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Zhang J, Zhang W, Guan W, Liu P. Induced emotion counter-regulation affects attentional inhibition of emotional information: ERP evidence from a randomized manipulation approach. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae004. [PMID: 38252995 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Automatic emotion counter-regulation refers to an unintentional attentional shift away from the current emotional state and toward information of the opposite valence. It is a useful emotion regulation skill that prevents the escalation of current emotional state. However, the cognitive mechanisms of emotion counter-regulation are not fully understood. Using a randomization approach, this study investigated how automatic emotion counter-regulation impacted attentional inhibition of emotional stimuli, an important aspect of emotion processing closely associated with emotion regulation and mental health. Forty-six university students were randomly assigned to an emotion counter-regulation group and a control group. The former group watched an anger-inducing video to evoke automatic emotion counter-regulation of anger, while the latter group watched an emotionally neutral video. Next, both groups completed a negative priming task of facial expressions with EEG recorded. In the emotion counter-regulation group, we observed an enhanced attentional inhibition of the angry, but not happy, faces, as indicated by a prolonger response time, a larger N2, and a smaller P3 in response to angry versus happy stimuli. These patterns were not observed in the control group, supporting the role of elicited emotion counter-regulation of anger in causing these modulation patterns in responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wanyao Guan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, McFerren AL, Freedman EG. Maintaining Task Performance Levels Under Cognitive Load While Walking Requires Widespread Reallocation of Neural Resources. Neuroscience 2023; 532:113-132. [PMID: 37774910 PMCID: PMC10842245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the neural mechanisms underlying increasing cognitive load while walking by employing 2 versions of a response inhibition task, the '1-back' version and the more cognitively demanding '2-back' version. By using the Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) modality, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and task-related behavioral responses were collected while young adults (n = 61) performed either the 1-back or 2-back response inhibition task. Interestingly, increasing inhibitory difficulty from 1-back to 2-back during walking was not associated with any detectable costs in response accuracy, response speed, or gait consistency. However, the more difficult cognitive task was associated with distinct EEG component changes during both successful inhibitions (correct rejections) and successful executions (hits) of the motor response. During correct rejections, ERP changes were found over frontal regions, during latencies related to sensory gain control, conflict monitoring and working memory storage and processing. During hits, ERP changes were found over left-parietal regions during latencies related to orienting attention and subsequent selection and execution of the motor plan. The pattern of attenuation in walking-related EEG amplitude changes, during 2-back task performance, is thought to reflect more effortful recalibration of neural processes, a mechanism which might be a key driver of performance maintenance in the face of increased cognitive demands while walking. Overall, the present findings shed light on the extent of the neurocognitive capacity of young adults and may lead to a better understanding of how factors such as aging or neurological disorders could impinge on this capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Amber L McFerren
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward G Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Perera MPN, Mallawaarachchi S, Bailey NW, Murphy OW, Fitzgerald PB. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased engagement of frontal brain regions across multiple event-related potentials. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7287-7299. [PMID: 37092862 PMCID: PMC10719690 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition leading to significant distress and poor quality of life. Successful treatment of OCD is restricted by the limited knowledge about its pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of OCD using electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited from multiple tasks to characterise disorder-related differences in underlying brain activity across multiple neural processes. METHODS ERP data were obtained from 25 OCD patients and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) by recording EEG during flanker and go/nogo tasks. Error-related negativity (ERN) was elicited by the flanker task, while N200 and P300 were generated using the go/nogo task. Primary comparisons of the neural response amplitudes and the topographical distribution of neural activity were conducted using scalp field differences across all time points and electrodes. RESULTS Compared to HCs, the OCD group showed altered ERP distributions. Contrasting with the previous literature on ERN and N200 topographies in OCD where fronto-central negative voltages were reported, we detected positive voltages. Additionally, the P300 was found to be less negative in the frontal regions. None of these ERP findings were associated with OCD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that individuals with OCD show altered frontal neural activity across multiple executive function-related processes, supporting the frontal dysfunction theory of OCD. Furthermore, due to the lack of association between altered ERPs and OCD symptom severity, they may be considered potential candidate endophenotypes for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Prabhavi N. Perera
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Neil W. Bailey
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Monarch Research Institute, Monarch Mental Health Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Oscar W. Murphy
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Paul B. Fitzgerald
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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Soriano-Segura P, Ferrero L, Ortiz M, Ianez E, Azorin JM. Analysis of Error Potentials generated by a lower limb exoskeleton feedback in a BMI for gait control . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083187 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) based on motor imagery (MI) for controlling lower-limb exoskeletons during the gait have been gaining importance in the rehabilitation field. However, these MI-BMI are not as precise as they should. The detection of error related potentials (ErrP) as a self-tune parameter to prevent wrong commands could be an interesting approach to improve their performance. For this reason, in this investigation ErrP elicited by the movement of a lower-limb exoskeleton against subject's will is analyzed in the time, frequency and time-frequency domain and compared with the cases where the exoskeleton is correctly commanded by motor imagery (MI). The results of the ErrP study indicate that there is statistical significative evidence of a difference between the signals in the erroneous events and the success events. Thus, ErrP could be used to increase the accuracy of BMIs which commands exoskeletons.Clinical Relevance- This investigation has the purpose of improving brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) based on motor imagery (MI) by means of the detection of error potentials. This could promote the adoption of robotic exoskeletons commanded by BMIs in rehabilitation therapies.
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Dampuré J, Agudelo-Orjuela P, van der Meij M, Belin D, Barber HA. Electrophysiological signature of the interplay between habits and inhibition in response to smoking-related cues in individuals with a smoking habit: An event-related potential study. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:1335-1352. [PMID: 36829295 PMCID: PMC10946726 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The rigid, stimulus-bound nature of drug seeking that characterizes substance use disorder (SUD) has been related to a dysregulation of motivational and early attentional reflexive and inhibitory reflective systems. However, the mechanisms by which these systems are engaged by drug-paired conditioned stimuli (CSs) when they promote the enactment of seeking habits in individuals with a SUD have not been elucidated. The present study aimed behaviourally and electrophysiologically to characterize the nature of the interaction between the reflexive and reflective systems recruited by CSs in individuals with a smoking habit. We measured the behavioural performance and associated event-related potentials (ERPs) of 20 individuals with a smoking habit and 20 controls, who never smoked regularly, in a modified Go/NoGo task during which smoking-related CSs, appetitive and neutral pictures, presented either in first or third-person visual perspective were displayed 250 ms before the Go/NoGo cue. We show that smoking-related cues selectively influence early incentive motivation-related attention bias (N2 after picture onset), motor readiness and behavioural inhibition (Go-P3, NoGo-P3 and Pc) of individuals with a smoking habit only when presented from a first-person visual perspective. These data together identify the neural signature of the aberrant engagement of the reflexive and reflective systems during the recruitment of an incentive habit by CSs presented as if they had been response-produced, that is, as conditioned reinforcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dampuré
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université Catholique de l'Ouest, 79500, Niort, France
| | - Paola Agudelo-Orjuela
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maartje van der Meij
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Horacio A Barber
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, Spain
- Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language (BCBL), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, Mazurek KA, Freedman EG. Young adults who improve performance during dual-task walking show more flexible reallocation of cognitive resources: a mobile brain-body imaging (MoBI) study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2573-2592. [PMID: 35661873 PMCID: PMC10016048 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In young adults, pairing a cognitive task with walking can have different effects on gait and cognitive task performance. In some cases, performance clearly declines whereas in others compensatory mechanisms maintain performance. This study investigates the preliminary finding of behavioral improvement in Go/NoGo response inhibition task performance during walking compared with sitting, which was observed at the piloting stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, 3-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the cognitive task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill. RESULTS In a cohort of 26 young adults, 14 participants improved in measures of cognitive task performance while walking compared with sitting. These participants exhibited walking-related EEG amplitude reductions over frontal scalp regions during key stages of inhibitory control (conflict monitoring, control implementation, and pre-motor stages), accompanied by reduced stride-to-stride variability and faster responses to stimuli compared with those who did not improve. In contrast, 12 participants who did not improve exhibited no EEG amplitude differences across physical condition. DISCUSSION The neural activity changes associated with performance improvement during dual tasking hold promise as cognitive flexibility markers that can potentially help assess cognitive decline in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall Rochester, NY 14627, United States
