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Merlo EM, Tutino R, Myles LAM, Lia MC, Minasi D. Alexithymia, intolerance to uncertainty and mental health difficulties in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:99. [PMID: 38755698 PMCID: PMC11100042 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) represents a serious chronic condition affecting a wide number of people. Discussion of the physical issues associated with T1DM pervades the literature, however, there is less discussion of the psychological consequences. Mental health difficulties, alexithymia and uncertainty are present in this population, and known to be harmful for the onset, maintenance and worsening of T1DM. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of these phenomena in people with T1DM. METHODS 105 participants aged between 11 and 17 years old (M: 13.88; SD: 2.16) affected by T1DM were included in the sample. To assess the presence of mental health difficulties, SAFA scales (Depression, Anxiety and Somatic symptoms) were included in the protocol together with TAS-20 and IUS-12, which evaluate the presence and role of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty in the sample, respectively. RESULTS A concerning presence of anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms was found in the sample. Mental health difficulties appeared to be consistently present in the sample, often overcoming pathological thesholds. Alexithymia and uncertainty were also common, highlighting their role in T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Active mental health difficulties together with high rates of alexithymia and intolerance to uncertainty were prevalent in the sample of adolescents with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Maria Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rita Tutino
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Maria Carmela Lia
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Domenico Minasi
- Pediatric Unit of Ospedali Riuniti Presidium, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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2
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Giandalia A, Russo GT, Ruggeri P, Giancaterini A, Brun E, Cristofaro M, Bogazzi A, Rossi MC, Lucisano G, Rocca A, Manicardi V, Bartolo PD, Cianni GD, Giuliani C, Napoli A. The Burden of Obesity in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects: A Sex-specific Analysis From the AMD Annals Initiative. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1224-e1235. [PMID: 37247381 PMCID: PMC10584007 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a growing emergency in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Sex differences in obesity prevalence and its clinical consequences in adult T1D subjects have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity, clinical correlates, and potential sex differences in a large cohort of T1D subjects participating to the AMD (Associazione Medici Diabetologi) Annals Initiative in Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The prevalence of obesity [body mass index(BMI) ≥30 kg/m2] and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) according to sex and age, as well as obesity-associated clinical variables, long-term diabetes complications, pharmacological treatment, process indicators and outcomes, and overall quality of care (Q-score) were evaluated in 37 436 T1D subjects (45.3% women) attending 282 Italian diabetes clinics during 2019. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of obesity was similar in the 2 sexes (13.0% in men and 13.9% in women; mean age 50 years), and it increased with age, affecting 1 out of 6 subjects ages >65 years. Only severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2) was more prevalent among women, who showed a 45% higher risk of severe obesity, compared with men at multivariate analysis. Cardiovascular disease risk factors (lipid profile, glucose, and blood pressure control), and the overall quality of diabetes care were worse in obese subjects, with no major sex-related differences. Also, micro- and macrovascular complications were more frequent among obese than nonobese T1D men and women. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a frequent finding in T1D adult subjects, and it is associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors, micro- and macrovascular complications, and a lower quality of care, with no major sex differences. T1D women are at higher risk of severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Annalisa Giancaterini
- UOSD Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases, ASST Brianza, Desio Hospital, 20832 Desio, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Brun
- UOC Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases, Ospedale Civile di Vicenza, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bogazzi
- SSVD Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, ASL TO 3, 10024 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Rossi
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, CORESEARCH, 75100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucisano
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, CORESEARCH, 75100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Rocca
- SS Diabetes and Metabolic disease, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, 20019 Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziano Di Cianni
- Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Health Local Unit North-West Tuscany, 57100 Livorno, Italy
| | - Chiara Giuliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00044 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Napoli
- Israelitico Hospital, 00044 Rome, Italy
- Cdc Santa Famiglia, 00044 Rome, Italy
- Human Nutrition Sciences, International Medical University Unicamillus, 00044 Rome, Italy
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3
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Russo GT, Manicardi V, Rossi MC, Orsi E, Solini A. Sex- and gender-differences in chronic long-term complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Italy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2297-2309. [PMID: 36064685 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This review summarizes the contribution of Italian diabetologists devoted to a better understanding of the complex relationship linking sex/gender and long-term complications of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) over the last fifteen years. DATA SYNTHESIS Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes show sex- and gender-related differences, involving pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiological features and clinical presentation, due to the interaction between biological and psychosocial factors. These differences greatly impact on the progression of diabetes and its long-term complications, especially in the cardiovascular, renal and liver districts. CONCLUSION A better knowledge of such sex- and gender-related characteristics is required for a more precise patient phenotypization, and for the choice of a personalized antihyperglycemic treatment. Despite such mounting evidence, current diabetes clinical guidelines do not as yet adequately consider sex/gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
| | | | - M C Rossi
- CORESEARCH - Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology, Pescara, Italy
| | - E Orsi
- IRCCS Foundation Cà Grande Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - A Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Italy.
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4
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Ridel D, Borowsky A, Shalev Shamay R, Hershkovitz E, Parmet Y, Haim A. Does gender affect the driving performance of young patients with diabetes? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 167:106569. [PMID: 35074566 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that poor glycemic control among young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has negative cognitive and physical effects, whose extent is gender-dependent. For example, female patients with diabetes present more physical and cognitive limitations than male patients in terms of cognitive adjustment, quality of decision making, and functioning. Studies about traffic safety report that diabetic drivers are at increased risk of being involved in road crashes, especially when driving in a state of hypoglycemia under which their blood glucose level is too low. We have recently demonstrated that acute hyperglycemia (when the blood glucose level is too high) can also lead to poor driving performance among T1DM young adult patients. Against this background, the objective of the present study was to find out whether gender affects the driving performance of young drivers with diabetes. Twenty-six T1DM drivers participated in a counterbalanced crossover experiment. While being monitored by an eye tracker, they drove a driving simulator and twice navigated through the nine hazardous scenarios: once under a normal blood glucose (euglycemia) level and once high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) level. The first main result is that young female drivers are more affected by diabetes than young male drivers, regardless of momentary glycemic changes. The second main result is that poor glycemic control substantially deteriorates hazard perception and driving performance of young males with diabetes. Thus, it is argued that an uncontrolled state of a high blood glucose level may be more hazardous for young males with diabetes since it negatively impacts their driving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ridel
- Dept. of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel.
