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Keogh K, Kelly AK, Kenny DA. Effect of enhanced plane of nutrition in early life on the transcriptome and proteome of the anterior pituitary gland in Angus heifer calves. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:753. [PMID: 39095703 PMCID: PMC11295325 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced nutrition during the early calfhood period has been shown to lead to earlier pubertal development in heifer calves. This is of interest as earlier pubertal onset can subsequently facilitate earlier calving which can economically benefit production systems. Reproductive development in heifers is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian signalling pathway. In particular the anterior pituitary gland is central to reproductive development, through the dynamics of gonadotropic pulsatility. However, despite clear knowledge of the influence of enhanced dietary intake on subsequent reproductive development, the molecular control governing this response in the pituitary gland within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian signalling axis in heifer calves is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of an enhanced plane of nutrition during early life on the anterior pituitary gland of heifer calves through both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Between 3 and 21 weeks of age, heifer calves were offered either a high (HI, n = 14) or moderate (MOD, n = 14) plane of nutrition, designed to elicit target growth rates of 1.2 and 0.5 kg/d for HI and MOD groups, respectively. All calves were euthanised at 21 weeks of age and anterior pituitary tissue harvested for subsequent use in global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. RESULTS Average daily gain was affected by diet (P < 0.001) and was 1.18 and 0.50 kg/day, for HI and MOD calves, respectively. RNAseq analysis resulted in the identification of 195 differentially expressed genes (Padj<0.05; fold change > 1.5), with 277 proteins identified as differentially abundant (Padj<0.05; fold change > 1.5) between contrasting dietary treatment groups. Biochemical pathway analysis of differentially affected genes and proteins revealed an enrichment for both growth hormone and GnRH signalling pathways (Padj.<0.05). Additionally, pathway analysis predicted an effect of enhanced dietary intake on endocrine function within the anterior pituitary gland as well as on reproductive system development and function (Padj.<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study show that an enhanced dietary intake during early calfhood affected the molecular control of the anterior pituitary gland in heifer calves in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Teagasc Animal & Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co Meath, Ireland.
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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2
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Rosselot C, Li Y, Wang P, Alvarsson A, Beliard K, Lu G, Kang R, Li R, Liu H, Gillespie V, Tzavaras N, Kumar K, DeVita RJ, Stewart AF, Stanley SA, Garcia-Ocaña A. Harmine and exendin-4 combination therapy safely expands human β cell mass in vivo in a mouse xenograft system. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadg3456. [PMID: 38985854 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Five hundred thirty-seven million people globally suffer from diabetes. Insulin-producing β cells are reduced in number in most people with diabetes, but most individuals still have some residual β cells. However, none of the many diabetes drugs in common use increases human β cell numbers. Recently, small molecules that inhibit dual tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) have been shown to induce immunohistochemical markers of human β cell replication, and this is enhanced by drugs that stimulate the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor (GLP1R) on β cells. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether these immunohistochemical findings translate into an actual increase in human β cell numbers in vivo. It is also unknown whether DYRK1A inhibitors together with GLP1R agonists (GLP1RAs) affect human β cell survival. Here, using an optimized immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (iDISCO+) protocol in mouse kidneys bearing human islet grafts, we demonstrate that combination of a DYRK1A inhibitor with exendin-4 increases actual human β cell mass in vivo by a mean of four- to sevenfold in diabetic and nondiabetic mice over 3 months and reverses diabetes, without alteration in human α cell mass. The augmentation in human β cell mass occurred through mechanisms that included enhanced human β cell proliferation, function, and survival. The increase in human β cell survival was mediated, in part, by the islet prohormone VGF. Together, these findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential and favorable preclinical safety profile of the DYRK1A inhibitor-GLP1RA combination for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosselot
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yansui Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kara Beliard
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Geming Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Randy Kang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rosemary Li
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Virginia Gillespie
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tzavaras
- Microscopy CoRE and Advanced Bioimaging Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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3
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Chou CH, Yen CH, Liu CJ, Tu HF, Lin SC, Chang KW. The upregulation of VGF enhances the progression of oral squamous carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:115. [PMID: 38528565 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent neoplasm worldwide, necessitating a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis. VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF), a neuropeptide, plays critical roles in nerve and endocrine cell regulation. METHODS In this study, the TCGA datasets were initially screened, identifying the upregulation of VGF in various malignancies. We focused on OSCC cell lines, identifying the suppressor mRNA miR-432-5p as a negative regulator of VGF. Additionally, we examined the prognostic value of VGF expression in OSCC tumors and its impact on cellular functions. RESULTS VGF expression was found to be an independent prognostic predictor in OSCC tumors. Cells expressing VGF exhibited increased oncogenicity, influencing the proliferation and migration of oral mucosal fibroblast. Transcriptome analysis revealed associations between VGF and various pathological processes, including malignancies, exosome release, fibrosis, cell cycle disruption, and tumor immune suppression. Moreover, IL23R expression, a favorable OSCC prognostic factor, was inversely correlated with VGF expression. Exogenous IL23R expression was found to suppress VGF-associated mobility phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the multifaceted role of VGF in OSCC pathogenesis and introduces the miR-432-5p-VGF-IL23R regulatory axis as a critical mediator. The combined expression of VGF and IL23R emerges as a potent predictor of survival in oral carcinoma cases, suggesting potential implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Yen
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Zhang W, Miura A, Abu Saleh MM, Shimizu K, Mita Y, Tanida R, Hirako S, Shioda S, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Jin C, Kanai Y, Sasaki K, Minamino N, Sakoda H, Nakazato M. The NERP-4-SNAT2 axis regulates pancreatic β-cell maintenance and function. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8158. [PMID: 38071217 PMCID: PMC10710447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is regulated by multiple stimuli, including nutrients, hormones, neuronal inputs, and local signalling. Amino acids modulate insulin secretion via amino acid transporters expressed on β cells. The granin protein VGF has dual roles in β cells: regulating secretory granule formation and functioning as a multiple peptide precursor. A VGF-derived peptide, neuroendocrine regulatory peptide-4 (NERP-4), increases Ca2+ influx in the pancreata of transgenic mice expressing apoaequorin, a Ca2+-induced bioluminescent protein complex. NERP-4 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated human and mouse islets and β-cell-derived MIN6-K8 cells. NERP-4 administration reverses the impairment of β-cell maintenance and function in db/db mice by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing metabolic stress. NERP-4 acts on sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2), thereby increasing glutamine, alanine, and proline uptake into β cells and stimulating insulin secretion. SNAT2 deletion and inhibition abolish the protective effects of NERP-4 on β-cell maintenance. These findings demonstrate a novel autocrine mechanism of β-cell maintenance and function that is mediated by the peptide-amino acid transporter axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Miura
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Md Moin Abu Saleh
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Koichiro Shimizu
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mita
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Systems Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanida
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirako
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Valery Gmyr
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- Université de Lille, Inserm, Campus Hospitalo-Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Chunhuan Jin
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Sahu BS, Razzoli M, McGonigle S, Pallais JP, Nguyen ME, Sadahiro M, Jiang C, Lin WJ, Kelley KA, Rodriguez P, Mansk R, Cero C, Caviola G, Palanza P, Rao L, Beetch M, Alejandro E, Sham YY, Frontini A, Salton SR, Bartolomucci A. Targeted and selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide unmasks its unique role in energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101781. [PMID: 37482186 PMCID: PMC10400922 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pro-peptide precursors are processed into biologically active peptide hormones or neurotransmitters, each playing an essential role in physiology and disease. Genetic loss of function of a pro-peptide precursor results in the simultaneous ablation of all biologically-active peptides within that precursor, often leading to a composite phenotype that can be difficult to align with the loss of specific peptide components. Due to this biological constraint and technical limitations, mice carrying the selective ablation of individual peptides encoded by pro-peptide precursor genes, while leaving the other peptides unaffected, have remained largely unaddressed. METHODS We developed and characterized a mouse model carrying the selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide (ΔTLQP-21) encoded by the Vgf gene. To achieve this goal, we used a knowledge-based approach by mutating a codon in the Vgf sequence leading to the substitution of the C-terminal Arginine of TLQP-21, which is the pharmacophore as well as an essential cleavage site from its precursor, into Alanine (R21→A). RESULTS We provide several independent validations of this mouse, including a novel in-gel digestion targeted mass spectrometry identification of the unnatural mutant sequence, exclusive to the mutant mouse. ΔTLQP-21 mice do not manifest gross behavioral and metabolic abnormalities and reproduce well, yet they have a unique metabolic phenotype characterized by an environmental temperature-dependent resistance to diet-induced obesity and activation of the brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The ΔTLQP-21 mouse line can be a valuable resource to conduct mechanistic studies on the necessary role of TLQP-21 in physiology and disease, while also serving as a platform to test the specificity of novel antibodies or immunoassays directed at TLQP-21. Our approach also has far-reaching implications by informing the development of knowledge-based genetic engineering approaches to generate selective loss of function of other peptides encoded by pro-hormones genes, leaving all other peptides within the pro-protein precursor intact and unmodified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani S Sahu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seth McGonigle
