vitro and in vivo. We combined immunohistochemistry with a classic model of experience-dependent plasticity in the developing brain known to be consolidated during sleep. We found that after the developing visual cortex is triggered to remodel, it is reactivated during REM sleep (as measured by FOS+ and ARC+ cells). This is accompanied by expression of several proteins implicated in synaptic long-term potentiation (PSD95 and phosphorylated (p), mTOR, cofilin, and CREB) across the different cortical layers. These changes did not occur in animals deprived of REM sleep, but were preserved in control animals that were instead awakened in non- (N) REM sleep. Collectively, these findings support a role for REM sleep in developmental brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Renouard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Michelle C D Bridi
- Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tammi Coleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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26
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Rattenborg NC, de la Iglesia HO, Kempenaers B, Lesku JA, Meerlo P, Scriba MF. Sleep research goes wild: new methods and approaches to investigate the ecology, evolution and functions of sleep. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0251. [PMID: 28993495 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a prominent aspect of animal life, sleep and its functions remain poorly understood. As with any biological process, the functions of sleep can only be fully understood when examined in the ecological context in which they evolved. Owing to technological constraints, until recently, sleep has primarily been examined in the artificial laboratory environment. However, new tools are enabling researchers to study sleep behaviour and neurophysiology in the wild. Here, we summarize the various methods that have enabled sleep researchers to go wild, their strengths and weaknesses, and the discoveries resulting from these first steps outside the laboratory. The initial studies to 'go wild' have revealed a wealth of interindividual variation in sleep, and shown that sleep duration is not even fixed within an individual, but instead varies in response to an assortment of ecological demands. Determining the costs and benefits of this inter- and intraindividual variation in sleep may reveal clues to the functions of sleep. Perhaps the greatest surprise from these initial studies is that the reduction in neurobehavioural performance resulting from sleep loss demonstrated in the laboratory is not an obligatory outcome of reduced sleep in the wild.This article is part of the themed issue 'Wild clocks: integrating chronobiology and ecology to understand timekeeping in free-living animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | | | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
| | - John A Lesku
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Meerlo
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine F Scriba
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Chi-Castañeda D, Ortega A. Glial Cells in the Genesis and Regulation of Circadian Rhythms. Front Physiol 2018; 9:88. [PMID: 29483880 PMCID: PMC5816069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are biological oscillations with a period of ~24 h. These rhythms are orchestrated by a circadian timekeeper in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, the circadian "master clock," which exactly adjusts clock outputs to solar time via photic synchronization. At the molecular level, circadian rhythms are generated by the interaction of positive and negative feedback loops of transcriptional and translational processes of the so-called "clock genes." A large number of clock genes encode numerous proteins that regulate their own transcription and that of other genes, collectively known as "clock-controlled genes." In addition to the sleep/wake cycle, many cellular processes are regulated by circadian rhythms, including synaptic plasticity in which an exquisite interplay between neurons and glial cells takes place. In particular, there is compelling evidence suggesting that glial cells participate in and regulate synaptic plasticity in a circadian fashion, possibly representing the missing cellular and physiological link between circadian rhythms with learning and cognition processes. Here we review recent studies in support of this hypothesis, focusing on the interplay between glial cells, synaptic plasticity, and circadian rhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donají Chi-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Soluciones para un México Verde S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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28
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Cortical Up states induce the selective weakening of subthreshold synaptic inputs. Nat Commun 2017; 8:665. [PMID: 28939859 PMCID: PMC5610171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow-wave sleep is thought to be important for retuning cortical synapses, but the cellular mechanisms remain unresolved. During slow-wave activity, cortical neurons display synchronized transitions between depolarized Up states and hyperpolarized Down states. Here, using recordings from LIII pyramidal neurons from acute slices of mouse medial entorhinal cortex, we find that subthreshold inputs arriving during the Up state undergo synaptic weakening. This does not reflect a process of global synaptic downscaling, as it is dependent on presynaptic spiking, with network state encoded in the synaptically evoked spine Ca2+ responses. Our data indicate that the induction of synaptic weakening is under postsynaptic control, as it can be prevented by correlated postsynaptic spiking activity, and depends on postsynaptic NMDA receptors and GSK3β activity. This provides a mechanism by which slow-wave activity might bias synapses towards weakening, while preserving the synaptic connections within active neuronal assemblies. Slow oscillations between cortical Up and Down states are a defining feature of deep sleep, but their function is not well understood. Here the authors study Up/Down states in acute slices of entorhinal cortex, and find that Up states promote the weakening of subthreshold synaptic inputs, while suprathreshold inputs are preserved or strengthened.