| | - Avinoam Borowsky
- Dept. of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel
| | - Rotem Shalev Shamay
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, BGU, Israel
| | - Eli Hershkovitz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, BGU, Israel
| | - Yisrael Parmet
- Dept. of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Israel
| | - Alon Haim
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, BGU, Israel
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Joensen LE, Steenberg JL, Madsen KP, Willaing I. What people with diabetes in Denmark worry about during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of the first 3 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14665. [PMID: 34327749 PMCID: PMC8420213 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate and characterise general and diabetes-specific worries related to COVID-19 among people with diabetes in Denmark during the first 3 months of the pandemic. In a longitudinal study from March to June 2020, six online questionnaires (Q1-Q6) were distributed to 2430 adult members of two diabetes panels. Worries related to COVID-19 were measured with closed- and open-ended items. Data from closed-ended items were analysed descriptively. Open-ended responses were analysed with systematic text condensation. Using chi-squared tests, changes in proportions of worries over time were analysed, and differences in diabetes-specific worries by gender and diabetes diagnosis were explored. At Q1, 1366 individuals returned a response (Q2: 1082, Q3: 992, Q4: 977, Q5: 901, Q6: 816). In the beginning of the pandemic, 2 weeks after the first lockdown in Denmark, the most frequently reported general worries related to someone close becoming seriously ill, changes in daily life such as limitations on social interactions and uncertainty about the duration of those changes. The most frequently reported diabetes-specific worries were about severity of illness with COVID-19 due to diabetes, being identified as a member of a group at risk for COVID-19 and being unable to manage diabetes if ill with COVID-19. All concerns decreased over 3 months, as the society gradually reopened, except for persistent worries about being able to manage diabetes if ill with COVID-19. More women and people with type 1 diabetes reported worries, compared with men and people with type 2 diabetes. Our study highlights the diversity of worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic among people with diabetes and changing patterns of worry over time and across subgroups as the society reopened in Denmark. These insights can be helpful when providing support for people with diabetes during health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ingrid Willaing
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Section of Health Services ResearchDepartment of Public HealthCopenhagen UniversityCopenhagenDenmark
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6
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Castellano-Guerrero AM, Guerrero R, Ruiz-Aranda D, Perea S, Pumar A, Relimpio F, Mangas MA, Losada F, Martínez-Brocca MA. Gender differences in quality of life in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:64. [PMID: 32695233 PMCID: PMC7367231 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess gender differences in Quality of life (QoL) and in sociodemographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with impaired QoL in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). METHODS Cross-sectional evaluation in a random cohort of DM1 adult patients from a tertiary care hospital. QoL was evaluated using translated and validated self-administered Diabetes QoL questionnaire (Es-DQoL), and results transformed into a 0-100 scale. Psychological assessment included a planned psychological interview and self-reported questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory II, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y, Fear of hypoglycaemia Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey). RESULTS A total of 312 patients (51.6% male; 38.2 ± 12.7 years; HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.1% (58.5 ± 14.2 mmol/mol); 20.4 ± 12.0 years of DM1) were included in the analysis. Male and female subgroups showed similar sociodemographic and diabetes-related features and comparable social support. Among female patients, higher frequency of depression [31.7% (IC95% 26.2-40.8) vs. 14.9% (IC95% 10.1-20.8), p < 0.05] and anxiety [23.2% (IC95% 19.3-33.14) vs. 13.0% (IC95% 8.1-18.4), p < 0.05] and severity of depressive and anxious symptoms were also found. Compared to male patients, female patients showed lower QoL [75 (IC95% 73.6-77.5) vs. 80 (IC95% 75.7-83.1), p < 0.05] and scored significantly worse in subscale Diabetes-related worries [69 (IC95% 50.0-81.0) vs. 75 (IC95% 72.9-79.0), p < 0.05]. Fear of hypoglycemia and severity of depressive and anxious symptoms were factors independently associated to lower QoL in men and women while high frequency of glycemic excursions was a female-specific predictive one. CONCLUSIONS Adult women with long-standing DM1 showed lower QoL probably related to higher frequency and severity of psychopathological syndromes. Depressive and anxious symptoms and, among women, exposure to glycemic excursions were identified as modifiable, QoL-related variables. Educational, technological and psychological interventions are needed in order to improve QoL in DM1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Castellano-Guerrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avenida Dr Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Guerrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Sofia Perea
- Dpt. of Genetics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alfonso Pumar
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Federico Relimpio
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Mangas
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Losada
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Asunción Martínez-Brocca
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Avenida Dr Fedriani 3, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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7
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The Social Context and Illness Identity in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:449-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Everett E, Mathioudakis N. Association of Area Deprivation and Diabetic Ketoacidosis Readmissions: Comparative Risk Analysis of Adults vs Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:3473-3480. [PMID: 31220288 PMCID: PMC6599429 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is associated with mortality in adults and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aimed to evaluate the association of area deprivation and other patient factors with recurrent DKA in pediatric patients compared with adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study used the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission's database to identify patients with T1D admitted for DKA between 2012 and 2017. Area deprivation and other variables were obtained from the first DKA admission of the study period. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of DKA readmissions. Interactions (Ints) evaluated differences among the groups. RESULTS There were 732 pediatric and 3305 adult patients admitted with DKA. Area deprivation was associated with higher odds of readmission in pediatric patients than in adults. Compared with the least deprived, moderately deprived pediatric patients had an OR of 7.87-(95% CI, 1.02 to 60.80) compared with no change in odds in adults for four or more readmissions (Pint < 0.01). Similar odds were observed in the most deprived pediatric patients, which differed significantly from the OR of 2.23 (95% CI, 1.16 to 4.25) in adults (Pint of 0.2). Moreover, increasing age, female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and discharge against medical advice conferred a high odds for four or more readmissions in pediatric patients compared with adults. CONCLUSION Area deprivation was predictive of recurrent DKA admissions, with a more pronounced influence in pediatric than adult patients with T1D. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and address disparities specific to each population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Everett
