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Zhu L, Du Z, Kong Y, Wang X, Li H, Hou L, Kong X. The identification, evolutionary analysis, and immune roles of Rab family members in red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133606. [PMID: 38972658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The Rab GTPase constitutes the largest family of small GTPases that regulate intracellular trafficking. Different eukaryotes possess varying numbers of Rab paralogs. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the evolutionary pattern of Rab family in most major eukaryotic supergroups. This study cloned 24 Rab genes from transcriptome data of Procambarus clarkii haemocytes. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a relatively high degree of conservation for PcRab. Furthermore, PcRab exhibited similarities in motif composition with all members showing presence of G, PM, RabF, and RabSF motifs. The tertiary structure indicated that PcRab proteins mainly consisted of α-helices and β-strands, and most PcRab proteins shared similar tertiary structures, and it was indicated that they have similar protein characteristics. Protein-protein interaction prediction identified a total of 20 interacting proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, phagocytosis, and signal transduction with 193 interactions. Expression analysis showed wide expression patterns for PcRab in P. clarkii organs. Upon infection by white spot syndrome virus and Aeromonas veronii, significant induction was observed for PcRab gene expression levels, indicating their involvement in pathogen response mechanisms. The present study represents the pioneering effort in comprehensively identifying and cloning the Rab family genes in crustacean, followed by a systematic investigation into their evolutionary patterns and immune response upon pathogen infection. The results provided valuable insights for further investigation into the molecular mechanism underlying the response of P. clarkii to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Zhengyan Du
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yiming Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Libo Hou
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, Observation and Research Station on Water Ecosystem in Danjiangkou Reservoir of Henan Province, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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2
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Hu G, Qu X, Bhalla K, Xue P, Bakkeren E, Lee CWJ, Kronstad JW. Loss of the putative Rab GTPase, Ypt7, impairs the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1437579. [PMID: 39119141 PMCID: PMC11306161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1437579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases of the Rab family coordinate multiple membrane fusion and trafficking events in eukaryotes. In fungi, the Rab GTPase, Ypt7, plays a critical role in late endosomal trafficking, and is required for homotypic fusion events in vacuole biogenesis and inheritance. In this study, we identified a putative YPT7 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen causing life threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. As part of an ongoing effort to understand mechanisms of iron acquisition in C. neoformans, we established a role for Ypt7 in growth on heme as the sole iron source. Deletion of YPT7 also caused abnormal vacuolar morphology, defective endocytic trafficking and autophagy, and mislocalization of Aph1, a secreted vacuolar acid phosphatase. Ypt7 localized to the vacuolar membrane and membrane contact sites between the vacuole and mitochondria (vCLAMPs), and loss of the protein impaired growth on inhibitors of the electron transport chain. Additionally, Ypt7 was required for robust growth at 39°C, a phenotype likely involving the calcineurin signaling pathway because ypt7 mutants displayed increased susceptibility to the calcineurin-specific inhibitors, FK506 and cyclosporin A; the mutants also had impaired growth in either limiting or high levels of calcium. Finally, Ypt7 was required for survival during interactions with macrophages, and ypt7 mutants were attenuated for virulence in a mouse inhalation model thus demonstrating the importance of membrane trafficking functions in cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggan Hu
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xianya Qu
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kabir Bhalla
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peng Xue
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erik Bakkeren
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher W. J. Lee
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James W. Kronstad
- The Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Wu YN, Lu JY, Li S, Zhang Y. Are vacuolar dynamics crucial factors for plant cell division and differentiation? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112090. [PMID: 38636812 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bound organelles in plant cells, critical for development and environmental responses. Vacuolar dynamics indicate reversible changes of vacuoles in morphology, size, or numbers. In this review, we summarize current understandings of vacuolar dynamics in different types of plant cells, biological processes associated with vacuolar dynamics, and regulators controlling vacuolar dynamics. Specifically, we point out the possibility that vacuolar dynamics play key roles in cell division and differentiation, which are controlled by the nucleus. Finally, we propose three routes through which vacuolar dynamics actively participate in nucleus-controlled cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin-Yu Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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4
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Jakoby M, Stephan L, Heinemann B, Hülskamp M. Mutations in RABE1C suppress the spirrig mutant phenotype. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304001. [PMID: 38885274 PMCID: PMC11182498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant BEACH-domain protein SPIRRIG (SPI) is involved in regulating cell morphogenesis and salt stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabis alpina, and Marchantia polymorpha and was reported to function in the context of two unrelated cellular processes: vesicular trafficking and P-body mediated RNA metabolism. To further explore the molecular function of SPI, we isolated a second-site mutant, specifically rescuing the spi mutant trichome phenotype. The molecular analysis of the corresponding gene revealed a dominant negative mutation in RABE1C, a ras-related small GTP-binding protein that localizes to Golgi. Taken together, our data identified the genetic interaction between RABE1C and SPI, which is beneficial for further dissecting the function of SPI in vesicle trafficking-associated cell morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jakoby
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Heinemann
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Rajappa S, Krishnamurthy P, Huang H, Yu D, Friml J, Xu J, Kumar PP. The translocation of a chloride channel from the Golgi to the plasma membrane helps plants adapt to salt stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3978. [PMID: 38729926 PMCID: PMC11087495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A key mechanism employed by plants to adapt to salinity stress involves maintaining ion homeostasis via the actions of ion transporters. While the function of cation transporters in maintaining ion homeostasis in plants has been extensively studied, little is known about the roles of their anion counterparts in this process. Here, we describe a mechanism of salt adaptation in plants. We characterized the chloride channel (CLC) gene AtCLCf, whose expression is regulated by WRKY transcription factor under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function atclcf seedlings show increased sensitivity to salt, whereas AtCLCf overexpression confers enhanced resistance to salt stress. Salt stress induces the translocation of GFP-AtCLCf fusion protein to the plasma membrane (PM). Blocking AtCLCf translocation using the exocytosis inhibitor brefeldin-A or mutating the small GTPase gene AtRABA1b/BEX5 (RAS GENES FROM RAT BRAINA1b homolog) increases salt sensitivity in plants. Electrophysiology and liposome-based assays confirm the Cl-/H+ antiport function of AtCLCf. Therefore, we have uncovered a mechanism of plant adaptation to salt stress involving the NaCl-induced translocation of AtCLCf to the PM, thus facilitating Cl- removal at the roots, and increasing the plant's salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivamathini Rajappa
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Electrophysiology Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore: Level 5, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, MD6, #08-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Dejie Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Electrophysiology Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore: Level 5, Centre for Life Sciences, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Diseases Program, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, MD6, #08-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria) Am Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Huygens Building, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6500 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, #02-01, T-Lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
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6
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Lu Y, Cheng K, Tang H, Li J, Zhang C, Zhu H. The role of Rab GTPase in Plant development and stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154239. [PMID: 38574493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Small GTPase is a type of crucial regulator in eukaryotes. It acts as a molecular switch by binding with GTP and GDP in cytoplasm, affecting various cellular processes. Small GTPase were divided into five subfamilies based on sequence, structure and function: Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf/Sar and Ran, with Rab being the largest subfamily. Members of the Rab subfamily play an important role in regulating complex vesicle transport and microtubule system activity. Plant cells are composed of various membrane-bound organelles, and vesicle trafficking is fundamental to the existence of plants. At present, the function of some Rab members, such as RabA1a, RabD2b/c and RabF2, has been well characterized in plants. This review summarizes the role of Rab GTPase in regulating plant tip growth, morphogenesis, fruit ripening and stress response, and briefly describes the regulatory mechanisms involved. It provides a reference for further alleviating environmental stress, improving plant resistance and even improving fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ke Cheng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunjiao Zhang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Sun J, Shao Y, Wang S, Li X, Feng S, Wang W, Leroy P, Li C, Zheng H. An Arabidopsis Rab18 GTPase promotes autophagy by tethering ATG18a to the ER in response to nutrient starvation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2947-2958.e5. [PMID: 38056450 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of autophagosomes requires a controlled association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the mechanisms governing this process are not well defined. In plants, ATG18a plays a key role in autophagosome formation in response to stress, yet the factors regulating the process are unknown. This study finds that ATG18a acts as a downstream effector of RABC1, a member of the poorly characterized Rab18/RabC GTPase subclass in plants. Active RABC1 interacts with ATG18a on the ER, particularly under nutrient starvation. In rabc1 mutants, autophagy is compromised, especially under nutrient deprivation, affecting the ER association and expansion of ATG18a-positive autophagosomes. Furthermore, both dominant-negative and constitutively active RABC1 forms inhibit autophagy. The dominant inactive RABC1 impedes the ER association of ATG18a, whereas the constitutively active RABC1 delays ATG18a detachment from the ER. Collectively, RABC1 regulates the ER association and the subsequent detachment of ATG18a-positive autophagosomes during nutrient starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3B 1A1, Canada.
| | - Yang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Songyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xunzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Shuqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3B 1A1, Canada
| | - Chengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3B 1A1, Canada.