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29
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Kumar P, Raza K, Prasoon P, Dantham S, Mochan S. Regulatory role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:649-673. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNerve growth factors (NGFs), especially the prototype NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have a diverse array of functions in the central nervous system through their peculiar set of receptors and intricate signaling. They are implicated not only in the development of the nervous system but also in regulation of neurocognitive functions like learning, memory, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Evidence even suggests their role in continued neurogenesis and experience-dependent neural network remodeling in adult brain. They have also been associated extensively with brain disorders characterized by neurocognitive dysfunction. In the present article, we aimed to make an exhaustive review of literature to get a comprehensive view on the role of NGFs in neurocognitive functions in health and disease. Starting with historical perspective, distribution in adult brain, implied molecular mechanisms, and developmental basis, this article further provides a detailed account of NGFs’ role in specified neurocognitive functions. Furthermore, it discusses plausible NGF-based homeostatic and adaptation mechanisms operating in the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders and has presents a survey of such disorders. Finally, it elaborates on current evidence and future possibilities in therapeutic applications of NGFs with an emphasis on recent research updates in drug delivery mechanisms. Conclusive remarks of the article make a strong case for plausible role of NGFs in comprehensive regulation of the neurocognitive functions and pathogenesis of related disorders and advocate that future research should be directed to explore use of NGF-based mechanisms in the prevention of implicated diseases as well as to target these molecules pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Karaikal, Puducherry 609602, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Khursheed Raza
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Subrahamanyam Dantham
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sankat Mochan
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India
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30
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Influence of cued-fear conditioning and its impairment on NREM sleep. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 144:155-165. [PMID: 28733208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that fear conditioning influences sleep. It is, however, not known if the changes in sleep architecture after fear conditioning are essentially associated with the consolidation of fearful memory or with fear itself. Here, we have observed that within sleep, NREM sleep consistently remained augmented after the consolidation of cued fear-conditioned memory. But a similar change did not occur after impairing memory consolidation by blocking new protein synthesis and glutamate transmission between glial-neuronal loop in the lateral amygdala (LA). Anisomycin (a protein synthesis inhibitor) and DL-α-amino-adipic acid (DL- α -AA) (a glial glutamine synthetase enzyme inhibitor) were microinjected into the LA soon after cued fear-conditioning to induce memory impairment. On the post-conditioning day, animals in both the groups exhibited significantly less freezing. In memory-consolidated groups (vehicle groups), NREM sleep significantly increased during 2nd to 5th hours after training compared to their baseline days. However, in memory impaired groups (anisomycin and DL- α -AA microinjected groups), similar changes were not observed. Our results thus suggest that changes in sleep architecture after cued fear-conditioning are indeed a consolidation dependent event.
