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Jiang M, Wang N, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Yan X, Zhang H, Li C, Guan Y, Liang B, Zhang W, Wu Y. Insulin receptor isoform B is required for efficient proinsulin processing in pancreatic β cells. iScience 2024; 27:110017. [PMID: 39021804 PMCID: PMC11253548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (INSR, IR) has two isoforms, IRA and IRB, through alternative splicing. However, their distinct functions in vivo remain unclear. Here we generated β cell-specific IRB knockout (KO) mice (βIRBKO). The KO mice displayed worsened hyperinsulinemia and hyperproinsulinemia in diet-induced obesity due to impaired proinsulin processing in β cells. Mechanistically, loss of IRB suppresses eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1) by stabilizing the transcriptional receptor sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Moreover, excessive autocrine proinsulin in βIRBKO mice enhances the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through the remaining IRA to further stabilize nuclear SREBP1, forming a feedback loop. Collectively, our study paves the way to dissecting the isoform-specific function of IR in vivo and highlights the important roles of IRB in insulin processing and protecting β cells from lipotoxicity in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Jiang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, Shandong 265200, China
| | - Xiu Yan
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Chengbin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Liaoning Provence Key Lab of Genome Engineered Animal Models, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
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Ivovic A, Yung JHM, Oprescu AI, Vlavcheski F, Mori Y, Rahman SMN, Ye W, Eversley JA, Wheeler MB, Woo M, Tsiani E, Giacca A. β-Cell Insulin Resistance Plays a Causal Role in Fat-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae044. [PMID: 38578954 PMCID: PMC11033845 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the classical insulin target tissues of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin signaling. Insulin signaling molecules are also present in β-cells where they play a role in β-cell function. Therefore, inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway may be involved in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction. To address the role of β-cell insulin resistance in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction we co-infused bisperoxovanadate (BPV) with oleate or olive oil for 48 hours in rats. BPV, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, acts as an insulin mimetic and is devoid of any antioxidant effect that could prevent β-cell dysfunction, unlike most insulin sensitizers. Following fat infusion, rats either underwent hyperglycemic clamps for assessment of β-cell function in vivo or islets were isolated for ex vivo assessment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We also incubated islets with oleate or palmitate and BPV for in vitro assessment of GSIS and Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Next, mice with β-cell specific deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog; negative regulator of insulin signaling) and littermate controls were infused with oleate for 48 hours, followed by hyperglycemic clamps or ex vivo evaluation of GSIS. In rat experiments, BPV protected against fat-induced impairment of β-cell function in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In mice, β-cell specific deletion of PTEN protected against oleate-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo. These data support the hypothesis that β-cell insulin resistance plays a causal role in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Justin Hou Ming Yung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Anti-Glycation Research Section, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S M Niazur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenyue Ye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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3
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Galal MA, Alouch SS, Alsultan BS, Dahman H, Alyabis NA, Alammar SA, Aljada A. Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Insulin Growth Factor-like Receptors: Implications in Cell Signaling, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15006. [PMID: 37834454 PMCID: PMC10573852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the intricate involvement of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) in the context of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling (IIS) pathway. This elaborate system encompasses ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, giving rise to a wide array of functions, including aspects such as carcinogenesis and chemoresistance. Detailed genetic analysis of IR and IGFR structures highlights their distinct isoforms, which arise from alternative splicing and exhibit diverse affinities for ligands. Notably, the overexpression of the IR-A isoform is linked to cancer stemness, tumor development, and resistance to targeted therapies. Similarly, elevated IGFR expression accelerates tumor progression and fosters chemoresistance. The review underscores the intricate interplay between IRs and IGFRs, contributing to resistance against anti-IGFR drugs. Consequently, the dual targeting of both receptors could present a more effective strategy for surmounting chemoresistance. To conclude, this review brings to light the pivotal roles played by IRs and IGFRs in cellular signaling, carcinogenesis, and therapy resistance. By precisely modulating these receptors and their complex signaling pathways, the potential emerges for developing enhanced anti-cancer interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ahmed Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
| | - Samhar Samer Alouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Buthainah Saad Alsultan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Dahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdullah Alyabis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ammar Alammar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Yu J, Leibiger B, Yang SN, Shears SB, Leibiger IB, Berggren PO, Barker CJ. Multiple Inositol Polyphosphate Phosphatase Compartmentalization Separates Inositol Phosphate Metabolism from Inositol Lipid Signaling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:885. [PMID: 37371464 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (MINPP1) is an enigmatic enzyme that is responsible for the metabolism of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) and inositol 1,3,4,5,6 pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 in mammalian cells, despite being restricted to the confines of the ER. The reason for this compartmentalization is unclear. In our previous studies in the insulin-secreting HIT cell line, we expressed MINPP1 in the cytosol to artificially reduce the concentration of these higher inositol phosphates. Undocumented at the time, we noted cytosolic MINPP1 expression reduced cell growth. We were struck by the similarities in substrate preference between a number of different enzymes that are able to metabolize both inositol phosphates and lipids, notably IPMK and PTEN. MINPP1 was first characterized as a phosphatase that could remove the 3-phosphate from inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4). This molecule shares strong structural homology with the major product of the growth-promoting Phosphatidyl 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and PTEN can degrade both this lipid and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Because of this similar substrate preference, we postulated that the cytosolic version of MINPP1 (cyt-MINPP1) may not only attack inositol polyphosphates but also PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, a key signal in mitogenesis. Our experiments show that expression of cyt-MINPP1 in HIT cells lowers the concentration of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. We conclude this reflects a direct effect of MINPP1 upon the lipid because cyt-MINPP1 actively dephosphorylates synthetic, di(C4:0)PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in vitro. These data illustrate the importance of MINPP1's confinement to the ER whereby important aspects of inositol phosphate metabolism and inositol lipid signaling can be separately regulated and give one important clarification for MINPP1's ER seclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shao-Nian Yang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Shears
- Inositol Signaling Section, NIEHS, 111, Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ingo B Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Barker
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Deng S, Yi P, Xu M, Yi Q, Feng J. Dysfunctional gene splicing in glucose metabolism may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:666-675. [PMID: 35830275 PMCID: PMC10129079 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The glucose metabolism is crucial for sustained brain activity as it provides energy and is a carbon source for multiple biomacromolecules; glucose metabolism decreases dramatically in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a fundamental cause for its development. Recent studies reveal that the alternative splicing events of certain genes effectively regulate several processes in glucose metabolism including insulin receptor, insulin-degrading enzyme, pyruvate kinase M, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, and others, thereby, influencing glucose uptake, glycolysis, and advanced glycation end-products-mediated signaling pathways. Indeed, the discovery of aberrant alternative splicing that changes the proteomic diversity and protein activity in glucose metabolism has been pivotal in our understanding of AD development. In this review, we summarize the alternative splicing events of the glucose metabolism-related genes in AD pathology and highlight the crucial regulatory roles of splicing factors in the alternative splicing process. We also discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches for targeting splicing factors for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Deng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Mingliang Xu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Affiliated Xinhui Hospital, Southern Medical University (People's Hospital of Xinhui District), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529100, China
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6
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Jain C, Bilekova S, Lickert H. Targeting pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1097-1108. [PMID: 36131204 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a life-saving drug for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, even today, no pharmacotherapy can prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells to stop or reverse disease progression. Thus, pancreatic β cells have been a main focus for cell-replacement and regenerative therapies as a curative treatment for diabetes. In this Review, we highlight recent advances toward the development of diabetes therapies that target β cells to enhance proliferation, redifferentiation and protection from cell death and/or enable selective killing of senescent β cells. We describe currently available therapies and their mode of action, as well as insufficiencies of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin therapies. We discuss and summarize data collected over the last decades that support the notion that pharmacological targeting of β cell insulin signalling might protect and/or regenerate β cells as an improved treatment of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Jain
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Bilekova
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of β-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany.