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Megin E Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Masato Sadahiro
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin A Kelley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rachel Mansk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Giada Caviola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43120, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Palanza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43120, Parma, Italy
| | - Loredana Rao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emilyn Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuk Y Sham
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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6
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Karl KR, Schall PZ, Clark ZL, Ruebel ML, Cibelli J, Tempelman RJ, Latham KE, Ireland JJ. Ovarian stimulation with excessive FSH doses causes cumulus cell and oocyte dysfunction in small ovarian reserve heifers. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 29:gaad033. [PMID: 37713463 PMCID: PMC10541857 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive FSH doses during ovarian stimulation in the small ovarian reserve heifer (SORH) cause premature cumulus expansion and follicular hyperstimulation dysgenesis (FHD) in nearly all ovulatory-size follicles with predicted disruptions in cell-signaling pathways in cumulus cells and oocytes (before ovulatory hCG stimulation). These observations support the hypothesis that excessive FSH dysregulates cumulus cell function and oocyte maturation. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether excessive FSH-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cumulus cells identified in our previously published transcriptome analysis were altered independent of extreme phenotypic differences observed amongst ovulatory-size follicles, and assessed predicted roles of these DEGs in cumulus and oocyte biology. We also determined if excessive FSH alters cumulus cell morphology, and oocyte nuclear maturation before (premature) or after an ovulatory hCG stimulus or during IVM. Excessive FSH doses increased expression of 17 cumulus DEGs with known roles in cumulus cell and oocyte functions (responsiveness to gonadotrophins, survival, expansion, and oocyte maturation). Excessive FSH also induced premature cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation but inhibited cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation post-hCG and diminished the ability of oocytes with prematurely expanded cumulus cells to undergo IVF or nuclear maturation during IVM. Ovarian stimulation with excessive FSH is concluded to disrupt cumulus cell and oocyte functions by inducing premature cumulus expansion and dysregulating oocyte maturation without an ovulatory hCG stimulus yielding poor-quality cumulus-oocyte complexes that may be incorrectly judged morphologically as suitable for IVF during ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin R Karl
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peter Z Schall
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zaramasina L Clark
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jose Cibelli
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Department of Animal Science, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Gillis HL, Kalinina A, Xue Y, Yan K, Turcotte-Cardin V, Todd MAM, Young KG, Lagace D, Picketts DJ. VGF is required for recovery after focal stroke. Exp Neurol 2023; 362:114326. [PMID: 36682400 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence of ischemic stroke worldwide and poor efficacy of neuroprotective drugs has increased the need for novel therapies in stroke recovery. Transcription of the neurosecretory protein VGF (non-acronym) is enhanced following ischemic stroke and proposed to be important for stroke recovery. To determine the requirement for VGF in recovery, we created Vgffl/fl:Nestin-Cre conditional knockout (Vgf cKO) mice and induced a photothrombotic focal ischemic stroke. Naïve Vgf cKO mice had significant less body weight in the absence of gross defects in brain size, cortical lamination, or deficits in locomotor activity compared to wildtype controls. Following a focal stroke, the Vgf cKO mice had greater deficits including impaired recovery of forepaw motor deficits at 2- and 4-weeks post stroke. The increase in deficits occurred in the absence of any difference in lesion size and was accompanied by a striking loss of stroke-induced migration of SVZ-derived immature neurons to the peri-infarct region. Importantly, exogenous adenoviral delivery of VGF (AdVGF) significantly improved recovery in the Vgf cKO mice and was able to rescue the immature neuron migration defect observed. Taken together, our results define a requirement for VGF in post stroke recovery and identify VGF peptides as a potential future therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Gillis
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alena Kalinina
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yingben Xue
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Keqin Yan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcotte-Cardin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Matthew A M Todd
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin G Young
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Diane Lagace
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David J Picketts
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, K1H 8M5, Canada; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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8
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Sahu BS, Razzoli M, McGonigle S, Pallais JP, Nguyen ME, Sadahiro M, Jiang C, Lin WJ, Kelley KA, Rodriguez P, Mansk R, Cero C, Caviola G, Palanza P, Rao L, Beetch M, Alejandro E, Sham YY, Frontini A, Salton SR, Bartolomucci A. Targeted and selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide unmasks its unique role in energy homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.532619. [PMID: 36993202 PMCID: PMC10055429 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.532619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pro-peptide precursors are processed into biologically active peptide hormones or neurotransmitters, each playing an essential role in physiology and disease. Genetic loss of function of a pro-peptide precursor results in the simultaneous ablation of all biologically-active peptides within that precursor, often leading to a composite phenotype that can be difficult to align with the loss of specific peptide components. Due to this biological constraint and technical limitations, mice carrying the selective ablation of individual peptides encoded by pro-peptide precursor genes, while leaving the other peptides unaffected, have remained largely unaddressed. Here, we developed and characterized a mouse model carrying the selective knockout of the TLQP-21 neuropeptide (ΔTLQP-21) encoded by the Vgf gene. To achieve this goal, we used a knowledge-based approach by mutating a codon in the Vgf sequence leading to the substitution of the C-terminal Arginine of TLQP-21, which is the pharmacophore as well as an essential cleavage site from its precursor, into Alanine (R 21 →A). We provide several independent validations of this mouse, including a novel in-gel digestion targeted mass spectrometry identification of the unnatural mutant sequence, exclusive to the mutant mouse. ΔTLQP-21 mice do not manifest gross behavioral and metabolic abnormalities and reproduce well, yet they have a unique metabolic phenotype characterized by a temperature-dependent resistance to diet-induced obesity and activation of the brown adipose tissue.
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9
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Makowczenko KG, Jastrzebski JP, Kiezun M, Paukszto L, Dobrzyn K, Smolinska N, Kaminski T. Adaptation of the Porcine Pituitary Transcriptome, Spliceosome and Editome during Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065946. [PMID: 36983019 PMCID: PMC10053595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms of the porcine reproduction are relatively well-known. However, transcriptomic changes and the mechanisms accompanying transcription and translation processes in various reproductive organs, as well as their dependence on hormonal status, are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to gain a principal understanding of alterations within the transcriptome, spliceosome and editome occurring in the pituitary of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.), which controls basic physiological processes in the reproductive system. In this investigation, we performed extensive analyses of data obtained by high-throughput sequencing of RNA from the gilts' pituitary anterior lobes during embryo implantation and the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. During analyses, we obtained detailed information on expression changes of 147 genes and 43 long noncoding RNAs, observed 784 alternative splicing events and also found the occurrence of 8729 allele-specific expression sites and 122 RNA editing events. The expression profiles of the selected 16 phenomena were confirmed by PCR or qPCR techniques. As a final result of functional meta-analysis, we acquired knowledge regarding intracellular pathways that induce changes in the processes accompanying transcription and translation regulation, which may induce modifications in the secretory activity of the porcine adenohypophyseal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol G Makowczenko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Lodzki 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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10
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Park OS, Bang JK, Cheong C, Jeon YH. Structure of AQEE-30 of VGF Neuropeptide in Membrane-Mimicking Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213953. [PMID: 36430431 PMCID: PMC9696787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AQEE-30 is one of the VGF peptides, which are derived from the VGF polypeptide precursor, and related to various physiological phenomena including neuroprotective effects in Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although various functions of AQEE-30 have been reported so far, the structure of this peptide has not been reported yet. In this study, the structure of human AQEE-30 was investigated in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC) micelle solutions, using circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. CD results showed that AQEE-30 had a partial helical structure in aqueous buffer, and the helical structure was stabilized in the HFIP and DPC micelle solutions. The 3D structures determined by NMR spectroscopy showed that AQEE-30 adopted mainly α-helical structure in both the HFIP and DPC micelle solutions. The surface of AQEE-30 showed that it was predominantly negatively charged. The residues from 601 to 611 in both the HFIP and DPC micelle solutions showed amphiphilicity with four negatively charged residues, glutamate. The C-terminal consecutive arginine residues formed a partial positively charged surface. These results suggest an α-helical active structure of AQEE-30 in the cell-membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- One-Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Cheongju 28119, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Young-Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong 30019, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (Y.-H.J.)
