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Singleton SP, Velidi P, Schilling L, Luppi AI, Jamison K, Parkes L, Kuceyeski A. Altered structural connectivity and functional brain dynamics in individuals with heavy alcohol use elucidated via network control theory. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00139-3. [PMID: 38839036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol use (HAU) and its associated conditions, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD), impact millions of individuals worldwide. While our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of alcohol use has evolved substantially, we still lack models incorporating whole-brain neuroanatomical, functional, and pharmacological information under one framework. METHODS Here, we utilize diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations to brain dynamics in N = 130 individuals with a high amount of current alcohol use. We compared these alcohol using individuals to N = 308 individuals with minimal use of any substances. RESULTS We find that individuals with HAU had less dynamic and complex brain activity, and through leveraging network control theory, had increased control energy to complete transitions between activation states. Further, using separately acquired positron emission tomography (PET) data, we deploy an in silico evaluation demonstrating that decreased D2 receptor levels, as found previously in individuals with AUD, may relate to our observed findings. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that whole-brain, multimodal imaging information can be combined under a network control framework to identify and evaluate neurobiological correlates and mechanisms of heavy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parker Singleton
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A..
| | - Puneet Velidi
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A
| | - Louisa Schilling
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Andrea I Luppi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, CA
| | - Keith Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Söderpalm B, Ericson M. Alcohol and the dopamine system. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:21-73. [PMID: 38555117 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine pathway plays a major role in drug reinforcement and is likely involved also in the development of drug addiction. Ethanol, like most addictive drugs, acutely activates the mesolimbic dopamine system and releases dopamine, and ethanol-associated stimuli also appear to trigger dopamine release. In addition, chronic exposure to ethanol reduces the baseline function of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol´s interaction with this system remain, however, to be unveiled. Here research on the actions of ethanol in the mesolimbic dopamine system, focusing on the involvement of cystein-loop ligand-gated ion channels, opiate receptors, gastric peptides and acetaldehyde is briefly reviewed. In summary, a great complexity as regards ethanol´s mechanism(s) of action along the mesolimbic dopamine system has been revealed. Consequently, several new targets and possibilities for pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Singleton SP, Velidi P, Schilling L, Luppi AI, Jamison K, Parkes L, Kuceyeski A. Altered structural connectivity and functional brain dynamics in individuals with heavy alcohol use. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568762. [PMID: 38077021 PMCID: PMC10705230 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol use and its associated conditions, such as alcohol use disorder (AUD), impact millions of individuals worldwide. While our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of AUD has evolved substantially, we still lack models incorporating whole-brain neuroanatomical, functional, and pharmacological information under one framework. Here, we utilize diffusion and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations to brain dynamics in N = 130 individuals with a high amount of current alcohol use. We compared these alcohol using individuals to N = 308 individuals with minimal use of any substances. We find that individuals with heavy alcohol use had less dynamic and complex brain activity, and through leveraging network control theory, had increased control energy to complete transitions between activation states. Further, using separately acquired positron emission tomography (PET) data, we deploy an in silico evaluation demonstrating that decreased D2 receptor levels, as found previously in individuals with AUD, may relate to our observed findings. This work demonstrates that whole-brain, multimodal imaging information can be combined under a network control framework to identify and evaluate neurobiological correlates and mechanisms of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parker Singleton
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Puneet Velidi
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A
| | - Louisa Schilling
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill Univeristy, Montreal, CA
| | - Andrea I Luppi
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Keith Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, U.S.A
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Pati D, Lee SI, Conley SY, Sides T, Boyt KM, Hunker AC, Zweifel LS, Kash TL. Dopamine D2 receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate alcohol-related behaviors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544820. [PMID: 37398115 PMCID: PMC10312666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopamine (DA) system is a hallmark of substance abuse disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Of the DA receptor subtypes, the DA D2 receptors (D2Rs) play a key role in the reinforcing effects of alcohol. D2Rs are expressed in numerous brain regions associated with the regulation of appetitive behaviors. One such region is the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), which has been linked to the development and maintenance of AUD. Recently, we identified alcohol withdrawal-related neuroadaptations in the periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe to BNST DA circuit in male mice. However, the role of D2R-expressing BNST neurons in voluntary alcohol consumption is not well characterized. In this study, we used a CRISPR-Cas9-based viral approach, to selectively reduce the expression of D2Rs in BNST VGAT neurons and interrogated the impact of BNST D2Rs in alcohol-related behaviors. In male mice, reduced D2R expression potentiated the stimulatory effects of alcohol and increased voluntary consumption of 20% w/v alcohol in a two-bottle choice intermittent access paradigm. This effect was not specific to alcohol, as D2R deletion also increased sucrose intake in male mice. Interestingly, cell-specific deletion of BNST D2Rs in female mice did not alter alcohol-related behaviors but lowered the threshold for mechanical pain sensitivity. Collectively, our findings suggest a role for postsynaptic BNST D2Rs in the modulation of sex-specific behavioral responses to alcohol and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Pati
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I. Lee
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sara Y. Conley
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tori Sides
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen M. Boyt
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Avery C. Hunker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larry S. Zweifel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas L. Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Jangard S, Jayaram-Lindström N, Isacsson NH, Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Franck J, Borg J, Farde L, Cervenka S. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability as a predictor of subsequent alcohol use in social drinkers. Addiction 2023; 118:1053-1061. [PMID: 36710462 DOI: 10.1111/add.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whereas striatal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability has shown to be altered in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and in healthy individuals with a family history of AUD, the role of D2R in the development of AUD is unknown. In this positron emission tomography (PET) study, we measured whether D2R availability is associated with subsequent alcohol use and alcohol-related factors, at a follow-up 8 to 16 years post-PET scan, in social drinkers. DESIGN Longitudinal study investigating the association between PET data and later self-report measures in healthy individuals. SETTING Academic research imaging centre in Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS There were 71 individuals (68 of whom had evaluable PET data, 5 females, 42.0 years mean age) from a series of previous PET studies. MEASUREMENTS One PET examination with the D2R antagonist radioligand [11 C]raclopride at baseline and self-report measures assessing alcohol use, drug use, impulsivity, reward sensitivity and family history of alcohol or substance use disorder at follow-up. FINDINGS We found no evidence for an association between D2R availability and later alcohol use (B = -0.019, B 95% CI = -0.043 to -0.006, P = 0.147) nor for the majority of the alcohol-related factors (B 95% CI = -0.034 to 0.004, P = 0.273-0.288). A negative association with a small effect size was found between D2R availability and later impulsivity (B = -0.017, B 95% CI = -0.034 to -0.001, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Low striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability may not be a strong predictor in the development of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jangard
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Hentati Isacsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville James Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Franck
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Barnett WH, Kuznetsov A, Lapish CC. Distinct cortico-striatal compartments drive competition between adaptive and automatized behavior. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279841. [PMID: 36943842 PMCID: PMC10030038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical and basal ganglia circuits play a crucial role in the formation of goal-directed and habitual behaviors. In this study, we investigate the cortico-striatal circuitry involved in learning and the role of this circuitry in the emergence of inflexible behaviors such as those observed in addiction. Specifically, we develop a computational model of cortico-striatal interactions that performs concurrent goal-directed and habit learning. The model accomplishes this by distinguishing learning processes in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) that rely on reward prediction error signals as distinct from the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) where learning is supported by salience signals. These striatal subregions each operate on unique cortical input: the DMS receives input from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) which represents outcomes, and the DLS receives input from the premotor cortex which determines action selection. Following an initial learning of a two-alternative forced choice task, we subjected the model to reversal learning, reward devaluation, and learning a punished outcome. Behavior driven by stimulus-response associations in the DLS resisted goal-directed learning of new reward feedback rules despite devaluation or punishment, indicating the expression of habit. We repeated these simulations after the impairment of executive control, which was implemented as poor outcome representation in the PFC. The degraded executive control reduced the efficacy of goal-directed learning, and stimulus-response associations in the DLS were even more resistant to the learning of new reward feedback rules. In summary, this model describes how circuits of the dorsal striatum are dynamically engaged to control behavior and how the impairment of executive control by the PFC enhances inflexible behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Barnett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alexey Kuznetsov
