1
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Shi L, Song H, Zhou B, Morrow BE. Crk/Crkl regulates early angiogenesis in mouse embryos by accelerating endothelial cell maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548782. [PMID: 37503032 PMCID: PMC10369973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic adaptors CRK and CRKL mediate multiple signaling pathways in mammalian embryogenesis. They are also associated with cardiovascular defects occurring in Miller-Dieker syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, respectively. The embryonic mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system, yet the roles that Crk and Crkl play there are not understood on a single cell level. Objectives To determine functions of Crk and Crkl in the embryonic mesoderm during early mouse vascular development. Secondly, we will examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for early embryonic endothelial cell (EC) defects by performing single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and in vivo validation experiments. Methods and Results Inactivation of both Crk and Crkl together using Mesp1 Cre resulted embryonic lethality with severe vascular defects. Although vasculogenesis appeared normal, angiogenesis was disrupted both in the yolk sac and embryo proper, leading to disorganized vascular networks. We performed scRNA-seq of the Mesp1 Cre mesodermal lineage and found that there was upregulation of a great number of angiogenesis and cell migration related genes in ECs in the mutants, including NOTCH signaling genes such as Dll4 and Hey1 . Further bioinformatic analysis of EC subpopulations identified a relative increase in the number of more differentiated angiogenic ECs and decrease in EC progenitors. Consistent with this, we identified an expansion of Dll4 expressing cells within abnormal arteries, in vivo . Also, our bioinformatic data indicates that there is dysregulated expression of lineage genes that promote EC differentiation causing accelerated cell fate progression during EC differentiation. Conclusions Our results show that Crk and Crkl are crucial for regulating early embryonic angiogenesis. Combined inactivation of Crk/Crkl caused precocious EC maturation with an increase of atypical differentiated angiogenic ECs and failed vascular remodeling. This is in part due to increased NOTCH signaling and altered expression of cell migration genes.
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2
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Krup AL, Winchester SAB, Ranade SS, Agrawal A, Devine WP, Sinha T, Choudhary K, Dominguez MH, Thomas R, Black BL, Srivastava D, Bruneau BG. A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors. Development 2023; 150:dev201229. [PMID: 36994838 PMCID: PMC10259516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leigh Krup
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A. B. Winchester
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Krishna Choudhary
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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3
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Wnt signaling in stem cells during development and cell lineage specification. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:121-143. [PMID: 36967192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, cell proliferation, cell fate specification and tissue patterning are coordinated and tightly regulated by a handful of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways activated by secreted growth factor families including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog and Wnt. The spatial and temporal activation of these signaling pathways elicit context-specific cellular responses that ultimately shape the different tissues of the embryo. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways during embryo development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we first describe the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during early embryo development, axis specification and cell differentiation as a prelude to highlight how this knowledge is being leveraged to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity with small molecules and biologics for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell lineages that are physiologically relevant for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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4
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Kuroda S, Adachi N, Kuratani S. A detailed redescription of the mesoderm/neural crest cell boundary in the murine orbitotemporal region integrates the mammalian cranium into a pan-amniote cranial configuration. Evol Dev 2023; 25:32-53. [PMID: 35909296 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of the mammalian chondrocranium appears to differ significantly from those of other amniotes, since the former possesses uniquely developed brain and cranial sensory organs. In particular, a question has long remained unanswered as to the developmental and evolutionary origins of a cartilaginous nodule called the ala hypochiasmatica. In this study, we investigated the embryonic origin of skeletal elements in the murine orbitotemporal region by combining genetic cell lineage analysis with detailed morphological observation. Our results showed that the mesodermal embryonic environment including the ala hypochiasmatica, which appeared as an isolated mesodermal distribution in the neural crest-derived prechordal region, is formed as a part of the mesoderm that continued from the chordal region during early chondrocranial development. The mesoderm/neural crest cell boundary in the head mesenchyme is modified through development, resulting in the secondary mesodermal expansion to invade into the prechordal region. We thus revealed that the ala hypochiasmatica develops as the frontier of the mesodermal sheet stretched along the cephalic flexure. These results suggest that the mammalian ala hypochiasmatica has evolved from a part of the mesodermal primary cranial wall in ancestral amniotes. In addition, the endoskeletal elements in the orbitotemporal region, such as the orbital cartilage, suprapterygoid articulation of the palatoquadrate, and trabecula, some of which were once believed to represent primitive traits of amniotes and to be lost in the mammalian lineage, have been confirmed to exist in the mammalian cranium. Consequently, the mammalian chondrocranium can now be explained in relation to the pan-amniote cranial configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Kuroda
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France.,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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5
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The negative regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as key driver of inducers and repressors of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1179-1203. [PMID: 35979890 PMCID: PMC9411751 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle damage-induced loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and dysfunction of the remaining ones leads to heart failure, which nowadays is the number one killer worldwide. Therapies fostering effective cardiac regeneration are the holy grail of cardiovascular research to stop the heart failure epidemic. The main goal of most myocardial regeneration protocols is the generation of new functional CMs through the differentiation of endogenous or exogenous cardiomyogenic cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of cardiomyocyte commitment, specification, differentiation and maturation is needed to devise innovative approaches to replace the CMs lost after injury in the adult heart. The transcriptional regulation of CM differentiation is a highly conserved process that require sequential activation and/or repression of different genetic programs. Therefore, CM differentiation and specification have been depicted as a step-wise specific chemical and mechanical stimuli inducing complete myogenic commitment and cell-cycle exit. Yet, the demonstration that some microRNAs are sufficient to direct ESC differentiation into CMs and that four specific miRNAs reprogram fibroblasts into CMs show that CM differentiation must also involve negative regulatory instructions. Here, we review the mechanisms of CM differentiation during development and from regenerative stem cells with a focus on the involvement of microRNAs in the process, putting in perspective their negative gene regulation as a main modifier of effective CM regeneration in the adult heart.