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11
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Joshi R, Salton SRJ. Neurotrophin Crosstalk in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:932497. [PMID: 35909451 PMCID: PMC9335126 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.932497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the current progress in our understanding of the mechanisms by which growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and select neurotrophin-regulated gene products, such as VGF (non-acronymic) and VGF-derived neuropeptides, function in the central nervous system (CNS) to modulate neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, with a discussion of the possible therapeutic applications of these growth factors to major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). BDNF and VEGF levels are generally decreased regionally in the brains of MDD subjects and in preclinical animal models of depression, changes that are associated with neuronal atrophy and reduced neurogenesis, and are reversed by conventional monoaminergic and novel ketamine-like antidepressants. Downstream of neurotrophins and their receptors, VGF was identified as a nerve growth factor (NGF)- and BDNF-inducible secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that is produced and trafficked throughout the CNS, where its expression is greatly influenced by neuronal activity and exercise, and where several VGF-derived peptides modulate neuronal activity, function, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Moreover, levels of VGF are reduced in the CSF of AD subjects, where it has been repetitively identified as a disease biomarker, and in the hippocampi of subjects with MDD, suggesting possible shared mechanisms by which reduced levels of VGF and other proteins that are similarly regulated by neurotrophin signaling pathways contribute to and potentially drive the pathogenesis and progression of co-morbid neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly MDD and AD, opening possible therapeutic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Joshi
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen R. J. Salton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Stephen R. J. Salton,
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12
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Wang Y, Qin X, Han Y, Li B. VGF: A prospective biomarker and therapeutic target for neuroendocrine and nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113099. [PMID: 35594706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine regulatory polypeptide VGF (nerve growth factor inducible) was firstly found in the rapid induction of nerve growth factor on PC12 cells. It was selectively distributed in neurons and many neuroendocrine tissues. This paper reviewed the latest literatures on the gene structure, transcriptional regulation, protein processing, distribution and potential receptors of VGF. The neuroendocrine roles of VGF and its derived polypeptides in regulating energy, water electrolyte balance, circadian rhythm and reproductive activities were also summarized. Furthermore, based on the experimental evidence in vivo and in vitro, dysregulation of VGF in different neuroendocrine diseases and the possible mechanism mediated by VGF polypeptides were discussed. We next discussed the potential as the clinical diagnosis and therapy for VGF related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Qin
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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13
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Yang LH, Lee RKL, Kuo MH, Miao CC, Wang YX, Chen A, Jhu YW, Cheng HI, Pan ST, Chou YT. Neuronal survival factor VGF promotes chemoresistance and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1611-1625. [PMID: 35762443 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung consist of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). Both exhibit aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) to SCLC or LCNEC also contributes to acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Despite initially being responsive to chemotherapy, high-grade NET patients inevitably develop drug resistance; thus, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed for these patients. This study reported that VGF (nerve growth factor inducible), a factor mainly expressed in neurons during neural development, is highly expressed in SCLC and LCNEC as well as in a subset of ADCs, whereas targeting VGF attenuates cancer cell growth and tumor formation. High VGF expression was associated with advanced stage SCLC and predicted poor prognosis in lung ADC. In addition, EGFR-TKI selection enriched VGF expression in TKI-resistant ADC under epigenetic control. The VGF locus possessed the HDAC1 binding site, and treatment of ADC cells with the HDAC1 inhibitor induced VGF expression. High VGF expression was associated with chemoresistance, and silencing VGF induced BMF and BCL2L11 expression and rendered lung cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy drugs. These findings suggested the potential of VGF as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in lung cancers with neuroendocrine feature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Richard Kuan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,SMOBIO Technology, Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yuan-Xin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Alvin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Wei Jhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung-I Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Mackay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shien-Tung Pan
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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14
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Sato H, Hatakeyama J, Iwasato T, Araki K, Yamamoto N, Shimamura K. Thalamocortical axons control the cytoarchitecture of neocortical layers by area-specific supply of VGF. eLife 2022; 11:67549. [PMID: 35289744 PMCID: PMC8959604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal abundance and thickness of each cortical layer are specific to each area, but how this fundamental feature arises during development remains poorly understood. While some of area-specific features are controlled by intrinsic cues such as morphogens and transcription factors, the exact influence and mechanisms of action by cues extrinsic to the cortex, in particular the thalamic axons, have not been fully established. Here, we identify a thalamus-derived factor, VGF, which is indispensable for thalamocortical axons to maintain the proper amount of layer 4 neurons in the mouse sensory cortices. This process is prerequisite for further maturation of the primary somatosensory area, such as barrel field formation instructed by a neuronal activity-dependent mechanism. Our results provide an actual case in which highly site-specific axon projection confers further regional complexity upon the target field through locally secreting signaling molecules from axon terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sato
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Hatakeyama
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimamura
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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15
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Alqarni S, Alsebai M. Could VGF and/or its derived peptide act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032192. [PMID: 36619561 PMCID: PMC9817138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing ageing population has led to an increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, as yet, there are no simple biomarkers to predict the onset of such diseases. Recently, VGF and its peptides have been highlighted in neurodegenerative diseases. VGF (non-acronymic) is a polypeptide induced in PC12 cells by neurotrophic factors. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to determine whether VGF and/or its derived peptides can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ALS, PD, and AD with specific attention to (1) the levels of VGF and/or its derived peptides, (2) amyloid-beta, (3) dopamine, and (4) cognitive score. METHODOLOGY A search was undertaken in the Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies. Publications that assessed the level of VGF and/or its derived peptides among people with neurodegenerative diseases and compared them with healthy people were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. RESULT A search of the databases yielded 834 studies, of which, eight observational studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 673 participants (51.7% males) aged >18 years. Seven studies showed significant decreases in VGF and its derived peptides in adults with AD, PD, and ALS compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). However, one study showed that there was no significant difference in VGF in AD compared to healthy control(p>0.05). Furthermore, only one study reported that VGF levels were positively correlated with those of tissue dopamine but not with Aβ1-42, and low levels of VGF were associated to cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION The use of VGF and its derivatives for the diagnosis of PD, ALS, AD remains unclear, so further investigation of the role of VGF in neurodegenerative diseases and pathophysiology is needed to provide new insights.
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16
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Quinn JP, Kandigian SE, Trombetta BA, Arnold SE, Carlyle BC. VGF as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab261. [PMID: 34778762 PMCID: PMC8578498 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurosecretory protein VGF (non-acronymic) belongs to the granin family of neuropeptides. VGF and VGF-derived peptides have been repeatedly identified in well-powered and well-designed multi-omic studies as dysregulated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. New therapeutics is urgently needed for these devastating and costly diseases, as are new biomarkers to improve disease diagnosis and mechanistic understanding. From a list of 537 genes involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, VGF was highlighted by the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in Alzheimer's disease as the potential therapeutic target of greatest interest. VGF levels are consistently decreased in brain tissue and CSF samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to controls, and its levels correlate with disease severity and Alzheimer's disease pathology. In the brain, VGF exists as multiple functional VGF-derived peptides. Full-length human VGF1-615 undergoes proteolytic processing by prohormone convertases and other proteases in the regulated secretory pathway to produce at least 12 active VGF-derived peptides. In cell and animal models, these VGF-derived peptides have been linked to energy balance regulation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, learning and memory, and depression-related behaviours throughout development and adulthood. The C-terminal VGF-derived peptides, TLQP-62 (VGF554-615) and TLQP-21 (VGF554-574) have differential effects on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, neuronal and microglial activity, and learning and memory. TLQP-62 activates neuronal cell-surface receptors and regulates long-term hippocampal memory formation. TLQP-62 also prevents immune-mediated memory impairment, depression-like and anxiety-like behaviours in mice. TLQP-21 binds to microglial cell-surface receptors, triggering microglial chemotaxis and phagocytosis. These actions were reported to reduce amyloid-β plaques and decrease neuritic dystrophy in a transgenic mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Expression differences of VGF-derived peptides have also been associated with frontotemporal lobar dementias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, Huntington's disease, pain, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and antidepressant response. This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights questions for future investigation regarding the roles of VGF and its dysregulation in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease. Finally, the potential of VGF and VGF-derived peptides as biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Savannah E Kandigian
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bianca A Trombetta
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becky C Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical & Translational Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Benchoula K, Parhar IS, Hwa WE. The molecular mechanism of vgf in appetite, lipids, and insulin regulation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105855. [PMID: 34461221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an indication of an imbalance between energy expenditure and food intake. It is a complicated disease of epidemic proportions as it involves many factors and organs. Sedentary lifestyles and overeating have caused a substantial rise in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, the discovery of successful and sustainable therapies for these chronic illnesses is critical. However, the mechanisms of obesity and diabetes and the crosstalk between these diseases are still ambiguous. Numerous studies are being done to study these mechanisms, with updates made frequently. VGF peptide and its derivatives are anticipated to have a role in the development of obesity and diabetes. However, contradictory studies have produced conflicting findings on the function of VGF. Therefore, in this review, we attempt to clarify and explain the role of VGF peptides in the brain, pancreas, and adipose tissue in the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia), BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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18
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An increase in VGF expression through a rapid, transcription-independent, autofeedback mechanism improves cognitive function. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 34238925 PMCID: PMC8266826 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of neuropeptides from dense core vesicles (DCVs) modulates neuronal activity and plays a critical role in cognitive function and emotion. The granin family is considered a master regulator of DCV biogenesis and the release of DCV cargo molecules. The expression of the VGF protein (nonacronymic), a secreted neuropeptide precursor that also belongs to the extended granin family, has been previously shown to be induced in the brain by hippocampus-dependent learning, and its downregulation is mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other mood disorders. Currently, whether changes in translational efficiency of Vgf and other granin mRNAs may be associated and regulated with learning associated neural activity remains largely unknown. Here, we show that either contextual fear memory training or the administration of TLQP-62, a peptide derived from the C-terminal region of the VGF precursor, acutely increases the translation of VGF and other granin proteins, such as CgB and Scg2, via an mTOR-dependent signaling pathway in the absence of measurable increases in mRNA expression. Luciferase-based reporter assays confirmed that the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the Vgf mRNA represses VGF translation. Consistently, the truncation of the endogenous Vgf mRNA 3'UTR results in substantial increases in VGF protein expression both in cultured primary neurons and in brain tissues from knock in mice expressing a 3'UTR-truncation mutant encoded by the modified Vgf gene. Importantly, Vgf 3'UTR-truncated mice exhibit enhanced memory performance and reduced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Our results therefore reveal a rapid, transcription-independent induction of VGF and other granin proteins after learning that are triggered by the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62. Our findings suggest that the rapid, positive feedforward increase in the synthesis of granin family proteins might be a general mechanism to replenish DCV cargo molecules that have been released in response to neuronal activation and is crucial for memory function and mood stability.