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nestoras Mathioudakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Castellano-Guerrero AM, Guerrero R, Relimpio F, Losada F, Mangas MA, Pumar A, Martínez-Brocca MA. Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety in adult patients with type 1 diabetes in tertiary care setting. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:943-953. [PMID: 29948408 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine gender and age differences in the prevalence of depression and anxiety and their predictive factors in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1). METHODS Random sample of DM1 adult patients from a tertiary care hospital cohort. To evaluate the presence of depression and anxiety, psychological evaluation was performed using structured clinical interview (MINI). For the specific evaluation of fear of hypoglycemia (FH), FH-15 questionnaire was used. RESULTS 339 patients [51.6% male; 38.5 ± 12.9 years; HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.1% (58.5 ± 14.2 mmol/mol); 20.1 ± 12.0 years of DM1] met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and FH in men vs. women was as follows (%): depression: 15.4 vs. 33.5 (p < 0.05); anxiety: 13.7 vs. 26.2 (p < 0.05); and FH: 42.8 vs. 46.0 (p = NS). Among midlife female patients, prevalence of depression and anxiety was higher compared to male. Moreover, comorbid depressive and anxious symptoms were also higher in midlife female patients compared to age-matched male patients (3.5 vs. 14%, p < 0.05). Apart from age-related vulnerability, female gender, poor glycemic control, and microvascular and macrovascular complications were predictive factors for depressive and anxious symptomatology. Unawareness hypoglycemia and anxiety-prone personality were predictor factors for FH. CONCLUSIONS In adults with DM1, prevalence of depression and anxiety is higher in women. Midlife patients, in particular women, show a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms and comorbid depression and anxiety. The presence of secondary complications and sustained poor glycemic control should alert to the possibility of these mental disorders, especially in the most vulnerable age population; clinical, gender and age-related patterns could help to design more effective psychological assessment and support in adult patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Castellano-Guerrero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - R Guerrero
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - F Relimpio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - F Losada
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - M A Mangas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - A Pumar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-Brocca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
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Brinkhues S, Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Hoebe CJPA, van der Kallen CJH, Koster A, Henry RMA, Stehouwer CDA, Savelkoul PHM, Schaper NC, Schram MT. Social Network Characteristics Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Complications: The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1654-1662. [PMID: 29907582 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relation between clinical complications and social network characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has hardly been studied. Therefore, we examined the associations of social network characteristics with macro- and microvascular complications in T2DM and investigated whether these associations were independent of glycemic control, quality of life, and well-known cardiovascular risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants with T2DM originated from the Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 797, mean age 62.7 ± 7.6 years, 31% female). Social network characteristics were assessed through a name generator questionnaire. Diabetes status was determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. Macro- and microvascular complications were defined as a history of cardiovascular disease and the presence of impaired vibratory sense and/or retinopathy and/or albuminuria, respectively. We assessed cross-sectional associations of social network characteristics with macro- and microvascular complications by use of logistic regression adjusted for age, HbA1c, quality of life, and cardiovascular risk factors, stratified for sex. RESULTS A smaller network size, higher percentages of family members, and lower percentages of friends were independently associated with macrovascular complications in both men and women. A smaller network size and less informational support were independently associated with microvascular complications in women, but not in men. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that social network characteristics were associated with macro- and microvascular complications. Health care professionals should be aware of the association of the social network with T2DM outcomes. In the development of strategies to reduce the burden of disease, social network characteristics should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brinkhues
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole H T M Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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11
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Mondesir FL, Carson AP, Durant RW, Lewis MW, Safford MM, Levitan EB. Association of functional and structural social support with medication adherence among individuals treated for coronary heart disease risk factors: Findings from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198578. [PMID: 29949589 PMCID: PMC6021050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Functional social support has a stronger association with medical treatment adherence than structural social support in several populations and disease conditions. Using a contemporary U.S. population of adults treated with medications for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, the association between social support and medication adherence was examined. Methods We included 17,113 black and white men and women with CHD or CHD risk factors aged ≥45 years recruited 2003–2007 from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Participants reported their perceived social support (structural social support: being partnered, number of close friends, number of close relatives, and number of other adults in household; functional social support: having a caregiver in case of sickness or disability; combination of structural and functional social support: number of close friends or relatives seen at least monthly). Medication adherence was assessed using a 4-item scale. Multi-variable adjusted Poisson regression models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between social support and medication adherence. Results Prevalence of medication adherence was 68.9%. Participants who saw >10 close friends or relatives at least monthly had higher prevalence of medication adherence (PR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.11) than those who saw ≤3 per month. Having a caregiver in case of sickness or disability, being partnered, number of close friends, number of close relatives, and number of other adults in household were not associated with medication adherence after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Seeing multiple friends and relatives was associated with better medication adherence among individuals with CHD risk factors. Increasing social support with combined structural and functional components may help support medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favel L. Mondesir
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - April P. Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Raegan W. Durant
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marquita W. Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Monika M. Safford