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6
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Chandrakanthan V, Rorimpandey P, Zanini F, Chacon D, Olivier J, Joshi S, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Huang Y, Qiao Q, Oliver RA, Unnikrishnan A, Carter DR, Lee B, Brownlee C, Power C, Brink R, Mendez-Ferrer S, Enikolopov G, Walsh W, Göttgens B, Taoudi S, Beck D, Pimanda JE. Mesoderm-derived PDGFRA + cells regulate the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells in the dorsal aorta. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1211-1225. [PMID: 35902769 PMCID: PMC9359911 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) first emerge at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), on the ventral surface of the dorsal aorta, by endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells, which provide an essential niche for long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow, reside in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros and contribute to the development of the dorsal aorta and endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Here we show that mesoderm-derived PDGFRA+ stromal cells (Mesp1der PSCs) contribute to the haemogenic endothelium of the dorsal aorta and populate the E10.5-E11.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros but by E13.5 were replaced by neural-crest-derived PSCs (Wnt1der PSCs). Co-aggregating non-haemogenic endothelial cells with Mesp1der PSCs but not Wnt1der PSCs resulted in activation of a haematopoietic transcriptional programme in endothelial cells and generation of LT-HSCs. Dose-dependent inhibition of PDGFRA or BMP, WNT and NOTCH signalling interrupted this reprogramming event. Together, aorta-gonad-mesonephros Mesp1der PSCs could potentially be harnessed to manufacture LT-HSCs from endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Prunella Rorimpandey
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Zanini
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia.,UNSW Futures Institute for Cellular Genomics, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diego Chacon
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jake Olivier
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Young Chan Kang
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rema A Oliver
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Lee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Brownlee
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carl Power
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Mendez-Ferrer
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samir Taoudi
- Epigenetics and development division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominik Beck
- Centre for Health Technologies and the School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Deciphering Cardiac Biology and Disease by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040566. [PMID: 35454155 PMCID: PMC9032111 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By detecting minute molecular changes in hundreds to millions of single cells, single-cell RNA sequencing allows for the comprehensive characterization of the diversity and dynamics of cells in the heart. Our understanding of the heart has been transformed through the recognition of cellular heterogeneity, the construction of regulatory networks, the building of lineage trajectories, and the mapping of intercellular crosstalk. In this review, we introduce cardiac progenitors and their transcriptional regulation during embryonic development, highlight cellular heterogeneity and cell subtype functions in cardiac health and disease, and discuss insights gained from the study of pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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8
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The Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Test as an Alternative Method for Embryotoxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063295. [PMID: 35328717 PMCID: PMC8950674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of substances for their potency to induce embryotoxicity is controlled by safety regulations. Test guidelines for reproductive and developmental toxicity rely mainly on animal studies, which make up the majority of animal usage in regulatory toxicology. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative in vitro methods to follow the 3R principles. To improve human safety, cell models based on human cells are of great interest to overcome species differences. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an ideal cell source as they largely recapitulate embryonic stem cells without bearing ethical concerns and they are able to differentiate into most cell types of the human body. Here, we set up and characterized a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free hiPSC-based in vitro test method, called the human induced pluripotent stem cell test (hiPS Test), to evaluate the embryotoxic potential of substances. After 10 days in culture, hiPSCs develop into beating cardiomyocytes. As terminal endpoint evaluations, cell viability, qPCR analyses as well as beating frequency and area of beating cardiomyocytes by video analyses are measured. The embryotoxic positive and non-embryotoxic negative controls, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Penicillin G (PenG), respectively, were correctly assessed in the hiPS Test. More compounds need to be screened in the future for defining the assay’s applicability domain, which will inform us of the suitability of the hiPS Test for detecting adverse effects of substances on embryonic development.
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9
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo M, Martinez-Amaro FJ, Caño-Carrillo S, Castillo-Casas JM, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Aranega AE, Franco D. Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Molecular Determinants during Cardiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052839. [PMID: 35269981 PMCID: PMC8911333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is initiated soon after gastrulation as bilateral precardiac mesoderm is progressively symmetrically determined at both sides of the developing embryo. The precardiac mesoderm subsequently fused at the embryonic midline constituting an embryonic linear heart tube. As development progress, the embryonic heart displays the first sign of left-right asymmetric morphology by the invariably rightward looping of the initial heart tube and prospective embryonic ventricular and atrial chambers emerged. As cardiac development progresses, the atrial and ventricular chambers enlarged and distinct left and right compartments emerge as consequence of the formation of the interatrial and interventricular septa, respectively. The last steps of cardiac morphogenesis are represented by the completion of atrial and ventricular septation, resulting in the configuration of a double circuitry with distinct systemic and pulmonary chambers, each of them with distinct inlets and outlets connections. Over the last decade, our understanding of the contribution of multiple growth factor signaling cascades such as Tgf-beta, Bmp and Wnt signaling as well as of transcriptional regulators to cardiac morphogenesis have greatly enlarged. Recently, a novel layer of complexity has emerged with the discovery of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and lncRNAs. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the contribution of non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. microRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to functional modulate all stages of cardiac morphogenesis, spanning from lateral plate mesoderm formation to outflow tract septation, by modulating major growth factor signaling pathways as well as those transcriptional regulators involved in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Francisco Jose Martinez-Amaro
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.d.M.M.-G.); (F.J.M.-A.); (S.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-C.); (C.S.-F.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18007 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Ramirez-Calderon G, Colombo G, Hernandez-Bautista CA, Astro V, Adamo A. Heart in a Dish: From Traditional 2D Differentiation Protocols to Cardiac Organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855966. [PMID: 35252213 PMCID: PMC8893312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) constitute a valuable model to study the complexity of early human cardiac development and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in heart diseases. The differentiation of hPSCs into cardiac lineages in vitro can be achieved by traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer approaches or by adopting innovative three-dimensional (3D) cardiac organoid protocols. Human cardiac organoids (hCOs) are complex multicellular aggregates that faithfully recapitulate the cardiac tissue’s transcriptional, functional, and morphological features. In recent years, significant advances in the field have dramatically improved the robustness and efficiency of hCOs derivation and have promoted the application of hCOs for drug screening and heart disease modeling. This review surveys the current differentiation protocols, focusing on the most advanced 3D methods for deriving hCOs from hPSCs. Furthermore, we describe the potential applications of hCOs in the pharmaceutical and tissue bioengineering fields, including their usage to investigate the consequences of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection in the heart.
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11
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Bang ML, Bogomolovas J, Chen J. Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H181-H233. [PMID: 34797172 PMCID: PMC8759964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide and can be caused by mutations in a wide range of proteins located in different cellular compartments. The present review is based on Dr. Ju Chen's 2021 Robert M. Berne Distinguished Lectureship of the American Physiological Society Cardiovascular Section, in which he provided an overview of the current knowledge on the cardiomyopathy-associated proteins that have been studied in his laboratory. The review provides a general summary of the proteins in different compartments of cardiomyocytes associated with cardiomyopathies, with specific focus on the proteins that have been studied in Dr. Chen's laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Bang
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Julius Bogomolovas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ju Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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12
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:1-40. [PMID: 35126826 PMCID: PMC8788183 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases’ morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
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13
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Mehanna RA, Essawy MM, Barkat MA, Awaad AK, Thabet EH, Hamed HA, Elkafrawy H, Khalil NA, Sallam A, Kholief MA, Ibrahim SS, Mourad GM. Cardiac stem cells: Current knowledge and future prospects. World J Stem Cells 2022. [PMID: 35126826 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i1.1]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the field concerned with the repair and restoration of the integrity of damaged human tissues as well as whole organs. Since the inception of the field several decades ago, regenerative medicine therapies, namely stem cells, have received significant attention in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Apart from their known potential for differentiation into the various body cells, stem cells enhance the organ's intrinsic regenerative capacity by altering its environment, whether by exogenous injection or introducing their products that modulate endogenous stem cell function and fate for the sake of regeneration. Recently, research in cardiology has highlighted the evidence for the existence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs). The global burden of cardiovascular diseases' morbidity and mortality has demanded an in-depth understanding of the biology of CSCs/CPCs aiming at improving the outcome for an innovative therapeutic strategy. This review will discuss the nature of each of the CSCs/CPCs, their environment, their interplay with other cells, and their metabolism. In addition, important issues are tackled concerning the potency of CSCs/CPCs in relation to their secretome for mediating the ability to influence other cells. Moreover, the review will throw the light on the clinical trials and the preclinical studies using CSCs/CPCs and combined therapy for cardiac regeneration. Finally, the novel role of nanotechnology in cardiac regeneration will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Essawy
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Mona A Barkat
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hamed
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Hagar Elkafrawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Khalil
- Medical Biochemistry Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sallam
- Medical Physiology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Kholief
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical toxicology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Samar S Ibrahim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mourad
- Histology and Cell Biology Department/Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21500, Egypt.