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Lapish
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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7
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Bağci B, Düsmez S, Zorlu N, Bahtiyar G, Isikli S, Bayrakci A, Heinz A, Schad DJ, Sebold M. Computational analysis of probabilistic reversal learning deficits in male subjects with alcohol use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960238. [PMID: 36339830 PMCID: PMC9626515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is characterized by perseverative alcohol use despite negative consequences. This hallmark feature of addiction potentially relates to impairments in behavioral flexibility, which can be measured by probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) paradigms. We here aimed to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying impaired PRL task performance in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUDP) using computational models of reinforcement learning. METHODS Twenty-eight early abstinent AUDP and 27 healthy controls (HC) performed an extensive PRL paradigm. We compared conventional behavioral variables of choices (perseveration; correct responses) between groups. Moreover, we fitted Bayesian computational models to the task data to compare differences in latent cognitive variables including reward and punishment learning and choice consistency between groups. RESULTS AUDP and HC did not significantly differ with regard to direct perseveration rates after reversals. However, AUDP made overall less correct responses and specifically showed decreased win-stay behavior compared to HC. Interestingly, AUDP showed premature switching after no or little negative feedback but elevated proneness to stay when accumulation of negative feedback would make switching a more optimal option. Computational modeling revealed that AUDP compared to HC showed enhanced learning from punishment, a tendency to learn less from positive feedback and lower choice consistency. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the assumption that AUDP are characterized by increased perseveration behavior. Instead our findings provide evidence that enhanced negative reinforcement and decreased non-drug-related reward learning as well as diminished choice consistency underlie dysfunctional choice behavior in AUDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Bağci
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Selin Düsmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Midyat State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Bahtiyar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bingöl State Hospital, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Serhan Isikli
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Adem Bayrakci
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Schad
- Department of Psychology, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chukwueke CC, Nona CN, McPhee MD, Mansouri E, Rubin-Kahana DS, Martinez D, Boileau I, Hendershot CS, Le Foll B. Exploring regulation and function of dopamine D3 receptors in alcohol use disorder. A PET [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2112-2120. [PMID: 34349232 PMCID: PMC8336665 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies support an important role of dopamine D3 receptors (DRD3s) in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In animals, voluntary alcohol consumption increases DRD3 expression, and pharmacological blockade of DRD3s attenuates alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking. However, these findings have yet to be translated in humans. This study used positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]-(+)-PHNO to compare receptor levels in several dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and DRD3 regions of interest between AUD subjects in early abstinence (n = 17; 6.59 ± 4.14 days of abstinence) and healthy controls (n = 18). We recruited non-treatment seeking subjects meeting DSM-5 criteria for AUD. We examined the relationship between DRD2/3 levels and both alcohol craving and alcohol motivation/wanting, using a cue reactivity procedure and an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IVASA) paradigm, respectively. [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding levels in AUD subjects were significantly lower than binding in HCs when looking at all DRD2/3 ROIs jointly (Wilk's Λ = .58, F(6,28) =3.33, p = 0.013, η2p = 0.42), however there were no region-specific differences. Binding values demonstrate -12.3% and -16.1% lower [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SMST and SN respectively, though these differences did not withstand Bonferroni corrections. There was a positive association between [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SN (almost exclusively reflective of DRD3) and alpha (lower values reflect higher alcohol demand) in the APT after Bonferroni corrections (r = 0.66, p = 0.0080). This demonstrates that AUD subjects with lower DRD3 levels in the SN exhibit increased demand for alcohol. These results replicate previous findings demonstrating reduced DRD2/3 levels while also supporting a lack of DRD3 upregulation and potential downregulation in early abstinent AUD. Furthermore, the finding that binding in the SN is associated with alcohol demand warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidera C. Chukwueke
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christina N. Nona
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Matthew D. McPhee
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diana Martinez
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S. Hendershot
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Salinas AG, Mateo Y, Carlson VCC, Stinnett GS, Luo G, Seasholtz AF, Grant KA, Lovinger DM. Long-term alcohol consumption alters dorsal striatal dopamine release and regulation by D2 dopamine receptors in rhesus macaques. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1432-1441. [PMID: 33452430 PMCID: PMC8209056 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum (DS) is implicated in behavioral and neural processes including action control and reinforcement. Alcohol alters these processes in rodents, and it is believed that the development of alcohol use disorder involves changes in DS dopamine signaling. In nonhuman primates, the DS can be divided into caudate and putamen subregions. As part of a collaborative effort examining the effects of long-term alcohol self-administration in rhesus macaques, we examined DS dopamine signaling using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. We found that chronic alcohol self-administration resulted in several dopamine system adaptations. Most notably, dopamine release was altered in a sex- and region-dependent manner. Following long-term alcohol consumption, male macaques, regardless of abstinence status, had reduced dopamine release in putamen, while only male macaques in abstinence had reduced dopamine release in caudate. In contrast, female macaques had enhanced dopamine release in the caudate, but not putamen. Dopamine uptake was also enhanced in females, but not males (regardless of abstinence state). We also found that dopamine D2/3 autoreceptor function was reduced in male, but not female, alcohol drinkers relative to control groups. Finally, we found that blockade of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors inhibited evoked dopamine release in nonhuman primates. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that long-term alcohol consumption can sex-dependently alter dopamine release, as well as its feedback control mechanisms in both DS subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando G. Salinas
- grid.22448.380000 0004 1936 8032Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Yolanda Mateo
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Verginia C. Cuzon Carlson
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Gwen S. Stinnett
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Guoxiang Luo
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Audrey F. Seasholtz
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kathleen A. Grant
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - David M. Lovinger
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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10
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Gleich T, Spitta G, Butler O, Zacharias K, Aydin S, Sebold M, Garbusow M, Rapp M, Schubert F, Buchert R, Heinz A, Gallinat J. Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk: Towards a dimensional approach. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12915. [PMID: 32500613 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying 18 F-fallypride positron emission tomography (18 F-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Gianna Spitta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Oisin Butler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology Berlin Germany
| | - Kristin Zacharias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Semiha Aydin
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Berlin Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology Berlin Germany
| | | | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
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11
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Sundar M, Patel D, Young Z, Leong KC. Oxytocin and Addiction: Potential Glutamatergic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052405. [PMID: 33673694 PMCID: PMC7957657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, oxytocin (OXT) has been investigated for its potential therapeutic role in addiction. OXT has been found to diminish various drug-seeking and drug-induced behaviors. Although its behavioral effects are well-established, there is not much consensus on how this neuropeptide exerts its effects. Previous research has given thought to how dopamine (DA) may be involved in oxytocinergic mechanisms, but there has not been as strong of a focus on the role that glutamate (Glu) has. The glutamatergic system is critical for the processing of rewards and the disruption of glutamatergic projections produces the behaviors seen in drug addicts. We introduce the idea that OXT has direct effects on Glu transmission within the reward processing pathway. Thus, OXT may reduce addictive behaviors by restoring abnormal drug-induced changes in the glutamatergic system and in its interactions with other neurotransmitters. This review offers insight into the mechanisms through which a potentially viable therapeutic target, OXT, could be used to reduce addiction-related behaviors.