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7
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Webber T, Ronacher K, Conradie-Smit M, Kleynhans L. Interplay Between the Immune and Endocrine Systems in the Lung: Implications for TB Susceptibility. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829355. [PMID: 35273609 PMCID: PMC8901994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the endocrine system on the immune response, especially in the lung, remains poorly understood. Hormones play a crucial role in the development, homeostasis, metabolism, and response to the environment of cells and tissues. Major infectious and metabolic diseases, such as tuberculosis and diabetes, continue to converge, necessitating the development of a clearer understanding of the immune and endocrine interactions that occur in the lung. Research in bacterial respiratory infections is at a critical point, where the limitations in identifying and developing antibiotics is becoming more profound. Hormone receptors on alveolar and immune cells may provide a plethora of targets for host-directed therapy. This review discusses the interactions between the immune and endocrine systems in the lung. We describe hormone receptors currently identified in the lungs, focusing on the effect hormones have on the pulmonary immune response. Altered endocrine responses in the lung affect the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses and play a role in the response to infection in the lung. While some hormones, such as leptin, resistin and lipocalin-2 promote pro-inflammatory responses and immune cell infiltration, others including adiponectin and ghrelin reduce inflammation and promote anti-inflammatory cell responses. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes as a major endocrine disease presents with altered immune responses leading to susceptibility to lung infections, such as tuberculosis. A better understanding of these interactions will expand our knowledge of the mechanisms at play in susceptibility to infectious diseases and may reveal opportunities for the development of host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Webber
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marli Conradie-Smit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Pei J, Wang B, Wang D. Current Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1863429. [PMID: 36589630 PMCID: PMC9803571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1863429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that raises the risk of microvascular and neurological disorders. Insensitivity to insulin is a characteristic of type II diabetes, which accounts for 85-90 percent of all diabetic patients. The fundamental molecular factor of insulin resistance may be impaired cell signal transduction mediated by the insulin receptor (IR). Several cell-signaling proteins, including IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recognized as being important in the impaired insulin signaling pathway since they are associated with a large number of proteins that are strictly regulated and interact with other signaling pathways. Many studies have found a correlation between IR alternative splicing, IRS gene polymorphism, the complicated regulatory function of IRS serine/threonine phosphorylation, and the negative regulatory role of p85 in insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This review brings up-to-date knowledge of the roles of signaling proteins in insulin resistance in order to aid in the discovery of prospective targets for insulin resistance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Pei
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Baochun Wang
- The First Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
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9
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Angelidi AM, Filippaios A, Mantzoros CS. Severe insulin resistance syndromes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142245. [PMID: 33586681 DOI: 10.1172/jci142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe insulin resistance syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by profound insulin resistance, substantial metabolic abnormalities, and a variety of clinical manifestations and complications. The etiology of these syndromes may be hereditary or acquired, due to defects in insulin potency and action, cellular responsiveness to insulin, and/or aberrations in adipose tissue function or development. Over the past decades, advances in medical technology, particularly in genomic technologies and genetic analyses, have provided insights into the underlying pathophysiological pathways and facilitated the more precise identification of several of these conditions. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance have not yet been fully elucidated for all syndromes. Moreover, in clinical practice, many of the syndromes are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. The majority of these disorders associate with an increased risk of severe complications and mortality; thus, early identification and personalized clinical management are of the essence. This Review aims to categorize severe insulin resistance syndromes by disease process, including insulin receptor defects, signaling defects, and lipodystrophies. We also highlight several complex syndromes and emphasize the need to identify patients, investigate underlying disease mechanisms, and develop specific treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Moruzzi N, Lazzeri-Barcelo F, Valladolid-Acebes I, Moede T, Paschen M, Leibiger B, Berggren PO, Leibiger IB. Tissue-specific expression of insulin receptor isoforms in obesity/type 2 diabetes mouse models. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4800-4813. [PMID: 33742502 PMCID: PMC8107091 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The two insulin receptor (IR) isoforms IR‐A and IR‐B are responsible for the pleiotropic actions of insulin and insulin‐like growth factors. Consequently, changes in IR isoform expression and in the bioavailability of their ligands will impact on IR‐mediated functions. Although alteration of IR isoform expression has been linked to insulin resistance, knowledge of IR isoform expression and mechanisms underlying tissue/cell‐type‐specific changes in metabolic disease are lacking. Using mouse models of obesity/diabetes and measuring the mRNA of the IR isoforms and mRNA/protein levels of total IR, we provide a data set of IR isoform expression pattern that documents changes in a tissue‐dependent manner. Combining tissue fractionation and a new in situ mRNA hybridization technology to visualize the IR isoforms at cellular resolution, we explored the mechanism underlying the change in IR isoform expression in perigonadal adipose tissue, which is mainly caused by tissue remodelling, rather than by a shift in IR alternative splicing in a particular cell type, e.g. adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Moruzzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Lazzeri-Barcelo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo Moede
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Paschen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Leibiger
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo B Leibiger
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Wu P, Zhang M, Webster NJG. Alternative RNA Splicing in Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:613213. [PMID: 33716968 PMCID: PMC7953061 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.613213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is a process by which introns are removed and exons are assembled to construct different RNA transcript isoforms from a single pre-mRNA. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between dysregulation of RNA splicing and a number of clinical syndromes, but the generality to common disease has not been established. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review we focus on the change in alternative RNA splicing in fatty liver disease and the role for splicing regulation in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyisha Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Moya Zhang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas J. G. Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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12
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Influence of Cannabinoid Receptor Deficiency on Parameters Involved in Blood Glucose Regulation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093168. [PMID: 32365865 PMCID: PMC7246639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are known to influence hormone secretion of pancreatic islets via G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2). The present study was designed to further investigate the impact of cannabinoid receptors on the parameters involved in insulin secretion and blood glucose recognition. To this end, CB1 and CB2 receptor knockout mice (10–12 week old, both sexes) were characterised at basal state and compared to wild-type mice. The elimination of cannabinoid receptor signalling resulted in alterations of blood glucose concentrations, body weights and insulin levels. Changes were dependent on the deleted receptor type and on the sex. Analyses at mRNA and protein levels provided evidence for the impact of cannabinoid receptor deficiency on the glucose sensing apparatus in the pancreas. Both receptor knockout mouse lines showed decreased mRNA and protein amounts of glucose transporters Glut1 and Glut2, combined with alterations in immunostaining. In addition, pancreatic glucokinase expression was elevated and immunohistochemical labelling was modified in the pancreatic islets. Taken together, CB1 and CB2 signalling pathways seem to influence glucose sensing in β-cells by affecting glucose transporters and glucokinase. These alterations were more pronounced in CB2 knockout mice, resulting in higher blood glucose and lower plasma insulin levels.