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14
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Shi L, Racedo SE, Diacou A, Park T, Zhou B, Morrow BE. Crk and Crkl have shared functions in neural crest cells for cardiac outflow tract septation and vascular smooth muscle differentiation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1197-1215. [PMID: 34686881 PMCID: PMC9029238 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CRK and CRKL encode cytoplasmic adaptors that contribute to the etiology of congenital heart disease. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are required for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) septation and aortic arch formation. The roles of Crk/Crkl in NCCs during mouse cardiovascular development remains unknown. To test this, we inactivated Crk and/or Crkl in NCCs. We found that the loss of Crk, rather than Crkl, in NCCs resulted in double outlet right ventricle, while loss of both Crk/Crkl in NCCs resulted in severe defects with earlier lethality due to failed OFT septation and severe dilation of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs). We found that these defects are due to altered cell morphology resulting in reduced localization of NCCs to the OFT and failed integrity of the PAAs, along with reduced expression of Integrin signaling genes. Further, molecular studies identified reduced differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells that may in part be due to altered Notch signaling. Additionally, there is increased cellular stress that leads to modest increase in apoptosis. Overall, this explains the mechanism for the Crk/Crkl phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Shi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Silvia E Racedo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Taeju Park
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein college of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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15
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Ajima R, Sakakibara Y, Sakurai-Yamatani N, Muraoka M, Saga Y. Formal proof of the requirement of MESP1 and MESP2 in mesoderm specification and their transcriptional control via specific enhancers in mice. Development 2021; 148:272544. [PMID: 34679163 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MESP1 and MESP2 are transcriptional factors involved in mesoderm specification, somite boundary formation and somite polarity regulation. However, Mesp quadruple mutant zebrafish displayed only abnormal somite polarity without mesoderm specification defects. In order to re-evaluate Mesp1/Mesp2 mutants in mice, Mesp1 and Mesp2 single knockouts (KOs), and a Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO were established using genome-editing techniques without introducing selection markers commonly used before. The Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO embryos exhibited markedly severe mesoderm formation defects that were similar to the previously reported Mesp1/Mesp2 double KO embryos, indicating species differences in the function of MESP family proteins. However, the Mesp1 KO did not display any phenotype, including heart formation defects, which have been reported previously. We noted upregulation of Mesp2 in the Mesp1 KO embryos, suggesting that MESP2 rescues the loss of MESP1 in mesoderm specification. We also found that Mesp1 and Mesp2 expression in the early mesoderm is regulated by the cooperation of two independent enhancers containing T-box- and TCF/Lef-binding sites. Deletion of both enhancers caused the downregulation of both genes, resulting in heart formation defects. This study suggests dose-dependent roles of MESP1 and MESP2 in early mesoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Ajima
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakakibara
- Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakurai-Yamatani
- Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muraoka
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Division for Development of Genetic-engineered Mouse Resource, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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16
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Han L, Yang L. Multidimensional Mechanistic Spectrum of Long Non-coding RNAs in Heart Development and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:728746. [PMID: 34604357 PMCID: PMC8483262 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.728746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the large-scale genome-wide sequencing, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to compose of a large portion of the human transcriptome. Recent studies demonstrated the multidimensional functions of lncRNAs in heart development and disease. The subcellular localization of lncRNA is considered as a key factor that determines lncRNA function. Cytosolic lncRNAs mainly regulate mRNA stability, mRNA translation, miRNA processing and function, whereas nuclear lncRNAs epigenetically regulate chromatin remodeling, structure, and gene transcription. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of cytosolic and nuclear lncRNAs in heart development and disease separately, and emphasize the recent progress to dictate the crosstalk of cytosolic and nuclear lncRNAs in orchestrating the same biological process. Given the low evolutionary conservation of most lncRNAs, deeper understanding of human lncRNA will uncover a new layer of human regulatory mechanism underlying heart development and disease, and benefit the future clinical treatment for human heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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17
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases top the list of fatal illnesses worldwide. Cardiac tissues is known to be one of te least proliferative in the human body, with very limited regenraive capacity. Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the experimental setting, but success in human trials has been limited. Applications of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration necessitate understamding of the complex and unique structure of the heart unit, and the embryologic development of the heart muscles and vessels. This chapter aims to provide an insight into cardiac progenitor cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. It also provides an overview of the embryological development of cardiac tissue, and the major findings on the development of cardiac stem cells, their characterization, and differentiation, and their regenerative potential. It concludes with clinical applications in treating cardiac disease using different approaches, and concludes with areas for future research.
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18
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Nakano H, Fajardo VM, Nakano A. The role of glucose in physiological and pathological heart formation. Dev Biol 2021; 475:222-233. [PMID: 33577830 PMCID: PMC8107118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells display distinct metabolic characteristics depending on its differentiation stage. The fuel type of the cells serves not only as a source of energy but also as a driver of differentiation. Glucose, the primary nutrient to the cells, is a critical regulator of rapidly growing embryos. This metabolic change is a consequence as well as a cause of changes in genetic program. Disturbance of fetal glucose metabolism such as in diabetic pregnancy is associated with congenital heart disease. In utero hyperglycemia impacts the left-right axis establishment, migration of cardiac neural crest cells, conotruncal formation and mesenchymal formation of the cardiac cushion during early embryogenesis and causes cardiac hypertrophy in late fetal stages. In this review, we focus on the role of glucose in cardiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases associated with hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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19
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Chen F, Chen J, Wang H, Tang H, Huang L, Wang S, Wang X, Fang X, Liu J, Li L, Ouyang K, Han Z. Histone Lysine Methyltransferase SETD2 Regulates Coronary Vascular Development in Embryonic Mouse Hearts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651655. [PMID: 33898448 PMCID: PMC8063616 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect and have a clear genetic component, yet genomic structural variations or gene mutations account for only a third of the cases. Epigenomic dynamics during human heart organogenesis thus may play a critical role in regulating heart development. However, it is unclear how histone mark H3K36me3 acts on heart development. Here we report that histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2, an H3K36me3 methyltransferase, is a crucial regulator of the mouse heart epigenome. Setd2 is highly expressed in embryonic stages and accounts for a predominate role of H3K36me3 in the heart. Loss of Setd2 in cardiac progenitors results in obvious coronary vascular defects and ventricular non-compaction, leading to fetus lethality in mid-gestation, without affecting peripheral blood vessel, yolk sac, and placenta formation. Furthermore, deletion of Setd2 dramatically decreased H3K36me3 level and impacted the transcriptional landscape of key cardiac-related genes, including Rspo3 and Flrt2. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that SETD2 plays a primary role in H3K36me3 and is critical for coronary vascular formation and heart development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Pezhouman A, Engel JL, Nguyen NB, Skelton RJP, Gilmore WB, Qiao R, Sahoo D, Zhao P, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. Isolation and characterization of hESC-derived heart field-specific cardiomyocytes unravels new insights into their transcriptional and electrophysiological profiles. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:828-843. [PMID: 33744937 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We prospectively isolate and characterize first and second heart field- and nodal-like cardiomyocytes using a double reporter line from human embryonic stem cells. Our double reporter line utilizes two important transcription factors in cardiac development, TBX5 and NKX2-5. TBX5 expression marks first heart field progenitors and cardiomyocytes while NKX2-5 is expressed in nearly all myocytes of the developing heart (excluding nodal cells). We address the shortcomings of prior work in the generation of heart-field specific cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells and provide a comprehensive early developmental transcriptomic as well as electrophysiological analyses of these three populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptional, immunocytochemical, and functional studies support the cellular identities of isolated populations based on the expression pattern of NKX2-5 and TBX5. Importantly, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide evidence of unique molecular signatures of isolated first and second heart-field cardiomyocytes, as well as nodal-like cells. Extensive electrophysiological analyses reveal dominant atrial action potential phenotypes in first and second heart fields in alignment with our findings in single-cell RNA sequencing. Lastly, we identify two novel surface markers, POPDC2 and CORIN, that enables purification of cardiomyocytes and first heart field cardiomyocytes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We describe a high yield approach for isolation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell-derived heart field specific and nodal-like cardiomyocytes. Obtaining enriched populations of these different cardiomyocyte subtypes increases the resolution of gene expression profiling during early cardiogenesis, arrhythmia modeling, and drug screening. This paves the way for the development of effective stem cell therapy to treat diseases that affect specific regions of the heart or chamber-specific congenital heart defects. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Myocardial infarction leads to irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and eventually heart failure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be differentiated to cardiomyocytes and are considered a potential source of cell therapy for cardiac regeneration. However, current differentiation strategies yield a mixture of cardiomyocyte subtypes and safety concerns stemming from the use of a heterogenous population of cardiomyocytes have hindered its application. Here, we report generation of enriched heart field-specific cardiomyocytes using a hESC double reporter. Our study facilitates investigating early human cardiogenesis in vitro and generating chamber-specific cardiomyocytes to treat diseases that affect specific regions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - James L Engel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Blake Gilmore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rong Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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21
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Haridhasapavalan KK, Ranjan SH, Bhattacharyya S, Thummer RP. Soluble expression, purification, and secondary structure determination of human MESP1 transcription factor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2363-2376. [PMID: 33651130 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor MESP1 is a crucial factor regulating cardiac, hematopoietic, and skeletal myogenic development. Besides, it also contributes to the generation of functional cardiomyocytes. Here, we report the soluble expression and purification of the full-length human MESP1 protein from the heterologous system, which can be delivered into the target mammalian cells. To generate this biological macromolecule, we cloned its codon-optimized gene sequence fused to a nuclear localization sequence, a cell-penetrating peptide, and a His-tag into the protein expression vector and expressed in the bacterial system (E. coli strain BL21(DE3)). Subsequently, we have screened and identified the optimal expression parameters to obtain this recombinant fusion protein in soluble form from E. coli and examined its expression concerning the placement of fusion tags at either terminal. Further, we have purified this recombinant fusion protein to homogeneity under native conditions. Notably, this purified fusion protein has maintained its secondary structure after purification, primarily comprising α-helices and random coils. This molecular tool can potentially replace its genetic and viral forms in the cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts to induce a cardiac transcriptional profile in an integration-free manner and elucidating its role in various biological processes and diseases. KEY POINTS: • Screening of the suitable gene construct was performed and identified. • Screening of optimal expression conditions was performed and identified. • Native purification of recombinant human MESP1 protein from E. coli was performed. • Recombinant MESP1 protein has retained its secondary structure after purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sujal Harsh Ranjan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Srirupa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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22
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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23
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Probst S, Sagar, Tosic J, Schwan C, Grün D, Arnold SJ. Spatiotemporal sequence of mesoderm and endoderm lineage segregation during mouse gastrulation. Development 2021; 148:dev.193789. [PMID: 33199445 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anterior mesoderm (AM) and definitive endoderm (DE) progenitors represent the earliest embryonic cell types that are specified during germ layer formation at the primitive streak (PS) of the mouse embryo. Genetic experiments indicate that both lineages segregate from Eomes-expressing progenitors in response to different Nodal signaling levels. However, the precise spatiotemporal pattern of the emergence of these cell types and molecular details of lineage segregation remain unexplored. We combined genetic fate labeling and imaging approaches with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to follow the transcriptional identities and define lineage trajectories of Eomes-dependent cell types. Accordingly, all cells moving through the PS during the first day of gastrulation express Eomes AM and DE specification occurs before cells leave the PS from Eomes-positive progenitors in a distinct spatiotemporal pattern. ScRNA-seq analysis further suggested the immediate and complete separation of AM and DE lineages from Eomes-expressing cells as last common bipotential progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Probst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany .,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Tosic
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany .,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Yahya I, Morosan-Puopolo G, Brand-Saberi B. The CXCR4/SDF-1 Axis in the Development of Facial Expression and Non-somitic Neck Muscles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:615264. [PMID: 33415110 PMCID: PMC7783292 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.615264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trunk and head muscles originate from distinct embryonic regions: while the trunk muscles derive from the paraxial mesoderm that becomes segmented into somites, the majority of head muscles develops from the unsegmented cranial paraxial mesoderm. Differences in the molecular control of trunk versus head and neck muscles have been discovered about 25 years ago; interestingly, differences in satellite cell subpopulations were also described more recently. Specifically, the satellite cells of the facial expression muscles share properties with heart muscle. In adult vertebrates, neck muscles span the transition zone between head and trunk. Mastication and facial expression muscles derive from the mesodermal progenitor cells that are located in the first and second branchial arches, respectively. The cucullaris muscle (non-somitic neck muscle) originates from the posterior-most branchial arches. Like other subclasses within the chemokines and chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and SDF-1 play essential roles in the migration of cells within a number of various tissues during development. CXCR4 as receptor together with its ligand SDF-1 have mainly been described to regulate the migration of the trunk muscle progenitor cells. This review first underlines our recent understanding of the development of the facial expression (second arch-derived) muscles, focusing on new insights into the migration event and how this embryonic process is different from the development of mastication (first arch-derived) muscles. Other muscles associated with the head, such as non-somitic neck muscles derived from muscle progenitor cells located in the posterior branchial arches, are also in the focus of this review. Implications on human muscle dystrophies affecting the muscles of face and neck are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imadeldin Yahya
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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25