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Levitan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Gawlik NR, Bond MJ. The Role of Negative Affect in the Assessment of Quality of Life among Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:130-136. [PMID: 29199406 PMCID: PMC5911516 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.42.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of negative affect (defined in terms of lack of optimism, depressogenic attributional style, and hopelessness depression) on the quality of life of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Participants (n=177) completed either an online or paper questionnaire made available to members of Australian diabetes support groups. Measures of optimism, attributional style, hopelessness depression, disease-specific data, and diabetes-related quality of life were sought. Bivariate correlations informed the construction of a structural equation model. RESULTS Participants were 36.3±11.3 years old, with a disease duration of 18.4±11.2 years. Age and recent glycosylated hemoglobin readings were significant contextual variables in the model. All bivariate associations involving the components of negative affect were as hypothesized. That is, poorer quality of life was associated with a greater depressogenic attributional style, higher hopelessness depression, and lower optimism. The structural equation model demonstrated significant direct effects of depressogenic attributional style and hopelessness depression on quality of life, while (lack of) optimism contributed to quality of life indirectly by way of these variables. CONCLUSION The recognition of negative affect presentations among patients, and an understanding of its relevance to diabetes-related quality of life, is a valuable tool for the practitioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Gawlik
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Malcolm J Bond
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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13
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Raymaekers K, Oris L, Prikken S, Moons P, Goossens E, Weets I, Luyckx K. The Role of Peers for Diabetes Management in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1678-1684. [PMID: 29138272 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing importance of peers in adolescence and emerging adulthood has been widely acknowledged. However, longitudinal research linking the peer context to diabetes management and outcomes is scarce. The present longitudinal study in a large sample of youths with type 1 diabetes related both positive and negative peer variables to diabetes outcomes over a time interval of 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Our sample consisted of 467 adolescents (14-17 years of age) and emerging adults (18-25 years of age) with type 1 diabetes who participated in a two-wave longitudinal study. Questionnaires tapped into peer support, extreme peer orientation, parental responsiveness, diabetes-related distress, and treatment adherence. HbA1c values were obtained from the treating physicians of patients. Cross-lagged analysis from a structural equation modeling approach was performed to assess the directionality of effects. RESULTS Peer support negatively predicted diabetes-related distress over time. Extreme peer orientation positively predicted treatment distress over time. Parental responsiveness negatively predicted food distress over time. Treatment adherence negatively predicted extreme peer orientation, treatment distress, and HbA1c values over time. For emerging adults specifically, there was a reciprocal relationship between HbA1c values and extreme peer orientation because they positively predicted each other. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of peers in predicting the functioning of youths with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, treatment adherence at baseline was found to negatively predict extreme peer orientation, treatment distress, and worse glycemic control over time. In sum, the current study underscores the importance of the peer context for adolescents and emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Oris
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Philip Moons
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Goossens
- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Weets
- Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Chaudhary R, Kumar P, Chopra A, Chabbra S, Singh P. Comparative Study of Psychiatric Manifestations among Type I and Type II Diabetic Patients. Indian J Psychol Med 2017; 39:342-346. [PMID: 28615771 PMCID: PMC5461847 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_35_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive disorders belong to the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide. They are generally seen in individuals who suffer from chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of depression among diabetics ranges from 8.5% to 32.5%, while that for anxiety it is up to 30%. In this study, we try to compare the mental health problems faced by those with Type I and Type II DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients diagnosed with Type I diabetes (T1D) and Type II diabetes each presenting to Medicine and Endocrinology Department were assessed with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) for depression and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) for anxiety. Patients were assessed on sociodemographic profile, duration of illness, type of treatment and then the data were analyzed on different domains. RESULTS On the assessment of patients with HAM-D a total of 38% with T1D were found to be depressed, and 42% patients with Type II diabetes had depression. Similarly, on assessment of anxiety with HAM-A, a total of 44% with T1D had anxiety. In patients with Type II diabetes, a total of 34% patients suffer from anxiety. CONCLUSION The study concludes that Type I and Type II are slightly different in terms of associated psychiatric illnesses. In those with psychiatric illness, they do less well in terms of improving their overall diabetes control. The wider implication is that all the patients with diabetes should be regularly assessed for psychological problems. There needs to be greater psychological/psychiatric support available to intensive diabetes clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Akhil Chopra
- Department of Psychiatry, Sridev Suman Subharti Medical College and Hospital, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Chabbra
- Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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15
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Gåfvels C, Hägerström M, Rane K, Wajngot A, Wändell PE. Coping strategies among patients newly diagnosed with diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis at baseline and after 24 months. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1273-1286. [PMID: 27240680 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316648759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients aged 18-65 years with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus ( n = 89) or rheumatoid arthritis ( n = 100) were studied by the General Coping Questionnaire at baseline and after 24 months. In total, 34 diabetes mellitus and 46 rheumatoid arthritis patients were diagnosed with psychosocial problems. The use of negative coping strategies, such as protest, isolation, and intrusion, was associated mostly with being classified as having psychosocial problems. With the risk of experiencing a strong impact of the disease at 2 years of follow-up as outcome, intrusion was a significant and independent risk factor, while minimization was a significant and independent protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Gåfvels
- 1 Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.,2 Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Per E Wändell
- 2 Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,3 Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Sweden
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16