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13
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Rachdaoui N. Insulin: The Friend and the Foe in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051770. [PMID: 32150819 PMCID: PMC7084909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, has a primary function of maintaining glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies in β-cell insulin secretion result in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders characterized by high levels of blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the presence of peripheral insulin resistance in tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and develops when β-cells fail to compensate for the peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance triggers a rise in insulin demand and leads to β-cell compensation by increasing both β-cell mass and insulin secretion and leads to the development of hyperinsulinemia. In a vicious cycle, hyperinsulinemia exacerbates the metabolic dysregulations that lead to β-cell failure and the development of T2DM. Insulin and IGF-1 signaling pathways play critical roles in maintaining the differentiated phenotype of β-cells. The autocrine actions of secreted insulin on β-cells is still controversial; work by us and others has shown positive and negative actions by insulin on β-cells. We discuss findings that support the concept of an autocrine action of secreted insulin on β-cells. The hypothesis of whether, during the development of T2DM, secreted insulin initially acts as a friend and contributes to β-cell compensation and then, at a later stage, becomes a foe and contributes to β-cell decompensation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Rachdaoui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Room 108, Foran Hall, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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14
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Oakie A, Zhou L, Rivers S, Cheung C, Li J, Wang R. Postnatal knockout of beta cell insulin receptor impaired insulin secretion in male mice exposed to high-fat diet stress. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110588. [PMID: 31541682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of insulin receptor (IR) on insulin-secreting beta cells suggests an autocrine regulatory role for insulin in its own signalling. Congenital beta cell-specific IR knockout (βIRKO) mouse studies have demonstrated the development of age-dependent glucose intolerance. We investigated the role of beta cell IR signalling specifically during postnatal life following undisturbed prenatal pancreatic development and maturation. We utilized a tamoxifen-inducible mouse insulin 1 promoter (MIP) driven Cre recombinase IR knockout mouse model (MIP-βIRKO) to achieve partial knockout of IR in islets and determine the functional role of beta cell IR in adult mice fed a control normal diet (ND) or 60% high-fat diet (HFD). At 24 weeks of age, MIP-βIRKO ND mice maintained glucose tolerance, insulin release, and unchanged beta cell mass when compared to control ND mice. In contrast, 24-week-old MIP-βIRKO mice demonstrated significant glucose intolerance and lower insulin release after 18 weeks of HFD feeding. A reduction in beta cell soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein expression, phosphorylated AktS473 and P70S6K1T389, and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expression were also identified in MIP-βIRKO HFD islets. Overall, the postnatal knockout of beta cell IR in HFD-fed mice resulted in decreased expression of beta cell glucose-sensing and exocytotic proteins and a reduction in intracellular signalling. These findings highlight that IR expression in the adult islet is required to maintain beta cell function under hyperglycemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Oakie
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Liangyi Zhou
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Sydney Rivers
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Christy Cheung
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Jinming Li
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Rennian Wang
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.
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15
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Elhassan SAM, Candasamy M, Ching TS, Heng YK, Bhattamisra SK. Effect of madecassoside and catalpol in amelioration of insulin sensitivity in pancreatic (INS-1E) β-cell line. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4627-4631. [PMID: 31797687 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1696794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has emerged as global burden disease. Herbal drugs with antidiabetic activities are attracting the attention. Madecassoside and catalpol are herbal compounds having strong antioxidant and glucose lowering activity. Madecassoside and catalpol were investigated for their effect on insulin sensitivity using pancreatic INS-1E cells. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated by MTT assay. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and expression of insulin signalling proteins were studied in presence of madecassoside and catalpol. Results revealed that madecassoside and catalpol enhanced the GSIS without cytotoxic effect. Madecassoside (30 µM) and catalpol (40 µM) increased the insulin secretion in response to high glucose (16.7 mM) stimulation. Subsequently, madecassoside and catalpol showed elevated expression of p-IRS-1, Akt, and p-Akt proteins. Madecassoside and catalpol after 24 h of incubation in pancreatic INS-1E cells with high glucose concentration (30 mM) ameliorated the insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tan Swee Ching
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yap Kah Heng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Abstract
Primary cilia project in a single copy from the surface of most vertebrate cell types; they detect and transmit extracellular cues to regulate diverse cellular processes during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis. The sensory capacity of primary cilia relies on the coordinated trafficking and temporal localization of specific receptors and associated signal transduction modules in the cilium. The canonical Hedgehog (HH) pathway, for example, is a bona fide ciliary signalling system that regulates cell fate and self-renewal in development and tissue homeostasis. Specific receptors and associated signal transduction proteins can also localize to primary cilia in a cell type-dependent manner; available evidence suggests that the ciliary constellation of these proteins can temporally change to allow the cell to adapt to specific developmental and homeostatic cues. Consistent with important roles for primary cilia in signalling, mutations that lead to their dysfunction underlie a pleiotropic group of diseases and syndromic disorders termed ciliopathies, which affect many different tissues and organs of the body. In this Review, we highlight central mechanisms by which primary cilia coordinate HH, G protein-coupled receptor, WNT, receptor tyrosine kinase and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling and illustrate how defects in the balanced output of ciliary signalling events are coupled to developmental disorders and disease progression.
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17
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Holly JMP, Biernacka K, Perks CM. The Neglected Insulin: IGF-II, a Metabolic Regulator with Implications for Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101207. [PMID: 31590432 PMCID: PMC6829378 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When originally discovered, one of the initial observations was that, when all of the insulin peptide was depleted from serum, the vast majority of the insulin activity remained and this was due to a single additional peptide, IGF-II. The IGF-II gene is adjacent to the insulin gene, which is a result of gene duplication, but has evolved to be considerably more complicated. It was one of the first genes recognised to be imprinted and expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. The gene codes for IGF-II mRNA, but, in addition, also codes for antisense RNA, long non-coding RNA, and several micro RNA. Recent evidence suggests that each of these have important independent roles in metabolic regulation. It has also become clear that an alternatively spliced form of the insulin receptor may be the principle IGF-II receptor. These recent discoveries have important implications for metabolic disorders and also for cancer, for which there is renewed acknowledgement of the importance of metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M P Holly
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - Kalina Biernacka
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Claire M Perks
- Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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18
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Vella V, Malaguarnera R, Nicolosi ML, Morrione A, Belfiore A. Insulin/IGF signaling and discoidin domain receptors: An emerging functional connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118522. [PMID: 31394114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor system (IIGFs) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of prenatal and postnatal growth, metabolism and homeostasis. As a consequence, dysregulation of this axis is associated with growth disturbance, type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation and tumor progression. A functional crosstalk between IIGFs and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) has been recently discovered. DDRs are non-integrin collagen receptors that canonically undergo slow and long-lasting autophosphorylation after binding to fibrillar collagen. While both DDR1 and DDR2 functionally interact with IIGFs, the crosstalk with DDR1 is so far better characterized. Notably, the IIGFs-DDR1 crosstalk presents a feed-forward mechanism, which does not require collagen binding, thus identifying novel non-canonical action of DDR1. Further studies are needed to fully explore the role of this IIGFs-DDRs functional loop as potential target in the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vella
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy.
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19
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Mitrofanova A, Mallela SK, Ducasa GM, Yoo TH, Rosenfeld-Gur E, Zelnik ID, Molina J, Varona Santos J, Ge M, Sloan A, Kim JJ, Pedigo C, Bryn J, Volosenco I, Faul C, Zeidan YH, Garcia Hernandez C, Mendez AJ, Leibiger I, Burke GW, Futerman AH, Barisoni L, Ishimoto Y, Inagi R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. SMPDL3b modulates insulin receptor signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2692. [PMID: 31217420 PMCID: PMC6584700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3b) is a lipid raft enzyme that regulates plasma membrane (PM) fluidity. Here we report that SMPDL3b excess, as observed in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), impairs insulin receptor isoform B-dependent pro-survival insulin signaling by interfering with insulin receptor isoforms binding to caveolin-1 in the PM. SMPDL3b excess affects the production of active sphingolipids resulting in decreased ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) content as observed in human podocytes in vitro and in kidney cortexes of diabetic db/db mice in vivo. Podocyte-specific Smpdl3b deficiency in db/db mice is sufficient to restore kidney cortex C1P content and to protect from DKD. Exogenous administration of C1P restores IR signaling in vitro and prevents established DKD progression in vivo. Taken together, we identify SMPDL3b as a modulator of insulin signaling and demonstrate that supplementation with exogenous C1P may represent a lipid therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic complications such as DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - S K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - G M Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - T H Yoo
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - E Rosenfeld-Gur
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - I D Zelnik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - J Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - J Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - M Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - J J Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - C Pedigo
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06510, CT, USA
| | - J Bryn
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - I Volosenco
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Lewis Gale Medical Center, Salem, 24153, VI, USA
| | - C Faul
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Y H Zeidan
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - C Garcia Hernandez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - I Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - G W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - L Barisoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - Y Ishimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - R Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - S Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA
| | - A Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, 33136, FL, USA.