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31
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Cheung CHM, Bedford R, Saez De Urabain IR, Karmiloff-Smith A, Smith TJ. Daily touchscreen use in infants and toddlers is associated with reduced sleep and delayed sleep onset. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46104. [PMID: 28406474 PMCID: PMC5390665 DOI: 10.1038/srep46104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional screen time (e.g. TV and videogaming) has been linked to sleep problems and poorer developmental outcomes in children. With the advent of portable touchscreen devices, this association may be extending down in age to disrupt the sleep of infants and toddlers, an age when sleep is essential for cognitive development. However, this association has not been demonstrated empirically. This study aims to examine whether frequency of touchscreen use is associated with sleep in infants and toddlers between 6 and 36 months of age. An online survey was administered to 715 parents reporting on child media use (daily exposure to TV and use of touchscreens), sleep patterns (night-time and daytime sleep duration, sleep onset - time to fall asleep, and frequencies of night awakenings). Structural equation models controlling for age, sex, TV exposure and maternal education indicated a significant association between touchscreen use and night-time sleep, daytime sleep and sleep onset. No significant effect was observed for the number of night awakenings. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking the use of touchscreen with sleep problems in infants and toddlers. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the direction of effects and the mechanisms underlying these associations using detailed sleep tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste H M Cheung
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rachael Bedford
- Biostatistics Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tim J Smith
- Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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32
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Simor A, Györffy BA, Gulyássy P, Völgyi K, Tóth V, Todorov MI, Kis V, Borhegyi Z, Szabó Z, Janáky T, Drahos L, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. The short- and long-term proteomic effects of sleep deprivation on the cortical and thalamic synapses. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 79:64-80. [PMID: 28087334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute total sleep deprivation (SD) impairs memory consolidation, attention, working memory and perception. Structural, electrophysiological and molecular experimental approaches provided evidences for the involvement of sleep in synaptic functions. Despite the wide scientific interest on the effects of sleep on the synapse, there is a lack of systematic investigation of sleep-related changes in the synaptic proteome. We isolated parietal cortical and thalamic synaptosomes of rats after 8h of total SD by gentle handling and 16h after the end of deprivation to investigate the short- and longer-term effects of SD on the synaptic proteome, respectively. The SD efficiency was verified by electrophysiology. Protein abundance alterations of the synaptosomes were analyzed by fluorescent two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and by tandem mass spectrometry. As several altered proteins were found to be involved in synaptic strength regulation, our data can support the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis function of sleep and highlight the long-term influence of SD after the recovery sleep period, mostly on cortical synapses. Furthermore, the large-scale and brain area-specific protein network change in the synapses may support both ideas of sleep-related synaptogenesis and molecular maintenance and reorganization in normal rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Simor
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs András Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Gulyássy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Völgyi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Tóth
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Borhegyi
- MTA-ELTE-NAP B Opto-Neuropharmacology Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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33
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Fraize N, Carponcy J, Joseph MA, Comte JC, Luppi PH, Libourel PA, Salin PA, Malleret G, Parmentier R. Levels of Interference in Long and Short-Term Memory Differentially Modulate Non-REM and REM Sleep. Sleep 2016; 39:2173-2188. [PMID: 27748246 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES It is commonly accepted that sleep is beneficial to memory processes, but it is still unclear if this benefit originates from improved memory consolidation or enhanced information processing. It has thus been proposed that sleep may also promote forgetting of undesirable and non-essential memories, a process required for optimization of cognitive resources. We tested the hypothesis that non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) promotes forgetting of irrelevant information, more specifically when processing information in working memory (WM), while REM sleep (REMS) facilitates the consolidation of important information. METHODS We recorded sleep patterns of rats trained in a radial maze in three different tasks engaging either the long-term or short-term storage of information, as well as a gradual level of interference. RESULTS We observed a transient increase in REMS amount on the day the animal learned the rule of a long-term/reference memory task (RM), and, in contrast, a positive correlation between the performance of rats trained in a WM task involving an important processing of interference and the amount of NREMS or slow wave activity. Various oscillatory events were also differentially modulated by the type of training involved. Notably, NREMS spindles and REMS rapid theta increase with RM training, while sharp-wave ripples increase with all types of training. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that REMS, but also rapid oscillations occurring during NREMS would be specifically implicated in the long-term memory in RM, whereas NREMS and slow oscillations could be involved in the forgetting of irrelevant information required for WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fraize
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Carponcy
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mickaël Antoine Joseph
