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Mancini M, Calculli A, Di Martino D, Pisani A. Interplay between endocannabinoids and dopamine in the basal ganglia: implications for pain in Parkinson's disease. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2024; 4:33. [PMID: 38745258 PMCID: PMC11094869 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-024-00169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a complex phenomenon, and basal ganglia circuitry integrates many aspects of pain including motor, emotional, autonomic, and cognitive responses. Perturbations in dopamine (DA) signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic pain due to its involvement in both pain perception and relief. Several lines of evidence support the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the regulation of many electrical and chemical aspects of DAergic neuron function including excitability, synaptic transmission, integration, and plasticity. However, eCBs play an even more intricate and intimate relationship with DA, as indicated by the adaptive changes in the eCB system following DA depletion. Although the precise mechanisms underlying DA control on pain are not fully understood, given the high correlation of eCB and DAergic system, it is conceivable that eCBs may be part of these mechanisms.In this brief survey, we describe the reciprocal regulation of eCB-DA neurotransmission with a particular emphasis on the actions of eCBs on ionic and synaptic signaling in DAergic neurons mediated by CB receptors or independent on them. Furthermore, we analyze the eCB-DA imbalance which characterizes pain condition and report the implications of reduced DA levels for pain in Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we discuss the potential of the eCB-DA system in the development of future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mancini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Calculli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Deborah Di Martino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, c/o Mondino Foundation Via Mondino, 2, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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Baddenhausen S, Lutz B, Hofmann C. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor signaling in dopaminergic Engrailed-1 expressing neurons modulates motivation and depressive-like behavior. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1379889. [PMID: 38660383 PMCID: PMC11042029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1379889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system comprises highly versatile signaling functions within the nervous system. It is reported to modulate the release of several neurotransmitters, consequently affecting the activity of neuronal circuits. Investigations have highlighted its roles in numerous processes, including appetite-stimulating characteristics, particularly for palatable food. Moreover, endocannabinoids are shown to fine-tune dopamine-signaled processes governing motivated behavior. Specifically, it has been demonstrated that excitatory and inhibitory inputs controlled by the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) regulate dopaminergic neurons in the mesocorticolimbic pathway. In the present study, we show that mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) express CB1, and we investigated the consequences of specific deletion of CB1 in cells expressing the transcription factor Engrailed-1 (En1). To this end, we validated a new genetic mouse line EN1-CB1-KO, which displays a CB1 knockout in mesDA neurons beginning from their differentiation, as a tool to elucidate the functional contribution of CB1 in mesDA neurons. We revealed that EN1-CB1-KO mice display a significantly increased immobility time and shortened latency to the first immobility in the forced swim test of adult mice. Moreover, the maximal effort exerted to obtain access to chocolate-flavored pellets was significantly reduced under a progressive ratio schedule. In contrast, these mice do not differ in motor skills, anhedonia- or anxiety-like behavior compared to wild-type littermates. Taken together, these findings suggest a depressive-like or despair behavior in an inevitable situation and a lack of motivation to seek palatable food in EN1-CB1-KO mice, leading us to propose that CB1 plays an important role in the physiological functions of mesDA neurons. In particular, our data suggest that CB1 directly modifies the mesocorticolimbic pathway implicated in depressive-like/despair behavior and motivation. In contrast, the nigrostriatal pathway controlling voluntary movement seems to be unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baddenhausen
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Clementine Hofmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Lu C, Li S, Li Y, Zhang X, Chi J, Jiang Q, Ma Y, Shi X, Wang L, Li J. Associations between polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene, cognitive impairments and tardive dyskinesia in a Chinese population with schizophrenia. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148579. [PMID: 37739333 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medically induced movement disorder that occurs as a result of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, commonly seen in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). The study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CNR1 gene, TD and cognitive impairments in a Chinese population with SCZ. METHODS A total of 216 SCZ patients were recruited. The participants were divided into TD and without TD (WTD) groups using the Schooler-Kane International Diagnostic Criteria. The severity of TD was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) scale. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests, chained disequilibrium analyses and haplotype analyses were performed using SHE-sis software. To explore the main effects of TD diagnosis, genotype and cognitive function, as well as interaction effects, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed. RESULTS The prevalence of TD was approximately 27.3%. Significant differences were observed in the rs806368 CT genotype and rs806370 TC genotype within the hypercongenic pattern between the male TD and WTD groups (OR = 2.508, 95% CI: 1.055-5.961, p = 0.037; OR = 2.552, 95% CI: 1.073-6.069, p = 0.034). Among TD patients, those carrying the rs806368 CC genotype exhibited higher limb trunk scores (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in visuospatial/construction between the TD and WTD groups (p = 0.04), and a borderline significant difference in visuospatial/construction when considering the interaction between TD diagnosis and genotype at the rs806368 locus (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION CNR1 rs806368 and rs806370 polymorphisms may play a role in TD susceptibility. Additionally, CNR1 gene polymorphisms were associated with the severity of involuntary movements and cognitive impairments in TD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Lu
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jinghui Chi
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qiaona Jiang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Xiaomei Shi
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China.
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Mariani Y, Covelo A, Rodrigues RS, Julio-Kalajzić F, Pagano Zottola AC, Lavanco G, Fabrizio M, Gisquet D, Drago F, Cannich A, Baufreton J, Marsicano G, Bellocchio L. Striatopallidal cannabinoid type-1 receptors mediate amphetamine-induced sensitization. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5011-5022.e6. [PMID: 37879332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to psychostimulants, such as amphetamine, causes a long-lasting enhancement in the behavioral responses to the drug, called behavioral sensitization.1 This phenomenon involves several neuronal systems and brain areas, among which the dorsal striatum plays a key role.2 The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been proposed to participate in this effect, but the neuronal basis of this interaction has not been investigated.3 In the CNS, the ECS exerts its functions mainly acting through the cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptor, which is highly expressed at terminals of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) belonging to both the direct and indirect pathways.4 In this study, we show that, although striatal CB1 receptors are not involved in the acute response to amphetamine, the behavioral sensitization and related synaptic changes require the activation of CB1 receptors specifically located at striatopallidal MSNs (indirect pathway). These results highlight a new mechanism of psychostimulant sensitization, a phenomenon that plays a key role in the health-threatening effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Mariani
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Covelo
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Antonio C Pagano Zottola
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; University of Palermo, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro," 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michela Fabrizio
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, 5 Université PSL, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Doriane Gisquet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Astrid Cannich
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Kibret BG, Canseco-Alba A, Onaivi ES, Engidawork E. Crosstalk between the endocannabinoid and mid-brain dopaminergic systems: Implication in dopamine dysregulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1137957. [PMID: 37009000 PMCID: PMC10061032 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1137957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and the expanded endocannabinoid system (ECS)-"endocannabinoidome", consists of the endogenous ligands, eCBs, their canonical and non-canonical receptor subtypes, and their synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes. This system modulates a wide range of body functions and acts as a retrograde signaling system within the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibition of classical transmitters, and plays a vital modulatory function on dopamine, a major neurotransmitter in the CNS. Dopamine is involved in different behavioral processes and contributes to different brain disorders-including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. After synthesis in the neuronal cytosol, dopamine is packaged into synaptic vesicles until released by extracellular signals. Calcium dependent neuronal activation results in the vesicular release of dopamine and interacts with different neurotransmitter systems. The ECS, among others, is involved in the regulation of dopamine release and the interaction occurs either through direct or indirect mechanisms. The cross-talk between the ECS and the dopaminergic system has important influence in various dopamine-related neurobiological and pathologic conditions and investigating this interaction might help identify therapeutic targets and options in disorders of the CNS associated with dopamine dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Geresu Kibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Ana Canseco-Alba
- Direction de Investigacion, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocircirugia “Manuel Velasco Suarez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel S. Onaivi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ferré S, Sarasola LI, Quiroz C, Ciruela F. Presynaptic adenosine receptor heteromers as key modulators of glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109329. [PMID: 36375695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine plays a very significant role in modulating striatal glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. In the present essay we first review the extensive evidence that indicates this modulation is mediated by adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1Rs and A2ARs) differentially expressed by the components of the striatal microcircuit that include cortico-striatal glutamatergic and mesencephalic dopaminergic terminals, and the cholinergic interneuron. This microcircuit mediates the ability of striatal glutamate release to locally promote dopamine release through the intermediate activation of cholinergic interneurons. A1Rs and A2ARs are colocalized in the cortico-striatal glutamatergic terminals, where they form A1R-A2AR and A2AR-cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) heteromers. We then evaluate recent findings on the unique properties of A1R-A2AR and A2AR-CB1R heteromers, which depend on their different quaternary tetrameric structure. These properties involve different allosteric mechanisms in the two receptor heteromers that provide fine-tune modulation of adenosine and endocannabinoid-mediated striatal glutamate release. Finally, we evaluate the evidence supporting the use of different heteromers containing striatal adenosine receptors as targets for drug development for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, based on the ability or inability of the A2AR to demonstrate constitutive activity in the different heteromers, and the ability of some A2AR ligands to act preferentially as neutral antagonists or inverse agonists, or to have preferential affinity for a specific A2AR heteromer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Laura I Sarasola
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - César Quiroz
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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7
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Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed in a Subset of Dopamine Neurons and Underlie Cannabinoid-Induced Aversion, Hypoactivity, and Anxiolytic Effects in Mice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:373-385. [PMID: 36517243 PMCID: PMC9864584 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1493-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids modulate dopamine (DA) transmission and DA-related behavior, which has been thought to be mediated initially by activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) on GABA neurons. However, there is no behavioral evidence supporting it. In contrast, here we report that CB1Rs are also expressed in a subset of DA neurons and functionally underlie cannabinoid action in male and female mice. RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) assays demonstrated CB1 mRNA in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1)-positive GABA neurons. The CB1R-expressing DA neurons were located mainly in the middle portion of the VTA with the number of CB1-TH colocalization progressively decreasing from the medial to the lateral VTA. Triple-staining assays indicated CB1R mRNA colocalization with both TH and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VgluT2, a glutamate neuronal marker) in the medial VTA close to the midline of the brain. Optogenetic activation of this population of DA neurons was rewarding as assessed by optical intracranial self-stimulation. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) or ACEA (a selective CB1R agonist) dose-dependently inhibited optical intracranial self-stimulation in DAT-Cre control mice, but not in conditional knockout mice with the CB1R gene absent in DA neurons. In addition, deletion of CB1Rs from DA neurons attenuated Δ9-THC-induced reduction in DA release in the NAc, locomotion, and anxiety. Together, these findings indicate that CB1Rs are expressed in a subset of DA neurons that corelease DA and glutamate, and functionally underlie cannabinoid modulation of DA release and DA-related behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cannabinoids produce a series of psychoactive effects, such as aversion, anxiety, and locomotor inhibition in rodents. However, the cellular and receptor mechanisms underlying these actions are not fully understood. Here we report that CB1 receptors are expressed not only in GABA neurons but also in a subset of dopamine neurons, which are located mainly in the medial VTA close to the midline of the midbrain and corelease dopamine and glutamate. Optogenetic activation of these dopamine neurons is rewarding, which is dose-dependently inhibited by cannabinoids. Selective deletion of CB1 receptor from dopamine neurons blocked cannabinoid-induced aversion, hypoactivity, and anxiolytic effects. These findings demonstrate that dopaminergic CB1 receptors play an important role in mediating cannabinoid action.