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19
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Vasiliev G, Chadaeva I, Rasskazov D, Ponomarenko P, Sharypova E, Drachkova I, Bogomolov A, Savinkova L, Ponomarenko M, Kolchanov N, Osadchuk A, Oshchepkov D, Osadchuk L. A Bioinformatics Model of Human Diseases on the Basis of Differentially Expressed Genes (of Domestic Versus Wild Animals) That Are Orthologs of Human Genes Associated with Reproductive-Potential Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2346. [PMID: 33652917 PMCID: PMC7956675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier, after our bioinformatic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TATA-binding protein-binding sites within gene promoters on the human Y chromosome, we suggested that human reproductive potential diminishes during self-domestication. Here, we implemented bioinformatics models of human diseases using animal in vivo genome-wide RNA-Seq data to compare the effect of co-directed changes in the expression of orthologous genes on human reproductive potential and during the divergence of domestic and wild animals from their nearest common ancestor (NCA). For example, serotonin receptor 3A (HTR3A) deficiency contributes to sudden death in pregnancy, consistently with Htr3a underexpression in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during their divergence from their NCA with cavy (C. aperea). Overall, 25 and three differentially expressed genes (hereinafter, DEGs) in domestic animals versus 11 and 17 DEGs in wild animals show the direction consistent with human orthologous gene-markers of reduced and increased reproductive potential. This indicates a reliable association between DEGs in domestic animals and human orthologous genes reducing reproductive potential (Pearson's χ2 test p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test p < 0.05, binomial distribution p < 0.0001), whereas DEGs in wild animals uniformly match human orthologous genes decreasing and increasing human reproductive potential (p > 0.1; binomial distribution), thus enforcing the norm (wild type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Vasiliev
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Dmitry Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Petr Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ekaterina Sharypova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Irina Drachkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Anton Bogomolov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ludmila Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Nikolay Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Alexander Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Dmitry Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ludmila Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
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20
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Dalbøge LS, Jacobsen JM, Mehrotra S, Mercer AJ, Cox N, Liu F, Bennett CM, Said M, Tang-Christensen M, Raun K, Hansen JL, Grove KL, Baquero AF. Evaluation of VGF peptides as potential anti-obesity candidates in pre-clinical animal models. Peptides 2021; 136:170444. [PMID: 33245952 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
VGF is a peptide precursor expressed in neuroendocrine cells that is suggested to play a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. VGF is proteolytically cleaved to yield multiple bioactive peptides. However, the specific actions of VGF-derived peptides on energy homeostasis remain unclear. The aim of the present work was to investigate the role of VGF-derived peptides in energy homeostasis and explore the pharmacological actions of VGF-derived peptides on body weight in preclinical animal models. VGF-derived peptides (NERP-1, NERP-2, PGH-NH2, PGH-OH, NERP-4, TLQP-21, TLQP-30, TLQP-62, HHPD-41, AQEE-30, and LQEQ-19) were synthesized and screened for their ability to affect neuronal activity in vitro on hypothalamic brain slices and modulate food intake and energy expenditure after acute central administration in vivo. In addition, the effects of NERP-1, NERP-2, PGH-NH2, TLQP-21, TLQP-62, and HHPD-41 on energy homeostasis were studied after chronic central infusion. NERP-1, PGH-NH2, HHPD-41, and TLQP-62 increased the functional activity of hypothalamic neuronal networks. However, none of the peptides altered energy homeostasis after either acute or chronic ICV administration. The present data do not support the potential use of the tested VGF-derived peptides as novel anti-obesity drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Dalbøge
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Julie M Jacobsen
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Suneet Mehrotra
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Aaron J Mercer
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Nick Cox
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Fa Liu
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Camdin M Bennett
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Meerit Said
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Kirsten Raun
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Hansen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Arian F Baquero
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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21
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Corda G, Noli B, Manconi B, Brancia C, Pellegrini M, Naro F, Olianas A, Ferri GL, Cocco C. TLQP-21 changes in response to a glucose load. Tissue Cell 2020; 68:101471. [PMID: 33348234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TLQP-21 peptide potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hence we investigated its endogenous response to glucose. METHODS Fasted mice received intraperitoneal glucose (3 g/kg), or saline (controls), and were sacrificed 30 and 120 min later (4 groups, n = 6/group). We investigated TLQP-21 in pancreas and plasma using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), as well as TLQP-21 receptors (gC1q-R and C3a-R1) expression in pancreas by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In pancreas, TLQP-immunoreactivity (TLQP-ir.) was shown in insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells. Upon glucose, TLQP-ir. decreased at 30 min (∼40 % vs. controls), while returning to basal values at 120 min. In all groups, C3a-R1 was localized in ∼50 % of TLQP labelled islet cells (mostly central), while gC1q-R was detected in ∼25 % of TLQP cells (mainly peripheral). HPLC fractions of control pancreas extracts, assessed by ELISA, confirmed the presence of a TLQP-21 compatible-form (∼2.5 kDa MW). In plasma, TLQP-ir. increased at 30 min (∼30 %), with highest concentrations at 120 min (both: p<0.05 vs. controls), while HPLC fractions showed an increase in the TLQP-21 compatible form. CONCLUSIONS Upon hyperglycaemia, TLQP-21 would be released from islets, to enhance insulin secretion but we cannot exclude an autocrine activity which may regulate insulin storage/secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Barbara Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Enviromental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carla Brancia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomical, Istological and Legal Medicine Sciences of the locomotor apparatus, University of "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Istological and Legal Medicine Sciences of the locomotor apparatus, University of "La Sapienza", Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Life and Enviromental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Gian-Luca Ferri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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22
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Koc G, Soyocak A, Alis H, Kankaya B, Kanigur G. Changes in VGF and C3aR1 gene expression in human adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:251-257. [PMID: 33306149 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The VGF gene, which has been shown to be metabolically associated with energy balance, glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion process, and biological processes related to overeating, is prominent in relation to obesity. TLQP-21 neuropeptide, derived from the VGF, is considered to promote lipolysis by the beta-adrenergic pathway through targeting the C3aR1 receptor located in the adipocyte membrane. In this study, we aimed to measure the expression levels of the VGF and C3aR1 genes in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and individuals with normal weight determined based on body mass index (BMI), and to reveal the correlation of these levels with obesity. VGF and C3aR1 gene expression levels were measured using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT PCR) in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples of 52 obese patients (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and 21 non-obese controls (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). The results were statistically analyzed. The VGF expression was lower and the C3aR1 gene expression was higher in obese patients compared to the non-obese control group (p < 0.05). In obese patients, there was a statistically significant positive correlation of 85.6% between VGF and C3aR1, in which when one level increased, the other also increased (p < 0.05, r = 0.856). The findings show that the VGF may be significantly associated with obesity and is very important since it is the first to measure the level of VGF gene expression in human adipose tissue. This research provides new evidence of a link between obesity and VGF/C3aR1 and in the future may help design strategies to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Koc
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Soyocak
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Alis
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Kankaya
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University VM Medical Park Florya Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G Kanigur
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Hu Y, Korovaichuk A, Astiz M, Schroeder H, Islam R, Barrenetxea J, Fischer A, Oster H, Bringmann H. Functional Divergence of Mammalian TFAP2a and TFAP2b Transcription Factors for Bidirectional Sleep Control. Genetics 2020; 216:735-752. [PMID: 32769099 PMCID: PMC7648577 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a conserved behavioral state. Invertebrates typically show quiet sleep, whereas in mammals, sleep consists of periods of nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and REM sleep (REMS). We previously found that the transcription factor AP-2 promotes sleep in Caenorhabditiselegans and Drosophila In mammals, several paralogous AP-2 transcription factors exist. Sleep-controlling genes are often conserved. However, little is known about how sleep genes evolved from controlling simpler types of sleep to govern complex mammalian sleep. Here, we studied the roles of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in sleep control in mice. Consistent with our results from C. elegans and Drosophila, the AP-2 transcription factors Tfap2a and Tfap2b also control sleep in mice. Surprisingly, however, the two AP-2 paralogs play contrary roles in sleep control. Tfap2a reduction of function causes stronger delta and theta power in both baseline and homeostasis analysis, thus indicating increased sleep quality, but did not affect sleep quantity. By contrast, Tfap2b reduction of function decreased NREM sleep time specifically during the dark phase, reduced NREMS and REMS power, and caused a weaker response to sleep deprivation. Consistent with the observed signatures of decreased sleep quality, stress resistance and memory were impaired in Tfap2b mutant animals. Also, the circadian period was slightly shortened. Taken together, AP-2 transcription factors control sleep behavior also in mice, but the role of the AP-2 genes functionally diversified to allow for a bidirectional control of sleep quality. Divergence of AP-2 transcription factors might perhaps have supported the evolution of more complex types of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alejandra Korovaichuk
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Henning Schroeder
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Rezaul Islam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jon Barrenetxea
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen 37075, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Henrik Bringmann
- Max Planck Research Group "Sleep and Waking", Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Department of Animal Physiology/Neurophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
- BIOTEC of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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24
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Park O, Bang JK, Ryu K, Hwang E, Hong KS, Byun Y, Cheong C, Jeon YH. Structure of neuroendocrine regulatory peptide‐2 in membrane‐mimicking environments. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- One‐Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy Korea University Sejong Campus Sejong South Korea
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Seok Ryu
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy Korea University Sejong Campus Sejong South Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis Korea Basic Science Institute Cheongju South Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy Korea University Sejong Campus Sejong South Korea
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25
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Kim JY, Bai Y, Jayne LA, Abdulkader F, Gandhi M, Perreau T, Parikh SV, Gardner DS, Davidson AJ, Sander V, Song MA, Bajwa A, Pabla NS. SOX9 promotes stress-responsive transcription of VGF nerve growth factor inducible gene in renal tubular epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16328-16341. [PMID: 32887795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition associated with diverse etiologies and abrupt loss of renal function. In patients with sepsis, rhabdomyolysis, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders, the underlying disease or associated therapeutic interventions can cause hypoxia, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory insults to renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), resulting in the onset of AKI. To uncover stress-responsive disease-modifying genes, here we have carried out renal transcriptome profiling in three distinct murine models of AKI. We find that Vgf nerve growth factor inducible gene up-regulation is a common transcriptional stress response in RTECs to ischemia-, cisplatin-, and rhabdomyolysis-associated renal injury. The Vgf gene encodes a secretory peptide precursor protein that has critical neuroendocrine functions; however, its role in the kidneys remains unknown. Our functional studies show that RTEC-specific Vgf gene ablation exacerbates ischemia-, cisplatin-, and rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI in vivo and cisplatin-induced RTEC cell death in vitro Importantly, aggravation of cisplatin-induced renal injury caused by Vgf gene ablation is partly reversed by TLQP-21, a Vgf-derived peptide. Finally, in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies showed that injury-induced Vgf up-regulation in RTECs is driven by the transcriptional regulator Sox9. These findings reveal a crucial downstream target of the Sox9-directed transcriptional program and identify Vgf as a stress-responsive protective gene in kidney tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Yuntao Bai