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Xia J, Meng Z, Ruan H, Yin W, Xu Y, Zhang T. Heart Development and Regeneration in Non-mammalian Model Organisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595488. [PMID: 33251221 PMCID: PMC7673453 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent years have witnessed exciting progress in the understanding of heart formation and development, enabling cardiac biologists to make significant advance in the field of therapeutic heart regeneration. Most of our understanding of heart development and regeneration, including the genes and signaling pathways, are driven by pioneering works in non-mammalian model organisms, such as fruit fly, fish, frog, and chicken. Compared to mammalian animal models, non-mammalian model organisms have special advantages in high-throughput applications such as disease modeling, drug discovery, and cardiotoxicity screening. Genetically engineered animals of cardiovascular diseases provide valuable tools to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and to evaluate therapeutic strategies. A large number of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) non-mammalian models have been established and tested for the genes and signaling pathways involved in the diseases. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of heart development and regeneration revealed by these models, highlighting the advantages of non-mammalian models as tools for cardiac research. The knowledge from these animal models will facilitate therapeutic discoveries and ultimately serve to accelerate translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Xia
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxuan Meng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyue Ruan
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Han L, Chen C, Lu X, Song Y, Zhang Z, Zeng C, Chiu R, Li L, Xu M, He C, Zhang W, Duan S. Alterations of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in circulating cell-free DNA reflect retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Genomics 2020; 113:79-87. [PMID: 33221518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication that may cause severe visual impairment and blindness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early detection of DR will expand the range of potential treatment options and enable better control of disease progression. Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. We sought to explore the diagnostic value of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for DR, taking advantage of a highly sensitive technique, the 5hmC-Seal. The genome-wide 5hmC profiles in cfDNA samples from 35 patients diagnosed with DR and 35 age-, gender-, diabetic duration-matched T2DM controls were obtained using the 5hmC-Seal, followed by a case-control analysis and external validation. The genomic distribution of 5hmC in cfDNA from patients with DR reflected potential gene regulatory relevance, showing co-localization with histone modification marks for active expression (e.g., H3K4me1). A three-gene signature (MESP1, LY6G6D, LINC01556) associated with DR was detected using the elastic net regularization on the multivariable logistic regression model, showing high accuracy to distinguish patients with DR from T2DM controls (AUC [area under curve] = 91.4%; 95% CI [confidence interval], 84.3- 98.5%), achieving a sensitivity of 88.6% and a specificity of 91.4%. In an external testing set, the 5hmC model detected 5 out of 6 DR patients and predicted 7 out of 8 non-DR patients with other microvascular complications. Circulating cfDNA from patients with DR contained 5hmC information that could be exploited for DR detection. As a novel non-invasive approach, the 5hmC-Seal holds the promise to be an integrated part of patient care and surveillance tool for T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Shanghai Epican Genetech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Song
- Shanghai Epican Genetech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rudyard Chiu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics; and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Insititute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Cibi DM, Bi-Lin KW, Shekeran SG, Sandireddy R, Tee N, Singh A, Wu Y, Srinivasan DK, Kovalik JP, Ghosh S, Seale P, Singh MK. Prdm16 Deficiency Leads to Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy, Adverse Remodeling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Heart Failure. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108288. [PMID: 33086060 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Although hypertrophy is traditionally regarded as an adaptive response to physiological or pathological stress, prolonged hypertrophy can lead to heart failure. Here we demonstrate that Prdm16 is dispensable for cardiac development. However, it is required in the adult heart to preserve mitochondrial function and inhibit hypertrophy with advanced age. Cardiac-specific deletion of Prdm16 results in cardiac hypertrophy, excessive ventricular fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired metabolic flexibility, leading to heart failure. We demonstrate that Prdm16 and euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase factors (Ehmts) act together to reduce expression of fetal genes reactivated in pathological hypertrophy by inhibiting the functions of the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor Myc. Although young Prdm16 knockout mice show normal cardiac function, they are predisposed to develop heart failure in response to metabolic stress. Our study demonstrates that Prdm16 protects the heart against age-dependent cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasan Mary Cibi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Kathleen Wung Bi-Lin
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Shamini Guna Shekeran
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Reddemma Sandireddy
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore 169609
| | - Anamika Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore 169609.
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28
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Swedlund B, Lescroart F. Cardiopharyngeal Progenitor Specification: Multiple Roads to the Heart and Head Muscles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036731. [PMID: 31818856 PMCID: PMC7397823 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the heart arises from various sources of undifferentiated mesodermal progenitors, with an additional contribution from ectodermal neural crest cells. Mesodermal cardiac progenitors are plastic and multipotent, but are nevertheless specified to a precise heart region and cell type very early during development. Recent findings have defined both this lineage plasticity and early commitment of cardiac progenitors, using a combination of single-cell and population analyses. In this review, we discuss several aspects of cardiac progenitor specification. We discuss their markers, fate potential in vitro and in vivo, early segregation and commitment, and also intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulating lineage restriction from multipotency to a specific cell type of the heart. Finally, we also discuss the subdivisions of the cardiopharyngeal field, and the shared origins of the heart with other mesodermal derivatives, including head and neck muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Abstract
The lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) forms the progenitor cells that constitute the heart and cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, smooth muscle lineage and limb skeleton in the developing vertebrate embryo. Despite this central role in development and evolution, the LPM remains challenging to study and to delineate, owing to its lineage complexity and lack of a concise genetic definition. Here, we outline the processes that govern LPM specification, organization, its cell fates and the inferred evolutionary trajectories of LPM-derived tissues. Finally, we discuss the development of seemingly disparate organ systems that share a common LPM origin. Summary: The lateral plate mesoderm is the origin of several major cell types and organ systems in the vertebrate body plan. How this mesoderm territory emerges and partitions into its downstream fates provides clues about vertebrate development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D Prummel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Nieuwenhuize
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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Hedgehog-FGF signaling axis patterns anterior mesoderm during gastrulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15712-15723. [PMID: 32561646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914167117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms used by embryos to pattern tissues across their axes has fascinated developmental biologists since the founding of embryology. Here, using single-cell technology, we interrogate complex patterning defects and define a Hedgehog (Hh)-fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling axis required for anterior mesoderm lineage development during gastrulation. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of Hh-deficient mesoderm revealed selective deficits in anterior mesoderm populations, culminating in defects to anterior embryonic structures, including the pharyngeal arches, heart, and anterior somites. Transcriptional profiling of Hh-deficient mesoderm during gastrulation revealed disruptions to both transcriptional patterning of the mesoderm and FGF signaling for mesoderm migration. Mesoderm-specific Fgf4/Fgf8 double-mutants recapitulated anterior mesoderm defects and Hh-dependent GLI transcription factors modulated enhancers at FGF gene loci. Cellular migration defects during gastrulation induced by Hh pathway antagonism were mitigated by the addition of FGF4 protein. These findings implicate a multicomponent signaling hierarchy activated by Hh ligands from the embryonic node and executed by FGF signals in nascent mesoderm to control anterior mesoderm patterning.