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Martinez Ramirez CE, Ruiz-Pérez G, Stollenwerk TM, Behlke C, Doherty A, Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoid signaling in the central nervous system. Glia 2023; 71:5-35. [PMID: 36308424 PMCID: PMC10167744 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to overestimate the influence of the endocannabinoid signaling (ECS) system on central nervous system (CNS) function. In the 40 years since cannabinoids were found to trigger specific cell signaling cascades, studies of the ECS system continue to cause amazement, surprise, and confusion! CB1 cannabinoid receptors are expressed widely in the CNS and regulate cell-cell communication via effects on the release of both neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. CB2 cannabinoid receptors are difficult to detect in the CNS but seem to "punch above their weight" as compounds targeting these receptors have significant effects on inflammatory state and behavior. Positive and negative allosteric modulators for both receptors have been identified and examined in preclinical studies. Concentrations of the endocannabinoid ligands, N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), are regulated by a combination of enzymatic synthesis and degradation and inhibitors of these processes are available and making their way into clinical trials. Importantly, ECS regulates many essential brain functions, including regulation of reward, anxiety, inflammation, motor control, and cellular development. While the field is on the cusp of preclinical discoveries providing impactful clinical and therapeutic insights into many CNS disorders, there is still much to be learned about this remarkable and versatile modulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- César E Martinez Ramirez
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ruiz-Pérez
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Todd M Stollenwerk
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christina Behlke
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashley Doherty
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Iyer V, Rangel-Barajas C, Woodward TJ, Kulkarni A, Cantwell L, Crystal JD, Mackie K, Rebec GV, Thakur GA, Hohmann AG. Negative allosteric modulation of CB 1 cannabinoid receptor signaling suppresses opioid-mediated reward. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106474. [PMID: 36179954 PMCID: PMC9948526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1)-receptor signaling decreases the rewarding properties of many drugs of abuse and has been proposed as an anti-addiction strategy. However, psychiatric side-effects limit the clinical potential of orthosteric CB1 antagonists. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) represent a novel and indirect approach to attenuate CB1 signaling by decreasing affinity and/or efficacy of CB1 ligands. We hypothesized that a CB1-NAM would block opioid reward while avoiding the unwanted effects of orthosteric CB1 antagonists. GAT358, a CB1-NAM, failed to elicit cardinal signs of direct CB1 activation or inactivation when administered by itself. GAT358 decreased catalepsy and hypothermia but not antinociception produced by the orthosteric CB1 agonist CP55,940, suggesting that a CB1-NAM blocked cardinal signs of CB1 activation. Next, GAT358 was evaluated using in vivo assays of opioid-induced dopamine release and reward in male rodents. In the nucleus accumbens shell, a key component of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway, morphine increased electrically-evoked dopamine efflux and this effect was blocked by a dose of GAT358 that lacked intrinsic effects on evoked dopamine efflux. Moreover, GAT358 blocked morphine-induced reward in a conditioned place preference (CPP) assay without producing reward or aversion alone. GAT358-induced blockade of morphine CPP was also occluded by GAT229, a CB1 positive allosteric modulator (CB1-PAM), and absent in CB1-knockout mice. Finally, GAT358 also reduced oral oxycodone (but not water) consumption in a two-bottle choice paradigm. Our results support the therapeutic potential of CB1-NAMs as novel drug candidates aimed at preventing opioid reward and treating opioid abuse while avoiding unwanted side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Taylor J. Woodward
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abhijit Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucas Cantwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathon D. Crystal
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - George V. Rebec
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G. Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA,Corresponding Author: Andrea G. Hohmann, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007,
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10
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Peters KZ, Naneix F. The role of dopamine and endocannabinoid systems in prefrontal cortex development: Adolescence as a critical period. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:939235. [PMID: 36389180 PMCID: PMC9663658 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.939235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex plays a central role in the control of complex cognitive processes including action control and decision making. It also shows a specific pattern of delayed maturation related to unique behavioral changes during adolescence and allows the development of adult cognitive processes. The adolescent brain is extremely plastic and critically vulnerable to external insults. Related to this vulnerability, adolescence is also associated with the emergence of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders involving alterations of prefrontal functions. Within prefrontal microcircuits, the dopamine and the endocannabinoid systems have widespread effects on adolescent-specific ontogenetic processes. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the maturation of the dopamine system and the endocannabinoid system in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence. We discuss how they interact with GABA and glutamate neurons to modulate prefrontal circuits and how they can be altered by different environmental events leading to long-term neurobiological and behavioral changes at adulthood. Finally, we aim to identify several future research directions to help highlight gaps in our current knowledge on the maturation of these microcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Zara Peters
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Naneix
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Fabien Naneix
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11
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. Class A and C GPCR Dimers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2081-2141. [PMID: 35339177 PMCID: PMC9886835 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220327221830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect over 30 million people worldwide with an ascending trend. Most individuals suffering from these irreversible brain damages belong to the elderly population, with onset between 50 and 60 years. Although the pathophysiology of such diseases is partially known, it remains unclear upon which point a disease turns degenerative. Moreover, current therapeutics can treat some of the symptoms but often have severe side effects and become less effective in long-term treatment. For many neurodegenerative diseases, the involvement of G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), which are key players of neuronal transmission and plasticity, has become clearer and holds great promise in elucidating their biological mechanism. With this review, we introduce and summarize class A and class C GPCRs, known to form heterodimers or oligomers to increase their signalling repertoire. Additionally, the examples discussed here were shown to display relevant alterations in brain signalling and had already been associated with the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, we classified the heterodimers into two categories of crosstalk, positive or negative, for which there is known evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal; ,These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; ,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Address correspondence to this author at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; E-mail:
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12
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Zhang LY, Kim AY, Cheer JF. Regulation of glutamate homeostasis in the nucleus accumbens by astrocytic CB1 receptors and its role in cocaine-motivated behaviors. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 3:100022. [PMID: 36419922 PMCID: PMC9681119 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) orchestrate brain reward circuitry and are prevalent neurobiological targets for endocannabinoids and cannabis in the mammalian brain. Decades of histological and electrophysiological studies have established CB1R as presynaptic G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that inhibit neurotransmitter release through retrograde signaling mechanisms. Recent seminal work demonstrates CB1R expression on astrocytes and the pivotal function of glial cells in endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of neuron-astrocyte signaling. Here, we review key facets of CB1R-mediated astroglia regulation of synaptic glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens with a specific emphasis on cocaine-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andrew Y. Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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13
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Braunscheidel KM, Okas MP, Floresco SB, Woodward JJ. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonists alter aspects of risk/reward decision making independent of toluene-mediated effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1337-1347. [PMID: 34291308 PMCID: PMC9885490 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse including cannabis and inhalants impair risk/reward decision making. Cannabis use is often concurrent with inhalant intoxication; yet, preclinical studies investigating the role of endocannabinoids in inhalant misuse are limited. To address this gap in the literature, we used the well-validated probabilistic discounting task to assess risk/reward decision making in rodents following combinations of toluene vapor (a common inhalant) and manipulations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) signaling. As reported previously, acute exposure to toluene vapor disrupted behavioral flexibility during probabilistic discounting. Systemic administration of the CB1R inverse agonist AM281 did not prevent toluene-induced alterations in risky choices, but did independently reduce win-stay behavior, increase choice latency, and increase omissions. Toluene-induced deficits in probabilistic discounting are thought to involve impaired medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity. As we previously reported that some of toluene's inhibitory effects on glutamatergic signaling in the mPFC are endocannabinoid-dependent, we tested the hypothesis that mPFC CB1R activity mediates toluene-induced deficits in discounting. However, bilateral injection of the CB1R inverse agonist AM251 prior to toluene vapor exposure had no effect on toluene-induced changes in risk behavior. In a final set of experiments, we injected the CB1R inverse agonist AM251 (5 and 50 ng), the CB1R agonist WIN55,212-2 (50 ng and 500 ng), or vehicle into the mPFC prior to testing. While mPFC CB1R stimulation did not affect any of the measures tested, the CB1R inverse agonist caused a dose-dependent reduction in win-stay behavior without altering any other measures. Together, these studies indicate that toluene-induced deficits in probabilistic discounting are largely distinct from CB1R-dependent effects that include decreased effectiveness of positive reinforcement (mPFC CB1Rs), decision making speed, and task engagement (non-mPFC CB1Rs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Braunscheidel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425-5712, USA
| | - Michael P Okas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425-5712, USA
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Colombia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John J Woodward
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 861, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425-5712, USA.