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20
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E4orf1 protein reduces the need for endogenous insulin. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 31127081 PMCID: PMC6534626 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background E4orf1 protein derived from adenovirus-36 reduces glucose excursion in mice, and lowers endogenous insulin response, suggesting a reduced need for insulin. We tested if the E4orf1-mediated lowering of insulin response is due to increased tissue sensitivity to insulin, reduced ability to produce or release insulin, or a reduced need for insulin release. Methods Experiment 1: hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps (HEC) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were performed in high fat fed transgenic mice expressing E4orf1 or non-transgenic littermates (n = 12 each), for 4 weeks. Experiments 2, 3, and 4: E4orf1 or null vectors were expressed in rat-pancreatic β-cell line (INS-1) for 72 h, and cells were exposed to varying levels of glucose. Cell lysates and media were collected. Experiment 5: 3T3L1-preadipocytes that express E4orf1 upon doxycycline induction, or null vector were induced with doxycycline and then exposed to protein transport inhibitor. Supernatant and cell lysate were collected. Experiment 6: 3T3L1-preadipocytes that express E4orf1 upon doxycycline induction, or null vector were co-cultured with INS-1 cells for 24 h. Media was collected. Results Experiment 1: E4orf1 transgenic mice cleared glucose faster compared to non-transgenic mice during GTT. HEC showed that E4orf1 did not alter tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin in mice. Experiments 2, 3, and 4: in INS1 cells, E4orf1 did not alter Glut2 abundance or Akt activation, suggesting no reduction in glucose sensing or insulin synthesis, respectively. E4orf1 did not influence glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in media by INS1 cells. Experiment 5: E4orf1 was present in cell lysate, but not in media, indicating it is not a secretory protein. Experiment 6: INS1 cells released less insulin in media when co-cultured in the presence of E4orf1-expressing 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusions Our studies support the working hypothesis that the E4orf1-mediated lowering of insulin response is not due to increased tissue sensitivity to insulin, or reduced ability to produce or release insulin, but likely to be due to a reduced need for insulin release.
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21
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Benabou E, Salamé Z, Wendum D, Lequoy M, Tahraoui S, Merabtene F, Chrétien Y, Scatton O, Rosmorduc O, Fouassier L, Fartoux L, Praz F, Desbois-Mouthon C. Insulin receptor isoform A favors tumor progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing stem/progenitor cell features. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:155-168. [PMID: 30849481 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly neoplasms. Insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms, IR-A and IR-B, the latter being predominantly expressed in normal adult hepatocytes while IR-A is overexpressed in HCC to the detriment of IR-B. This study evaluated the biological functions associated with IR-A overexpression in HCC in relation to expression of its ligand IGF-II. The value of INSRA:INSRB ratio which was increased in ˜70% of 85 HCC was associated with stem/progenitor cell features such as cytokeratin-19 and α-fetoprotein and correlated with shorter patient survival. IGF2 mRNA upregulation was observed in 9.4% of HCC and was not associated with higher INSRA:INSRB ratios. Ectopic overexpression of IR-A in two HCC cell lines presenting a strong autocrine IGF-II secretion loop or not stimulated cell migration and invasion. In cells cultured as spheroids, IR-A overexpression promoted gene programs related to stemness, inflammation and cell movement. IR-A also increased cell line tumorigenicity in vivo after injection to immunosuppressed mice and the sphere-forming cells made a significant contribution to this effect. Altogether, these results demonstrate that IR-A is a novel player in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Benabou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Zeina Salamé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France; AP-HP, Saint-Antoine HCospital, Department of Pathology, F-75012, Paris, France; Histomorphology Platform, UMS 30 Lumic, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lequoy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France; AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Department of Hepatology, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Tahraoui
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Yves Chrétien
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rosmorduc
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Department of Hepatology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France; AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Department of Hepatology, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Praz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
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22
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The Emerging Role of Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Implications and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123814. [PMID: 30513575 PMCID: PMC6321330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine tumor. Although the majority of TCs show good prognoses, a minor proportion are aggressive and refractory to conventional therapies. So far, the molecular mechanisms underlying TC pathogenesis are incompletely understood. Evidence suggests that TC cells and their precursors are responsive to insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and often overexpress receptors for insulin (IR) and IGF-1 (IGF-1R). IR exists in two isoforms, namely IR-A and IR-B. The first binds insulin and IGF-2, unlike IR-B, which only binds insulin. IR-A is preferentially expressed in prenatal life and contributes to development through IGF-2 action. Aggressive TC overexpresses IR-A, IGF-2, and IGF-1R. The over-activation of IR-A/IGF-2 loop in TC is associated with stem-like features and refractoriness to some targeted therapies. Importantly, both IR isoforms crosstalk with IGF-1R, giving rise to the formation of hybrids receptors (HR-A or HR-B). Other interactions have been demonstrated with other molecules such as the non-integrin collagen receptor, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and the receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Met. These functional networks provide mechanisms for IR signaling diversification, which may also exert a role in TC stem cell biology, thereby contributing to TC initiation and progression. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which deregulated IR isoforms and their crosstalk with other molecules and signaling pathways in TC cells and their precursors may contribute to thyroid carcinogenesis, progression, and resistance to conventional treatments. We also highlight how targeting these alterations starting from TC progenitors cells may represent new therapeutic strategies to improve the clinical management of advanced TCs.
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Paschen M, Moede T, Valladolid-Acebes I, Leibiger B, Moruzzi N, Jacob S, García-Prieto CF, Brismar K, Leibiger IB, Berggren PO. Diet-induced β-cell insulin resistance results in reversible loss of functional β-cell mass. FASEB J 2018; 33:204-218. [PMID: 29957055 PMCID: PMC6355083 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although convincing in genetic models, the relevance of β-cell insulin resistance in diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear. Exemplified by diabetes-prone, male, C57B1/6J mice being fed different combinations of Western-style diet, we show that β-cell insulin resistance occurs early during T2DM progression and is due to a combination of lipotoxicity and increased β-cell workload. Within 8 wk of being fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, mice became obese, developed impaired insulin and glucose tolerances, and displayed noncompensatory insulin release, due, at least in part, to reduced expression of syntaxin-1A. Through reporter islets transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye, we demonstrated a concomitant loss of functional β-cell mass. When mice were changed from diabetogenic diet to normal chow diet, the diabetes phenotype was reversed, suggesting a remarkable plasticity of functional β-cell mass in the early phase of T2DM development. Our data reinforce the relevance of diet composition as an environmental factor determining different routes of diabetes progression in a given genetic background. Employing the in vivo reporter islet–monitoring approach will allow researchers to define key times in the dynamics of reversible loss of functional β-cell mass and, thus, to investigate the underlying, molecular mechanisms involved in the progression toward T2DM manifestation.—Paschen, M., Moede, T., Valladolid-Acebes, I., Leibiger, B., Moruzzi, N., Jacob, S., García-Prieto, C. F., Brismar, K., Leibiger, I. B., Berggren, P.-O. Diet-induced β-cell insulin resistance results in reversible loss of functional β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Paschen
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo Moede
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah Moruzzi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jacob
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Concha F García-Prieto
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingo B Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Meakin PJ, Mezzapesa A, Benabou E, Haas ME, Bonardo B, Grino M, Brunel JM, Desbois-Mouthon C, Biddinger SB, Govers R, Ashford MLJ, Peiretti F. The beta secretase BACE1 regulates the expression of insulin receptor in the liver. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1306. [PMID: 29610518 PMCID: PMC5880807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) plays a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis; however, the regulation of its cellular expression remains poorly understood. Here we show that the amount of biologically active IR is regulated by the cleavage of its ectodomain, by the β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. In vivo studies demonstrate that BACE1 regulates the amount of IR and insulin signaling in the liver. During diabetes, BACE1-dependent cleavage of IR is increased and the amount of IR in the liver is reduced, whereas infusion of a BACE1 inhibitor partially restores liver IR. We suggest the potential use of BACE1 inhibitors to enhance insulin signaling during diabetes. Additionally, we show that plasma levels of cleaved IR reflect IR isoform A expression levels in liver tumors, which prompts us to propose that the measurement of circulating cleaved IR may assist hepatic cancer detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Meakin
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD19SY, UK
| | - Anna Mezzapesa
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Eva Benabou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mary E Haas
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Michel Grino
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, CRCM, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, 13385, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Center, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sudha B Biddinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Roland Govers
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, DD19SY, UK
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13385, Marseille, France.