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Commissariat PV, Kenowitz JR, Trast J, Heptulla RA, Gonzalez JS. Developing a Personal and Social Identity With Type 1 Diabetes During Adolescence: A Hypothesis Generative Study. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:672-84. [PMID: 26893304 PMCID: PMC9639364 DOI: 10.1177/1049732316628835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the incorporation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) into self-identity among adolescents. Guided interviews explored 40 adolescents' views of T1DM in relation to their sense of self and relationships with others. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results revealed that the entire sample described T1DM as a significant burden; many described how T1DM made them feel less "normal." Adolescents described both positive and negative aspects of self-management in social relationships, though most reported benefits in sharing T1DM with friends. Females were more likely to share information about T1DM and to describe positive changes in self-perception as a result of T1DM. The psychosocial processes related to integration of T1DM into self-identity described in these qualitative data provide hypothesis-generating findings that can guide future quantitative research examining incorporation of T1DM into adolescent self-identity in relation to measures of self-esteem, peer orientation, self-management, and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubina A Heptulla
- Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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17
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Mellerio H, Guilmin-Crépon S, Jacquin P, Labéguerie M, Lévy-Marchal C, Alberti C. Long-term impact of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes on social life, quality of life and sexuality. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2015; 41:489-97. [PMID: 25869639 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study describes the socio-professional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sexuality of adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS The study participants (n=388), recruited from a nationwide registry (age: 28.5 ± 3.1 years; T1D duration: 17.0 ± 2.7 years), completed a questionnaire (198 items); the results were compared with the French general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and Z scores matched for age, gender and period with/without education levels and patterns of family life. Linear regression models also investigated correlates of SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental Composite Scores (MCS). RESULTS Compared with the French general population, education levels of people with T1D were similar, with 68.6% having at least a high-school diploma or higher (SIR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.93; 1.20), as were also their patterns of family life. Unemployment was higher in T1D women (15.3%, SIR: 1.50, 1.00; 2.05), but not in T1D men (8.6%, SIR: 0.96, 0.51; 1.57). Social discrimination was more common (SIR: 5.64, 4.64; 6.62), and frequency of daily alcohol consumption was higher (SIR: men, 3.34, 2.38; 4.54; women, 6.53, 4.57; 12.99). PCS and MCS were decreased moderately (mean ± SD: 52.0 ± 7.5; mean Z score: -0.2, 95% CI: -0.3; -0.1) and substantially (mean ± SD: 42.1 ± 12.4; mean Z score: -0.7, -0.8; -0.6), respectively. Fatigue and abandoning sports were predictive of a lower HRQOL. Both men and women were more frequently dissatisfied with their sex life. Prevalence of sexual problems was higher in women (SIR for: dysorgasmia, 1.91, 1.21-2.88; decreased/loss of desire: 2.11, 1.35-3.08), but similar in men. Participants with T1D-related complications had preserved social outcomes, but altered HRQOL. CONCLUSION Young adults with T1D have satisfactory social participation. However, their higher alcohol consumption, lower MCS and frequent dissatisfaction with sexuality suggest a heavy impact of the disease on morale, especially in women. Improving the everyday well-being of these young adults represents a key challenge for diabetes healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mellerio
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMRS 1123, 75010 Paris, France; Inserm, ECEVE U1123 et CIC-EC, CIC 1426, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - S Guilmin-Crépon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMRS 1123, 75010 Paris, France; Inserm, ECEVE U1123 et CIC-EC, CIC 1426, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France
| | - P Jacquin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Médecine de l'adolescent, 75019 Paris, France
| | - M Labéguerie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France
| | - C Lévy-Marchal
- Inserm, CIC-EC, CIC 1426, 75010 Paris, France; Inserm, Pôle Recherche clinique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - C Alberti
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ECEVE, UMRS 1123, 75010 Paris, France; Inserm, ECEVE U1123 et CIC-EC, CIC 1426, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Unité d'épidémiologie clinique, 75019 Paris, France
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18
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Mondesir FL, White K, Liese AD, McLain AC. Gender, Illness-Related Diabetes Social Support, and Glycemic Control Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2015; 71:1081-1088. [PMID: 26307487 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined whether the association between illness-related diabetes social support (IRDSS) and glycemic control among middle-aged and older adults is different for men and women. METHOD This cross-sectional analysis included 914 adults with diabetes who completed the Health and Retirement Study's 2003 Mail Survey on Diabetes. IRDSS is a composite score of 8 diabetes self-care measures. Hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained to measure good glycemic control (<8.0%). Gender-stratified multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and examine the association between IRDSS and glycemic control after controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The prevalence of good glycemic control was 48.9% among women and 51.1% among men. Mean composite IRDSS scores did not differ by gender. Among women, composite IRDSS was associated with adequate glycemic control (prevalence ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.08), and all individual components of IRDSS, with the exception of keeping appointments, were positively associated with adequate glycemic control. No significant associations were observed in men for composite or individual components of IRDSS. DISCUSSION Determining the gender-specific impact derived from IRDSS is a worthwhile approach to highlighting factors that differentially predict optimal glycemic control among middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favel L Mondesir
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Kellee White
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Angela D Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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19
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Abstract
Despite extensive literature on falls among seniors, little is known about gender-specific risk factors. To determine the prevalence of falls by gender and sociodemographic, lifestyle/behavioral, and medical factors, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults who were 65 years of age or older (n = 14,881) from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Healthy Aging (2008-2009). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate gender-specific associations between potential risk factors and falls. In men, stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91), nutritional risk (OR = 1.86), post-secondary school degree (OR = 1.68), eye disorder (OR = 1.35), widowed/separated/divorced marital status (OR = 1.28), and arthritis (OR = 1.27) were independently associated with significantly higher odds of falls. In women, significant independent correlates of falls included stroke (OR = 1.53), age of 85 years or older (OR = 1.51), nutritional risk (OR = 1.39), consumption of at least 1 alcoholic drink per week (OR = 1.39), use of 5 or more medications (OR = 1.36), arthritis (OR = 1.36), diabetes (OR = 1.31), and osteoporosis (OR = 1.22). Higher physical activity levels were protective in both genders, and higher household income was protective in women. Gender should be considered when planning fall prevention strategies.