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Kevin A Mazurek
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Joseph Building 4-184W, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
- Well Living Lab, Well Living Lab, Inc., 221 First Avenue SW, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
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Malejko K, Hafner S, Brown RC, Plener PL, Grön G, Graf H, Abler B. Neural Signatures of Error Processing in Depressed Adolescents with Comorbid Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123188. [PMID: 36551944 PMCID: PMC9775576 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), as a highly prevalent psychiatric symptom in adolescents and young adults, is defined as the deliberate destruction of body tissue without suicidal intent. Impulsivity and dysfunctional response inhibition have been suggested to play a central role in adolescents' vulnerability to self-harm. To investigate the potentially distinct neurobiology of NSSI, we used a well-established Go/No Go task in which activation of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is interpreted as a neural correlate of processing failed response inhibition. Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 14 adolescents with a diagnosis of major depression and a history of NSSI (MD-NSSI), 13 depressed adolescents without NSSI (MD-only), and 14 healthy controls (HC). In line with hypotheses of dysfunctional response inhibition, we observed increased rates of commission errors in MD-NSSI along with significantly reduced error-related activations of the dACC and IFG. Intact response inhibition, as reflected by low commission error rates not different from HC, was observed in MD-only, along with increased activation of the error-processing network. Our findings support the hypothesis of a distinct neurobiological signature of NSSI. Further research on biomarkers of NSSI could focus on behavioral and neural correlates of failed response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-731-500-61401
| | - Stefan Hafner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca C. Brown
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Grön
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Gomez-Andres A, Cunillera T, Rico I, Naval-Baudin P, Camins A, Fernandez-Coello A, Gabarrós A, Rodriguez-Fornells A. The role of the anterior insular cortex in self-monitoring: A novel study protocol with electrical stimulation mapping and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Cortex 2022; 157:231-244. [PMID: 36347086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Becoming aware of one's own states is a fundamental aspect for self-monitoring, allowing us to adjust our beliefs of the world to the changing context. Previous evidence points out to the key role of the anterior insular cortex (aIC) in evaluating the consequences of our own actions, especially whenever an error has occurred. In the present study, we propose a new multimodal protocol combining electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the functional role of the aIC for self-monitoring in patients undergoing awake brain surgery. Our results using a modified version of the Stroop task tackling metacognitive abilities revealed new direct evidence of the involvement of the aIC in monitoring our performance, showing increased difficulties in detecting action-outcome mismatches when stimulating a cortical site located at the most posterior part of the aIC as well as significant BOLD activations at this region during outcome incongruences for self-made actions. Based on these preliminary results, we highlight the importance of assessing the aIC's functioning during tumor resection involving this region to evaluate metacognitive awareness of the self in patients undergoing awake brain surgery. In a similar vein, a better understanding of the aIC's role during self-monitoring may help shed light on action/outcome processing abnormalities reported in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, anosognosia for hemiplegia or major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gomez-Andres
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cunillera
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Rico
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurology Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pablo Naval-Baudin
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Angels Camins
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Centre Bellvitge, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernandez-Coello
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (HUB), Neurosurgery Section, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Berger A, Posner MI. Beyond Infant's Looking: The Neural Basis for Infant Prediction Errors. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 18:664-674. [PMID: 36269781 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary conceptualizations on infant cognitive development focus on predictive processes; the basic idea is that the brain continuously creates predictions about what is expected and that the divergence between predicted and actual perceived data yields a prediction error. This prediction error updates the model from which the predictions are generated and therefore is a basic mechanism for learning and adaptation to the dynamics of the ever-changing environment. In this article, we review the types of available empirical evidence supporting the idea that predictive processes can be found in infancy, especially emphasizing the contribution of electrophysiology as a potential method for testing the similarity of the brain mechanisms for processing prediction errors in infants to those of adults. In infants, as with older children, adolescents, and adults, predictions involve synchronization bursts of middle-central theta reflecting brain activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. We discuss how early in development such brain mechanisms develop and open questions that still remain to be empirically investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berger
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.,Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
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Allen CH, Aharoni E, Gullapalli AR, Edwards BG, Harenski CL, Harenski KA, Kiehl KA. Hemodynamic activity in the limbic system predicts reoffending in women. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103238. [PMID: 36451349 PMCID: PMC9668656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous research (Aharoni et al., 2013, 2014) found that hemodynamic activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during error monitoring predicted non-violent felony rearrest in men released from prison. This article reports an extension of the Aharoni et al. (2013, 2014) model in a sample of women released from state prison (n = 248). Replicating aspects of prior work, error monitoring activity in the dACC, as well as psychopathy scores and age at release, predicted non-violent felony rearrest in women. Sex differences in the directionality of dACC activity were observed-high error monitoring activity predicted rearrest in women, whereas prior work found low error monitoring activity predicted rearrest in men. As in prior analyses, the ability of the dACC to predict rearrest outcomes declines with more generalized outcomes (i.e., general felony). Implications for future research and clinical and forensic risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey H. Allen
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4188, USA
| | - Eyal Aharoni
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA
| | | | - Bethany G. Edwards
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4188, USA,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Carla L. Harenski
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4188, USA
| | - Keith A. Harenski
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4188, USA
| | - Kent A. Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4188, USA,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Does identity disturbance contribute to inhibition in borderline personality? A preliminary report. Encephale 2022:S0013-7006(22)00109-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. On the Comparison Between the Nc/CRN and the Ne/ERN. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:788167. [PMID: 35812306 PMCID: PMC9261282 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.788167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the Error Negativity (Ne or ERN) has been described on full-blown errors and on partial error, a smaller Error Negativity-like wave (CRN or Nc) has also been evidenced on correct trials, first in patients with schizophrenia and, later on, in healthy subjects. The functional significance of the Nc as compared to the Ne is of critical importance since most models accounting for the genesis of the Ne on errors and partial errors cannot account for the existence of the Nc if this Nc simply corresponds to a small Ne. On the contrary, if the Nc and the Ne are two completely distinct components, then the existence of a Nc poses no constraint to the existing models. To this end, we examine in the present review the similarities and the differences existing between the Ne and the Nc regarding their functional properties and their anatomical origin.
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Dakhili A, Sangchooli A, Jafakesh S, Zare-Bidoky M, Soleimani G, Batouli SAH, Kazemi K, Faghiri A, Oghabian MA, Ekhtiari H. Cue-induced craving and negative emotion disrupt response inhibition in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral and fMRI results from a mixed Go/No-Go task. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 233:109353. [PMID: 35249000 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-related cue-reactivity, dysfunctional negative emotion processing, and response-disinhibition constitute three core aspects of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). These phenomena have been studied independently, but the neuroscientific literature on their interaction in addictive disorders remains scant. METHODS 62 individuals with MUD were scanned when responding to the geometric Go or No-Go cues superimposed over blank, neutral, negative-emotional and drug-related background images. Neural correlates of drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity, response-inhibition and their interactions were estimated, and methamphetamine cue-reactivity was compared between individuals with MUD and 23 healthy controls. Relationships between behavioral characteristics and observed activations were investigated. RESULTS Individuals with MUD had longer reaction times and more errors in drug and negative-emotional compared to blank blocks, and more omission errors in drug compared to neutral blocks. They showed higher drug cue-reactivity than controls across prefrontal, fusiform, and visual regions (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition was associated with precuneal, inferior parietal, anterior cingulate, temporal, and inferior frontal activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition in drug cue blocks coincided with higher activations in the visual cortex and lower activations in the paracentral lobule and superior and inferior frontal gyri, while inhibition during negative-emotional blocks led to higher superior parietal, fusiform, and lateral occipital activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). CONCLUSION Drug cue-reactivity may impair response inhibition partly through activating dis-inhibitory regions, while temporal and parietal activations associated with response-inhibition in negative blocks suggest compensatory activity. Results suggest that drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity influence response-inhibition, and the study of these interactions may aid mechanistic understanding of methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Dakhili
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Jafakesh
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA.