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- Biphoton Internal Facility, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- Pathophysiology of the Neural Networks of the Sleep/Wake Cycle, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Pathophysiology of the Neural Networks of the Sleep/Wake Cycle, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Salin
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Biphoton Internal Facility, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gaël Malleret
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Régis Parmentier
- Forgetting and Cortical Dynamics, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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34
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Emrick JJ, Gross BA, Riley BT, Poe GR. Different Simultaneous Sleep States in the Hippocampus and Neocortex. Sleep 2016; 39:2201-2209. [PMID: 27748240 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Investigators assign sleep-waking states using brain activity collected from a single site, with the assumption that states occur at the same time throughout the brain. We sought to determine if sleep-waking states differ between two separate structures: the hippocampus and neocortex. METHODS We measured electrical signals (electroencephalograms and electromyograms) during sleep from the hippocampus and neocortex of five freely behaving adult male rats. We assigned sleep-waking states in 10-sec epochs based on standard scoring criteria across a 4-h recording, then analyzed and compared states and signals from simultaneous epochs between sites. RESULTS We found that the total amount of each state, assigned independently using the hippocampal and neocortical signals, was similar between the hippocampus and neocortex. However, states at simultaneous epochs were different as often as they were the same (P = 0.82). Furthermore, we found that the progression of states often flowed through asynchronous state-pairs led by the hippocampus. For example, the hippocampus progressed from transition-to-rapid eye movement sleep to rapid eye movement sleep before the neocortex more often than in synchrony with the neocortex (38.7 ± 16.2% versus 15.8 ± 5.6% mean ± standard error of the mean). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that hippocampal and neocortical sleep-waking states often differ in the same epoch. Consequently, electrode location affects estimates of sleep architecture, state transition timing, and perhaps even percentage of time in sleep states. Therefore, under normal conditions, models assuming brain state homogeneity should not be applied to the sleeping or waking brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gina R Poe
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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35
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Sharma VK, Sharma P, Deshmukh R, Singh R. Age Associated Sleep Loss: A Trigger For Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20140909070449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Government College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Rohru, Distt Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India
| | | | | | - Ranjit Singh
- Government College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Rohru, Distt Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India
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36
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Circadian Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5030031. [PMID: 27420105 PMCID: PMC5037350 DOI: 10.3390/biology5030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms refer to oscillations in biological processes with a period of approximately 24 h. In addition to the sleep/wake cycle, there are circadian rhythms in metabolism, body temperature, hormone output, organ function and gene expression. There is also evidence of circadian rhythms in synaptic plasticity, in some cases driven by a master central clock and in other cases by peripheral clocks. In this article, I review the evidence for circadian influences on synaptic plasticity. I also discuss ways to disentangle the effects of brain state and rhythms on synaptic plasticity.
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37
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Frank MG, Benington JH. The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation and Brain Plasticity: Dream or Reality? Neuroscientist 2016; 12:477-88. [PMID: 17079514 DOI: 10.1177/1073858406293552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The notion that a good night of sleep improves memory is widely accepted by the general public. Among sleep scientists, however, the idea has been hotly debated for decades. In this review, the authors consider current evidence for and against the hypothesis that sleep facilitates memory consolidation and promotes plastic changes in the brain. They find that despite a steady accumulation of positive findings over the past decade, the precise role of sleep in memory and brain plasticity remains elusive. This impasse may be resolved by more integrated approaches that combine behavioral and neurophysiological measurements in well-described in vivo models of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Frank
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6074, USA.
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38
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Delayed benefit of naps on motor learning in preschool children. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:763-72. [PMID: 26645305 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep benefits memory consolidation across a variety of domains in young adults. However, while declarative memories benefit from sleep in young children, such improvements are not consistently seen for procedural skill learning. Here we examined whether performance improvements on a procedural task, although not immediately observed, are evident after a longer delay when augmented by overnight sleep (24 h after learning). We trained 47 children, aged 33-71 months, on a serial reaction time task and, using a within-subject design, evaluated performance at three time points: immediately after learning, after a daytime nap (nap condition) or equivalent wake opportunity (wake condition), and 24 h after learning. Consistent with previous studies, performance improvements following the nap did not differ from performance improvements following an equivalent interval spent awake. However, significant benefits of the nap were found when performance was assessed 24 h after learning. This research demonstrates that motor skill learning is benefited by sleep, but that this benefit is only evident after an extended period of time.