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8
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Minamino N, Fujii H, Murata H, Hachinoda S, Kondo Y, Hotta K, Ueda T. Analysis of Plant-Specific ANTH Domain-Containing Protein in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1331-1342. [PMID: 37804254 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a fundamental mechanism for protein and lipid transport in eukaryotic cells and exhibits marked diversity among eukaryotic lineages with distinctive body plans and lifestyles. Diversification of the membrane trafficking system is associated with the expansion and secondary loss of key machinery components, including RAB GTPases, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) and adaptor proteins, during plant evolution. The number of AP180 N-terminal homology (ANTH) proteins, an adaptor family that regulates vesicle formation and cargo sorting during clathrin-mediated endocytosis, increases during plant evolution. In the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, 18 genes for ANTH proteins have been identified, a higher number than that in yeast and animals, suggesting a distinctive diversification of ANTH proteins. Conversely, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses a simpler repertoire; only two genes encoding canonical ANTH proteins have been identified in its genome. Intriguingly, a non-canonical ANTH protein is encoded in the genome of M. polymorpha, which also harbors a putative kinase domain. Similar proteins have been detected in sporadic lineages of plants, suggesting their ancient origin and multiple secondary losses during evolution. We named this unique ANTH group phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein-K (PICALM-K) and characterized it in M. polymorpha using genetic, cell biology-based and artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches. Our results indicate a flagella-related function of MpPICALM-K in spermatozoids, which is distinct from that of canonical ANTH proteins. Therefore, ANTH proteins have undergone significant functional diversification during evolution, and PICALM-K represents a plant-unique ANTH protein that is delivered by neofunctionalization through exon shuffling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Minamino
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Haruki Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Murata
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Sho Hachinoda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hotta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
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9
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Prokopchuk G, Butenko A, Dacks JB, Speijer D, Field MC, Lukeš J. Lessons from the deep: mechanisms behind diversification of eukaryotic protein complexes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1910-1927. [PMID: 37336550 PMCID: PMC10952624 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation is the major mechanism behind adaptation and evolutionary change. As most proteins operate through interactions with other proteins, changes in protein complex composition and subunit sequence provide potentially new functions. Comparative genomics can reveal expansions, losses and sequence divergence within protein-coding genes, but in silico analysis cannot detect subunit substitutions or replacements of entire protein complexes. Insights into these fundamental evolutionary processes require broad and extensive comparative analyses, from both in silico and experimental evidence. Here, we combine data from both approaches and consider the gamut of possible protein complex compositional changes that arise during evolution, citing examples of complete conservation to partial and total replacement by functional analogues. We focus in part on complexes in trypanosomes as they represent one of the better studied non-animal/non-fungal lineages, but extend insights across the eukaryotes by extensive comparative genomic analysis. We argue that gene loss plays an important role in diversification of protein complexes and hence enhancement of eukaryotic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Prokopchuk
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of OstravaChittussiho 983/10Ostrava71000Czech Republic
| | - Joel B. Dacks
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alberta1‐124 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350‐83 AvenueEdmontonT6G 2R3AlbertaCanada
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and the EnvironmentUniversity College LondonDarwin Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Dave Speijer
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 15Amsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands
| | - Mark C. Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeDow StreetDundeeDD1 5EHScotlandUK
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaBranišovská 1160/31České Budějovice37005Czech Republic
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10
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Hawkins TJ, Kopischke M, Duckney PJ, Rybak K, Mentlak DA, Kroon JTM, Bui MT, Richardson AC, Casey M, Alexander A, De Jaeger G, Kalde M, Moore I, Dagdas Y, Hussey PJ, Robatzek S. NET4 and RabG3 link actin to the tonoplast and facilitate cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5848. [PMID: 37730720 PMCID: PMC10511709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41337-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the NETWORKED (NET) family are involved in actin-membrane interactions. Here we show that two members of the NET family, NET4A and NET4B, are essential for normal guard cell actin reorganization, which is a process critical for stomatal closure in plant immunity. NET4 proteins interact with F-actin and with members of the Rab7 GTPase RABG3 family through two distinct domains, allowing for simultaneous localization to actin filaments and the tonoplast. NET4 proteins interact with GTP-bound, active RABG3 members, suggesting their function being downstream effectors. We also show that RABG3b is critical for stomatal closure induced by microbial patterns. Taken together, we conclude that the actin cytoskeletal remodelling during stomatal closure involves a molecular link between actin filaments and the tonoplast, which is mediated by the NET4-RABG3b interaction. We propose that stomatal closure to microbial patterns involves the coordinated action of immune-triggered osmotic changes and actin cytoskeletal remodelling likely driving compact vacuolar morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michaela Kopischke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany
| | - Patrick J Duckney
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany
| | - David A Mentlak
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Johan T M Kroon
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mai Thu Bui
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, AUT, Austria
| | | | - Mary Casey
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Geert De Jaeger
- VIB-University Ghent, Center for Plant System Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, BE, Belgium
| | - Monika Kalde
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ian Moore
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, AUT, Austria
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
- LMU Munich Biocenter, Großhadener Strasse 4, 82152, Planegg, DE, Germany.
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11
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Rodriguez-Furlan C, Borna R, Betz O. RAB7 GTPases as coordinators of plant endomembrane traffic. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240973. [PMID: 37662169 PMCID: PMC10470000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The ras gene from rat brain (RAB) family of small GTPases is highly conserved among eukaryotes and regulates endomembrane trafficking pathways. RAB7, in particular, has been linked to various processes involved in regulating endocytic and autophagic pathways. Plants have several copies of RAB7 proteins that reflect the intricacy of their endomembrane transport systems. RAB7 activity regulates different pathways of endomembrane trafficking in plants: (1) endocytic traffic to the vacuole; (2) biosynthetic traffic to the vacuole; and (3) recycling from the late endosome to the secretory pathway. During certain developmental and stress related processes another pathway becomes activated (4) autophagic trafficking towards the vacuole that is also regulated by RAB7. RAB7s carry out these functions by interacting with various effector proteins. Current research reveals many unexplored RAB7 functions in connection with stress responses. Thus, this review describes a comprehensive summary of current knowledge of plant RAB7's functions, discusses unresolved challenges, and recommends prospective future research directions.
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12
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Allsman LA, Bellinger MA, Huang V, Duong M, Contreras A, Romero AN, Verboonen B, Sidhu S, Zhang X, Steinkraus H, Uyehara AN, Martinez SE, Sinclair RM, Soriano GS, Diep B, Byrd V. D, Noriega A, Drakakaki G, Sylvester AW, Rasmussen CG. Subcellular positioning during cell division and cell plate formation in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204889. [PMID: 37484472 PMCID: PMC10360171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction During proliferative plant cell division, the new cell wall, called the cell plate, is first built in the middle of the cell and then expands outward to complete cytokinesis. This dynamic process requires coordinated movement and arrangement of the cytoskeleton and organelles. Methods Here we use live-cell markers to track the dynamic reorganization of microtubules, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, and endomembrane compartments during division and the formation of the cell plate in maize leaf epidermal cells. Results The microtubule plus-end localized protein END BINDING1 (EB1) highlighted increasing microtubule dynamicity during mitosis to support rapid changes in microtubule structures. The localization of the cell-plate specific syntaxin KNOLLE, several RAB-GTPases, as well as two plasma membrane localized proteins was assessed after treatment with the cytokinesis-specific callose-deposition inhibitor Endosidin7 (ES7) and the microtubule-disrupting herbicide chlorpropham (CIPC). While ES7 caused cell plate defects in Arabidopsis thaliana, it did not alter callose accumulation, or disrupt cell plate formation in maize. In contrast, CIPC treatment of maize epidermal cells occasionally produced irregular cell plates that split or fragmented, but did not otherwise disrupt the accumulation of cell-plate localized proteins. Discussion Together, these markers provide a robust suite of tools to examine subcellular trafficking and organellar organization during mitosis and cell plate formation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy A. Allsman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Marschal A. Bellinger
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Duong
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Alondra Contreras
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Andrea N. Romero
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Verboonen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sukhmani Sidhu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Holly Steinkraus
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Aimee N. Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie E. Martinez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sinclair
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gabriela Salazar Soriano
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Beatrice Diep
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dawson Byrd V.