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14
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Impact of emotionally-charged images and trial order on downstream cognitive processing: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2021; 162:108031. [PMID: 34563553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Theories of emotion-cognition interactions suggest that emotional valence can both facilitate or limit cognitive performance. One cause for the mixed findings may be the order (random versus non-random presentation) in which emotional stimuli are presented. To investigate the impact of stimuli order on cognitive control processing, EEG data were recorded as 130 undergraduate students (M age = 22.2, SD = 5.4; 79 female) completed a modified version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task in which the cue was followed by an emotionally-valenced image (positive, negative, and neutral). Specifically, the task was designed so that valenced images were presented in either a block or random order, prior to probe presentation. We examined two event-related potentials (ERPs), the N2, which reflects aspects of cognitive control, and the late positive potential (LPP), which reflects attention allocation to emotional stimuli. We assessed the impact of emotionally oriented attention (LPP) on downstream cognitive control (N2) and how this relationship might differ for a block versus random (order of emotional image) task design. Consistent with the LPP literature, we found a main effect of image valence with the negative trials showing larger LPPs than the positive and neutral trials. For N2s, we found that the negative trials were associated with smaller N2s than both the positive and neutral trials. We observed that as LPP amplitude increased, subsequent N2 amplitude was reduced, specifically for negative trials in the random design. These results suggest an emotion-related depletion of neural cognitive resources. Lastly, we found larger N2s for the block design versus the random design. Together, these results indicate the importance of paying attention to both trial order (block versus random) and within trial stimulus sequence when designing emotion induction tasks.
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15
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Alderson Myers AB, Arienzo D, Molnar SM, Marinkovic K. Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 32:102879. [PMID: 34768146 PMCID: PMC8591397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Go/NoGo performance does not differ between binge (BDs) and light drinkers. BDs show greater BOLD activity to inhibition errors primarily in prefrontal areas. Greater functional connectivity in the frontal cortex correlates with drinking. Observed increase in error-related activity may serve a compensatory role. This is consistent with allostatic hyperexcitability reflecting neuroadaptation.
Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Alderson Myers
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Donatello Arienzo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Sean M Molnar
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Ksenija Marinkovic
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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16
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Investigating the consistency of ERPs across threatening situations among children and adolescents. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 22:328-340. [PMID: 34724176 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Threat sensitivity is thought to be a precursor for anxiety. Yet it remains unknown whether individuals have consistently high neural activation to different threatening situations. The current study (N = 161, Mage = 11.26, SD = 1.79) used three ERPs from different threat-related events: 1) the P3 to receiving negative feedback; 2) the ERN to making mistakes; 3) the N170 to viewing angry faces. Participants also completed self-report measures of threat sensitivity, impulsivity, and demographics. In a follow-up analysis, we also investigated whether the results replicate when using the difference score for each ERP. Youth with higher self-reported sensitivity to threats and lower self-reported impulsivity had consistently higher neural activation to threatening situations. Males also had consistently higher neural activation to threats compared with females. When using the difference score, we found that youth with higher self-reported threat sensitivity had consistently higher neural activation to threats than nonthreats. Although it is common for youth to have high neural activation during at least one threatening situation (e.g., making mistakes), only ~12% of youth have consistently high neural activation across a variety of different threats. Thus, detecting youth who are sensitive to a variety of different threats may be an important avenue to investigate to identify youth most at risk for the development of anxiety.
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17
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Babaeeghazvini P, Rueda-Delgado LM, Gooijers J, Swinnen SP, Daffertshofer A. Brain Structural and Functional Connectivity: A Review of Combined Works of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Electro-Encephalography. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:721206. [PMID: 34690718 PMCID: PMC8529047 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.721206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Implications of structural connections within and between brain regions for their functional counterpart are timely points of discussion. White matter microstructural organization and functional activity can be assessed in unison. At first glance, however, the corresponding findings appear variable, both in the healthy brain and in numerous neuro-pathologies. To identify consistent associations between structural and functional connectivity and possible impacts for the clinic, we reviewed the literature of combined recordings of electro-encephalography (EEG) and diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It appears that the strength of event-related EEG activity increases with increased integrity of structural connectivity, while latency drops. This agrees with a simple mechanistic perspective: the nature of microstructural white matter influences the transfer of activity. The EEG, however, is often assessed for its spectral content. Spectral power shows associations with structural connectivity that can be negative or positive often dependent on the frequencies under study. Functional connectivity shows even more variations, which are difficult to rank. This might be caused by the diversity of paradigms being investigated, from sleep and resting state to cognitive and motor tasks, from healthy participants to patients. More challenging, though, is the potential dependency of findings on the kind of analysis applied. While this does not diminish the principal capacity of EEG and diffusion-based MRI co-registration, it highlights the urgency to standardize especially EEG analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Babaeeghazvini
- Department of Human Movements Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Science Institute (AMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam (iBBA), Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Rueda-Delgado
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jolien Gooijers
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan P. Swinnen
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Daffertshofer
- Department of Human Movements Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Science Institute (AMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behaviour Amsterdam (iBBA), Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Foti D, Perlman G, Bromet EJ, Harvey PD, Hajcak G, Mathalon DH, Kotov R. Pathways from performance monitoring to negative symptoms and functional outcomes in psychotic disorders. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2012-2022. [PMID: 32317045 PMCID: PMC10769507 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performance monitoring entails rapid error detection to maintain task performance. Impaired performance monitoring is a candidate pathophysiological process in psychotic disorders, which may explain the broader deficit in executive function and its known associations with negative symptoms and poor functioning. The current study models cross-sectional pathways bridging neurophysiological measures of performance monitoring with executive function, symptoms, and functioning. METHODS Data were from the 20-year assessment of the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. Individuals with psychotic disorders (N = 181) were originally recruited from inpatient psychiatric facilities. Data were also collected from a geographically and demographically matched group with no psychosis history (N = 242). Neural measures were the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Structural equation modeling tested mediation pathways. RESULTS Blunted ERN and Pe in the clinical cohort related to impaired executive function (r = 0.26-0.35), negative symptom severity (r = 0.17-0.25), and poor real-world functioning (r = 0.17-0.19). Associations with executive function were consistent across groups. Multiple potential pathways were identified in the clinical cohort: reduced ERN to inexpressivity was mediated by executive function (β = 0.10); reduced Pe to global functioning was mediated by executive function and avolition (β = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS This supports a transdiagnostic model of psychotic disorders by which poor performance monitoring contributes to impaired executive function, which contributes to negative symptoms and poor real-world functioning. If supported by future longitudinal research, these pathways could inform the development of targeted interventions to address cognitive and functional deficits that are central to psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology and Biomedical Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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19
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Ikarashi K, Sato D, Fujimoto T, Edama M, Baba Y, Yamashiro K. Response Inhibitory Control Varies with Different Sensory Modalities. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:275-285. [PMID: 34223874 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response inhibition plays an essential role in preventing anticipated and unpredictable events in our daily lives. It is divided into proactive inhibition, where subjects postpone responses to an upcoming signal, and reactive inhibition, where subjects stop an impending movement based on the presentation of a signal. Different types of sensory input are involved in both inhibitions; however, differences in proactive and reactive inhibition with differences in sensory modalities remain unclear. This study compared proactive and reactive inhibitions induced by visual, auditory, and somatosensory signals using the choice reaction task (CRT) and stop-signal task (SST). The experiments showed that proactive inhibitions were significantly higher in the auditory and somatosensory modalities than in the visual modality, whereas reactive inhibitions were not. Examining the proactive inhibition-associated neural processing, the auditory and somatosensory modalities showed significant decreases in P3 amplitudes in Go signal-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) in SST relative to those in CRT; this might reflect a decreasing attentional resource on response execution in SST in both modalities. In contrast, we did not find significant differences in the reactive inhibition-associated ERPs. These results suggest that proactive inhibition varies with different sensory modalities, whereas reactive inhibition does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyuki Ikarashi
- Major in Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujimoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Mutsuaki Edama
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Baba
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
| | - Koya Yamashiro
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Niigata 950-3198, Japan
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20