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25
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Identification of Insulin Receptor Splice Variant B in Neurons by in situ Detection in Human Brain Samples. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4070. [PMID: 29511314 PMCID: PMC5840297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and its receptor are widely expressed in a variety of tissues throughout the body including liver, adipose tissue, liver and brain. The insulin receptor is expressed as two functionally distinct isoforms, differentiated by a single 12 amino acid exon. The two receptor isoforms, designated IR/A and IR/B, are expressed in a highly tissue and cell specific manner and relative proportions of the different isoforms vary during development, aging and disease states. The high degree of similarity between the two isoforms has prevented detailed studies as differentiation of the two isoforms by traditional immunological methods cannot be achieved. We describe here a new in situ RT-PCR/ FISH assay that allows for the visualization of IR/A and IR/B in tissue along with tissue specific markers. We used this new method to show for the first time that IR/A and IR/B are both expressed in neurons in the adult human brain. Thus, we present a method that enables the investigation of IR/A and IR/B insulin receptor isoform expression in situ in various tissues.
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26
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Rorsman P, Ashcroft FM. Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:117-214. [PMID: 29212789 PMCID: PMC5866358 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion results in the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which currently afflicts >450 million people worldwide. The healthy β-cell acts as a glucose sensor matching its output to the circulating glucose concentration. It does so via metabolically induced changes in electrical activity, which culminate in an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and initiation of Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the β-cell transcriptome, electrical activity, and insulin exocytosis. We highlight salient differences between mouse and human β-cells, provide models of how the different ion channels contribute to their electrical activity and insulin secretion, and conclude by discussing how these processes become perturbed in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, Göteborg, Sweden; and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Metabolic Research Unit, Göteborg, Sweden; and Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Defferrari MS, Da Silva SR, Orchard I, Lange AB. A Rhodnius prolixus Insulin Receptor and Its Conserved Intracellular Signaling Pathway and Regulation of Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 30574120 PMCID: PMC6291494 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin signaling pathway is a modulator of metabolism in insects and can regulate functions associated with growth and development, as well as lipid and carbohydrate balance. We have previously reported the presence of an insulin-like peptide and an insulin-like growth factor in Rhodnius prolixus, which are involved in the homeostasis of lipids and carbohydrates in post-feeding and non-feeding periods. In the present study, we have characterized the first insulin receptor (IR) to be discovered in R. prolixus, Rhopr-IR, and investigated its intracellular signaling cascade and its role in nutrient control. We identified a candidate protein sequence within R. prolixus putative peptidome and predicted its conserved features using bioinformatics. Tissue-specific expression analyses indicated that the Rhopr-IR transcript is differentially-expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest values observed in the central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of insects with the IR kinase activator BpV(phen), glucose, or porcine insulin resulted in the activation of protein phosphorylation in the fat body, and stimulated the phosphorylation of protein kinase Akt, an evolutionarily conserved key regulator of the intracellular insulin signaling cascade. We also observed activation of Akt and phosphorylation of its downstream targets glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) and the transcription factor FOXO for several days following a blood meal. We used dsRNA to knockdown transcript expression and examined the resulting effects on metabolism and intracellular signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of the Rhopr-IR transcript increased lipid levels in the hemolymph, while reducing lipid content in the fat body. Interestingly, the levels of carbohydrates in the hemolymph and in the fat body did not show any alterations. The activation of Akt and phosphorylation of FOXO were also reduced in knockdown insects, while the phosphorylation pattern of GSK3β did not change. Our results support the identification of the first IR in R. prolixus and suggest that Rhopr-IR signaling is involved in hemolymph nutrient homeostasis and fat body storage both in post-feeding and in non-feeding stages. These metabolic effects are likely regulated by the activation of Akt and downstream cascades similar to mammalian insulin signaling pathways.
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28
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Rajasekaran SS, Illies C, Shears SB, Wang H, Ayala TS, Martins JO, Daré E, Berggren PO, Barker CJ. Protein kinase- and lipase inhibitors of inositide metabolism deplete IP 7 indirectly in pancreatic β-cells: Off-target effects on cellular bioenergetics and direct effects on IP6K activity. Cell Signal 2017; 42:127-133. [PMID: 29042286 PMCID: PMC5765549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates have emerged as important regulators of many critical cellular processes from vesicle trafficking and cytoskeletal rearrangement to telomere length regulation and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that 5-di-phosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, IP7, is at a high level in pancreatic β-cells and is important for insulin exocytosis. To better understand IP7 regulation in β-cells, we used an insulin secreting cell line, HIT-T15, to screen a number of different pharmacological inhibitors of inositide metabolism for their impact on cellular IP7. Although the inhibitors have diverse targets, they all perturbed IP7 levels. This made us suspicious that indirect, off-target effects of the inhibitors could be involved. It is known that IP7 levels are decreased by metabolic poisons. The fact that the inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) have a high Km for ATP makes IP7 synthesis potentially vulnerable to ATP depletion. Furthermore, many kinase inhibitors are targeted to the ATP binding site of kinases, but given the similarity of such sites, high specificity is difficult to achieve. Here, we show that IP7 concentrations in HIT-T15 cells were reduced by inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin, LY294002), PI4K (Phenylarsine Oxide, PAO), PLC (U73122) and the insulin receptor (HNMPA). Each of these inhibitors also decreased the ATP/ADP ratio. Thus reagents that compromise energy metabolism reduce IP7 indirectly. Additionally, PAO, U73122 and LY294002 also directly inhibited the activity of purified IP6K. These data are of particular concern for those studying signal transduction in pancreatic β-cells, but also highlight the fact that employment of these inhibitors could have erroneously suggested the involvement of key signal transduction pathways in various cellular processes. Conversely, IP7’s role in cellular signal transduction is likely to have been underestimated. In pancreatic β-cells several inhibitors of signal transduction reduce IP7 levels. There is a positive correlation between IP7 reduction and decrease in ATP/ADP. Inhibitors deplete IP7 levels indirectly by decreasing ATP/ADP levels. Some purportedly specific cell-signaling inhibitors directly target IP6K activity. Caution is required in interpreting data obtained using inhibitors of inositide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subu Surendran Rajasekaran
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Illies
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Shears
- Signal Transduction Laboratory/Inositol Signaling Group, NIEHS, Building 101, Room F239, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Huanchen Wang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory/Inositol Signaling Group, NIEHS, Building 101, Room F239, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Thais S Ayala
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joilson O Martins
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Daré
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christopher J Barker
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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29
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Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
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30
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Liefers-Visser JAL, Meijering RAM, Reyners AKL, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S. IGF system targeted therapy: Therapeutic opportunities for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:90-99. [PMID: 28934637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system comprises multiple growth factor receptors, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor (IR) -A and -B. These receptors are activated upon binding to their respective growth factor ligands, IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin, and play an important role in development, maintenance, progression, survival and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer. In many pre-clinical studies anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies proved effective in reducing growth of ovarian cancer models. In addition, anti-IGF-1R targeted strategies potentiated the efficacy of platinum based chemotherapy. Despite the vast amount of encouraging and promising pre-clinical data, anti-IGF-1R/IR targeted strategies lacked efficacy in the clinic. The question is whether targeting the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway still holds therapeutic potential. In this review we address the complexity of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway, including receptor heterodimerization within and outside the IGF system and downstream signaling. Further, we discuss the implications of this complexity on current targeted strategies and indicate therapeutic opportunities for successful targeting of the IGF-1R/IR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. Multiple-targeted approaches circumventing bidirectional receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) compensation and prevention of system rewiring are expected to have more therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Liefers-Visser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R A M Meijering
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A K L Reyners