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14
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Ceccarini J, Koole M, Van Laere K. Cannabinoid receptor availability modulates the magnitude of dopamine release in vivo in the human reward system: A preliminary multitracer positron emission tomography study. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13167. [PMID: 35470551 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The established role of dopamine (DA) in the mediation of reward and positive reinforcement, reward processing is strongly influenced by the type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 Rs). Although considerable preclinical evidence has demonstrated several functional CB1 R-DA interactions, the relation between human CB1 R availability, DA release capacity and drug-reinforcing effects has been never investigated so far. Here, we perform a multitracer [18 F]MK-9470 and [18 F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) study in 10 healthy male subjects using a placebo-controlled and single-blinded amphetamine (AMPH) (30 mg) administration paradigm to (1) investigate possible functional interactions between CB1 R expression levels and DA release capacity in a normo-DAergic state, relating in vivo AMPH-induced DA release to CB1 R availability, and (2) to test the hypothesis that the influence of striatal DAergic signalling on the positive reinforcing effects of AMPH may be regulated by prefrontal CB1 R levels. Compared with placebo, AMPH significantly reduced [18 F]fallypride binding potential (hence increase DA release; ΔBPND ranging from -6.1% to -9.6%) in both striatal (p < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons) and limbic extrastriatal regions (p ≤ 0.04, uncorrected). Subjects who reported a greater dopaminergic response in the putamen also showed higher CB1 R availability in the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r = 0.72; p = 0.02), which are regions involved in salience attribution, motivation and decision making. On the other hand, the magnitude of DA release was greater in those subjects with lower CB1 R availability in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (r = -0.66; p = 0.03). Also, the correlation between the DA release in the nucleus accumbens with the subjective AMPH effect liking was mediated through the CB1 R availability in the ACC (c' = -0.76; p = 0.01). Our small preliminary study reports for the first time that the human prefrontal CB1 R availability is a determinant of DA release within both the ventral and dorsal reward corticostriatal circuit, contributing to a number of studies supporting the existence of an interaction between CB1 R and DA receptors at the molecular and behavioural level. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation in pathological conditions characterized by hypo/hyper excitability to DA release such as addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
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15
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Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Is Required for Neurodevelopment of Striosome-Dendron Bouquets. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0318-21.2022. [PMID: 35361667 PMCID: PMC9007419 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0318-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) has strong effects on neurogenesis and axon pathfinding in the prenatal brain. Endocannabinoids that activate CB1R are abundant in the early postnatal brain and in mother's milk, but few studies have investigated their function in newborns. We examined postnatal CB1R expression in the major striatonigral circuit from striosomes of the striatum to the dopamine-containing neurons of the substantia nigra. CB1R enrichment was first detectable between postnatal day (P)5 and P7, and this timing coincided with the formation of "striosome-dendron bouquets," the elaborate anatomic structures by which striosomal neurons control dopaminergic cell activity through inhibitory synapses. In Cnr1-/- knock-out mice lacking CB1R expression, striosome-dendron bouquets were markedly disorganized by P11 and at adulthood, suggesting a postnatal pathfinding connectivity function for CB1R in connecting striosomal axons and dopaminergic neurons analogous to CB1R's prenatal function in other brain regions. Our finding that CB1R plays a major role in postnatal wiring of the striatonigral dopamine-control system, with lasting consequences at least in mice, points to a crucial need to determine whether lactating mothers' use of CB1R agonists (e.g., in marijuana) or antagonists (e.g., type 2 diabetes therapies) can disrupt brain development in nursing offspring.
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16
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Sivils A, Wang JQ, Chu XP. Striatonigrostriatal Spirals in Addiction. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:803501. [PMID: 34955762 PMCID: PMC8703003 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.803501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A biological reward system is integral to all animal life and humans are no exception. For millennia individuals have investigated this system and its influences on human behavior. In the modern day, with the US facing an ongoing epidemic of substance use without an effective treatment, these investigations are of paramount importance. It is well known that basal ganglia contribute to rewards and are involved in learning, approach behavior, economic choices, and positive emotions. This review aims to elucidate the physiological role of striatonigrostriatal (SNS) spirals, as part of basal ganglia circuits, in this reward system and their pathophysiological role in perpetuating addiction. Additionally, the main functions of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate and their receptors in SNS circuits will be summarized. With this information, the claim that SNS spirals are crucial intermediaries in the shift from goal-directed behavior to habitual behavior will be supported, making this circuit a viable target for potential therapeutic intervention in those with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiang-Ping Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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17
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Soti M, Ranjbar H, Kohlmeier KA, Shabani M. Parkinson's disease related alterations in cannabinoid transmission. Brain Res Bull 2021; 178:82-96. [PMID: 34808322 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) by neurodegeneration. Recent findings in animal models of PD propose tonic inhibition of the remaining DA neurons through GABA release from reactive glial cells. Movement dysfunctions could be ameliorated by promotion of activity in dormant DA cells. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is extensively present in basal ganglia (BG) and is known as an indirect modulator of DAergic neurotransmission, thus drugs designed to target this system have shown promising therapeutic potential in PD patients. Interestingly, down/up-regulation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) varies across the different stages of PD, suggesting that some of the motor/ non-motor deficits may be related to changes in CBRs. Determination of the profile of changes of these receptors across the different stages of PD as well as their neural distribution within the BG could improve understanding of PD and identify pathways important in disease pathobiology. In this review, we focus on temporal and spatial alterations of CBRs during PD in the BG. At present, as inconclusive, but suggestive results have been obtained, future investigations should be conducted to extend preclinical studies examining CBRs changes within each stage in controlled clinical trials in order to determine the potential of targeting CBRs in management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monavareh Soti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Ranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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18
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Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Regulates Drug Reward Behavior via Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 Transcription. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910486. [PMID: 34638827 PMCID: PMC8508987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and GABAergic neuronal activity is involved in drug abuse-related behavior. However, its role in drug-dependent Pavlovian conditioning is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of a CB1 agonist, JWH-210, on the development of conditioned place preference (CPP)-induced by methamphetamine (METH). Pretreatment with a synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-210 (CB1 agonist), increased METH-induced CPP score and METH-induced dopamine release in acute striatal slices. Interestingly, CB1 was expressed in glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) positive cells, and overexpression of CB1 increased GAD67 expression, while CB1 knockdown reduced GAD67 expression in vivo and in vitro. GAD67 is known as an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GABA. CB1 knockdown in the mice striatum increased METH-induced CPP. When GAD67 decreased in the mice striatum, mRNA level of CB1 did not change, suggesting that CB1 can regulate GAD67 expression. GAD67 knockdown in the mouse striatum augmented apomorphine (dopamine receptor D2 agonist)–induced climbing behavior and METH-induced CPP score. Moreover, in the human brain, mRNA level of GAD67 was found to be decreased in drug users. Therefore, we suggest that CB1 potentiates METH-induced CPP through inhibitory GABAergic regulation of dopaminergic neuronal activity.