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Jiao L, Liu C, Schwieter JW, Chen B. Switching between newly learned languages impacts executive control. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13888. [PMID: 34180065 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has explored the relationship between language control and executive control based on performance in bilinguals' skilled languages. However, this relationship between bilingualism and executive control has not been examined at the very initial stage of language learning. In the present study, we trained Chinese speakers to learn words in German and Japanese, two languages with which they had no prior experience. In pre- and post-training, we measured participants' electrophysiological data to investigate how switching between these two newly learned languages affected executive control. We observed that, while lacking the language switching effect in the behavioral data, a flanker task elicited larger N2 and P3 amplitudes in the post-training session when participants were required to switch between German and Japanese compared to when they responded to only German or Japanese. These results provided evidence of language control of newly learned languages on domain-general executive control, specifically at the (very) initial period of language learning. Our findings support the adaptive nature of the relationship between bilingual language control and executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiao
- Department of Psychology, Normal College & School of Teacher Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Normal College & School of Teacher Education, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - John W Schwieter
- Language Acquisition, Multilingualism, and Cognition Laboratory/Bilingualism Matters @ Laurier, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Baoguo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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21
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Meyer A, Wissemann K. Controlling parenting and perfectionism is associated with an increased error-related negativity (ERN) in young adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:87-95. [PMID: 32064523 PMCID: PMC7171371 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount of research focuses on the error-related negativity (ERN)—a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when individuals commit errors on lab-based tasks. The ERN has been link to concurrent and prospective risk for psychopathology and is thought to index sensitivity or reactivity to errors. The ERN can be potentiated in the lab with punishment and has been shown to be increased among offspring of harsh or controlling parents. A separate line of work has demonstrated that the ERN is increased among individuals high in perfectionism. In the current study, we integrate these separate lines of work by examining parenting styles, perfectionism and the ERN in a sample of young adults. Results suggest that the ERN is increased among offspring of controlling parents (both maternal and paternal). Additionally, the ERN is increased among individuals who report being high in perfectionism—specifically, the concerns over mistake and the personal standard perfectionism subscales of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Moreover, results supported a mediation model wherein the indirect pathway from controlling parenting style to perfectionism (personal standard subscale) was mediated by the ERN—for paternal parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Karl Wissemann
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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22
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Maurer LK, Joch M, Hegele M, Maurer H, Müller H. Relevance of Predictive and Postdictive Error Information in the Course of Motor Learning. Neuroscience 2021; 486:77-90. [PMID: 34000321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of the sensory consequences of physical movements is a fundamental feature of the human brain. This function is attributed to a forward model, which generates predictions based on sensory and efferent information. The neural processes underlying such predictions have been studied using the error-related negativity (ERN) as a fronto-central event-related potential in electroencephalogram (EEG) tracings. In this experiment, 16 participants practiced a novel motor task for 4000 trials over ten sessions. Neural correlates of error processing were recorded in sessions one, five, and ten. Along with significant improvements in task performance, the ERN amplitude increased over the sessions. Simultaneously, the feedback-related negativity (FRN), a neural marker corresponding to the processing of movement-outcome feedback, attenuated with learning. The findings suggest that early in learning, the motor control system relies more on information from external feedback about terminal outcome. With increasing task performance, the forward model is able to generate more accurate outcome predictions, which, as a result, increasingly contributes to error processing. The data also suggests a complementary relationship between the ERN and the FRN over motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Maurer
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany.
| | - Michael Joch
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Hegele
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany.
| | - Heiko Maurer
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Hermann Müller
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Kugelberg 62, 35394 Giessen, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany.
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23
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Arbel Y, Fitzpatrick I, He X. Learning With and Without Feedback in Children With Developmental Language Disorder. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1696-1711. [PMID: 33877883 PMCID: PMC8608225 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Intervention provided to school-age children with developmental language disorder often relies on the provision of performance feedback, yet it is unclear whether children with this disorder benefit from feedback-based learning. The study evaluates the effect of performance feedback on learning in children with developmental language disorder. Method Thirteen 8- to 12-year-old children with developmental language disorder and 14 age- and gender-matched children with typical language development completed two learning tasks whose objective was to pair nonword novel names with novel objects. The two tasks differed in the presence of performance feedback to guide learning. Learning outcomes on immediate and follow-up tests were compared between the feedback-based and feedback-free tasks. Additionally, an electrophysiological marker of feedback processing was compared between children with and without developmental language disorder. Results Children with developmental language disorder demonstrated poorer learning outcomes on both tasks when compared with their peers, but both groups achieved better accuracy on the feedback-free task when compared with the feedback-based task. Within the feedback-based task, children were more likely to repeat a correct response than to change it after positive feedback but were as likely to repeat an error as they were to correct it after receiving negative feedback. While children with typical language elicited a feedback-related negativity with greater amplitude to negative feedback, this event-related potential had no amplitude differences between positive and negative feedback in children with developmental language disorder. Conclusions Findings indicate that 8- to 12-year-old children benefit more from a feedback-free learning environment and that negative feedback is not as effective as positive feedback in facilitating learning in children. The behavioral and electrophysiological data provide evidence that feedback processing is impaired in children with developmental language disorders. Future research should evaluate feedback-based learning in children with this disorder using other learning paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Arbel
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Isabel Fitzpatrick
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
| | - Xinyi He
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
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24
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Cao H, Cannon TD. Distinct and temporally associated neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive controls: Evidence from a stop-signal task. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2677-2690. [PMID: 33797816 PMCID: PMC8127156 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is built upon the interactions of multiple brain regions. It is currently unclear whether the involved regions are temporally separable in relation to different cognitive processes and how these regions are temporally associated in relation to different task performances. Here, using stop-signal task data acquired from 119 healthy participants, we showed that concurrent and poststop cognitive controls were associated with temporally distinct but interrelated neural mechanisms. Specifically, concurrent cognitive control activated regions in the cingulo-opercular network (including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC], insula, and thalamus), together with superior temporal gyrus, secondary motor areas, and visual cortex; while regions in the fronto-parietal network (including the lateral prefrontal cortex [lPFC] and inferior parietal lobule) and cerebellum were only activated during poststop cognitive control. The associations of activities between concurrent and poststop regions were dependent on task performance, with the most notable difference in the cerebellum. Importantly, while concurrent and poststop signals were significantly correlated during successful cognitive control, concurrent activations during erroneous trials were only correlated with posterror activations in the fronto-parietal network but not cerebellum. Instead, the cerebellar activation during posterror cognitive control was likely to be driven secondarily by posterror activation in the lPFC. Further, a dynamic causal modeling analysis demonstrated that postsuccess cognitive control was associated with inhibitory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum, while excitatory connectivity from the lPFC to cerebellum was present during posterror cognitive control. Overall, these findings suggest dissociable but temporally related neural mechanisms underlying concurrent, postsuccess, and posterror cognitive control processes in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Ware A, Lum JAG, Kirkovski M. Continuous theta-burst stimulation modulates language-related inhibitory processes in bilinguals: evidence from event-related potentials. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1453-1466. [PMID: 33718987 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is activated when bilinguals switch between languages. Language switching can also elicit the N2 event-related potential (ERP). This ERP component appears to capture the cognitive control processes related to conflict monitoring, response selection and response inhibition. In the present study, continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was used to examine the role of the left DLPFC in bilingual language switching, using a picture-naming task. Participants in the study were 17 Afrikaans-English bilinguals. The picture-naming task consisted of non-switch and switch trials. On non-switch trials, participants named two consecutive pictures in the same language. On switch trials, participants named consecutive pictures in different languages (e.g., Afrikaans and then English). The participants completed three testing sessions. In each session, participants received either cTBS to the left DLPFC or the vertex, or sham stimulation, and then completed the picture-naming task. The results showed that following DLPFC stimulation, the N2 ERP was attenuated on switch trials compared to non-switch trials. Vertex or sham stimulation did not modulate the N2 ERP. cTBS did not affect language switching at the behavioural level. These results provide support for the role of the left DLPFC in the cognitive control processes underlying bilingual language switching. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that these processes can be modulated via non-invasive brain stimulation and the effects detected at the neural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ware
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3121, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3121, Australia.