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12
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Alcohol. Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816793-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Paiva IM, de Carvalho LM, Di Chiaccio IM, Lima Assis ID, Naranjo ES, Bernabé MG, Ferreira FNA, Cayuela ML, Murgas LDS, Brunialti Godard AL. Inhibition of Lrrk2 reduces ethanol preference in a model of acute exposure in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109885. [PMID: 32032698 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to its multifactorial and yet to be fully understood origin, ethanol addiction is a field that still requires studies for the elucidation of novel genes and pathways that potentially influence the establishment and maintenance of addiction-like phenotypes. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of the LRRK2 pathway in the modulation of ethanol preference behavior in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Using the behavioral Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm, we accessed the preference of animals for ethanol. Next, we evaluated the transcriptional regulation of the gene lrrk2 and the receptors drd1, drd2, grin1a, gria2a, and gabbr1b in the zebrafish brain. Additionally, we used a selective inhibitor of Lrrk2 (GNE-0877) to assess the role of this gene in the preference behavior. Our results revealed four distinct ethanol preference phenotypes (Light, Heavy, Negative Reinforcement, and Inflexible), each showing different transcriptional regulation patterns of the drd1, drd2, grin1a, gria2a, and gabbr1b receptors. We showed that the lrrk2 gene was hyperregulated only in the brains of the animals with the Inflexible phenotype. Most importantly, we showed, for the first time in the context of preference for ethanol, that treatment with the GNE-0877 inhibitor modulates the transcription of the target receptor genes and reduces the preference for ethanol in the animals of the Inflexible group. This result corroborates the hypothesis that the LRRK2 pathway is involved in the inflexible preference for ethanol behavior. Lastly, we identified a possible pharmacological target for the treatment of abusive preference behavior for ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Marques Paiva
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luana Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Di Chiaccio
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Lima Assis
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Elena Sánchez Naranjo
- Aging Cancer and Telomerase Laboratory, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Garcia Bernabé
- Aging Cancer and Telomerase Laboratory, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Felipe Norberto Alves Ferreira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Cayuela
- Aging Cancer and Telomerase Laboratory, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Biotério Central, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Brunialti Godard
- Laboratório de Genética Animal e Humana, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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14
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Behavioral plasticity and gene regulation in the brain during an intermittent ethanol exposure in adult zebrafish population. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 192:172909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Voon V, Grodin E, Mandali A, Morris L, Doñamayor N, Weidacker K, Kwako L, Goldman D, Koob GF, Momenan R. Addictions NeuroImaging Assessment (ANIA): Towards an integrative framework for alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:492-506. [PMID: 32298710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and addiction are major international public health issues. Addiction can be characterized as a disorder of aberrant neurocircuitry interacting with environmental, genetic and social factors. Neuroimaging in alcohol misuse can thus provide a critical window into underlying neural mechanisms, highlighting possible treatment targets and acting as clinical biomarkers for predicting risk and treatment outcomes. This neuroimaging review on alcohol misuse in humans follows the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) that proposes incorporating three functional neuroscience domains integral to the neurocircuitry of addiction: incentive salience and habits, negative emotional states, and executive function within the context of the addiction cycle. Here we review and integrate multiple imaging modalities focusing on underlying cognitive processes such as reward anticipation, negative emotionality, cue reactivity, impulsivity, compulsivity and executive function. We highlight limitations in the literature and propose a model forward in the use of neuroimaging as a tool to understanding underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applicability for phenotyping of heterogeneity and predicting risk and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Erica Grodin
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurel Morris
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Doñamayor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura Kwako
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
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16
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Wai JM, Grassetti A, Slifstein M, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Labaree D, Huang Y, Martinez D. Binge alcohol use is not associated with alterations in striatal dopamine receptor binding or dopamine release. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107627. [PMID: 31669800 PMCID: PMC6893096 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous imaging studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have shown that alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a decrease in dopamine type 2/3 receptor (D2/3) binding and dopamine transmission. Although binge drinking is a risk factor for future AUD, little is known about the neurobiology of binge drinking in young adults. This study measured D2/3 receptor binding and stimulant-induced dopamine release using PET and [11C]raclopride in binge drinkers without an AUD. METHODS This study included 14 healthy controls (HC) and 14 young adult binge drinkers (BD), aged 18-25. The BD met National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) criteria for binge drinking and the HC subjects were social drinkers. The subjects were scanned with [11C]raclopride before and after the administration of oral methylphenidate (60 mg) to measure D2/3 binding and dopamine release. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the PET measures of D2/3 binding or methylphenidate-induced dopamine release between the two groups. There was no significant association between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores or 30-day drinking history and the imaging data. CONCLUSION In this sample of 18-25-year-old binge drinkers without a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, there were no significant differences in D2/3 receptor binding potential or methylphenidate-induced dopamine release relative to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Wai
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA,Corresponding author. (J.M. Wai)
| | - Alexander Grassetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Labaree
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
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17
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Hansson AC, Gründer G, Hirth N, Noori HR, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. Dopamine and opioid systems adaptation in alcoholism revisited: Convergent evidence from positron emission tomography and postmortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:141-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Bocarsly ME, da Silva E Silva D, Kolb V, Luderman KD, Shashikiran S, Rubinstein M, Sibley DR, Dobbs LK, Alvarez VA. A Mechanism Linking Two Known Vulnerability Factors for Alcohol Abuse: Heightened Alcohol Stimulation and Low Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1147-1163.e5. [PMID: 31665630 PMCID: PMC6880649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol produces both stimulant and sedative effects in humans and rodents. In humans, alcohol abuse disorder is associated with a higher stimulant and lower sedative responses to alcohol. Here, we show that this association is conserved in mice and demonstrate a causal link with another liability factor: low expression of striatal dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs). Using transgenic mouse lines, we find that the selective loss of D2Rs on striatal medium spiny neurons enhances sensitivity to ethanol stimulation and generates resilience to ethanol sedation. These mice also display higher preference and escalation of ethanol drinking, which continues despite adverse outcomes. We find that striatal D1R activation is required for ethanol stimulation and that this signaling is enhanced in mice with low striatal D2Rs. These data demonstrate a link between two vulnerability factors for alcohol abuse and offer evidence for a mechanism in which low striatal D2Rs trigger D1R hypersensitivity, ultimately leading to compulsive-like drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Bocarsly
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIGMS, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vanessa Kolb
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sannidhi Shashikiran
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Rubinstein
- INGEBI, CONICET, and FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, NINDS, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren K Dobbs
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on the Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center on Compulsive Behaviors, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIDA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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19
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Bifone A, Gozzi A, Cippitelli A, Matzeu A, Domi E, Li H, Scuppa G, Cannella N, Ubaldi M, Weiss F, Ciccocioppo. phMRI, neurochemical and behavioral responses to psychostimulants distinguishing genetically selected alcohol-preferring from genetically heterogenous rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:981-993. [PMID: 30328656 PMCID: PMC6697752 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is often associated with other forms of drug abuse, suggesting that innate predisposing factors may confer vulnerability to addiction to diverse substances. However, the neurobiological bases of these factors remain unknown. Here, we have used a combination of imaging, neurochemistry and behavioral techniques to investigate responses to the psychostimulant amphetamine in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats, a model of vulnerability to alcoholism. Specifically, we employed pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural circuits engaged by amphetamine challenge, and to relate functional reactivity to neurochemical and behavioral responses. Moreover, we studied self-administration of cocaine in the msP rats. We found stronger functional responses in the extended amygdala, alongside with increased release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell and augmented vertical locomotor activity compared with controls. Wistar and msP rats did not differ in operant cocaine self-administration under short access (2 hours) conditions, but msP rats exhibited a higher propensity to escalate drug intake following long access (6 hours). Our findings suggest that neurobiological and genetic mechanisms that convey vulnerability to excessive alcohol drinking also facilitate the transition from psychostimulants use to abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bifone
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Gozzi
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Cippitelli
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - A Matzeu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - E Domi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - H Li
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - G Scuppa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - N Cannella
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - M Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - F Weiss
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ciccocioppo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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Fritz M, Klawonn AM, Zahr NM. Neuroimaging in alcohol use disorder: From mouse to man. J Neurosci Res 2019; 100:1140-1158. [PMID: 31006907 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of recent advances in understanding the effects of alcohol use disorders (AUD) on the brain from the perspective of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research in preclinical models and clinical studies. As a noninvasive investigational tool permitting assessment of morphological, metabolic, and hemodynamic changes over time, MRI offers insight into the dynamic course of alcoholism beginning with initial exposure through periods of binge drinking and escalation, sobriety, and relapse and has been useful in differential diagnosis of neurological diseases associated with AUD. Structural MRI has revealed acute and chronic effects of alcohol on both white and gray matter volumes. MR Spectroscopy, able to quantify brain metabolites in vivo, has shed light on biochemical alterations associated with alcoholism. Diffusion tensor imaging permits microstructural characterization of white matter fiber tracts. Functional MRI has allowed for elucidation of hemodynamic responses at rest and during task engagement. Positron emission tomography, a non-MRI imaging tool, has led to a deeper understanding of alcohol-induced receptor and neurotransmitter changes during various stages of drinking and abstinence. Together, such in vivo imaging tools have expanded our understanding of the dynamic course of alcoholism including evidence for regional specificity of the effects of AUD, hints at mechanisms underlying the shift from casual to compulsive use of alcohol, and profound recovery with sustained abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Anna M Klawonn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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Zehra A, Burns J, Liu CK, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2019; 17:169-182. [PMID: 32021587 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.17204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
(©Zehra A, Liuck, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND Wergh J, 2018. Reprinted with permission from Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (2018) 13:438-452).