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura A Jayne
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ferdos Abdulkader
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megha Gandhi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tayla Perreau
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Samir V Parikh
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David S Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veronika Sander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Navjot Singh Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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26
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Sun H, Wang J, Xing Y, Pan YH, Mao X. Gut transcriptomic changes during hibernation in the greater horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Front Zool 2020; 17:21. [PMID: 32690984 PMCID: PMC7366455 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut is the major organ for nutrient absorption and immune response in the body of animals. Although effects of fasting on the gut functions have been extensively studied in model animals (e.g. mice), little is known about the response of the gut to fasting in a natural condition (e.g. hibernation). During hibernation, animals endure the long term of fasting and hypothermia. Results Here we generated the first gut transcriptome in a wild hibernating bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). We identified 1614 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during four physiological states (Torpor, Arousal, Winter Active and Summer Active). Gene co-expression network analysis assigns 926 DEGs into six modules associated with Torpor and Arousal. Our results reveal that in response to the stress of luminal nutrient deficiency during hibernation, the gut helps to reduce food intake by overexpressing genes (e.g. CCK and GPR17) that regulate the sensitivity to insulin and leptin. At the same time, the gut contributes energy supply by overexpressing genes that increase capacity for ketogenesis (HMGCS2) and selective autophagy (TEX264). Furthermore, we identified separate sets of multiple DEGs upregulated in Torpor and Arousal whose functions are involved in innate immunity. Conclusion This is the first gut transcriptome of a hibernating mammal. Our study identified candidate genes associated with regulation of food intake and enhance of innate immunity in the gut during hibernation. By comparing with previous studies, we found that two DEGs (CPE and HSPA8) were also significantly elevated during torpor in liver and brain of R. ferrumequinum and several DEGs (e.g. TXNIP and PDK1/4) were commonly upregulated during torpor in multiple tissues of different mammals. Our results support that shared expression changes may underlie the hibernation phenotype by most mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Sun
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yutong Xing
- Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yi-Hsuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Xiuguang Mao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062 China
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27
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Cho K, Jang YJ, Lee SJ, Jeon YN, Shim YL, Lee JY, Lim DS, Kim DH, Yoon SY. TLQP-21 mediated activation of microglial BV2 cells promotes clearance of extracellular fibril amyloid-β. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:764-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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El Gaamouch F, Audrain M, Lin WJ, Beckmann N, Jiang C, Hariharan S, Heeger PS, Schadt EE, Gandy S, Ehrlich ME, Salton SR. VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 modulates microglial function through C3aR1 signaling pathways and reduces neuropathology in 5xFAD mice. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:4. [PMID: 31924226 PMCID: PMC6954537 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-0357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiomic studies by several groups in the NIH Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Alzheimer's Disease (AMP-AD) identified VGF as a major driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD), also finding that reduced VGF levels correlate with mean amyloid plaque density, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Braak scores. VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 activates the complement C3a receptor-1 (C3aR1), predominantly expressed in the brain on microglia. However, it is unclear how mouse or human TLQP-21, which are not identical, modulate microglial function and/or AD progression. METHODS We performed phagocytic/migration assays and RNA sequencing on BV2 microglial cells and primary microglia isolated from wild-type or C3aR1-null mice following treatment with TLQP-21 or C3a super agonist (C3aSA). Effects of intracerebroventricular TLQP-21 delivery were evaluated in 5xFAD mice, a mouse amyloidosis model of AD. Finally, the human HMC3 microglial cell line was treated with human TLQP-21 to determine whether specific peptide functions are conserved from mouse to human. RESULTS We demonstrate that TLQP-21 increases motility and phagocytic capacity in murine BV2 microglial cells, and in primary wild-type but not in C3aR1-null murine microglia, which under basal conditions have impaired phagocytic function compared to wild-type. RNA sequencing of primary microglia revealed overlapping transcriptomic changes induced by treatment with TLQP-21 or C3a super agonist (C3aSA). There were no transcriptomic changes in C3aR1-null or wild-type microglia exposed to the mutant peptide TLQP-R21A, which does not activate C3aR1. Most of the C3aSA- and TLQP-21-induced differentially expressed genes were linked to cell migration and proliferation. Intracerebroventricular TLQP-21 administration for 28 days via implanted osmotic pump resulted in a reduction of amyloid plaques and associated dystrophic neurites and restored expression of subsets of Alzheimer-associated microglial genes. Finally, we found that human TLQP-21 activates human microglia in a fashion similar to activation of murine microglia by mouse TLQP-21. CONCLUSIONS These data provide molecular and functional evidence suggesting that mouse and human TLQP-21 modulate microglial function, with potential implications for the progression of AD-related neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida El Gaamouch
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Noam Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Siddharth Hariharan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Department of Medicine, Translational Transplant Research Center, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT 06902 USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Stephen R. Salton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Noda Y, Tanaka M, Nakamura S, Ito J, Kakita A, Hara H, Shimazawa M. Identification of VGF nerve growth factor inducible-producing cells in human spinal cords and expression change in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:480-489. [PMID: 32174778 PMCID: PMC7053308 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons resulting in muscle weakness and paralysis. The neuroendocrine polypeptide VGF is localized in the central nervous system and peripheral endocrine neurons and is cleaved into several polypeptides with multiple functions. Previous studies revealed that VGF was decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS model mice and sporadic ALS patients. However, it is unknown which cells supply VGF in the spinal cord and a detailed localization is lacking. In this study, we evaluated the VGF-producing cells and protein localization using in situ hybridization and immunostaining in the spinal cords of ALS and control patients. VGF mRNA was localized both in the dorsal and anterior horns of the spinal cords. Moreover, in the anterior horn, VGF mRNA co-localized with a neurofilament heavy chain, which is a motor neuron marker, and VGF mRNA-positive motor neurons were decreased in the spinal cords of ALS patients. We revealed that VGF protein level was decreased in the anterior horn of ALS patients; however, the expression level of VGF protein was not changed in the posterior horn or white matter. Furthermore, the expression level of VGF protein was conserved in ALS patients with long-term survival. These results reveal that VGF is mainly supplied by human motor neurons, and suggest that VGF expression changes may be involved in ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Noda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Miruto Tanaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Junko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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30
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VGF in Cerebrospinal Fluid Combined With Conventional Biomarkers Enhances Prediction of Conversion From MCI to AD. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:307-314. [PMID: 31305322 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has suggested that the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of a neural protein involved in synaptic transmission, VGF (a noninitialism), may be altered in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer Disease (AD). The objective of the current work is to examine the potential of CSF levels of a peptide derived from VGF to predict conversion from MCI to AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using multivariate analytical approaches, the performance of the conventional biomarkers (CSF Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated tau +/- hippocampal volume) was compared with the same biomarkers combined with CSF VGF peptide levels in a large publicly available data set from human subjects. RESULTS It was observed that VGF peptides are lowered in CSF of patients with AD compared with controls and that combinations of CSF Aβ1-42 and phosphorylated tau, hippocampal volume, and VGF peptide levels outperformed conventional biomarkers alone (hazard ratio=2.2 vs. 3.9), for predicting MCI to AD conversion. CONCLUSIONS CSF VGF enhances the ability of conventional biomarkers to predict MCI to AD conversion. Future work will be needed to determine the specificity of VGF for AD versus other neurodegenerative diseases.
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31
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Striberny A, Jørgensen EH, Klopp C, Magnanou E. Arctic charr brain transcriptome strongly affected by summer seasonal growth but only subtly by feed deprivation. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:529. [PMID: 31248377 PMCID: PMC6598377 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) has a highly seasonal feeding cycle that comprises long periods of voluntary fasting and a short but intense feeding period during summer. Therefore, the charr represents an interesting species for studying appetite-regulating mechanisms in fish. Results In this study, we compared the brain transcriptomes of fed and feed deprived charr over a 4 weeks trial during their summer feeding season. Despite prominent differences in body condition between fed and feed deprived charr at the end of the trial, feed deprivation affected the brain transcriptome only slightly. In contrast, the transcriptome differed markedly over time in both fed and feed deprived charr, indicating strong shifts in basic cell metabolic processes possibly due to season, growth, temperature, or combinations thereof. The GO enrichment analysis revealed that many biological processes appeared to change in the same direction in both fed and feed deprived fish. In the feed deprived charr processes linked to oxygen transport and apoptosis were down- and up-regulated, respectively. Known genes encoding for appetite regulators did not respond to feed deprivation. Gene expression of Deiodinase 2 (DIO2), an enzyme implicated in the regulation of seasonal processes in mammals, was lower in response to season and feed deprivation. We further found a higher expression of VGF (non-acronymic) in the feed deprived than in the fed fish. This gene encodes for a neuropeptide associated with the control of energy metabolism in mammals, and has not been studied in relation to regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis in fish. Conclusions In the Arctic charr, external and endogenous seasonal factors for example the increase in temperature and their circannual growth cycle, respectively, evoke much stronger responses in the brain than 4 weeks feed deprivation. The absence of a central hunger response in feed deprived charr give support for a strong resilience to the lack of food in this high Arctic species. DIO2 and VGF may play a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and need to be further studied in seasonal fish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5874-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Striberny
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Even H Jørgensen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plateforme Bioinformatique Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées UBIA, INRA, Auzeville Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Elodie Magnanou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, BIOM, F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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32
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VGF has Roles in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia: Evidence from Transgenic Mouse Models. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:721-727. [PMID: 31037515 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, are complex multigenetic conditions, but focused studies of single genes might reveal genes involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Several candidate genes have been identified using transgenic mice. VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a neuropeptide expression of which is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). VGF is robustly and exclusively synthesized in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. In central nervous system (CNS), VGF is extensively expressed especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. VGF has many roles in the CNS, such as promotion of synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurite outgrowth. In clinical studies, altered expression and genetic mutations of VGF have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. On this basis, studies using transgenic mice to overexpress or knockout VGF have been performed to investigate the roles of upregulation or downregulation of VGF. In this review, we will discuss studies of the roles of VGF using transgenic mice and its relevance to pathologies in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.