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A G J van der Zee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S de Jong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Niaz K, Hassan FI, Mabqool F, Khan F, Momtaz S, Baeeri M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Rahimifard M, Abdollahi M. Effect of styrene exposure on plasma parameters, molecular mechanisms and gene expression in rat model islet cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:62-73. [PMID: 28688303 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound present in the environment and have primary exposure through plastic industry. The current study was designed to evaluate styrene-induced toxicity parameters in rat plasma fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, oral glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in cellular and molecular levels. Styrene was dissolved in corn oil and administered at different doses (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000mg/kg/day and control) to each rat, for 42days. In treated groups, styrene significantly increased fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin (p<0.001) and glucose tolerance. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia were found to be the main consequences correlating gene expression of islet cells. Styrene caused a significant enhancement of oxidative stress markers (p<0.001) and inflammatory cytokines in a dose and concentration-dependent manner in plasma (p<0.001). Moreover, the activities of caspase-3 and -9 of the islet cells were significantly up-regulated by this compound at 1500 and 2000mg/kg/day styrene administrated groups (p<0.001). The relative fold change of GLUD1 was downregulated (p<0.05) and upregulated at 1500 and 2000mg/kg, respectively (p<0.01). The relative fold changes of GLUT2 were down regulated at 250 and 1000mg/kg and up regulated in 500, 1500 and 2000mg/kg doses of styrene (p<0.01). The expression level of GCK indicated a significant upregulation at 250mg/kg and downregulation of relative fold changes in the remaining doses of styrene, except for no change at 2000mg/kg of styrene for GCK. Targeting genes (GLUD1, GLUT2 and GCK) of the pancreatic islet cells in styrene exposed groups, disrupted gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis pathways and insulin secretory functions. The present study illustrated that fasting blood glucose, insulin pathway, oxidative balance, inflammatory cytokines, cell viability and responsible genes of glucose metabolism are susceptible to styrene, which consequently lead to other abnormalities in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Mabqool
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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Molecular regulation of insulin granule biogenesis and exocytosis. Biochem J 2017; 473:2737-56. [PMID: 27621482 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in early disease stages but a relative insulin insufficiency in later stages. Insulin, a peptide hormone, is produced in and secreted from pancreatic β-cells following elevated blood glucose levels. Upon its release, insulin induces the removal of excessive exogenous glucose from the bloodstream primarily by stimulating glucose uptake into insulin-dependent tissues as well as promoting hepatic glycogenesis. Given the increasing prevalence of T2DM worldwide, elucidating the underlying mechanisms and identifying the various players involved in the synthesis and exocytosis of insulin from β-cells is of utmost importance. This review summarizes our current understanding of the route insulin takes through the cell after its synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as our knowledge of the highly elaborate network that controls insulin release from the β-cell. This network harbors potential targets for anti-diabetic drugs and is regulated by signaling cascades from several endocrine systems.
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Escribano O, Beneit N, Rubio-Longás C, López-Pastor AR, Gómez-Hernández A. The Role of Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Diabetes and Its Metabolic and Vascular Complications. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1403206. [PMID: 29201918 PMCID: PMC5671728 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1403206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) presents by alternative splicing two isoforms: IRA and IRB. The differential physiological and pathological role of both isoforms is not completely known, and it is determinant the different binding affinity for insulin-like growth factor. IRB is more abundant in adult tissues and it exerts mainly the metabolic actions of insulin, whereas IRA is mainly expressed in fetal and prenatal period and exerts mitogenic actions. However, the change in the expression profile of both IR isoforms and its dysregulation are associated with the development of different pathologies, such as cancer, insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In some of them, there is a significant increase of IRA/IRB ratio conferring a proliferative and migratory advantage to different cell types and favouring IGF-II actions with a sustained detriment in the metabolic effects of insulin. This review discussed specifically the role of IR isoforms as well as IGF-IR in diabetes and its associated complications as obesity and atherosclerosis. Future research with new IR modulators might be considered as possible targets to improve the treatment of diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Rubio-Longás
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. R. López-Pastor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Gralle M. The neuronal insulin receptor in its environment. J Neurochem 2016; 140:359-367. [PMID: 27889917 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is known mainly for its effects in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue, where the activation of the insulin receptor (IR) has both short-term and long-term effects. Insulin and the IR are also present in the brain, and since there is evidence that neuronal insulin signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and that it is impaired in disease, this pathway might be the key to protection or reversal of symptoms, especially in Alzheimer's disease. However, there are controversies about the importance of the neuronal IR, partly because biophysical data on its activation and signaling are much less complete than for the peripheral IR. This review briefly summarizes the neuronal IR signaling in health and disease, and then focuses on known differences between the neuronal and peripheral IR with regard to alternative splicing and glycosylation, and lack of data with respect to phosphorylation and membrane subdomain localization. Particularities in the neuronal IR itself and its environment may have consequences for downstream signaling and impact synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, establishing the relative importance of insulin signaling through IR or through hybrids with its homolog, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, is crucial for evaluating the consequences of brain IR activation. An improved biophysical understanding of the neuronal IR may help predict the consequences of insulin-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gralle
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Diaz-Castroverde S, Baos S, Luque M, Di Scala M, González-Aseguinolaza G, Gómez-Hernández A, Beneit N, Escribano O, Benito M. Prevalent role of the insulin receptor isoform A in the regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes and in mice. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2702-2710. [PMID: 27600278 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In the postprandial state, the liver regulates glucose homeostasis by glucose uptake and conversion to glycogen and lipids. Glucose and insulin signalling finely regulate glycogen synthesis through several mechanisms. Glucose uptake in hepatocytes is favoured by the insulin receptor isoform A (IRA), rather than isoform B (IRB). Thus, we hypothesised that, in hepatocytes, IRA would increase glycogen synthesis by promoting glucose uptake and glycogen storage. METHODS We addressed the role of insulin receptor isoforms on glycogen metabolism in vitro in immortalised neonatal hepatocytes. In vivo, IRA or IRB were specifically expressed in the liver using adeno-associated virus vectors in inducible liver insulin receptor knockout (iLIRKO) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. The role of IR isoforms in glycogen synthesis and storage in iLIRKO was subsequently investigated. RESULTS In immortalised hepatocytes, IRA, but not IRB expression induced an increase in insulin signalling that was associated with elevated glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase activity and glycogen storage. Similarly, elevated IRA, but not IRB expression in the livers of iLIRKO mice induced an increase in glycogen content. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide new insight into the role of IRA in the regulation of glycogen metabolism in cultured hepatocytes and in the livers of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Our data strongly suggest that IRA is more efficient than IRB at promoting glycogen synthesis and storage. Therefore, we suggest that IRA expression in the liver could provide an interesting therapeutic approach for the regulation of hepatic glucose content and glycogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabela Diaz-Castroverde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR) Consortium, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Selene Baos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marianna Di Scala
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Oscar Escribano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR) Consortium, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, .
| | - Manuel Benito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance (MOIR) Consortium, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
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van Beijnum JR, Pieters W, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Griffioen AW. Insulin-like growth factor axis targeting in cancer and tumour angiogenesis - the missing link. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1755-1768. [PMID: 27779364 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecular players in the process of tumour angiogenesis have been shown to offer potential for therapeutic targeting. Initially denoted to be involved in malignant transformation and tumour progression, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling axis has been subject to therapeutic interference, albeit with limited clinical success. More recently, IGFs and their receptors have received attention for their contribution to tumour angiogenesis, which offers novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we review the contribution of this signalling axis to tumour angiogenesis, the mechanisms of resistance to therapy and the interplay with other pro-angiogenic pathways, to offer insight in the renewed interest in the application of IGF axis targeting agents in anti-cancer combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietske Pieters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Angiogenesis Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Insulin receptor alternative splicing is regulated by insulin signaling and modulates beta cell survival. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31222. [PMID: 27526875 PMCID: PMC4985653 DOI: 10.1038/srep31222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) affects more than 300 million people worldwide. One of the hallmarks of T2DM is peripheral insulin resistance, in part due to unproductive insulin signaling through the insulin receptor. The insulin receptor (INSR) exists as two isoforms, INSR-A and INSR-B, which results from skipping or inclusion of exon 11 respectively. What determines the relative abundance of the different insulin receptor splice variants is unknown. Moreover, it is not yet clear what the physiological roles of each of the isoforms are in normal and diseased beta cells. In this study, we show that insulin induces INSR exon 11 inclusion in pancreatic beta cells in both human and mouse. This occurs through activation of the Ras-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway and up-regulation of the splicing factor SRSF1. Induction of exon 11 skipping by a splice-site competitive antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway downstream of the insulin receptor, sensitizing the pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 to stress-induced apoptosis and lipotoxicity. These results assign to insulin a regulatory role in INSR alternative splicing through the Ras-MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. We suggest that in beta cells, INSR-B has a protective role, while INSR-A expression sensitizes beta cells to programmed cell death.