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22
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Weinland C, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Body mass index and craving predict 24-month hospital readmissions of alcohol-dependent in-patients following withdrawal. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 90:300-307. [PMID: 30496769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Addictive alcohol drinking, craving, and overeating share common etiopathological mechanisms. We investigated whether body mass index (BMI) and craving predict outcome of alcohol-dependent in-patients. METHOD The prospective study included 101 male and 72 female early-abstinent alcohol-dependent in-patients. Craving was quantified by Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) scores. We documented alcohol-related readmissions over 24 months. RESULTS In males, a higher BMI was associated with alcohol-related hospital readmission (median 26.1 vs. 23.1 kg/m2, P = .007) and correlated with more (ρ = 0.286, P = .004) and earlier readmissions (ρ = -0.256, P = .010). These associations were stronger in the subgroup of active smokers (n = 79; median 25.9 vs. 22.3 kg/m2, P = .005; ρ = 0.350, P = .002; ρ = -0.340, P = .002). BMI did not significantly predict outcome in females. Males with at least one readmission reported higher OCDS scores than those without (OCDS-total, OCDS-obsessive, OCDS-compulsive, P < .040), and the OCDS scores correlated with more readmissions (males: OCDS-total, OCDS-obsessive, OCDS-compulsive, ρ > 0.244, P < .014; females: OCDS-compulsive, ρ = 0.341, P = .003) and fewer days to first readmission (males: OCDS-total, OCDS-compulsive, ρ < -0.195, P < .050; females: OCDS-compulsive, ρ = -0.335, P = .004). The OCDS scores explained 9 to 19% of the relationship between BMI and outcome in males. CONCLUSION BMI and craving are easily accessible outcome predictors of alcohol-related readmission following in-patient withdrawal treatment. They might be used to individualize relapse prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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Kamp F, Proebstl L, Penzel N, Adorjan K, Ilankovic A, Pogarell O, Koller G, Soyka M, Falkai P, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz J. Effects of sedative drug use on the dopamine system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:660-667. [PMID: 30188512 PMCID: PMC6372711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Use of alcohol, cannabis and opioids is highly prevalent and is associated with global disease burden and high economic costs. The exact pathophysiology of abuse or addiction associated with these sedative substances is not completely understood, but previous research implicates the important role of the striatal dopamine system in the addiction process. Multiple studies investigated changes in the striatal dopamine systems of users of sedative substances, but currently these results are very heterogeneous. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies investigating dopaminergic alterations in the striatum of users of alcohol, opioids or cannabis. Analyses for each substance were conducted separately for the availability of D2/D3 dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters and dopamine synthesis capacity. In total, 723 substance users and 752 healthy controls were included. The results indicated a significant lower striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in alcohol users compared to controls (g = 0.46) but no difference in dopamine transporter availability or dopamine synthesis capacity. Our analysis indicated that changes of dopamine receptors and transporters are moderated by the duration of abstinence. Comparing opioid users with controls revealed a significant lower D2/D3 receptor availability (g = 1.17) and a significantly lower transporter availability (g = 1.55) in opioid users. For cannabis users, there was no significant difference in receptor availability compared to controls and too few studies provided information on dopamine transporter availability or synthesis capacity. Our analysis provides strong evidence for a central role of the striatal dopamine system in use of alcohol or opioids. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of the dopamine system in cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Kamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lisa Proebstl
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrej Ilankovic
- 0000 0001 2166 9385grid.7149.bClinic of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabi Koller
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sebold M, Spitta G, Gleich T, Dembler-Stamm T, Butler O, Zacharias K, Aydin S, Garbusow M, Rapp M, Schubert F, Buchert R, Gallinat J, Heinz A. Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1127-1134. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reward activation in childhood predicts adolescent substance use initiation in a high-risk sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:318-325. [PMID: 30471583 PMCID: PMC6540995 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use at an early age conveys substantial risk for later substance-related problems. A better understanding of early risk factors could result in more timely and effective intervention. This study investigated the predictive utility of the brain's response to reward anticipation as a risk factor for early substance use initiation. METHODS Participants were 34 children (25 male) at high risk for alcohol and other substance use disorders from a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study, scanned at a mean age of 10.5 years (SD = 1.2) when participants were substance-naïve. We used a monetary incentive delay task to examine the hemodynamic response of the nucleus accumbens to gain and loss anticipation. Logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that these brain response patterns would have predictive utility over and above early externalizing behaviors and family history of substance use disorder, two key risk factors for substance use problems, in differentiating those who initiated substance use before age 16 (n = 18) and those who did not (n = 16). RESULTS Greater nucleus accumbens activation during monetary gain anticipation in childhood increased the likelihood of initiating substance use during early adolescence (p = .023). The model that comprised neural data in addition to early externalizing behaviors and family history showed significantly better fit than the model without neural data (χ22 = 7.38, p = .025). CONCLUSIONS Heightened gain anticipation activation in the nucleus accumbens may predispose individuals to early substance use, beyond the risk conveyed by other known factors.
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26
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Modelling Differential Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorder in Rodents: Neurobiological Mechanisms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 258:203-230. [PMID: 31707470 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of drug use within society, only a subset of individuals actively taking addictive drugs lose control over their intake and develop compulsive drug-seeking and intake that typifies substance use disorder (SUD). Although research in this field continues to be an important and dynamic discipline, the specific neuroadaptations that drive compulsive behaviour in humans addicted to drugs and the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie an individual's innate susceptibility to SUD remain surprisingly poorly understood. Nonetheless, it is clear from research within the clinical domain that some behavioural traits are recurrently co-expressed in individuals with SUD, thereby inviting the hypothesis that certain behavioural endophenotypes may be predictive, or at least act in some way, to modify an individual's probability for developing this disorder. The analysis of such endophenotypes and their catalytic relationship to the expression of addiction-related behaviours has been greatly augmented by experimental approaches in rodents that attempt to capture diagnostically relevant aspects of this progressive brain disorder. This work has evolved from an early focus on aberrant drug reinforcement mechanisms to a now much richer account of the putatively impaired cognitive control processes that ultimately determine individual trajectories to compulsive drug-related behaviours. In this chapter we discuss the utility of experimental approaches in rodents designed to elucidate the neurobiological and genetic underpinnings of so-called risk traits and how these innate vulnerabilities collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of SUD.
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Li H, Scuppa G, Shen Q, Masi A, Nasuti C, Cannella N, Ciccocioppo R. NOP Receptor Agonist Ro 64-6198 Decreases Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats Genetically Selected for Alcohol Preference. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 30984046 PMCID: PMC6450143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine dependence is a psychiatric condition for which effective medications are still lacking. Published data indicate that an increase in nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) transmission by NOP receptor activation attenuates cocaine-induced place conditioning and the locomotor sensitization effects of cocaine. This suggests that the activation of the N/OFQ receptor (NOP) may attenuate the motivation for psychostimulants. To further explore this possibility, we investigated the effect of the potent and selective NOP receptor agonist Ro 64-6198 on cocaine intake under 1 h short access (ShA) and 6 h long access (LgA) operant self-administration conditions in rats. We used Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats and Wistar control rats. msP rats were used because we recently found that this rat line, originally selected for excessive alcohol drinking and preference, exhibits a greater propensity to escalate cocaine self-administration following LgA training. msP rats are also characterized by innate overexpression of the N/OFQ-NOP system compared with Wistar rats. Wistar and msP rats both exhibited an increase in cocaine self-administration under LgA conditions, with a higher trend toward escalation in msP rats. In Wistar rats, the intraperitoneal administration of Ro 64-6198 (0. 1 and 3 mg/kg) significantly decreased ShA cocaine self-administration. In Wistar rats that underwent LgA cocaine self-administration training, Ro 64-6198 induced no significant effect either during the first hour of self-administration or after the entire 6 h session. In msP rats, Ro 64-6198 significantly reduced cocaine self-administration both under ShA conditions and in the first hour of the LgA session. At the end of the 6 h session, the effect of Ro 64-6198 was no longer observed in msP rats. The highest dose of Ro 64-6198 (3 mg/kg) did not affect saccharin self-administration in msP rats but reduced saccharin self-administration in Wistar rats. Altogether, these data suggest that NOP receptor activation attenuates cocaine self-administration, and this effect tends to be more pronounced in a rat line with innately higher NOP receptor expression and that more robustly escalates cocaine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China.,Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulia Scuppa
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Qianwei Shen
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessio Masi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Cannella
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Zehra A, Burns J, Liu CK, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Cannabis Addiction and the Brain: a Review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:438-452. [PMID: 29556883 PMCID: PMC6223748 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most commonly used substance of abuse in the United States after alcohol and tobacco. With a recent increase in the rates of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and a decrease in the perceived risk of cannabis use, it is imperative to assess the addictive potential of cannabis. Here we evaluate cannabis use through the neurobiological model of addiction proposed by Koob and Volkow. The model proposes that repeated substance abuse drives neurobiological changes in the brain that can be separated into three distinct stages, each of which perpetuates the cycle of addiction. Here we review previous research on the acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on the brain and behavior, and find that the three-stage framework of addiction applies to CUD in a manner similar to other drugs of abuse, albeit with some slight differences. These findings highlight the urgent need to conduct research that elucidates specific neurobiological changes associated with CUD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zehra
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jamie Burns
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Kure Liu