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31
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Borasch K, Richardson K, Plendl J. Cardiogenesis with a focus on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:643-655. [PMID: 32319704 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The initial intraembryonic vasculogenesis occurs in the cardiogenic mesoderm. Here, a cell population of proendocardial cells detaches from the mesoderm that subsequently generates the single endocardial tube by forming vascular plexuses. In the course of embryogenesis, the endocardium retains vasculogenic, angiogenic and haematopoietic potential. The coronary blood vessels that sustain the rapidly expanding myocardium develop in the course of the formation of the cardiac loop by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis from progenitor cells of the proepicardial serosa at the venous pole of the heart as well as from the endocardium and endothelial cells of the sinus venosus. Prospective coronary endothelial cells and progenitor cells of the coronary blood vessel walls (smooth muscle cells, perivascular cells) originate from different cell populations that are in close spatial as well as regulatory connection with each other. Vasculo- and angiogenesis of the coronary blood vessels are for a large part regulated by the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells. Vasculogenic and angiogenic signalling pathways include the vascular endothelial growth factors, the angiopoietins and the fibroblast growth factors and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Borasch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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32
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Yang F, Huang L, Tso A, Wang H, Cui L, Lin L, Wang X, Ren M, Fang X, Liu J, Han Z, Chen J, Ouyang K. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are essential for fetal-maternal connection and embryo viability. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008739. [PMID: 32320395 PMCID: PMC7176088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are a family of intracellular Ca2+ release channels located on the ER membrane, which in mammals consist of 3 different subtypes (IP3R1, IP3R2, and IP3R3) encoded by 3 genes, Itpr1, Itpr2, and Itpr3, respectively. Studies utilizing genetic knockout mouse models have demonstrated that IP3Rs are essential for embryonic survival in a redundant manner. Deletion of both IP3R1 and IP3R2 has been shown to cause cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality. However, it remains unknown which cell types account for the cardiovascular defects in IP3R1 and IP3R2 double knockout (DKO) mice. In this study, we generated conditional IP3R1 and IP3R2 knockout mouse models with both genes deleted in specific cardiovascular cell lineages. Our results revealed that deletion of IP3R1 and IP3R2 in cardiomyocytes by TnT-Cre, in endothelial / hematopoietic cells by Tie2-Cre and Flk1-Cre, or in early precursors of the cardiovascular lineages by Mesp1-Cre, resulted in no phenotypes. This demonstrated that deletion of both IP3R genes in cardiovascular cell lineages cannot account for the cardiovascular defects and embryonic lethality observed in DKO mice. We then revisited and performed more detailed phenotypic analysis in DKO embryos, and found that DKO embryos developed cardiovascular defects including reduced size of aortas, enlarged cardiac chambers, as well as growth retardation at embryonic day (E) 9.5, but in varied degrees of severity. Interestingly, we also observed allantoic-placental defects including reduced sizes of umbilical vessels and reduced depth of placental labyrinth in DKO embryos, which could occur independently from other phenotypes in DKO embryos even without obvious growth retardation. Furthermore, deletion of both IP3R1 and IP3R2 by the epiblast-specific Meox2-Cre, which targets all the fetal tissues and extraembryonic mesoderm but not extraembryonic trophoblast cells, also resulted in embryonic lethality and similar allantoic-placental defects. Taken together, our results demonstrated that IP3R1 and IP3R2 play an essential and redundant role in maintaining the integrity of fetal-maternal connection and embryonic viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Yang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexandria Tso
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Cui
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Lizhu Lin
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Fang
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
| | - Ju Chen
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (ZH); (JC); (KO)
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33
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Vahdat S, Pahlavan S, Mahmoudi E, Barekat M, Ansari H, Bakhshandeh B, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Early Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells by a Cocktail of Signaling Factors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16006. [PMID: 31690816 PMCID: PMC6831601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are proposed to be invaluable cell sources for experimental and clinical studies. This wide range of applications necessitates large-scale production of CPCs in an in vitro culture system, which enables both expansion and maintenance of these cells. In this study, we aimed to develop a defined and efficient culture medium that uses signaling factors for large-scale expansion of early CPCs, called cardiogenic mesodermal cells (CMCs), which were derived from hPSCs. Chemical screening resulted in a medium that contained a reproducible combination of three factors (A83-01, bFGF, and CHIR99021) that generated 1014 CMCs after 10 passages without the propensity for tumorigenicity. Expanded CMCs retained their gene expression pattern, chromosomal stability, and differentiation tendency through several passages and showed both the safety and possible cardio-protective potentials when transplanted into the infarcted rat myocardium. These CMCs were efficiently cryopreserved for an extended period of time. This culture medium could be used for both adherent and suspension culture conditions, for which the latter is required for large-scale CMC production. Taken together, hPSC-derived CMCs exhibited self-renewal capacity in our simple, reproducible, and defined medium. These cells might ultimately be potential, promising cell sources for cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Mahmoudi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Penaloza JS, Pappas MP, Hagen HR, Xie N, Chan SSK. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenic development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:284-290. [PMID: 31590918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mesp1 lineage contributes to cardiac, hematopoietic and skeletal myogenic development. Interestingly, muscle stem cells residing in craniofacial skeletal muscles primarily arise from Mesp1+ progenitors, but those in trunk and limb skeletal muscles do not. To gain insights into the difference between the head and trunk/limb muscle developmental processes, we studied Mesp1+ skeletal myogenic derivatives via single-cell RNA-seq and other strategies. Using a doxycycline-inducible Mesp1-expressing mouse embryonic stem cell line, we found that the development of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenic progenitors can be characterized by dynamic expression of PDGFRα and VCAM1. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed the heterogeneous nature of these Mesp1+ derivatives, spanning pluripotent and mesodermal to mesenchymal and skeletal myogenic. We subsequently reconstructed the single-cell trajectories of these subpopulations. Our data thereby provide a cell fate projection of Mesp1-induced skeletal myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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35
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Tan CMJ, Lewandowski AJ. The Transitional Heart: From Early Embryonic and Fetal Development to Neonatal Life. Fetal Diagn Ther 2019; 47:373-386. [PMID: 31533099 DOI: 10.1159/000501906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the human heart involves complex biological signals, interactions, specification of myocardial progenitor cells, and heart tube looping. To facilitate survival in the hypoxemic intrauterine environment, the fetus possesses structural, physiological, and functional cardiovascular adaptations that are fundamentally different from the neonate. At birth, upon separation from the placental circulation, the neonatal cardiovascular system takes over responsibility of vital processes for survival. The transition from the fetal to neonatal circulation is considered to be a period of intricate physiological, anatomical, and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system. With a successful cardiopulmonary transition to the extrauterine environment, the fetal shunts are functionally modified or eliminated, enabling independent life. Investigations using medical imaging tools such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging have helped to define normal and abnormal patterns of cardiac remodeling both in utero and ex utero. This has not only allowed for a better understanding of how congenital cardiac malformations alter the hemodynamic transition to the extrauterine environment but also how other more common complications during pregnancy including intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery adversely affect offspring cardiac remodeling during this early transitional period. This review article describes key cardiac progenitors involved in embryonic heart development; the cellular, physiological, and anatomical changes during the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation; as well as the unique impact that different pregnancy complications have on cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Mei Jun Tan
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam James Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,
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36
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Abstract
The function of the mammalian heart depends on the interplay between different cardiac cell types. The deployment of these cells, with precise spatiotemporal regulation, is also important during development to establish the heart structure. In this Review, we discuss the diverse origins of cardiac cell types and the lineage relationships between cells of a given type that contribute to different parts of the heart. The emerging lineage tree shows the progression of cell fate diversification, with patterning cues preceding cell type segregation, as well as points of convergence, with overlapping lineages contributing to a given tissue. Several cell lineage markers have been identified. However, caution is required with genetic-tracing experiments in comparison with clonal analyses. Genetic studies on cell populations provided insights into the mechanisms for lineage decisions. In the past 3 years, results of single-cell transcriptomics are beginning to reveal cell heterogeneity and early developmental trajectories. Equating this information with the in vivo location of cells and their lineage history is a current challenge. Characterization of the progenitor cells that form the heart and of the gene regulatory networks that control their deployment is of major importance for understanding the origin of congenital heart malformations and for producing cardiac tissue for use in regenerative medicine.