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19
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Covey DP, Yocky AG. Endocannabinoid Modulation of Nucleus Accumbens Microcircuitry and Terminal Dopamine Release. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:734975. [PMID: 34497503 PMCID: PMC8419321 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.734975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is located in the ventromedial portion of the striatum and is vital to valence-based predictions and motivated action. The neural architecture of the NAc allows for complex interactions between various cell types that filter incoming and outgoing information. Dopamine (DA) input serves a crucial role in modulating NAc function, but the mechanisms that control terminal DA release and its effect on NAc neurons continues to be elucidated. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as an important filter of neural circuitry within the NAc that locally shapes terminal DA release through various cell type- and site-specific actions. Here, we will discuss how eCB signaling modulates terminal DA release by shaping the activity patterns of NAc neurons and their afferent inputs. We then discuss recent technological advancements that are capable of dissecting how distinct cell types, their afferent projections, and local neuromodulators influence valence-based actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Covey
- Department of Neuroscience, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alyssa G Yocky
- Department of Neuroscience, Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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20
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In vivo Bidirectional Modulation of Cannabinoid on the Activity of Globus Pallidus in Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 468:123-138. [PMID: 34129911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are bioactive substances which participate in central motor control. The globus pallidus (GP) is a major nucleus in the basal ganglia circuit, which plays an important function in movement regulation. Both cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) are expressed in the GP suggesting GP as a main action area of endocannabinoids. To investigate the direct electrophysiological and behavioral effects of cannabinoids in GP, in vivo single unit extracellular recordings and behavioral tests were performed in rats. Administration of WIN 55,212-2 exerted three neuronal response patterns from all sampled neurons of GP, including (1) increase of the firing rate; (2) decrease of the firing rate; (3) increase and then decrease of the firing rate. Selectively blocking CB1R by AM 251 decreased the firing rate and increased the firing rate. Selectively blocking CB2R by AM 630 did not change the firing rate significantly, which suggested that endocannabinoids modulated the spontaneous firing activity of pallidal neurons mainly via CB1R. Furthermore, co-application of AM 251, but not AM 630, blocked WIN 55,212-2-induced modulation of firing activity of pallidal neurons. Finally, both haloperidol-induced postural behavioral test and elevated body swing test (EBST) showed that unilateral microinjection of WIN 55,212-2 mainly induced contralateral-biased swing and deflection behaviors. Meanwhile, AM 251 produced opposite effect. The present in vivo study revealed that cannabinoids produced complicated electrophysiological and behavioral effects in the GP, which further demonstrated that the GP is a major functional region of endocannabinoid.
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21
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Oleson EB, Hamilton LR, Gomez DM. Cannabinoid Modulation of Dopamine Release During Motivation, Periodic Reinforcement, Exploratory Behavior, Habit Formation, and Attention. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:660218. [PMID: 34177546 PMCID: PMC8222827 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.660218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivational and attentional processes energize action sequences to facilitate evolutionary competition and promote behavioral fitness. Decades of neuropharmacology, electrophysiology and electrochemistry research indicate that the mesocorticolimbic DA pathway modulates both motivation and attention. More recently, it was realized that mesocorticolimbic DA function is tightly regulated by the brain's endocannabinoid system and greatly influenced by exogenous cannabinoids-which have been harnessed by humanity for medicinal, ritualistic, and recreational uses for 12,000 years. Exogenous cannabinoids, like the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, produce their effects by acting at binding sites for naturally occurring endocannabinoids. The brain's endocannabinoid system consists of two G-protein coupled receptors, endogenous lipid ligands for these receptor targets, and several synthetic and metabolic enzymes involved in their production and degradation. Emerging evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is necessary to observe concurrent increases in DA release and motivated behavior. And the historical pharmacology literature indicates a role for cannabinoid signaling in both motivational and attentional processes. While both types of behaviors have been scrutinized under manipulation by either DA or cannabinoid agents, there is considerably less insight into prospective interactions between these two important signaling systems. This review attempts to summate the relevance of cannabinoid modulation of DA release during operant tasks designed to investigate either motivational or attentional control of behavior. We first describe how cannabinoids influence DA release and goal-directed action under a variety of reinforcement contingencies. Then we consider the role that endocannabinoids might play in switching an animal's motivation from a goal-directed action to the search for an alternative outcome, in addition to the formation of long-term habits. Finally, dissociable features of attentional behavior using both the 5-choice serial reaction time task and the attentional set-shifting task are discussed along with their distinct influences by DA and cannabinoids. We end with discussing potential targets for further research regarding DA-cannabinoid interactions within key substrates involved in motivation and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Oleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Lindsey R. Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Devan M. Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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22
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Röpke J, Ferreira-Vieira TH, Iglesias LP, Asth L, Ribeiro FM, Moreira FA. Protective role of endocannabinoid signaling in an animal model of haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 206:173193. [PMID: 33933537 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a side effect associated with the long-term use of certain antipsychotics. Considering the modulatory role of the endocannabinoid system upon dopaminergic neurotransmission, the present study tested the hypothesis that increasing endocannabinoid (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) levels attenuates haloperidol-induced TD (vacuous chewing movements, VCMs) in male Wistar rats. The animals received administration of chronic haloperidol (38 mg/kg; 29 days) followed by acute FAAH (URB597, 0.1-0.5 mg/kg) or MAGL (JZL184, 1-10 mg/kg) inhibitors before VCM quantification. The underlying mechanisms were evaluated by pre-treatments with a CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251, 1 mg/kg) or a TRPV1 channel blocker (SB366791, 1 mg/kg). Moreover, CB1 receptor expression was evaluated in the striatum of high-VCM animals. As expected, haloperidol induced VCMs only in a subset of rats. Either FAAH or MAGL inhibition reduced VCMs. These effects were prevented by CB1 receptor antagonism, but not by TRPV1 blockage. Remarkably, CB1 receptor expression was increased high-VCM rats, with a positive correlation between the levels of CB1 expression and the number of VCMs. In conclusion, increasing endocannabinoid levels results in CB1 receptor-mediated protection against haloperidol-induced TD in rats. The increased CB1 receptor expression after chronic haloperidol treatment suggests a counter-regulatory protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jivago Röpke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Talita H Ferreira-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lia P Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabrício A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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23
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Fuerte-Hortigón A, Gonçalves J, Zeballos L, Masa R, Gómez-Nieto R, López DE. Distribution of the Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 in the Brain of the Genetically Audiogenic Seizure-Prone Hamster GASH/Sal. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:613798. [PMID: 33841106 PMCID: PMC8024637 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.613798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system modulates epileptic seizures by regulating neuronal excitability. It has become clear that agonist activation of central type I cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) reduces epileptogenesis in pre-clinical animal models of epilepsy. The audiogenic seizure-prone hamster GASH/Sal is a reliable experimental model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in response to intense sound stimulation. However, no studies hitherto had investigated CB1R in the GASH/Sal. Although the distribution of CB1R has been extensively studied in mammalian brains, their distribution in the Syrian golden hamster brain also remains unknown. The objective of this research is to determine by immunohistochemistry the differential distribution of CB1R in the brains of GASH/Sal animals under seizure-free conditions, by comparing the results with wild-type Syrian hamsters as controls. CB1R in the GASH/Sal showed a wide distribution in many nuclei of the central nervous system. These patterns of CB1R-immunolabeling are practically identical between the GASH/Sal model and control animals, varying in the intensity of immunostaining in certain regions, being slightly weaker in the GASH/Sal than in the control, mainly in brain regions associated with epileptic networks. The RT-qPCR analysis confirms these results. In summary, our study provides an anatomical basis for further investigating CB1R in acute and kindling audiogenic seizure protocols in the GASH/Sal model as well as exploring CB1R activation via exogenously administered cannabinoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejando Fuerte-Hortigón
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Virgen Macarena Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jaime Gonçalves
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Zeballos
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Masa
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E López
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Ney LJ, Akhurst J, Bruno R, Laing PAF, Matthews A, Felmingham KL. Dopamine, endocannabinoids and their interaction in fear extinction and negative affect in PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110118. [PMID: 32991952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There currently exist few frameworks for common neurobiology between reexperiencing and negative cognitions and mood symptoms of PTSD. Adopting a dopaminergic framework for PTSD unites many aspects of unique symptom clusters, and this approach also links PTSD symptomology to common comorbidities with a common neurobiological deficiency. Here we review the dopamine literature and incorporate it with a growing field of research that describes both the contribution of endocannabinoids to fear extinction and PTSD, as well as the interactions between dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems underlying this disorder. Based on current evidence, we outline an early, preliminary model that links re-experiencing and negative cognitions and mood in PTSD by invoking the interaction between endocannabinoid and dopaminergic signalling in the brain. These interactions between PTSD, dopamine and endocannabinoids may have implications for future therapies for treatment-resistant and comorbid PTSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Jane Akhurst
- School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Patrick A F Laing
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Australia
| | | | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Genetic deletion of dopamine D1 receptors increases the sensitivity to cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist-precipitated withdrawal when compared with wild-type littermates: studies in female mice repeatedly exposed to the Spice cannabinoid HU-210. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:551-557. [PMID: 33410990 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The emergence of the consumption of highly potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (spice drugs) that produce important neurological symptoms has prompted the research on the consequences of acute and chronic use of these new psychoactive substances. Most studies on cannabinoid dependence have been performed in male animals, and there is a need of studies using female subjects. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we evaluated only in female animals the role of dopamine D1 receptors in the behavioral responses induced by acute and repeated stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors, including the development of physical dependence, since cannabinoid CB1 receptors are co-localized with dopamine D1 receptors on GABAergic neurons projecting to the substantia nigra. METHODS To this end, female dopamine D1 receptor-deficient mice and wild-type littermates were treated with HU-210, a potent synthetic cannabinoid agonist. RESULTS Mutant mice displayed an enhanced response to acute motor and hypothermic effects to HU-210 when compared with wild-type females. The administration of SR141716A precipitated behavioral signs of withdrawal in mice treated subchronically with HU-210. Severity of cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome was potentiated in dopamine D1-deficient female mice. Indeed, 4 of 6 abstinence signs were increased in mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS These results support for a role of dopamine D1 receptors in the acute, chronic, and withdrawal actions of spice drugs.