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 31, Room B2L124, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Fredriksson I, Wirf M, Steensland P. The monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 prevents the alcohol deprivation effect and improves motor impulsive behavior in rats. Addict Biol 2018; 24:471-484. [PMID: 29480646 PMCID: PMC6585824 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol craving, in combination with impaired impulse control, often leads to relapse. The dopamine system mediates the rewarding properties of alcohol but is also involved in regulating impulsive behavior. The monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 (OSU6162) has the ability to stabilize dopamine activity depending on the prevailing dopaminergic tone and may therefore normalize the dopaminergic transmission regulating both alcohol use disorder and impulsivity. We have recently showed that OSU6162 attenuates voluntary alcohol consumption, operant alcohol self‐administration, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cue‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Here, we evaluated OSU6162's effects on motor impulsivity in Wistar rats that had voluntarily consumed alcohol or water for 10 weeks. The five‐choice serial reaction time task was used to measure motor impulsivity, and a prolonged waiting period (changed from 5 to 7 seconds) was applied to induce premature responses. OSU6162‐testing was conducted twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays), every other week with regular baseline training sessions in between. We also tested OSU6162's effects on the alcohol deprivation effect in long‐term alcohol drinking Wistar rats. The results showed that OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment significantly improved motor impulsivity in the five‐choice serial reaction time task in both alcohol and alcohol‐naïve rats. Moreover, OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment prevented the alcohol deprivation effect, i.e. relapse‐like drinking behavior after a forced period of abstinence in long‐term drinking rats. In conclusion, our results provide further support for OSU6162 as a novel treatment for alcohol use disorder. The results further indicate that improvement of motor impulse control might be one mechanism behind OSU6162's ability to attenuate alcohol‐mediated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Fredriksson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
| | - Malin Wirf
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
| | - Pia Steensland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital Sweden
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30
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Abrahao KP, Salinas AG, Lovinger DM. Alcohol and the Brain: Neuronal Molecular Targets, Synapses, and Circuits. Neuron 2017; 96:1223-1238. [PMID: 29268093 PMCID: PMC6566861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol is one of the most commonly abused drugs. Although environmental and genetic factors contribute to the etiology of alcohol use disorders, it is ethanol's actions in the brain that explain (1) acute ethanol-related behavioral changes, such as stimulant followed by depressant effects, and (2) chronic changes in behavior, including escalated use, tolerance, compulsive seeking, and dependence. Our knowledge of ethanol use and abuse thus relies on understanding its effects on the brain. Scientists have employed both bottom-up and top-down approaches, building from molecular targets to behavioral analyses and vice versa, respectively. This review highlights current progress in the field, focusing on recent and emerging molecular, cellular, and circuit effects of the drug that impact ethanol-related behaviors. The focus of the field is now on pinpointing which molecular effects in specific neurons within a brain region contribute to behavioral changes across the course of acute and chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Abrahao
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Armando G Salinas
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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31
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Mathis WS, Han X. The acute effect of pleasurable music on craving for alcohol: A pilot crossover study. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 90:143-147. [PMID: 28458129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic administration of drugs of abuse leads to a dopamine deficient state in the mesolimbic system, causing dysphoria in abstinence and contributing to craving and return to use. Recent functional imaging studies have shown that listening to personally pleasing music activates the mesolimbic reward system in a fashion similar to drugs of abuse. It has been proposed that such activation could ameliorate the dysphoria and craving of the hypodopaminergic state. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of listening to personally pleasing or moving music on reducing craving in abstinent alcoholics using a single-blind, within-subject randomized block design, with three randomly determined presentations of each condition. Twelve participants with Alcohol Use Disorder on a residential substance rehabilitation unit reported their level of craving with a Visual Analog Scale before and after listening to either the participant-selected song or white noise. Using a mixed model to analyze the crossover design, the music intervention was found to have a statistically significant advantage in craving reduction compared to the noise control. Our results indicate that personally pleasing music might have a role in augmenting substance use disorder treatment via craving reduction. Further study is warranted to elucidate factors which predict the most robust response from this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter S Mathis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Cervera-Juanes R, Wilhelm LJ, Park B, Grant KA, Ferguson B. Genome-wide analysis of the nucleus accumbens identifies DNA methylation signals differentiating low/binge from heavy alcohol drinking. Alcohol 2017; 60:103-113. [PMID: 27866807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-use disorders encompass a range of drinking levels and behaviors, including low, binge, and heavy drinking. In this regard, investigating the neural state of individuals who chronically self-administer lower doses of alcohol may provide insight into mechanisms that prevent the escalation of alcohol use. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that stabilizes adaptations in gene expression and has been associated with alcohol use. Thus, we investigated DNA methylation, gene expression, and the predicted neural effects in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) of male rhesus macaques categorized as "low" or "binge" drinkers, compared to "alcohol-naïve" and "heavy" drinkers based on drinking patterns during a 12-month alcohol self-administration protocol. Using genome-wide CpG-rich region enrichment and bisulfite sequencing, the methylation levels of 2.6 million CpGs were compared between alcohol-naïve (AN), low/binge (L/BD), and heavy/very heavy (H/VHD) drinking subjects (n = 24). Through regional clustering analysis, we identified nine significant differential methylation regions (DMRs) that specifically distinguished ANs and L/BDs, and then compared those DMRs among H/VHDs. The DMRs mapped to genes encoding ion channels, receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cAMP, NF-κβ and Wnt signaling pathway proteins. Two of the DMRs, linked to PDE10A and PKD2L2, were also differentially methylated in H/VHDs, suggesting an alcohol-dose independent effect. However, two other DMRs, linked to the CCBE1 and FZD5 genes, had L/BD methylation levels that significantly differed from both ANs and H/VHDs. The remaining five DMRs also differentiated L/BDs and ANs. However, H/VHDs methylation levels were not distinguishable from either of the two groups. Functional validation of two DMRs, linked to FZD5 and PDE10A, support their role in regulating gene expression and exon usage, respectively. In summary, the findings demonstrate that L/BD is associated with unique DNA methylation signatures in the primate NAcc, and that the methylation signatures identify synaptic genes that may play a role in preventing the escalation of alcohol use.
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Lovinger DM, Alvarez VA. Alcohol and basal ganglia circuitry: Animal models. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:46-55. [PMID: 28341206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain circuits that include the cortex and basal ganglia make up the bulk of the forebrain, and influence behaviors related to almost all aspects of affective, cognitive and sensorimotor functions. The learning of new actions as well as association of existing action repertoires with environmental events are key functions of this circuitry. Unfortunately, the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry is also the target for all drugs of abuse, including alcohol. This makes the circuitry susceptible to the actions of chronic alcohol exposure that impairs circuit function in ways that contribute to cognitive dysfunction and drug use disorders. In the present review, we describe the connectivity and functions of the associative, limbic and sensorimotor cortico-basal ganglia circuits. We then review the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on circuit function. Finally, we review studies examining the roles of the different circuits and circuit elements in alcohol use and abuse. We attempt to synthesize information from a variety of studies in laboratory animals and humans to generate hypotheses about how the three circuits interact with each other and with the other brain circuits during exposure to alcohol and during the development of alcohol use disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Volkow ND, Wiers CE, Shokri-Kojori E, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Baler R. Neurochemical and metabolic effects of acute and chronic alcohol in the human brain: Studies with positron emission tomography. Neuropharmacology 2017; 122:175-188. [PMID: 28108358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of Positron emission tomography (PET) to study the effects of acute and chronic alcohol on the human brain has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol's rewarding effects, the neuroadaptations from chronic exposure that contribute to tolerance and withdrawal, and the changes in fronto-striatal circuits that lead to loss of control and enhanced motivation to drink that characterize alcohol use disorders (AUD). These include studies showing that alcohol's reinforcing effects may result not only from its enhancement of dopaminergic, GABAergic and opioid signaling but also from its caloric properties. Studies in those suffering from an AUD have revealed significant alterations in dopamine (DA), GABA, cannabinoids, opioid and serotonin neurotransmission and in brain energy utilization (glucose and acetate metabolism) that are likely to contribute to compulsive alcohol taking, dysphoria/depression, and to alcohol-associated neurotoxicity. Studies have also evaluated the effects of abstinence on recovery of brain metabolism and neurotransmitter function and the potential value of some of these measures to predict clinical outcomes. Finally, PET studies have started to provide insights about the neuronal mechanisms by which certain genes contribute to the vulnerability to AUD. These findings have helped identify new strategies for prevention and treatment of AUD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Alcoholism".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Ruben Baler
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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Alvanzo AAH, Wand GS, Kuwabara H, Wong DF, Xu X, McCaul ME. Family history of alcoholism is related to increased D 2 /D 3 receptor binding potential: a marker of resilience or risk? Addict Biol 2017; 22:218-228. [PMID: 26416591 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family history of alcohol use disorder and striatal dopamine using positron emission tomography imaging. Participants were 84 healthy, 18- to 30-year-old, social drinkers recruited via fliers and newspaper advertisements. At assessment, participants completed measures of lifetime personal and family substance use and psychiatric symptoms. Participants underwent two consecutive positron emission tomography scans using the D2 /D3 dopamine receptor radioligand [11 C]raclopride. Scans were preceded by intravenous saline and amphetamine 0.3 mg/kg, providing measures of baseline [11 C]raclopride binding potential (BPND ) and change in [11 C]raclopride (ΔBPND ). Subjective ratings of stimulant drug effects were collected during scans. Subjects were classified as family history positive (FHP) if they reported any first-degree relative with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and family history negative (FHN) if no first-degree relatives had history of AUD. Participants were predominantly White (69.0 percent) and male (62.1 percent). Baseline [11 C]raclopride BPND was generally higher in FHP compared with FHN subjects across striatal subdivisions. There were no differences in ΔBPND across regions. Negative subjective drug effects were more pronounced in FHP than in FHN subjects. While FHN subjects evidenced the expected positive relationship between ΔBPND and positive subjective drug effects, this relationship was disrupted in FHP subjects. There are key differences in dopamine status and subjective stimulant drug experiences as a function of family AUD history. These findings have important implications for understanding risk for AUD development in FHP offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika A. H. Alvanzo