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Noriega
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anne W. Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Carolyn G. Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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13
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Ganotra J, Sharma B, Biswal B, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. Emerging role of small GTPases and their interactome in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1007-1029. [PMID: 36525153 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). All small GTPases except Rat sarcoma (Ras) are found in plants, including Ras-like in brain (Rab), Rho of plant (Rop), ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and Ras-like nuclear (Ran). The members of small GTPases in plants interact with several downstream effectors to counteract the negative effects of environmental stress and disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we describe processes of stress alleviation by developing pathways involving several small GTPases and their associated proteins which are important for neutralizing fungal infections, stomatal regulation, and activation of abiotic stress-tolerant genes in plants. Previous reviews on small GTPases in plants were primarily focused on Rab GTPases, abiotic stress, and membrane trafficking, whereas this review seeks to improve our understanding of the role of all small GTPases in plants as well as their interactome in regulating mechanisms to combat abiotic and biotic stress. This review brings to the attention of scientists recent research on small GTPases so that they can employ genome editing tools to precisely engineer economically important plants through the overexpression/knock-out/knock-in of stress-related small GTPase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Brijesh Biswal
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Faktorová D, Záhonová K, Benz C, Dacks JB, Field MC, Lukeš J. Functional differentiation of Sec13 paralogues in the euglenozoan protists. Open Biol 2023; 13:220364. [PMID: 37311539 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-propeller protein Sec13 plays roles in at least three distinct processes by virtue of being a component of the COPII endoplasmic reticulum export vesicle coat, the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and the Seh1-associated (SEA)/GATOR nutrient-sensing complex. This suggests that regulatory mechanisms coordinating these cellular activities may operate via Sec13. The NPC, COPII and SEA/GATOR are all ancient features of eukaryotic cells, and in the vast majority of eukaryotes, a single Sec13 gene is present. Here we report that the Euglenozoa, a lineage encompassing the diplonemid, kinetoplastid and euglenid protists, possess two Sec13 paralogues. Furthermore, based on protein interactions and localization studies we show that in diplonemids Sec13 functions are divided between the Sec13a and Sec13b paralogues. Specifically, Sec13a interacts with COPII and the NPC, while Sec13b interacts with Sec16 and components of the SEA/GATOR complex. We infer that euglenozoan Sec13a is responsible for NPC functions and canonical anterograde transport activities while Sec13b acts within nutrient and autophagy-related pathways, indicating a fundamentally distinct organization of coatomer complexes in euglenozoan flagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drahomíra Faktorová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Záhonová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Life Science Research Centre, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Corinna Benz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark C Field
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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15
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Khatoon U, Prasad V, Sawant SV. Expression dynamics and a loss-of-function of Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase unveil its role in plant growth and seed development. PLANTA 2023; 257:89. [PMID: 36988700 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcript isoform dynamics, spatiotemporal expression, and mutational analysis uncover that Arabidopsis RabC1 GTPase is required for root length, flowering time, seed size, and seed mucilage. Rab GTPases are crucial regulators for moving different molecules to their specific compartments according to the needs of the cell. In this work, we illustrate the role of RabC1 GTPase in Arabidopsis growth and seed development. We identify and analyze the expression pattern of three transcript isoforms of RabC1 in different development stages, along with their tissue-specific transcript abundance. The promoter activity of RabC1 using promoter-GUS fusion shows that it is widely expressed during the growth of Arabidopsis, particularly in seed tissues such as chalazal seed coat and chalazal endosperm. Lack of RabC1 function led to shorter roots, lesser biomass, delayed flowering, and sluggish plant development. The mutants had smaller seeds than the wildtype, less seed mass, and lower seed coat permeability. Developing seeds also revealed a smaller endosperm cavity and shorter integument cells. Additionally, we found that the knock-out mutant had downregulated expression of genes implicated in the transit of sugars and amino acids from maternal tissue to developing seed. The seeds of the loss-of-function mutant had reduced seed mucilage. All the observed mutant phenotypes were restored in the complemented lines confirming the function of RabC1 in seed development and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Khatoon
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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16
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Barbosa ICR, De Bellis D, Flückiger I, Bellani E, Grangé-Guerment M, Hématy K, Geldner N. Directed growth and fusion of membrane-wall microdomains requires CASP-mediated inhibition and displacement of secretory foci. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1626. [PMID: 36959183 PMCID: PMC10036488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Casparian strips (CS) are aligned bands of lignin-impregnated cell walls, building an extracellular diffusion barrier in roots. Their structure profoundly differs from tight junctions (TJ), analogous structures in animals. Nonetheless, CS membrane domain (CSD) proteins 1-5 (CASP1-5) are homologues of occludins, TJ components. CASP-marked membranes display cell wall (matrix) adhesion and membrane protein exclusion. A full CASP knock-out now reveals CASPs are not needed for localized lignification, since correctly positioned lignin microdomains still form in the mutant. Ultra-structurally, however, these microdomains are disorganized, showing excessive cell wall growth, lack of exclusion zone and matrix adhesion, and impaired exocyst dynamics. Proximity-labelling identifies a Rab-GTPase subfamily, known exocyst activators, as potential CASP-interactors and demonstrate their localization and function at the CSD. We propose that CASP microdomains displace initial secretory foci by excluding vesicle tethering factors, thereby ensuring rapid fusion of microdomains into a membrane-cell wall band that seals the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Catarina Ramos Barbosa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Damien De Bellis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Flückiger
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Bellani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Grangé-Guerment
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kian Hématy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAe, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Tian Z, Zhang Z, Kang L, Li M, Zhang J, Feng Y, Yin J, Gong X, Zhao J. Small G Protein StRab5b positively regulates potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1065627. [PMID: 36699835 PMCID: PMC9868449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rabproteins are the largest members of the small G protein family and are widely distributed in eukaryotes. It comprises eight subfamilies and is responsible for regulating vesicle transport, plant growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, the small G protein gene StRab5b was cloned from potato, and its biological information, expression profile and induced expression level, overexpression and gene silencing were examined on regulating potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans using PCR, qPCR and Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Our results indicate that the amino acid of StRab5b shows the highest and lowest homology with NbRab5b in N. benthamiana and StRab in potato respectively. StRab5b expression varied among different potato tissues and varieties, and was induced by P. infestans infection. Transiently ectopic expression of StRab5b in N. benthamiana enhanced its resistance to P. infestans, whereas, silencing of StRab5b and its homologous gene facilitated pathogen infection in potato and N. benthamiana respectively. Furthermore, stable expression of the StRab5b gene in potatoes enhanced its redox-stress response capacity, as manifested by the accumulation of H2O2 in infected leaves and subsequent increase in the activity and expression of ROS scavenging enzymes, thereby attenuating the development of P. infestans and ultimately reducing the lesions on infected potato leaves. In addition, the LOX gene transcripts and JA level were upregulated rapidly after inoculation with P. infestans. Collectively, our results suggest that StRab5b positively regulates the resistance against potato late blight (PLB) via JA-mediated defense signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaimin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liru Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xuechen Gong
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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18
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Zhang C, Wu F, Yan Q, Duan Z, Wang S, Ao B, Han Y, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Rab Gene Family in Melilotus albus Reveals Their Role in Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010126. [PMID: 36613571 PMCID: PMC9820615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melilotus albus is a high-quality forage, due to its high protein content, and aboveground biomass and salt tolerance. Rab (Ras-related protein in the brain) proteins are the largest GTPase family which play a key role in intracellular membrane transport, and many Rab genes have been identified in eukaryotes. The growth and distribution of M. albus are severely hampered by soil salinization. However, little is known about candidate genes for salt tolerance in M. albus. In this study, 27 Rab family genes were identified for the first time from M. albus, and divided into eight groups (Groups A-H). The number of introns in MaRabs ranged from one to seven, with most genes containing one intron. In addition, most MaRab proteins showed similarities in motif composition. Phylogenetic analysis and structural-domain comparison indicated that Rab family genes were highly conserved in M. albus. Members of the MaRab gene family were distributed across all eight chromosomes, with the largest distribution on chromosome 1. Prediction of the protein interaction network showed that 24 Rab proteins exhibited protein-protein interactions. Analysis of the promoter cis-acting elements showed that MaRab-gene family members are extensively involved in abiotic stress responses. RNA-seq data analysis of the MaRab-gene-expression patterns suggested that the Rab gene family possesses differentially expressed members in five organs and under salt stress, drought stress, and ABA (Abscisic Acid) treatment. Differentially expressed genes under drought stress, salt stress and ABA stress were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, heterologous expression in yeast was used to characterize the functions of MaRab1 and MaRab17, which were upregulated in reaction to salt stress. In summary, this study provided valuable information for further research into the molecular mechanism of the response of M. albus to saline stress, as well as the possibility of developing cultivars with high salt-resistance characteristics.