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37
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Yousefi M, Mamipour M, Sokullu SE, Ghaderi S, Amini H, Rahbarghazi R. Toll-like receptors in the functional orientation of cardiac progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19451-19463. [PMID: 31025370 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages with the ability to restore in cardiac tissue. Multipotency and self-renewal activity are the crucial characteristics of CPCs. Also, CPCs have promising therapeutic roles in cardiac diseases such as valvular disease, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and cardiac remodeling. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the main part of the innate immunity, have a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Some reports are found regarding the effect of TLRs in the maturation of stem cells. This article tried to find the potential role of TLRs in the dynamics of CPCs. By showing possible crosstalk between the TLR signaling pathways and CPCs dynamics, we could achieve a better conception related to TLRs in the regeneration of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mina Mamipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye E Sokullu
- Engineering Sciences, Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Department of System Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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38
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Vahdat S, Bakhshandeh B. Prediction of putative small molecules for manipulation of enriched signalling pathways in hESC-derived early cardiovascular progenitors by bioinformatics analysis. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:77-83. [PMID: 33444476 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are considered as powerful tools for cardiac regenerative medicine and developmental study. Mesoderm posterior1+ (MESP1+ ) cells are identified as the earliest CPCs from which almost all cardiac cell types are generated. Molecular insights to the transcriptional regulatory factors of early CPCs are required to control cell fate decisions. Herein, the microarray data set of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived MESP1+ cells was analysed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparison to undifferentiated hESCs and MESP1-negative cells. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were carried out with the subsequent prediction of putative regulatory small molecules for modulation of CPC fate. Some key signalling cascades of cardiogenesis including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and PI3K/Akt were highlighted in MESP1+ cells. The transcriptional regulatory network of MESP1+ cells were visualised through interaction networks of DEGs. Additionally, 35 promising chemicals were predicted based on correlations with gene expression signature of MESP1+ cells for effective in vitro CPC manipulation. Studying the transcriptional profile of MESP1+ cells resulted into the identification of important signalling pathways and chemicals which could be introduced as powerful tools to manage proliferation and differentiation of hESC-derived CPCs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Foley TE, Hess B, Savory JGA, Ringuette R, Lohnes D. Role of Cdx factors in early mesodermal fate decisions. Development 2019; 146:146/7/dev170498. [PMID: 30936115 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Murine cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors are derived from Mesp1+ mesoderm. Cdx function impacts both yolk sac hematopoiesis and cardiogenesis in zebrafish, suggesting that Cdx family members regulate early mesoderm cell fate decisions. We found that Cdx2 occupies a number of transcription factor loci during embryogenesis, including key regulators of both cardiac and blood development, and that Cdx function is required for normal expression of the cardiogenic transcription factors Nkx2-5 and Tbx5 Furthermore, Cdx and Brg1, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, co-occupy a number of loci, suggesting that Cdx family members regulate target gene expression through alterations in chromatin architecture. Consistent with this, we demonstrate loss of Brg1 occupancy and altered chromatin structure at several cardiogenic genes in Cdx-null mutants. Finally, we provide evidence for an onset of Cdx2 expression at E6.5 coinciding with egression of cardiac progenitors from the primitive streak. Together, these findings suggest that Cdx functions in multi-potential mesoderm to direct early cell fate decisions through transcriptional regulation of several novel target genes, and provide further insight into a potential epigenetic mechanism by which Cdx influences target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E Foley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Bradley Hess
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanne G A Savory
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Randy Ringuette
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Lohnes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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40
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Clapham KR, Singh I, Capuano IS, Rajagopal S, Chun HJ. MEF2 and the Right Ventricle: From Development to Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:29. [PMID: 30984767 PMCID: PMC6448530 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive and ultimately life-limiting disease in which survival is closely linked to right ventricular function. The right ventricle remains relatively understudied, as it is known to have key developmental and structural differences from the left ventricle. Here, we will highlight what is known about the right ventricle in normal physiology and in the disease state of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Specifically, we will explore the role of the family of MEF2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2) transcription factors in right ventricular development, its response to increased afterload, and in the endothelial dysfunction that characterizes pulmonary arterial hypertension. Finally, we will turn to review potentially novel therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R Clapham
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Isabella S Capuano
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Choate Rosemary Hall, Wallingford, CT, United States
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hyung J Chun
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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41
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Wang F, Liang R, Tandon N, Matthews ER, Shrestha S, Yang J, Soibam B, Yang J, Liu Y. H19X-encoded miR-424(322)/-503 cluster: emerging roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, plasticity and metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:903-920. [PMID: 30474694 PMCID: PMC6394552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
miR-424(322)/-503 are mammal-specific members of the extended miR-15/107 microRNA family. They form a co-expression network with the imprinted lncRNA H19 in tetrapods. miR-424(322)/-503 regulate fundamental cellular processes including cell cycle, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, hypoxia and other stress response. They control tissue differentiation (cardiomyocyte, skeletal muscle, monocyte) and remodeling (mammary gland involution), and paradoxically participate in tumor initiation and progression. Expression of miR-424(322)/-503 is governed by unique mechanisms involving sex hormones. Here, we summarize current literature and provide a primer for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Neha Tandon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Matthews
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Shreesti Shrestha
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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42
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Heude E, Tesarova M, Sefton EM, Jullian E, Adachi N, Grimaldi A, Zikmund T, Kaiser J, Kardon G, Kelly RG, Tajbakhsh S. Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues. eLife 2018; 7:40179. [PMID: 30451684 PMCID: PMC6310459 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, head and trunk muscles develop from different mesodermal populations and are regulated by distinct genetic networks. Neck muscles at the head-trunk interface remain poorly defined due to their complex morphogenesis and dual mesodermal origins. Here, we use genetically modified mice to establish a 3D model that integrates regulatory genes, cell populations and morphogenetic events that define this transition zone. We show that the evolutionary conserved cucullaris-derived muscles originate from posterior cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, not lateral plate mesoderm, and we define new boundaries for neural crest and mesodermal contributions to neck connective tissue. Furthermore, lineage studies and functional analysis of Tbx1- and Pax3-null mice reveal a unique developmental program for somitic neck muscles that is distinct from that of somitic trunk muscles. Our findings unveil the embryological and developmental requirements underlying tetrapod neck myogenesis and provide a blueprint to investigate how muscle subsets are selectively affected in some human myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantine Heude
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth M Sefton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Estelle Jullian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Grimaldi
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3738, Paris, France
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43