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33
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Yelamanchi SD, Tyagi A, Mohanty V, Dutta P, Korbonits M, Chavan S, Advani J, Madugundu AK, Dey G, Datta KK, Rajyalakshmi M, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Chaturvedi A, Kumar A, Das AA, Ghosh D, Jogdand GM, Nair HH, Saini K, Panchal M, Sarvaiya MA, Mohanraj SS, Sengupta N, Saxena P, Subramani PA, Kumar P, Akkali R, Reshma SV, Santhosh RS, Rastogi S, Kumar S, Ghosh SK, Irlapati VK, Srinivasan A, Radotra BD, Mathur PP, Wong GW, Satishchandra P, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Bhansali A, Pandey A, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Prasad TSK. Proteomic Analysis of the Human Anterior Pituitary Gland. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 22:759-769. [PMID: 30571610 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary function is regulated by a complex system involving the hypothalamus and biological networks within the pituitary. Although the hormones secreted from the pituitary have been well studied, comprehensive analyses of the pituitary proteome are limited. Pituitary proteomics is a field of postgenomic research that is crucial to understand human health and pituitary diseases. In this context, we report here a systematic proteomic profiling of human anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) using high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A total of 2164 proteins were identified in this study, of which 105 proteins were identified for the first time compared with high-throughput proteomic-based studies from human pituitary glands. In addition, we identified 480 proteins with secretory potential and 187 N-terminally acetylated proteins. These are the first region-specific data that could serve as a vital resource for further investigations on the physiological role of the human anterior pituitary glands and the proteins secreted by them. We anticipate that the identification of previously unknown proteins in the present study will accelerate biomedical research to decipher their role in functioning of the human anterior pituitary gland and associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankur Tyagi
- 2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Varshasnata Mohanty
- 2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Márta Korbonits
- 4 Department of Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Chavan
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anil K Madugundu
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,6 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,7 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gourav Dey
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keshava K Datta
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - M Rajyalakshmi
- 8 Department of Biotechnology, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- 9 Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- 10 Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Apabrita Ayan Das
- 11 Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- 12 Protein Engineering and Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | | | - Haritha H Nair
- 13 Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- 14 Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Panchal
- 15 Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | | | - Soundappan S Mohanraj
- 17 Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nabonita Sengupta
- 18 Neuroinflammation Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Priti Saxena
- 14 Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- 20 Department of Biotechnology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Rakhil Akkali
- 21 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
| | | | | | - Sangita Rastogi
- 24 Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- 25 Proteomics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Susanta Kumar Ghosh
- 19 Department of Molecular Parasitology, National Institute of Malaria Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Anand Srinivasan
- 27 Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bishan Das Radotra
- 28 Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Premendu P Mathur
- 29 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - G William Wong
- 30 Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Aditi Chatterjee
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,5 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,6 Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.,7 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,32 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,33 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,34 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,35 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susarla K Shankar
- 36 Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,37 Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Neurobiology Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- 36 Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India.,37 Human Brain Tissue Repository, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Neurobiology Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- 1 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,2 Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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34
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Zhao Y, Zhang A, Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang R, Qian S. Genome-wide identification of brain miRNAs in response to high-intensity intermittent swimming training in Rattus norvegicus by deep sequencing. BMC Mol Biol 2019; 20:3. [PMID: 30646850 PMCID: PMC6334412 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-019-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise can improve brain function by altering brain gene expression. The expression mechanisms underlying the brain’s response to exercise still remain unknown. miRNAs as vital regulators of gene expression may be involved in regulation of brain genes in response to exercise. However, as yet, very little is known about exercise-responsive miRNAs in brain. Results We constructed two comparative small RNA libraries of rat brain from a high-intensity intermittent swimming training (HIST) group and a normal control (NC) group. Using deep sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we identified 2109 (1700 from HIST, 1691 from NC) known and 55 (50 from HIST, 28 from NC) novel candidate miRNAs. Among them, 34 miRNAs were identified as significantly differentially expressed in response to HIST, 16 were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated. The results showed that all members of mir-200 family were strongly up-regulated, implying mir-200 family may play very important roles in HIST response mechanisms of rat brain. A total of 955 potential target genes of these 34 exercise-responsive miRNAs were identified from rat genes. Most of them are directly involved in the development and regulatory function of brain or nerve. Many acknowledged exercise-responsive brain genes such as Bdnf, Igf-1, Vgf, Ngf c-Fos, and Ntf3 etc. could be targeted by exercise-responsive miRNAs. Moreover, qRT-PCR and SABC immunohistochemical analysis further confirm the reliability of the expression of miRNAs and their targets. Conclusions This study demonstrated that physical exercise could induce differential expression of rat brain miRNAs and 34 exercise-responsive miRNAs were identified in rat brain. Our results suggested that exercise-responsive miRNAs could play important roles in regulating gene expression of rat brain in response to exercise. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-019-0120-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China.
| | - Anmin Zhang
- College of Sports, Yantai University, Yantai, China. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Shuping Hu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan, China
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35
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Chen S, Jiang H, Hou Z, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Zhao F, Xu Z, Li Y, Mou X, Li L, Wang T, Zhao J, Han C, Sui Y, Wang M, Yang Z, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Li J, Shen X, Sun F, Chen Q, Yuan Y. Higher serum VGF protein levels discriminate bipolar depression from major depressive disorder. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:597-606. [PMID: 30575991 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Misdiagnosis between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BD) is quite common. Our previous study found significantly lower serum VGF (non-acronymic) in MDD patients. However, it is unclear whether same changes occur in BD patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum VGF levels in BD and MDD patients. General information, scores of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and fasting blood samples of all participants including 30 MDD patients, 20 BD patients, and 30 healthy controls (HC) were collected. Serum VGF levels were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze correlations between serum VGF levels and clinical information. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and likelihood ratios (LRs) were used to analyze the differential potential of serum VGF. Serum VGF levels were significantly lower in MDD patients but higher in BD patients compared with HC (both PTukey < 0.01). No correlation was found between serum VGF levels and any data of subjects. The optimal cutoff for serum VGF in discriminating BD patients from MDD patients was ≥1093.85 pg/ml (AUC = 0.990, sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95%). LRs further confirmed the differential efficiency of serum VGF in distinguishing BD and MDD patients with +LR of infinity and -LR of 0. The results suggest that serum VGF level changed significantly in MDD and BD patients and serum VGF may be an indicator for differentiating BD patients from MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fuying Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Mou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chongyang Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Sui
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Xinhua Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, PR China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Taizhou, PR China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Jingjiang, Taizhou, PR China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.,Institute of Psychosomatics, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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Maejima S, Abe Y, Yamaguchi S, Musatov S, Ogawa S, Kondo Y, Tsukahara S. VGF in the Medial Preoptic Nucleus Increases Sexual Activity Following Sexual Arousal Induction in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3993-4005. [PMID: 30371765 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The central part of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) is associated with sexual arousal induction in male rats. However, it is largely unclear how males are sexually aroused and achieve their first copulation. We previously reported that more MPNc neurons activate during the first copulation than the second copulation. In this study, to explore the molecules responsible for sexual arousal induction, we performed DNA microarray of the MPNc in sexually naive males and males after they copulated for their first and second times. We then performed quantitative PCR analyses to validate the results of the DNA microarray. Six genes were identified. Their expression increased following copulation and was higher in males after they copulated for the first time than after the second time. The genes encode transcription factors (Fos, Nfil3, and Nr4a3), a serine/threonine kinase (Sik1), an antioxidant protein (Srxn1), and a neuropeptide precursor VGF (Vgf), which may be the candidate genes responsible for sexual arousal induction. We examined the effects of Vgf knockdown in the MPNc on sexual partner preference and sexual behavior in sexually inexperienced and experienced males to determine the role of VGF in sexual arousal induction. A preference for estrous female rats was reinforced, and the latency of mount and intromission became short after sexually inexperienced males copulated for the first time. However, Vgf knockdown disrupted these phenomena. Vgf knockdown did not have any significant effect in sexually experienced males. VGF-derived neuropeptides presumably serve as an effector molecule to increase sexual activity following sexual arousal induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Maejima
- Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuta Abe
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sergei Musatov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sonoko Ogawa
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kondo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Area of Life-NanoBio, Division of Strategy Research, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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37