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19
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Shang X, Duan Y, Zhao M, Zhu L, Liu H, He Q, Yu Y, Li W, Amjid MW, Ruan YL, Guo W. GhRabA4c coordinates cell elongation via regulating actin filament–dependent vesicle transport. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201450. [PMID: 36271510 PMCID: PMC9449706 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GhRabA4c is required for cotton fiber cell elongation via functioning in actin filament assembly and bundling, vesicle transport, and deposition of multiple cell wall components. Plant cell expands via a tip growth or diffuse growth mode. In plants, RabA is the largest group of Rab GTPases that regulate vesicle trafficking. The functions of RabA protein in modulating polarized expansion in tip growth cells have been demonstrated. However, whether and how RabA protein functions in diffuse growth plant cells have never been explored. Here, we addressed this question by examining the role of GhRabA4c in cotton fibers. GhRabA4c was preferentially expressed in elongating fibers with its protein localized to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Over- and down-expression of GhRabA4c in cotton lead to longer and shorter fibers, respectively. GhRabA4c interacted with GhACT4 to promote the assembly of actin filament to facilitate vesicle transport for cell wall synthesis. Consistently, GhRabA4c-overexpressed fibers exhibited increased content of wall components and the transcript levels of the genes responsible for the synthesis of cell wall materials. We further identified two MYB proteins that directly regulate the transcription of GhRabA4c. Collectively, our data showed that GhRabA4c promotes diffused cell expansion by supporting vesicle trafficking and cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Amjid
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- The Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Chen W, Zhou Y, Wu H, Zhang S, Yang R, Liu X. RhRab5ip, a new interactor of RhPIP1;1, was involved in flower opening of cut rose during water deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:61-70. [PMID: 35430395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flower opening is a process primarily caused by water uptake-driven petal cell expansion. while which is easily affected by water deficit during transportation of cut flowers, resulting in abnormal flower opening. The knowledge of important players during this process remains limited. We previously reported that the aquaporin RhPIP1;1 plays an important role in ethylene-regulated petal cell expansion in rose flower. Here, we identified RhRab5ip as a new interactor of RhPIP1;1. RhRab5ip belongs to the Rab5-interacting protein (Rab5ip) family and may function in vesicle trafficking pathway. By using split ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid (SUY2H) system, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and subcellular colocalization we confirmed the existence of physical interaction between RhPIP1;1 and RhRab5ip in yeast and plant cell. The interaction of these two proteins happened at the small punctate structures in the cytoplasm. Expression of RhRab5ip in petals increased substantially at the initial stage of flower opening and maintained at high level until flower wilting. The transcripts of both RhRab5ip and RhPIP1;1 were greatly up-regulated by ABA and GA3 treatments, while only RhPIP1;1 was down-regulated by ethylene. Moreover, both RhRab5ip and RhPIP1;1 were significantly induced by water deficit treatment after 12 h-treatment, when flowers started to wilt and showed neck bending. Taken together, these findings suggested that RhRab5ip might functionally coordinate with RhPIP1;1 in response to water deficit stress in rose flower, expanding our understanding of the possible involvement of Rab5ip protein in the regulatory network of flower opening during water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruoyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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21
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Offor BC, Mhlongo MI, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Plasma Membrane-Associated Proteins Identified in Arabidopsis Wild Type, lbr2-2 and bak1-4 Mutants Treated with LPSs from Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060606. [PMID: 35736313 PMCID: PMC9230897 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognise bacterial microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from the environment via plasma membrane (PM)-localised pattern recognition receptor(s) (PRRs). Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are known as MAMPs from gram-negative bacteria that are most likely recognised by PRRs and trigger defence responses in plants. The Arabidopsis PRR(s) and/or co-receptor(s) complex for LPS and the associated defence signalling remains elusive. As such, proteomic identification of LPS receptors and/or co-receptor complexes will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underly LPS perception and defence signalling in plants. The Arabidopsis LPS-binding protein (LBP) and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)-related-2 (LBR2) have been shown to recognise LPS and trigger defence responses while brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1)-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) acts as a co-receptor for several PRRs. In this study, Arabidopsis wild type (WT) and T-DNA knock out mutants (lbr2-2 and bak1-4) were treated with LPS chemotypes from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 (Xcc) over a 24 h period. The PM-associated protein fractions were separated by liquid chromatography and analysed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by data analysis using ByonicTM software. Using Gene Ontology (GO) for molecular function and biological processes, significant LPS-responsive proteins were grouped according to defence and stress response, perception and signalling, membrane transport and trafficking, metabolic processes and others. Venn diagrams demarcated the MAMP-responsive proteins that were common and distinct to the WT and mutant lines following treatment with the two LPS chemotypes, suggesting contributions from differential LPS sub-structural moieties and involvement of LBR2 and BAK1 in the LPS-induced MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Moreover, the identification of RLKs and RLPs that participate in other bacterial and fungal MAMP signalling proposes the involvement of more than one receptor and/or co-receptor for LPS perception as well as signalling in Arabidopsis defence responses.
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22
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Dahhan DA, Reynolds GD, Cárdenas JJ, Eeckhout D, Johnson A, Yperman K, Kaufmann WA, Vang N, Yan X, Hwang I, Heese A, De Jaeger G, Friml J, Van Damme D, Pan J, Bednarek SY. Proteomic characterization of isolated Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles reveals evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific components. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2150-2173. [PMID: 35218346 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.16.460678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) facilitate the internalization of material from the cell surface as well as the movement of cargo in post-Golgi trafficking pathways. This diversity of functions is partially provided by multiple monomeric and multimeric clathrin adaptor complexes that provide compartment and cargo selectivity. The adaptor-protein assembly polypeptide-1 (AP-1) complex operates as part of the secretory pathway at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), while the AP-2 complex and the TPLATE complex jointly operate at the plasma membrane to execute clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Key to our further understanding of clathrin-mediated trafficking in plants will be the comprehensive identification and characterization of the network of evolutionarily conserved and plant-specific core and accessory machinery involved in the formation and targeting of CCVs. To facilitate these studies, we have analyzed the proteome of enriched TGN/early endosome-derived and endocytic CCVs isolated from dividing and expanding suspension-cultured Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cells. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis results were validated by differential chemical labeling experiments to identify proteins co-enriching with CCVs. Proteins enriched in CCVs included previously characterized CCV components and cargos such as the vacuolar sorting receptors in addition to conserved and plant-specific components whose function in clathrin-mediated trafficking has not been previously defined. Notably, in addition to AP-1 and AP-2, all subunits of the AP-4 complex, but not AP-3 or AP-5, were found to be in high abundance in the CCV proteome. The association of AP-4 with suspension-cultured Arabidopsis CCVs is further supported via additional biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Dahhan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Gregory D Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jessica J Cárdenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alexander Johnson
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Klaas Yperman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Walter A Kaufmann
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Nou Vang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Xu Yan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Antje Heese
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jianwei Pan
- College Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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23
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Ito E, Uemura T. RAB GTPases and SNAREs at the trans-Golgi network in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:389-403. [PMID: 35488138 PMCID: PMC9188535 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane traffic is a fundamental cellular system to exchange proteins and membrane lipids among single membrane-bound organelles or between an organelle and the plasma membrane in order to keep integrity of the endomembrane system. RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins, the key regulators of membrane traffic, are conserved broadly among eukaryotic species. However, genome-wide analyses showed that organization of RABs and SNAREs that regulate the post-Golgi transport pathways is greatly diversified in plants compared to other model eukaryotes. Furthermore, some organelles acquired unique properties in plant lineages. Like in other eukaryotic systems, the trans-Golgi network of plants coordinates secretion and vacuolar transport; however, uniquely in plants, it also acts as a platform for endocytic transport and recycling. In this review, we focus on RAB GTPases and SNAREs that function at the TGN, and summarize how these regulators perform to control different transport pathways at the plant TGN. We also highlight the current knowledge of RABs and SNAREs' role in regulation of plant development and plant responses to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ito
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan.
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24
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Nakano A. The Golgi Apparatus and its Next-Door Neighbors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884360. [PMID: 35573670 PMCID: PMC9096111 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus represents a central compartment of membrane traffic. Its apparent architecture, however, differs considerably among species, from unstacked and scattered cisternae in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to beautiful ministacks in plants and further to gigantic ribbon structures typically seen in mammals. Considering the well-conserved functions of the Golgi, its fundamental structure must have been optimized despite seemingly different architectures. In addition to the core layers of cisternae, the Golgi is usually accompanied by next-door compartments on its cis and trans sides. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) can be now considered as a compartment independent from the Golgi stack. On the cis side, the intermediate compartment between the ER and the Golgi (ERGIC) has been known in mammalian cells, and its functional equivalent is now suggested for yeast and plant cells. High-resolution live imaging is extremely powerful for elucidating the dynamics of these compartments and has revealed amazing similarities in their behaviors, indicating common mechanisms conserved along the long course of evolution. From these new findings, I would like to propose reconsideration of compartments and suggest a new concept to describe their roles comprehensively around the Golgi and in the post-Golgi trafficking.
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Pang L, Ma Z, Zhang X, Huang Y, Li R, Miao Y, Li R. The small GTPase RABA2a recruits SNARE proteins to regulate the secretory pathway in parallel with the exocyst complex in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:398-418. [PMID: 34798312 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of proteins to the plasma membrane occurs via secretion, which requires tethering, docking, priming, and fusion of vesicles. In yeast and mammalian cells, an evolutionarily conserved RAB GTPase activation cascade functions together with the exocyst and SNARE proteins to coordinate vesicle transport with fusion at the plasma membrane. However, it is unclear whether this is the case in plants. In this study, we show that the small GTPase RABA2a recruits and interacts with the VAMP721/722-SYP121-SNAP33 SNARE ternary complex for membrane fusion. Through immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis followed by the validatation with a series of biochemical assays, we identified the SNARE proteins VAMP721 and SYP121 as the interactors and downstream effectors of RABA2a. Further expreiments showed that RABA2a interacts with all members of the SNARE complex in its GTP-bound form and modulates the assembly of the VAMP721/722-SYP121-SNAP33 SNARE ternary complex. Intriguingly, we did not observe the interaction of the exocyst subunits with either RABA2a or theSNARE proteins in several different experiments. Neither RABA2a inactivation affects the subcellular localization or assembly of the exocystnor the exocyst subunit mutant exo84b shows the disrupted RABA2a-SNARE association or SNARE assembly, suggesting that the RABA2a-SNARE- and exocyst-mediated secretory pathways are largely independent. Consistently, our live imaging experiments reveal that the two sets of proteins follow non-overlapping trafficking routes, and genetic and cell biologyanalyses indicate that the two pathways select different cargos. Finally, we demonstrate that the plant-specific RABA2a-SNARE pathway is essential for the maintenance of potassium homeostasis in Arabisopsis seedlings. Collectively, our findings imply that higher plants might have generated different endomembrane sorting pathways during evolution and may enable the highly conserved endomembrane proteins to participate in plant-specific trafficking mechanisms for adaptation to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xi Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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26
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Al-Zahrani HS, Moussa TAA, Alsamadany H, Hafez RM, Fuller MP. Phylogenetic and Expression Studies of Small GTP-Binding Proteins in Solanum lycopersicum Super Strain B. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050641. [PMID: 35270112 PMCID: PMC8912273 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This investigation involved a comparative analysis of the small GTPase superfamily in S. lycopersicum super strain B compared to their analogues in leguminous and other non-leguminous species. The small GTPases superfamily members were recognized by tBLASTn searches. The sequences of amino acid were aligned using Clustal Omega and the analysis of phylogeny was performed with the MEGA7 package. Protein alignments were applied for all studied species. Three-dimensional models of RABA2, ROP9, and ROP10 from Solanum lycopersicum “Super strain B” were performed. The levels of mRNA of the Rab, Arf, Rop, and Ran subfamilies were detected in aerial tissues vs. roots. Significant divergences were found in the number of members and groups comprising each subfamily of the small GTPases and Glycine max had the highest count. High expression of Rab and Arf proteins was shown in the roots of legumes whilst in non-legume plants, the highest values were recorded in aerial tissues. S. lycopersicum super strain B had the highest expression of Rab and Arf proteins in its aerial tissues, which may indicate that diazotroph strains have supreme activities in the aerial tissues of strain B and act as associated N-fixing bacteria. The phylogenies of the small GTPase superfamily of the studied plants did not reveal asymmetric evolution of the Ra, Arf, Rop, and Ran subfamilies. Multiple sequence alignments derived from each of the Rab, Arf, and Rop proteins of S. lycopersicum super strain B showed a low frequency of substitutions in their domains. GTPases superfamily members have definite functions during infection, delivery, and maintenance of N2-fixing diazotroph but show some alterations in their function among S. lycopersicum super strain B, and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.A.)