- Division of General Internal Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Gary S. Wand
- Department of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mary E. McCaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
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Jonsson S, Morud J, Stomberg R, Ericson M, Söderpalm B. Involvement of lateral septum in alcohol's dopamine-elevating effect in the rat. Addict Biol 2017; 22:93-102. [PMID: 26365786 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse share the ability to increase extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the mesolimbic DA system. This effect has been linked to positive and reinforcing experiences of drug consumption and is presumed to be of importance for continued use, as well as for the development of dependence and addiction. Previous rat studies from our lab have implicated a neuronal circuitry involving glycine receptors in nucleus accumbens (nAc) and, secondarily, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in ethanol's (EtOH) DA-elevating effect. The work presented here, performed in male Wistar rats, suggests that the lateral septum (LS), which has previously been associated with different aspects of EtOH-related behaviour, is involved as well. In vivo microdialysis methodology demonstrated that blocking the generation of action potentials in LS using tetrodotoxin prevented a DA increase in nAc after accumbal EtOH perfusion. Retrograde tracing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to identify and characterize cells projecting to VTA from nAc/LS and from LS to nAc. Based on the PCR results, cells projecting from both LS/nAc to anterior VTA and from LS to nAc were mainly GABAergic neurons expressing glycine receptors, and these cells are presumed to be involved in mediating the DA-elevating effect of EtOH. These results provide further evidence implicating LS in the reinforcing effects of EtOH. Additional studies are needed to investigate LS involvement in EtOH consumption behaviour and its potential role in the development of dependence and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jonsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Julia Morud
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Rosita Stomberg
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Beroendekliniken; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg Sweden
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37
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Cervera-Juanes R, Wilhelm LJ, Park B, Grant KA, Ferguson B. Alcohol-dose-dependent DNA methylation and expression in the nucleus accumbens identifies coordinated regulation of synaptic genes. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e994. [PMID: 28072409 PMCID: PMC5545731 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in DNA methylation have been associated with alcohol exposure and proposed to contribute to continued alcohol use; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain obscure. We investigated the escalating effects of alcohol use on DNA methylation, gene expression and predicted neural effects in the nucleus accumbens of rhesus macaques that self-administered 4% alcohol for over 12 months. Using an exploratory approach to identify CpG-rich regions, followed by bisulfite sequencing, the methylation levels of 2.7 million CpGs were compared between seven low-binge drinkers and nine heavy-very heavy drinking subjects. We identified 17 significant differential methylation regions (DMRs), including 14 with methylation levels that were correlated with average daily alcohol consumption. The size of the DMRs ranged from 29 to 158 bp (mean=63.7), included 4-19 CpGs per DMR (mean=8.06) and spanned a range of average methylation values from 5 to 34%. Eight of the DMRs mapped to genes implicated in modulating synaptic plasticity. Six of the synaptic genes have not previously been linked to alcohol use. Validation studies of these eight DMRs using bisulfite amplicon sequencing and an expanded set of 30 subjects confirmed the significant alcohol-dose-associated methylation of the DMRs. Expression analysis of three of the DMR-associated genes, LRP5, GPR39 and JAKMIP1, revealed significant correlations between DMR methylation and whole-gene or alternative transcript expression, supporting a functional role in regulating gene expression. Together, these studies suggest that alcohol-associated synaptic remodeling may be regulated and coordinated at the level of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - L J Wilhelm
- Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - B Park
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K A Grant
- Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - B Ferguson
- Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA,Department of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. E-mail:
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38
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Montag C, Sindermann C, Becker B, Panksepp J. An Affective Neuroscience Framework for the Molecular Study of Internet Addiction. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1906. [PMID: 28018255 PMCID: PMC5159430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet addiction represents an emerging global health issue. Increasing efforts have been made to characterize risk factors for the development of Internet addiction and consequences of excessive Internet use. During the last years, classic research approaches from psychology considering personality variables as vulnerability factor, especially in conjunction with neuroscience approaches such as brain imaging, have led to coherent theoretical conceptualizations of Internet addiction. Although such conceptualizations can be valuable aid, the research field is currently lacking a comprehensive framework for determining brain-based and neurochemical markers of Internet addiction. The present work aims at providing a framework on the molecular level as a basis for future research on the neural and behavioral level, in order to facilitate a comprehensive neurobiological model of Internet addiction and its clinical symptomatology. To help establish such a molecular framework for the study of Internet addiction, we investigated in N = 680 participants associations between individual differences in tendencies toward Internet addiction measured by the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS-2) and individual differences in primary emotional systems as assessed by the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). Regression analysis revealed that the ANPS scales FEAR and SADNESS were the ANPS scales most robustly positively linked to several (sub)scales of the GPIUS-2. Also the scales SEEKING, CARE and PLAY explain variance in some of the GPIUS-2 subscales. As such, these scales are negatively linked to the GPIUS-2 subscales. As the ANPS has been constructed on substantial available brain data including an extensive molecular body with respect to evolutionary highly conserved emotional circuitry in the ancient mammalian brain, the present study gives first ideas on putative molecular mechanisms underlying different facets of Internet addiction as derived from associations between tendencies toward Internet addiction and individual differences in primary emotional systems. For example, as SADNESS is linked to the overall GPIUS-2 score, and the neuropeptide oxytocin is known to downregulate SADNESS, it is conceivable that the neuropeptide might play a role in Internet addition on the molecular level. Our findings provide a theoretical framework potentially illuminating the molecular underpinnings of Internet addiction. Finally, we also present data on the ANPS and smartphone addiction at the end of the paper. Similar to the reported associations between the ANPS and the GPIUS-2, these correlations might provide an initial outline for a framework guiding future studies that aim to address the molecular basis of smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montag
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation/Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | | | - Benjamin Becker
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation/Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu, China
| | - Jaak Panksepp
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
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Cope LM, Hardee JE, Soules ME, Burmeister M, Zucker RA, Heitzeg MM. Reduced brain activation during inhibitory control in children with COMT Val/Val genotype. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00577. [PMID: 28032000 PMCID: PMC5167006 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral undercontrol is a well-established risk factor for substance use disorder, identifiable at an early age well before the onset of substance use. However, the biological mechanistic structure underlying the behavioral undercontrol/substance use relationship is not well understood. The enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) catabolizes dopamine and norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, brain regions involved in behavioral control. The goal of this work was to investigate the association between genetic variation in COMT functioning and fronto-striatal brain functioning during successful inhibitory control, a critical aspect of behavioral control. METHODS Participants were 65 (22 female) 7-12 year olds who were genotyped for the functional COMT Val158Met (rs4680) single-nucleotide polymorphism and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a go/no-go task. The majority of the sample (80%) had at least one parent with a history of alcohol use disorder and were thus at heightened risk for substance use disorders. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of genotype on brain activation in left and right putamen during successful versus failed inhibition and in right inferior frontal gyrus/insula during successful inhibition versus baseline. Follow-up tests revealed that Met homozygotes had greater activation in each region relative to Val homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS These results are relevant for understanding how specific genes influence brain functioning related to underlying risk factors for substance use disorders and other disinhibitory psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jillian E Hardee
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary E Soules
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Department of Human Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA; Addiction Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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40
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Trifilieff P, Ducrocq F, van der Veldt S, Martinez D. Blunted Dopamine Transmission in Addiction: Potential Mechanisms and Implications for Behavior. Semin Nucl Med 2016; 47:64-74. [PMID: 27987559 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging consistently shows blunted striatal dopamine release and decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability in addiction. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies indicating that this neurobiological phenotype is likely to be both a consequence of chronic drug consumption and a vulnerability factor in the development of addiction. We propose that, behaviorally, blunted striatal dopamine transmission could reflect the increased impulsivity and altered cost/benefit computations that are associated with addiction. The factors that influence blunted striatal dopamine transmission in addiction are unknown. Herein, we give an overview of various factors, genetic, environmental, and social, that are known to affect dopamine transmission and that have been associated with the vulnerability to develop addiction. Altogether, these data suggest that blunted dopamine transmission and decreased D2 receptor availability are biomarkers both for the development of addiction and resistance to treatment. These findings support the view that blunted dopamine reflects impulsive behavior and deficits in motivation, which lead to the escalation of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Trifilieff
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Fabien Ducrocq
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Suzanne van der Veldt
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA UMR 1286, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY.