| | - Melissa Kirkovski
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3121, Australia
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26
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Elverman KH, Paitel ER, Figueroa CM, McKindles RJ, Nielson KA. Event-Related Potentials, Inhibition, and Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Among Cognitively Intact Elders. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1413-1428. [PMID: 33682720 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in understanding Alzheimer's disease (AD), prediction of AD prior to symptom onset remains severely limited, even when primary risk factors such as the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele are known. OBJECTIVE Although executive dysfunction is highly prevalent and is a primary contributor to loss of independence in those with AD, few studies have examined neural differences underlying executive functioning as indicators of risk for AD prior to symptom onset, when intervention might be effective. METHODS This study examined event-related potential (ERP) differences during inhibitory control in 44 cognitively intact older adults (20 ɛ4+, 24 ɛ4-), relative to 41 young adults. All participants completed go/no-go and stop-signal tasks. RESULTS Overall, both older adult groups exhibited slower reaction times and longer ERP latencies compared to young adults. Older adults also had generally smaller N200 and P300 amplitudes, except at frontal electrodes and for N200 stop-signal amplitudes, which were larger in older adults. Considered with intact task accuracy, these findings suggest age-related neural compensation. Although ɛ4 did not distinguish elders during go or no-go tasks, this study uniquely showed that the more demanding stop-signal task was sensitive to ɛ4 differences, despite comparable task and neuropsychological performance with non-carriers. Specifically, ɛ4+ elders had slower frontal N200 latency and larger N200 amplitude, which was most robust at frontal sites, compared with ɛ4-. CONCLUSION N200 during a stop-signal task is sensitive to AD risk, prior to any evidence of cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that stop-signal ERPs may be an important protocol addition to neuropsychological testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan J McKindles
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kristy A Nielson
- Marquette University, Department of Psychology, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Neurology, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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27
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Lawler JM, Hruschak J, Aho K, Liu Y, Ip KI, Lajiness‐O’Neill R, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M, Fitzgerald KD. The error-related negativity as a neuromarker of risk or resilience in young children. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02008. [PMID: 33354942 PMCID: PMC7994696 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neural response that reflects error monitoring. Contradictorily, an enlarged (more negative) ERN has been cited as both a risk factor and a protective factor, which hinders its utility as a predictive indicator. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between ERN measured in early childhood with the development of cognitive control (CC), emotion regulation, and internalizing/externalizing symptoms over 1-2 years. METHODS When children were ages 5-7, EEG was collected during a Go/No-Go task. A subset of the original participants (n = 30) were selected based on their baseline ERN in an extreme-case design: half with high-amplitude ERN, matched by age and sex with another group with low-amplitude ERN. RESULTS At follow-up, children in the High-Amplitude group showed better executive function, less self-reported anxiety and depression, less affect dysregulation, more parent-rated CC, less lability/negativity, and fewer parent-reported externalizing problems. Many results held even when accounting for baseline levels. Further, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between the ERN and both anxiety and externalizing problems, while CC mediated the ERN's relationship with externalizing problems only. CONCLUSIONS These results can inform identification and intervention efforts for children at risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanni Liu
- University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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28
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Malejko K, Hafner S, Plener PL, Bonenberger M, Groen G, Abler B, Graf H. Neural signature of error processing in major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1359-1368. [PMID: 33595693 PMCID: PMC8429380 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of major depression (MD) is heterogenous and comprises various affective and cognitive symptoms including an increased sensitivity to errors. Various electrophysiological but only few functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigated neural error processing in MD with inconsistent findings. Thus, reliable evidence regarding neural signatures of error processing in patients with current MD is limited despite its potential relevance as viable neurobiological marker of psychopathology. We therefore investigated a sample of 16 young adult female patients with current MD and 17 healthy controls (HC). During fMRI, we used an established Erikson-flanker Go/NoGo-paradigm and focused on neural alterations during errors of commission. In the absence of significant differences in rates of errors of commission in MD compared to HC, we observed significantly (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected on cluster level) enhanced neural activations of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in MD relative to HC and thus, in brain regions consistently associated to neural error processing and corresponding behavioral adjustments. Considering comparable task performance, in particular similar commission error rates in MD and HC, our results support the evidence regarding an enhanced responsivity of neural error detection mechanisms in MD as a potential neural signature of increased negative feedback sensitivity as one of the core psychopathological features of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hafner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L. Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Bonenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Georg Groen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 12-14, Ulm, Germany
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29
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Lin MH, Davies PL, Stephens J, Gavin WJ. Test-Retest Reliability of Electroencephalographic Measures of Performance Monitoring in Children and Adults. Dev Neuropsychol 2020; 45:341-366. [PMID: 33078653 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2020.1833208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the test-retest reliability of the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) amplitudes using a Flanker task in 118 neurotypical children and 53 adults before and after latency jitter adjustments. The reliability of the ERN and Pe amplitudes was moderate for children and moderate to strong for adults. The latency variability adjustment did not improve the reliability of the ERN and Pe amplitudes for either group, suggesting that latency variability may be a trait-like measure. For comparison purposes, the reliability of the stimulus-locked ERPs was strong for correct trials, yet the reliability was weak for incorrect trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Patricia L Davies
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jaclyn Stephens
- Department of Occupational Therapy, 1573 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - William J Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neuroscience, 1680 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA
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30
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Bauduin SEEC, van der Pal Z, Pereira AM, Meijer OC, Giltay EJ, van der Wee NJA, van der Werff SJA. Cortical thickness abnormalities in long-term remitted Cushing's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:293. [PMID: 32826851 PMCID: PMC7443132 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term remitted Cushing's disease (LTRCD) patients commonly continue to present persistent psychological and cognitive deficits, and alterations in brain function and structure. Although previous studies have conducted gray matter volume analyses, assessing cortical thickness and surface area of LTRCD patients may offer further insight into the neuroanatomical substrates of Cushing's disease. Structural 3T magnetic resonance images were obtained from 25 LTRCD patients, and 25 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs). T1-weighted images were segmented using FreeSurfer software to extract mean cortical thickness and surface area values of 68 cortical gray matter regions and two whole hemispheres. Paired sample t tests explored differences between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; region of interest), and the whole brain. Validated scales assessed psychiatric symptomatology, self-reported cognitive functioning, and disease severity. After correction for multiple comparisons, ROI analyses indicated that LTRCD-patients showed reduced cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC and the right rostral ACC compared to HCs. Whole-brain analyses indicated thinner cortices of the left caudal ACC, left cuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, right rostral ACC, and bilateral precuneus compared to HCs. No cortical surface area differences were identified. Cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC and left cuneus were inversely associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and disease duration, although certain associations did not persist after correction for multiple testing. In six of 68 regions examined, LTRCD patients had reduced cortical thickness in comparison to HCs. Cortical thickness of the left caudal ACC was inversely associated with disease duration. This suggests that prolonged and excessive exposure to glucocorticoids may be related to cortical thinning of brain structures involved in emotional and cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E E C Bauduin