| | - Tarek A. A. Moussa
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.A.)
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1001531738
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.-Z.); (H.A.)
| | - Rehab M. Hafez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Michael P. Fuller
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
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27
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Sampaio M, Neves J, Cardoso T, Pissarra J, Pereira S, Pereira C. Coping with Abiotic Stress in Plants-An Endomembrane Trafficking Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030338. [PMID: 35161321 PMCID: PMC8838314 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells face many changes through their life cycle and develop several mechanisms to cope with adversity. Stress caused by environmental factors is turning out to be more and more relevant as the human population grows and plant cultures start to fail. As eukaryotes, plant cells must coordinate several processes occurring between compartments and combine different pathways for protein transport to several cellular locations. Conventionally, these pathways begin at the ER, or endoplasmic reticulum, move through the Golgi and deliver cargo to the vacuole or to the plasma membrane. However, when under stress, protein trafficking in plants is compromised, usually leading to changes in the endomembrane system that may include protein transport through unconventional routes and alteration of morphology, activity and content of key organelles, as the ER and the vacuole. Such events provide the tools for cells to adapt and overcome the challenges brought on by stress. With this review, we gathered fragmented information on the subject, highlighting how such changes are processed within the endomembrane system and how it responds to an ever-changing environment. Even though the available data on this subject are still sparse, novel information is starting to untangle the complexity and dynamics of protein transport routes and their role in maintaining cell homeostasis under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sampaio
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - João Neves
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Tatiana Cardoso
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (J.N.); (T.C.)
| | - José Pissarra
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Susana Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/nº, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.); (J.P.)
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28
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Jin Y, Li J, Zhu Q, Du X, Liu F, Li Y, Ahmar S, Zhang X, Sun J, Xue F. GhAPC8 regulates leaf blade angle by modulating multiple hormones in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 195:217-228. [PMID: 34896470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle, including leaf petiole angle (LPA) and leaf blade angle (LBA), is an important trait affecting plant architecture. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genes play a vital role in plant growth and development, including regulation of leaf angle. Here, we identified and characterized the APC genes in Upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.) with a focus on GhAPC8, a homolog of soybean GmILPA1 involved in regulation of LPA. We showed that independently silencing the At or Dt sub-genome homoeolog of GhAPC8 using virus-induced gene silencing reduced plant height and LBA, and that reduction of LBA could be caused by uneven growth of cortex parenchyma cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole. The junction between leaf blade and leaf petiole of the GhAPC8-silenced plants had an elevated level of brassinosteroid (BR) and a decreased levels of auxin and gibberellin. Consistently, comparative transcriptome analysis found that silencing GhAPC8 activated genes of the BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways as well as genes related to ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified gene modules significantly associated with plant height and LBA, and candidate genes bridging GhAPC8, the pathways of BR biosynthesis and signaling and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. These results demonstrated a role of GhAPC8 in regulating LBA, likely achieved by modulating the accumulation and signaling of multiple phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianhao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000 Xinjiang, China.
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29
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Connected function of PRAF/RLD and GNOM in membrane trafficking controls intrinsic cell polarity in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7. [PMID: 35013279 PMCID: PMC8748900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is a fundamental feature underlying cell morphogenesis and organismal development. In the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage, the polarity protein BASL controls stomatal asymmetric cell division. However, the cellular machinery by which this intrinsic polarity site is established remains unknown. Here, we identify the PRAF/RLD proteins as BASL physical partners and mutating four PRAF members leads to defects in BASL polarization. Members of PRAF proteins are polarized in stomatal lineage cells in a BASL-dependent manner. Developmental defects of the praf mutants phenocopy those of the gnom mutants. GNOM is an activator of the conserved Arf GTPases and plays important roles in membrane trafficking. We further find PRAF physically interacts with GNOM in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we propose that the positive feedback of BASL and PRAF at the plasma membrane and the connected function of PRAF and GNOM in endosomal trafficking establish intrinsic cell polarity in the Arabidopsis stomatal lineage.
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30
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Porfírio-Sousa AL, Tice AK, Brown MW, J. G. Lahr D. Phylogenetic reconstruction and evolution of the Rab GTPase gene family in Amoebozoa. Small GTPases 2022; 13:100-113. [PMID: 33779495 PMCID: PMC9707542 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1903794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPase is a paralog-rich gene family that controls the maintenance of the eukaryotic cell compartmentalization system. Diverse eukaryotes have varying numbers of Rab paralogs. Currently, little is known about the evolutionary pattern of Rab GTPase in most major eukaryotic 'supergroups'. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of the Rab GTPase gene family in the eukaryotic 'supergroup' Amoebozoa, a diverse lineage represented by unicellular and multicellular organisms. We demonstrate that Amoebozoa conserved 20 of the 23 ancestral Rab GTPases predicted to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor and massively expanded several 'novel' in-paralogs. Due to these 'novel' in-paralogs, the Rab family composition dramatically varies between the members of Amoebozoa; as a consequence, 'supergroup'-based studies may significantly change our current understanding of the evolution and diversity of this gene family. The high diversity of the Rab GTPase gene family in Amoebozoa makes this 'supergroup' a key lineage to study and advance our knowledge of the evolution of Rab in Eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander K. Tice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA,Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Matthew W. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA,Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel J. G. Lahr
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,CONTACT Daniel J. G. Lahr Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Huang FC, Chi SF, Chien PR, Liu YT, Chang HN, Lin CS, Hwang HH. Arabidopsis RAB8A, RAB8B and RAB8D Proteins Interact with Several RTNLB Proteins and are Involved in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Infection Process. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1572-1588. [PMID: 34255832 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana small GTP-binding proteins, AtRAB8s, associate with the endomembrane system and modulate tubulovesicular trafficking between compartments of the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways. There are five members in Arabidopsis, namely AtRAB8A-8E. Yeast two-hybrid assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays and glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assays showed that RAB8A, 8B and 8D interacted with several membrane-associated reticulon-like (AtRTNLB) proteins in yeast, plant cells and in vitro. Furthermore, RAB8A, 8B and 8D proteins showed interactions with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein, VirB2, a component of a type IV secretion system (T4SS). A. tumefaciens uses a T4SS to transfer T-DNA and Virulence proteins to plants, which causes crown gall disease in plants. The Arabidopsis rab8A, rab8B and rab8D single mutants showed decreased levels of Agrobacterium-mediated root and seedling transformation, while the RAB8A, 8B and 8D overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis plants were hypersusceptible to A. tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae infections. RAB8A-8E transcripts accumulated differently in roots, rosette leaves, cauline leaves, inflorescence and flowers of wild-type plants. In summary, RAB8A, 8B and 8D interacted with several RTNLB proteins and participated in A. tumefaciens and P. syringae infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fei Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Chien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Tzu Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Nung Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Choun-Sea Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Hsuan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Gutkowska M, Kaus‐Drobek M, Hoffman‐Sommer M, Małgorzata Pamuła M, Daria Leja A, Perycz M, Lichocka M, Witek A, Wojtas M, Dadlez M, Swiezewska E, Surmacz L. Impact of C-terminal truncations in the Arabidopsis Rab escort protein (REP) on REP-Rab interaction and plant fertility. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1400-1421. [PMID: 34592024 PMCID: PMC9293207 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid anchors are common post-translational modifications for proteins engaged in signaling and vesicular transport in eukaryotic cells. Rab proteins are geranylgeranylated at their C-termini, a modification which is important for their stable binding to lipid bilayers. The Rab escort protein (REP) is an accessory protein of the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGT) complex and it is obligatory for Rab prenylation. While REP-Rab interactions have been studied by biochemical, structural, and genetic methods in animals and yeast, data on the plant RGT complex are still limited. Here we use hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to describe the structural basis of plant REP-Rab binding. The obtained results show that the interaction of REP with Rabs is highly dynamic and involves specific structural changes in both partners. In some cases the Rab and REP regions involved in the interaction are molecule-specific, and in other cases they are common for a subset of Rabs. In particular, the C-terminus of REP is not involved in binding of unprenylated Rab proteins in plants, in contrast to mammalian REP. In line with this, a C-terminal REP truncation does not have pronounced phenotypic effects in planta. On the contrary, a complete lack of functional REP leads to male sterility in Arabidopsis: pollen grains develop in the anthers, but they do not germinate efficiently and hence are unable to transmit the mutated allele. The presented data show that the mechanism of action of REP in the process of Rab geranylgeranylation is different in plants than in animals or yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gutkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Kaus‐Drobek
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
- Mossakowski Medical Research CentrePolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Marta Hoffman‐Sommer
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | | | - Anna Daria Leja
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Małgorzata Perycz
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
- Institute of Computer SciencePolish Academy of Sciencesul. Jana Kazimierza 501‐248WarsawPoland
| | - Małgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Agnieszka Witek
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Wojtas
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
| | - Liliana Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawinskiego 5a, 02‐106WarsawPoland
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Agarwal P, Baraiya BM, Joshi PS, Patel M, Parida AK, Agarwal PK. AlRab7 from Aeluropus lagopoides ameliorates ion toxicity in transgenic tobacco by regulating hormone signaling and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1448-1462. [PMID: 33934375 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plants endomembrane system of the cellular compartments with its complex membrane trafficking network facilitates transport of macromolecules. The endomembrane dynamics are essential for maintaining basic and specific cellular functions including adaptation to the extracellular environment. The plant vacuole serves as a reservoir for nutrients and toxic metabolites and performs detoxification processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. The overexpression of AlRab7, a vesicle trafficking gene from Aeluropus lagopoides, improved germination and growth and reduced ionic and oxidative stress in transgenics. Moreover, the root and shoot of transgenic tobacco showed differential accumulation of phytohormone ABA and IAA with different ionic stresses. The improved growth (root and shoot length) can be co-related with higher IAA accumulation with NaCl stress. The low Na+ /K+ ratio with different NaCl stress treatments indicates better ion homeostasis in transgenics. Furthermore, the increased stomatal density and higher number of open stomata on both leaf surfaces in transgenics during NaCl stress suggest better gaseous exchange/functioning of guard cells. The maintained or increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase antioxidative enzyme activities suggest that an extensive reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system was triggered to detoxify cellular ROS, which remained at low levels in transgenics during the different stress treatments. Our results suggest that the AlRab7 transgenic tobacco ameliorates ionic stress by facilitating differential and selective ion transport at vacuolar membrane regulating hormone signaling, ROS homeostasis, stomatal development, and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
| | - Bhagirath M Baraiya
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka S Joshi
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Monika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Asish K Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ambastha V, Matityahu I, Tidhar D, Leshem Y. RabA2b Overexpression Alters the Plasma-Membrane Proteome and Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:738694. [PMID: 34691115 PMCID: PMC8526897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rab proteins are small GTPases that are important in the regulation of vesicle trafficking. Through data mining, we identified RabA2b to be stress responsive, though little is known about the involvement of RabA in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Analysis of the RabA2b native promoter showed strong activity during osmotic stress, which required the stress hormone Abscisic acid (ABA) and was restricted to the vasculature. Sequence analysis of the promoter region identified predicted binding motifs for several ABA-responsive transcription factors. We cloned RabA2b and overexpressed it in Arabidopsis. The resulting transgenic plants were strikingly drought resistant. The reduced water loss observed in detached leaves of the transgenic plants could not be explained by stomatal aperture or density, which was similar in all the genotypes. Subcellular localization studies detected strong colocalization between RabA2b and the plasma membrane (PM) marker PIP2. Further studies of the PM showed, for the first time, a distinguished alteration in the PM proteome as a result of RabA2b overexpression. Proteomic analysis of isolated PM fractions showed enrichment of stress-coping proteins as well as cell wall/cuticle modifiers in the transgenic lines. Finally, the cuticle permeability of transgenic leaves was significantly reduced compared to the wild type, suggesting that it plays a role in its drought resistant properties. Overall, these data provide new insights into the roles and modes of action of RabA2b during water stresses, and indicate that increased RabA2b mediated PM trafficking can affect the PM proteome and increase drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Ambastha
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ifat Matityahu
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Dafna Tidhar
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Yehoram Leshem
- Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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35
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Li S, Cerri M, Strazzer P, Li Y, Spelt C, Bliek M, Vandenbussche M, Martínez-Calvó E, Lai B, Reale L, Koes R, Quattrocchio FM. An ancient RAB5 governs the formation of additional vacuoles and cell shape in petunia petals. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109749. [PMID: 34592147 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous ("canonical") RAB5 proteins regulate endosomal trafficking to lysosomes in animals and to the central vacuole in plants. Epidermal petal cells contain small vacuoles (vacuolinos) that serve as intermediate stations for proteins on their way to the central vacuole. Here, we show that transcription factors required for vacuolino formation in petunia induce expression of RAB5a. RAB5a defines a previously unrecognized clade of canonical RAB5s that is evolutionarily and functionally distinct from ARA7-type RAB5s, which act in trafficking to the vacuole. Loss of RAB5a reduces cell height and abolishes vacuolino formation, which cannot be rescued by the ARA7 homologs, whereas constitutive RAB5a (over)expression alters the conical cell shape and promotes homotypic vacuolino fusion, resulting in oversized vacuolinos. These findings provide a rare example of how gene duplication and neofunctionalization increased the complexity of membrane trafficking during evolution and suggest a mechanism by which cells may form multiple vacuoles with distinct content and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Cerri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pamela Strazzer
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yanbang Li
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Spelt
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), ENS de Lyon/CNRS/INRA/UCBL, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Enric Martínez-Calvó
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Biao Lai
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lara Reale
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ronald Koes
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesca M Quattrocchio
- Plant Development and (Epi)Genetics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Pandey P, Leary AY, Tumtas Y, Savage Z, Dagvadorj B, Duggan C, Yuen EL, Sanguankiattichai N, Tan E, Khandare V, Connerton AJ, Yunusov T, Madalinski M, Mirkin FG, Schornack S, Dagdas Y, Kamoun S, Bozkurt TO. An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface. eLife 2021; 10:65285. [PMID: 34424198 PMCID: PMC8382295 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood. The Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans secretes the effector protein PexRD54 that selectively activates an unknown plant autophagy pathway that antagonizes antimicrobial autophagy at the pathogen interface. Here, we show that PexRD54 induces autophagosome formation by bridging vesicles decorated by the small GTPase Rab8a with autophagic compartments labeled by the core autophagy protein ATG8CL. Rab8a is required for pathogen-triggered and starvation-induced but not antimicrobial autophagy, revealing specific trafficking pathways underpin selective autophagy. By subverting Rab8a-mediated vesicle trafficking, PexRD54 utilizes lipid droplets to facilitate biogenesis of autophagosomes diverted to pathogen feeding sites. Altogether, we show that PexRD54 mimics starvation-induced autophagy to subvert endomembrane trafficking at the host-pathogen interface, revealing how effectors bridge distinct host compartments to expedite colonization. With its long filaments reaching deep inside its prey, the tiny fungi-like organism known as Phytophthora infestans has had a disproportionate impact on human history. Latching onto plants and feeding on their cells, it has caused large-scale starvation events such as the Irish or Highland potato famines. Many specialized proteins allow the parasite to accomplish its feat. For instance, PexRD54 helps P. infestans hijack a cellular process known as autophagy. Healthy cells use this ‘self-eating’ mechanism to break down invaders or to recycle their components, for example when they require specific nutrients. The process is set in motion by various pathways of molecular events that result in specific sac-like ‘vesicles’ filled with cargo being transported to specialized compartments for recycling. PexRD54 can take over this mechanism by activating one of the plant autophagy pathways, directing cells to form autophagic vesicles that Phytophthora could then possibly use to feed on or to destroy antimicrobial components. How or why this is the case remains poorly understood. To examine these questions, Pandey, Leary et al. used a combination of genetic and microscopy techniques and tracked how PexRD54 alters autophagy as P. infestans infects a tobacco-related plant. The results show that PexRD54 works by bridging two proteins: one is present on cellular vesicles filled with cargo, and the other on autophagic structures surrounding the parasite. This allows PexRD54 to direct the vesicles to the feeding sites of P. infestans so the parasite can potentially divert nutrients. Pandey, Leary et al. then went on to develop a molecule called the AIM peptide, which could block autophagy by mimicking part of PexRD54. These results help to better grasp how a key disease affects crops, potentially leading to new ways to protect plants without the use of pesticides. They also shed light on autophagy: ultimately, a deeper understanding of this fundamental biological process could allow the development of plants which can adapt to changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cian Duggan
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Emily Tan
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Temur Yunusov
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Madalinski
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Gabriel Mirkin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Pandey P, Leary AY, Tumtas Y, Savage Z, Dagvadorj B, Duggan C, Yuen EL, Sanguankiattichai N, Tan E, Khandare V, Connerton AJ, Yunusov T, Madalinski M, Mirkin FG, Schornack S, Dagdas Y, Kamoun S, Bozkurt TO. An oomycete effector subverts host vesicle trafficking to channel starvation-induced autophagy to the pathogen interface. eLife 2021; 10:65285. [PMID: 34424198 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.20.000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells deploy autophagy to eliminate invading microbes. In turn, pathogens have evolved effector proteins to counteract antimicrobial autophagy. How adapted pathogens co-opt autophagy for their own benefit is poorly understood. The Irish famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans secretes the effector protein PexRD54 that selectively activates an unknown plant autophagy pathway that antagonizes antimicrobial autophagy at the pathogen interface. Here, we show that PexRD54 induces autophagosome formation by bridging vesicles decorated by the small GTPase Rab8a with autophagic compartments labeled by the core autophagy protein ATG8CL. Rab8a is required for pathogen-triggered and starvation-induced but not antimicrobial autophagy, revealing specific trafficking pathways underpin selective autophagy. By subverting Rab8a-mediated vesicle trafficking, PexRD54 utilizes lipid droplets to facilitate biogenesis of autophagosomes diverted to pathogen feeding sites. Altogether, we show that PexRD54 mimics starvation-induced autophagy to subvert endomembrane trafficking at the host-pathogen interface, revealing how effectors bridge distinct host compartments to expedite colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cian Duggan