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Turolla EA, Valtorta S, Bresciani E, Fehrentz JA, Giuliano L, Stucchi S, Belloli S, Rainone P, Sudati F, Rizzi L, Molteni L, Verdiè P, Martinez J, Torsello A, Moresco RM, Todde S. Study of the Tissue Distribution of TLQP-21 in Mice Using [ 18F]JMV5763, a Radiolabeled Analog Prepared via [ 18F]Aluminum Fluoride Chelation Chemistry. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1274. [PMID: 30542281 PMCID: PMC6277862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TLQP-21 is a neuropeptide that is involved in the control of several physiological functions, including energy homeostasis. Since TLQP-21 could oppose the early phase of diet-induced obesity, it has raised a huge interest, but very little is known about its mechanisms of action on peripheral tissues. Our aim was to investigate TLQP-21 distribution in brain and peripheral tissues after systemic administration using positron emission tomography. We report here the radiolabeling of NODA-methyl phenylacetic acid (MPAA) functionalized JMV5763, a short analog of TLQP-21, with [18F]aluminum fluoride. Labeling of JMV5763 was initially performed manually, on a small scale, and then optimized and implemented on a fully automated radiosynthesis system. In the first experiment, mice were injected in the tail vein with [18F]JMV5763, and central and peripheral tissues were collected 13, 30, and 60 min after injection. Significant uptake of [18F]JMV5763 was found in stomach, intestine, kidney, liver, and adrenal gland. In the CNS, very low uptake values were measured in all tested areas, suggesting that the tracer does not efficiently cross the blood–brain barrier. Pretreatment with non-radioactive JMV5763 caused a significant reduction of tracer uptake only in stomach and intestine. In the second experiment, PET analysis was performed in vivo 10–120 min after i.v. [18F]JMV5763 administration. Results were consistent with those of the ex vivo determinations. PET images showed a progressive increase of [18F]JMV5763 uptake in intestine and stomach reaching a peak at 30 min, and decreasing at 120 min. Our results demonstrate that 18F-labeling of TLQP-21 analogs is a suitable method to study its distribution in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia A Turolla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institute of Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, School of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Liliana Giuliano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Stucchi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Doctorate School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sudati
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal Verdiè
- Institute of Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, School of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institute of Biomolécules Max Mousseron, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, School of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Todde
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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38
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Jiang C, Lin WJ, Salton SR. Role of a VGF/BDNF/TrkB Autoregulatory Feedback Loop in Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Efficacy. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 68:504-509. [PMID: 30022437 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the neurotrophin family and in particular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulate the response to rapid- and slow-acting chemical antidepressants and voluntary exercise. Recent work suggests that rapid-acting antidepressants that modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) signaling (e.g., ketamine and GLYX-13) require expression of VGF (non-acronymic), the BDNF-inducible secreted neuronal protein and peptide precursor, for efficacy. In addition, the VGF-derived C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 (named by its 4 N-terminal amino acids and length) has antidepressant efficacy following icv or intra-hippocampal administration, in the forced swim test (FST). Similar to ketamine, the rapid antidepressant actions of TLQP-62 require BDNF expression, mTOR activation (rapamycin-sensitive), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor activation (NBQX-sensitive) and are associated with GluR1 insertion. We review recent findings that identify a rapidly induced autoregulatory feedback loop, which likely plays a critical role in sustained efficacy of rapid-acting antidepressants, depression-like behavior, and cognition, and requires VGF, its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62, BDNF/TrkB signaling, the mTOR pathway, and AMPA receptor activation and insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1639, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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39
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Stephens SB, Edwards RJ, Sadahiro M, Lin WJ, Jiang C, Salton SR, Newgard CB. The Prohormone VGF Regulates β Cell Function via Insulin Secretory Granule Biogenesis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:2480-2489. [PMID: 28877479 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prohormone VGF is expressed in neuroendocrine and endocrine tissues and regulates nutrient and energy status both centrally and peripherally. We and others have shown that VGF-derived peptides have direct action on the islet β cell as secretagogues and cytoprotective agents; however, the endogenous function of VGF in the β cell has not been described. Here, we demonstrate that VGF regulates secretory granule formation. VGF loss-of-function studies in both isolated islets and conditional knockout mice reveal a profound decrease in stimulus-coupled insulin secretion. Moreover, VGF is necessary to facilitate efficient exit of granule cargo from the trans-Golgi network and proinsulin processing. It also functions to replenish insulin granule stores following nutrient stimulation. Our data support a model in which VGF operates at a critical node of granule biogenesis in the islet β cell to coordinate insulin biosynthesis with β cell secretory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Stephens
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA.
| | - Robert J Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA
| | - Masato Sadahiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, USA
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40
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Mul JD. Voluntary exercise and depression-like behavior in rodents: are we running in the right direction? J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R77-R95. [PMID: 29330149 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposure to stress can increase the risk to develop major depressive disorder, a severe, recurrent and common psychiatric condition. Depression places an enormous social and financial burden on modern society. Although many depressed patients are treated with antidepressants, their efficacy is only modest, underscoring the necessity to develop clinically effective pharmaceutical or behavioral treatments. Exercise training produces beneficial effects on stress-related mental disorders, indicative of clinical potential. The pro-resilient and antidepressant effects of exercise training have been documented for several decades. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the brain circuitries involved remain poorly understood. Preclinical investigations using voluntary wheel running, a frequently used rodent model that mimics aspects of human exercise training, have started to shed light on the molecular adaptations, signaling pathways and brain nuclei underlying the beneficial effects of exercise training on stress-related behavior. In this review, I highlight several neurotransmitter systems that are putative mediators of the beneficial effects of exercise training on mental health, and review recent rodent studies that utilized voluntary wheel running to promote our understanding of exercise training-induced central adaptations. Advancements in our mechanistic understanding of how exercise training induces beneficial neuronal adaptations will provide a framework for the development of new strategies to treat stress-associated mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram D Mul
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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41
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Li W, Webster KA, LeBlanc ME, Tian H. Secretogranin III: a diabetic retinopathy-selective angiogenic factor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:635-647. [PMID: 28856381 PMCID: PMC5771826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Secretogranin III (Scg3) is a member of the granin protein family that regulates the biogenesis of secretory granules. Scg3 was recently discovered as an angiogenic factor, expanding its functional role to extrinsic regulation. Unlike many other known angiogenic factors, the pro-angiogenic actions of Scg3 are restricted to pathological conditions. Among thousands of quantified endothelial ligands, Scg3 has the highest binding activity ratio to diabetic vs. healthy mouse retinas and lowest background binding to normal vessels. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor binds to and stimulates angiogenesis of both diabetic and control vasculature. Consistent with its role in pathological angiogenesis, Scg3-neutralizing antibodies alleviate retinal vascular leakage in mouse models of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Scg3 as a regulatory protein of secretory granules, highlights its new role as a highly disease-selective angiogenic factor, and envisions Scg3 inhibitors as "selective angiogenesis blockers" for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Keith A Webster
- Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michelle E LeBlanc
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Everglades Biopharma, Miami, FL, 33156, USA
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42
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Gezelius H, Moreno-Juan V, Mezzera C, Thakurela S, Rodríguez-Malmierca LM, Pistolic J, Benes V, Tiwari VK, López-Bendito G. Genetic Labeling of Nuclei-Specific Thalamocortical Neurons Reveals Putative Sensory-Modality Specific Genes. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:5054-5069. [PMID: 27655933 PMCID: PMC7610997 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamus is a central brain structure with topographically ordered long-range axonal projections that convey sensory information to the cortex via distinct nuclei. Although there is an increasing knowledge about genes important for thalamocortical (TC) development, the identification of genetic landmarks of the distinct thalamic nuclei during the embryonic development has not been addressed systematically. Indeed, a more comprehensive understanding of how the axons from the individual nuclei find their way and connect to their corresponding cortical area is called for. Here, we used a genetic dual labeling strategy in mice to purify distinct principal sensory thalamic neurons. Subsequent genome-wide transcriptome profiling revealed genes specifically expressed in each nucleus during embryonic development. Analysis of regulatory regions of the identified genes revealed key transcription factors and networks that likely underlie the specification of individual sensory-modality TC connections. Finally, the importance of correct axon targeting for the specific sensory-modality population transcriptome was evidenced in a Sema6A mutant, in which visual TC axons are derailed at embryonic life. In sum, our data determined the developmental transcriptional profile of the TC neurons that will eventually support sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Gezelius
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - Verónica Moreno-Juan
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | - Cecilia Mezzera
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Spain
- Present address: Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Rodríguez-Malmierca
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Spain
| | | | - Vladimir Benes
- EMBL, GeneCore, Meyerhofstr. 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay K. Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Guillermina López-Bendito
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), Sant Joan d’Alacant, 03550, Spain
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43
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Michel L, Reygagne P, Benech P, Jean-Louis F, Scalvino S, Ly Ka So S, Hamidou Z, Bianovici S, Pouch J, Ducos B, Bonnet M, Bensussan A, Patatian A, Lati E, Wdzieczak-Bakala J, Choulot JC, Loing E, Hocquaux M. Study of gene expression alteration in male androgenetic alopecia: evidence of predominant molecular signalling pathways. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1322-1336. [PMID: 28403520 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men. It is characterized by a distinct pattern of progressive hair loss starting from the frontal area and the vertex of the scalp. Although several genetic risk loci have been identified, relevant genes for AGA remain to be defined. OBJECTIVES To identify biomarkers associated with AGA. METHODS Molecular biomarkers associated with premature AGA were identified through gene expression analysis using cDNA generated from scalp vertex biopsies of hairless or bald men with premature AGA, and healthy volunteers. RESULTS This monocentric study reveals that genes encoding mast cell granule enzymes, inflammatory mediators and immunoglobulin-associated immune mediators were significantly overexpressed in AGA. In contrast, underexpressed genes appear to be associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor-β signalling pathways. Although involvement of these pathways in hair follicle regeneration is well described, functional interpretation of the transcriptomic data highlights different events that account for their inhibition. In particular, one of these events depends on the dysregulated expression of proopiomelanocortin, as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In addition, lower expression of CYP27B1 in patients with AGA supports the notion that changes in vitamin D metabolism contributes to hair loss. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling evidence for distinct molecular events contributing to alopecia that may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michel
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Reygagne
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - P Benech
- NICN UMR 7259 CNRS Faculté de Médecine, 13344, Marseille, France.,GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - F Jean-Louis
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - S Scalvino
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | - S Ly Ka So
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - Z Hamidou
- Centre Sabouraud, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - J Pouch
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - B Ducos
- Plateforme de qPCR à Haut Débit Genomic Paris Centre, IBENS, 75005, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - M Bonnet