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Z van der Pal
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M Pereira
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O C Meijer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases and Center for Endocrine Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Suor JH, Granros M, Kujawa A, Fitzgerald KD, Monk CS, Phan KL, Burkhouse KL. The moderating role of externalizing problems on the association between anxiety and the error-related negativity in youth. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:782-792. [PMID: 32743851 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential that reflects error monitoring. Enhanced ERN indicates sensitivity to performance errors and is a correlate of anxiety disorders. In contrast, youth with externalizing problems exhibit a reduced ERN, suggesting decreased error monitoring. Anxiety and externalizing problems commonly co-occur in youth, but no studies have tested how comorbidity might modulate the ERN. In a sample of youth (N = 46, ages 7-19) with and without anxiety disorders, this preliminary study examined the interactive effect of anxiety and externalizing problems on ERN. Results suggest that externalizing problems moderate the relation between anxiety symptoms and ERN in youth. Anxious youth with less externalizing problems exhibited enhanced ERN response to errors. Conversely, anxious youth with greater externalizing problems demonstrated diminished ERN in response to errors. The regions of significance and proportion affected tests indicated that the moderating the effect of externalizing problems was only significant for youth with anxiety disorders. Findings suggest that enhanced neural error sensitivity could be a specific neurophysiological marker for anxiety disorders, whereas anxious individuals with comorbid externalizing problems demonstrate reduced error monitoring, similar to those with primary externalizing pathology. Results underscore the utility of examining neural correlates of pediatric anxiety comorbidity subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Suor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Granros
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Cope LM, Hardee JE, Martz ME, Zucker RA, Nichols TE, Heitzeg MM. Developmental maturation of inhibitory control circuitry in a high-risk sample: A longitudinal fMRI study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 43:100781. [PMID: 32510344 PMCID: PMC7212183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this work was to characterize the maturation of inhibitory control brain function from childhood to early adulthood using longitudinal data collected in two cohorts. Methods Functional MRI during a go/no-go task was conducted in 290 participants, with 88 % undergoing repeated scanning at 1- to 2-year intervals. One group entered the study at age 7–13 years (n = 117); the other entered at age 18–23 years (n = 173). 33.1 % of the sample had two parents with a substance use disorder (SUD), 43.8 % had one parent with an SUD, and 23.1 % had no parents with an SUD. 1162 scans were completed, covering ages 7–28, with longitudinal data from the cohorts overlapping across ages 16–21. A marginal model with sandwich estimator standard errors was used to characterize voxel-wise age-related changes in hemodynamic response associated with successful inhibitory control. Results There was significant positive linear activation associated with age in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. No clusters survived thresholding with negative linear, positive or negative quadratic, or positive or negative cubic contrasts. Conclusions These findings extend previous cross-sectional and small-scale longitudinal studies that have observed positive linear developmental trajectories of brain function during inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Meghan E Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Robert A Zucker
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- University of Oxford, Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom; University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; University of Warwick, Department of Statistics, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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33
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Peng S, Xuan B, Li P. Fearful faces modulate cognitive control under varying levels of uncertainty: An event-related potential study. Brain Cogn 2020; 141:105550. [PMID: 32087426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control can reduce uncertainty, but few studies have investigated temporal dynamics of the flexible allocation of resources under varying levels of uncertainty. We used a revised majority function task with emotional faces and event-related potentials to investigate this process. The task incorporated different ratios of face orientation to quantify uncertainty. Participants performed slower in high uncertainty than in other levels. Under low uncertainty, participants showed greater amplitudes of frontal N200 and late frontal wave to neutral faces than fearful faces. Parietal P300 amplitudes decreased from low uncertainty to high uncertainty, and fearful faces elicited greater P300 amplitudes than neutral faces under all levels of uncertainty. These results suggest that emotion and uncertainty interacted in the frontal cortex during both early and late stages, while no interaction existed in the parietal cortex during the late stage. The interference of fearful faces is lessened by increasing cognitive control under high uncertainty in the frontal cortex, suggesting that humans possess the ability to flexibly allocate mental resources in the temporal domain. Our findings provide evidence to support the fronto-parietal network hypothesis of cognitive control in a novel perspective of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Peng
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Bin Xuan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Peng Li
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Abstract
The electroencephalogram (EEG) was invented almost 100 years ago and is still a method of choice for many research questions, even applications-from functional brain imaging in neuroscientific investigations during movement to real-time applications like brain-computer interfacing. This chapter gives some background information on the establishment and properties of the EEG. This chapter starts with a closer look at the sources of EEG at a micro or neuronal level, followed by recording techniques, types of electrodes, and common EEG artifacts. Then an overview on EEG phenomena, namely, spontaneous EEG and event-related potentials build the middle part of this chapter. The last part discusses brain signals, which are used in current BCI research, including short descriptions and examples of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot R Müller-Putz
- Institute for Neural Engineering, Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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35
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Maurer JM, Steele VR, Vincent GM, Rao V, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Adolescent Psychopathic Traits Negatively Relate to Hemodynamic Activity within the Basal Ganglia during Error-Related Processing. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1917-1929. [PMID: 31104203 PMCID: PMC6842671 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Youth with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit a number of comparable neurocognitive deficits as adult psychopathic offenders, including error-related processing deficits. Subregions of the basal ganglia play an important, though indirect, role in error-related processing through connections with cortical areas including the anterior cingulate cortex. A number of recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies have associated basal ganglia dysfunction in youth with elevated psychopathic traits, but these studies have not examined whether dysfunction occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia help contribute to error-related processing deficits previously observed in such at-risk youth. Here, we investigated error-related processing using a response inhibition Go/NoGo fMRI experimental paradigm in a large sample of incarcerated male adolescent offenders (n = 182). In the current report, psychopathy scores (measured via the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV)) were negatively related to hemodynamic activity within input nuclei of the basal ganglia (i.e., the caudate and nucleus accumbens), as well as intrinsic/output nuclei (i.e., the globus pallidus and substantia nigra) and related nuclei (i.e., the subthalamic nucleus) during error-related processing. This is the first evidence to suggest that error-related dysfunction previously observed in youth with elevated psychopathic traits may be related to underlying abnormalities occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
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36
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Online asynchronous decoding of error-related potentials during the continuous control of a robot. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17596. [PMID: 31772232 PMCID: PMC6879530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are the neural signature of error processing. Therefore, the detection of ErrPs is an intuitive approach to improve the performance of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The incorporation of ErrPs in discrete BCIs is well established but the study of asynchronous detection of ErrPs is still in its early stages. Here we show the feasibility of asynchronously decoding ErrPs in an online scenario. For that, we measured EEG in 15 participants while they controlled a robotic arm towards a target using their right hand. In 30% of the trials, the control of the robotic arm was halted at an unexpected moment (error onset) in order to trigger error-related potentials. When an ErrP was detected after the error onset, participants regained the control of the robot and could finish the trial. Regarding the asynchronous classification in the online scenario, we obtained an average true positive rate (TPR) of 70% and an average true negative rate (TNR) of 86.8%. These results indicate that the online asynchronous decoding of ErrPs was, on average, reliable, showing the feasibility of the asynchronous decoding of ErrPs in an online scenario.