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Sayed A, Valente M, Sassoon D. Does cardiac development provide heart research with novel therapeutic approaches? F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30450195 PMCID: PMC6221076 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal heart is hypoxic by comparison to the adult heart. In parallel, the cellular metabolism of the cardiac tissue, including progenitors, undergoes a glycolytic to oxidative switch that contributes to cardiac maturation. While oxidative metabolism is energy efficient, the glycolytic-hypoxic state may serve to maintain cardiac progenitor potential. Consistent with this proposal, the adult epicardium has been shown to contain a reservoir of quiescent cardiac progenitors that are activated in response to heart injury and are hypoxic by comparison to adjacent cardiac tissues. In this review, we discuss the development and potential of the adult epicardium and how this knowledge may provide future therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliqua Sayed
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Valente
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
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44
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Ting S, Lam A, Tong G, Chen A, Wei H, Wu J, Lam YN, Reuveny S, Oh S. Meticulous optimization of cardiomyocyte yields in a 3-stage continuous integrated agitation bioprocess. Stem Cell Res 2018; 31:161-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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45
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Guo X, Xu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Chen J, Wang G, Lu C, Jia W, Xi J, Zhu S, Jiapaer Z, Wan X, Liu Z, Gao S, Kang J. A Linc1405/Eomes Complex Promotes Cardiac Mesoderm Specification and Cardiogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:893-908.e6. [PMID: 29754779 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) play widespread roles in epigenetic regulation during multiple differentiation processes, but little is known about their mode of action in cardiac differentiation. Here, we identified the key roles of a lincRNA, termed linc1405, in modulating the core network of cardiac differentiation by functionally interacting with Eomes. Chromatin- and RNA-immunoprecipitation assays showed that exon 2 of linc1405 physically mediates a complex consisting of Eomes, trithorax group (TrxG) subunit WDR5, and histone acetyltransferase GCN5 binding at the enhancer region of Mesp1 gene and activates its expression during cardiac mesoderm specification of embryonic stem cells. Importantly, linc1405 co-localizes with Eomes, WDR5, and GCN5 at the primitive streak, and linc1405 depletion impairs heart development and function in vivo. In summary, linc1405 mediates a Eomes/WDR5/GCN5 complex that contributes to cardiogenesis, highlighting the critical roles of lincRNA-based complexes in the epigenetic regulation of cardiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Songcheng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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46
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Gibbs BC, Shenje L, Andersen P, Miyamoto M, Kwon C. β1-integrin is a cell-autonomous factor mediating the Numb pathway for cardiac progenitor maintenance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:256-260. [PMID: 29653101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proper control of multipotent/stem cell number and fate is essential for ensuing organ formation during development. β1-integrin, a subfamily of cell surface receptors, has a conserved role in maintenance of multipotent/stem cells, including renal progenitor cells, follicle stem cells, epidermal stem cells and neural stem cells. However, it remains unclear whether β1-integrin has a role in cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) development. Here we show that a mesodermal deletion of β1-integrin decreases Isl1+ cell number in the second pharyngeal arch (PA2), where CPCs undergo renewal and expansion. Mesp1 lineage-specific mosaicism revealed that β1-integrin-deleted Isl1+ cells do not proliferate in the PA2. Consistently, β1-integrin-deleted Isl1+ CPCs failed to expand in vitro, independent of PA2 cells. β1-integrin co-localized and physically associated with Numb, a crucial regulator of CPC renewal and expansion. Importantly, Numb/Numbl-deleted CPCs showed dramatic reduction in β1-integrin levels. These findings suggest that β1-integrin is a key mediator of the Numb pathway in CPC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Gibbs
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lincoln Shenje
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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47
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Nitsch S, Braun F, Ritter S, Scholz M, Schroeder IS. Functional video-based analysis of 3D cardiac structures generated from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:115-124. [PMID: 29655161 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CM) often develop into complex 3D structures that are composed of various cardiac cell types. Conventional methods to study the electrophysiology of cardiac cells are patch clamp and microelectrode array (MEAs) analyses. However, these methods are not suitable to investigate the contractile features of 3D cardiac clusters that detach from the surface of the culture dishes during differentiation. To overcome this problem, we developed a video-based motion detection software relying on the optical flow by Farnebäck that we call cBRA (cardiac beat rate analyzer). The beating characteristics of the differentiated cardiac clusters were calculated based on the local displacement between two subsequent images. Two differentiation protocols, which profoundly differ in the morphology of cardiac clusters generated and in the expression of cardiac markers, were used and the resulting CM were characterized. Despite these differences, beat rates and beating variabilities could be reliably determined using cBRA. Likewise, stimulation of β-adrenoreceptors by isoproterenol could easily be identified in the hESC-derived CM. Since even subtle changes in the beating features are detectable, this method is suitable for high throughput cardiotoxicity screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett Nitsch
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Braun
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Ritter
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Scholz
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Insa S Schroeder
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany.
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48
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Kelly RG, Sperling SR. Diverging roads to the heart. Science 2018; 359:1098-1099. [PMID: 29590027 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille, Campus de Luminy Case 907, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Silke R Sperling
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Cardiogenic programming of human pluripotent stem cells by dose-controlled activation of EOMES. Nat Commun 2018; 9:440. [PMID: 29382828 PMCID: PMC5789885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Master cell fate determinants are thought to induce specific cell lineages in gastrulation by orchestrating entire gene programs. The T-box transcription factor EOMES (eomesodermin) is crucially required for the development of the heart—yet it is equally important for endoderm specification suggesting that it may act in a context-dependent manner. Here, we define an unrecognized interplay between EOMES and the WNT signaling pathway in controlling cardiac induction by using loss and gain-of-function approaches in human embryonic stem cells. Dose-dependent EOMES induction alone can fully replace a cocktail of signaling molecules otherwise essential for the specification of cardiogenic mesoderm. Highly efficient cardiomyocyte programming by EOMES mechanistically involves autocrine activation of canonical WNT signaling via the WNT3 ligand, which necessitates a shutdown of this axis at a subsequent stage. Our findings provide insights into human germ layer induction and bear biotechnological potential for the robust production of cardiomyocytes from engineered stem cells. The T-box transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) acts both in endoderm specification as well as heart development, suggesting context-specific function. Here, the authors show that dose-controlled EOMES induction is sufficient for cardiogenic programming of human pluripotent stem cells.
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50
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(Re-)programming of subtype specific cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:142-167. [PMID: 28916499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) possess a highly restricted intrinsic regenerative potential - a major barrier to the effective treatment of a range of chronic degenerative cardiac disorders characterized by cellular loss and/or irreversible dysfunction and which underlies the majority of deaths in developed countries. Both stem cell programming and direct cell reprogramming hold promise as novel, potentially curative approaches to address this therapeutic challenge. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has introduced a second pluripotent stem cell source besides embryonic stem cells (ESCs), enabling even autologous cardiomyocyte production. In addition, the recent achievement of directly reprogramming somatic cells into cardiomyocytes is likely to become of great importance. In either case, different clinical scenarios will require the generation of highly pure, specific cardiac cellular-subtypes. In this review, we discuss these themes as related to the cardiovascular stem cell and programming field, including a focus on the emergent topic of pacemaker cell generation for the development of biological pacemakers and in vitro drug testing.
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