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France
| | - A Bensussan
- Inserm UMR976, Skin Research Institute, F-75475, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475, Paris, France
| | | | - E Lati
- GENEX, 91160, Longjumeau, France.,Laboratoire BIO-EC, 91160, Longjumeau, France
| | | | | | - E Loing
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
| | - M Hocquaux
- IEB-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, 31520, Ramonville, France
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44
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Jiang C, Lin WJ, Sadahiro M, Shin AC, Buettner C, Salton SR. Embryonic ablation of neuronal VGF increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight. Neuropeptides 2017; 64:75-83. [PMID: 28024880 PMCID: PMC5478485 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Germline ablation of VGF, a secreted neuronal, neuroendocrine, and endocrine peptide precursor, results in lean, hypermetabolic, and infertile adult mice that are resistant to diet-, lesion-, and genetically-induced obesity and diabetes (Hahm et al., 1999, 2002). To assess whether this phenotype is predominantly driven by reduced VGF expression in developing and/or adult neurons, or in peripheral endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues, we generated and analyzed conditional VGF knockout mice, obtained by mating loxP-flanked (floxed) Vgf mice with either pan-neuronal Synapsin-Cre- or forebrain alpha-CaMKII-Cre-recombinase-expressing transgenic mice. Adult male and female mice, with conditional ablation of the Vgf gene in embryonic neurons had significantly reduced body weight, increased energy expenditure, and were resistant to diet-induced obesity. Conditional forebrain postnatal ablation of VGF in male mice, primarily in adult excitatory neurons, had no measurable effect on body weight nor on energy expenditure, but led to a modest increase in adiposity, partially overlapping the effect of AAV-Cre-mediated targeted ablation of VGF in the adult ventromedial hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus of floxed Vgf mice (Foglesong et al., 2016), and also consistent with results of icv delivery of the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21 to adult mice, which resulted in increased energy expenditure and reduced adiposity (Bartolomucci et al., 2006). Because the lean, hypermetabolic phenotype of germline VGF knockout mice is to a great extent recapitulated in Syn-Cre+/-,Vgfflpflox/flpflox mice, we conclude that the metabolic profile of germline VGF knockout mice is largely the result of VGF ablation in embryonic CNS neurons, rather than peripheral endocrine and/or neuroendocrine cells, and that in forebrain structures such as hypothalamus, VGF and/or VGF-derived peptides play uniquely different roles in the developing and adult nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Masato Sadahiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | - Stephen R Salton
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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45
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Mizoguchi T, Minakuchi H, Ishisaka M, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Behavioral abnormalities with disruption of brain structure in mice overexpressing VGF. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4691. [PMID: 28680036 PMCID: PMC5498671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF) is a neuropeptide induced by nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This peptide is involved in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neurite growth in the brain. Patients with depression and bipolar disorder have lower-than-normal levels of VGF, whereas patients with schizophrenia and other cohorts of patients with depression have higher-than-normal levels. VGF knockout mice display behavioral abnormalities such as higher depressive behavior and memory dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether upregulation of VGF affects brain function. In the present study, we generated mice that overexpress VGF and investigated several behavioral phenotypes and the brain structure. These adult VGF-overexpressing mice showed (a) hyperactivity, working memory impairment, a higher depressive state, and lower sociality compared with wild-type mice; (b) lower brain weight without a change in body weight; (c) increased lateral ventricle volume compared with wild-type mice; and (d) striatal morphological defects. These results suggest that VGF may modulate a variety of behaviors and brain development. This transgenic mouse line may provide a useful model for research on mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mizoguchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Minakuchi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsue Ishisaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Noli B, Sanna F, Brancia C, D'Amato F, Manconi B, Vincenzoni F, Messana I, Melis MR, Argiolas A, Ferri GL, Cocco C. Profiles of VGF Peptides in the Rat Brain and Their Modulations after Phencyclidine Treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28626390 PMCID: PMC5454051 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
From the VGF precursor protein originate several low molecular weight peptides, whose distribution in the brain and blood circulation is not entirely known. Among the VGF peptides, those containing the N-terminus portion were altered in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and hypothalamus of schizophrenia patients. "Hence, we aimed to better investigate the involvement of the VGF peptides in schizophrenia by studying their localization in the brain regions relevant for the disease, and revealing their possible modulations in response to certain neuronal alterations occurring in schizophrenia". We produced antibodies against different VGF peptides encompassing the N-terminus, but also C-terminus-, TLQP-, GGGE- peptide sequences, and the so named NERP-3 and -4. These antibodies were used to carry out specific ELISA and immunolocalization studies while mass spectrometry (MS) analysis was also performed to recognize the intact brain VGF fragments. We used a schizophrenia rat model, in which alterations in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response occurred after PCP treatment. In normal rats, all the VGF peptides studied were distributed in the brain areas examined including hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, accumbens and amygdaloid nuclei and also in the plasma. By liquid chromatography-high resolution mass, we identified different intact VGF peptide fragments, including those encompassing the N-terminus and the NERPs. PCP treatment caused behavioral changes that closely mimic schizophrenia, estimated by us as a disruption of PPI of the acoustic startle response. The PCP treatment also induced selective changes in the VGF peptide levels within certain brain areas. Indeed, an increase in VGF C-terminus and TLQP peptides was revealed in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01) where they were localized within parvoalbumin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing neurons, respectively. Conversely, in the nucleus accumbens, PCP treatment produced a down-regulation in the levels of VGF C-terminus-, N-terminus- and GGGE- peptides (p < 0.01), expressed in GABAergic- (C-terminus/GGGE) and somatostatin- (N-terminus) neurons. These results confirm that VGF peptides are widely distributed in the brain and modulated in specific areas involved in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Noli
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Carla Brancia
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Filomena D'Amato
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Institute of Chemistry of the Molecular Recognition, National Research Council (CNR)Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R Melis
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Argiolas
- Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Gian-Luca Ferri
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
| | - Cristina Cocco
- Neuro-Endocrine-Fluorecence (NEF) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CagliariMonserrato, Italy
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Hwang W, Chiu YF, Kuo MH, Lee KL, Lee AC, Yu CC, Chang JL, Huang WC, Hsiao SH, Lin SE, Chou YT. Expression of Neuroendocrine Factor VGF in Lung Cancer Cells Confers Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors and Triggers Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3013-3026. [PMID: 28381546 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in EGFR drive tumor growth but render tumor cells sensitive to treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Phenotypic alteration in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to the TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. However, the mechanism underlying this resistance remains unclear. Here we report that high expression of a neuroendocrine factor termed VGF induces the transcription factor TWIST1 to facilitate TKI resistance, EMT, and cancer dissemination in a subset of lung adenocarcinoma cells. VGF silencing resensitized EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells to TKI. Conversely, overexpression of VGF in sensitive cells conferred resistance to TKIs and induced EMT, increasing migratory and invasive behaviors. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association of VGF expression with advanced tumor grade and poor survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In a mouse xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma, suppressing VGF expression was sufficient to attenuate tumor growth. Overall, our findings show how VGF can confer TKI resistance and trigger EMT, suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3013-26. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hwang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Chun Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cherng Yu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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NERP-2 regulates gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying via the orexin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:409-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Neuropeptide VGF Promotes Maturation of Hippocampal Dendrites That Is Reduced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030612. [PMID: 28287464 PMCID: PMC5372628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide VGF (non-acronymic) is induced by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as synaptic activity. However, morphological changes induced by VGF have not been elucidated. Developing hippocampal neurons were exposed to VGF through bath application or virus-mediated expression in vitro. VGF-derived peptide, TLQP-62, enhanced dendritic branching, and outgrowth. Furthermore, VGF increased dendritic spine density and the proportion of immature spines. Spine formation was associated with increased synaptic protein expression and co-localization of pre- and postsynaptic markers. Three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected in human VGF gene. Transfection of N2a cells with plasmids containing these SNPs revealed no relative change in protein expression levels and normal protein size, except for a truncated protein from the premature stop codon, E525X. All three SNPs resulted in a lower proportion of N2a cells bearing neurites relative to wild-type VGF. Furthermore, all three mutations reduced the total length of dendrites in developing hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results suggest VGF enhances dendritic maturation and that these effects can be altered by common mutations in the VGF gene. The findings may have implications for people suffering from psychiatric disease or other conditions who may have altered VGF levels.
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Hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in the Siberian hamster increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight gain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172724. [PMID: 28235047 PMCID: PMC5325529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
VGF (non-acronymic) was first highlighted to have a role in energy homeostasis through experiments involving dietary manipulation in mice. Fasting increased VGF mRNA in the Arc and levels were subsequently reduced upon refeeding. This anabolic role for VGF was supported by observations in a VGF null (VGF-/-) mouse and in the diet-induced and gold-thioglucose obese mice. However, this anabolic role for VGF has not been supported by a number of subsequent studies investigating the physiological effects of VGF-derived peptides. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of TLQP-21 increased resting energy expenditure and rectal temperature in mice and protected against diet-induced obesity. Similarly, ICV infusion of TLQP-21 into Siberian hamsters significantly reduced body weight, but this was due to a decrease in food intake, with no effect on energy expenditure. Subsequently NERP-2 was shown to increase food intake in rats via the orexin system, suggesting opposing roles for these VGF-derived peptides. Thus to further elucidate the role of hypothalamic VGF in the regulation of energy homeostasis we utilised a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector to over-express VGF in adult male Siberian hamsters, thus avoiding any developmental effects or associated functional compensation. Initially, hypothalamic over-expression of VGF in adult Siberian hamsters produced no effect on metabolic parameters, but by 12 weeks post-infusion hamsters had increased oxygen consumption and a tendency to increased carbon dioxide production; this attenuated body weight gain, reduced interscapular white adipose tissue and resulted in a compensatory increase in food intake. These observed changes in energy expenditure and food intake were associated with an increase in the hypothalamic contents of the VGF-derived peptides AQEE, TLQP and NERP-2. The complex phenotype of the VGF-/- mice is a likely consequence of global ablation of the gene and its derived peptides during development, as well as in the adult.
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