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Ip KI, Liu Y, Moser J, Mannella K, Hruschak J, Bilek E, Muzik M, Rosenblum K, Fitzgerald K. Moderation of the relationship between the error-related negativity and anxiety by age and gender in young children: A preliminary investigation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 39:100702. [PMID: 31494429 PMCID: PMC6969360 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neurophysiologic response to errors that associates with anxiety. Despite the potential relevance of the ERN for understanding mechanisms of early anxiety problems in the developing brain, the relation between ERN and anxious symptoms in young children remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that ERN-anxiety associations could vary by developmental stage, but this work requires replication and consideration of gender effects, given earlier maturation of the ERN and higher rates of anxiety problems in girls relative to boys. To address this gap, the ERN was collected in 49 preschool- to school-aged children (ages 4-9; 26 girls) sampled across a wide range of anxiety severity. Regression analyses revealed that ERN - anxiety associations depended on age and gender. Specifically, larger (more negative) ERN associated with more anxiety in older girls, whereas smaller ERN associated with more anxiety symptoms in younger girls. No ERN-anxiety association was found in boys. These findings suggest that age and gender moderate the direction of the relation between ERN and anxiety in early childhood and could have important implications for the development of ERN-based risk identification and targeted treatment strategies tailored to individual children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka I Ip
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lasing, MI, USA
| | - Kristin Mannella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Hruschak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily Bilek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kate Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Gavin WJ, Lin MH, Davies PL. Developmental trends of performance monitoring measures in 7- to 25-year-olds: Unraveling the complex nature of brain measures. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13365. [PMID: 30942480 PMCID: PMC6570561 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study explores how trial-to-trial latency variability contributes to the developmental trends observed in ERN amplitude found in the incorrect trials of a performance monitoring task, the visual flanker task. An Adaptive Woody filter was used to measure and correct for the trial-to-trial latency variability of the ERN in 240 participants aged 7-25 years. Using three measures of latency variability, the degree of trial-to-trial latency variability was shown to decrease as the age of the participants increased from 7 to 25 years. The success of the Adaptive Woody filter technique to remove the trial-to-trial latency variability was demonstrated in a straightforward manner by the significant changes in the measures of fit and intraindividual variability obtained before and after applying the filter. After the latency variability effects were removed and adjusted averaged ERPs were obtained, a more subtle but significant nonlinear developmental trend was still found in the amplitude of the ERN component.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Gavin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mei-Heng Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Patricia L. Davies
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Hayashi S, Tsuru A, Kishida F, Kim YK, Higuchi S, Motomura Y. ERP study on the associations of peripheral oxytocin and prolactin with inhibitory processes involving emotional distraction. J Physiol Anthropol 2019; 38:5. [PMID: 31101072 PMCID: PMC6525381 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-019-0196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is a major health and social welfare problem, with serious and longstanding consequences. Impulse control ability plays an important role in reducing the risk of child maltreatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) with behavior inhibition using children's facial expressions (angry or neutral) as emotional distractions. This may clarify a part of the neuroendocrinological mechanism that modulates impulse control ability in the context of child caregiving. METHODS Participants were 16 females who had never been pregnant. Following venous blood sampling for OXT and PRL levels, participants performed an emotional Go/Nogo task during their follicular and luteal phases to test inhibitory control ability. Behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) during the task were measured. RESULTS The results showed that there were significant fixed effects of OXT on behavioral performance, as measured by sensitivity (d-prime). This suggests that high peripheral OXT levels may be associated with better performance on the emotional Go/Nogo task, regardless of emotional distractors. PRL was associated with inhibitory processes as reflected by the Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3. Particularly, high PRL levels were associated with the Nogo-N2 latency extension with the emotional distractors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that OXT might be associated with improving behavioral performance regardless of emotional processes. It is suggested that processes related to PRL are related to premotor activities of behavioral inhibitions and emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Hayashi
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan.
| | - Ayami Tsuru
- School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Fumi Kishida
- Department of Kansei Science, Graduate School of Integrated Frontier Sciences, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Yeon-Kyu Kim
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Yuki Motomura
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1 Shiobaru, Minamiku, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
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Dir AL, Hummer TA, Aalsma MC, Hulvershorn LA. Pubertal influences on neural activation during risky decision-making in youth with ADHD and disruptive behavior disorders. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100634. [PMID: 30889545 PMCID: PMC6560631 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk-taking during adolescence is a leading cause of mortality; Neuroscience research examining pubertal effects on decision-making is needed to better inform interventions, particularly among youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), who are particularly prone to risky decision-making. We examined effects of pubertal development on risky decision-making and neural activation during decision-making among youth with ADHD/DBDs. METHOD Forty-six 11-12-year-olds (29.4% girls; 54.9% white; Tanner M(SD) = 2.08(1.32)) who met DSM-5 criteria for ADHD/DBD completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) during fMRI scanning. We examined effects of Tanner stage, sex, and age on risky decision-making (mean wager at which individuals stopped balloon inflation) and neural activation in the middle frontal gyrus and the ventral striatum during the choice and outcome phases of decision-making. RESULTS Those in earlier pubertal stages made riskier decisions during the BART compared to those in later Tanner stages (β=-0.62, p = .02). Later pubertal stage was associated with greater activation in the left middle frontal gyrus (β=0.61, p = .03) during the choice phase and in the right ventral striatum in response to rewards (β=0.59, p = .03). CONCLUSION Youth with ADHD/DBD in later stages of puberty, regardless of age, show greater ventral striatal activation in response to rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Dir
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Tom A Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew C Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Leslie A Hulvershorn
- Adolescent Behavioral Health Research Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Hayakawa S, Marian V. Consequences of multilingualism for neural architecture. Behav Brain Funct 2019; 15:6. [PMID: 30909931 PMCID: PMC6432751 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-019-0157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Hayakawa
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Viorica Marian
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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Donaldson KR, Roach BJ, Ford JM, Lai K, Sreenivasan KK, Mathalon DH. Effects of conflict and strategic processing on neural responses to errors in schizophrenia. Biol Psychol 2018; 140:9-18. [PMID: 30428312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) and error-positivity (Pe) are commonly linked to error-detection and strategic processing. Studies have documented the influence of conflict probability on ERN amplitude. However, the influence of conflict probability on ERN/Pe in schizophrenia, where such components are reduced, is unknown. A modified flanker paradigm was used to examine how the probability of conflict modulates ERN and Pe amplitudes in patients with schizophrenia (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 25). Increased ERN was observed in response to errors on low probability, incongruent trials. No such differences were observed in Pe. While ERN and Pe showed significantly reduced amplitudes in patients relative to controls, patients showed normal condition-dependent ERN and reaction-time modulation. This suggests that while the neural mechanisms generating the ERN and Pe are compromised in schizophrenia, those modulating task performance strategy and neurophysiological responses to errors based on conflict probability are intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Donaldson
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
| | - Brian J Roach
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
| | - Judith M Ford
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Karen Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Kartik K Sreenivasan
- Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, 19 Washington Square North, New York, NY, 10011, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.
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43
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Meyer A, Nelson B, Perlman G, Klein DN, Kotov R. A neural biomarker, the error-related negativity, predicts the first onset of generalized anxiety disorder in a large sample of adolescent females. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:1162-1170. [PMID: 29665048 PMCID: PMC6192876 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increased neural response to making mistakes has emerged as a potential biomarker of anxiety across development. The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential elicited when people make mistakes on simple laboratory-based reaction time tasks that has been associated with risk for anxiety. This study examined whether the ERN prospectively predicted the first onset of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) over 1.5 years in adolescent girls. METHODS The sample included 457 girls between the ages of 13.5 and 15.5 years, with no history of GAD. At baseline, the ERN was measured using a flankers task. Psychiatric history of the adolescent and biological parent was assessed with diagnostic interviews, and the adolescent completed a self-report questionnaire regarding anxiety symptoms. Approximately 1.5 years later, adolescents completed the same interview. RESULTS An increased neural response to errors at baseline predicted first-onset GAD over 1.5 years. The ERN was a significant predictor independent of other prominent risk factors, including baseline anxiety and depression symptoms and parental lifetime psychiatric history. Jointly the ERN and social anxiety symptoms provided the greatest power for predicting first-onset GAD. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the utility of the ERN as a biomarker of risk for GAD during a key developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Psychology, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Brady Nelson
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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44
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Impaired conflict monitoring near the hands: Neurophysiological evidence. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:41-47. [PMID: 30121288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that hand-stimulus proximity enhances the visuo-motor Simon effect. The present study used event-related potentials (ERP) to examine the timing at which hand-stimulus proximity modulates the Simon effect. The results show that the P1 and N1 components were not modulated by hand-stimulus proximity, suggesting that early sensory processing is not altered by hand-stimulus proximity. However, the interference effect (the difference between incompatible versus compatible trials) on the N2 component was significantly attenuated near the hands compared to far from the hands, indicating that hand-stimulus proximity impairs conflict monitoring. We also found significant effects on a later component, as the P3 was reduced and had a shorter latency for the hand-proximal condition relative to the hand-distal condition. These new findings suggest that the critical stage at which hand-stimulus proximity affects cognitive processing lies past the early perceptual processing, acting instead on later stages of processing related to executive functioning.