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20
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Klimstra TA, Moons P, Groven C, Weets I. Personality and Illness Adaptation in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The Intervening Role of Illness Coping and Perceptions. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2014; 21:41-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10880-014-9387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Rassart J, Luyckx K, Moons P, Weets I. Personality and self-esteem in emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes. J Psychosom Res 2014; 76:139-45. [PMID: 24439690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined (1) mean-level differences in self-esteem and Big Five personality traits between individuals with and without diabetes; and (2) demographic, clinical, and psychological correlates of patients' self-esteem and Big Five. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 478 emerging adults with Type 1 diabetes (18-35 years old) were selected from the Belgian Diabetes Registry and completed questionnaires on personality, self-esteem, and diabetes-related distress. The control group consisted of 341 healthy participants who were matched (1:1) on sex and age with the patient group. RESULTS First, mean-level differences between patients and controls differed according to patients' sex and illness duration. Women with diabetes reported lower self-esteem and were less extraverted and emotionally stable as compared to female controls. In contrast, men with diabetes reported higher self-esteem and were more agreeable but less emotionally stable as compared to male controls. Furthermore, whereas both patients with shorter and longer illness duration were less extraverted and emotionally stable as compared to controls, only patients with longer illness duration reported heightened agreeableness. Second, self-esteem and Big Five were found to relate to patients' sex and (to a lesser extent) age and illness duration. Finally, patients reporting elevated diabetes-related distress reported lower self-esteem, and were less agreeable and emotionally stable as compared to patients not reporting such distress. CONCLUSIONS Patients' personality and self-esteem might be important targets for future prevention and intervention efforts. The present findings can assist healthcare professionals in identifying those patients who might benefit the most from such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilse Weets
- Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Joensen LE, Almdal TP, Willaing I. Type 1 diabetes and living without a partner: psychological and social aspects, self-management behaviour, and glycaemic control. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:278-85. [PMID: 23891305 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS (1) To investigate the association between cohabitation status and psychological aspects of living with diabetes (diabetes distress, diabetes empowerment, quality of life), self-management behaviours, and glycaemic control and (2) to explore whether potential associations are mediated by social support. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 2419 adult outpatients with type 1 diabetes from a specialized diabetes clinic in Denmark. Stepwise multiple regression gender-stratified analyses assessed the association between cohabitation status and the variables of interest and the influence of social support. RESULTS Significant associations existed between living without a partner and low quality of life, low diabetes empowerment and HbA1c for both men and women. For women, living without a partner was significantly associated with higher diabetes distress and poor self-management behaviours. All associations were mediated by social support to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS Social network and social support are related to important diabetes outcomes in type 1 diabetes. Living without a partner indicates a need for support to prevent poorer diabetes outcomes. Women appear more susceptible to living without a partner in terms of psychosocial diabetes outcomes and glycaemic control. Generally, social support is a mediator in the association between cohabitation status and diabetes outcomes, but social support, as well as cohabitation status, are also independently associated with poorer diabetes outcomes. Assessment of cohabitation status as an indicator of psychosocial capabilities and glycaemic control may be useful in diabetes care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene E Joensen
- Steno Health Promotion Center, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
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23
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O'Hara L, Gough B, Seymour-Smith S, Watts S. 'It's not a disease, it's a nuisance': controlling diabetes and achieving goals in the context of men with Type 1 diabetes. Psychol Health 2013; 28:1227-45. [PMID: 23714003 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2013.800516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite a steady growth in research into men's health, little is known about how men experience life with a chronic illness like Type 1 diabetes. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted an interview study with 15 men who have Type 1 diabetes. Following grounded theory analysis of the interview transcripts, we generated a number of inter-related themes which were then formulated as a theory of adjustment to life with Type 1 diabetes. This theory indicates that men reduce the seriousness of diabetes by defining it in ways other than a serious illness. By viewing diabetes in this way, men are then able to prioritise the pursuit of their personal goals over adherence to the diabetes regimen. Finally, men reassess their relationship with diabetes in light of diabetes-related complications. The goal of this process is to find the 'best fit' for diabetes in their lives - a place which will allow them to pursue and satisfy their personal goals. As men progress through life, personal goals may change and so too will their relationship with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley O'Hara
- a Division of Psychology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
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24
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Coping with asthma: is the physician able to identify patient's behaviour? Respir Med 2012; 106:1625-30. [PMID: 23036574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The strategies patients use to manage their asthma (coping) have been found to be associated with clinical and patient-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this large cross-sectional survey is to assess the use of coping methods employed by patients with asthma and to explore the ability of general practitioners (GPs) to correctly identify these strategies. METHODS A modified Coping Orientations to Problem Experienced Questionnaire was completed by patients with asthma and their physicians. RESULTS The survey was completed by 3089 GPs (69% male; mean age 55 ± 6) and by 6264 patients (52% male; mean age 45 + 14). Active strategies were reported as the predominant method of coping by 51-59% of patients, whilst passive/avoidant techniques accounted for 12-28%. GPs believed the active coping methods were employed primarily by 35-45% of patients and the passive/avoidant methods by 8-26%. Physicians were able to identify the specific strategy used by a patient in 34%-64% of cases. The ability to identify the use of active strategies rather than the passive/avoidant was significantly higher (T test 8,250, p < 0.0001). Coefficient of concordance between GPs' and patients' answers was fair. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed the extent of maladaptive coping strategies used by patients and the tendency for physicians to underestimate these. These observations may well represent two obstacles in improving asthma clinical outcomes.
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Min LJ, Drury VB, Taylor BJ. The experiences of and meaning for women living and coping with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 10:2998-3047. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2012-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Lin CH, Lee YY, Liu CC, Chen HF, Ko MC, Li CY. Urbanization and prevalence of depression in diabetes. Public Health 2011; 126:104-11. [PMID: 22178148 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To depict recent secular trend (2001-2005) in prevalence of depression among diabetic population in Taiwan, and to explore the influences of urbanization on the prevalence of depression. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive correlation study design relating urbanization and prevalence of depression. METHODS Annual prevalence of depression was calculated as the ratio of number of individuals with depression (ICD-9-CM: 296, 309, or 311) to the size of diabetic population (ICD-9-CM: 250), which were ascertained from ambulatory care claim data of Taiwan's National Health Insurance between 2001 and 2005. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the secular trend in the prevalence of comorbid depression, and to appraise the influence of urbanization on prevalence of depression in diabetic patients. RESULTS The prevalence of depression among diabetic population increased annually from 22.6/10(3) in 2001 to 27.0/10(3) in 2005 with a significantly and linearly rising trend (β = 0.0461, p < 0.0001). Diabetic population living in urban areas showed the largest increase in prevalence (6.3/10(3)), followed by those from rural areas (5.6/10(3)). Compared to the diabetic patients residing in rural areas, those living in urban areas (RR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.25-1.31) and those from satellite towns (RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.19-1.25) both had significantly increased adjusted RR. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant increasing trend in prevalence of depression among diabetic population in recent years in Taiwan. Diabetic patients from urban areas not only had the greatest prevalence of depression but also showed the largest increase in prevalence during the study period, which highlights a need for managing depression in urban diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Schmitz N, Messier L, Nitka D, Ivanova A, Gariepy G, Wang J, Malla A, Boyer R, Lesage A, Strychar I. Factors associated with disability and depressive symptoms among individuals with diabetes: a community study in Quebec. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2011; 52:167-77. [PMID: 21397110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes in Canada is increasing. Multiple factors have been identified in the development of disability in diabetic patients, but the interaction of those risk factors is not clear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper was to assess the association between diabetes severity, health behavior, socioeconomic status, social support, depression, and disability simultaneously in a population-based study of individuals with diabetes in Quebec, Canada. METHOD Random digit dialing was used to select a sample of 2,003 adults with self-reported diabetes in Quebec. Health status was assessed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II and the CDC Healthy Days Measures. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression. Potential risk factors included diabetes severity, social support, socioeconomic status, and health behavior factors. Structural equation models were used to identify risk factors that contributed to both depressive symptoms and disability. RESULTS The prevalence of major and minor depression was 8.7% and 10.9%, respectively, while the prevalence of severe disability was 6.7%. Diabetes severity and health behavior factors were associated with both depression and disability. Social support was associated with depression for women but not for men. DISCUSSION Our results suggest a complex interaction between health behavior factors, diabetes severity, social support, depression, and disability. Behavioral factors and diabetes-specific factors might have a direct effect on both depression and physical functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Fuller-Thomson E, Milinovich JL, Merighi JR. Lifetime prevalence of comorbid mood disorders in a representative sample of Canadians with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2010; 24:297-300. [PMID: 19481958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the lifetime prevalence of mood disorders among those with and without type 1 diabetes. METHODS Data from a nationally representative sample were obtained. Individuals were classified as having type 1 diabetes if a health professional diagnosed them with diabetes before age 30 and they began insulin within 1 month of their diagnosis (N=314). RESULTS The prevalence of mood disorders in persons with type 1 diabetes was 7.9% (95% CI 3.1-12.7) compared to 5.6% (95% CI 5.4-5.8) for those without type 1 diabetes (age- and sex-adjusted OR=1.56, 95% CI 1.04-2.34). CONCLUSIONS Future research would benefit from the use of community-based representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Faculty of Social Work, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Giraldi A, Kristensen E. Sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2010; 47:199-211. [PMID: 20358461 DOI: 10.1080/00224491003632834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasing health concern throughout the world. DM is categorized as either type 1 (DM-1) or type 2 (DM-2), where DM-1 represents a lack of insulin production, and DM-2 is characterized by a relative lack of insulin (i.e., decreased sensitivity to the effect of insulin). DM has long been considered a risk factor for sexual dysfunction in men and women, although the evidence in women is less clear. This review attempts to give an overview of female sexual dysfunction in women with DM. Although women with DM are at higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction than women without DM, there is great variability in results across studies, with the incidence of sexual dysfunction in women with DM generally linked less to organic factors and more to psychological factors, especially coexisting depression. This review hypothesizes several presumed causes for such variation in findings across studies and uses these explanations as the basis for a discussion of differences between men's and women's sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Center Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Luyckx K, Vanhalst J, Seiffge-Krenke I, Weets I. A typology of coping with Type 1 diabetes in emerging adulthood: associations with demographic, psychological, and clinical parameters. J Behav Med 2010; 33:228-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-010-9249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Newlin K, Melkus GD, Peyrot M, Koenig HG, Allard E, Chyun D. Coping as a mediator in the relationships of spiritual well-being to mental health in black women with type 2 diabetes. Int J Psychiatry Med 2010; 40:439-59. [PMID: 21391414 DOI: 10.2190/pm.40.4.g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine coping as a mediator in the relationships of spiritual well-being to mental health in Black women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from a convenience sample of 45 Black women with T2DM. Measures of coping strategies, spiritual well-being (religious and existential well-being), and mental health, as measured by diabetes-specific distress (DSED), were collected. Bivariate findings informed mediational, trivariate model development. RESULTS Religious well-being was significantly related to cognitive reframing (CR) coping strategies (p = 0.026) but not DSED (p = 0.751). Existential well-being was significantly related to CR (beta = 0.575,p < 0.001), direct assistance (DA) coping (beta = 0.368, p = 0.006) and DSED (beta = -0.338, p = 0.023). Although CR (beta = -0.305, p = 0.021) and DA (beta = -0.262, p = 0.041) had significant bivariate associations with DSED, the relationships were not significant when existential well-being was controlled. However, the relationship of existential well-being to DSED was mediated by specific CR and DA strategies that were associated with DSED to varying degrees -"I came up with a couple different solutions to the problem" (beta = -0.301, p = 0.049); "I came out of the experience better than I went in" (beta = -0.308, p = 0.061); and "I talked to someone who could do something concrete about the problem" (beta = -0.272, p = 0.078). CONCLUSION Findings indicate that diabetes care address spiritual well-being, both its religious and existential components, in Black women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley Newlin
- New York University College of Nursing, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Misra R, Lager J. Ethnic and gender differences in psychosocial factors, glycemic control, and quality of life among adult type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:54-64. [PMID: 18413181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine ethnic and gender differences in psychosocial factors, e.g., social support and acceptance of the disease, knowledge levels, perceived difficulty in adherence behaviors, and diabetes outcome (glycemic control and quality of life) in Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Data were collected via telephone interviews from 180 diabetic subjects (34% Hispanics, 27% Non-Hispanic whites, 18% African-Americans, and 20% Asian-Indians; 52% females) from 2 clinics. Hemoglobin A1c levels were obtained from patient charts. RESULTS Significant ethnic and gender differences existed in acceptance of the disease, in receiving social support, disease knowledge, perceived difficulty in self-management behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life among Type 2 diabetic patients; differences were more pronounced by gender than by ethnicity. In general, social support and acceptance of the disease were high. However, perceived difficulty in self-management behaviors varied by racial/ethnic groups with self-monitoring of blood glucose perceived as most difficult by Hispanic respondents, dietary management was most difficult for non-Hispanic whites, while physical activity was the most difficult for African-Americans. Hispanic respondents had greatest severity of the disease (poorest metabolic control). CONCLUSIONS Ethnic and gender variations exist in social support, acceptance of diabetes, quality of life, and adherence behaviors. The outcomes of diabetes care can be improved if practitioners factor these differences in tailoring diabetes education and supportive care for individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Misra
- Health and Kinesiology Department, 4243 TAMU, 158V Read Building, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA.