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Atanasova B, Goumeidane FM, Kazour F, Schmitt H, Husson M, Gaillard P, El-Hage W, Ballon N. What are Probable Olfactory Markers of Alcohol Dependence? Chem Senses 2016; 42:3-12. [PMID: 27629826 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the olfactory system is closely connected with the brain areas responsible for the most crucial alterations in psychiatric populations, especially cognitive and emotional impairments, the study of olfactory processing may be a relevant approach to identify specific markers of alcohol dependence. The aim of this study was to propose the probable olfactory markers for alcohol dependence through a study of the olfactory parameters that involve the central olfactory pathway. We recruited the same 41 alcohol-dependent patients in an early (day 8) and late (day 67) stage of abstinence and 41 controls matched for gender, age, and smoking status. The participants underwent clinical assessments and several olfactory evaluations. The results revealed on one hand, the persistence of decreased intensity of positive emotion (happy), increased intensity of negative emotion (sad), and increased citation of surprise in patients, suggesting the presence of probable trait markers of alcohol dependence. On the other hand, we found decreased hedonic score for pleasant and neutral odorants, and decreased odor familiarity judgment only in the early stage of evaluation as probable state markers for alcohol dependence. These results may be underpinned by several neuropsychological alterations specific to this disease and their evolution after weaning. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to confirm the specificity and sensitivity of the olfactory tests in a larger sample of patients. The olfactory perception of all controls must be also retested in order to determine the specific state and/or trait markers of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boriana Atanasova
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France,
| | - Fayçal Mehdi Goumeidane
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - François Kazour
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Henri Schmitt
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Marion Husson
- Centre Hospitalier Louis Sevestre, 37390 La Membrolle-sur-Choisille, France and
| | - Philippe Gaillard
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- INSERM U930, équipe 4 Troubles Affectifs, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université François Rabelais, 37200 Tours, France.,Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CHRU de Tours, 37200 Tours, France.,Equipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, CHRU de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
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42
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Aubert PM, Seibyl JP, Price JL, Harris TS, Filbey FM, Jacobe H, Devous MD, Adinoff B. Dopamine efflux in response to ultraviolet radiation in addicted sunbed users. Psychiatry Res 2016; 251:7-14. [PMID: 27085608 PMCID: PMC5241090 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive tanning despite awareness of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) carcinogenicity may represent an "addictive" behavior. Many addictive disorders are associated with alterations in dopamine (D2/D3) receptor binding and dopamine reactivity in the brain's reward pathway. To determine if compulsive tanners exhibited neurobiologic responses similar to other addictive disorders, this study assessed basal striatal D2/D3 binding and UVR-induced striatal dopamine efflux in ten addicted and ten infrequent tanners. In a double-blind crossover trial, UVR or sham UVR was administered in separate sessions during brain imaging with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Basal D2/D3 receptor density and UVR-induced dopamine efflux in the caudate were assessed using (123)I-iodobenzamide ((123)I-IBZM) binding potential non-displaceable (BPnd). Basal BPnd did not significantly differ between addicted and infrequent tanners. Whereas neither UVR nor sham UVR induced significant changes in bilateral caudate BPnd in either group, post-hoc analyses revealed left caudate BPnd significantly decreased (reflecting increased dopamine efflux) in the addicted tanners - but not the infrequent tanners - during the UVR session only. Bilateral ∆BPnd correlated with tanning severity only in the addicted tanners. These preliminary findings are consistent with a stronger neural rewarding response to UVR in addicted tanners, supporting a cutaneous-neural connection driving excessive sunbed use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Aubert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John P Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Molecular Neuroimaging, LLC, and Yale University, New Haven, MA, USA
| | - Julianne L Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas S Harris
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Heidi Jacobe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Devous
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA; Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryon Adinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Rose JH, Karkhanis AN, Chen R, Gioia D, Lopez MF, Becker HC, McCool BA, Jones SR. Supersensitive Kappa Opioid Receptors Promotes Ethanol Withdrawal-Related Behaviors and Reduce Dopamine Signaling in the Nucleus Accumbens. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyv127. [PMID: 26625893 PMCID: PMC4886667 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol exposure reduces dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens, which may contribute to the negative affective symptoms associated with ethanol withdrawal. Kappa opioid receptors have been implicated in withdrawal-induced excessive drinking and anxiety-like behaviors and are known to inhibit dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. The effects of chronic ethanol exposure on kappa opioid receptor-mediated changes in dopamine transmission at the level of the dopamine terminal and withdrawal-related behaviors were examined. METHODS Five weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in male C57BL/6 mice were used to examine the role of kappa opioid receptors in chronic ethanol-induced increases in ethanol intake and marble burying, a measure of anxiety/compulsive-like behavior. Drinking and marble burying were evaluated before and after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure, with and without kappa opioid receptor blockade by nor-binaltorphimine (10mg/kg i.p.). Functional alterations in kappa opioid receptors were assessed using fast scan cyclic voltammetry in brain slices containing the nucleus accumbens. RESULTS Chronic intermittent ethanol-exposed mice showed increased ethanol drinking and marble burying compared with controls, which was attenuated with kappa opioid receptor blockade. Chronic intermittent ethanol-induced increases in behavior were replicated with kappa opioid receptor activation in naïve mice. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry revealed that chronic intermittent ethanol reduced accumbal dopamine release and increased uptake rates, promoting a hypodopaminergic state of this region. Kappa opioid receptor activation with U50,488H concentration-dependently decreased dopamine release in both groups; however, this effect was greater in chronic intermittent ethanol-treated mice, indicating kappa opioid receptor supersensitivity in this group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the chronic intermittent ethanol-induced increase in ethanol intake and anxiety/compulsive-like behaviors may be driven by greater kappa opioid receptor sensitivity and a hypodopaminergic state of the nucleus accumbens.
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MESH Headings
- Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects
- Alcohol Drinking/metabolism
- Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology
- Alcohol Drinking/psychology
- Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/metabolism
- Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/physiopathology
- Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/psychology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Anxiety/psychology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Compulsive Behavior
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ethanol
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Nucleus Accumbens/physiopathology
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/physiopathology
- Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/psychology
- Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Rose
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Anushree N Karkhanis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Dominic Gioia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Brian A McCool
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker)
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Dr Rose, Dr Karkhanis, Dr Chen, Mr Gioia, Dr McCool, and Dr Jones); Charleston Alcohol Research Center (Drs Lopez and Becker), Department of Psychiatry (Drs Lopez and Becker), and Department of Neurosciences (Dr Becker), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (Dr Becker).