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38
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Retention of gene expression in porcine islets after agarose encapsulation and long-term culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:580-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Flannery CA, Saleh FL, Choe GH, Selen DJ, Kodaman PH, Kliman HJ, Wood TL, Taylor HS. Differential Expression of IR-A, IR-B and IGF-1R in Endometrial Physiology and Distinct Signature in Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2883-91. [PMID: 27088794 PMCID: PMC4929835 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes and obesity are risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, suggesting that hyperinsulinemia contributes to pathogenesis. Insulin action through insulin receptor (IR) splice variants IR-A and IR-B regulates cellular mitogenesis and metabolism, respectively. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that IR-A and IR-B are differentially regulated in normal endometrium, according to mitogenic and metabolic requirements through the menstrual cycle, as well as in endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. DESIGN IR-A, IR-B, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mRNA was quantified in endometrium, endometrial epithelial and stromal cells, and in vitro after hormone stimulation. SETTING Academic center. PATIENTS Endometrium was collected from women with regular cycles (n = 71), complex hyperplasia (n = 5), or endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n = 11). INTERVENTION(S) In vitro sex-steroid treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) IR-A and IR-B expression Results: IR-A increased dramatically during the early proliferative phase, 20-fold more than IR-B. In early secretory phase, IR-B and IGF-1R expression increased, reaching maximal expression, whereas IR-A decreased. In adenocarcinoma, IR-B and IGF-1R expression was 5- to 6-fold higher than normal endometrium, whereas IR-A expression was similar to IR-B. Receptor expression was unrelated to body mass index. CONCLUSION IR-A was elevated during the normal proliferative phase, and in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. The dramatic early rise of IR-A in normal endometrium indicates IR-A is the predominant isoform responsible for initial estrogen-independent endometrial proliferation as well as that of cancer. IR-B is elevated during the normal secretory phase when glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis support embryo development. Differing from other cancers, IR-B expression equals mitogenic IR-A in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Differential IR isoform expression suggests a distinct role for each in endometrial physiology and cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Endometrial Hyperplasia/genetics
- Endometrial Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Endometrial Hyperplasia/pathology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Menstrual Cycle/genetics
- Menstrual Cycle/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Flannery
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Farrah L Saleh
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Gina H Choe
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Daryl J Selen
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Pinar H Kodaman
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Teresa L Wood
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences (C.A.F., F.L.S., G.H.C., D.J.S., P.H.K., H.J.K., H.S.T.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Internal Medicine (C.A.F.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; and Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience and Cancer Center (T.L.W.), NJ Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Westermeier F, Sáez T, Arroyo P, Toledo F, Gutiérrez J, Sanhueza C, Pardo F, Leiva A, Sobrevia L. Insulin receptor isoforms: an integrated view focused on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:350-65. [PMID: 26431063 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human insulin receptor (IR) exists in two isoforms that differ by the absence (IR-A) or the presence (IR-B) of a 12-amino acid segment encoded by exon 11. Both isoforms are functionally distinct regarding their binding affinities and intracellular signalling. However, the underlying mechanisms related to their cellular functions in several tissues are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in this field regarding the alternative splicing of IR isoform, tissue-specific distribution and signalling both in physiology and disease, with an emphasis on the human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Furthermore, we discuss the clinical relevance of IR isoforms highlighted by findings that show altered insulin signalling due to differential IR-A and IR-B expression in human placental endothelium in GDM pregnancies. Future research and clinical studies focused on the role of IR isoform signalling might provide novel therapeutic targets for treating GDM to improve the adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Faculty of Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arroyo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Toledo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - J Gutiérrez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular Signalling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Sanhueza
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Leiva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
Insulin remains indispensable in the treatment of diabetes, but its use is hampered by its narrow therapeutic index. Although advances in peptide chemistry and recombinant DNA-based macromolecule synthesis have enabled the synthesis of structurally optimized insulin analogues, the growing epidemics of obesity and diabetes have emphasized the need for diabetes therapies that are more efficacious, safe and convenient. Accordingly, a broad set of drug candidates, targeting hyperglycaemia plus other disease abnormalities, is now progressing through the clinic. The development of an insulin therapy that is responsive to glucose concentration remains an ultimate goal, with initial prototypes now reaching the proof-of-concept stage. Simultaneously, the first alternatives to injectable delivery have progressed to registration.
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42
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Imbalanced insulin action in chronic over nutrition: Clinical harm, molecular mechanisms, and a way forward. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:225-82. [PMID: 26967715 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing worldwide prevalence of overnutrition and underexertion threatens the gains that we have made against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other maladies. Chronic overnutrition causes the atherometabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of seemingly unrelated health problems characterized by increased abdominal girth and body-mass index, high fasting and postprandial concentrations of cholesterol- and triglyceride-rich apoB-lipoproteins (C-TRLs), low plasma HDL levels, impaired regulation of plasma glucose concentrations, hypertension, and a significant risk of developing overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, individuals with this syndrome exhibit fatty liver, hypercoagulability, sympathetic overactivity, a gradually rising set-point for body adiposity, a substantially increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and--crucially--hyperinsulinemia. Many lines of evidence indicate that each component of the atherometabolic syndrome arises, or is worsened by, pathway-selective insulin resistance and responsiveness (SEIRR). Individuals with SEIRR require compensatory hyperinsulinemia to control plasma glucose levels. The result is overdrive of those pathways that remain insulin-responsive, particularly ERK activation and hepatic de-novo lipogenesis (DNL), while carbohydrate regulation deteriorates. The effects are easily summarized: if hyperinsulinemia does something bad in a tissue or organ, that effect remains responsive in the atherometabolic syndrome and T2DM; and if hyperinsulinemia might do something good, that effect becomes resistant. It is a deadly imbalance in insulin action. From the standpoint of human health, it is the worst possible combination of effects. In this review, we discuss the origins of the atherometabolic syndrome in our historically unprecedented environment that only recently has become full of poorly satiating calories and incessant enticements to sit. Data are examined that indicate the magnitude of daily caloric imbalance that causes obesity. We also cover key aspects of healthy, balanced insulin action in liver, endothelium, brain, and elsewhere. Recent insights into the molecular basis and pathophysiologic harm from SEIRR in these organs are discussed. Importantly, a newly discovered oxide transport chain functions as the master regulator of the balance amongst different limbs of the insulin signaling cascade. This oxide transport chain--abbreviated 'NSAPP' after its five major proteins--fails to function properly during chronic overnutrition, resulting in this harmful pattern of SEIRR. We also review the origins of widespread, chronic overnutrition. Despite its apparent complexity, one factor stands out. A sophisticated junk food industry, aided by subsidies from willing governments, has devoted years of careful effort to promote overeating through the creation of a new class of food and drink that is low- or no-cost to the consumer, convenient, savory, calorically dense, yet weakly satiating. It is past time for the rest of us to overcome these foes of good health and solve this man-made epidemic.