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39
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation and aging: Effects on spatial learning and memory after sleep deprivation in Octodon degus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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40
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Cognitive Impairment After Sleep Deprivation Rescued by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Application in Octodon degus. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:361-71. [PMID: 26194615 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is indispensable for maintaining regular daily life activities and is of fundamental physiological importance for cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation (SD) may affect learning capacity and the ability to form new memories, particularly with regard to hippocampus-dependent tasks. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure of electromagnetic induction that generates electric currents, activating nearby nerve cells in the stimulated cortical area. Several studies have looked into the potential therapeutic use of TMS. The present study was designed to evaluate how TMS could improve learning and memory functions following SD in Octodon degus. Thirty juvenile (18 months old) females were divided into three groups (control, acute, and chronic TMS treatment-with and without SD). TMS-treated groups were placed in plastic cylindrical cages designed to keep them immobile, while receiving head magnetic stimulation. SD was achieved by gently handling the animals to keep them awake during the night. Behavioral tests included radial arm maze (RAM), Barnes maze (BM), and novel object recognition. When TMS treatment was applied over several days, there was significant improvement of cognitive performance after SD, with no side effects. A single TMS session reduced the number of errors for the RAM test and improved latency and reduced errors for the BM test, which both evaluate spatial memory. Moreover, chronic TMS treatment brings about a significant improvement in both spatial and working memories.
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41
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Kreutzmann JC, Havekes R, Abel T, Meerlo P. Sleep deprivation and hippocampal vulnerability: changes in neuronal plasticity, neurogenesis and cognitive function. Neuroscience 2015; 309:173-90. [PMID: 25937398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the ongoing fundamental controversy about the physiological function of sleep, there is general consensus that sleep benefits neuronal plasticity, which ultimately supports brain function and cognition. In agreement with this are numerous studies showing that sleep deprivation (SD) results in learning and memory impairments. Interestingly, such impairments appear to occur particularly when these learning and memory processes require the hippocampus, suggesting that this brain region may be particularly sensitive to the consequences of sleep loss. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep and memory formation remain to be investigated, available evidence suggests that SD may impair hippocampal neuronal plasticity and memory processes by attenuating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling which may lead to alterations in cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated gene transcription, neurotrophic signaling, and glutamate receptor expression. When restricted sleep becomes a chronic condition, it causes a reduction of hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis, which may eventually lead to a reduction in hippocampal volume. Ultimately, by impairing hippocampal plasticity and function, chronically restricted and disrupted sleep contributes to cognitive disorders and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kreutzmann
- Center for Behavior and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - R Havekes
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - T Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - P Meerlo
- Center for Behavior and Neurosciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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42
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Pugin F, Metz AJ, Wolf M, Achermann P, Jenni OG, Huber R. Local increase of sleep slow wave activity after three weeks of working memory training in children and adolescents. Sleep 2015; 38:607-14. [PMID: 25669190 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evidence is accumulating that electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep slow wave activity (SWA), the key characteristic of deep sleep, is regulated not only globally, but also locally. Several studies have shown local learning- and use-dependent changes in SWA. In vitro and in vivo animal experiments and studies in humans indicate that these local changes in SWA reflect synaptic plasticity. During maturation, when synaptic changes are most prominent, learning is of utmost importance. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine whether intensive working memory training for 3 w would lead to a local increase of sleep SWA using high-density EEG recordings in children and young adolescents. SETTING Sleep laboratory at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen healthy subjects between 10 and 16 y. INTERVENTIONS Three weeks of intensive working memory training. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS After intensive working memory training, sleep SWA was increased in a small left frontoparietal cluster (11.06 ± 1.24%, mean ± standard error of the mean). In addition, the local increase correlated positively with increased working memory performance assessed immediately (r = 0.66) and 2 to 5 mo (r = 0.68) after the training. CONCLUSIONS The increase in slow wave activity (SWA) correlates with cognitive training-induced plasticity in a region known to be involved in working memory performance. Thus, in future, the mapping of sleep SWA may be used to longitudinally monitor the effects of working memory training in children and adolescents with working memory deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Pugin