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Everett TJ, Gomez DM, Hamilton LR, Oleson EB. Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine release during reward seeking, interval timing, and avoidance. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110031. [PMID: 32663486 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are neuromodulators that influence a wide range of neural systems and behaviors. In the current review, we describe our recent research showing how eCBs, particularly 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), concurrently shape mesolimbic dopamine (DA) release and associated behavior. We will restrict our discussion by emphasizing three distinct behaviors: reward seeking, interval timing, and active avoidance. During reward seeking we find that 2-AG is necessary to observe cue-evoked DA release events that are thought to represent the value of a rewarding outcome. We then describe data showing that 2-AG modulates unique patterns of DA release and behavior observed under conditions of periodic reinforcement. These data are discussed within the context of interval timing and adjunctive behavior. eCB modulation of DA release is also implicated in defensive behavior, including the avoidance of harm. As in reward seeking, our data suggest that the concentration of DA that is evoked by a warning signal can represent the value of an avoidance outcome. And, disrupting eCB signaling concomitantly reduces the concentration of the avoidance value signal and active avoidance. Disruptions in reward seeking, interval timing, and defensive behavior are commonly observed in a variety of movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's and Huntington's disease) and disorders of motivation (e.g., addiction). We believe our data on eCB-DA interactions have implications for the development of novel pharmacotherapies to treat these disorders. Thus, we conclude by discussing how eCB pharmacology might be harnessed to treat disorders of movement and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devan M Gomez
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, USA
| | | | - Erik B Oleson
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Integrative Biology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA.
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Peters KZ, Oleson EB, Cheer JF. A Brain on Cannabinoids: The Role of Dopamine Release in Reward Seeking and Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a039305. [PMID: 31964646 PMCID: PMC7778214 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, like all known drugs of abuse, leads to increased dopamine activation within the mesolimbic pathway. Consequent dopamine release within terminal regions of the striatum is a powerful mediator of reward and reinforcement and patterned dopamine release is critical for associative learning processes that are fundamentally involved in addiction. The endocannabinoid system modulates dopamine release at multiple sites, and the receptors, endogenous ligands, and synthetic and metabolic enzymes of the endocannabinoid system may provide key targets for pharmacotherapies to treat disorders of motivation including addiction. Disrupting endocannabinoid signaling decreases drug-induced increases in dopamine release as well those dopamine events evoked by conditioned stimuli during reward seeking. Advances in recording techniques for dopamine are allowing unprecedented examinations of these two interacting systems and elucidating the mechanisms of endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine release in reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Z Peters
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Erik B Oleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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28
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Gomez DM, Everett TJ, Hamilton LR, Ranganath A, Cheer JF, Oleson EB. Chronic cannabinoid exposure produces tolerance to the dopamine releasing effects of WIN 55,212-2 and heroin in adult male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 182:108374. [PMID: 33115642 PMCID: PMC7836093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids were introduced into recreational drug culture in 2008 and quickly became one of the most commonly abused drugs in the United States. The neurobiological consequences resulting from synthetic cannabinoid repeated exposure remain poorly understood. It is possible that a blunted dopamine (DA) response may lead drug users to consume larger quantities to compensate for this form of neurochemical tolerance. Because the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems exhibit considerable cross-talk and cross-tolerance frequently develops following repeated exposure to either opioids or cannabinoids, there is interest in investigating whether a history of synthetic cannabinoid exposure influences the ability of heroin to increase DA release. To test the effects of chronic cannabinoid exposure on cannabinoid- and heroin-evoked DA release, male adult rats were treated with either vehicle or a synthetic cannabinoid (WIN55-212-2; WIN) using an intravenous (IV) dose escalation regimen (0.2-0.8 mg/kg IV over 9 treatments). As predicted, WIN-treated rats showed a rightward shift in the dose-response relationship across all behavioral/physiological measures when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Then, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure changes in the frequency of transient DA events in the nucleus accumbens shell of awake and freely-moving rats, it was observed that the DA releasing effects of both WIN and heroin were significantly reduced in male rats with a pharmacological history of cannabinoid exposure. These results demonstrate that repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid WIN can produce tolerance to its DA releasing effects and cross-tolerance to the DA releasing effects of heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan M Gomez
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Current: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, USA
| | | | | | - Ajit Ranganath
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Erik B Oleson
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Biology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA.
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29
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Pérez-Valenzuela EJ, Andrés Coke ME, Grace AA, Fuentealba Evans JA. Adolescent Exposure to WIN 55212-2 Render the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Pathway Activated During Adulthood. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:626-637. [PMID: 32710782 PMCID: PMC7710918 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, neuronal circuits exhibit plasticity in response to physiological changes and to adapt to environmental events. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways are in constant flux during development. Evidence suggests a relationship between early use of cannabinoids and psychiatric disorders characterized by altered dopaminergic systems, such as schizophrenia and addiction. However, the impact of adolescent exposure to cannabinoids on nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways in adulthood remains unclear. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of repeated activation of cannabinoid receptors during adolescence on dopaminergic activity of nigrostriatal pathways and the mechanisms underlying this impact during adulthood. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1.2 mg/kg WIN 55212-2 daily from postnatal day 40 to 65. Then no-net flux microdialysis of dopamine in the dorsolateral striatum, electrophysiological recording of dopaminergic neuronal activity, and microdialysis measures of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in substantia nigra par compacta were carried out during adulthood (postnatal days 72-78). RESULTS Repeated activation of cannabinoid receptors during adolescence increased the release of dopamine in dorsolateral striatum accompanied by increased population activity of dopamine neurons and decreased extracellular GABA levels in substantia nigra par compacta in adulthood. Furthermore, perfusion of bicuculline, a GABAa antagonist, into the ventral pallidum reversed the increased dopamine neuron population activity in substantia nigra par compacta induced by adolescent cannabinoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adolescent exposure to cannabinoid agonists produces disinhibition of nigrostriatal dopamine transmission during adulthood mediated by decreased GABAergic input from the ventral pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Javier Pérez-Valenzuela
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - María Estela Andrés Coke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - José Antonio Fuentealba Evans
- Department of Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Correspondence: José Antonio Fuentealba, PhD, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ()
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Leija-Salazar M, Bermúdez de León M, González-Horta A, González-Hernández B. Arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic agonist of cannabinoid receptor, increases CB 1R gene expression and reduces dyskinesias in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 194:172950. [PMID: 32413434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
l-Dopa is the most effective drug used for Parkinson's disease (PD), but after long-term treatment, the vast majority of PD patients develop abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) termed l-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Cannabinoid receptors in the basal ganglia can modulate motor functions, but their role in the treatment of LID is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the motor behavior and mRNA expression of the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R), encoded by the Cnr1 gene, in the striatum and globus pallidus of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD. The evaluated rats had 6-hydroxydopamine-induced injury, LID, and LID treated with arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Contralateral turns and AIMs were recorded to assess motor behavior. Gene expression was quantified by reverse transcription coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan probes. Behavioral evaluations demonstrated that dyskinetic rats treated with ACEA had a significant reduction in AIMs compared to the dyskinetic group. The expression of CB1R mRNA was significantly decreased in the 6-hydroxydopamine-injured and dyskinetic rats, compared to intact rats. The striata of dyskinetic rats treated with ACEA exhibited highly significant increases in CB1R mRNA expression. Contrary to results in the striatum, a lower CB1R expression was observed in globus pallidus from dyskinetic ACEA-treated group. In summary, significant differences in mRNA expression of CB1R were found between the evaluated groups of rats, suggesting the occurrence of compensatory mechanisms that may result in the ACEA-mediated reduction of dyskinesias in a rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Leija-Salazar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Mario Bermúdez de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2 de abril 501, Col. Independencia, 64720 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Azucena González-Horta
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Brenda González-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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31
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Chen XY, Xue Y, Chen H, Chen L. The globus pallidus as a target for neuropeptides and endocannabinoids participating in central activities. Peptides 2020; 124:170210. [PMID: 31778724 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The globus pallidus in the basal ganglia plays an important role in movement regulation. Neuropeptides and endocannabinoids are neuronal signalling molecules that influence the functions of the whole brain. Endocannabinoids, enkephalin, substance P, neurotensin, orexin, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptides are richly concentrated in the globus pallidus. Neuropeptides and endocannabinoids exert excitatory or inhibitory effects in the globus pallidus mainly by modulating GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, as well as many ionic mechanisms. Pallidal neuropeptides and endocannabinoids are associated with the pathophysiology of a number of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. The levels of neuropeptides and endocannabinoids and their receptors in the globus pallidus change in neurological diseases. It has been demonstrated that spontaneous firing activity of globus pallidus neurons is closely related to the manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the neuropeptides and endocannabinoids in the globus pallidus may function as potential targets for treatment in some neurological diseases. In this review, we highlight the morphology and function of neuropeptides and endocannabinoids in the globus pallidus and their involvement in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Effects of haloperidol on the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol response in humans: a responder analysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2635-2640. [PMID: 30919005 PMCID: PMC6697616 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) produces psychotomimetic effects in humans. However, the role of dopamine signaling in producing such effects is unclear. We hypothesized that dopaminergic antagonism would reduce the psychotomimetic effect of Δ-9-THC. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether pre-treatment with haloperidol would alter the psychotomimetic and perceptual-altering effects of Δ-9-THC, measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and the Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptom Scale (CADSS) in humans. METHODS In a two-test-day double-blind study, 28 healthy individuals were administered with active (0.057 mg/kg) or placebo oral haloperidol, followed 90 and 215 min later by intravenous administration of active (0.0286 mg/kg) Δ-9-THC and placebo, respectively. This secondary analysis was conducted because of the observation in other studies and in our data that a significant proportion of individuals may not have an adequate response to THC (floor effect), thus limiting the ability to test an interaction. Therefore, this analysis was performed including only responders to THC (n = 10), defined as individuals who had an increase of at least one point on the PANSS positive scale, consistent with prior human laboratory studies. RESULTS In the 10 responders, Δ-9-THC-induced increases in PANSS positive scores were significantly lower in the haloperidol condition (1.1 + 0.35) compared with the placebo condition (2.9 + 0.92). CONCLUSION This responder analysis showed that haloperidol did reduce the psychotomimetic effect of Δ-9-THC, supporting the hypothesis that dopaminergic signaling may participate in the psychosis-like effects of cannabinoids.