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Coping with diabetes in adulthood: a meta-analysis. J Behav Med 2008; 31:291-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-008-9155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cheretakis C, Locker D, Dror Y, Glogauer M. Oral health-related quality of life of children with neutropenia. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2007; 27:6-11. [PMID: 17388223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2007.tb00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in children with neutropenia. Twenty-seven children with neutropenia were compared to 33 healthy, age-matched control subjects. Previously validated age-specific, multidimensional and self-reporting child OHQoL questionnaires were used. Overall and subscale scores were compared between the two groups. Respondents in the group of children with neutropenia reported that their disease had a significant impact on their oral health in terms of oral symptoms (p < 0.0001), functional limitations (p < 0.0001), and social well-being (p < 0.0001). In global ratings, they rated their oral health to be markedly worse than that of the healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). However, there was no difference between the groups in the extent to which their oral condition affected their lives overall. These results, along with responses to individual measures of social and emotional well-being, suggest that children in this group with neutropenia have psychologically adapted to the oral health challenges they experience because of their condition.
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Swift EE, Chen R, Hershberger A, Holmes CS. Demographic risk factors, mediators, and moderators in youths' diabetes metabolic control. Ann Behav Med 2006; 32:39-49. [PMID: 16827628 DOI: 10.1207/s15324796abm3201_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the most frequently identified and potent predictors of disease morbidity and mortality. It also predicts diabetes care and metabolic control, yet it is often confounded with parental marital status and ethnicity in pediatric samples. PURPOSE Key demographic risk factors for poorer metabolic control in adolescents with type I diabetes are examined to distinguish their relative effects, along with disease care mediators and family environment moderators. METHODS AND RESULTS When SES, ethnicity, and marital status are considered simultaneously with path analysis, living with married biological parents is the sole predictor of better metabolic control in a predominantly middle-class sample. Specifically, adolescents who lived with their biologic parents had glycosylated hemoglobin levels that were approximately .5% lower on average than those who lived in alternative family arrangements (i.e., blended and single-parent families). More frequent meals and snacks and more blood glucose monitoring mediates this effect. Under favorable conditions of greater familial harmony, children from married biologic families experience a stronger beneficial health effect, with average glycohemoglobin levels that are approximately .81% lower in less conflicted families and .62% lower in more cohesive families. CONCLUSIONS In toto, marital status eclipsed the well known effects of SES in the prediction of metabolic control in a primarily middle-class sample of children with diabetes. The 8.0% average glycohemoglobin level of youths from married biologic families is similar to that of intensively treated adolescents in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and, if maintained, should be associated with clinically significant reductions in disease complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University, USA
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Barnard KD, Skinner TC, Peveler R. The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes: systematic literature review. Diabet Med 2006; 23:445-8. [PMID: 16620276 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To review the literature estimating the cross-sectional prevalence of clinical depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Electronic databases and published references were used to identify studies published between January 2000 and June 2004, with a previous meta-analysis used to identify studies before 1 January 2000. RESULTS Between January 2000 and June 2004, a further five eligible studies were identified. Only one was a controlled study using diagnostic interviewing to determine rates of depression. Taking all of the eligible studies identified by the previous meta-analysis and this search, the prevalence of clinical depression in controlled studies was 12.0% for people with diabetes compared with 3.2% for control subjects. In studies with no control group, the prevalence of clinical depression was 13.4%. CONCLUSION There are wide-ranging differences reported in the various studies on the prevalence of depression in Type 1 diabetes. In view of the differing methods of diagnosis and small participant numbers, the results should be viewed with caution. A controlled study using diagnostic interviewing techniques to determine levels of depression is recommended to provide a clearer picture of both the prevalence and characteristics of that depression.
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Gåfvels C, Wändell PE. Coping strategies in men and women with type 2 diabetes in Swedish primary care. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 71:280-9. [PMID: 16242806 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on findings regarding gender differences in the experience and complications of diabetes, we studied coping strategies in men and women with type 2 diabetes in relation to their demographic, medical, socio-economic and psychosocial situation. Altogether 232 Swedish-born type 2 diabetes patients aged 35-64 years at four primary health care centres in Stockholm County were studied, 121 men and 111 women. Coping strategies were assessed by the General Coping Questionnaire (GCG), which describes five orientations dichotomised into positive and negative opposites: self-trust/fatalism; problem focusing/resignation; cognitive revaluation/protest; social trust/isolation; and minimisation/intrusion. Socio-economic and medical data were taken both from a questionnaire and from medical records. Gender differences for the coping strategies resignation, protest and isolation were found (p<0.05), with higher scores for women. The most important medical factor associated with coping strategies was HbA1c. Other significant factors detected in the multivariate analyses were psychiatric disorder, cohabitation and daily smoking. Thus, coping strategies and gender are important factors that should be addressed more in diabetes health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gåfvels
- Center of Family and Community Medicine, Alfred Nobels allé 12, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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Naar-King S, Idalski A, Ellis D, Frey M, Templin T, Cunningham PB, Cakan N. Gender differences in adherence and metabolic control in urban youth with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: the mediating role of mental health symptoms. J Pediatr Psychol 2005; 31:793-802. [PMID: 16322274 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine gender differences in adherence and metabolic control and test the mediating role of mental health symptoms in a sample of predominantly African-American, low-income youth with chronically poor metabolic control. METHODS Baseline questionnaire data from an intervention study were collected from 119 youth and their primary caregiver. RESULTS Boys had worse adherence than girls, but there were no gender differences in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Boys had more externalizing symptoms, whereas girls had more anxiety; there were no gender differences in depression. Externalizing symptoms were associated with poor adherence and metabolic control. Although anxiety was correlated with poor adherence, this relationship was not significant in the invariate analysis. Results of structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that externalizing symptoms mediated the relationship between gender and adherence. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that gender differences in adherence may be attributed, in part, to gender differences in externalizing symptoms in urban youth with poor metabolic control. Interventions targeting these symptoms may be necessary to improve adherence and HbA1C in both boys and girls.
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