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Emily Tan
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Temur Yunusov
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Madalinski
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Gabriel Mirkin
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University (SLCU), Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- INGEBI-CONICET, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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38
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Zhang X, Li H, Lu H, Hwang I. The trafficking machinery of lytic and protein storage vacuoles: how much is shared and how much is distinct? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3504-3512. [PMID: 33587748 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells contain two types of vacuoles, the lytic vacuole (LV) and protein storage vacuole (PSV). LVs are present in vegetative cells, whereas PSVs are found in seed cells. The physiological functions of the two types of vacuole differ. Newly synthesized proteins must be transported to these vacuoles via protein trafficking through the endomembrane system for them to function. Recently, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of protein trafficking to these organelles. Despite these advances, the relationship between the trafficking mechanisms to the LV and PSV remains unclear. Some aspects of the trafficking mechanisms are common to both types of vacuole, but certain aspects are specific to trafficking to either the LV or PSV. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the components involved in protein trafficking to both the LV and PSV and compare them to examine the extent of overlap in the trafficking mechanisms. In addition, we discuss the interconnection between the LV and PSV provided by the protein trafficking machinery and the implications for the identity of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, South Korea
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Chen D, He L, Lin M, Jing Y, Liang C, Liu H, Gao J, Zhang W, Wang M. A ras-related small GTP-binding protein, RabE1c, regulates stomatal movements and drought stress responses by mediating the interaction with ABA receptors. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110858. [PMID: 33775364 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought represents a leading constraint over crop productivity worldwide. The plant response to this stress is centered on the behavior of the cell membrane, where the transduction of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling occurs. Here, the Ras-related small GTP-binding protein RabE1c has been shown able to bind to an ABA receptor in the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane, thereby positively regulating ABA signaling. RabE1c is highly induced by drought stress and expressed abundantly in guard cells. In the loss-of-function rabe1c mutant, both stomatal closure and the whole plant drought stress response showed a reduced sensitivity to ABA treatment, demonstrating that RabE1c is involved in the control over transpirative water loss through the stomata. Impairment of RabE1c's function suppressed the accumulation of the ABA receptor PYL4. The over-expression of RabE1c in A. thaliana enhanced the plants' ability to tolerate drought, and a similar phenotypic effect was achieved by constitutively expressing the gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapassp. pekinensis). The leading conclusion was that RabE1c promotes the degradation of PYL4, suggesting a possible genetic strategy to engineer crop plants to better withstand drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lilong He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Minyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chaochao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Li J, Xu C, Yang S, Chen C, Tang S, Wang J, Xie H. A Venom Allergen-Like Protein, RsVAP, the First Discovered Effector Protein of Radopholus similis That Inhibits Plant Defense and Facilitates Parasitism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4782. [PMID: 33946385 PMCID: PMC8125365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radopholus similis is a migratory endoparasitic nematode that is extremely harmful to host plants. Venom allergen-like proteins (VAPs) are members of the cysteine-rich secretory protein family that are widely present in plants and animals. In this study, we cloned a VAP gene from R. similis, designated as RsVAP. RsVAP contains an open reading frame of 1089 bp encoding 362 amino acids. RsVAP is specifically expressed in the esophageal gland, and the expression levels of RsVAP are significantly higher in juveniles than in other life stages of R. similis. This expression pattern of RsVAP was consistent with the biological characteristics of juveniles of R. similis, which have the ability of infection and are the main infection stages of R. similis. The pathogenicity and reproduction rate of R. similis in tomato was significantly attenuated after RsVAP was silenced. In tobacco leaves transiently expressing RsVAP, the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) induced by a bacterial flagellin fragment (flg22) was inhibited, while the cell death induced by two sets of immune elicitors (BAX and Gpa2/RBP-1) was repressed. The RsVAP-interacting, ras-related protein RABA1d (LeRabA1d) was identified in tomato hosts by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. RsVAP may interact with LeRabA1d to affect the host defense response, which in turn facilitates nematode infection. This study provides the first evidence for the inhibition of plant defense response by a VAP from migratory plant-parasitic nematodes, and, for the first time, the target protein of R. similis in its host was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Xie
- Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (C.X.); (S.Y.); (C.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
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Tripathy MK, Deswal R, Sopory SK. Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:26-40. [PMID: 34045922 PMCID: PMC8142350 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210114102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB6, RAB7, RAB8, RAB11 and RAB18. Recent studies on different species suggest that RAB proteins play crucial roles in intracellular trafficking and cytokinesis, in autophagy, plant microbe interactions and in biotic and abiotic stress responses. This review recaptures and summarizes the roles of RABs in plant cell functions and in enhancing plant survival under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Tripathy
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Renu Deswal
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Turowski VR, Ruiz DM, Nascimento AFZ, Millán C, Sammito MD, Juanhuix J, Cremonesi AS, Usón I, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. Structure of the class XI myosin globular tail reveals evolutionary hallmarks for cargo recognition in plants. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:522-533. [PMID: 33825712 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific class XI myosins (MyoXIs) play key roles at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, engaging diverse adaptor proteins to transport cargoes along actin filaments. To recognize their cargoes, MyoXIs have a C-terminal globular tail domain (GTD) that is evolutionarily related to those of class V myosins (MyoVs) from animals and fungi. Despite recent advances in understanding the functional roles played by MyoXI in plants, the structure of its GTD, and therefore the molecular determinants for cargo selectivity and recognition, remain elusive. In this study, the first crystal structure of a MyoXI GTD, that of MyoXI-K from Arabidopsis thaliana, was elucidated at 2.35 Å resolution using a low-identity and fragment-based phasing approach in ARCIMBOLDO_SHREDDER. The results reveal that both the composition and the length of the α5-α6 loop are distinctive features of MyoXI-K, providing evidence for a structural stabilizing role for this loop, which is otherwise carried out by a molecular zipper in MyoV GTDs. The crystal structure also shows that most of the characterized cargo-binding sites in MyoVs are not conserved in plant MyoXIs, pointing to plant-specific cargo-recognition mechanisms. Notably, the main elements involved in the self-regulation mechanism of MyoVs are conserved in plant MyoXIs, indicating this to be an ancient ancestral trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Turowski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Diego M Ruiz
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey F Z Nascimento
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo D Sammito
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- XALOC Beamline, Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Sampaio Cremonesi
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Priscila O Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
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Rojek J, Tucker MR, Pinto SC, Rychłowski M, Lichocka M, Soukupova H, Nowakowska J, Bohdanowicz J, Surmacz G, Gutkowska M. Rab-dependent vesicular traffic affects female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:320-340. [PMID: 32939545 PMCID: PMC7853608 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on the accuracy and efficiency of vesicular traffic. In plants, disturbances in vesicular trafficking are well studied in quickly dividing root meristem cells or polar growing root hairs and pollen tubes. The development of the female gametophyte, a unique haploid reproductive structure located in the ovule, has received far less attention in studies of vesicular transport. Key molecules providing the specificity of vesicle formation and its subsequent recognition and fusion with the acceptor membrane are Rab proteins. Rabs are anchored to membranes by covalently linked geranylgeranyl group(s) that are added by the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGT) enzyme. Here we show that Arabidopsis plants carrying mutations in the gene encoding the β-subunit of RGT (rgtb1) exhibit severely disrupted female gametogenesis and this effect is of sporophytic origin. Mutations in rgtb1 lead to internalization of the PIN1 and PIN3 proteins from the basal membranes to vesicles in provascular cells of the funiculus. Decreased transport of auxin out of the ovule is accompanied by auxin accumulation in tissue surrounding the growing gametophyte. In addition, female gametophyte development arrests at the uni- or binuclear stage in a significant portion of the rgtb1 ovules. These observations suggest that communication between the sporophyte and the developing female gametophyte relies on Rab-dependent vesicular traffic of the PIN1 and PIN3 transporters and auxin efflux out of the ovule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rojek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sara C Pinto
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre s/n Porto, Portugal
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lichocka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hana Soukupova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, Praha 6 Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Julita Nowakowska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bohdanowicz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gabriela Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gutkowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Orr RG, Furt F, Warner EL, Agar EM, Garbarino JM, Cabral SE, Dubuke ML, Butt AM, Munson M, Vidali L. Rab-E and its interaction with myosin XI are essential for polarised cell growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1924-1936. [PMID: 33098085 PMCID: PMC8168425 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental process of polarised exocytosis requires the interconnected activity of molecular motors trafficking vesicular cargo within a dynamic cytoskeletal network. In plants, few mechanistic details are known about how molecular motors, such as myosin XI, associate with their secretory cargo to support the ubiquitous processes of polarised growth and cell division. Live-cell imaging coupled with targeted gene knockouts and a high-throughput RNAi assay enabled the first characterisation of the loss of Rab-E function. Yeast two-hybrid and subsequent in silico structural prediction uncovered a specific interaction between Rab-E and myosin XI that is conserved between P. patens and A. thaliana. Rab-E co-localises with myosin XI at sites of active exocytosis, and at the growing tip both proteins are spatiotemporally coupled. Rab-E is required for normal plant growth in P. patens and the rab-E and myosin XI phenotypes are rescued by A. thaliana's Rab-E1c and myosin XI-K/E, respectively. Both PpMyoXI and AtMyoXI-K interact with PpRabE14, and the interaction is specifically mediated by PpMyoXI residue V1422. This interaction is required for polarised growth. Our results suggest that the interaction of Rab-E and myosin XI is a conserved feature of polarised growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Orr