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Muzik O, Diwadkar VA. Hierarchical control systems for the regulation of physiological homeostasis and affect: Can their interactions modulate mood and anhedonia? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:251-261. [PMID: 31442518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Predominant concepts assert that conscious willful processes do not assert a significant influence on autonomic functions associated with physiological homeostasis (e.g., thermal regulation). The singular purpose of this review is to promote a reappraisal of concepts regarding the circumscribed role of hierarchical control systems. To effect this reappraisal, we assess the interaction between top-down and bottom-up regulatory mechanisms, specifically by highlighting the intersection between the "physiological" (specifically thermoregulatory pathways) and the "psychological" (specifically mood/anhedonia related processes). This reappraisal suggests that the physiological and psychological processes can interact in unanticipated ways, and is grounded in multiple lines of recent experimental evidence. For example, behavioral techniques that through a combination of hormesis (forced breathing, cold exposure) and meditation appear to exert unusual effects on homeostatic function (cold tolerance) and suppression of aberrant auto-immune responses. The molecular correlates of these effects (the putative release of endogenous cannabinoids and endorphins) may exert salutary effects on mood/anhedonia, even more significant than those exerted by cognitive behavioral techniques or meditation alone. By focusing on this interaction, we present a putative mechanistic model linking physiology with psychology, with particular implications for disturbances of mood/anhedonia. We suggest that volitional changes in breathing patterns can activate primary control centers for descending pain/cold stimuli in periaqueductal gray, initiating a stress-induced analgesic response mediated by endocannabinoid/endorphin release. The analgesic effects, and the feelings of euphoria generated by endocannbinoid release are prolonged via a top-down "outcome expectancy" control mechanism regulated by cortical areas. By focusing on modification strategies that principally target homeostatic function (but may also exert ancillary effects on mood), we articulate a novel framework for how hierarchical control systems for the regulation of physiological homeostasis and affect interact. This interaction may allow practitioners of focused modification strategies to assert increased control over key components of the affective system, allowing for viable treatment approaches for patients with disturbances of mood/anhedonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Muzik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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Buhmann C, Mainka T, Ebersbach G, Gandor F. Evidence for the use of cannabinoids in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:913-924. [PMID: 31131434 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid formulations have now been legally approved in several countries for treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Hence, PD patients consult physicians more frequently for prescription of cannabinoids to alleviate symptoms that might not respond well to dopaminergic treatment. Despite the increasing volume of research generated in the field of cannabinoids and their effect on Parkinson's disease, there is still paucity of sufficient clinical data about the efficacy and safety in PD patients. There is increasing understanding of the endocannabinoid system, and the distribution of cannabinoid receptors in basal ganglia structures might suggest potential benefit on parkinsonian symptoms. Concerning clinical research, only one of to date four conducted randomized placebo-controlled trials showed an effect on motor symptoms with alleviation of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. There are a growing number of uncontrolled trials and case reports that suggest beneficial effects of cannabinoids in PD patients. However, the variety of substances investigated, the varying routes of intake, differing doses and time courses make it difficult to compare data. We here provide an overview of the current literature in this field and discuss a pragmatic approach for the clinical use of cannabinoids in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Mainka
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Ebersbach
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Straße nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
| | - Florin Gandor
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH, Straße nach Fichtenwalde 16, 14547, Beelitz-Heilstätten, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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35
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Antonazzo M, Gutierrez-Ceballos A, Bustinza I, Ugedo L, Morera-Herreras T. Cannabinoids differentially modulate cortical information transmission through the sensorimotor or medial prefrontal basal ganglia circuits. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1156-1169. [PMID: 30735570 PMCID: PMC6451076 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the sensorimotor (SM) and medial prefrontal (mPF) basal ganglia (BG) circuits, the cortical information is transferred to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) through the hyperdirect trans-subthalamic pathway and through the direct and indirect trans-striatal pathways. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor, which is highly expressed in both BG circuits, may participate in the regulation of motor and motivational behaviours. Here, we investigated the modulation of cortico-nigral information transmission through the BG circuits by cannabinoids. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used single-unit recordings of SNr neurons along with simultaneous electrical stimulation of motor or mPF cortex in anaesthetized rats. KEY RESULTS Cortical stimulation elicited a triphasic response in the SNr neurons from both SM and mPF-BG circuits, which consisted of an early excitation (hyperdirect transmission pathway), an inhibition (direct transmission pathway), and a late excitation (indirect transmission pathway). In the SM circuit, after Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol or WIN 55,212-2 administration, the inhibition and the late excitation were decreased or completely lost, whereas the early excitation response remained unaltered. However, cannabinoid administration dramatically decreased all the responses in the mPF circuit. The CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (2 mg·kg-1 , i.v.) did not modify the triphasic response, but blocked the effects induced by cannabinoid agonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CB1 receptor activation modulates the SM information transmission through the trans-striatal pathways and profoundly decreases the cortico-BG transmission through the mPF circuit. These results may be relevant for elucidating the involvement of the cannabinoid system in motor performance and in decision making or goal-directed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Antonazzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Amaia Gutierrez-Ceballos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Irati Bustinza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
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Khan AU, Akram M, Daniyal M, Zainab R. Awareness and current knowledge of Parkinson’s disease: a neurodegenerative disorder. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:55-93. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1486837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, School of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Old Campus, Allama Iqbal Road, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Old Campus, Allama Iqbal Road, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Moreno M, Decara J, Pavon FJ, Stouffer DG, Edwards S, Serrano A, Suárez J, Parsons LH, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Cannabinoid dependence induces sustained changes in GABA release in the globus pallidus without affecting dopamine release in the dorsal striatum: A dual microdialysis probe study. Addict Biol 2018; 23:1251-1261. [PMID: 30421559 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A dual probe microdialysis study was designed to characterize GABA and dopamine (DA) release in the basal ganglia of cannabinoid-dependent Wistar rats. Whereas chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212 (WIN) resulted in increased basal GABA release, the D2 agonist receptor-mediated control of GABA and DA release elicited by quinpirole was similar in both cannabinoid-dependent and non dependent animals. However, quinpirole did induce a greater number of more stereotypies in cannabinoid-dependent animals, indicating a dysregulated behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; San Diego CA USA
- Departamento de Psicologia y CIAIMBITAL, CeiA3; Universidad de Almería; Almería Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavon
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - David G. Stouffer
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; San Diego CA USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; San Diego CA USA
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Loren H. Parsons
- Department of Neuroscience; The Scripps Research Institute; San Diego CA USA
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
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38
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Effects of concurrent blockade of OX2 and CB1 receptors in the ventral tegmental area on nicotine-induced place preference in rats. Neurosci Lett 2018; 684:121-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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39
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Lupica CR, Hoffman AF. Cannabinoid disruption of learning mechanisms involved in reward processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:435-445. [PMID: 30115765 PMCID: PMC6097761 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046748.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of cannabis, its derivatives, and synthetic cannabinoids for medicinal and recreational purposes has led to burgeoning interest in understanding the addictive potential of this class of molecules. It is estimated that ∼10% of marijuana users will eventually show signs of dependence on the drug, and the diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increasing in the United States. The molecule that sustains the use of cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and our knowledge of its effects, and those of other cannabinoids on brain function has expanded rapidly in the past two decades. Additionally, the identification of endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) systems in brain and their roles in physiology and behavior, demonstrate extensive involvement of these lipid signaling molecules in regulating CNS function. Here, we examine roles for endogenous cannabinoids in shaping synaptic activity in cortical and subcortical brain circuits, and we discuss mechanisms in which exogenous cannabinoids, such as Δ9-THC, interact with endocannabinoid systems to disrupt neuronal network oscillations. We then explore how perturbation of the interaction of this activity within brain reward circuits may lead to impaired learning. Finally, we propose that disruption of cellular plasticity mechanisms by exogenous cannabinoids in cortical and subcortical circuits may explain the difficulty in establishing viable cannabinoid self-administration models in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Lupica
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Alexander F Hoffman
- Electrophysiology Research Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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40
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Expression and localization of CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH in the vervet monkey nucleus accumbens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8689. [PMID: 29875385 PMCID: PMC5989267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive rodent literature suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates dopamine (DA) release in this area. However, expression patterns of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), the synthesizing enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), and the degradation enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the NAc have not yet been described in non-human primates. The goal of this study is therefore to characterize the expression and localization of the eCB system within the NAc of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Results show that CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are expressed across the NAc rostrocaudal axis, both in the core and shell. CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are localized in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FSIs). Dopaminergic projections and astrocytes did not express CB1R, NAPE-PLD, or FAAH. These data show that the eCB system is present in the vervet monkey NAc and supports its role in the primate brain reward circuit.