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45
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Lavro D, Ben-Shachar MS, Saville CWN, Klein C, Berger A. Testing the bottleneck account for post-error slowing beyond the post-error response. Biol Psychol 2018; 138:81-90. [PMID: 30121286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bottleneck account for post-error slowing assumes that cognitive resources are depleted after errors and thus the processing of subsequent events is delayed. To test this, we used a novel speeded-choice task and recorded behavioral measures and ERP (event-related potential) components on five trials following either an erroneous or correct response. We found that participants were slower and less accurate immediately after making an error and that this reduction of performance decayed on the following trials. Moreover, post-correct versus post-error differences in both the visual N1 and the P3 component were found. However, the difference in the P3 component rapidly diminished over time, whereas the differences in the N1 component were still evident in the fourth trial following the erroneous response. The results lay further support to the bottleneck account for post-error slowing and show a combination of early attentional and higher-order processing changes that occur after erroneous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Lavro
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Mattan S Ben-Shachar
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Greece
| | - Andrea Berger
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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Joch M, Hegele M, Maurer H, Müller H, Maurer LK. Accuracy of Motor Error Predictions for Different Sensory Signals. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1376. [PMID: 30131740 PMCID: PMC6090479 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting and evaluating errors in action execution is essential for learning. Through complex interactions of the inverse and the forward model, the human motor system can predict and subsequently adjust ongoing or subsequent actions. Inputs to such a prediction are efferent and afferent signals from various sources. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of visual as well as a combination of efferent and proprioceptive input signals to error prediction in a complex motor task. Predicting motor errors has been shown to be correlated with a neural signal known as the error-related negativity (Ne/ERN). Here, we tested how the Ne/ERN amplitude was modulated by the availability of different sensory signals in a semi-virtual throwing task where the action outcome (hit or miss of the target) was temporally delayed relative to movement execution allowing participants to form predictions about the outcome prior to the availability of knowledge of results. 19 participants practiced the task and electroencephalogram was recorded in two test conditions. In the Visual condition, participants received only visual input by passively observing the throwing movement. In the EffProp condition, participants actively executed the task while visual information about the real and the virtual effector was occluded. Hence, only efferent and proprioceptive signals were available. Results show a significant modulation of the Ne/ERN in the Visual condition while no effect could be observed in the EffProp condition. In addition, amplitudes of the feedback-related negativity in response to the actual outcome feedback were found to be inversely related to the Ne/ERN amplitudes. Our findings indicate that error prediction is modulated by the availability of input signals to the forward model. The observed amplitudes were found to be attenuated in comparison to previous studies, in which all efferent and sensory inputs were present. Furthermore, we assume that visual signals are weighted higher than proprioceptive signals, at least in goal-oriented tasks with visual targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joch
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hegele
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heiko Maurer
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann Müller
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lisa K Maurer
- Neuromotor Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Lamm C, Troller-Renfree SV, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA, Fox NA. Impact of early institutionalization on attention mechanisms underlying the inhibition of a planned action. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:339-346. [PMID: 29908954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Institutional rearing is associated with deficits in executive functions, such as inhibitory control, and may contribute to later externalizing behavior problems. In the current study, we explored the impact of institutional rearing on attention in the context of inhibiting a planned action. As part of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP), children were randomized to either remain in the institutions in which they lived (Care as Usual Group) or be placed into foster family homes (Foster Care Group). We also recruited age and gender matched never-institutionalized (NIG) children from the Bucharest community. We examined differences in behavioral and Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during a go-no-go task when children were 12 years old. Results revealed that the ever-institutionalized group (CAUG and FCG combined) showed slower reaction times, worse performance accuracy, larger P2 activation, and smaller (less negative) N2 activation than the NIG group. Results of a moderation analysis revealed that children who spent more time in institutions and had small N2s showed more externalizing symptoms. These results have implications for the design of treatment approaches for previously institutionalized children with externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Lamm
- Department of Psychological Science, J. William Fulbright College of Arts & Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
| | - Sonya V Troller-Renfree
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Melara RD, Singh S, Hien DA. Neural and Behavioral Correlates of Attentional Inhibition Training and Perceptual Discrimination Training in a Visual Flanker Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:191. [PMID: 29875644 PMCID: PMC5974255 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two groups of healthy young adults were exposed to 3 weeks of cognitive training in a modified version of the visual flanker task, one group trained to discriminate the target (discrimination training) and the other group to ignore the flankers (inhibition training). Inhibition training, but not discrimination training, led to significant reductions in both Garner interference, indicating improved selective attention, and in Stroop interference, indicating more efficient resolution of stimulus conflict. The behavioral gains from training were greatest in participants who showed the poorest selective attention at pretest. Electrophysiological recordings revealed that inhibition training increased the magnitude of Rejection Positivity (RP) to incongruent distractors, an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with inhibitory control. Source modeling of RP uncovered a dipole in the medial frontal gyrus for those participants receiving inhibition training, but in the cingulate gyrus for those participants receiving discrimination training. Results suggest that inhibitory control is plastic; inhibition training improves conflict resolution, particularly in individuals with poor attention skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Melara
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, North Academic Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, North Academic Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Denise A. Hien
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, The City University of New York, North Academic Center, New York, NY, United States
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, United States
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49
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Moran LV, Stoeckel LE, Wang K, Caine CE, Villafuerte R, Calderon V, Baker JT, Ongur D, Janes AC, Evins AE, Pizzagalli DA. Nicotine-induced activation of caudate and anterior cingulate cortex in response to errors in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:789-802. [PMID: 29181816 PMCID: PMC5823729 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine improves attention and processing speed in individuals with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effects of nicotine on cognitive control. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrates blunted activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in response to error and decreased post-error slowing in schizophrenia. METHODS Participants with schizophrenia (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 12) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effects of transdermal nicotine on cognitive control. For each drug condition, participants underwent fMRI while performing the stop signal task where participants attempt to inhibit prepotent responses to "go (motor activation)" signals when an occasional "stop (motor inhibition)" signal appears. Error processing was evaluated by comparing "stop error" trials (failed response inhibition) to "go" trials. Resting-state fMRI data were collected prior to the task. RESULTS Participants with schizophrenia had increased nicotine-induced activation of right caudate in response to errors compared to controls (DRUG × GROUP effect: p corrected < 0.05). Both groups had significant nicotine-induced activation of dACC and rACC in response to errors. Using right caudate activation to errors as a seed for resting-state functional connectivity analysis, relative to controls, participants with schizophrenia had significantly decreased connectivity between the right caudate and dACC/bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we replicated prior findings of decreased post-error slowing in schizophrenia and found that nicotine was associated with more adaptive (i.e., increased) post-error reaction time (RT). This proof-of-concept pilot study suggests a role for nicotinic agents in targeting cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Moran
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Correspondence to: Lauren Moran, MD McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, AB3S Belmont MA, 02478
| | - Luke E. Stoeckel
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Calderon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Justin T. Baker
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Dost Ongur
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Amy C. Janes
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
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Huang LY, She HC, Jung TP. Neural Oscillation Correlates Chemistry Decision-Making. Int J Neural Syst 2018; 28:1750031. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065717500319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics during a chemistry-related decision-making task and further examined whether the correctness of the decision-making performance could be reflected by EEG activity. A total of 66 undergraduate students’ EEG were collected while they participated in a chemistry-related decision-making task in which they had to retrieve the relevant chemistry concepts in order to make correct decisions for each task item. The results showed that it was only in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) cluster that distinct patterns in EEG dynamics were displayed for the correct and incorrect responses. The logistic regression results indicated that ACC theta power from 300[Formula: see text]ms to 250[Formula: see text]ms before stimulus onset was the most informative factor for estimating the likelihood of making correct decisions in the chemistry-related decision-making task, while it was the ACC low beta power from 150[Formula: see text]ms to 250[Formula: see text]ms after stimulus onset. The results suggested that the ACC theta augmentation before the stimulus onset serves to actively maintain the relevant information for retrieval from long-term memory, while the ACC low beta augmentation after the stimulus onset may serve the function of mapping the encoded stimulus onto the relevant criteria that the given participant has held within his or her mind to guide the decision-making responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Huang
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching She
- Institute of Education, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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