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44
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Blaine SK, Milivojevic V, Fox H, Sinha R. Alcohol Effects on Stress Pathways: Impact on Craving and Relapse Risk. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:145-53. [PMID: 27254089 PMCID: PMC4813419 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716632512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant amount of neurobiological research regarding the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has focused on alcohol-related activation and long-term alterations in the mesocortical dopaminergic reward pathways. However, alcohol does not only interact with brain reward systems. Many of its acute and chronic effects may be related to allostatic adaptations in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic stress regulation pathways. For example, acute binge intoxication is associated with hypothalamically driven increases in blood cortisol, norepinephrine, and sex steroid metabolite levels. This may contribute to the development of mesocortical sensitization to alcohol. Furthermore, chronic alcohol exposure is associated with systemic dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, sympathetic adrenal medullary system, and sex steroid systems. This dysregulation appears to manifest as neuroendocrine tolerance. In this review, we first summarize the literature suggesting that alcohol-induced alterations in these hypothalamic systems influence craving and contribute to the development of AUDs. We note that for women, the effects of alcohol on these neuroendocrine stress regulation systems may be influenced by the rhythmic variations of hormones and steroids across the menstrual cycle. Second, we discuss how changes in these systems may indicate progression of AUDs and increased risk of relapse in both sexes. Specifically, neuroendocrine tolerance may contribute to mesocortical sensitization, which in turn may lead to decreased prefrontal inhibitory control of the dopaminergic reward and hypothalamic stress systems. Thus, pharmacological strategies that counteract alcohol-associated changes in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic stress regulation pathways may slow the development and progression of AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Blaine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Verica Milivojevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Helen Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Convergent evidence from alcohol-dependent humans and rats for a hyperdopaminergic state in protracted abstinence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3024-9. [PMID: 26903621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506012113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hypothesis in addiction research is that alcohol induces neuroadaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and that these neuroadaptations represent a key neurochemical event in compulsive drug use and relapse. Whether these neuroadaptations lead to a hypo- or hyperdopaminergic state during abstinence is a long-standing, unresolved debate among addiction researchers. The answer is of critical importance for understanding the neurobiological mechanism of addictive behavior. Here we set out to study systematically the neuroadaptive changes in the DA system during the addiction cycle in alcohol-dependent patients and rats. In postmortem brain samples from human alcoholics we found a strong down-regulation of the D1 receptor- and DA transporter (DAT)-binding sites, but D2-like receptor binding was unaffected. To gain insight into the time course of these neuroadaptations, we compared the human data with that from alcohol-dependent rats at several time points during abstinence. We found a dynamic regulation of D1 and DAT during 3 wk of abstinence. After the third week the rat data mirrored our human data. This time point was characterized by elevated extracellular DA levels, lack of synaptic response to D1 stimulation, and augmented motor activity. Further functional evidence is given by a genetic rat model for hyperdopaminergia that resembles a phenocopy of alcohol-dependent rats during protracted abstinence. In summary, we provide a new dynamic model of abstinence-related changes in the striatal DA system; in this model a hyperdopaminergic state during protracted abstinence is associated with vulnerability for relapse.
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Dopamine receptor agonists modulate voluntary alcohol intake independently of individual levels of alcohol intake in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2715-25. [PMID: 27236784 PMCID: PMC4917576 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Individual susceptibility to alcohol use disorder has been related to functional changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current work was to assess the effects of selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists and antagonists on alcohol consumption in rats that differ in individual levels of alcohol intake. METHODS The effects of the dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 82958, the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390, the dopamine D2 receptor agonist sumanirole and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist L741,626 on alcohol consumption and preference were assessed at different time points after treatment in subgroups of low and high alcohol drinking rats (LD and HD) using an intermittent alcohol access paradigm. RESULTS SKF 82958 decreased alcohol intake and alcohol preference throughout the 24-h session. Sumanirole decreased alcohol intake during the first 2 h, but increased alcohol intake during the remainder of the session. The effects of SKF 82958 and sumanirole on alcohol intake and alcohol preference were comparable in LD and HD. By contrast, the dopamine receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and L741,626 did not alter alcohol consumption in either group at any time point. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that stimulation of dopamine D1 receptors reduces alcohol intake, but that endogenous dopamine does not play a primary role in alcohol consumption. Moreover, the difference in alcohol consumption between LD and HD does not involve altered dopamine signaling.
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Romano-López A, Méndez-Díaz M, García FG, Regalado-Santiago C, Ruiz-Contreras AE, Prospéro-García O. Maternal separation and early stress cause long-lasting effects on dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and alters dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex in rats. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:819-31. [PMID: 26539755 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A considerable amount experimental studies have shown that maternal separation (MS) is associated with adult offspring abnormal behavior and cognition disorder. Accordingly, this experimental procedure has been proposed as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence based on the neurodevelopmental soon after birth. Endocannabinoid system (eCBs) has been implicated in reward processes, including drug abuse and dependence. MS and associated stress causes changes in the eCBs that seem to facilitate alcohol consumption. In this study, we seek to evaluate potential morphological changes in neurons of the frontal cortex (FCx) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), in the expression of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems and in second messengers, such as Akt, in adult rats subjected to MS and early stress (MS + ES; 2 × 180 min daily) vs. nonseparated rats (NMS). Results showed that MS + ES induces higher D2R expression and lower D3R, FAAH, and MAGL expression compared with NMS rats. Alterations in total dendritic length were also detected and were characterized by increases in the NAcc while there were decreases in the FCx. We believe MS + ES-induced changes in the dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and in the neuronal microstructure might be contributing to alcohol seeking behavior and, potential vulnerability to other drugs in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 819-831, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romano-López
- Departamento De Fisiología, Laboratorio De Canabinoides, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Méndez-Díaz
- Departamento De Fisiología, Laboratorio De Canabinoides, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabio García García
- Laboratorio De Biología Del Sueño, Instituto De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, 91160, Ver., Mexico
| | - Citlalli Regalado-Santiago
- Laboratorio De Biología Del Sueño, Instituto De Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, 91160, Ver., Mexico
| | - Alejandra E Ruiz-Contreras
- Laboratorio De Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Coordinación De Psicofisiología, Facultad De Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Prospéro-García
- Departamento De Fisiología, Laboratorio De Canabinoides, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hillmer AT, Mason GF, Fucito LM, O'Malley SS, Cosgrove KP. How Imaging Glutamate, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Dopamine Can Inform the Clinical Treatment of Alcohol Dependence and Withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:2268-82. [PMID: 26510169 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have dramatically advanced our understanding of the neurochemical basis of alcohol dependence, a major public health issue. In this paper, we review the research generated from neurochemical specific imaging modalities including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, and single-photon emission computed tomography in studies of alcohol dependence and withdrawal. We focus on studies interrogating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, and dopamine, as these are prominent neurotransmitter systems implicated in alcohol dependence. Highlighted findings include diminished dopaminergic functioning and modulation of the GABA system by tobacco smoking during alcohol withdrawal. Then, we consider how these findings impact the clinical treatment of alcohol dependence and discuss directions for future experiments to address existing gaps in the literature, for example, sex differences and smoking comorbidity. These and other considerations provide opportunities to build upon the current neurochemistry imaging literature of alcohol dependence and withdrawal, which may usher in improved therapeutic and relapse prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansel T Hillmer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Graeme F Mason
- Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lisa M Fucito
- Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Departments of Psychiatry and Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Czoty PW. Effects of chronic binge-like ethanol consumption on cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:278-85. [PMID: 26048636 PMCID: PMC4509795 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most cocaine abusers also abuse alcohol, but little is known about interactions that promote co-abuse. These experiments in rhesus monkeys determined the effects of >8 weeks of ethanol (EtOH) consumption on cocaine self-administration (n=6), effects of dopamine (DA) receptor antagonists on cocaine reinforcement (n=3-4 per drug) and the ability of the D2-like DA receptor agonist quinpirole to elicit yawning (n=3). METHODS Monkeys self-administered cocaine (0.0-1.0mg/kg/injection, i.v.) under a 300-s fixed-interval schedule and the above-listed variables were measured before EtOH exposure. Next, monkeys consumed a sweetened, 4% EtOH solution in the home cage under binge-like conditions: 1h, 5 days/week with daily intake equaling 2.0g/kg EtOH. After approximately 8 weeks, measures were re-determined, then EtOH drinking was discontinued. Finally, acute effects of EtOH on cocaine self-administration were determined by infusing EtOH (0.0-1.0g/kg. i.v.) prior to cocaine self-administration sessions (n=4). RESULTS In five of six monkeys, EtOH drinking increased self-administration of low cocaine doses but did not alter reinforcing effects of higher doses. Self-administration returned to baseline after EtOH access was terminated (n=3). Effects of DA receptor antagonists on cocaine self-administration were not consistently altered after EtOH consumption, but the ability of quinpirole to induce yawning was enhanced in two of three monkeys. Acute EtOH infusions only decreased self-administration of lower cocaine doses. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data suggest that long-term EtOH exposure can increase sensitivity to cocaine, possibly by increasing D3 receptor sensitivity. Data do not support a role for acute pharmacological interactions in promoting cocaine/EtOH co-abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083
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50
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Alhassoon OM, Sorg SF, Stern MJ, Hall MG, Wollman SC. Neuroimaging in alcohol-use disorders: clinical implications and future directions. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in clinical research have led to significant alterations in diagnostic criteria for alcohol-use disorders (AUD). Neuroimaging techniques are now being called upon to shed light on the validity and clinical utility of diagnostic criteria. For example, craving has recently been added to the diagnostic criteria of AUD based mainly on neurobiological research. In addition to understanding the nuances of the craving process, neuroimaging techniques are helping determine the biological factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of the disorder and offer insight into the mechanisms underlying treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a clinically relevant summary of the neuroimaging research that has impacted our understanding of the etiology, treatment and recovery in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Alhassoon
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott F Sorg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark J Stern
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Matthew G Hall
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Scott C Wollman
- California School of Professional Psychology, Clinical Psychology PhD Program, 10455 Pomerado Road, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
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