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41
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Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020055. [PMID: 29849009 PMCID: PMC6027162 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of body weight is fundamental to maintain one's health and to promote longevity. Nevertheless, it appears that the global obesity epidemic is still constantly increasing. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid messengers that are involved in overall body weight control by interfering with manifold central and peripheral regulatory circuits that orchestrate energy homeostasis. Initially, blocking of eCB signaling by first generation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) inverse agonists such as rimonabant revealed body weight-reducing effects in laboratory animals and men. Unfortunately, rimonabant also induced severe psychiatric side effects. At this point, it became clear that future cannabinoid research has to decipher more precisely the underlying central and peripheral mechanisms behind eCB-driven control of feeding behavior and whole body energy metabolism. Here, we will summarize the most recent advances in understanding how central eCBs interfere with circuits in the brain that control food intake and energy expenditure. Next, we will focus on how peripheral eCBs affect food digestion, nutrient transformation and energy expenditure by interfering with signaling cascades in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat depots and endocrine glands. To finally outline the safe future potential of cannabinoids as medicines, our overall goal is to address the molecular, cellular and pharmacological logic behind central and peripheral eCB-mediated body weight control, and to figure out how these precise mechanistic insights are currently transferred into the development of next generation cannabinoid medicines displaying clearly improved safety profiles, such as significantly reduced side effects.
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The cannabinoid-1 receptor is abundantly expressed in striatal striosomes and striosome-dendron bouquets of the substantia nigra. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191436. [PMID: 29466446 PMCID: PMC5821318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB1-R) bind endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids to modulate neurotransmitter release. CB1-Rs are expressed throughout the basal ganglia, including striatum and substantia nigra, where they play a role in learning and control of motivated actions. However, the pattern of CB1-R expression across different striatal compartments, microcircuits and efferent targets, and the contribution of different CB1-R-expressing neurons to this pattern, are unclear. We use a combination of conventional techniques and novel genetic models to evaluate CB1-R expression in striosome (patch) and matrix compartments of the striatum, and in nigral targets of striatal medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). CB1-R protein and mRNA follow a descending dorsolateral-to-ventromedial intensity gradient in the caudal striatum, with elevated expression in striosomes relative to the surrounding matrix. The lateral predominance of striosome CB1-Rs contrasts with that of the classical striosomal marker, the mu opioid receptor (MOR), which is expressed most prominently in rostromedial striosomes. The dorsolateral-to-ventromedial CB1-R gradient is similar to Drd2 dopamine receptor immunoreactivity and opposite to Substance P. This topology of CB1-R expression is maintained downstream in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Dense CB1-R-expressing striatonigral fibers extend dorsally within the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and colocalize with bundles of ventrally extending, striosome-targeted, dendrites of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (striosome-dendron bouquets). Within striatum, CB1-Rs colocalize with fluorescently labeled MSN collaterals within the striosomes. Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of CB1-Rs from cortical projection neurons or MSNs, and MSN-selective reintroduction of CB1-Rs in knockout mice, demonstrate that the principal source of CB1-Rs in dorsolateral striosomes is local MSN collaterals. These data suggest a role for CB1-Rs in caudal dorsolateral striosome collaterals and striosome-dendron bouquet projections to lateral substantia nigra, where they are anatomically poised to mediate presynaptic disinhibition of both striosomal MSNs and midbrain dopamine neurons in response to endocannabinoids and cannabinomimetics.
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Cilia R. Molecular Imaging of the Cannabinoid System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:305-345. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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44
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Mateo Y, Johnson KA, Covey DP, Atwood BK, Wang HL, Zhang S, Gildish I, Cachope R, Bellocchio L, Guzmán M, Morales M, Cheer JF, Lovinger DM. Endocannabinoid Actions on Cortical Terminals Orchestrate Local Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens. Neuron 2017; 96:1112-1126.e5. [PMID: 29216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission mediates numerous aspects of behavior. Although DA release is strongly linked to firing of DA neurons, recent developments indicate the importance of presynaptic modulation at striatal dopaminergic terminals. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates DA release and is a canonical gatekeeper of goal-directed behavior. Here we report that extracellular DA increases induced by selective optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are inhibited by CB1 agonists and eCBs. This modulation requires CB1 receptors on cortical glutamatergic afferents. Dopamine increases driven by optogenetic activation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) terminals in the NAc are similarly modulated by activation of these CB1 receptors. We further demonstrate that this same population of CB1 receptors modulates optical self-stimulation sustained by activation of PFC afferents in the NAc. These results establish local eCB actions on PFC terminals within the NAc that inhibit mesolimbic DA release and constrain reward-driven behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Mateo
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kari A Johnson
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dan P Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iness Gildish
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Cachope
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisela Morales
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David M Lovinger
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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45
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Wong SA, Randolph SH, Ivan VE, Gruber AJ. Acute Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration in female rats attenuates immediate responses following losses but not multi-trial reinforcement learning from wins. Behav Brain Res 2017; 335:136-144. [PMID: 28811178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of marijuana and has potent effects on decision-making, including a proposed reduction in cognitive flexibility. We demonstrate here that acute THC administration differentially affects some of the processes that contribute to cognitive flexibility. Specifically, THC reduces lose-shift responding in which female rats tend to immediately shift choice responses away from options that result in reward omission on the previous trial. THC, however, did not impair the ability of rats to flexibly bias responses toward feeders with higher probability of reward in a reversal task. This response adaptation developed over several trials, suggesting that THC did not impair slower forms of reinforcement learning needed to choose among options with unequal utility. This dissociation of THC's effects on innate/rapid and learned/gradual decision-making processes was unexpected, but is supported by emerging evidence that lose-shift responding is mediated by neural mechanisms distinct from those involved in other forms of reinforcement learning. The present data suggest that, at least in some tasks, the apparent reductions in cognitive flexibility by THC may be explained by the immediate effects on loss sensitivity, rather than impairments of all processes used for choice adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wong
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Sienna H Randolph
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Victorita E Ivan
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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46
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Drug-Induced Alterations of Endocannabinoid-Mediated Plasticity in Brain Reward Regions. J Neurosci 2017; 36:10230-10238. [PMID: 27707960 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1712-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as one of the most important mediators of physiological and pathological reward-related synaptic plasticity. eCBs are retrograde messengers that provide feedback inhibition, resulting in the suppression of neurotransmitter release at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and they serve a critical role in the spatiotemporal regulation of both short- and long-term synaptic plasticity that supports adaptive learning of reward-motivated behaviors. However, mechanisms of eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity in reward areas of the brain are impaired following exposure to drugs of abuse. Because of this, it is theorized that maladaptive eCB signaling may contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction-related behavior. Here we review various forms of eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity present in regions of the brain involved in reward and reinforcement and explore the potential physiological relevance of maladaptive eCB signaling to addiction vulnerability.