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Metz
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Chronobiology and Sleep Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Ravassard P, Hamieh AM, Joseph MA, Fraize N, Libourel PA, Lebarillier L, Arthaud S, Meissirel C, Touret M, Malleret G, Salin PA. REM Sleep-Dependent Bidirectional Regulation of Hippocampal-Based Emotional Memory and LTP. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1488-1500. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Abstract
Sleep is hypothesized to play an integral role in brain plasticity. This has traditionally been investigated using behavioral assays. In the last 10-15 years, studies combining sleep measurements with in vitro and in vivo models of synaptic plasticity have provided exciting new insights into how sleep alters synaptic strength. In addition, new theories have been proposed that integrate older ideas about sleep function and recent discoveries in the field of synaptic plasticity. There remain, however, important challenges and unanswered questions. For example, sleep does not appear to have a single effect on synaptic strength. An unbiased review of the literature indicates that the effects of sleep vary widely depending on ontogenetic stage, the type of waking experience (or stimulation protocols) that precede sleep and the type of neuronal synapse under examination. In this review, I discuss these key findings in the context of current theories that posit different roles for sleep in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G Frank
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 215 Stemmler Hall, 35th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6074, USA,
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45
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Abstract
Stress is considered to be an important cause of disrupted sleep and insomnia. However, controlled and experimental studies in rodents indicate that effects of stress on sleep-wake regulation are complex and may strongly depend on the nature of the stressor. While most stressors are associated with at least a brief period of arousal and wakefulness, the subsequent amount and architecture of recovery sleep can vary dramatically across conditions even though classical markers of acute stress such as corticosterone are virtually the same. Sleep after stress appears to be highly influenced by situational variables including whether the stressor was controllable and/or predictable, whether the individual had the possibility to learn and adapt, and by the relative resilience and vulnerability of the individual experiencing stress. There are multiple brain regions and neurochemical systems linking stress and sleep, and the specific balance and interactions between these systems may ultimately determine the alterations in sleep-wake architecture. Factors that appear to play an important role in stress-induced wakefulness and sleep changes include various monominergic neurotransmitters, hypocretins, corticotropin releasing factor, and prolactin. In addition to the brain regions directly involved in stress responses such as the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and the amygdala, differential effects of stressor controllability on behavior and sleep may be mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex. These various brain regions interact and influence each other and in turn affect the activity of sleep-wake controlling centers in the brain. Also, these regions likely play significant roles in memory processes and participate in the way stressful memories may affect arousal and sleep. Finally, stress-induced changes in sleep-architecture may affect sleep-related neuronal plasticity processes and thereby contribute to cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry D Sanford
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, P.O. Box 1980, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA,
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46
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Frank MG, Cantera R. Sleep, clocks, and synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:491-501. [PMID: 25087980 PMCID: PMC4152403 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is widely believed to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity. However, the precise mechanisms governing this presumptive function are largely unknown. There is also evidence for independent circadian oscillations in synaptic strength and morphology. Therefore, synaptic changes observed after sleep reflect interactions between state-dependent (e.g., wake versus sleep) and state-independent (circadian) processes. In this review we consider how sleep and biological clocks influence synaptic plasticity. We discuss these findings in the context of current plasticity-based theories of sleep function and propose a new model that integrates circadian and brain-state influences on synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Neuroscience Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rafael Cantera
- Zoology Department Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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47
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Yang G, Lai CSW, Cichon J, Ma L, Li W, Gan WB. Sleep promotes branch-specific formation of dendritic spines after learning. Science 2014; 344:1173-8. [PMID: 24904169 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How sleep helps learning and memory remains unknown. We report in mouse motor cortex that sleep after motor learning promotes the formation of postsynaptic dendritic spines on a subset of branches of individual layer V pyramidal neurons. New spines are formed on different sets of dendritic branches in response to different learning tasks and are protected from being eliminated when multiple tasks are learned. Neurons activated during learning of a motor task are reactivated during subsequent non-rapid eye movement sleep, and disrupting this neuronal reactivation prevents branch-specific spine formation. These findings indicate that sleep has a key role in promoting learning-dependent synapse formation and maintenance on selected dendritic branches, which contribute to memory storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cora Sau Wan Lai