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Fabienne Furt
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Erin L Warner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Erin M Agar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Jennifer M Garbarino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Sarah E Cabral
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Michelle L Dubuke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Allison M Butt
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Mary Munson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Luis Vidali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
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Kanazawa T, Morinaka H, Ebine K, Shimada TL, Ishida S, Minamino N, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Kohchi T, Nakano A, Ueda T. The liverwort oil body is formed by redirection of the secretory pathway. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6152. [PMID: 33262353 PMCID: PMC7708844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells acquired novel organelles during evolution through mechanisms that remain largely obscure. The existence of the unique oil body compartment is a synapomorphy of liverworts that represents lineage-specific acquisition of this organelle during evolution, although its origin, biogenesis, and physiological function are yet unknown. We find that two paralogous syntaxin-1 homologs in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are distinctly targeted to forming cell plates and the oil body, suggesting that these structures share some developmental similarity. Oil body formation is regulated by an ERF/AP2-type transcription factor and loss of the oil body increases M. polymorpha herbivory. These findings highlight a common strategy for the acquisition of organelles with distinct functions in plants, via periodical redirection of the secretory pathway depending on cellular phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Kanazawa
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hatsune Morinaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi L Shimada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Minamino
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- The Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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Sweetman C, Khassanova G, Miller TK, Booth NJ, Kurishbayev A, Jatayev S, Gupta NK, Langridge P, Jenkins CLD, Soole KL, Day DA, Shavrukov Y. Salt-induced expression of intracellular vesicle trafficking genes, CaRab-GTP, and their association with Na + accumulation in leaves of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:183. [PMID: 33050887 PMCID: PMC7557026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea is an important legume and is moderately tolerant to salinity stress during the growing season. However, the level and mechanisms for salinity tolerance can vary among accessions and cultivars. A large family of CaRab-GTP genes, previously identified in chickpea, is homologous to intracellular vesicle trafficking superfamily genes that play essential roles in response to salinity stress in plants. RESULTS To determine which of the gene family members are involved in the chickpea salt response, plants from six selected chickpea accessions (Genesis 836, Hattrick, ICC12726, Rupali, Slasher and Yubileiny) were exposed to salinity stress and expression profiles resolved for the major CaRab-GTP gene clades after 5, 9 and 15 days of salt exposure. Gene clade expression profiles (using degenerate primers targeting all members of each clade) were tested for their relationship to salinity tolerance measures, namely plant biomass and Na+ accumulation. Transcripts representing 11 out of the 13 CaRab clades could be detected by RT-PCR, but only six (CaRabA2, -B, -C, -D, -E and -H) could be quantified using qRT-PCR due to low expression levels or poor amplification efficiency of the degenerate primers for clades containing several gene members. Expression profiles of three gene clades, CaRabB, -D and -E, were very similar across all six chickpea accessions, showing a strongly coordinated network. Salt-induced enhancement of CaRabA2 expression at 15 days showed a very strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.905) with Na+ accumulation in leaves. However, salinity tolerance estimated as relative plant biomass production compared to controls, did not correlate with Na+ accumulation in leaves, nor with expression profiles of any of the investigated CaRab-GTP genes. CONCLUSION A coordinated network of CaRab-GTP genes, which are likely involved in intracellular trafficking, are important for the salinity stress response of chickpea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gulmira Khassanova
- Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Troy K Miller
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Booth
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Akhylbek Kurishbayev
- Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Satyvaldy Jatayev
- Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| | - Narendra K Gupta
- College of Agriculture, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Colin L D Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David A Day
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Life Science, AgriBio, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Zhu Y, Ji C, Cao W, Shen J, Zhao Q, Jiang L. Identification and characterization of unconventional membrane protein trafficking regulators in Arabidopsis: A genetic approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 252:153229. [PMID: 32750645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proper trafficking and subcellular localization of membrane proteins are essential for plant growth and development. The plant endomembrane system contains several membrane-bound organelles with distinct functions including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN) or early endosome, prevacuolar compartment (PVC) or multivesicular body (MVB) and vacuole. Multiple approaches have been successfully used to identify and study the regulators and components important for signal transduction, growth and development, as well as membrane trafficking in the endomembrane system in plants. These include the homologous characterization of the counterparts in mammals or yeast employing both reverse genetic as well as the forward genetic screen approaches. However, the deletion or mutation of membrane trafficking related proteins usually leads to seedling lethality due to their essential roles in plant development and organelle biogenesis. To overcome the limitation of lethal phenotype of the target proteins, we used DEX-inducible RNAi knock-down lines to study their function in plants. More recently, we developed and used both RNAi knock-down and T-DNA insertional lines as starting materials to screen for mutations that could suppress and rescue the lethal phenotype, or a suppressor screening. Further characterization of the newly identified suppressor mutants has resulted in the identification of novel negative regulators in mediating membrane trafficking and organelle biogenesis in plants. In this review, we summarize the current approaches in studying protein trafficking in the endomembrane system. We then describe three examples of suppressor screening with distinct starting materials (i.e. FREE1, MON1, and SH3P2 that are regulators of MVB, vacuole, and autophagosomes, respectively) to discuss the rationale, procedures, advantages and disadvantages, and possible outcomes of such a suppressor screening. We finally propose that these novel screening approaches will lead to the identification of new unconventional players in regulating protein trafficking and organelle biogenesis in plants and discuss their impact on plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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MARTINIÈRE A, MOREAU P. Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story. J Microsc 2020; 280:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. MARTINIÈRE
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro BPMP Montpellier France
| | - P. MOREAU
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon France
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Agarwal P, Patel K, More P, Sapara KK, Singh VK, Agarwal PK. The AlRabring7 E3-Ub-ligase mediates AlRab7 ubiquitination and improves ionic and oxidative stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:689-704. [PMID: 32353675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of ROS homeostasis, membrane biogenesis and recycling of molecules are common stress responses involving specific and complex regulatory network. Ubiquitination is an important and common mechanism which facilitates environmental adaptation in eukaryotes. In the present study we have cloned the AlRabring7, an E3-Ub-ligase, previously identified as AlRab7 interacting partner. The role of AlRabring7 for ubiquitinating AlRab7 and facilitating stress tolerance is analysed. The AlRabring7, with an open-reading frame of 702 bp encodes a protein of 233 amino acids, with RING-HC domain of 40 amino acids. In silico analysis shows that AlRabring7 is a C3HC4-type RING E3 Ub ligase. The protein - protein docking show interaction dynamics between AlRab7-AlRabring7-Ubiquitin proteins. The AlRab7 and AlRabring7 transcript showed up-regulation in response to different salts i.e: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, NaCl + KCl, NaCl + CaCl2, imposing ionic as well as hyperosmotic stress, and also with oxidative stress by H2O2 treatment. Interestingly, the AlRabring7 showed early transcript expression with maximum expression in shoots on combinatorial stresses. The AlRab7 showed delayed and maximum expression with NaCl + CaCl2 stress treatment. The AlRab7 complements yeast ypt7Δ mutants and restored the fragmented vacuole. The in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that AlRabring7 function as E3 ubiquitin ligase and mediates AlRab7 ubiquitination. Overexpression of AlRab7 and AlRabring7 independently and when co-transformed enhanced the growth of yeast cells during stress conditions. Further, the bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay shows the in planta interaction of the two proteins. Our results suggest that AlRab7 and AlRabring7 confers enhanced stress tolerance in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Khantika Patel
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Prashant More
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Komal K Sapara
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep K Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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50
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Nielsen E. The Small GTPase Superfamily in Plants: A Conserved Regulatory Module with Novel Functions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:247-272. [PMID: 32442390 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-112619-025827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins represent a highly conserved signaling module in eukaryotes that regulates diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular membrane trafficking and transport vesicle formation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between active and inactive states, and this cycle is linked to GTP binding and hydrolysis. In this review, the roles of the plant complement of small GTP-binding proteins in these cellular processes are described, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and current understanding of the functions of individual members of these families in plants-with a focus on the model organism Arabidopsis-is presented. Some potential novel roles of these GTPases in plants, relative to their established roles in yeast and/or animal systems, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
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