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47
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Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 2017; 124:52-61. [PMID: 28450060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a major catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain that controls neural circuits involved in the cognitive, emotional, and motor aspects of goal-directed behavior. Accordingly, perturbations in DA neurotransmission play a central role in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Somewhat surprisingly given its prominent role in numerous behaviors, DA is released by a relatively small number of densely packed neurons originating in the midbrain. The dopaminergic midbrain innervates numerous brain regions where extracellular DA release and receptor binding promote short- and long-term changes in postsynaptic neuron function. Striatal forebrain nuclei receive the greatest proportion of DA projections and are a predominant hub at which DA influences behavior. A number of excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory inputs orchestrate DA neurotransmission by controlling DA cell body firing patterns, terminal release, and effects on postsynaptic sites in the striatum. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system serves as an important filter of afferent input that acts locally at midbrain and terminal regions to shape how incoming information is conveyed onto DA neurons and to output targets. In this review, we aim to highlight existing knowledge regarding how eCB signaling controls DA neuron function through modifications in synaptic strength at midbrain and striatal sites, and to raise outstanding questions on this topic. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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48
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Ossato A, Uccelli L, Bilel S, Canazza I, Di Domenico G, Pasquali M, Pupillo G, De Luca MA, Boschi A, Vincenzi F, Rimondo C, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Varani K, Borea PA, Serpelloni G, De-Giorgio F, Marti M. Psychostimulant Effect of the Synthetic Cannabinoid JWH-018 and AKB48: Behavioral, Neurochemical, and Dopamine Transporter Scan Imaging Studies in Mice. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:130. [PMID: 28824464 PMCID: PMC5543288 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
JWH-018 and AKB48 are two synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) belonging to different structural classes and illegally marketed as incense, herbal preparations, or chemical supply for theirs psychoactive cannabis-like effects. Clinical reports from emergency room reported psychomotor agitation as one of the most frequent effects in people assuming SCBs. This study aimed to investigate the psychostimulant properties of JWH-018 and AKB48 in male CD-1 mice and to compare their behavioral and biochemical effects with those caused by cocaine and amphetamine. In vivo studies showed that JWH-018 and AKB48, as cocaine and amphetamine, facilitated spontaneous locomotion in mice. These effects were prevented by CB1 receptor blockade and dopamine (DA) D1/5 and D2/3 receptors inhibition. SPECT-CT studies on dopamine transporter (DAT) revealed that, as cocaine and amphetamine, JWH-018 and AKB48 decreased the [123I]-FP-CIT binding in the mouse striatum. Conversely, in vitro competition binding studies revealed that, unlike cocaine and amphetamine, JWH-018 and AKB48 did not bind to mouse or human DAT. Moreover, microdialysis studies showed that the systemic administration of JWH-018, AKB48, cocaine, and amphetamine stimulated DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of freely moving mice. Finally, unlike amphetamine and cocaine, JWH-018 and AKB48 did not induce any changes on spontaneous [3H]-DA efflux from murine striatal synaptosomes. The present results suggest that SCBs facilitate striatal DA release possibly with different mechanisms than cocaine and amphetamine. Furthermore, they demonstrate, for the first time, that JWH-018 and AKB48 induce a psychostimulant effect in mice possibly by increasing NAc DA release. These data, according to clinical reports, outline the potential psychostimulant action of SCBs highlighting their possible danger to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ossato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Section of Legal Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Uccelli
- Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Isabella Canazza
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Section of Legal Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Micol Pasquali
- Physics and Hearth Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gaia Pupillo
- Legnaro National Laboratories, Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNL-INFN), Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Boschi
- Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Rimondo
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Serpelloni
- Department of Psychiatry in the College of Medicine, Drug Policy Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Section of Legal Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience, Istituto Nazionale di Neuroscienze, Ferrara, Italy
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49
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Medeiros P, de Freitas RL, Silva MO, Coimbra NC, Melo-Thomas L. CB1 cannabinoid receptor-mediated anandamide signaling mechanisms of the inferior colliculus modulate the haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Neuroscience 2016; 337:17-26. [PMID: 27595886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The inferior colliculus (IC), a midbrain structure that processes acoustic information of aversive nature, is distinguished from other auditory nuclei in the brainstem by its connections with structures of the motor system. Previous evidence relating the IC to motor behavior shows that glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms in the IC exert influence on systemic haloperidol-induced catalepsy. There is substantial evidence supporting a role played by the endocannabinoid system as a modulator of the glutamatergic neurotransmission, as well as the dopaminergic activity in the basal nuclei and therefore it may be considered as a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of movement disorders. The present study evaluated if the endocannabinoid system in the IC plays a role in the elaboration of systemic haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Male Wistar rats received intracollicular microinjection of either the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) at different concentrations (5, 50 or 100pmol/0.2μl), the CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 at 50, 100 or 200pmol/0.2μl or vehicle, followed by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of either haloperidol at 0.5 or 1mg/kg or physiological saline. Systemic injection of haloperidol at both doses (0.5 or 1mg/kg, IP) produced a cataleptic state, compared to vehicle/physiological saline-treated group, lasting 30 and 50min after systemic administration of the dopaminergic receptors non-selective antagonist. The midbrain microinjection of AEA at 50pmol/0.2μl increased the latency for stepping down from the horizontal bar after systemic administration of haloperidol. Moreover, the intracollicular administration of AEA at 50pmol/0.2μl was able to increase the duration of catalepsy as compared to AEA at 100pmol/0.2-μl-treated group. Intracollicular pretreatment with AM251 at the intermediate concentration (100pmol/0.2μl) was able to decrease the duration of catalepsy after systemic administration of haloperidol. However, neither the intracollicular microinjection of AM251 at the lowest (50pmol/0.2μl) nor at the highest (200pmol/0.2μl) concentration was able to block the systemic haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Furthermore, the intracollicular administration of AM251 at 100pmol/0.2μl was able to decrease the duration of catalepsy as compared to AM251 at 50pmol/0.2μl- and AM251 at 200pmol/0.2-μl-treated group. The latency for stepping down from the horizontal bar - induced by haloperidol administration - was decreased when microinjection of AEA at 50pmol/0.2μl was preceded with blockade of CB1 receptor with AM251 (100pmol/0.2μl). Our results strengthen the involvement of CB1-signaled endocannabinoid mechanisms of the IC in the neuromodulation of catalepsy induced by systemic administration of the dopaminergic receptors non-selective antagonist haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurocience and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurology, Post-Graduation Section, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Neuroelectrophysiology Multiuser Center and Neurobiology of Pain and Emotions Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. D. Ana Costa, 95, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo 11060-001, Brazil
| | - R L de Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Neurobiology of Emotions Research Center (NAP-USP-NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroelectrophysiology Multiuser Center and Neurobiology of Pain and Emotions Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - M O Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroelectrophysiology Multiuser Center and Neurobiology of Pain and Emotions Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - N C Coimbra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Neurobiology of Emotions Research Center (NAP-USP-NuPNE), Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurocience and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurology, Post-Graduation Section, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Neuroelectrophysiology Multiuser Center and Neurobiology of Pain and Emotions Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - L Melo-Thomas
- Laboratory of Experimental and Physiological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC), Av. do Café, 2450, Ribeirão Preto, 14050-220 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Av. D. Ana Costa, 95, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo 11060-001, Brazil.
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Covey DP, Bunner KD, Schuweiler DR, Cheer JF, Garris PA. Amphetamine elevates nucleus accumbens dopamine via an action potential-dependent mechanism that is modulated by endocannabinoids. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1661-73. [PMID: 27038339 PMCID: PMC5819353 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcing effects of abused drugs are mediated by their ability to elevate nucleus accumbens dopamine. Amphetamine (AMPH) was historically thought to increase dopamine by an action potential-independent, non-exocytotic type of release called efflux, involving reversal of dopamine transporter function and driven by vesicular dopamine depletion. Growing evidence suggests that AMPH also acts by an action potential-dependent mechanism. Indeed, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that AMPH activates dopamine transients, reward-related phasic signals generated by burst firing of dopamine neurons and dependent on intact vesicular dopamine. Not established for AMPH but indicating a shared mechanism, endocannabinoids facilitate this activation of dopamine transients by broad classes of abused drugs. Here, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry coupled to pharmacological manipulations in awake rats, we investigated the action potential and endocannabinoid dependence of AMPH-induced elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine. AMPH increased the frequency, amplitude and duration of transients, which were observed riding on top of slower dopamine increases. Surprisingly, silencing dopamine neuron firing abolished all AMPH-induced dopamine elevations, identifying an action potential-dependent origin. Blocking cannabinoid type 1 receptors prevented AMPH from increasing transient frequency, similar to reported effects on other abused drugs, but not from increasing transient duration and inhibiting dopamine uptake. Thus, AMPH elevates nucleus accumbens dopamine by eliciting transients via cannabinoid type 1 receptors and promoting the summation of temporally coincident transients, made more numerous, larger and wider by AMPH. Collectively, these findings are inconsistent with AMPH eliciting action potential-independent dopamine efflux and vesicular dopamine depletion, and support endocannabinoids facilitating phasic dopamine signalling as a common action in drug reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P. Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendra D. Bunner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Douglas R. Schuweiler
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, 210 Julian Hall, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul A. Garris
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, 210 Julian Hall, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
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