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Obesity and cancer, a case for insulin signaling. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2037. [PMID: 26720346 PMCID: PMC4720912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, with the number of overweight and obese individuals climbing from just over 500 million in 2008 to 1.9 billion in 2014. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have long been associated with the obese state, whereas cancer is quickly emerging as another pathological consequence of this disease. Globally, at least 2.8 million people die each year from being overweight or obese. It is estimated that by 2020 being overweight or obese will surpass the health burden of tobacco consumption. Increase in the body mass index (BMI) in overweight (BMI>25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) individuals is a result of adipose tissue (AT) expansion, which can lead to fat comprising >50% of the body weight in the morbidly obese. Extensive research over the last several years has painted a very complex picture of AT biology. One clear link between AT expansion and etiology of diseases like T2D and cancer is the development of insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia. This review focuses on defining the link between obesity, IR and cancer.
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Bedinger DH, Adams SH. Metabolic, anabolic, and mitogenic insulin responses: A tissue-specific perspective for insulin receptor activators. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:143-56. [PMID: 26277398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin acts as the major regulator of the fasting-to-fed metabolic transition by altering substrate metabolism, promoting energy storage, and helping activate protein synthesis. In addition to its glucoregulatory and other metabolic properties, insulin can also act as a growth factor. The metabolic and mitogenic responses to insulin are regulated by divergent post-receptor signaling mechanisms downstream from the activated insulin receptor (IR). However, the anabolic and growth-promoting properties of insulin require tissue-specific inter-relationships between the two pathways, and the nature and scope of insulin-regulated processes vary greatly across tissues. Understanding the nuances of this interplay between metabolic and growth-regulating properties of insulin would have important implications for development of novel insulin and IR modulator therapies that stimulate insulin receptor activation in both pathway- and tissue-specific manners. This review will provide a unique perspective focusing on the roles of "metabolic" and "mitogenic" actions of insulin signaling in various tissues, and how these networks should be considered when evaluating selective pharmacologic approaches to prevent or treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Lehtonen S, Jalanko H. Nephrin Trafficking beyond the Kidney--Role in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in β Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:965-8. [PMID: 26400568 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Villarreal R, Mitrofanova A, Maiguel D, Morales X, Jeon J, Grahammer F, Leibiger IB, Guzman J, Fachado A, Yoo TH, Busher Katin A, Gellermann J, Merscher S, Burke GW, Berggren PO, Oh J, Huber TB, Fornoni A. Nephrin Contributes to Insulin Secretion and Affects Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Independently of Insulin Receptor. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1029-41. [PMID: 26400569 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins with a well characterized function as modulators of cell adhesion and guidance, and nephrin may have a role in metabolic pathways linked to podocyte and pancreatic β-cell survival. However, this role is incompletely characterized. In this study, we developed floxed nephrin mice for pancreatic β-cell-specific deletion of nephrin, which had no effect on islet size and glycemia. Nephrin deficiency, however, resulted in glucose intolerance in vivo and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release ex vivo Glucose intolerance was also observed in eight patients with nephrin mutations compared with three patients with other genetic forms of nephrotic syndrome or nine healthy controls.In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate if nephrin affects autocrine signaling through insulin receptor A (IRA) and B (IRB), which are both expressed in human podocytes and pancreatic islets. Coimmunoprecipitation of nephrin and IRB but not IRA was observed and required IR phosphorylation. Nephrin per se was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of p70S6K in an phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent but IR/Src-independent manner, which was not augmented by exogenous insulin. These results suggest a role for nephrin as an independent modulator of podocyte and pancreatic β-cell nutrient sensing in the fasting state and the potential of nephrin as a drug target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Villarreal
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | - Dony Maiguel
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ximena Morales
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | - Jongmin Jeon
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Ingo B Leibiger
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Guzman
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alberto Fachado
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tae H Yoo
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anja Busher Katin
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gellermann
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Children's Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - George W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Oh
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida;
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Leibiger B, Moede T, Paschen M, Yunn NO, Lim JH, Ryu SH, Pereira T, Berggren PO, Leibiger IB. PI3K-C2α Knockdown Results in Rerouting of Insulin Signaling and Pancreatic Beta Cell Proliferation. Cell Rep 2015; 13:15-22. [PMID: 26387957 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a syndrome that affects multiple insulin target tissues, each having different biological functions regulated by insulin. A remaining question is to mechanistically explain how an insulin target cell/tissue can be insulin resistant in one biological function and insulin sensitive in another at the same time. Here, we provide evidence that in pancreatic β cells, knockdown of PI3K-C2α expression results in rerouting of the insulin signal from insulin receptor (IR)-B/PI3K-C2α/PKB-mediated metabolic signaling to IR-B/Shc/ERK-mediated mitogenic signaling, which allows the β cell to switch from a highly glucose-responsive, differentiated state to a proliferative state. Our data suggest the existence of IR-cascade-selective insulin resistance, which allows rerouting of the insulin signal within the same target cell. Hence, factors involved in the rerouting of the insulin signal represent tentative therapeutic targets in the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo Moede
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Paschen
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Na-Oh Yunn
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lim
- Aptamer Initiative Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Aptamer Initiative Program, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Teresa Pereira
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637 553, Singapore.
| | - Ingo B Leibiger
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Expression study of GLUT4 translocation-related genes in a porcine pre-diabetic model. Mamm Genome 2015; 26:650-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Insulin signaling: implications for podocyte biology in diabetic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015; 24:104-10. [PMID: 25415617 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several key elements of the insulin signaling cascade contribute to podocyte function and survival. While it was initially thought that the consequences of altered insulin signaling to podocyte function was strictly related to altered glucose uptake, it has become clear that upstream signaling events involved in cell survival, lipid metabolism or nutrient sensing and modulated by insulin are strong independent contributors to podocyte function. RECENT FINDINGS Akt2, the major isoform of Akt activated following cellular insulin stimulation, protects against the progression of renal disease in nephron-deficient mice, and podocyte-specific deletion of Akt2 results in a more rapid progression of experimental glomerular disease. In diabetes, podocyte mammalian target of rapamycin activation clearly contributes to podocyte injury and regulated autophagy. Furthermore, podocyte-specific glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) deficiency protects podocytes by preventing mammalian target of rapamycin signaling independently of glucose uptake. Finally, intracellular lipids have been recently recognized as major modulators of podocyte insulin signaling and as a new therapeutic target. SUMMARY The identification of new contributors to podocyte insulin signaling is of extreme translational value as it may lead to new drug development strategies for diabetic kidney disease, as well as for other proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Role of Islet Glucokinase, Glucose Metabolism, and Insulin Pathway in the Enhancing Effect of Islet Neogenesis-Associated Protein on Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion. Pancreas 2015; 44:959-66. [PMID: 25906449 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the role of islet glucokinase, glucose metabolism, and intracellular insulin mediators in the enhancing effect of islet neogenesis-associated protein pentadecapeptide (INGAP-PP) on glucose-induced insulin secretion. METHODS Islets from normal rats were cultured for 4 days in the absence or presence of 10 μg/mL INGAP-PP, with/without Wortmannin or LY294002. Islets were incubated with different glucose concentrations to measure insulin secretion and content, hexokinase and glucokinase activity, glucose oxidation and utilization, glucokinase, insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/2, and PI3K concentration and phosphorylation. RESULTS The INGAP-PP significantly increased insulin release at high but not at low glucose concentration, glucokinase activity, glucose metabolism, glucokinase, insulin receptor, IRS-2 and PI3K protein concentration, insulin receptor and IRS-1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation, and the association of p85 with IRS-1. Wortmannin and LY294002 blocked INGAP-PP effect on insulin secretion and glucokinase protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The enhancing effect of INGAP-PP on glucose-induced insulin release could be partly ascribed to its effect on glucokinase activity and glucose metabolism and is mainly mediated by the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results, together with the low hypoglycemia risk associated with the use of INGAP-PP, offer a new alternative for diabetes prevention and treatment.
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