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph Cichon
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wen-Biao Gan
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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48
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Ritter SM, Dijksterhuis A. Creativity-the unconscious foundations of the incubation period. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:215. [PMID: 24782742 PMCID: PMC3990058 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Creativity is one of the most important assets we have to navigate through the fast changing world of the 21st century. Anecdotal accounts of creative individuals suggest that oftentimes, creative discoveries result from a process whereby initial conscious thought is followed by a period during which one refrains from task-related conscious thought. For example, one may spend an embarrassing amount of time thinking about a problem when the solution suddenly pops into consciousness while taking a shower. Not only creative individuals but also traditional theories of creativity have put a lot of emphasis on this incubation stage in creative thinking. The aim of the present article is twofold. First, an overview of the domain of incubation and creativity is provided by reviewing and discussing studies on incubation, mind-wandering, and sleep. Second, the causes of incubation effects are discussed. Previously, little attention has been paid to the causes of incubation effects and most findings do not really speak to whether the effects should be explained by unconscious processes or merely by consequences of a period of distraction. In the latter case, there is no need to assume active unconscious processes. The findings discussed in the current article support the idea that it is not merely the absence of conscious thought that drives incubation effects, but that during an incubation period unconscious processes contribute to creative thinking. Finally, practical implications and directions for future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Ritter
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ap Dijksterhuis
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands
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49
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Stuchlik A. Dynamic learning and memory, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis: an update. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:106. [PMID: 24744707 PMCID: PMC3978286 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian memory is the result of the interaction of millions of neurons in the brain and their coordinated activity. Candidate mechanisms for memory are synaptic plasticity changes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). LTP is essentially an electrophysiological phenomenon manifested in hours-lasting increase on postsynaptic potentials after synapse tetanization. It is thought to ensure long-term changes in synaptic efficacy in distributed networks, leading to persistent changes in the behavioral patterns, actions and choices, which are often interpreted as the retention of information, i.e., memory. Interestingly, new neurons are born in the mammalian brain and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is proposed to provide a substrate for dynamic and flexible aspects of behavior such as pattern separation, prevention of interference, flexibility of behavior and memory resolution. This work provides a brief review on the memory and involvement of LTP and adult neurogenesis in memory phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic
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50
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Hall-Porter JM, Schweitzer PK, Eisenstein RD, Ahmed HAH, Walsh JK. The effect of two benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. J Clin Sleep Med 2014; 10:27-34. [PMID: 24426817 PMCID: PMC3869065 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have demonstrated that sleep promotes memory consolidation, but there is little research on the effect of hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. We compared bedtime administration of zolpidem-ER 12.5 mg (6- to 8-h duration of action), middle-of-the-night administration of zaleplon 10 mg (3- to 4-h duration of action), and placebo to examine the effect of different durations of hypnotic drug exposure on memory consolidation during sleep. METHODS Twenty-two participants with no sleep complaints underwent 3 conditions in a counterbalanced crossover study: (1) zolpidem-ER 12.5 mg (bedtime dosing), (2) zaleplon 10 mg (middle-of-the-night dosing), and (3) placebo. Memory testing was conducted before and after an 8-h sleep period, using a word pair association task (WPT; declarative memory) and a finger-tapping task (FTT; procedural memory). RESULTS ANOVA revealed a significant condition effect for the WPT (p = 0.025) and a trend for the FTT (p = 0.067), which was significant when sex was added to the model (p = 0.014). Improvement in memory performance following sleep was lower with bedtime dosing of zolpidem-ER compared to placebo and middle-of-the-night dosing of zaleplon. There were no differences between placebo and zaleplon. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that in some circumstances hypnotics may have the potential to reduce the degree of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and that drug-free sleep early in the night may ameliorate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hasan Ali H. Ahmed
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, MO
| | - James K. Walsh
- Sleep Medicine and Research Center, St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, MO
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